Selected quad for the lemma: cause_n

Word A	Word B	Word C	Word D	Occurrence	Frequency Band	MI	MI Band	Prominent
cause_n	bear_v	fruit_n	tree_n	1,451	5	8.5127	4	false

Text snippets containing the quad

ID	Title	Author	Corrected Date of Publication (TCP Date of Publication)	STC	Words	Pages
A13665	The new found vvorlde, or Antarctike wherin is contained wo[n]derful and strange things, as well of humaine creatures, as beastes, fishes, foules, and serpents, trées, plants, mines of golde and siluer: garnished with many learned aucthorities, trauailed and written in the French tong, by that excellent learned man, master Andrevve Theuet. And now newly translated into Englishe, wherein is reformed the errours of the auncient cosmographers.; Singularitez de la France antarctique, autrement nommée Amérique. English	Thevet, André, 1502-1590.; Hacket, Thomas, fl. 1560-1590.	1568 (1568)	STC 23950; ESTC S111418	200,763	298

the cause that the séedes cannot bud out nor floure bicause of the extreme heate and drieth So soone as they sée their grounde watered or dewed they begin to sowe and after they haue sowed within thrée monethes the fruite is ripe redy to be cut Their drinke is the Iuice of Palme trées and water Among the trées of this countrey there are founde some of the greatnesse of our Oke trées the which beareth fruite as great as dates with the nut they make Oyle that hath meruelous properties The firste is that it holdeth water in yellowe collour like safferne with y e which they dye or collour their little boulles that they drinke in also there hattes that are made of the strawe of rice Furthermore this Oyle hath a smell like to Marche violets and a sauor or taast like Olyue Oyle therefore many eat of it with their Fish Ryce and other meates that they eate Thus much thought I good to speake of this ryuer and countrey of Senega the which extendeth from the coast of Leuant to the land of Thuensar and from the South parte of the Realme Cambra from the ponent to the Weaste sea keping alwayes our course certayne dayes after we began to enter into the countrey of Ethiopia in that parte that is named the Kingdome of Noby which is of a greate circuite with many Kingdomes and prouinces of the which we will hereafter speake Of the Ilands Hisperides othervvise named Caape verd Cap. 13. AFter that we had lefte our Promentary on the lefte hande for to kepe our course as right as it was possible making the Southwest a quarter of South almost a whole day but about ten or eleuen of the clocke the winde came contrary the which cast vs on the right hande towardes certayne Ilandes the which are called by our carde Marins Ilandes of Caape verd the which are distant from the Canaries about two hundreth leagues and from the Promentarie sixtie leagues by sea and a hundreth leagues from Budomell in Affrica following the coste of Ginnie towarde the pole Antartike These Ilandes are ten in number of the which there are two wel peopled with Portingals that firste discouered them brought them to their obedience one of them which they haue named S. Iames Iland is better peopled than the rest also thither is made greate trading by the Moores as well of those that inhabite the mayne lande as of the others that sayle to the Indies in Ginnie and of Manycongra in the countrey of Ethiopia This Ilande is distāt from the Equinoctiall lyne fiftene degrées an other likewise named S. Nicolas Ile inhabited as the other the others are not so peopled as Flera Plintana Pintoria and Foyon in the which there are a certayne number of people and slaues sent thither by the Portingals to labor the grounde in some places where they finde it beste and chiefly for to get goate skinnes of the which ther is great store therewith make good trade haue thereof a great vent and therefore the Portingals pass twise or thrise in a yere with ships and munitions leading with them dogs and bringing nets and snares for to chase and hunte wild goates the which after they are skinned they reserue onely the skinnes the which they season with salt and earth in certaine vessels made for that purpose for to kepe them for putrifieng and so they carry them into their countrey and therewith they make their Marokins that are so greately estemed with vs. Also they inhabitants of these Ilands are bound to render or pay for tribut for euery one to the King of Portingall the number of six thousande goates wilde and tame being salted and dried the which they deliuer to those that of the parte or for the Kings behoofe make the voyage with his greate shippes to the Easte Indies as to Calicut and other places passing by these Ilandes and these number of goates are bestowed for their sustenance during the voyage which is two yeres long or more for bicause of the distaunce of places and the greate Nauigation that they muste make Moreouer the ayre in these Ilandes is Pestilent and vnholsome so that the firste Christians that beganne there to inhabit were of a long tyme vexed with sickenesse as well to my Iudgement for the vntemperatnesse of the ayre that in such places cannot be good as also the changing of dyet and of countrey Also the burning Agues are there very familier common to the slaues specially and the bloudy flixe of the which neither the one nor the other procéede not but of humors extreme hot bicause of their continuall trauaile and naughty nourishment also of the hotnesse of the air with the water that is next and therfore they receiue excesse of these two Eliments Of the Torterels and of an herbe that they call Orselie Cap. 14. SEing y t in our Nauigation we are minded to write certaine secretes obserued in places where we haue bene it shal not be hurtful to speak of Torterels that these former Ilands doe norishe in as great quantitie as goates There is found four kind of Torterels of y e land of the sea the third liuing in fresh water the fourthe in marishes Of the which I meane not to speake particularly but only of those that are séene on the sea coastes that compasse these Ilands These kind of Torterels wil leape from the Sea to the shore at his appoynted time making with his clawes a hole in the sande wherein after she hath laid hir egges being of the number of eight paire of the which speaketh Aristotle couereth them so well that it is vnpossible to sée them or to finde them vntill that the floude commeth that vncouereth them then bicause of the extreme heate that is there of the Sunne they engender and open as the Henne of hir egge the which consisteth in greate number of Torterels of the greatnesse of Crabbes which is a kinde of Fishe the which the floud returning beareth into the Sea Among these Torterels there are some of suche a greatnesse specially in these partes whereof I speake that foure men cannot almost beare one as of a truth I haue séene and vnderstanded of men worthy of credence Plinie sheweth that in the Indian Sea there are so great Torterels that the shel is bigge inough to couer a meane house and that at the Ilandes of the red Sea they might make therewith vessels Nauigable The sayde author sayeth also that there are the like at the straight of Carmania in the Persian sea There are many wayes to take them Sometimes this great beast of a desire to swim more easily seketh the vpper parte of the water a little before noone when the day is faire where as hauing the backe bare and vncouered out of the water sodainly their shell is so well dried by the Sunne that they cannot descend to the depth of the sea so that they floote aboue

