such_o part_n in_o order_n but_o if_o all_o the_o part_n which_o the_o thing_n contain_v have_v not_o oneself_o end_n but_o diverse_a then_o divide_v it_o by_o such_o difference_n as_o every_o part_n may_v have_v his_o proper_a end_n moreover_o if_o the_o form_n matter_n or_o cause_n efficient_a have_v diverse_a respect_n and_o consideration_n than_o according_a to_o that_o diversity_n make_v diverse_a division_n and_o first_o declare_v what_o be_v common_a to_o all_o the_o part_n in_o general_n and_o what_o be_v proper_a to_o every_o one_o in_o particular_a final_o if_o some_o one_o whole_a thing_n lie_v hide_v than_o it_o be_v to_o be_v find_v out_o by_o look_v into_o some_o of_o the_o particular_a part_n thereof_o and_o these_o be_v all_o the_o chief_a point_n contain_v in_o the_o latin_a treatise_n which_o my_o friend_n aâ—…ontius_n write_v the_o methodo_fw-la and_o though_o that_o petrus_n ramus_n make_v but_o one_o kind_n of_o method_n that_o be_v to_o say_v to_o proceed_v from_o the_o first_o principle_n or_o element_n yet_o i_o be_o sure_a he_o will_v not_o deny_v but_o that_o to_o go_v forward_o and_o backward_o be_v two_o diverse_a thing_n though_o not_o contrary_a as_o do_v well_o appear_v by_o the_o compositive_a and_o resolutive_a method_n before_o define_v i_o do_v not_o yet_o perfect_o understand_v by_o all_o this_o with_o what_o method_n a_o simple_a question_n be_v to_o be_v handle_v therefore_o i_o pray_v you_o show_v the_o true_a way_n and_o order_n thereof_o the_o method_n or_o way_n in_o handle_v a_o simple_a question_n depend_v upon_o these_o 9_o interrogative_n that_o be_v to_o say_v 1._o first_o what_o signification_n the_o name_n or_o word_n have_v whereof_o the_o question_n be_v make_v and_o how_o it_o be_v to_o be_v take_v 2._o second_o whether_o there_o be_v any_o such_o thing_n or_o not_o 3._o three_o what_o it_o be_v 4._o four_o what_o be_v the_o part_n or_o special_a kind_n thereof_o 5._o five_o what_o be_v the_o cause_n 6._o six_o what_o be_v the_o effect_n 7._o seven_o what_o thing_n be_v incident_a or_o appertinent_a unto_o it_o 8._o eight_o what_o thing_n be_v like_a unto_o it_o 9_o and_o ninth_o what_o thing_n be_v contrary_a to_o it_o all_o which_o question_n aristotle_n reduce_v into_o these_o four_o that_o be_v to_o say_v whether_o it_o be_v what_o it_o be_v what_o manner_n of_o thing_n it_o be_v and_o why_o it_o be_v give_v example_n of_o a_o simple_a question_n handle_v according_a to_o the_o nine_o question_n before_o recite_v as_o for_o example_n if_o we_o have_v to_o treat_v of_o virtue_n first_o we_o must_v show_v the_o diverse_a signification_n of_o virtue_n for_o virtue_n signify_v sometime_o power_n and_o ability_n as_o when_o we_o say_v virtue_n attractive_a virtue_n digestive_a or_o virtue_n expulsive_a but_o here_o virtue_n be_v to_o be_v take_v for_o a_o moral_a habit_n bring_v forth_o good_a and_o commendable_a action_n second_o whether_o virtue_n be_v or_o not_o it_o plain_o appear_v by_o the_o diverse_a do_n of_o man_n whereof_o some_o be_v good_a some_o be_v bad_a three_o what_o virtue_n be_v we_o know_v by_o the_o definition_n thereof_o in_o say_v that_o virtue_n be_v a_o moral_a habit_n incline_v man_n will_n to_o do_v that_o which_o be_v always_o good_a and_o agreeable_a to_o true_a judgement_n four_o the_o kind_n of_o virtue_n be_v diverse_a as_o prudence_n justice_n temperance_n fortitude_n modesty_n and_o such_o like_a five_o the_o cause_n of_o virtue_n be_v also_o diverse_a for_o the_o cause_n efficient_a thereof_o be_v good_a and_o man_n will_n obedient_a to_o true_a reason_n and_o to_o true_a judgement_n the_o matter_n or_o subject_n of_o virtue_n be_v the_o mind_n or_o heart_n of_o man_n the_o final_a cause_n be_v blessedness_n six_o the_o effect_n of_o virtue_n be_v tranquillity_n of_o the_o mind_n and_o many_o prosperous_a success_n and_o also_o public_a utility_n and_o peace_n seven_o thing_n incident_a to_o virtue_n be_v these_o the_o honour_n praise_n and_o commendation_n of_o good_a man_n eight_o thing_n of_o affinity_n or_o like_a to_o virtue_n be_v all_o good_a inclination_n disposition_n or_o good_a natural_a affection_n as_o to_o be_v love_v kind_a and_o merciful_a nine_o thing_n contrary_a to_o virtue_n be_v all_o manner_n of_o vice_n as_o pride_n covetousness_n hypocrisy_n dissimulation_n etc._n etc._n what_o method_n be_v to_o be_v obsern_v in_o handle_v a_o compound_n question_n a_o compound_n question_n be_v to_o be_v handle_v by_o argue_v and_o reason_v on_o both_o side_n whereof_o we_o shall_v treat_v hereafter_o in_o the_o mean_a time_n we_o have_v to_o speak_v of_o a_o proposition_n without_o the_o which_o no_o argument_n can_v be_v make_v for_o all_o argument_n do_v consist_v of_o proposition_n here_o end_v the_o second_o book_n the_o art_n of_o logic_n the_o three_o book_n chap._n i._n of_o a_o proposition_n what_o be_v a_o proposition_n it_o be_v a_o perfect_a speech_n whereby_o something_o be_v manifest_o declare_v to_o be_v true_a or_o false_a whereof_o be_v such_o speech_n special_o compound_v of_o noun_n and_o verb_n which_o noun_n will_v be_v of_o the_o nominative_a case_n and_o the_o verb_n of_o the_o indicative_a mood_n as_o when_o i_o say_v man_n be_v a_o sensible_a body_n for_o the_o logician_n do_v seldom_o allow_v any_o such_o speech_n as_o be_v either_o of_o the_o optative_a imperative_a interrogative_n or_o vocative_n mood_n as_o i_o will_v to_o god_n