unbelief that is through a false persuasion of mind not believing it to be a Sin And yet he did not obtain this mercy without a particular conviction of his fault and repentance for it And St. Peter after he had convinced the Jews of their great Sin in crucifying Christ though they did it ignorantly yet he exhorts them to a particular and deep repentance for it as necessary to the pardon and forgiveness of it And therefore after he had said I wote that through ignorance ye did it as did also your Rulers he immediately adds Repent ye therefore and be converted that your Sins may be blotted out So that it highly concerns men to consider what opinions they embrace in order to practice and not to suffer themselves to be hurried away by an unreasonable prejudice and a heady passion without a due and calm examination of things nor to be over-born by pride or humour or partiality or interest or by a furious and extravagant zeal Because proportionably to the voluntariness of our Errour will be the guilt of our practice pursuant to that Errour Indeed where our Errour is involuntary and morally invincible God will consider it and make allowance for it but where it is voluntary and occasioned by our own gross fault and neglect we are bound to consider and to rectifie our mistake For what-ever we do contrary to the Law of God and our Duty in vertue of that false persuasion we do it at our utmost peril and must be answerable to God for it notwithstanding we did it according to the dictate of our Conscience A Third Rule is this that in all doubts of Conscience we endeavour to be equal and impartial and do not lay all the weight of our doubts on one side when there is perhaps as much or greater reason of doubting on the other And consequently that we be as tractable and easie to receive satisfaction of our doubts in one kind as in another and be equally contented to have them over-ruled in cases that are equal I mean where our passions and interests are not concern'd as well as where they are And if we do not do this it is a sign that we are partial in our pretences of Conscience and that we do not aim meerly at the peace and satisfaction of our own minds but have some other interest and design For it is a very suspicious thing when men's doubts and scruples bear all on one side especially if it be on that side which is against charity and peace and obedience to Government whether Ecclesiastical or Civil In this case I think that a meer doubt and much more a scruple may nay ought in reason to be over-ruled by the Command of Authority by the opinion and judgment of wise and good men and in consideration of the publick peace and of the unity and edification of the Church Not that a man is in any case to go against the clear persuasion and conviction of his own mind but when there is only a meer doubt concerning the lawfulness or unlawfulness of a thing it seems to me in that case very reasonable that a man should suffer a mere doubt or scruple to be over-rul'd by any of those weighty considerations which I mentioned before The Fourth Rule is that all pretences of Conscience are vehemently to be suspected which are accompanied with turbulent passion and a furious zeal It is an hundred to one but such a man's Conscience is in the wrong It is an excellent saying of St. James The wrath of man worketh not the righteousness of God that is the fierce passions of men are no proper instruments to promote Religion and to accomplish any thing that is good And therefore if any man be transported with a wild zeal and pretend conscience for his fury it is great odds but he is in an errour None are so likely to judge amiss as they whose minds are clouded and blinded by their passions Nubila mens est Haec ubi regnant And if men would carefully observe themselves they might almost certainly know when they act upon Reason and a true Principle of Conscience A good Conscience is easie to it self and pleased with its own doings but when a man's passion and discontent are a weight upon his judgment and do as it were bear down his Conscience to a compliance no wonder if this puts a man's mind into a very unnatural and uneasie state There can hardly be a broader sign that a man is in the wrong than to rage and be confident Because this plainly shews that the man's Conscience is not setled upon clear reason but that he hath brought over his Conscience to his interest or to his humour and discontent And though such a man may be so far blinded by his passion as not to see what is right yet methinks he should feel himself to be in the wrong by his being so very hot and impatient Art thou sure thou art in the right thou art a happy man and hast reason to be pleased What cause then what need is there of being angry Hath a man Reason on his side What would he have more Why then does he fly out into passion which as it gives no strength to a bad argument so I could never yet see that it was any grace and advantage to a good one Of the great evil and the perpetual mistake of this furious kind of Zeal the Jews are a lively and a lamentable Example in their carriage towards our Blessed Saviour and his Apostles And more particularly St. Paul when he persecuted the Christians from a false and erroneous persuasion of his Conscience Hear how St. Paul describes himself and his own doings whilst he was acted by an erroneous Conscience I persecuted says he this way unto the death binding and delivering into prison both men and women And in another Chapter I verily thought with my self that I ought to do many things against the Name of Jesus of Nazareth Here was