named in their language Ahouay bearing fruite venomous and mortal the which is of the greatnesse of a little chestnut and it is very poyson specially the nut The men for a light and little cause will giue thereof to their wiues being angred and the women likewise to the men likewise these wicked women when they are with childe if their husbandes haue displeased them they will take in stede of this fruite a certaine hearbe for to make their fruit of their wombe to come before their time this fruite being white with his nut is made like this greke letter Δ Delta and of this fruit the wild men when the nut or kernel is out they make bels and hang them on their legs the which maketh as a great a noyse as the Moris daunsers in our countrey The wilde men wil in no wise giue of this fruite to strangers being fresh gathered likewise they forbid their children in no wise to touch thereof before that the kernell be fallen away This trée in heigth is lyke to our peare trées the leafe of two or thre fingers long and two fingers broade being gréene or springing all the yeare long the barcke is whitishe When there is a braunche cut thereof it rendreth a white iuice or lyquor almost like milk the trée being cut it casteth a maruelous stinking smell therefore the wilde men will put it to no vse not to make therewith fier woode I will forbeare here to set forth the properties of many trées bearing fruites maruelous faire neuerthelesse as much and rather more venemous than this trée of which we speke Furthermore ye must note that the wild men haue these Pages in such honor and reuerence that they worship them or rather do Idolatry to them specially when they returne from any place ye shall sée this people goe before them prostrating them selues and praying them saying Make that I be not sicke that I die not neither I nor my children and such lyke thinges And they wil answer thou shalt not die thou shalt not be sicke and such like If it chaunce that these Pages speake not truthe and that things happen otherwise then they haue predestinated they make no difficultie to kill him or thē as vnworthy of that title and dignitie of Pages euery Village nourisheth of them some one some two or thre according to their greatnesse and when it behoueth to knowe any greate thing they vse certayne ceremonies and deuilishe inuocations the which are made after this maner First is made a newe lodging in the which neuer man before hath dwelled and there within they will reare or make a newe white bedde and cleane according to their maner Then they will cary into the sayde lodging greate quantitie of vittels as Cahouin which is their ordinarie drink made by a virgin of ten or twelue yeres of age lykewise of their foode made of rootes the which they vse in stede of bread So al things being thus prepared the people being assembled doe guyde this their gentle Prophete to this new lodging wheras he shal remaine alone after y t a maide hath giuē him water to wash withal but ye must note before this mysterie he must abstain from his wife the space of nyne dayes being in the house alone and the people gone a little backe he lieth flatt downe on the bed and beginneth to inuocate and call the wicked spirite for the space of an houre and furthermore making his accustomed ceremonyes in such sorte that in the ende of his inuocations the spirite commeth to him hissing and whisteling as they say Others haue shewed me that thys wycked spirite commeth sometymes in the presence of all the people thoughe they sée him not but they heare a fearefull noyse then they crye all with one voyce in their language saying we praye thée to tel the truthe to our Prophete that tarieth for thée there within their intorrogatiōs is of their enimies to knowe who shall haue the victorie with the like answeres that say who shalbe taken and eaten of their enimies who shal be hurte or offended with any wilde beaste or such lyke Some of them among other things shewed me that their Prophet had forshewed our comming They call this spirite Houioulsira this many other things haue Christians affirmed me of that had dwelled there a long tyme. And they neuer take any greate enterprise in hande before they knowe the answere of their Prophete When this mysterie is accomplished the Prophete commeth out who being compassed about with people maketh a long narration vnto them wherein he reherseth al that he hath hearde of this spirite and God knoweth the gréetings rewardes and presentes that are made vnto him The Americans haue not bene the firste that haue practised magike but before them it hath bene common in many nations vntill the comming of our Sauiour Iesus Christe whose presence did efface and ouerthrowe the power of Sathan by the which meanes the deuill sought to begile and deceiue y e world it is not therefore without a cause that it is forbidden by the holy Scripture yea by Gods own mouth Of this Magike we finde two chiefe principal kinds one is in hauing familiar and secrete talke with wicked spirites who openeth sheweth the most secretest things of nature in dede the one is more wickeder than the other but they are bothe naught full of curiositie Why should we seing that by the prouidence of God we haue all things that to vs is necessary and nedefull goe about to seke out the secrets of nature and other things which our Sauiour Iesus Christe hath obserued to him selfe such curiousnesse in vs sheweth an vnperfect Iudgemēt want of faith and true Religion and yet the simple people that beleueth such things is most abused Surely I cannot but maruell specially in a countrey where good and politike lawes are vsed why such filthy and wicked abuses be lefte vnpunished with a companie of olde witches which put hearbes to armes writings about neckes with other mysteries and ceremonies as to heale Feauers and other things which are very Idolatrie and worthy of greuous punishment But at this day such wickednesse may be founde among those that are in Authoritie of which sorte we should haue good counsell and iudgemente but they themselues are firste blinde Therefore it is no maruel if that the simple and ignorant be soone seduced séeing that men of wisdome and grauitie are so blinded O blinded ignorance wherefore serueth the holy Scripture wherefore serueth Lawes other good sciences the which our Sauiour Iesus Christ hath opened and shewed vnto vs if we lyue in errour ignorance as doe these wilde men and more brutish than the very brute beasts Neuerthelesse we wil be estemed to know much make a large profession of vertue And therefore it is not to be marueled at if our elders not knowing the truthe are fallen into errours seking it by all meanes much lesse of

