Linguistic DNA - Concept Modelling Demonstrator

Word A	Word B	Word C	Word D	Occurrence	Frequency Band	MI	MI Band	Prominent
cause_n	bad_a	good_a	reason_n	1,431	5	5.5448	4	false

ID	Title	Author	Corrected Date of Publication (TCP Date of Publication)	STC	Words	Pages
A20463	Foure paradoxes, or politique discourses 2 concerning militarie discipline, written long since by Thomas Digges Esquire. 2 of the worthinesse of warre and warriors, by Dudly Digges, his sonne. All newly published to keepe those that will read them, as they did them that wrote them, from idlenesse.	Digges, Thomas, d. 1595.; Digges, Dudley, Sir, 1583-1639. aut	1604 (1604)	STC 6872; ESTC S109705	71,243	121

and leaue at their pleasure 3 And for the seueritie of Discipline in the warres they say it is like the Phrensie of some Diuines that would haue men in this world passe an Angelicall life without any fault or errors which being so farre aboue the nature of man to performe In aspiring to it many times they commit more foule and grosse faults than the vulgar sort that neuer reach at such perfection and thereby become ridiculous to the world as they also will bee that shall attempt such praecise Discipline Militarie as is vtterly impossible to put in execution and vnnecessarie for this our age where Weapons and Orders of the warres are so altered and changed These are the most effectuall Reasons that euer I could heare alleaged on that side to maintaine their hereticall opinion But as there is no cause so bad but may by finenesse of wit be cleered and made appeare probable So is there no doctrine so false but by craft subtilty of mans inuentions shall bee made plausible and to appeare matter of good truth These reasons indeed at the first appearance seeme probable but being duly weighed are no thing woorth 1 And first for leauing Armes in respect of the furie of the Fireshot which no portable Armor is able to resist is both friuolous and false For there are many reasons to vse conuenient Armes albeit that were true that they profited vs nothing against the Fireshot For they defend vs from the Launco from the Pike the Halberd the Iauelin the Dart the Arrow and the Sword yea and from the greater part of the fireshot also that any way endaunger vs in the field I meane euen the portable and indifferent Armor that is made nâ—t of Musket or Caleuer proofe but onely against the Launce and Pistoll For the greatest part of the fireshot that touch the bodies of any man in the field graze first and strike vpon the ground And from all such shot a meane Armor verie portable and easily to bee worne by any souldier sufficeth to saue a mans life as ordinary experience in the field daily teacheth For indeed to lade men with armes of Musket proofe I am of their opinion were not possible to endure and meere folly to put in vre for many respects too long to commit to writing in this place But this light and meane Armour is still to bee continued in all battailes and battalions that shall encounter with Pike or Launce because it assureth the life of man greatly from all other weapons yea and from the most part of the fireshott also 2 Neyther is there any Martiall Commaunder of iudgment that will obiect his Battailes or Battalions as a But for the great or small Artillerie to play vpon But will alway aduance forward their owne shot and lightest armed loose men to encounter their enemies shot and surprize his Ordinance before the battailes or battalions come within daunger of the Artillerie great or small to bee plaied on at Poinct Blanke And thereby shall the enemie bee enforced eyther to put forward his Light-horse or Fanterie before his great Ordinance to guard and defend them Or else they shall bee possessed or cloyed If hee protect them with horse and foote of his owne from surprize then may the Squadrons march on safely and so by good discretion the armed battailes are in no daunger at all of their Enemies Artillerie but may aduenture forward in safety to backe their owne shott and light armed which were sent to surprize or cloy their enemies Artillery And theÌ„ without any more annoyance of the great Ordinaunce the Battailes come to ioyne with Launce Sword or Pike as in olde time in auncient warres hath beene accustomed Farther all men know that are of skill or experience that great Artillerie verie seldome or neuer can hurt any footeman that vpon giuing fire onely doo but abase themselues on their knee till the volew bee past being much more terrible to vnskilfull and vnexpert new Besoignes than any way hurtfull to trayned Souldiers And therefore as is apparant no reason in respect eyther of the great or small Artillerie or Fireshott eyther to leaue conuenient armes such as the Antiquitie