i_o have_v a_o good_a horse_n this_o speech_n be_v not_o account_v to_o be_v so_o true_a or_o certain_a as_o to_o say_v i_o have_v a_o good_a horse_n of_o how_o many_o part_n do_v a_o proposition_n consist_v of_o three_o that_o be_v to_o say_v the_o subject_n predicat_fw-la and_o copulat_fw-la what_o be_v the_o copulat_fw-la it_o be_v the_o verb_n substantive_n call_v in_o latin_a sum_n es_fw-mi fui_fw-la that_o be_v to_o be_v which_o do_v couple_n or_o join_v the_o predicat_fw-la with_o his_o subject_n as_o when_o we_o say_v man_n be_v a_o sensible_a body_n here_o in_o this_o proposition_n the_o word_n man_n be_v the_o subject_n and_o the_o word_n sensible_a body_n be_v the_o predicat_fw-la and_o the_o verb_n be_v be_v the_o copulat_fw-la which_o copulat_v be_v not_o always_o incident_a to_o every_o proposition_n and_o special_o when_o the_o predicat_fw-la be_v some_o other_o verb_n and_o not_o the_o verb_n substantive_a as_o plato_n dispute_v socrates_n walk_v which_o be_v as_o much_o to_o say_v as_o plato_n be_v dispute_v socrates_n be_v walk_v how_o many_o way_n be_v a_o proposition_n divide_v three_o manner_n of_o way_n that_o be_v according_a to_o substance_n quality_n and_o quantity_n according_a to_o substance_n thus_o of_o proposition_n some_o be_v say_v to_o be_v categoricall_a that_o be_v simple_a and_o some_o hypotheticall_a that_o be_v compound_n of_o which_o compound_v proposition_n we_o mind_n not_o to_o speak_v before_o we_o have_v treat_v of_o all_o thing_n belong_v to_o a_o categoricall_a and_o simple_a proposition_n which_o be_v twofold_a that_o be_v to_o say_v absolute_a and_o modall_a what_o be_v a_o absolute_a categoricall_a proposition_n it_o be_v a_o speech_n which_o affirm_v or_o deny_v something_o absolute_o without_o any_o respect_n as_o when_o we_o say_v god_n be_v true_a or_o every_o man_n be_v a_o liar_n and_o this_o be_v otherwise_o call_v of_o the_o logician_n propositio_fw-la categorica_fw-la de_fw-la inesse_fw-la how_o be_v a_o simple_a proposition_n divide_v according_a to_o quality_n into_o a_o affirmative_a and_o negative_a proposition_n when_o be_v it_o say_v to_o be_v affirmative_a and_o when_o negative_a it_o be_v say_v to_o be_v affirmative_a when_o the_o predicat_fw-la be_v affirm_v of_o the_o subject_n as_o when_o i_o say_v that_o john_n be_v learn_v and_o that_o be_v negative_a when_o the_o predicat_fw-la be_v deny_v of_o the_o subject_n as_o john_n be_v not_o learned_a and_o note_v that_o in_o such_o kind_n of_o speech_n the_o negative_a be_v always_o join_v to_o the_o verbo_fw-la how_o many_o way_n be_v a_o simple_a proposition_n divide_v according_a to_o quantity_n four_o manner_n of_o way_n that_o be_v to_o say_v into_o a_o universal_a particular_a indefinite_a and_o singular_a proposition_n when_o be_v it_o say_v to_o be_v universal_a when_o some_o universal_a sign_n be_v add_v to_o the_o subject_n which_o word_n be_v say_v to_o be_v universal_a sign_n these_o all_o every_o whatsoever_o whosoever_o none_o no_o body_n not_o one_o none_o at_o all_o every_o where_o no_o where_o and_o such_o like_a as_o every_o man_n be_v a_o liar_n no_o man_n be_v true_a when_o be_v it_o say_v to_o be_v a_o particular_a proposition_n when_o some_o particular_a sign_n be_v add_v to_o the_o subject_n which_o call_v you_o particular_a sign_n these_o some_o any_o many_o few_o and_o such_o like_a as_o some_o man_n be_v wise_a few_o be_v wise_a when_o
in_o this_o life_n to_o fly_v vice_n and_o to_o embrace_v virtue_n from_o whence_o all_o good_a action_n do_v spring_n logical_o thus_o every_o man_n shall_v render_v account_n at_o the_o last_o day_n of_o all_o his_o deed_n both_o good_a and_o bad_a and_o shall_v receive_v a_o just_a reward_n according_a to_o the_o same_o ergo_fw-la every_o man_n while_o he_o live_v in_o this_o world_n aught_o to_o fly_v vice_n and_o to_o embrace_v virtue_n from_o the_o cause_n efficient_a sigh_v man_n be_v create_v by_o god_n the_o creator_n of_o all_o thing_n and_o author_n of_o all_o goodness_n excellency_n and_o virtue_n and_o be_v form_v according_a to_o the_o very_a image_n and_o likeness_n of_o god_n it_o behove_v man_n therefore_o to_o imitate_v his_o creator_n and_o by_o lead_v a_o godly_a and_o virtuous_a life_n to_o show_v that_o he_o be_v somewhat_o like_o he_o though_o not_o able_a in_o all_o thing_n to_o attain_v to_o the_o perfection_n of_o so_o perfect_a a_o pattern_n logical_o thus_o god_n the_o cause_n efficient_a be_v good_a therefore_o man_n be_v the_o effect_n aught_o to_o be_v good_a from_o the_o end_n the_o prophet_n and_o apostle_n inspire_v with_o the_o holy_a ghost_n author_n of_o all_o truth_n by_o many_o their_o write_n do_v testify_v that_o the_o greatness_n and_o excellency_n of_o that_o blessedness_n whereunto_o man_n be_v create_v be_v such_o as_o no_o man_n be_v able_a to_o express_v with_o tongue_n nor_o in_o his_o heart_n or_o mind_n to_o conceive_v the_o same_o wherefore_o since_o man_n be_v create_v to_o such_o exceed_a great_a blessedness_n it_o behove_v he_o to_o embrace_v virtue_n which_o be_v the_o very_a mean_a and_o way_n to_o bring_v he_o to_o that_o blessedness_n logical_o thus_o sith_o most_o glorious_a blessedness_n be_v the_o end_n of_o man_n man_n therefore_o ought_v to_o embrace_v virtue_n that_o he_o may_v attain_v to_o that_o end_n what_o argument_n be_v to_o be_v gather_v on_o the_o behalf_n of_o the_o predicate_v and_o from_o what_o place_n