his erroneous Conscience Let us next see what were the unhappy concomitants and effects of it ver 10 11 Which things says he I also did in Jerusalem and many of the Saints I shut up in prison and when they were put to death I gave my voice against them and punish'd them oft in every Synagogue and compell'd them to blaspheme and being exceedingly mad against them I persecuted them even to strange Cities When Conscience transports men with such a furious zeal and passion it is hardly ever in the right or if it should happen to be so they who are thus transported by their ungracious way of maintaining the truth and their ill management of a good cause have found out a cunning way to be in the wrong even when they are in the right Fifthly All pretences of Conscience are likewise to be suspected which are not accompanied with modesty and humility and a teachable temper and disposition willing to learn and
Soul and so long as that remains unwounded the spirit of a man can bear his infirmities God is intimate to our Souls and hath secret ways whereby to convey the joys and comforts of his Holy Spirit into our Hearts under the bitterest afflictions and sharpest sufferings He can enable us by his Grace to possess our souls in patience when all other things are taken from us When there is nothing but trouble about us He can give us peace and joy in believing When we are persecuted afflicted and tormented He can give us that ravishing sight of the Glories of another World that stedfast assurance of a future Blessedness as shall quite extinguish all sense of present sufferings How did many of the primitive Christian Martyrs in the midst of their torments and under the very pangs of death rejoice in the hope of the glory of God There are none of us but may happen to fall into those circumstances of danger and of bodily pains and sufferings as to have no hopes of relief and comfort but from God none in all the World to trust to but Him only And in the greatest Evils that can befall us in this life He is a sure refuge and sanctuary and to repeat the words of the Psalmist after the Text When our heart fails and our strength fails God is the strength of our hearts and our portion for ever Now what would any of us do in such a Case if it were not for God Humane nature is liable to desperate straits and exigencies And he is not happy who is not provided against the worst that may happen It is sad to be reduced to such a condition as to be destitute of all comfort and hope And yet men may be brought to that extremity that if it were not for God they would not know which way to turn themselves or how to entertain their thoughts with any comfortable considerations under their present anguish All men naturally resort to God in extremity and cry out to him for help Even the most profane and Atheistical when they are destitute of all other comfort will run to God and take hold of him and cling about him But God hath no pleasure in fools in those who neglect and despise him in their prosperity though they owe that also entirely to him but when the evil day comes then they lay hold of him as their only refuge When all things go well with them God is not in all their thoughts but in their affliction they will seek him early Then they will cry Lord Lord but he will say to them in that day Depart from me ye workers of iniquity for I know you not Here will be the great unhappiness of such persons that God will then appear terrible to them so as they shall not be able when they look up to him to abide his frowns And at the same time that they are forc'd to acknowledge him and to supplicate to him for mercy and forgiveness they shall be ready to despair of it Then those terrible threatnings of God's Word will come to their minds Because I called and ye refused I stretched out my hand and no man regarded But ye set at nought all my counsel and would have none of my reproof I also will laugh at your calamity and mock when your fear cometh when your fear cometh as desolation and your destruction cometh as a whirlwind when distress and anguish cometh upon you Then shall they call upon me but I will not answer they shall seek me early but they shall not find me For that they hated knowledge and did not chuse the fear of the Lord They would none of my counsel they despised all my reproof Therefore shall they eat the fruit of their own ways and be filled with their own devices The ease of the simple shall slay them and the prosperity of fools shall destroy them To which I will add that terrible Passage in the Prophet concerning the perverse and obstinate Jews They are a People of no understanding therefore he that made them will not have mercy on them and he that formed them will shew them no favour And men are miserable Creatures indeed when God their Maker doth abandon them and hath so far hardened his heart against them that he can have no pity and compassion for them Seventhly and Lastly Which is consequent upon all the rest God is such a Good as can give perfect rest and tranquillity to our minds And that which cannot do this though it had all the Properties before mentioned cannot make us happy For he is not happy who does not think himself so what-ever cause he may have to think so Now what in reason can give us disquiet if we do firmly believe that there is a God and that his Providence rules and governs all things for the best and that God is all that to good Men which hath now been said of Him Why should not our minds be in perfect repose when we are secure of the chief Good and have found out that which can make us happy and is willing