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Word A	Word B	Word C	Word D	Occurrence	Frequency Band	MI	MI Band	Prominent
cause_n	beam_n	equal_a	zone_n	17	3	13.5834	5	false

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ID	Title	Author	Corrected Date of Publication (TCP Date of Publication)	STC	Words	Pages
A46234	An history of the wonderful things of nature set forth in ten severall classes wherein are contained I. The wonders of the heavens, II. Of the elements, III. Of meteors, IV. Of minerals, V. Of plants, VI. Of birds, VII. Of four-footed beasts, VIII. Of insects, and things wanting blood, IX. Of fishes, X. Of man / written by Johannes Jonstonus, and now rendred into English by a person of quality.; Thaumatographia naturalis. English	Jonstonus, Joannes, 1603-1675.; Libavius, Andreas, d. 1616.; Rowland, John, M.D.	1657 (1657)	Wing J1017; ESTC R1444	350,728	372

too heavy Hence it comes to passe that all Seas purge themselves in the full of the Moon Not that the attraction of the Moon is the cause of it but because the wind that was in the interim collected in the hollow places under ground strives to fly upwards or being heaped up about the putrefactions of the Sea breaks forth Lydia● de orig s●ntium attributes it to subterraneal fire That you may know the grounds of his opinion I will set it down in a few Propositions I. The flowing of the Sea is not because of the Moon by the nearnesse of her light and of that especially which she borrowes which breeds exhalations whereby the waters swell and run over For in the full Moon her light is thwart the earth and yet there is a tide great enough II. The Sun and Moon do not by their beams cause the flowing of the Sea 1. When it flowes in one hemisphear and both the Luminaries are in the other what is the cause of that For it hath not equall forces in both 2. If Sun and Moon cause the flowing of the Sea wherefore elsewhere in the very Ocean and that between the torrid Zone where their power is extream are there no Tides at all or very small ones III. When we enquire concerning the flowing of the Sea we must suppose 1. That there is a wonderfull plenty of water in the bosome of the Earth 2. That water which is in the bosome of the Earth is not onely continued to it self but to this we see in the Sea and is joyned with it by the channels or open chaps of the Earth First it is probable from hence that it is a part of the same body Then the deeps of the Sea that were never yet certainly known are a token of it 3. When two most vaste Continents on this side Asia Africa Europe on that America divide CHAP. VII Artic. 1. Of the New World and Asia by which the passage was open to other neighbouring Islands and from the Island to all the continent which was in sight and neere to the Ocean but in the mouth of it there was said to be a Haven with a narrow entrance c After this by a wonderfull Earth-quake and a continuall inundation for a day and a night it came to passe that the Earth clave asunder and swallowed all those warlike people and the Island of Atlantis was drowned in the deep But Aristotle lib. de admirand c. 8. relates that in the Sea beyond Hercul●s Pillars an Island was found out by the Carthagenians which had Woods and Rivers fit for shipping but it was distant many days Voyage But when more Carthagenians allured by the happinesse of the place came and dwelt amongst the Inhabitants they were condemned to death by the Commanders he adds by those that sayled thither Let us also hear Seneca lib. 7. quaest c. 31. The people that shall come after us shall know many things we know not many things are reserved for after ages when we are dead and forgotten The World is but a very small matter unlesse every age may have something to search for And again quaest 5. c. ult Whence do I know whether there may not be some Commander of a great Nation now not known that may swell with Fortun 's favours and not contain his forces within his own bounds Whether he may not provide ships to attempt places unknown How do I know whether this or that wind may bring Warr Some suppose Augustus extended his Empire so far Marianus Siculus is the Authour that there was found in the new World old Golden Money with the Image of Augustus and that it was sent to Rome to the Pope in token of fidelity by Johannes Ruffus Bishop of Consentia That is more wonderfull that the Spaniards write that there is a Town in the Province of Chili in the Valley called Cauten which they name Imperiola for this cause because in many Houses and Gates they found the Spread-Eagle as we see now a dayes in the Arms of the Roman Empire Animlanus l. 17. observes somthing not unlike it that in the obeliscks of the Aegyptians there were ingraven many Pictures of Birds and Beasts also of the other World What shall we say to these things We say they knew them but scarse ever travelled thither But if those relations are true that Plato reports of which Tertullian also speaks Apolg. c. 39. and Marcellinus l. 17. we add farther That the praediction of Seneca sounds rather of the British Islands in favour of Claudius That is false which is said of Augustus We have all the Acts of this Noble Prince if there be any thing buried in silence it is some mean matter But Novelty easily gains the name of Antiquity if there be fraud in him that forgeth it Artic. 