these_o that_o follow_v and_o such_o like_a and_o first_o from_o the_o definition_n thus_o from_o the_o definition_n of_o the_o predicate_a sigh_v virtue_n be_v a_o moral_a habit_n whereby_o man_n will_n and_o all_o his_o action_n be_v always_o direct_v to_o god_n and_o govern_v according_a to_o true_a judgement_n and_o thereby_o be_v make_v most_o acceptable_a both_o to_o god_n and_o man_n man_n therefore_o ought_v to_o embrace_v virtue_n from_o whence_o such_o noble_a fruit_n do_v spring_n logical_o thus_o man_n ought_v to_o love_v that_o habit_n from_o whence_o all_o honest_a action_n do_v spring_v therefore_o man_n ought_v to_o love_v virtue_n from_o the_o description_n man_n ought_v with_o all_o endeavour_n to_o follow_v that_o thing_n whereby_o he_o may_v attain_v not_o a_o vain_a and_o transitory_a glory_n but_o a_o true_a and_o everlasting_a glory_n and_o thereby_o to_o be_v make_v acceptable_a both_o to_o god_n and_o man_n wherefore_o man_n ought_v to_o embrace_v virtue_n from_o whence_o such_o glory_n spring_v logical_o thus_o that_o thing_n be_v worthy_a to_o be_v belove_v of_o man_n which_o get_v he_o everlasting_a glory_n therefore_o virtue_n be_v worthy_a to_o be_v belove_v from_o the_o etymology_n sigh_v virtue_n if_o you_o diligent_o consider_v and_o weigh_v the_o signification_n of_o the_o word_n be_v none_o other_o thing_n but_o a_o noble_a affection_n of_o the_o mind_n of_o great_a excellency_n and_o most_o meet_a for_o man_n it_o be_v not_o to_o be_v doubt_v but_o that_o those_o which_o leave_v so_o precious_a a_o thing_n do_v set_v their_o whole_a delight_n in_o seek_v after_o worldly_a riches_n and_o bodily_a pleasure_n be_v much_o deceive_v and_o do_v great_o offend_v logical_o thus_o such_o excellency_n as_o be_v most_o meet_v for_o man_n become_v man_n best_a therefore_o virtue_n become_v he_o best_o from_o the_o general_a kind_a sigh_v it_o be_v well_o know_v that_o man_n ought_v with_o all_o diligence_n to_o seek_v after_o those_o habit_n whereby_o humane_a nature_n be_v best_a adorn_v and_o make_v most_o perfect_a and_o that_o virtue_n among_o such_o habit_n be_v the_o chiese_n because_o that_o thereby_o the_o mind_n of_o man_n be_v teach_v to_o know_v what_o truth_n be_v and_o his_o will_n thereby_o be_v always_o incline_v to_o honest_a and_o laudable_a action_n man_n therefore_o ought_v with_o all_o his_o power_n and_o endeavour_n to_o embrace_v virtue_n logical_o thus_o man_n ought_v chief_o to_o love_v those_o habit_n whereby_o his_o nature_n be_v make_v perfect_a therefore_o man_n ought_v to_o love_v virtue_n from_o the_o special_a kind_a it_o be_v most_o meet_a yea_o most_o necessary_a for_o all_o man_n to_o love_v fortitude_n and_o temperance_n for_o by_o temperance_n man_n will_n be_v bridle_v and_o keep_v from_o all_o evil_a lust_n and_o affection_n and_o by_o fortitude_n he_o be_v make_v free_a from_o fear_n of_o death_n and_o as_o without_o temperance_n man_n life_n can_v be_v honest_a so_o without_o fortitude_n his_o death_n can_v be_v commendable_a wherefore_o it_o plain_o appear_v how_o necessary_a a_o thing_n it_o be_v for_o a_o man_n to_o embrace_v virtue_n as_o that_o which_o chief_o make_v his_o life_n honest_a and_o laudable_a and_o his_o death_n glorious_a and_o honourable_a logical_o thus_o a_o man_n ought_v to_o love_v fortitude_n and_o temperance_n ergo_fw-la he_o ought_v to_o love_v virtue_n from_o the_o corruption_n of_o the_o subject_n the_o destruction_n of_o virtue_n be_v the_o cause_n of_o most_o grievous_a evil_n for_o the_o light_n of_o virtue_n be_v extinct_a the_o mind_n be_v immediate_o wrap_v in_o such_o darkness_n as_o it_o can_v see_v nor_o discern_v what_o be_v honest_a what_o be_v profitable_a or_o what_o be_v hurtful_a by_o mean_n whereof_o man_n fall_v into_o most_o filthy_a vice_n which_o do_v so_o infect_v and_o corrupt_v the_o life_n of_o man_n as_o it_o become_v most_o detestable_a both_o to_o god_n and_o man_n whereby_o it_o plain_o appear_v how_o noble_a a_o thing_n virtue_n be_v and_o with_o what_o love_n and_o diligence_n it_o ought_v to_o be_v embrace_v of_o all_o man_n logical_o thus_o the_o destruction_n of_o virtue_n be_v evil_a therefore_o virtue_n be_v good_a and_o worthy_a to_o be_v belove_v from_o the_o use_n of_o the_o subject_n the_o use_n of_o virtue_n make_v man_n life_n commendable_a holy_a glorious_a and_o acceptable_a both_o to_o god_n and_o man_n than_o which_o nothing_o can_v be_v in_o this_o world_n more_o to_o be_v desire_v of_o man_n wherefore_o it_o manifest_o appear_v that_o virtue_n be_v so_o noble_a a_o thing_n as_o all_o man_n ought_v to_o bestow_v all_o their_o study_n labour_n and_o care_n in_o obtain_v the_o same_o logical_o thus_o the_o use_n of_o virtue_n be_v good_a therefore_o virtue_n be_v good_a from_o common_a accident_n sigh_v all_o man_n do_v great_o desire_v to_o have_v their_o conscience_n quiet_v and_o their_o mind_n free_a from_o all_o evil_a lust_n affect_n and_o passion_n which_o with_o continual_a strife_n do_v molest_v the_o same_o and_o thereby_o do_v cause_n man_n to_o lead_v a_o miserable_a life_n man_n therefore_o ought_v to_o refuse_v no_o pain_n nor_o labour_n so_o as_o he_o may_v attain_v to_o virtue_n which_o be_v always_o accompany_v with_o that_o tranquillity_n of_o mind_n and_o conscience_n that_o be_v so_o much_o desire_v logical_o thus_o the_o tranquillity_n of_o the_o mind_n and_o conscience_n be_v to_o be_v desire_v