four hūdreth leagues by the said Quartier wheras he foūd the countrey well peopled as well in his second as first Nauigation the people of that countrey is as obediente and as amiable as is possible as familiar as though that alwayes they hadde bene broughte vp together without any signe of yll will or any other rigour And there the sayd Quartier made a certaine hold or castle for to winter him and his likewise for to defend them against the colde weather the which there is very rigorous He was very wel intertained considering the time seson for the inhabitants brought them dayly boates ful of fish as Eeles Lampreys and others like wise fleshe and venison wherof there is great plenty Also they are greate hunters be it either sommer or winter with snares and otherwise they vse a kinde of rackets sette together with cordes of two foote and a halfe of length and one foote broade they were them on their féete in the frost and in the snow chiefly when they go to hunt wild beasts to y e end that in folowing of their chase their féet sinke not into the snow These people ar clad with y e skins of these wild beasts being corried trimmed according to their maner Nowe to take these beasts they wil assēble .x. or .xij. together being weponed with iauelins or boare speares y t are xv or .xvj. foote long and garnished at the ende with the horne of some harte or tooth of some other wild beast the head wherof is at least a foote long the which they vse in steade of yron and Bowes and Arrowes garnished wyth the same Then they follow the footing of the Déere and other wylde beastes in the Snowe the whiche is common all the yeare long and after that they haue founde out their trayne or footyng they wil plant their braunches of Cedre which is gréene there all the yeare long the which they plant in manner of nettes and there they wil hide them being weaponed as before is shewed so that the déere séeing the gréene boughes drawe thytherwarde and then they come forth and cause the déere to quit and forsake that way and enter into the déepe snowes euen vnto the belly where as they can not easily runne nor goe and so by this meanes they are taken and killed and opened in the fieldes and so being wrapt in his skin they drawe him to their houses And after this sort they broughte them to the castle or hold that Iames Quartier did kepe both fleshe and skinne selling them for no other recōpēse than kniues hatchets and other yron tooles Also I will not lette passe one thyng very singular that is when that these people are sicke either of an ague or any other inward disease they take the leaues of a certaine trée which is lyke to a Cedre with the whiche they make a water that they drinke so that there is no disease be it neuer so festred in a mans body but that this drinke will heale within .xxiiij. houres which also Christians haue tried and haue brought the plantes therof into this countrey What religion these Canadians vse with their lyuing and how they resist the cold Ca. 77. THese people in their liuyng and gouerning do not farre differ from the lawe of Nature their matrimonie is that a man may haue two or thrée wiues withoute any other solemnitie as the Americans of whiche we haue alreadie spoken Of their Religion they kéepe no meane nor ceremonie in worshyppyng or praying to God sauyng that they contemplate the newe Moone called in theyr language Osannaha sayeng that Andouagny dothe so call it and then causeth it to spreade by litle and litle Moreouer they doe beleue that there is a Creator more greater than the Sun or the Moone and that hath all vnder his power and it is he whome they call Andouagny and yet they neither knowe what waye to inuocate nor call vpon to praye to him nor to worship him although that in some partes of Canada they worship Idols and wyll haue them sometimes in their lodgings aboue fortie or fiftie the which was shewed me of a truth by a Portingall pylote the which did on a time visite two or thrée villages or hamlettes with the lodgyngs of the inhabitants They beleue that the soule is immortall and that if a man doe euil when he is dead a byrd beareth awaye his soule Contrarywise if that they doe well the soule goeth into a place condecorate wyth goodly faire trees and floures where as there are birds singing melodiously of the which the lord of the countrey of Canada dyd informe vs beyng named Donacoua Aguanna who dyed in Fraunce a good Christian and spake good frenche for he had ben kept there foure yeres And for bicause that I will not be tedious in this historie of these Canadians ye shal note that these people vniuersally are afflicted with continuall colde bycause of the absence of the Sunne as ye may wel vnderstande they inhabite in certaine villages and hamlettes made like to halfe a circle in greatnesse twentie or thirtie paces and ten of breadth couered with barkes of trees some with réedes And God knoweth whether that the colde doth greue them hauing suche yll lodgings yll couered and worse holden vp so that many tymes the pillers with that which vpholdeth the house for the waight of the snowe that most commonly lieth vpon the house falleth down yet notwithstanding this extreme colde they are mightie strong and vnreasonable great trauailers Also all the people that dwell Northe are the lyke some more and some lesse euen as those that dwell towarde the Equinoctiall and south pole are contrary bicause y t the vehement heate of the aire draweth out the naturall heate fo that they are only hot without and cold within the others haue their naturall heate enclosed prouoked to keepe in bicause of y e outward cold which maketh them strong stoute and valiant for the force and facultie of all the parts of the body dependeth of this natural heat The sea that is aboute thys countrey is frosen bicause that it is so farre from the Sun which from the east to the west passeth through the midst of the world And the greater that the naturall heate is the better is a mās appetite and the better doth he brooke and digest meates so that these people towards the north eate more and haue a better stomacke than those in other parts for the which cause oftentimes there is in Canada Famine also for that their fruits rootes and other thinges wherwith they sustaine them is frosen the moste part of the yeare likewise their riuers We haue shewed how that they couer their houses with barkes of trées also they make boates to fish in both for the salt water and the fresh Those of the lande of Labrador their neighbours the which lande was discouered