to make us so if we be not wanting to our selves and by our wilful obstinacy and rebellion against him do not oppose and frustrate this design If a considerate Man were permitted to his own choice to wish the greatest good to himself that he could possibly devise after he had searched Heaven and Earth the result of all his wishes would be that there were just such a Being as we must necessarily conceive God to be Nor would he chuse any other Friend or Benefactor any other Protector for himself or Governor for the whole World than infinite Power conducted and managed by infinite Wisdom and Goodness which is the true Notion of a God After all his enquiry he would come to the Psalmist's conclusion here in the Text Whom have I in Heaven but thee and there is none upon Earth that I desire besides thee Vain Man is apt to seek for happiness elsewhere but this proceeds from want of due consideration For when all things are well weigh'd and all accounts rightly cast up and adjusted we shall at last settle in David's resolution of that great Question What is the chief Good of man There be many says he that say Who will shew us any good That is Men are generally inquisitive after happiness but greatly divided in their Opinions about it Most men place it in the present enjoyments of this World but David for his part pitches upon God in whom he was fully convinc'd that the happiness of Man does consist There be many that say Who will shew us any good Lord lift thou up the light of thy countenance upon us Thou hast put gladness in my heart more than in the time that their Corn and Wine increased The great joy of the men of this World is in a plentiful Harvest and the abundance of the good things of this life But David had
Throne above the Stars of God I will sit also upon the Mount of the Congregation in the sides of the North That is upon Mount Zion for just so the Psalmist describes it Beautiful for situation the joy of the whole Earth is Mount Zion on the sides of the North. Here the King of Babylon threatens to take Jerusalem and to demolish the Temple where the Congregation of Israel met for the Worship of the true God I will also sit upon the Mount of the Congregation in the sides of the North. Much in the same Style with the threatnings of Modern Babylon I will destroy the Reformation I will extirpate the Northern Heresie And then he goes on I will ascend above the height of the clouds I will be like the most High Yet thou shalt be brought down to the grave to the sides of the pit They that see thee shall narrowly look upon thee and consider thee saying Is this the man that made the earth to tremble that did shake Kingdoms that made the World as a Wilderness and destroyed the Cities thereof and opened not the House of his Prisoners God seems already to have begun this Work in the late glorious Victory at Sea and I hope he will cut it short in righteousness I have sometimes heretofore wondred Why at the destruction of Modern and Mystical Babylon the Scripture should make so express mention of great wailing and lamentation for the loss of Her Ships and Seamen Little imagining thirty years ago that any of the Kingdoms who had given their power to the Beast would ever have arrived to that mighty Naval Force But the Scripture saith nothing in vain Whether and how far Success is an Argument of a good Cause I shall not now debate But thus much I think may safely be affirmed That the Providence of God doth sometimes without plain and down-right Miracles so visibly shew it self that we cannot without great stupidity and obstinacy refuse to acknowledge it I grant the Cause must first be manifestly just before Success can be made an Argument of God's favour to it and approbation of it And if the Cause of true Religion and the necessary defence of it against a false and Idolatrous Worship be a good Cause Ours is so And I do not here beg the Question we have abundantly proved it to the confusion of our Adversaries If the vindication of the common Liberties of Mankind against Tyranny and Oppression be a good Cause then Ours is so And this needs not to be proved it is so glaringly evident to all the World And as our Cause is not like theirs so neither hath their Rock been like our Rock our Enemies themselves being Judges And yet as bad an Argument as success is of a good Cause I am sorry to say it but I am afraid it is true it is like in the conclusion to prove the best Argument of all other to convince those who have so long pretended Conscience against submission to the present Government Meer Success is certainly one of the worst Arguments in the World of a good Cause and the most improper to satisfie Conscience And yet we find by experience that in the issue it is the most successful of all other Arguments and does in a very odd but effectual way satisfie the Consciences of a great many men by shewing them their Interest God has of late visibly made bare his Arm in our behalf though some are still so blind and obstinate that they will not see it Like those of whom the Prophet complains Lord when thy hand is lifted up they will not see but they shall see and be ashamed for their envy at thy People Thus have I represented unto you a mighty Monarch who like a fiery Comet hath hung over Europe for many years and by his malignant influence hath made such terrible havock and devastations in this part of the World Let us now turn our View to the other part of the Text And behold a greater than he is here A Prince of a quite different Character who does understand and know God to be the Lord which doth exercise loving-kindness and