ergo_fw-la virtue_n which_o be_v always_o accompany_v with_o that_o tranquillity_n be_v to_o be_v desire_v from_o the_o cause_n efficient_a sigh_v true_a virtue_n be_v not_o to_o be_v get_v by_o any_o man_n labour_n exercise_n or_o industry_n without_o the_o great_a grace_n of_o god_n who_o be_v chief_a author_n and_o giver_n of_o all_o good_a gift_n it_o well_o appear_v that_o virtue_n be_v a_o most_o excellent_a thing_n and_o most_o worthy_a to_o be_v have_v in_o admiration_n and_o therefore_o with_o fervent_a love_n and_o diligence_n to_o be_v embrace_v of_o all_o man_n logical_o thus_o god_n the_o chief_a author_n of_o all_o good_a be_v the_o cause_n efficient_a of_o virtue_n therefore_o virtue_n proceed_v of_o so_o worthy_a a_o cause_n must_v needs_o be_v a_o excellent_a thing_n and_o worthy_a of_o all_o man_n to_o be_v embrace_v from_o the_o effect_n true_a honour_n and_o glory_n have_v be_v always_o have_v among_o all_o man_n in_o great_a admiration_n because_o it_o seem_v not_o only_o by_o man_n judgement_n but_o also_o by_o the_o divine_a judgement_n of_o god_n to_o be_v always_o attribute_v to_o virtue_n wherefore_o since_o virtue_n do_v yield_v such_o noble_a fruit_n and_o effect_n virtue_n must_v needs_o be_v a_o noble_a thing_n itself_o and_o worthy_a of_o all_o man_n to_o be_v embrace_v logical_o thus_o the_o effect_n of_o virtue_n which_o be_v true_a honour_n and_o glory_n be_v good_a
not_o of_o the_o matter_n what_o be_v the_o cause_n efficient_a that_o which_o make_v or_o work_v any_o thing_n and_o be_v the_o author_n thereof_o as_o the_o carpenter_n be_v the_o cause_n efficient_a of_o the_o house_n and_o shipwright_n of_o the_o ship_n what_o be_v the_o end_n or_o final_a cause_n it_o be_v that_o for_o who_o sake_n any_o thing_n be_v do_v as_o the_o end_n of_o war_n be_v to_o have_v peace_n the_o end_n of_o study_n be_v to_o get_v learning_n and_o knowledge_n give_v example_n of_o definition_n make_v of_o every_o one_o of_o these_o cause_n of_o matter_n let_v this_o be_v your_o example_n beer_n be_v a_o drink_n make_v of_o malt_n water_n and_o hop_n of_o form_n thus_o man_n be_v a_o sensible_a body_n endue_v with_o a_o soul_n intellective_a or_o reasonable_a which_o be_v the_o true_a shape_n of_o man_n of_o the_o cause_n efficient_a thus_o that_o be_v a_o decree_n of_o the_o senate_n which_o the_o senate_n command_v and_o ordain_v for_o the_o senate_n be_v the_o cause_n efficient_a of_o the_o decree_n anger_n or_o wrath_n be_v the_o boil_a of_o the_o blood_n about_o the_o heart_n through_o the_o stir_v up_o of_o choler_n of_o the_o end_n thus_o a_o house_n be_v a_o building_n make_v to_o defend_v our_o body_n from_o the_o injury_n of_o the_o air_n and_o weather_n may_v not_o a_o good_a definition_n be_v make_v of_o many_o of_o these_o cause_n join_v together_o yes_o indeed_o give_v example_n loe_o here_o the_o example_n of_o demosthenes_n in_o define_v what_o law_n be_v law_n say_v he_o be_v the_o invention_n and_o gift_n of_o god_n and_o the_o decree_n of_o wise_a man_n the_o correction_n of_o crime_n either_o rash_o or_o advise_o commit_v and_o a_o common_a covenant_n or_o consent_n of_o the_o city_n according_a to_o the_o which_o all_o man_n ought_v to_o live_v in_o this_o definition_n the_o first_o and_o chief_a cause_n efficient_a be_v god_n the_o second_o cause_n efficient_a be_v the_o common_a covenant_n or_o consent_n of_o the_o city_n the_o matter_n be_v the_o decree_n of_o the_o wise_a the_o end_n be_v the_o correction_n of_o crime_n and_o the_o keep_n of_o the_o citizen_n in_o good_a order_n of_o life_n when_o be_v a_o definition_n say_v to_o be_v make_v by_o the_o relative_n when_o one_o relative_n be_v interpret_v by_o another_o as_o thus_o he_o be_v a_o father_n which_o have_v a_o son_n and_o he_o be_v a_o master_n which_o have_v a_o servant_n when_o be_v a_o definition_n say_v to_o be_v make_v by_o the_o effect_n virtue_n or_o office_n of_o the_o thing_n define_v when_o the_o nature_n of_o the_o thing_n be_v plain_o declare_v by_o show_v the_o say_a effect_n or_o office_n as_o thus_o a_o adamant_n stone_n be_v that_o which_o be_v lay_v nigh_o to_o iron_n or_o steel_n draw_v the_o steel_n unto_o he_o justice_n be_v a_o virtue_n which_o give_v every_o man_n his_o right_n when_o be_v a_o definition_n say_v to_o be_v make_v by_o number_v up_o of_o the_o part_n when_o it_o contain_v either_o the_o chief_a or_o all_o the_o part_n of_o some_o whole_a thing_n or_o else_o all_o the_o special_a kind_n of_o some_o general_a kind_n give_v example_n of_o both_o these_o way_n of_o the_o first_o thus_o a_o house_n be_v a_o building_n have_v a_o foundation_n wall_n and_o cover_v of_o the_o second_o way_n thus_o a_o sensible_a body_n be_v that_o which_o comprehend_v both_o man_n and_o bruit_n beast_n when_o be_v a_o definition_n say_v to_o be_v make_v by_o heap_v up_o of_o accident_n when_o a_o thing_n be_v rather_o describe_v then_o define_v by_o such_o common_a and_o proper_a accident_n as_o do_v belong_v to_o the_o same_o as_o fire_n be_v a_o element_n that_o be_v hot_a and_o dry_a and_o exceed_v all_o other_o element_n in_o lightness_n and_o therefore_o this_o last_o kind_n of_o definition_n ought_v rather_o to_o be_v call_v a_o description_n then_o a_o definition_n which_o be_v usual_a to_o the_o poet_n orator_n and_o historiographer_n in_o describe_v either_o person_n fact_n or_o thing_n also_o to_o the_o physician_n in_o describe_v