furthermore that the Neigers hitherwarde are more ciuill and better nurtered than these of Ginney bicause of the great resorte of Marchantes that trade thither also they prouoke others to barter for their golde for things of smal value as kniues glasses and suche like Also the Portingals trade and bargaine with the Mores of Ginney beside other things for Iuorie that we call Eliphants téethe And one among others shewed me that at one time they haue ladē twelue thousand of these téethe among the which there was one found among the other that wayed a hundred pounde waight for as we haue sayd the lande of Ethiopia nourisheth Eliphantes the which they take at the chase as we doe here wilde Boares and so they eate the flesh which many affirme to be very good the which I had rather beleue than taste or to stand disputing thereof I will not therefore in this place stand to reason or set out the vertues and properties of this beast the moste gentlest and approching to humain reason than any other séeing that this beast hathe bene so muche celebrated of our elders and also by those of our time and knowing that Plinie Aristotle many others haue sufficiently treated thereof and of his fleshe the which some say is medicinable and good against the Leprosie The téethe that we call Iuorie dothe comfort the heart and the stomake and it wil also helpe with all his substance the parte or belly of the mother I will not therefore wryte that which they haue written for that it is not to our purpose Neuerthelesse I will not leaue to speake that which I haue sene the which is if that they can get any yong Eliphantes they teache them many prety knackes For this beast is very apt and of a good vnderstanding Of the Equinoctiall line and of the Ilandes of S. Omer Cap. 18. LEauing therefore this parte of Gynney on our lefte hande after we had stayed there but a while for the infection of the aire as we haue before shewed we kept our course coasting alwayes to the height of the Caape of Palmes and of that which is called the thrée poyntes where as runneth a faire Riuer able to beare great shippes by the reason whereof there is good trade all ouer the Countrey and the which beareth golde and siluer aboundantly in lumpes and therefore the Portingalles haue landed there and being in fauoure with the Inhabitantes they haue builded there a faire Castle the which they haue named the Mine Castle And not w tout a cause for their Golde is without comparison more finer than that of Calicute or of India America It is on this side the Equinoctiall about thrée degrées and a halfe There is founde a riuer that commeth from the Mountaines of the Countrey named Cania and another more lesser named Rhegium the which beareth or bringeth very good Fishe also Cocodrils very daungerous as Nylle and Senega and they eate them as we doe Venson I will not forget what was shewed me to haue bene sene neare to the Mine Castle a sea monster hauing the shape of a man that the floud had left on the shore the which was heard crie In like case the female came with the next floud crying aloud and sorowing for the absence of hir make the which is a wonderfull and straunge thing By this may be knowen that the Sea doeth nourish and bring forthe diuers and straunge kinde of monsters as well as the land Being now by our iourneys come euen vnder the Equinoctiall I minde not to passe any further without noting somewhat This line Equinoctiall or Circle Equinoctiall or else Equator is a trace imagined of the Sunne by the midst of the world the which deuideth in two equall partes two times the yeare that is to wit the fourth of September and theleuenth of March and then the Sunne passeth directly by the Zenithe of the earth and leaueth vs this imagined Circle equall to the Tropicks others that may be iudged betwene the two Poles the Sunne going from the East to the West it is true that the sunne goeth al the yeare by the Ecliptike to the Zodiake sauing on the dayes aboue named standeth directly ouer them that inhabit there Furthermore they haue right course without y e one of the Poles be more erected than the other the day the night are to thē equall therefore they were named Equinoctiall and according as the Sunne doth depart from the one to y e other Pole there is vnequalities of dayes and nights and eleuation of the Pole Then the Sunne declining by litle and litle from this point Equinoctial goeth by his Zodiake almost to the Tropike of Capricorn and passing no farther causeth the Solstice of winter then returning passeth by the sayd Equinoctiall till that he come to the signe of Cancer whereas is the Solstice of Sommer therefore he maketh vj. signes parting from the Equinoctiall to eche one of these Tropikes The elders haue estéemed this countrey or Zone among the Tropikes to be vnhabitable bicause of the extreme heate as those that are neare to the two Poles bicause of the colde Neuerthelesse within these few yeares this Zone hath bene discouered by Nauigations and inhabited for that it was found frutefull and abounding in many good things notwithstanding the heat as the Ilandes of S. Omer and others of the which we will speake hereafter Some vnder this line cōparing the coldnesse of the night with the heate of the day haue taken this argument that in that respect there might be good temperatenesse biside many other reasons y t I omit for this present The heat that is there séemed to me no hotter than it is here at Midsomer Furthermore there is much tempest thunder lightnings and raines therfore at the Ilands of S. Omer as also in a nother Iland named the Ile of Rats there is as much verdure or grenenesse as is possible These Ilands vnder the Equinoctiall line are marked in our cardes Marins S. Omer or S. Thomas inhabited at this day by Portingals although that they be not so frutefull as certain others Also there is gathered a certain suger but they trade with the Barbarians and Ethiopians Golde molten Pearles Muske Rhubarbe Beastes Byrdes and other things according to the countrey Also in these Ilandes the seasons and times are vnequall and differing from other countries the people more subiect to sicknesse than they of the North part the which difference vnequalitie commeth of the Sunne the which sheweth his qualities by the ayre being betwene him and vs. It passeth as euery one knoweth two times the yere customably thereby and then y e Equinoctial descrieth him in the monthes of Marche and September About this lyne is founde such abundance of fishes of sundry diuers kindes that it is a maruelous and a wōderful thing to sée them aboue water and I haue heard them make such a