2. Of the miracles of some Countrys PLiny relates and we out of him There is a famous Temple at Paphos dedicated to Venus into a Court whereof it never rayns Pliny l. 2. c. 96. By Harpasa a Town of Asia there stands a hard Rock which you may move with one finger but thrust it with your whole body and you cannot stirr it There is Earth in the City Parasinum within the Peninsula of Tauri that cures all wounds In the Country Ardanum Corn that is sowed will never grow At the Altars of Martia in Veii and at Tusculanum and in the Wood Ciminia there are places where things fastened into the Earth cannot be drawn forth Pliny l. 2. c. 94. In Crustuminum Hay that grows there is hurtfull but out of that place it becomes good Some Earths tremble at the entrance as in the Country of the Gabii not far from Rome about a 100 Acres when men ride upon it and likewise at Reate In the Hills of Puteoli the dust is opposed against the Sea Waves and being once sunk it becomes one stone that the waters cannot stirr and daily grows stronger also if it be mingled with the Caement of Cumae Plin. l. 35. c. 13. Such is the nature of that Earth that cut it of what bignesse you please and sink it into the Sea it is drawn forth a stone In a Fountain of Gnidium that is sweet in eight Months time the Earth turns to a stone From Oropus as far as Aulis whatsoever earth is dipped in the Sea it becomes a stone Tilling of the ground was of old of great esteem amongst the Romans they found one sowing and gave him honours whence is the surname Serranus As Cincinnatus was ploughing his four Acres in the Vatican which are called Quintus his Meadows Viator offered him the Dictator ship and as it is reported that he was naked and his whole body full of dust To whom Viator said Put on thy Cloths that I may deliver to thee the commands of the Senate and people of Rome Whence Pliny l. 18. c. 3. answers to this question Whence was it then they had so great plenty The Rulers at

sword The Reformation followed So many were seen in Helvetia in 1528 a wonderfull Famine was the sequel of it In 1532. at Venice they were seen with two Rainbowes opposed to the Sun one presently vanished but the other was seen for two hours Cardan l. 14. de varietat Rer. cap. 70. The Suns themselves were transparent the greater was Southward the lesse Northward increasing In the year 1314. before the War of Lodowick of Bavaria and Frederick of Austria more Suns were seen they signified the dissentions of the Electors and their falling to sides Peucer in Meteorol Before these troubles we saw it a Comet with a fatall tail followed Because the Empire of Nero had the same beginnings the future event might easily be foreknown Artic. 2. Of the Suns light and Eclips THe Thalmudists hold that the light of the Sun was seven times greater in the Creation but was lost afterwards We see it very great and ruling almost every where For the Sun-beams enlighten and enliven all things Cardan maintains that by the force of it the Southern parts are pressed down lower but whether it be so every one may judge And though at Rhodes or Syracuse there never be a day that the Sun is not seen in some parts of it Plin l. 1. Cap. 62. yet it is certain that the Suns light is often intercepted When Constantine was blind the Sun did not shine for 17 dayes In Plinies time ●e was often 12. dayes in Leo's time 4. dayes So never seen that Marriners lost their Course Maiol Colloq 1. But this was only a Clouding An Eclips is somwhat more when the Suns beams are turned away from by interposing of the Moon Barbarians understand not this whence Columbus foretelling the Moons Eclips won the favour of the Indians It was a Capital crime in Plath's days to maintain that the Moon could hold the Sun beams from us Alexander Aphrodis Problem 46. Some thought the Devills were the cause and therefore ran to assist it with lighted Torches Archelaus was so ignorant that the day the Eclips of the Sun was he shut up the Court and shaved his sonne as the custome was in time of adversity and of mourning Senec. l. 5. de benefic C. 6. The Eclipse of the Sun happens in the new Moon or in the Conjunction nor real but appearing so when Sun Moon and our eyes are in the same right line It it be totall it is in a moment in respect of the parts It was so when Scipio fought and overcome Hannibal at Carthage Zonaras Tom. 2. Nicephorus sayth the same happened at Augustus's death Somtimes in five yeares some are seen Maiolus thinks they produced Warrs Famines and Deaths of Popes It seemes to be certain that both of them may be Eclips'd twice in six Months and in five Months either of them and that the Suns light may be twice taken from one Country in the period of seven Months Peucer in Astrolog Some are of opinion their operation begins afterwards I dispute not but this is certaine they never appeare but they