their_o simple_n as_o root_n plant_n herb_n and_o such_o like_a chap._n ii_o of_o the_o precept_n to_o be_v observe_v in_o definition_n how_o many_o precept_n be_v to_o be_v observe_v in_o make_v a_o true_a definition_n these_o three_o first_o that_o it_o brief_o express_v the_o whole_a power_n and_o nature_n of_o the_o thing_n define_v second_o that_o there_o be_v nothing_o therein_o superfluous_a nor_o any_o thing_n want_v three_o that_o the_o definition_n be_v not_o common_a to_o many_o thing_n but_o proper_a to_o that_o thing_n only_o which_o be_v define_v so_o as_o it_o may_v make_v it_o to_o differ_v from_o all_o other_o thing_n what_o order_n be_v to_o be_v observe_v in_o make_v a_o dialecticall_a definition_n first_o you_o must_v know_v in_o what_o predicament_n the_o thing_n be_v contain_v which_o you_o will_v define_v to_o the_o intent_n that_o in_o descend_v from_o the_o most_o general_a kind_n down_o towards_o the_o most_o spâ—…ciall_a kind_n of_o the_o same_o predicament_n you_o may_v find_v out_o by_o the_o way_n that_o which_o be_v next_o general_a kind_n to_o the_o thing_n that_o be_v to_o be_v define_v which_o next_o general_n kind_n be_v find_v out_o you_o must_v then_o seek_v out_o the_o special_a difference_n or_o property_n the_o proper_a cause_n effect_n or_o common_a accident_n belong_v to_o the_o same_o as_o for_o example_n if_o you_o will_v define_v what_o virtue_n be_v you_o must_v resort_v to_o the_o predicament_n of_o quality_n wherein_o virtue_n be_v contain_v then_o in_o descend_v from_o quality_n proceed_v to_o habit_n from_o habit_n to_o habit_n of_o the_o mind_n which_o be_v twofold_a that_o be_v to_o say_v intellectual_a and_o moral_a and_o not_o find_v it_o under_o habit_n intellectual_a proceed_v to_o habit_n moral_a for_o that_o be_v the_o next_o general_a kind_n to_o virtue_n that_o do_v seek_v out_o the_o difference_n or_o property_n true_a cause_n or_o effect_v the_o difference_n be_v to_o be_v good_a wherein_o it_o differ_v from_o vice_n for_o vice_n be_v also_o a_o moral_a habit_n as_o well_o as_o virtue_n the_o effect_n of_o virtue_n be_v to_o incline_v man_n will_n to_o do_v always_o according_a to_o right_a reason_n or_o true_a judgement_n so_o shall_v you_o make_v a_o true_a definition_n of_o virtue_n in_o say_v that_o virtue_n be_v a_o good_a moral_a habit_n incline_v man_n will_n to_o do_v always_o according_a to_o true_a judgement_n and_o after_o this_o sort_n you_o may_v learn_v to_o define_v any_o other_o thing_n chap._n iii_o of_o division_n what_o be_v division_n division_n be_v the_o part_n or_o divide_v of_o a_o word_n or_o thing_n that_o be_v more_o general_a unto_o other_o word_n or_o thing_n less_o general_a for_o division_n be_v twofold_a that_o be_v of_o a_o name_n and_o of_o a_o thing_n when_o be_v it_o say_v to_o be_v the_o division_n of_o a_o name_n when_o some_o equinoke_n or_o doubtful_a word_n be_v divide_v into_o his_o manifold_a signification_n as_o this_o word_n wolf_n into_o a_o man_n have_v that_o name_n into_o a_o fourfooted_a beast_n into_o a_o ulcerous_a sore_n and_o into_o a_o certain_a fish_n each_o one_o call_v by_o the_o name_n of_o wolf_n which_o kind_n of_o distinction_n or_o division_n be_v very_a necessarâ—…e_n to_o avoid_v ambiguity_n of_o speech_n which_o ambiguity_n cause_v many_o time_n great_a error_n how_o manifold_a be_v the_o division_n of_o a_o thing_n it_o be_v threefold_a that_o be_v substantial_a partible_a and_o accidental_a when_o be_v it_o proper_o say_v to_o be_v substantial_a when_o any_o general_a kind_n be_v divide_v by_o his_o special_a difference_n into_o his_o proper_a special_a kind_n as_o thus_o of_o sensible_a body_n one_o be_v reasonable_a as_o man_n and_o another_o be_v unreasonable_a as_o a_o bruit_n beast_n when_o be_v this_o kind_n of_o division_n to_o be_v use_v when_o the_o special_a kind_n lack_v proper_a name_n as_o most_o common_o the_o special_a kind_n subalternate_a do_v which_o may_v be_v divide_v again_o as_o general_a kind_n into_o more_o special_a kind_n as_o for_o example_n of_o unreasonable_a beast_n some_o be_v terrestrial_a some_o be_v aquaticall_a and_o some_o airy_n again_o every_o one_o of_o these_o may_v be_v divide_v into_o their_o special_a kind_n even_o until_o you_o come_v to_o the_o low_a of_o all_o and_o unto_o the_o individuum_n comprehend_v under_o the_o same_o and_o that_o not_o only_o of_o thing_n contain_v in_o the_o predicament_n of_o substance_n but_o also_o in_o any_o other_o predicament_n of_o accident_n as_o of_o magnitude_n one_o be_v long_o as_o a_o line_n another_o be_v broad_a as_o a_o superficies_n and_o another_o be_v thick_a as_o a_o body_n this_o division_n though_o it_o â—…e_v of_o accident_n contain_v