judgment and righteousness in the Earth And who hath made it the great Study and Endeavour of his life to imitate these Divine Perfections as far as the imperfection of humane Nature in this mortal state will admit I say a greater than he is here who never said or did an insolent thing but instead of despising his Enemies has upon all occasions encounter'd them with an undaunted Spirit and Resolution This is the Man whom God hath honoured to give a Check to this mighty Man of the Earth and to put a hook into the Nostrils of this great Leviathan who has so long had his pastime in the Seas But we will not insult as he once did in a most unprincely manner over a Man much better than himself when he believed Him to have been slain at the Boyne And indeed Death came then as near to him as was possible without killing him But the merciful Providence of God was pleased to step in for his Preservation almost by a Miracle For I do not believe that from the first use of great Guns to that Day any mortal man ever had his shoulder so kindly kiss'd by a Cannon-bullet But I will not trespass any further upon that which is the great Ornament of all his other Vertues though I have said nothing of Him but what all the World does see and must acknowledge He is as much above being flatter'd as it is beneath an honest and a generous mind to flatter Let us then glory in the Lord and rejoice in the God of our Salvation Let us now in the presence of all his People pay our most thankful acknowledgments to him who is worthy to be praised even to the Lord God of Israel who alone doth wondrous things Who giveth Victory unto Kings and hath preserved our David his Servant from the hurtful Sword And let us humbly beseech Almighty God that he would long preserve to us the invaluable Blessing of our two Excellent Princes whom the Providence of God hath sent amongst us like two good Angels not to rescue two or three Persons but almost a whole Nation out of Sodom By saving us I hope at last from our Vices as well as at first from that Vengeance which was just ready to have been poured down upon us Two Sovereign Princes reigning together and in the same Throne and yet so intirely one as perhaps no Nation no Age can furnish us with a Parallel Two Princes perfectly united in the same Design of promoting the true Religion and the Publick Welfare by reforming our Manners and as far as is possible by repairing the breaches and healing the Divisions of a miserably distracted Church and Nation In a Word Two Princes who are contented to sacrifice Themselves and their whole Time to the care of the Publick And for the
over let us say Peace be within thee For the House of the Lord our God for the sake of our Holy Religion and of that excellent Church whereof we all are or ought to be Members let every one of us say I will seek thy good And what greater good can we do to the best Religion how can we better serve the interest of it in all parts of the World than by being at peace and unity among our selves here in England upon whom the eyes of all the Protestants abroad are fixed as the Glory of the Reformation and the great bulwark and support of it That so under the Providence of Almighty God and the conduct of two such excellent Princes as He hath now bless'd us withal The One so brave and valiant and Both of them so wise so good so religious we may at last arrive at a firm establishment and become like mount Zion that cannot be moved the perfection of Beauty and Strength and the admiration and joy of the whole Earth which God of his infinite goodness grant for his mercies sake in Jesus Christ To whom with thee O Father and the Holy Ghost be all honour and glory dominion and power thanksgiving and praise both now and ever Amen A Conscience void of Offence towards God and Men. IN A SERMON Preached before the QUEEN AT WHITE-HALL February the 27 th 1690 1. A Conscience void of Offence towards God and Men. ACTS xxiv 16 And herein do I exercise my self to have always a Conscience void of offence towards God and towards men THese words are part of the Defence which St. Paul made for himself before Faelix the Roman Governour In which he first of all vindicates himself from the charge of Sedition ver 12. They neither found me in the Temple disputing with any man neither raising up the People neither in the Synagogue nor in the City that is they could not charge him with making any disturbance either in Church or State After this he makes a free and open profession of his Religion ver 14. But this I confess that after the way which they call Heresie so worship I the God of my Fathers believing all things which are written in the Law and the Prophets Here he declares the Scriptures to be the Rule of his Faith in opposition to the Oral Tradition of the Pharisees More particularly he asserts the Doctrine of the Resurrection which was a principal Article both of the Jewish and the Christian Religion ver 15. And I have hope also towards God that there shall be a Resurrection both of the just and the unjust And having made this declaration of his Faith he gives an account of his Life in the words of the Text ver 16. And herein do I exercise my self to have always a conscience void of offence towards God and towards men Herein 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 that is in this work do I employ my self or as others render it in the mean time whilst I am in this World or as others I think most probably for this cause and reason 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 for 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 for this