Selected quad for the lemma: cause_n
Text snippets containing the quad
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A69248
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The elements of logick by Peter Du Moulin. Translated out of the French copie by Nathanael De-lavvne, Bachelour of Arts in Cambridge. With the authors approbation; Elementa logica. English
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Du Moulin, Pierre, 1568-1658.; De Lawne, Nathaniel.
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1624
(1624)
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STC 7323; ESTC S111073
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60,322
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228
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and_o more_o probable_a be_v not_o much_o less_o shall_v that_o be_v which_o be_v less_o probable_a and_o possible_a the_o conclusion_n of_o such_o argument_n must_v always_o be_v negative_a last_o probable_a 3._o less_o probable_a we_o may_v prove_v a_o thing_n in_o question_n by_o bring_v in_o another_o thing_n that_o be_v less_o probable_a say_v thus_o if_o a_o thing_n less_o probable_a and_o hard_a to_o be_v believe_v be_v notwithstanding_o or_o have_v be_v much_o more_o ought_v we_o to_o believe_v that_o which_o be_v more_o probable_a and_o easy_a to_o be_v do_v so_o if_o one_o at_o twelve_o year_n of_o age_n can_v carry_v a_o weight_n of_o a_o hundred_o pound_n by_o a_o strong_a reason_n one_o may_v carry_v the_o same_o weight_n at_o the_o age_n of_o twenty_o year_n and_o if_o alexander_n take_v tyre_n much_o more_o easy_o may_v he_o have_v take_v jerusalem_n which_o be_v weak_a than_o tyre_n if_o he_o have_v besiege_v it_o this_o be_v call_v argue_v from_o the_o less_o probable_a to_o the_o great_a ground_v upon_o this_o maxim_n maxim_n maxim_n if_o that_o which_o be_v less_o probable_a and_o less_o possible_a may_v be_v much_o more_o shall_v that_o be_v which_o be_v more_o probable_a and_o more_o possible_a the_o conclusion_n of_o such_o argument_n must_v always_o be_v affirmative_a we_o must_v wary_o distinguish_v between_o the_o greatness_n of_o the_o thing_n and_o the_o greatness_n of_o the_o probability_n for_o great_a thing_n be_v oft_o less_o probable_a and_o more_o difficult_a for_o it_o be_v no_o good_a argument_n to_o say_v thus_o if_o bird_n can_v fly_v how_o much_o more_o bull_n and_o if_o a_o thread_n can_v go_v through_o the_o eye_n of_o a_o needle_n how_o much_o more_o a_o cable_n and_o if_o michael_n angel_n can_v paint_v very_o excellent_o how_o much_o more_o the_o emperor_n charles_n the_o five_o the_o seventeen_o chapter_n of_o testimony_n testimony_n be_v often_o use_v to_o argue_v and_o prove_v a_o thing_n testimony_n be_v of_o force_n and_o do_v persuade_v when_o they_o be_v such_o as_o may_v not_o be_v deny_v by_o reason_n of_o the_o quality_n authority_n sufficiency_n or_o multitude_n of_o person_n testimony_n be_v either_o divine_a or_o humane_a divine_a testimony_n be_v oracle_n and_o all_o that_o be_v call_v the_o word_n of_o god_n likewise_o dream_n vision_n miracle_n be_v they_o true_a or_o false_a if_o they_o be_v deliver_v as_o true_a also_o rule_v to_o live_v well_o derive_v from_o nature_n humane_a testimony_n if_o the_o question_n be_v about_o matter_n of_o right_n be_v humane_a law_n custom_n the_o testimony_n of_o ancestor_n or_o such_o as_o be_v skilful_a in_o their_o own_o art_n the_o consent_n of_o nation_n but_o if_o the_o question_n be_v of_o fact_n then_o be_v to_o be_v produce_v schedule_n acquittance_n confession_n eye_n or_o ear_n witness_n such_o witness_n maxim_n