vsed and were able to march withall many hundred miles or such Battalions as the Romanes vsed If any man will obiect that Ruytters with their Pistolles and Argoletires with their Pettronels which the Romanes had not would beat your massie Phalanx of Pikes vsed by the Graecians downe to the ground without receiving any dammage at all by them Heereunto I say if we had not eyther Pistolles or Lances on horsebacke to encounter these Ruytters and Argoletires they said somewhat Or if we had not Musketers on foot to empale or line our battailes that should more spoile their Squadrons of Ruitters before they could approach nigh the place where they should discharge their pistols For there is no souldier of iudgement that commendeth the ancient Romane or Graecian Discipline that would haue vs reiect all Moderne weapons to cleaue to theirs onely But embracing the Moderne fireshot also to leaue the abusing of them and vsing them rightly to vse still the auncient and right Martiall Discipline also of the Romanes and Graecians Wee see long since the fireshot hath beene vsed that the Zwitzers notwithstanding haue continued their massie battailes of armed pikes like the Gaecian Phalanx and verie honourably dischargd themselues both in Italie France and Germanie In such sort as the Emperour Charles the French King both relied on them greatly and to this day of the Mercenaries they carry the reputation with the best So that no furie of the fireshot hath euer caused them to leaue their massie Phalanx by the Graecians vsed How much lesse then should the Romane Order of Battallions feare our Fireshot Nay rather is it not the most excellent ordinance that possibly can be imagined As well to open themselues without disorder to giue a way to their Fireshot to saly forth and retire in safety without any daunger of any charge by their Enemies horse and so more fit and conuenient for our warres and weapons now in vse than they were for the weapons of that age wherein they were first practized And if neither the small nor great artillery of our age could euer make the Zwitzers or Launce-Knights to leaue their massie mayne Battaile or Phalanx but that in all warres they haue so honourably discharged themselues as all Princes are glad to embrace their friendships and aydes how much more wold they haue excelled if they had reuiued also the Roman Embattailing in Battalions which they inuented onely to defeat the Macedonian and Graecian Phalanx 3. Now for the 3. Inuectiue against their Phrenzie that would haue in Souldierie or Diuinitie such refined Discipline as is impossible for men and more fit for Angels I answere I am indeede of their opinion that it is fantasticke and phanaticall to aduise such a Discipline any way as is impossible for men to

doe neerest bonds of duetie and alleagiance might know it is their office to punish euen their deerest freinds offences that our souldiers worthely indeuoring in God their Prince or Countries quarrell to exchange their liues for honor onely might learne to account it their greatest honor to be an honor to their calling by performing the necessarie duties of their calling Then as the Romaines with their victories droue away barbarisme out of our countries by leauing vs a patterne of more ciuill life from their warlicke gouernmeÌ„t of which most parts of Europe yet to this day retaine some remnants I see not but it might please God to reward our industrie by making our conquering swordes the instruments to plante religion amongst Turkes and infidelles and reforme the errors of wandring Christians when they seeing our souldiers such as the Indians did Albuqueria and his company of Portingalls may stedfastly beleeue that God omnipotent as they did that King worthy that hath such vertuous seruaÌ„ts theÌ„ would our warriours like true auncieÌ„t souldiers striue to be religious vertuous full of honesty and we might iustly thinke with the Thessalian those of our countrimeÌ„ most dull and sottish that went not to the warres or say with the Aetolian the warre is better farre than peace for him that hath a minde to proue an honest man For then our Campe would be a schoole of vertue where by dutifull obedience men should be trayned vp and taught what appertaind to wise coÌ„manding where religion perhaps the cause of the quarrell should be so feruent that men would thinke it their cheifest ioy in midst of greatest miseries to haue the feare of God their meditation and an vnspotted life their comfort For theÌ„ the memorie of Alexander that the night before the battell with Darius cald for Aristander to winne the fauour of Gods with sacrifice or of Aeneas Quo iustior alter Nec piâ—tate fuit nec bello maior et armis Than whom there