reason because I believe a Resurrection therefore have I a conscientious care of my life and all the actions of it The Discourse I intend to make upon these words shall be comprized in these following Particulars I. Here is the extent of a good man's pious practice to have a conscience void of offence towards God and towards men II. Here is his constancy and perseverance in this course to have always a conscience void of offence III. Here is his earnest care and endeavour to this purpose I exercise my self IV. Here is the principle and immediate Guide of his Actions which St. Paul here tells us was his Conscience V. I shall lay down some Rules and Directions for the keeping of a good Conscience VI. Here is the great motive and encouragement to this which St. Paul tells us was the belief of a Resurrection and of a future State of Rewards and Punishments consequent upon it for this cause because I hope for a Resurrection both of the just and unjust I exercise my self to have always a conscience void of offence towards God and towards men I shall speak but briefly to the three first of these Particulars that I may be larger in the rest I. Here is the extent of a good man's pious practice It hath regard to the whole compass of his Duty as it respects God and Man I exercise my self says St. Paul to have a conscience void of offence towards God and towards men And this distribution of our Duty under these two general Heads is very frequent in Scripture The Decalogue refers our Duty to these two Heads And accordingly our Saviour comprehends the whole Duty of Man in those two great Commandments the love of God and of our Neighbour Matth. 22.38 Vpon these two Commandments hang all the Law and the Prophets that is all the Moral Precepts which are dispers'd up and down in the Law and the Prophets may be referr'd to these two general Heads II. Here is his constancy and perseverance in this course St. Paul says that he exercised himself to have always a conscience void of offence 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 continually at all times in the whole course of his life We must not only make conscience of our ways by fits and starts but in the general course and tenour of our lives and actions without any balks and intermissions There are some that will refrain from grosser Sins and be very strict at some Seasons as during the Time of a Solemn Repentance and for some days before they receive the Sacrament and perhaps for a little while after it And when these devout Seasons are over they let themselves loose again to their former lewd and vitious course But Religion should be a constant frame and temper of mind discovering it self in the habitual course of our lives and actions III. Here is likewise a very earnest care and endeavour to this purpose Herein do I exercise my self says St. Paul The word 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 which is here render'd exercise is a word of a very intense signification and does denote that St. Paul applied himself to this business with all his care and might and that he made it his earnest study and endeavour And so must we we must take great care to understand our duty and to be rightly informed concerning good and evil that we may not mistake the nature of things and call good evil and evil good We must apply our minds in good earnest to be thoroughly instructed in all the parts of our Duty that so we may not be at a loss what to do when we are call'd to the practice of it And when we know our Duty we must be true and honest to our selves and very careful and conscientious in the discharge and performance of it I proceed in the IV th
the accidental Ornaments of our Fortune If they descend upon us they are the Privilege of our Birth not the effect of our wisdom and industry and those things in the procurement whereof we had no hand we can hardly call our own And if they be the fruit of our own prudent industry that is no such matter of glorying because men of much slower understandings do commonly out-do others in diligence and drudging their minds lying more level to the low design of being rich At the best Riches are uncertain Charge them says St. Paul that are rich in this world that they be not high-minded nor trust in uncertain riches Men have little reason to pride themselves or to place their confidence in that which is uncertain and even next to that which is not So the wise man speaks of Riches Wilt thou set thine heart upon that which is not for riches certainly make themselves wings and fly as an Eagle towards heaven He expresses it in such a manner as if a rich man sate brooding over an Estate till it was fledg'd and had gotten it self wings to fly away But that which is the most stinging consideration of all is that many men have an evil eye upon a good Estate so that instead of being the means of our happiness it may prove the occasion of our ruin So the same Wise man observes There is a sore evil which I have seen under the Sun namely riches kept for the owners thereof to their hurt And it is not without example that a very rich man hath been excepted out of a general Pardon both as to Life and Estate for no other visible reason but his vast and over-grown Fortune So Solomon observes to us again Such are the ways of every one that is greedy of gain which taketh away the life of the owners thereof And why should any man be proud of his danger of that which one time or other may be the certain and only cause of his ruin A man may be too rich to be forgiven a fault which would never have been prosecuted against a man of a middle