maxim_n as_o do_v not_o affirm_v or_o deny_v a_o thing_n to_o be_v or_o not_o to_o be_v be_v of_o no_o force_n for_o there_o be_v a_o great_a difference_n between_o these_o two_o say_n god_n say_v not_o that_o such_o a_o thing_n be_v and_o god_n say_v that_o such_o a_o thing_n be_v not_o the_o latter_a be_v a_o good_a proof_n but_o the_o former_a have_v no_o consequence_n or_o sequel_n and_o likewise_o this_o proof_n be_v of_o no_o effect_n aristotle_n have_v not_o say_v so_o therefore_o it_o be_v not_o so_o or_o the_o word_n of_o god_n say_v not_o that_o man_n be_v a_o reasonable_a creature_n and_o therefore_o man_n be_v not_o a_o reasonable_a creature_n notwithstanding_o if_o it_o be_v a_o thing_n which_o can_v be_v know_v but_o by_o the_o testimony_n of_o one_o alone_a than_o this_o kind_n of_o argue_v be_v good_a and_o firm_a such_o a_o one_o say_v not_o â—o_o and_o therefore_o you_o can_v maintain_v that_o it_o be_v so_o for_o example_n if_o we_o have_v no_o knowledge_n of_o china_n but_o by_o the_o report_n of_o one_o man_n only_o whosoever_o will_v affirm_v any_o thing_n without_o the_o warrant_n of_o such_o a_o one_o without_o question_n will_v be_v prove_v a_o liar_n or_o iâ—_n he_o speak_v the_o truth_n it_o be_v but_o by_o chance_n and_o not_o know_v himself_o whether_o he_o speak_v true_a or_o no._n so_o likewise_o see_v that_o nothing_o that_o be_v necessary_a to_o salvation_n can_v be_v know_v without_o warrant_n from_o the_o word_n of_o god_n whosoever_o in_o thing_n necessary_a to_o salvation_n affirm_v any_o thing_n not_o contain_v in_o the_o say_a word_n of_o god_n ought_v not_o to_o be_v believe_v &_o affirm_v that_o which_o he_o know_v not_o the_o eighteen_o chapter_n of_o the_o use_n or_o practice_n of_o the_o precedent_a doctrine_n this_o doctrine_n contain_v in_o the_o sixteen_o precedent_a chapter_n be_v call_v the_o doctrine_n of_o place_n because_o it_o show_v the_o place_n whence_o matter_n be_v draw_v for_o argument_n and_o furniture_n for_o proof_n for_o example_n if_o we_o undertake_v to_o prove_v that_o death_n be_v not_o to_o be_v fear_v of_o a_o virtuous_a man_n we_o must_v run_v over_o these_o sixteen_o place_n and_o take_v notice_n of_o such_o as_o will_v best_o furnish_v we_o with_o matter_n to_o make_v this_o plain_a we_o will_v run_v over_o the_o say_a place_n and_o apply_v they_o to_o this_o example_n the_o genus_fw-la of_o death_n death_n be_v the_o end_n of_o man_n life_n now_o the_o end_n be_v to_o be_v desire_v when_o it_o be_v not_o only_o the_o end_n but_o also_o the_o scope_n that_o we_o must_v aim_v at_o such_o be_v death_n unto_o which_o a_o wise_a man_n ought_v to_o prepare_v himself_o every_o day_n as_o be_v the_o end_n of_o his_o hope_n the_o difference_n this_o death_n come_v by_o the_o separation_n of_o the_o soul_n from_o the_o body_n now_o we_o must_v not_o fear_v the_o separation_n of_o such_o thing_n as_o be_v join_v do_v hurt_v one_o another_o the_o soul_n consume_v the_o body_n with_o care_n like_v unto_o a_o knife_n that_o cut_v its_o sheath_n the_o body_n be_v to_o the_o soul_n as_o a_o burden_n or_o a_o prison_n god_n separate_v they_o to_o rejoine_v they_o again_o in_o a_o better_a estate_n and_o condition_n the_o species_n there_o be_v two_o kind_n of_o death_n the_o one_o natural_a cause_v through_o age_n the_o other_o violent_a which_o happen_v by_o sickness_n or_o when_o a_o man_n be_v kill_v philosopher_n say_v that_o death_n which_o come_v through_o age_n be_v without_o pain_n because_o it_o be_v without_o combat_n or_o resistance_n and_o who_o will_v live_v when_o all_o his_o strength_n be_v spend_v violent_a death_n be_v not_o