was none more vpright in goodnesse nor more great in fight that in Virgil leaues his companions busied et Arces quibus altus Apollo Praesidet horrendaeque domus Secreta Sibillae antrum immane petit c. To high Apollos temple hies and to those dreaded mysteries the horride vault where Sibil lies c. Or of Camillus that would begin and end his skermishes with prayers or of the Romans whose victories built Churches with whom contempt of the Gods was a certaine signe of ouerthrow would make our souldiers call to minde it is their dutie to be as earnest in holy workes of piety as they were zealous in their superstition they blindly did they knew not what and though through the soules strugling to ascend from whence it came there arose some sprakes that gaue them light to see there was ens entium a power aboue all humane power that lookt for reuerence yet wanting meanes to apprehende that rightly their best endeuors proued but fruitles workes of darkenesse but out of doubt our Christan souldiers as they haue much more hope more helps and more incitements I do presume are much more truely and more earnestly religious These haue assuraÌ„ce grounded on infallible witnesses that they serue the only true and euerliuing God that giues the victory to theÌ„ that rightly call vpon him for it and rewards plentifully those that deserue it These by the orders of their discipline as helps to their weakenes coÌ„forts to their miseries and Ministers of Gods blessings haue necessary Leuites to performe to them all rites that may prepare them that are in health and therefore lesse hindred froÌ„ being prepared for death that hourely haÌ„gs ouer them To assure them when they sometimes beseiged suffer famine as fearefull as that of Ierusalem as great as King Sous his souldiers that would not sorbeare drinke to gaine a Kingdome yet choose to die miserably rather than yeeld to change their faith that that faith shal be rewarded with a happy crowne of Immortalitie To teach theÌ„ that to be sometimes for Christs cause made gallisâ—aues where with the constant spirits of true Christian souldiers they indure afflictions that would make softehearted men such perhappes as speake against souldiers eueÌ„ forsake their great captaine Iesus is a sure meanes to gaine in exchange of those bonds the freedome of Heauen To exhort them last of all if by Gods mercifull preseruation when death came a tithing on any side wheÌ„ multituds of enimies encoÌ„passed them about they proue the sole remnant of many hundreds to returne to their natiue Countrie there to dye in peace that whiles they liue they cannot haue a better president to imitate than the worthy Captaine Cornelius Besides these Minesters these souldiers haue the Scriptures where contemning play bookes and base pamphlets vnfit studies for dying men they may reading learne to imitate Iosua before the battell that prayed the Israelites might not be deliuered into the hands of the Amorites or Moses in the battell that lifted vp his hands to heauen for victorie or Dauid after the battell that praised God the author of his conquests with ioyfull songs of thankesgiuing where they may reading learne to giue continually all honor and religious worshippe to that God That teacheth their fingers to fight and their hands to Battell euen in the midst of their armies from whence he pleases to appropriate vnto himselfe one of his great glorious titles The Lord of Hostes. But perhaps some one obseruing how great Anthony did sacrifice himselfe to luxurie or hauing reade the true cause of Charles the 8 of Fraunce his posting pilgrimage to Paris when he should haue gone for Naples may thinke he sees good reason to condemne a souldiers religion as consisting of too much Deuotion to shee Saints I must confesse the folly of some souldiers in time of Idlenesse hath giuen some colour to the fable of Mars and Venus but I cannot see how the profession can deserue that imputation for either that fable is a Poets mere fiction and so not to be credited since through their lyinge madenesse euen Heauen iâ— selfe is defiled or els is grounded on some naturall cause and then as Sol and Mercurie the Patrons of Poets Lawiers and the like are in the Celestiall Globe neerer to Venus as oft in coniunction and for their naturall proprietie more concordant In reason me thinkes those Poets Lawiers and the like that leade Vitam sedentariam a quiet life sleepe their fill and eate their meate at due seasons must of necessitie be much more subiect to incontinency than Souldiers that may well with Scipio contemne lasciuiousnesse since thinking still how to conquere men their leasure serues them not to become slaues to women that may learne of Scanderbreg to liue long vnmarried and yet most honest that their bodies may be the stronger and better able to do or suffer what pertaines to Souldiers