foreshew somthing When in the year 3343 an Eclips was seen the most corrupt state of the Kingdome of the Jews appeared In the yeare 3350. began the 70 yeares captivity In 3360 the Temple and Jerusalem were destroyed by Nebuchadnezzar About the Eclips in 1619 Stars were seen at noon-day and the Warre of Peloponesus began with the Athenians In the yeare 360 the Sun was Eclipsed untill noon-day and also in 592. What followed Phocas confirmed the Popes supremacy 622 wicked Mahomet sowed his mischief Alsted in Thesaur Chronol In 812 before the Death of Charls the great a Spot of a black had appeared for seven dayes witnesse Eginbartus It seems to intimate say some the darkning of the Gospel In 1415 the 7. of June so horrible was the Eclipse of the Sun that birds fell to the Earth At this time John Hus was burned in the Councell of Constance the 6. of July That was supernaturall at our Saviours passion It was a totall Eclips at a full Moon and lasted three houres Dionysius said of it Either the God of nature suffers or the frame of the World dissolves He afterwards consulting with the Philosophers built an Altar to the unknown God and was converted by St. Pauls Preaching Tertullian in Apologetico saith it was laid up amongst the publike Acts of Rome but forbidden to be published Also there is a notable use of Eclipses amongst Chronologers especially of those which with certain circumstances of time Yeare Day Month Hour Minuts and of the distance from other Eclipses were exactly taken such as was the Eclips at Arbelia in C●rtius or Peloponesus in Thucydides at Cambisia in Ptolomy Powel in his Consilio Chronologico For there are certain bounds and Characters of times fastned in the Heavens hence Calvisius commends Scaligers Chronology because he hath observed Phainomena and Eclipses allmost according to the years of the World out of the Tables of the Heavenly motions and are fitted to the same Hence the Calyppic period comprehended in 76 yeares in which time all conjunctions of the Planets new Moons and full Moons and Eclipses returne to the same moment of time See the famous Chronologer Pavellus treating accurately of these things I hasten to other matters Art 3. Of the Suns Motion THe Mahumetans fain that the Sun is carried with Horses and sets in the Sea and well washed rises again Daily experience sheweth us a double motion we see it rise every day and set again and every yeare it makes an Oval figure passing to North and South Yet so right under the Ecliptick that it swarves not a hair from it The complement of the motion in the Zodiack varieth with many Hipparchus assignes to it 365 days Ours 6 houres lesse Tebitius saith that there want nine minutes of the 6 houres Henricus Mechiniensis hath written that all those shall err perpetually who observe Eclipses by the Tables of Ptolomy or Albategnius Bodin 5. Theatri Naturae It is the vulgar tenent to assigne 365 days and 6 hours In that oblique course we observe the Sun to be nearer the earth whilst he passeth through the Southern signs and to be further off in the Northern That is finished in 178 dayes 21 hours and 12 minuts This requires 186 dayes 8 hours 12 minutes But because the distanc● of the Eccentrick is variable from the centre of the World therefore Melancthon and Origanus write that the Sun is nearer to us now than in Ptolomies dayes by 9900 miles but Copernicus and Stoflerus cast it to bee 26660 miles Alsted in Theoria Planetarum Scaliger dislikes this Exerc. 99. sect 2. Nor is it probable saith Bodin l. 5. Theat in so great variety of distance that the knowledge of Eclipses could be so exactly preserved The Scripture tells us that the Sun went backward miraculously in Ezechiahs dayes as was known by the shadow on the Diall The History of Josuah witnesseth that it stood still and

doth not lye upon the waters but contrarily where the Conduits are not full the lower part is not empty but the upper part IV. Nor the Bulk of the Sea Scaliger thinks that the Waters being pressed in the channels by the Sea lying upon them do seek to get forth His Example is of a stone in a vessel But two things are here assumed 1. That the gravity is every where the same as in the weight of a stone 2. That a great part of the Sea water is out of its place V. Nor yet vapours redoubled into themselves and so drawing nor the spungy Nature of the Earth nor the veins of the Earth whereby the moysture of the water may be drawn forth For 1. attracting forces would be more fit for Champion ground than for Mountains 2. If they should attract it were for that purpose that they might have the fruition of it but from whence are there such Rivers 3 The veins of waters are no where found so full as that reason requireth whether it be for blood in living creatures or for squirts VI. The water is raised out of the Caves of the Earth to the Tops of Mountains as the Sea is raised above the middle Region of the Ayr. VII But this Elevation is made by the force of heat resolving the water into vapours Aristotle himself intimates that heat is required but that water may be made of a vapour there