the_o art_n of_o logic_n plain_o teach_v in_o the_o english_a tongue_n according_a to_o the_o best_a approve_a author_n very_o necessary_a for_o all_o student_n in_o any_o profession_n how_o to_o defend_v any_o argument_n against_o all_o subtle_a sophister_n and_o cavil_a schismatic_n and_o how_o to_o confute_v their_o false_a syllogism_n and_o captious_a argument_n by_o m._n blundevile_n london_n print_v by_o william_n stansby_n and_o be_v to_o be_v sell_v by_o matthew_n lownes_n 1617._o to_o the_o reader_n mind_v here_o to_o treat_v of_o the_o art_n of_o logic_n in_o our_o vulgar_a tongue_n for_o the_o profit_n of_o those_o my_o countryman_n that_o be_v not_o learn_v in_o foreign_a tongue_n i_o think_v it_o no_o shame_n nor_o robbery_n to_o borrow_v term_n of_o the_o say_a art_n from_o the_o latin_n aswell_o as_o they_o do_v from_o the_o greek_n and_o special_o such_o term_n as_o can_v be_v apt_o express_v in_o our_o native_a speech_n and_o yet_o therewith_o i_o do_v not_o forget_v plain_o to_o show_v the_o signification_n of_o cuery_n such_o term_n so_o as_o every_o man_n may_v easy_o understand_v what_o each_o term_n signify_v think_v it_o much_o better_a so_o to_o do_v then_o to_o fain_v new_a word_n unproper_a for_o the_o purpose_n as_o some_o of_o late_o have_v do_v and_o as_o my_o mind_n be_v hereby_o to_o please_v the_o unlearned_a that_o be_v desirous_a of_o learning_n have_v both_o good_a wit_n and_o also_o good_a disposition_n with_o aptness_n to_o learn_v so_o my_o hope_n be_v not_o to_o offend_v the_o learned_a who_o i_o be_o sure_o do_v well_o allow_v of_o aristotle_n in_o say_v that_o every_o good_a thing_n the_o more_o common_a it_o be_v the_o better_a it_o be_v neither_o be_v they_o ignorant_a that_o in_o old_a time_n past_a aswell_o the_o greek_n as_o the_o latin_n of_o what_o art_n soever_o they_o write_v each_o one_o write_v the_o same_o for_o the_o most_o part_n in_o his_o own_o vulgar_a speech_n every_o man_n be_v not_o able_a in_o these_o costly_a day_n to_o find_v either_o himself_o or_o his_o child_n at_o the_o university_n who_o if_o god_n not_o withstand_v have_v endue_v with_o a_o lively_a wit_n and_o make_v he_o so_o apt_a to_o learning_n as_o have_v some_o help_n at_o home_n he_o may_v by_o his_o own_o industry_n attain_v unto_o right_a good_a knowledge_n &_o be_v make_v thereby_o the_o more_o able_a to_o glorify_v god_n and_o to_o profit_v his_o country_n true_o i_o see_v no_o cause_n why_o the_o learned_a shall_v disdain_v or_o be_v miscontent_v that_o such_o man_n or_o child_n shall_v be_v free_o teach_v this_o or_o any_o other_o good_a art_n without_o any_o cost_n or_o charge_n wherefore_o arm_v myself_o with_o assure_a hope_n that_o with_o this_o my_o labour_n i_o shall_v great_o profit_v and_o pleasure_v the_o unlearned_a and_o not_o hinder_v or_o displease_v the_o learned_a i_o will_v bold_o follow_v my_o enterprise_n and_o here_o brief_o show_v the_o order_n of_o my_o say_a work_n which_o be_v divide_v into_o six_o part_n or_o book_n for_o since_o logic_n be_v chief_o occupy_v in_o discuss_v of_o question_n and_o that_o such_o question_n both_o simple_a and_o compound_n do_v spring_n of_o word_n the_o first_o part_n of_o my_o book_n shall_v treat_v of_o word_n show_v which_o be_v simple_a which_o be_v compound_v and_o also_o which_o comprehend_v more_o and_o which_o comprehend_v less_o &_o which_o be_v of_o affinity_n and_o which_o be_v not_o leave_v out_o no_o necessary_a rule_n belong_v thereunto_o that_o be_v teach_v either_o by_o aristotle_n or_o by_o any_o other_o modern_a writer_n second_o because_o all_o simple_a question_n consist_v of_o single_a word_n be_v to_o be_v discuss_v by_o definition_n and_o division_n the_o second_o part_n treat_v of_o they_o both_o and_o therewith_o show_v also_o with_o what_o method_n and_o order_n such_o simple_a question_n be_v to_o be_v handle_v three_o because_o all_o compound_n question_n be_v to_o be_v discuss_v by_o reason_v or_o argumentation_n and_o that_o every_o kind_n of_o argument_n do_v consist_v of_o proposition_n the_o three_o part_n treat_v of_o a_o proposition_n and_o of_o all_o thing_n belong_v thereunto_o four_o because_o no_o sound_a argument_n can_v be_v make_v to_o prove_v or_o disprove_v any_o thing_n that_o be_v in_o question_n unless_o the_o disputer_n know_v from_o whence_o to_o fetch_v his_o proof_n the_o four_o part_n of_o my_o book_n treat_v of_o all_o the_o place_n from_o whence_o any_o argument_n be_v to_o be_v fetch_v and_o the_o five_o part_n treat_v of_o argumentation_n and_o of_o all_o the_o kind_n thereof_o teach_v how_o every_o kind_n be_v to_o be_v perform_v the_o six_o and_o last_o part_n treat_v of_o confutation_n show_v how_o all_o sophistical_a argument_n be_v to_o be_v confute_v a_o postscript_n though_o i_o write_v this_o book_n many_o year_n past_a while_o i_o sojourn_v with_o my_o most_o dear_a brother_n in_o law_n m._n william_n hurnell_n a_o man_n of_o most_o singular_a humanity_n and_o of_o great_a hospitality_n at_o his_o house_n in_o winkborne_n in_o nottinghamshire_n not_o far_o from_o southwell_n yet_o notwithstanding_o upon_o diverse_a necessary_a consideration_n as_o i_o think_v since_o that_o time_n move_v i_o thereunto_o i_o still_o stay_v it_o from_o the_o press_n until_o now_o of_o late_a that_o i_o be_v full_o persuade_v by_o diverse_a of_o my_o learned_a friend_n to_o put_v it_o in_o print_n who_o have_v diligent_o peruse_v the_o same_o and_o like_v my_o plain_a order_n of_o teach_v use_v therein_o think_v it_o a_o most_o necessary_a book_n for_o such_o minister_n as_o have_v not_o be_v bring_v up_o in_o any_o university_n to_o many_o of_o which_o minister_n though_o god_n have_v give_v the_o gift_n of_o utterance_n and_o great_a good_a zeal_n to_o set_v forth_o in_o good_a speech_n the_o true_a christian_a doctrine_n yet_o if_o they_o shall_v have_v to_o deal_v with_o subtle_a sophister_n and_o cavil_v schismatic_n whereof_o in_o these_o day_n the_o more_o be_v the_o pity_n there_o be_v too_o many_o they_o be_v not_o able_a without_o the_o help_n of_o logic_n to_o defend_v the_o truth_n of_o god_n word_n