of the shels of Torterels A historie of a Portingal gentleman A Portingall healed of the Leprosie Orselie a herbe The Ile of fire and why it was so named The Hill Pusola Lib. 2. cap. 106. The spreading of Ethiopia Senega floud in times past named Nigritis The description of Ethiopia Miroa an Ilande The realme of Etabecke and Ickthiophages The loue of the Anthropophages towards their King Meroa the chief towne of Ethiopia aunciently named Saba Why the Ethiopians and other are black Indians and Ethiopians vse Magique The Inhabitants of Ginney to the Cape of good hope are all Idolaters Castor and Pollux called the bright starres and lanternes of the sea The maners and order of liuing of those of Ginney The aire of Ginney is vnholesome Maniguetta a fruit much estemed among spices The trade of Iuorie Eliphāt a beast approching to humain reson A riuer or flud bearing Mines of golde and siluer Cania and Rhegium riuers Two sea mōsters like to man and wife The description of the Equinoctiall line From whence commeth the name Equinoctiall The temperatenesse of the aire vnder the Equinoctiall line The Ile of S. Omer or of S. Thomas Abundance of diuers fishes vnder the lyne The sea water is sweet vnder the Equinoctiall Man hath great desire to knewe and se things The opinion of many Philosophers that say all the world is not inhabited Fiue Zones by the which the worlde is measured The cold zone The temperat Zone Zone Torida Another temperat zone Another colde zone The zone Torida and hills Hyperbores are inhabited The zone Torida more cōmodious and wholesom thā the others Marsouin and why it is so named A foūtaine that sheweth fish lyke golde Aristotle and Plinie of the Dorade Lib. 6. cap. 16. The descriptiō of the Dorade Dorade the fish hath bene greatly estemed in tymes paste among the Romaines Among these Dorades those were most set by that were brought from Tarenta being made fat at the lake Licryn as witnesseth Martiall in the thirde boke of his Epigrams The Ile of the Ascention an why it was s named Diuers kinds of strāge birds and in great number Aponars birdes Caape of good hast Ile of Aponards and why it is so named The Ile of thascention not yet inhabited as many others India Meridionall Caape of good hope why it is called Lyon of the sea Rhinoceros or beasts of Ethiopia The spreading of East India Sea Indique A signe to the Nauigants that they drewe neere to America The hills of Croistmourō Maqueh Caape de Fria Gekan The maner of these Barbaroꝰ men is to eate their enimies The fruitfulnesse of the Ile of S. Laurence Chicorin a fruit that we name nuts of India The Ile of Prince Seuen sortes of Palme trees in the Indies of America Spagnin a kind of herbe Pa a straunge birde The Asse of India Orix Gray Amber very cordiall Caape Defria Cahonin a drinke in America The superstition of these Indians in making this drinke A Riuer of salt water Birdes with diuers coloured fethers A gown made of fethers brought from America Arat a red bird Ganabara so called bicause of the likenesse to the lake Manihot a rote that the wilde men vse to eate A pleasant and comfortable Iland in the which the Lord of Villegagnon fortified him selfe A rocke from whence procedeth a lake Oysters hauing pearles The maner of these wild mē to take fish Panapana a kinde of fish A kinde of thornebacke Ineuonea Trees bering oysters America not known of the Cosmographers in times past Americus Vespucia did first finde out America The lying of America What the inhabitants of America are America is a very fruitfull countrey What parte of America is inhabited by the Spaniards and Portingals The Religion of the Americans Toupan Hetich rootes Charaiba America first discouered in the yere 1497 The Canibals are a people that liue with humaine flesh HoWe these Americās liue Adamians a kinde of heretikes that maintained nakednesse The opiniō of the Turlupins and the Philosophers of Ciniques cōcerning nakednesse Iulius Ca●●● did weare a cap against the order of the Romaines The stature and naturall coloure of the Americanes The wilde me liue without lawes The Americanes detest and abhorre salte meates The Lezard of America How these Americans kepe silence at their meat Auaty a drink The more delicate a man is nourished the lesse strength he hath A kinde of herbe that cutteth like steele A monstrous forme of a childe couered with scales Abantes a people in Asia The maner of the Athenians Genipat a tree and the fruite The maner how to make colour of this tree Genipat The maner of these wild mē to colour their bodies Vsub a kinde of Gumme An other tree named Genipat Petun an herb and howe it is vsed A fountaine at Lyncestis and his propertie The discription of a tre named Paquouere Pacoua the fruit A dead Cocodrill Iacareabson A stone of the coloure of an Emerauld Why the Americanes are tormented of wicked sprites Aguan a euill sprite in their language Grigri The opinion of the wilde men as touching their naturall dreames Pages Prophets Pages or Charaibes What these pages and Charaibes are and of their deceit The ceremonies of these Prophetes to cal vpon the wicked spirit What the intorrogations are that they make to the wicked spirit Houioulsira Two kindes of Magike Against those that beleue sorceries and witchcraftes Thurgia a dānable Magike Zabulus Which is the right Magike What Magus in the Persian tōg signifieth Zalmoxis Zorastria Cherepicouare The opinion of the wilde men on the immortalitie of the soule Pindahouson a King in the wilde coūtrey This Toupan is to be vnderstanded the almighty God The superstition of the wilde men Hairi a tree Hornebeame a tree The buckler that they vse The cause why the wilde men fight one against another The wilde mē obstinate and couragious The custome of the Americans is to eate their enimies A prouerbe The inhabitants of Morpion are enimies to those of Ianaria Almadies made of the barcke of a tree The superstition of the men in taking of the barks of the trees A foolish opinion of the wild men and of the Turkes and Moores Drummes Flutes other Instrumentes do stir vp the spirites How they intreate their prisoners The wilde men feare not death How the women and maiden prisoners are intreated Cerimonies against the execution of their prisoners Cahouin a drinke The Canibals are mortall enimies to the Spanyardes Vengeance is defended to Christians A history of a Portingall being prisoner to the wildemen The faithfulnesse of the wilde men but not to Christians How they of America do marry The deflouring of maids before they be maried A defēce made by the Lord of Villegagnon that the Frēch men shold not acquaint them selues wyth the wilde women The auncient custome of the Lydians Armenians and the inhabitants of Cypris The wyld mē haue many wiues The maner of the wilde men to burye the dead