Fortune For these reasons and a great many more Let not the rich man glory in his riches II. I proceed to consider What it is that is matter of true glory But let him that glorieth glory in this that he understandeth and knoweth me that I am the Lord which exercise loving-kindness and judgment and righteousness in the Earth For in these things I delight saith the Lord. That he understandeth and knoweth me Here are two words used to express the thing more fully understanding and knowledge which seem not only to import right apprehensions of the Being and Providence and Perfections of God but likewise a lively sense of these things and affections suitable to these apprehensions That he understandeth and knoweth me that I am the Lord that is the Creator and the Sovereign Governor of the World Which exercise loving-kindness and judgment and righteousness in the Earth The best Knowledge of Religion and that which is the foundation of all the rest is the Knowledge of the Divine Nature and Perfections especially of those which are most proper for our imitation and such are those mentioned in the Text loving-kindness and judgment and righteousness which we may distinguish thus Loving-kindness comprehends God's milder Attributes his Goodness and Mercy and Patience Judgment signifies his severer dealings with men whether in the chastisement of his People or in the remarkable Punishment of great Offenders for example and warning to others Righteousness seems to be a word of a larger signification and to denote that universal Rectitude of the Divine Nature which appears in all the Administrations of his Providence here below for the Text speaks of the Exercise of these Perfections in this World which exercise loving-kindness and judgment and righteousness in the Earth Several of the Perfections of the Divine Nature are incommunicable to a Creature and therefore cannot be thought to be proposed to us for a Pattern as self-existence independence and all-sufficiency the eternity and the immensity of the Divine Being to be the original Cause of all other things and the Sovereign Governour of the whole World For God only is sufficient for that and to be a Match for all the World a nec pluribus impar is not a Motto fit for a mortal man A Creature may swell with pride till it burst before it can stretch it self to this pitch of Power and Greatness It is an insufferable Presumption and a sottish Ignorance of the necessary Bounds and Limits of our Being to think to resemble God in these Perfections This was the Ambition of Lucifer to ascend into Heaven and to be like the most High In our imitation of God we must still keep within the station of Creatures not affecting an independency and sovereignty like God and to be omnipotent as he is Hast thou an arm like God and canst thou thunder with a voice like Him as God himself argues with Job For in these things I delight saith the Lord. God takes pleasure to exercise these Perfections himself and to see them imitated by us and the imitation of these Divine Perfections is our perfection and glory in comparison of which all humane wisdom and power and riches are so far from being matter of glory that they are very despicable and pitiful things Knowledge and Skill to devise mischief and power to effect it are the true Nature and Character of the Devil and his Angels those Apostate and accursed Spirits who in temper and disposition are most contrary to God who is the Rule and Pattern of all perfection I shall only make two Observations or Inferences from what hath been said and then apply the whole Discourse to the great Occasion of this Day And they are these First That the wisest and surest Reasonings in Religion are grounded upon the unquestionable Perfections of the Divine Nature Secondly That the Nature of God is the true Idea and Pattern of Perfection and Happiness First That the wisest and surest Reasonings in Religion are grounded upon the unquestionable Perfections of the Divine Nature Upon those more especially which to us are most easie and intelligible such as are those mentioned in the Text. And this makes the Knowledge of God and of these Perfections to be so useful and so valuable Because all Religion is founded in right Notions of God and of his Perfections Insomuch that Divine Revelation it self does suppose these for its foundation and can signify nothing to us unless these be first known and believed For unless we be first firmly persuaded of the Providence of God and of his particular care of Mankind why should we suppose that he makes any Revelation of his Will to us Unless it be first naturally known that God is a God of Truth what ground is there for the belief of his Word So that the Principles of Natural Religion are
incredible swiftness through City and Country for fear the innocent man's justification should over-take it Fifthly Another Cause of evil-speaking is Impertinence and Curiosity an itch of talking and medling in the affairs of other Men which do no wise concern them Some persons love to mingle themselves in all business and are loth to seem ignorant of so important a piece of News as the faults and follies of men or any bad thing that is talk'd of in good Company And therefore they do with great care pick up ill Stories as good matter of discourse in the next Company that is worthy of them And this perhaps not out of any great malice but for want of something better to talk of and because their Parts lie chiefly that way Lastly Men do this many times out of wantonness and for diversion So little do light and vain men consider that a man's Reputation