and_o orderly_o to_o confute_v such_o false_a conclusion_n as_o perverse_a schismatic_n and_o heretic_n be_v wont_a to_o gather_v out_o of_o the_o very_a word_n of_o holy_a scripture_n wherefore_o through_o my_o say_a friend_n persuasion_n i_o have_v now_o at_o length_n commit_v my_o say_a book_n to_o the_o press_n pray_v all_o those_o that_o shall_v vouchsafe_v to_o read_v it_o as_o thankful_o to_o accept_v the_o same_o as_o of_o my_o part_n it_o be_v friendly_o offer_v vale._n the_o content_n of_o the_o chapter_n contain_v in_o these_o six_o book_n of_o logic_n the_o first_o book_n treat_v of_o a_o question_n and_o of_o word_n both_o singular_a and_o universal_a what_o logic_n be_v of_o what_o part_n it_o consist_v and_o whereto_o such_o part_n do_v serve_v which_o be_v the_o two_o chief_a office_n of_o logic_n and_o wherein_o logic_n be_v chief_o occupy_v that_o be_v in_o discuss_v of_o question_n which_o be_v do_v by_o definition_n division_n and_o argumentation_n chap._n 1._o what_o a_o question_n be_v and_o that_o every_o question_n be_v either_o simple_a or_o compound_n also_o of_o what_o part_v a_o compound_a question_n consist_v that_o be_v to_o say_v of_o two_o part_n call_v the_o subject_n and_o the_o predicate_v and_o what_o those_o term_n do_v signify_v because_o all_o question_n do_v consist_v of_o word_n either_o simple_a or_o compound_n in_o this_o chapter_n be_v set_v down_o three_o principal_a division_n of_o word_n first_o which_o be_v simple_a and_o which_o be_v compound_v second_o which_o be_v of_o the_o first_o intention_n and_o which_o be_v of_o the_o second_o intention_n and_o three_o which_o be_v singular_a call_v in_o latin_a individua_fw-la and_o which_o be_v universal_a chap._n 2._o what_o individuum_fw-la be_v and_o all_o the_o four_o kind_n thereof_o that_o be_v individuum_fw-la determinatum_fw-la individuum_fw-la demonstratiwm_fw-la individuum_fw-la vagum_fw-la and_o individuum_fw-la ex_fw-la hypothesi_fw-la that_o be_v to_o say_v by_o supposition_n chap._n 3._o of_o universal_a word_n whereof_o some_o be_v call_v predicable_n and_o some_o predicament_n and_o first_o of_o the_o five_o predicable_n that_o be_v genus_fw-la species_n differentia_fw-la proprium_fw-la and_o accidens_fw-la and_o how_o every_o one_o be_v divide_v and_o to_o what_o use_v they_o serve_v but_o first_o of_o species_n and_o then_o of_o the_o rest_n chap._n 4._o of_o predication_n and_o of_o the_o diverse_a kind_n thereof_o chap._n 5._o of_o the_o ten_o predicament_n in_o general_a which_o be_v these_o substantia_fw-la quantitas_fw-la qualitas_fw-la relatio_fw-la actio_fw-la passio_fw-la vbi_fw-la quando_fw-la situm_fw-la est_fw-la and_o habere_fw-la chap._n 6._o of_o the_o forepredicament_n and_o show_v
and_o of_o the_o diverse_a kind_n thereof_o what_o be_v a_o compound_n syllogism_n and_o how_o many_o kind_n thereof_o be_v there_o a_o compound_n syllogism_n be_v that_o which_o be_v make_v of_o compound_a proposition_n whereof_o as_o there_o be_v three_o sort_n so_o they_o make_v three_o kind_n of_o compound_a syllogism_n that_o be_v to_o say_v conditional_a disiunctive_a and_o copulative_a of_o how_o many_o part_n do_v a_o compound_a syllogism_n consist_v of_o three_o as_o well_o as_o a_o simple_a syllogism_n that_o be_v of_o the_o mayor_n contain_v two_o simple_a proposition_n and_o of_o the_o minor_a repeat_v the_o one_o part_n of_o the_o mayor_n and_o of_o the_o conclusion_n conclude_v the_o other_o part_n of_o the_o mayor_n as_o in_o this_o example_n if_o this_o woman_n have_v have_v a_o child_n she_o have_v lie_v with_o a_o man_n but_o she_o have_v have_v a_o child_n ergo_fw-la she_o have_v lie_v with_o a_o man_n how_o be_v the_o truth_n of_o a_o compound_n syllogism_n to_o be_v sound_a out_o by_o reduce_v the_o same_o into_o a_o simple_a syllogism_n thus_o every_o woman_n that_o have_v have_v a_o child_n have_v lie_v with_o a_o man_n but_o this_o woman_n have_v have_v a_o child_n ergo_fw-la she_o have_v lie_v with_o a_o man_n be_v there_o no_o other_o kind_n of_o compound_a syllogism_n no_o if_o you_o consider_v the_o order_n of_o conclude_v there_o be_v but_o three_o kind_n or_o way_n that_o be_v to_o say_v conditional_a disiunctive_a and_o copulative_a but_o if_o you_o consider_v the_o variety_n in_o utter_v such_o syllogism_n you_o may_v make_v seven_o sort_n or_o way_n whereof_o three_o appertain_v to_o the_o conditional_a two_o to_o the_o disiunctive_a and_o two_o to_o the_o copulative_a which_o be_v the_o first_o way_n the_o first_o way_n be_v of_o the_o antecedent_n which_o be_v grant_v the_o consequent_a must_v needs_o follow_v both_o affirmative_o and_o negative_o affirmative_o thus_o if_o he_o be_v godly_a he_o be_v bless_v he_o be_v godly_a therefore_o bless_v negative_o thus_o if_o he_o be_v not_o godly_a he_o shall_v not_o be_v bless_v but_o he_o be_v not_o godly_a ergo_fw-la he_o be_v not_o bless_v which_o be_v the_o secondway_n the_o second_o way_n be_v of_o the_o consequent_a which_o fail_v the_o antecedent_n must_v also_o needs_o fail_v as_o thus_o if_o he_o be_v wise_a he_o be_v sree_a but_o he_o be_v not_o free_a ergo_fw-la not_o wise_a which_o be_v the_o three_o way_n the_o three_o way_n be_v when_o by_o grant_v the_o antecedent_n the_o consequent_a fail_v as_o thus_o if_o he_o be_v not_o wise_a he_o be_v wretched_a but_o he_o be_v wise_a ergo_fw-la not_o wretched_a which_o be_v the_o four_o way_n the_o four_o way_n be_v