brutish beasts are disposed to mock they wil put their tōgues out of these holes the women maidens are not so disformed In dede they haue hanging at their eares prety litle stones and shels that they haue in the sea also bracelets of certaine shels They esteme much litle beades of glasse y t the frenchmen haue caried thither Bicause of their disformitie chaunging of their naturall colour these men women are for the most part black for that they colour themselues with colours that they make of y e fruit of trées as we haue before shewed they colour one an other The women they colour deck the men we do not read that other natiōs haue done the like We finde that the Scythians going to the funerals of their friends did painte their faces with black The women of Turkey do paint their nailes with coloures red blew thinking by this to be more fairer but not y e rest of their body I wil not here forget y t these women of America do not only paint their childrēs faces with black but also their bodies and that with diuers colours specially of one colour like to a vernishing y t which colour wil continue the space of .iiij. dayes with y e same colour the womē paint their legs so y t for to loke a far of you wold iudge them to be hosed with fine black kersey Of visions dreames and illusions that these Americans haue and of the persecution that they receiue of wicked spirites Cap. 35. IT is a wonderful thing that these pore men although they be not reasonable for y t they are depriued frō the right vse of reasō and from the knowledge of God are subiect to many fantastical illusions persecutiōs of wicked spirites We haue said that before the cōming of our sauior Iesus Christ we wer in like maner vexed for the deuil studieth onely to seducte that creature that hath no knowledge of God Euen so these pore Americanes do oftentimes sée a wicked spirite sometimes in one forme sometimes in an other the which they name in their lāguage Agnan the which spirit persecuteth them day and night not onely their soule but also their body beating them and doing them much iniury so that you shal hear them make a pitiful cry saying in their lāguage if there be any christian by or neare séest thou not Agnan y e beateth me defend me if thou wilt that I shal serue thée and cut thy wood for many times they wil trauail to the Brasel wood for a smal reward Therfore in y e night they wil not goe out of their cabens or houses without bearing fire with them the which they say is a soueraine defence and remedy against their ennimie And I thought that it had bene a Fable when it was shewed me first but I haue séene by experience this wicked spirite to be driuen out by a christian in inuocating naming Iesus Christ Also the people of Ginney of Canada are likewise tormēted chiefly in the woods wheras they haue many visions and they call this sprite in their lāguage Grigri Furthermore these wilde men of America being this disprouided of reason and of the knowledge of veritie are easie to fal into many foolish errors They note obserue their dreames diligently thinking that al that they haue dreamed should sodainly come to passe If they haue dreamed that they shall haue victorie of their enimies or to be vanquished and ouercome you shall not persuade them the contrary but they beleue it assuredly as we doe the Gospel Of a truthe there be Phylosophers which holde opinion that some dremes wil naturally come to passe according to the humors that raigne or other dispositions of y e body as to dreame of fire water black things suche like But to beleue and affirme the other dreames as those of these Americans it is a thing impertinent contrary to the true religion of Iesus Christ and to my iudgemēt so are al other Macrobius in the dreme of Scipion saith that some dreames come to passe happen bicause of the vanitie of y e dreamers Other dreames come of things that we haue too much apprehended Others beside our Americanes do giue creadit to dreames as the Lacedemonians the Persians certaine others These wilde men haue an other straunge opinion which is an abuse they estéeme some among thē to be very Prophets whome they name in their lāguage Pages to whome they declare their dreames the others do interprete them they hold opinion that they tel truthe These may be cōpared to Philon the first interpreter of dreames to Trogus Pompeius that therein was very excellent I might here bring in many things of dreames diuinations and what dreames are true or no. Likewise of their kinds the causes therof as we haue bene instructed of our elders But for that it is repugnant to our religion and for that defence is made to giue therto any credit we wil leaue it and leane only to the holy scripture and to that which is commaunded vs therfore I wil speake therof no more but sure I am that for one y t hitteth right there are a numbre contrary Let vs returne to our wild men of America they beare greate reuerence to these Prophetes otherwise named Pages or Charaibes which is to say halfe Gods and they are truely idolaters euen as were the ancient Gentiles Of false Prophetes and Magicians that are in this countrey of America the which inuocate and cal vpon wicked spirites and of a tree named Ahouai Cap. 36. THis people being so far from the truthe beside the persecution that they receiue of wicked spirits their errours and dreames yet are they so far out of reason that they worship the deuill by the meane of some of his mynisters named Pages of the which sorte we haue spoken already These Pages or Charaibes are men of a wicked lyfe the which are giuen to serue the diuel for to deceiue their neighbors Such deceiuers for to coloure their wickednesse and to be estemed honorable among others remayne not continually in one place but they are vacabunds wandering here and there through the woodes and other places and returning with others at certayne houres making them beleue that they haue cōferred and counseled with the sprits for publike affaires and that they must do so and so or that this or that shall happen and then they are receiued and intertayned honorably being nourished and intertayned for this their doing and they esteme them selues happie that may remayne in their fauor and good grace and giue or offer to them some presente Likewise if it happen that any of them haue indignation or quarrell against his neighbor they come to these Pages to the ende that they mare dye with poyson him or them to whom they will euil Among other things they helpe themselues with a trée