is too great and tender a Concernment to be jested withal and that a slanderous Tongue bites like a Serpent and wounds like a Sword For what can be more barbarous next to sporting with a man's Life than to play with his Honour and Reputation which to some men is dearer to them than their Lives It is a cruel pleasure which some men take in worrying the Reputation of others much better than themselves and this only to divert themselves and the Company Solomon compares this sort of men to distracted persons As a mad-man saith he who casteth fire-brands arrows and death so is the man that deceiveth his neighbour the LXX render it So is the man that defameth his neighbour and saith Am I not in sport Such and so bad are the Causes of this Vice I proceed to consider in the Second place the ordinary but very pernicious Consequences and Effects of it both to Others and to our Selves First To Others the Parties I mean that are slandered To them it is certainly a great injury and commonly a high Provocation but always matter of no small grief and trouble to them It is certainly a great injury and if the evil which we say of them be not true it is an injury beyond imagination and beyond all possible reparation And though we should do our utmost endeavour afterwards towards their Vindication yet that makes but very little amends because the Vindication seldom reacheth so far as the Reproach and because commonly men are neither so forward to spread the Vindication nor is it so easily received after ill impressions are once made The solicitous Vindication of a man's self is at the best but an after-game and for the most part a man had better fit still than to run the hazard of making the matter worse by playing it I will add one thing more That it is an Injury that descends to a man's Children and Posterity because the good or ill Name of the Father is derived down to them and many times the best thing he hath to leave them is the Reputation of his unblemish'd Virtue and Worth And do we make no Conscience to rob his innocent Children of the best part of this small Patrimony and of all the kindness that would have been done them for their Father's sake if his Reputation had not been so undeservedly stain'd Is it no Crime by the breath of our mouth at once to blast a man's Reputation and to ruin his Children perhaps to all Posterity Can we make a jest of so serious a matter Of an Injury so very hard to be repented of as it ought because in such a Case no Repentance will be acceptable without Restitution if it be in our power And perhaps it will undo us in this World to make it and if we do it not will be our Ruin in the other I will put the Case at the best that the matter of the Slander is true yet no man's Reputation is considerably stained though never so deservedly without great harm and damage to him And it is great odds but the matter by passing through several hands is aggravated beyond truth every one out of his bounty being apt to add something to it But besides the Injury it is commonly a very high Provocation And the consequence of that may be as bad as we can imagine and may end in dangerous and desperate Quarrels This reason the wise Son of Sirach gives why we should defame no man Whether it be says he to a friend or a foe talk not of other men's lives For he hath heard and observed thee that is one way or other it will probably come to his knowledge and when the time cometh he will shew his hatred that is he will take the first opportunity to revenge it At the best it is always matter of Grief to the person that is defam'd And Christianity which is the best-natur'd Institution in the World forbids us the doing of those things whereby we may grieve one another A man's good name is a tender thing and a wound there sinks deep into the spirit even of a wise and good man And the more innocent any man is in this kind the more sensible is he of this hard usage because he never treats others so nor is he conscious to himself that he hath deserved it Secondly The Consequences of this Vice are as bad or worse to our selves Whoever is wont to speak evil of others gives a bad character of himself even to those whom he desires to please who if they be wise enough will conclude that he speaks of them to others as he does of others to them And were it not for that fond partiality which men have for themselves no man could be so blind as not to see this And it is very well worthy of our consideration which our Saviour says in this very Case That with what measure we mete to others it shall be measured to us again and that many times heaped up and running over For there is hardly any thing wherein Mankind do use more strict justice and equality than in rendering evil for evil and railing for railing Nay Revenge often goes further than Words A reproachful and slanderous Speech hath cost many a man a Duel and in that the loss of his own Life or the Murther of another perhaps with the loss of his own Soul And I have often wonder'd that among Christians this matter is no more laid to heart And though neither of these great mischiefs should happen to us yet this may be inconvenient enough many other ways For no man knows in the chance of things and the mutability of humane affairs whose kindness and good-will he may come to stand in need of before he dies So that did a man only consult his own safety and quiet he ought to refrain from evil-speaking What man is he saith the Psalmist that desireth life and loveth many days that he may see good Keep thy tongue from evil and thy lips from speaking falshood But there is an infinitely