most famous Generals of our time I meane the Prince of Condee and the Prince of Orange at the first to tollerate these cankers which after wrought the very Ruine of those States It is a singuler warning to King and Princes that haue Realmes to commaund that not yet so farre corrupted and able to yeelde maintenance for honest and right Martiall souldiers by no meanes for want of conuenient wages stipend and pay to giue any colour or excuse to this degenerate bastardly kinde of Seruitors or rather Pickers to excuse their corrupt Artes or Diuellish craftes and abuses And for their Subiects of all degrees rather to giue double and treble Subsidies yearely to continue an honourable pay for maintenance of sober valiant painefull honest obedient souldiers in true Martiall discipline than to become a praye to these mercilesse carrowsing degenerate insatiable monsters And it is to bee hoped the present King of Fraunce if God blesse him with any obedience of his Subiects as were to bee wished and his constancie in Religion and other Heroicall vertues meriteth will no doubt by all due meanes in his Territories endeuour to procure a Reformation of these horrible disorders which is yet vtterly impossible for him to redresse being in that state by long continuance growne to a most difficile and hard cure But as the Estates of the vnited Prouinces by meanes of such bad pay and collections of corruptions in their Martiall or rather mercenarie Commaunders did also for many yeares together continually lose by peacemeale a number of strong Fortes Towers and Prouinces in their possessions being driuen almost on euery side downe into their Marches where they were enforced to implore her Maiesties present ayde to escape their impendent ruine So hauing of late by honourable Example of her Maiesties Bands well reformed that their base kinde of pay and in part thereby also their other abuses which of late yeares hath crept in among their Enemies haue beene able to make head and recouer againe many of those important places that before they lost Repayring thereby somewhat the fault of their former Errors Yet when I perswade to giue vnto all Colonels and such like chiefe Commaunders such Entertainment as may suffice them contentedly to liue without seeking so much as by tolleration or suffering of Frauds to enrich themselues or to supply their wants It is no part of my meaning to haue Collonels so commune or such multitude of needlesse Officers as in disorderly warres hath beene accustomed For one Collonell or Maestro del Campo may very well suffice for three or foure thousand men and the contrarie is but an abuse and embasing of that name which should not bee bestowed but on olde souldiers of iudgement and experience able to discharge a place of that importance And this Officer hauing for himselfe his Martiall his Serieant Maior and other necessary chiefe Officers of his Regiment conuenient allowance to maintaine on honourable Table the inferiour priuate Captaines may and ought to content themselues with meaner port till by vertue and desert they bee aduaunced to higher place And abhorring all vanitie in apparrell and wastefull expences in baser appetites endeuour themselues by trauell care good Armes and trayning of their companies in right Martiall exercises and exploits in the Field vpon their Enemies to make their value knowne and by such Aemulation one to excell another whereby they may bee chosen and aduanced to higher offices The priuate Captaines place being indeede but the first steppe toward Martiall honour And therefore not to bee accompanied with such pompe as now is too too vsuall It may perhaps be replied So long as men are content to accept these glorious names only without any charge to their Princes purses or crauing any encrease of pay it is a small matter to content phantasies with Feathers I answere it it a matter of farre greater consequence than is conceiued For first it embaseth those degrees of honor which chiefly should allure right Martiall mindes and makes them seeme vile when they are so common as they fall to the the lot of persons vnworthy such degree and so grow in contempt and not affected after by the true honourable mindes Besides wanting maintenance for the due port of that place they are enforced to bee patrons to all or many of those disorders and abuses before mentioned vnlesse they would choose to vndoo themselues and friends to maintaine it otherwise which fewe I thinke now a daies vse to doo Farther hauing once taken a greater name they disdain euer after to serue in any inferiour calling fitter