layde on their beddes sorowfull others sittyng downe with their bare buttockes on the grounde imbracyng one an other saying in their language Our father and friend was so good a man so valiant in the warres that hath caused many of oure enimies to dye hée was strong and myghtie he laboured so wel and dressed our gardens he caught beastes foules and fishes for our sustenāce alas he is deade we shall sée hym no more but after we bée deade wyth oure friendes in the countreys where oure Pages saye they haue séene them wyth many suche lyke wordes the which they will repete aboue ten thousande tymes continually day and night for the space of foure or fiue howers not ceassyng to lament The chyldren of the deceassed a moneth after these mournyngs wyll desire their friendes to make some feast or solemnitie for hys honure And there they will come together paynted with diuers colours decked wyth fethers and otherwise after their manner makyng a thousande ceremonies and passetymes wyth daunces playes tabour playing with Flutes made of the armes and legges of theyr enimies and other instrumentes after the maner of their countrey The others as the auncient sorte all the day long will not ceasse to drinke without eating of any thing and they are serued by the women and kinrede of the deceased the which their doings is as I am aduised to stirre vp the heartes of yong children and to moue and prouoke them to warre makyng them bolde against their enimies The Romanes vsed almost the lyke maner for after the decease of any Citizen that had greatly trauailed for the cōmon wealth they made playes pompes and funeral songs to the praise and honour of the dead man Likewise to gyue example to the yonger sorte for to imploy their myghte for the libertie of their countrey Plinie sayth that one named Lycaon was the inuenter of such thyngs Also the Argiues a people of Grecia in memoriall of the furious Lion ouercome by Hercules they made playes and games And Alexander the great after that he had seene the sepulchre of the worthy and valiant Hector in memorie of his worthynesse commaunded yea hée him selfe dyd make many gamboldes and solemnities Here myght I reherse or bring in many histories how the elders in times past haue diuersly obserued funeral rites accordyng to the diuersitie of places but for that I will not be tedious vnto you I omit it it shall suffise at this present to knowe the custome of these wilde men for bicause that as well the elders in times paste as also those of oure time haue made many excesse bankettes in their funerall pompes more for a vaine and worldely glorie than otherwise but to the contrary ye must vnderstande that those that are made to the honour of the deceased and for respecte of hys soule is cōmendable declaring hym by this meanes immortall and foreshewyng the Resurrection to come Of Mortugabes and of the charitie that they vse toward straungers Cap. 44. SEing that our argument is now of the sauage men we will saye somewhat of their order and liuyng In their countrey there is neither towne nor Castell of any greatnesse sauing those that the Portingals and other Christians haue edified for their cōmoditie the houses wherein they dwell are litle lodgyngs the which they name in theyr language Mortuga●es assembled by hamlettes or villages suche as we sée in some places here These lodgyngs are of two or thre hundred paces long and of bredthe twentie paces or thereaboutes buylded of woodde and couered wyth palme leaues layde on so trimmely as possible may bée Euery lodgyng hathe fayre coueryngs but they are so low that one muste stoupe to goe in as he wold do at a wicket in euery one there is many roomes and euery one for hym selfe and his familie thrée fadome of length This I fynd much more tollerable and lesse grieuous than of the Arabians and Tartarians that neuer buylde nor edifie a place for to remain and dwel in but they stray about here and there like vagabundes neuerthelesse they gouerne them selues by certain lawes but our wylde men haue none but onely as Nature dothe gouerne them Nowe therefore these wylde men in these little houses are many housholdes together in the middest of which theyr beddes ar hanged euery one in his quarter vnto pyllers mighty strong and square the which beds are made of good Cotton woll for thereof they haue greate plentye the whiche a trée beareth béeyng of the height of a man lyke vnto greate Buttons or Akornes but neuerthelesse they differ from those of Cypris Malta and Syria The sayd beddes are not thicker than a linnen clothe of this countrey and they lyde downe therin all naked as they are accustomed This bedde in theyr language is called Iny and the Cotton wherewith it is made Manigot On both the sides of the bed of him that is maister of the houshold the wiues make hym fire day and nyght for the nights are somewhat cold Euery housholde kéepeth and layeth vp in store a kynde of fruite greate as an Estrige egge the which is of the colour of our Cucumbers that wée haue here in Englande being fashioned like a bottell pierced at bothe endes passyng through the middest a stycke of Hornebeame a foote and a halfe long one of the endes beyng planted in the earth or ground the other ende is decked wyth faire feathers of a byrde named Arat that is altogether red the whiche thyng they haue in such honor and reputation as if it dyd merite no lesse And they take this to bée theyr Toupan For when their Prophetes come towards them they make that to speake that is within them knowing by this meanes the secrets of their enimies and as they say they know heare newes of the soules of their friendes deceased This people aboute their houses norish bring vp no domestical beasts sauing certain hennes cocks which are very rare scant and they ar but in certain places wheras the Portingals haue first brought them for before they had no intelligence of them neuerthelesse they set so litle store by them that for a litle knife ye shall haue two hennes the women for no good will eate of them takyng great displeasure when they sée a Christian eat at one repast foure or fiue hennes egs the which they name Arignane thinking that for euery egge they eate a henne the whiche woulde suffise to repast two men besides this they nourish and bring vp Popingays the which they change in trading with the Christians for small yron tooles As for golde and siluer they vse none They hauing on a time amōg thē taken a Portingale ship where there was a great number of pieces of siluer that was brought from Morpion they gaue al to a Frenchmā for four hatchets and certaine litle kniues the which they esteme very muche and not without a cause for they are