also_o to_o be_v fear_v of_o a_o virtuous_a man_n for_o what_o matter_n be_v it_o whether_o i_o die_v of_o a_o ague_n or_o by_o the_o sword_n whether_o by_o the_o distemper_n of_o humour_n or_o by_o the_o distemper_n or_o commotion_n of_o people_n whether_o i_o yield_v up_o my_o soul_n by_o the_o mouth_n or_o by_o a_o wound_n so_o it_o may_v go_v to_o god_n the_o property_n and_o accident_n of_o death_n death_n make_v all_o alike_o both_o great_a and_o small_a it_o dismask_v and_o discover_v thought_n then_o dissimulation_n have_v no_o more_o place_n the_o word_n of_o the_o die_a be_v serious_a and_o of_o great_a weight_n their_o prayer_n be_v fervent_a their_o confession_n humble_a their_o admonition_n to_o their_o child_n be_v receive_v with_o attention_n the_o spirit_n of_o god_n comfort_v they_o within_o the_o angel_n guard_n and_o assist_v they_o without_o and_o jesus_n christ_n reach_v they_o out_o the_o crown_n of_o thing_n conjoin_v with_o death_n if_o we_o must_v not_o bewail_v the_o dead_a why_o shall_v we_o then_o fear_v death_n the_o cause_n of_o death_n the_o efficient_a cause_n of_o death_n be_v the_o will_n of_o god_n which_o we_o be_v better_a to_o yield_v unto_o willing_o then_o by_o compulsion_n why_o shall_v we_o resist_v god_n will_n see_v it_o be_v just_a and_o inevitable_a again_o the_o law_n of_o nature_n under_o the_o which_o we_o be_v bear_v be_v the_o cause_n of_o death_n plead_v not_o therefore_o against_o your_o own_o hand_n write_v will_v thou_o have_v the_o law_n of_o the_o world_n change_v for_o thou_o the_o final_a cause_n of_o death_n in_o regard_n of_o the_o world_n be_v that_o we_o may_v give_v place_n one_o to_o another_o thy_o father_n have_v give_v place_n to_o thou_o give_v thou_o place_n to_o thy_o child_n the_o final_a cause_n of_o death_n in_o regard_n of_o every_o virtuous_a man_n be_v to_o put_v a_o end_n to_o all_o his_o misery_n and_o to_o bring_v he_o home_o to_o god_n for_o all_o these_o cause_n of_o death_n a_o virtuous_a man_n ought_v not_o to_o fear_v it_o cause_n wherefore_o a_o thing_n ought_v not_o to_o be_v feaâ—ed_v a_o thing_n be_v not_o to_o be_v fear_v first_o if_o it_o be_v inevitable_a second_o
their_o truth_n sometime_o the_o efficient_a and_o final_a cause_n be_v link_v together_o with_o a_o long_a chain_n as_o under_o the_o aequator_fw-la the_o air_n be_v very_o hot_a because_o it_o be_v very_o subtle_a the_o air_n be_v very_o subtle_a because_o the_o sun_n do_v rarefie_v it_o very_o much_o the_o sun_n rarefy_v the_o air_n because_o the_o beam_n fall_v in_o right_a angle_n the_o beam_n fall_v in_o right_a angle_n because_o the_o sun_n be_v there_o in_o the_o zenith_n thus_o it_o be_v in_o the_o final_a cause_n the_o lung_n draw_v in_o the_o air_n to_o refresh_v the_o heat_n of_o the_o heart_n the_o heat_n of_o the_o heart_n be_v refresh_v to_o keep_v the_o temperature_n the_o temperature_n be_v keep_v to_o preserve_v life_n so_o many_o cause_n so_o many_o demonstration_n but_o the_o last_o where_o also_o the_o chief_a and_o last_o cause_n stand_v for_o the_o mean_a be_v the_o noble_a of_o all_o because_o it_o can_v no_o further_o be_v demonstrate_v and_o the_o two_o proposition_n be_v immediate_a every_o manner_n of_o way_n the_o five_o chapter_n a_o special_a note_n to_o know_v a_o perfect_a demonstration_n of_o all_o the_o mark_n of_o a_o perfect_a demonstration_n this_o be_v the_o most_o evident_a when_o it_o may_v be_v converâ—ed_v or_o reduce_v to_o a_o definition_n for_o we_o have_v say_v heretofore_o that_o the_o definition_n of_o a_o proper_a accident_n be_v compound_v of_o three_o part_n namely_o 8._o l._n 2._o c._n 8._o