indeede for their Experience And so become persons altogether vnprofitable and to maintaine those glorious names enforced by shift of braine to trie conclusions And so by all these meanes the cause of greater inconueniences I conclude therefore by all these reasons before alleaged and the successe of plaine experience also both of old time and in our owne age that as it is more honourable for the Prince and most necessary for the aduancement of the Seruice to haue all chiefe needefull Commaunders to haue such compleat Entertainment as they may without extortion or corruption in themselues or alteration of abuses in others maintaine their place with Reputation and execute Martiall discipline with seuerity So discharging their duties honorably and honestly they shal saue at least one third part of the royal or publike Treasure and yet the forces though not in shew of Ensignes to scare Dawes yet in armed hands to conquer Enemies farre more strong and puissant than those multitudes of colors farced with Freebooters or other seely vnarmed Ghosts or disordered Mutinous persons that by licentious education will scarcely endure the paines of Watch and Ward or abide the due execution of any true Martiall discipline And as these superiour Gouernours and Commaunders doing their duties are worthie of all reputation credite aduauncement and honour So contrariwise after they haue conuenient entertainment if they shall be found the Patrones or Pandars to such corruptions and abuses as tend to the ruine of all true discipline Militare I would wish them disgraded and with all shame disarmed as vncapable euer after to their graue of any true Martiall honour And for proofe of this Proposition in all the chiefe officers also of an Armie for a taste of the rest hauing chosen to treate of the Martiall Censor or generall Comptroler of Musters I say there are of this kinde of Officers as likewise of all others two sorts The one honest iust fearing God respecting the honour commoditie and aduauncement of their Princes Seruice The other neither iust nor honest nor possessed with any Feare or Reuerence of God but ayming onely at fauour wealth and aduauncement in this corrupt world care not what becomes of the Seruice so they may by any meanes enrich themselues and purchase friends to backe them in all their vnhonest proceedings But more briefely or plainly to set forth the different or repugnant

deposed Kings conquered great Princes and brought home to the Treasure of the countrey mightie masses of Gold Siluer were neuerthelesse conteÌ„t to returne home to their poore houses no whit enriched in wealth but only in honour liuing soberly and temperately as before on their priuate patrimony and scarcely a peece of Siluer-plate to be seene in their own houses that haue brought in millions to their State and Realme But if in our Moderne Discipline wee shall see pettie Commaunders that neuer brought into their Princes Realme or State the hundred part of any such masses of Treasure but rather haue had their share in wasting huge sums to little purpose to abound in brauery wast infinitely in all kinde of vanities that I say no worse And more Siluer dishes on their Table than Quintus Dictator or Scipio that conquered Hanniball and razed Carthage It seemeth these men serue themselues as the other did their countrey 28 Wee may read of Romane Generals that by conquering some Prouinces brought so great a masse of wealth to the publique Treasurie of Rome that it ceased Taxes Tributes or Subsidies there for many yeares But if our Moderne Militia cleane contrarie doo still waste and consume the publique Treasure and bee the cause not of ceasing but rather of encreasing of Tributes or Subsidies on their countrey the difference of Discipline indeed is great But which were the better for the honour and commodity of our Prince and countrey is easie by the wise honest and right honourable to bee discerned By the Auncient Discipline little Macedonie conquered all the large and spacious Orientall Empire of the proud rich populous Persians And that smal Realme of Rome subdued so many Nations vnder their obedience in Europe Africke and Asia and made Tributarie so many mightie Kings as their Monarchie was of the whole world admired And that their discipline Militarie was the chiefe or onely cause thereof That famous Romane Emperour Alexander Seuerus in his Oration to his Souldiers declareth saying Disciplina Maiorum Rempub. tenet quae si dilabatur Et nomen Romanum Imperium amittemus If then not onely by the censure or prophesie of that famous Emperour concerning that State but by verie experience also in our owne age of many others our Neighbours round about vs wee may plainely beholde