needs no cold but a more remisse heat VIII The heat of the Earth proceeds not from the heat of the Sun namely of the Earth in its Intralls For first it can penetrate but two yards deep and therefore the Troglodites make their Caves no deeper 2. In the hottest Summer a woodden post that is but one or two Inches thick is not penetrated 3. The entralls of the Earth about 8 or 10 yards deep are found colder in Summer then in Winter IX The Antiperistasis of the cold Ayr in the superficies of the Earth is nothing to the purpose 1. It is more weak than the cold of the firm Earth 2. What ever of the Suns heat is bred within passeth out by the pores and vanisheth 3. It perisheth being besieged by both colds to which it bears no proportion X. The heat that is in the bowells of the Earth is from a double cause For in the parts nearest the superficies it proceeds from the Sun beams but in the bowels of the Earth from other causes That passeth out by the pores of the Earth in Summer being opened by the Sun and therefore it vanisheth when as being removed from its original it is weaker but in winter it is bound in by the cold XI The heat in the bowels of the Earth is known by the heat of the Waters but these are neither hot by the Sun nor from brimstone or quicklime in the conduits but only from a subterraneal fire Not from the Sun For. 1. That cannot penetrate so far 2. If it were from thence it would be most in Summer Not from brimstone or quick lime for brimstone heats not unlesse it be actually heated and quick-lime only then when it is resolved by Water Also the vast quantity of it would be resolved in a short time and would make a change in the Channels But it may be understood some ways how it may be heated by a subterraneal fire 1. As it is actuall and so the Channels being solid stone cannot derive it 2. As it is more remote but sends forth Vapours by pipes as in Baths so also not for Vapours cannot have so great force as to make it boil 3. That the Water may run amongst the burning fire as in bituminous Channels But here the question may be why it doth not cast out the Bitumen as in Samosata a City of Comagenes Pliny saith l. 2. c. 104. and 107 that a certain lake cast forth flaming mud and fire came out at the Waters of Scantium 4. The fourth way is the truth Art doth some wayes imitate Nature but in Stills the water by the force of heat is resolved into Vapours and the Vapours fly upwards to the heads where they stick and being removed from the violent heat they return to Water again so also in the bowells of the Earth XII But Fountains that boyl seem not to be of those Waters that run but that stand still Namely Wells that have formerly been opened by the quakings of the Earth which it is no wonder that they are joyned to the Sea In a small Island against the River Timevu● Pliny l. 2. c. 103. writes that there is a hot spring that ebs and flows with the Sea In the Gades it is contrary Pliny l. 2. c. ●2 But if any of these hot springs do run● we must observe of them that their Channels are so scituated that when the Sea flowes it comes unto them or if it were come into them before it powreth forth the more And so the heat of the fire will be either proportionable and the exhalation greater or not and so lesse XIII But what Agricola writes of bituminous Waters and that yeeld a smell must be ascribed to their neernesse but it vanisheth at a farther distance The same is observed in artificiall distilled waters that in time the burntness of them will vanish away XIV But because this fire by the shaking of the Earth can do much in the superficies it can then do more in the place it is It can therefore stop up old Channels open new ones in divers caves of the Earth without sending forth of the matter combustible or propagation of fire or conflict of Vapours it can rayse new fires from whence new Rivers may be produced yet somtimes also it useeth to be extinguished or sunk so deep that it cannot send its force to the superficies This is the opinion of Lydiat which we have set down more amply that being better known it might be more exactly weighed CHAP. V. Of hot Baths THe heat of hot Baths is diversly spoken of by Authours Aristotle thought it proceeded from Thunder which is false for the force of Thunder is pestilentiall any man may know it that beholds Wine corrupt by Thunder It makes men mad or dead but these are healthfull as experience daily shews Also there are many places that were never touched with Thunder for that never descends above five foot Sennert Scient natural l. 4. c. 10. thinks it comes from two waters that are cold to be felt but grow hot in their meeting from repugnancy of the Spirits as we see in oyle of Tartar and Spirit of Vitrial and in Aquafortis and Tartar and of the butter of Antimony and Spirit of Nitre all which though they are cold to the touch yet if you mingle them they grow hot and so that if you suddenly powre oyle of Tartar into Aquafortis wherein Iron is dissolved it will not only boyle but the mixture will flame which also happeneth if you pour fast the spirit of Nitre into the