of_o the_o genus_fw-la of_o that_o which_o be_v define_v and_o of_o the_o proper_a subject_n and_o of_o the_o cause_n thereof_o as_o the_o definition_n of_o death_n be_v the_o destruction_n of_o the_o life_n of_o the_o creature_n by_o the_o extinguish_n of_o vital_a heat_n out_o of_o this_o definition_n a_o demonstration_n may_v be_v frame_v make_v the_o subject_a of_o this_o accident_n to_o be_v the_o subject_n of_o the_o conclusion_n the_o genus_fw-la to_o be_v the_o attribute_n and_o the_o cause_n the_o mean_a as_o thus_o whensoever_o the_o vital_a heat_n be_v extinguish_v life_n be_v destroy_v but_o in_o a_o live_a creature_n the_o vital_a heat_n be_v extinguish_v therefore_o in_o a_o live_a creature_n life_n be_v destroy_v the_o same_o may_v be_v say_v of_o these_o definition_n follow_v sleep_n be_v the_o heaviness_n of_o a_o live_a creature_n by_o the_o cessation_n of_o the_o common_a sense_n thunder_n be_v a_o noise_n in_o the_o cloud_n by_o the_o break_n out_o of_o the_o fire_n the_o six_o chapter_n of_o a_o imperfect_a demonstration_n we_o have_v show_v that_o a_o perfect_a demonstration_n be_v that_o which_o prove_v by_o the_o next_o efficient_a or_o final_a cause_n of_o the_o attribute_n that_o the_o attribute_n of_o the_o conclusion_n agree_v with_o the_o subject_n if_o any_o of_o these_o perfection_n be_v want_v the_o demonstration_n be_v the_o weak_a and_o less_o perfect_a if_o the_o mean_a be_v not_o the_o next_o cause_n of_o the_o attribute_n but_o only_o a_o remote_a cause_n then_o be_v the_o demonstration_n weak_a and_o more_o imperfect_a and_o such_o demonstration_n for_o the_o most_o part_n conclude_v negative_o for_o example_n where_o there_o be_v no_o opposition_n of_o contrary_a quality_n there_o be_v no_o death_n but_o in_o the_o heaven_n there_o be_v no_o opposition_n of_o contrary_a quality_n therefore_o in_o heaven_n there_o be_v no_o death_n or_o he_o that_o be_v of_o a_o cold_a temperature_n will_v never_o be_v bald_a but_o eunuch_n be_v of_o a_o cold_a temperature_n therefore_o eunuch_n will_v never_o be_v bald_a in_o these_o demonstration_n the_o proposition_n be_v not_o immediate_a for_o the_o mean_a be_v not_o the_o next_o cause_n of_o the_o attribute_n to_o have_v no_o contrary_a quality_n be_v not_o the_o next_o cause_n of_o not_o die_v but_o a_o remote_a cause_n for_o the_o next_o cause_n of_o not_o die_v in_o man_n body_n be_v the_o continual_a preservation_n of_o the_o humour_n in_o a_o equal_a temperature_n and_o the_o cause_n hereof_o be_v to_o have_v no_o contrariety_n or_o combat_n between_o the_o elementary_a quality_n in_o the_o body_n thus_o the_o cause_n why_o eunuch_n become_v not_o bald_a be_v become_v the_o radical_a humour_n of_o the_o hair_n be_v not_o spend_v and_o the_o remote_a cause_n be_v because_o they_o have_v but_o little_a heat_n in_o these_o demonstration_n the_o proposition_n be_v not_o immediate_a for_o the_o mean_a be_v not_o the_o next_o cause_n of_o the_o attribute_n and_o though_o the_o proposition_n be_v immediate_a yet_o if_o the_o mean_a be_v not_o the_o cause_n but_o the_o effect_n of_o the_o attribute_n than_o it_o shall_v be_v a_o less_o perfect_a demonstration_n prove_v not_o the_o effect_n by_o the_o cause_n but_o the_o cause_n by_o the_o effect_n this_o kind_n of_o demonstration_n show_v not_o why_o the_o conclusion_n be_v but_o only_o that_o it_o be_v as_o all_z that_o love_n god_n be_v belove_v of_o god_n but_o all_o that_o have_v faith_n in_o christ_n love_n god_n therefore_o all_o that_o have_v faith_n in_o christ_n be_v belove_v of_o god_n the_o mean_a be_v to_o love_n god_n which_o be_v not_o the_o cause_n but_o