the successe of this corrupt degenerate Moderne Militia so repugnant to the Auncient It were wilfull blindnesse not to discerne which were the better And no lesse negligence to permit the continuance of so daungerous a disease 30 Wee shall also read of Generals in those warlike Common-weales that so highly esteemed of the Martial Discipline of their Nation and were so zealous therein as they would not haue it violated in the least point As Manlius Torquatus that would haue executed his own sonne for encountring in particular combate with his Enemie without leaue and before the Signall of battaile giuen Albeit hee had the victorie and strake-of his enemies head in the sight of both Armies to the great encouragement of the Romanes and terrour of the contrarie side that tooke that particular Encounter as Ominous for the successe of the battaile as it fell indeed out to the great honour of the Romanes and vtter ruine of their Enemies Yet after the victorie this honourable and famous Generall considering the daunger that might haue fallen out if his sonne had not beene victorious and that the discipline Romane was broken by this attempt to fight without licence hee would not spare it in his owne sonne but commaunded the Serients to apprehend him and after hee had beene whipped with rods to bee openly executed wherein hee so constantly perseuered as his whole Victorious Armie on their knees could scarcely obtaine his pardon If then this breach of one point onely of Militarie obedience committed of Magnanimitie and noble courage and aboundance of Zeale to his countrey was in those daies so seuerely censured As the father would not haue pardoned his owne sonne notwithstanding by his happie successe also hee was the chiefest cause of that honourable victorie What shall wee say of such Ring-leaders of corruptions in the new discipline As shall not of any such Magnanimitie or haughtie courage or Zeale to their countrey but of a base corrupt and lucrous minde breake not one or two but many points of Martiall Discipline and therby not get victorie but more than once or twice receiue those dishonourable foiles and disgraces that for shame in those daies no priuate souldier would neuer returne home to abide the due shame and disgrace of What can be said But that it is high time to haue these important Errors looked into least the same succeed heere which in all other States haue done where Martiall Discipline hath beene so neglected and corruptions triumph vnpunished It were infinite to recite all the disorders of our Moderne warres and would require a long Treatise to lay-open all the commendable Ordinances Customes and prouisions of the famous Graecian and Romane Armies whereby they honoured and immortalized their Generals and amplified and enriched their States and Countries But these few notes may suffice to shew how great a difference there is betweene the one and the other Neither is it my meaning to call in question the doings of any particular persons but onely to open the daungerous error of that opinion That the loose customes of our time should be better than the Auncient Or of such excellency as wee neede no reformation or amendement For I doubt not by due consideration of these few by mee recited it is manifest how great a difference there is betweene that Auncient Discipline whereby meane and poore Estates were aduaÌ„ced to mighty Monarchies And these Moderne corruptions whereby flourishing States haue beene spoyled and defaced and mightie Realmes and Empires brought to ruine But because some Patrones of these new corruptions for defence of their bad cause alleage That the late famous inuention of Great Artillerie and Fireshott vnknowen to the Antiquitie and so farre surmounting all the Auncient Romane and Graecian Engines both in terror and effect hath necessarily enforced so great an alteration of Armes Weapons and Militarie Order as the discipline also must cleane chaunge I thinke it fit to set downe some of their chiefe and principall Reasons 1 First therefore say they it is now to small purpose to weare Armes seeing the furie of the Fireshott is such as no Armour is able to holde it out 2 It is vaine to make Battailes or Battalions in such order and forme ranked as among the Graecians or Romanes were accustomed Because the furie of the great Artillerie is such as it oâ—â—â—eth breaketh and dissolueth all Orders or Ordinances that yee can imagine to make And therefore experience hath taught us say they to leaue those massie Bodies of armed Battailes that serue but for Buts for the great Artillerie to play upon And to seeke more nimble and light Fanterie that may bee readie to take

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