necessarie to cut their woodde the which before they were constrained to cutte with stones or to sette a fyre the trées for to beate them downe and for to make their bowes and arrowes they vse no other thing Moreouer they are very charitable and as much as their lawe of Nature dothe permit them Those things that they receyue of Christians they sette much store by but of suche commodities as groweth in their countrey as sustenance beastes fruites and fishe they are very liberall for they haue little other thyng not onely to vs and among them selues but also to any other nation prouided that they be not their enimies For so soone as they shal sée any a farre off enter into theyr countrey they will present vnto them victualls lodgyng and a mayde for his seruice as we haue before shewed Also agaynste thys pylgryme or straunger the women and maydens wyll come and then they wyll sytte downe and crie and wéepe for ioye the which if thou wylt endure casting out teares they wyl say in their language Thou art welcome thou arte of our best friendes thou hast taken great paines to come and visite vs and many other gréetings Also the father and chiefe of the familie shalbe in their beds wéeping euen as the women If they iorney thirtie or fortie leagues be it by water or land they liue common together if one haue and others want he shall distribute to the néedeful the like do they to strangers And moreouer this people are curious of new things and wondreth according to the prouerbe Ignorance is the mother of wonder but yet for to get from a stranger that thing that he fansieth they can so wel flatter that it is hard to say them nay First the men when any doth visite them in their lodgyngs or cabans after they haue saluted them they will drawe nere to you with such familiaritie and assurance that they will streight ways take your cappe or hatte and putting it on their heads one after an other they will beholde and wonder at them selues hauyng opinion to be the fairest others will take youre dagger sworde or other knife if ye haue any and therewith will with wordes and iestes threaten their ennimies And to be shorte they will rifle you and ye must refuse them nothing for if ye doe ye shall neither haue grace fauour seruice loue nor friendship in déede when they haue rifled ye they will restore and giue you againe youre trinkettes as much will the women and maidens doe being muche greater flatterers than the men and alwayes for to get to them some thyng this is of a truthe that they will be contented with a trifle they wil come to you euen with the like grace as doe the men with some fruites or other things of small value with the which they vse to make presentes saying in their language Agatouren which is as muche to say howe good thou arte by a manner of flatterie Fory asse pia shewe me suche thyngs as thou haste being very desirous of newe things as little glasses litle heades of glasse Also ye shal haue following of you a companie of yong children and they will aske in their language Hamaba pinda Giue vs some fishe hookes the which they vse to take litle fishe with And they are well instructed in this terme before sayde Agatouren Thou arte good if ye giue them that which they demaund otherwise with a frowarde looke they will saye to ye Hippochi goe thou arte naught Daganaiepa aionga thou muste be killed with other threatnings and iniuries but they wil not giue any thing vnlesse ye giue them besides this they will marke ye and knowe ye again for the deniall that you haue made them The description of a sicknesse named Pians to the which are subiect these people of America as well in the Ilandes as the maine land Ca. 45. KNowing wel y t there is nothing not frō the earth vnto y e first heauen what making or proportion so it hath but that is subiect to chaunging and alteration the aire then that compasseth vs béeing not simplie an aire but made and composed is not alwais like in all times nor in all places but nowe of one fashion incontinent of an other And for that all diseases as oure Phisitians shewe vs come or happen either of the aire or of the maner of mens liuing I am determined to write and set out here a sicknesse or disease verie rife and common in these countreys of America and of the West discouered in our time Now this sickenesse named pians by the people of the countrey cōmeth not of the corruption of the aire for it is there verie good tēperat which sheweth by expeence the fruites that the earth bringeth forth with the benefite of the aire without y e which nothing is made bee it of Nature or artificiall Also that the sycknesse procéedyng of the corruption of the ayre hurteth as aswell the yong as the olde the ryche as well as the poore notwithstandyng the internall or inwarde disposition Therefore it muste néedes bée that it procéedeth of some misgouernement as to much carnall and fleshely frequentation the man with the woman considering that thys people is very lecherous carnal and more than brutishe specially the women for they do seeke and practise all the meanes to moue man to lust This sickenesse is no other thyng than the pocks that raigneth and hath power ouer all Europe specially among the Frenchemen For of vs it is named the Frenche pockes the whych disease as the Frenchmen wright was first taken at a voyage into Naples and thether it was broughte by the Spanyardes from the West Indies For before it was discouered and made subiecte to the Spanyardes there was no mention therof It is not onely here in Europe but also in Grecia in Asia and in Affrica Well let vs returne vnto the wylde mens euyll and to the remedies that they doe vse therefore Nowe this euill taketh the parties as well wilde men as Christians that are there by contagion or touching euen as the pockes dothe in the realme of Fraunce Also it hath the like Symptomes and it is so daungerous that if it be waxen old it is harde and daungerous to heale for sometimes it dothe afflict them euen to the death As for the Christians whiche doe inhabite in the lande of America if they couple them selues with the women they shall neuer bée rid of the same but shall fall into the daunger thereof muche more sooner than they of the countrey For the curing of this disease likewise for a certain alteration that oftentymes commeth wyth this euill they make a certaine decoction of the barke of a trée named in their language Hiuourahe of the which they drincke more easier to cure than with our medicine and they are more easier to be healed than others to my iudgement for their temperatenesse and complection which are not