the_o effect_n of_o the_o love_n which_o god_n bear_v unto_o we_o which_o love_n be_v the_o attribute_n of_o the_o conclusion_n in_o this_o demonstration_n wherein_o the_o cause_n be_v prove_v by_o the_o effect_n whereas_o in_o a_o perfect_a demonstration_n we_o prove_v effect_n by_o their_o cause_n therefore_o this_o imperfect_a demonstration_n prove_v only_o that_o the_o thing_n be_v but_o show_v not_o why_o it_o be_v the_o effect_n may_v very_o well_o be_v the_o cause_n of_o know_v but_o not_o of_o be_v as_o the_o smoke_n which_o we_o see_v come_v out_o of_o a_o chimney_n may_v be_v a_o cause_n to_o make_v we_o know_v that_o there_o be_v fire_n in_o the_o house_n but_o it_o be_v not_o the_o cause_n of_o the_o fire_n but_o only_o the_o effect_n and_o the_o unequal_a beat_n of_o the_o pulse_n be_v not_o the_o cause_n of_o the_o ague_n but_o it_o be_v a_o cause_n which_o make_v we_o know_v that_o such_o a_o one_o have_v a_o ague_n ¶_o the_o sixth_o book_n of_o sophism_n or_o fallacy_n the_o first_o chapter_n of_o fallacy_n in_o word_n all_o fallacy_n or_o sophism_n commit_v in_o dispute_v be_v either_o in_o the_o word_n or_o in_o the_o matter_n fallacy_n in_o word_n be_v of_o six_o kind_n 1._o aequivocation_n 2._o amphibologie_n 3._o deceit_n by_o composition_n 4._o deceit_n by_o division_n 5._o deceit_n in_o the_o accent_n or_o pronunciation_n 6._o and_o deceit_n in_o the_o figure_n of_o the_o word_n 1._o of_o aequivocation_n decipt_n by_o aequivocation_n be_v when_o the_o mean_a be_v a_o doubtful_a word_n take_v in_o the_o proposition_n one_o way_n and_o in_o the_o assumption_n another_o way_n as_o that_o which_o have_v neither_o beginning_n nor_o end_v god_n create_v not_o the_o roundness_n of_o the_o heaven_n have_v neither_o beginning_n nor_o end_n therefore_o the_o roundness_n of_o the_o heaven_n god_n create_v not_o in_o the_o proposition_n beginning_n and_o end_v be_v take_v for_o continuance_n of_o time_n but_o in_o the_o assumption_n it_o be_v take_v for_o the_o beginning_n and_o end_v of_o a_o figure_n or_o thus_o he_o that_o say_v that_o thou_o live_v say_v true_a he_o that_o say_v that_o thou_o be_v a_o goose_n say_v that_o thou_o live_v therefore_o he_o that_o say_v that_o thou_o be_v a_o goose_n say_v true_a in_o the_o proposition_n it_o be_v mean_v of_o a_o express_a say_n but_o in_o the_o assumption_n of_o a_o say_n by_o consequence_n thus_o a_o man_n of_o great_a capacity_n may_v be_v take_v for_o a_o learned_a man_n and_o sometime_o for_o one_o who_o stomach_n be_v able_a to_o contain_v much_o wine_n the_o same_o fallacy_n may_v be_v commit_v also_o when_o a_o word_n be_v otherwise_o take_v in_o the_o proposition_n then_o in_o the_o conclusion_n 2._o of_o amphibologie_n amphibologie_n be_v a_o ambiguous_a construction_n make_v the_o sense_n doubtful_a as_o faith_n alone_o justifi_v it_o can_v be_v know_v whether_o the_o meaning_n be_v that_o faith_n be_v alone_o justifi_v or_o else_o that_o faith_n justifi_v only_o in_o the_o first_o sense_n it_o be_v false_a for_o faith_n alone_o without_o good_a work_n be_v no_o true_a faith_n and_o by_o consequent_a justifi_v not_o but_o in_o the_o second_o sense_n it_o be_v true_a that_o faith_n only_o justifi_v because_o it_o only_o have_v the_o property_n to_o justify_v so_o it_o be_v true_a in_o one_o sense_n that_o the_o eye_n alone_o see_v but_o it_o be_v false_a in_o another_o sense_n that_o the_o eye_n see_v alone_o for_o a_o eye_n that_o be_v out_o of_o the_o head_n see_v not_o 3._o the_o fallacy_n in_o composition_n the_o fallacy_n in_o composition_n be_v when_o thing_n be_v take_v as_o conjoin_v which_o can_v be_v true_a but_o in_o