when_o the_o former_a part_n of_o the_o mayor_n proposition_n disiunctive_a be_v put_v the_o latter_a part_n be_v clean_o take_v away_o as_o thus_o he_o be_v either_o good_a or_o evil_n but_o he_o be_v good_a ergo_fw-la not_o evil_a which_o be_v the_o five_o way_n the_o five_o way_n be_v when_o the_o former_a part_n of_o the_o disiunctive_a be_v take_v away_o the_o latter_a part_n must_v needs_o stand_v as_o thus_o he_o be_v either_o good_a or_o evil_n but_o he_o be_v not_o good_a ergo_fw-la he_o be_v evil_a for_o all_o syllogism_n disiunctive_a be_v make_v for_o the_o most_o part_n of_o part_n repugnant_a whereof_o there_o can_v be_v no_o more_o but_o one_o true_a part_n which_o be_v the_o six_o way_n the_o six_o way_n be_v by_o put_v a_o negative_a before_o the_o conjunction_n copulative_a so_o as_o it_o make_v the_o antecedent_n to_o stand_v and_o take_v away_o the_o consequent_a as_o thus_o he_o be_v not_o both_o wise_a and_o wretched_a but_o he_o be_v wise_a ergo_fw-la not_o wretched_a which_o be_v the_o seven_o way_n the_o seven_o way_n be_v when_o the_o negative_a be_v place_v in_o like_a manner_n before_o the_o conjunction_n copulative_a but_o yet_o so_o as_o the_o antecedent_n be_v take_v away_o the_o consequent_a do_v stand_v as_o thus_o he_o be_v not_o both_o wise_a and_o wretched_a but_o he_o be_v not_o wise_a ergo_fw-la wretched_a chap._n xvi_o of_o a_o consequent_a and_o by_o what_o mean_n and_o rule_v the_o goodness_n thereof_o be_v to_o be_v know_v but_o since_o the_o goodness_n of_o a_o hypotheticall_a syllogism_n depend_v upon_o the_o goodness_n of_o the_o consequent_a it_o shall_v not_o be_v amiss_o to_o treat_v here_o of_o a_o consequent_a and_o first_o to_o define_v what_o it_o be_v and_o to_o show_v how_o it_o be_v divide_v what_o be_v a_o consequent_a a_o consequent_a be_v a_o speech_n consist_v of_o such_o part_n as_o do_v follow_v one_o another_o and_o be_v join_v together_o with_o some_o rational_a that_o be_v to_o say_v a_o infer_v or_o employ_v conjunction_n as_o ergo_fw-la then_o therefore_o and_o such_o like_a how_o many_o part_n be_v requisite_a in_o a_o consequent_a three_o that_o be_v the_o antecedent_n the_o consequent_a and_o the_o infer_v sign_n or_o note_n for_o of_o these_o three_o part_n every_o consequent_a consist_v how_o be_v it_o divide_v into_o two_o that_o be_v good_a and_o evil_a again_o the_o good_a be_v divide_v into_o two_o that_o be_v formal_n and_o material_a when_o be_v it_o say_v to_o be_v formal_a when_o the_o antecedent_n be_v true_a the_o consequent_a do_v necessary_o follow_v thereof_o as_o when_o i_o say_v this_o woman_n have_v have_v a_o child_n ergo_fw-la she_o have_v lie_v with_o a_o man_n when_o be_v it_o say_v to_o be_v material_a when_o the_o consequent_a do_v not_o of_o necessity_n but_o casual_o follow_v the_o antecedent_n be_v true_a as_o socrates_n walk_v abroad_o ergo_fw-la it_o be_v fair_a weather_n whereupon_o do_v the_o goodness_n of_o a_o consequent_a chief_o depend_v it_o depend_v not_o so_o much_o of_o the_o truth_n of_o the_o antecedent_n and_o of_o the_o consequent_a as_o of_o the_o necessary_a connexion_n or_o knit_v of_o they_o together_o and_o if_o the_o same_o be_v in_o form_n of_o a_o syllogism_n it_o require_v also_o the_o precept_n of_o mood_n and_o figure_n before_o teach_v to_o be_v observe_v how_o else_o shall_v a_o man_n know_v whether_o a_o consequent_a be_v good_a or_o not_o by_o examine_v the_o same_o with_o the_o maxim_n or_o general_a rule_n of_o the_o place_n whereof_o some_o do_v yield_v proof_n or_o cause_n necessary_a some_o probable_a and_o some_o only_a conjectural_a what_o rule_n do_v the_o schoolman_n set_v down_o to_o know_v a_o good_a consequent_a they_o set_v down_o some_o more_o some_o less_o but_o caesarius_n only_o recite_v two_o which_o be_v these_o the_o first_o be_v if_o a_o consequent_a do_v necessary_o follow_v of_o his_o antecedent_n than_o the_o contrary_a of_o the_o antecedent_n must_v needs_o necessary_o follow_v the_o contrary_a of_o the_o consequent_a as_o for_o example_n because_o this_o be_v a_o good_a consequent_a to_o say_v it_o be_v a_o man_n ergo_fw-la it_o be_v a_o sensible_a body_n it_o be_v a_o good_a conquent_n to_o say_v it_o be_v no_o sensible_a body_n ergo_fw-la it_o be_v no_o man_n the_o reason_n thereof_o be_v because_o the_o contrary_a of_o the_o consequent_a and_o the_o antecedent_n can_v be_v both_o true_a together_o but_o one_o of_o they_o must_v needs_o be_v false_a the_o second_o rule_n be_v that_o whatsoever_o follow_v upon_o a_o good_a consequent_a must_v needs_o also_o follow_v upon_o the_o antecedent_n thereof_o as_o for_o example_n if_o it_o be_v a_o good_a consequent_a to_o say_v it_o be_v a_o man_n ergo_fw-la it_o be_v a_o sensible_a body_n you_o may_v aswell_o say_v if_o it_o be_v a_o sensible_a body_n ergo_fw-la it_o be_v a_o substance_n and_o since_o that_o a_o sensible_a body_n be_v a_o substance_n you_o may_v therefore_o aswell_o conclude_v that_o a_o man_n be_v a_o substance_n to_o these_o rule_v you_o may_v add_v also_o the_o three_o which_o be_v that_o of_o true_a thing_n nothing_o can_v follow_v but_o truth_n but_o of_o false_a thing_n sometime_o that_o which_o be_v false_a and_o sometime_o that_o which_o be_v true_a as_o have_v be_v say_v before_o and_o yet_o such_o truth_n follow_v not_o by_o virtue_n of_o the_o false_a premise_n but_o because_o the_o conclusion_n or_o consequent_a be_v a_o true_a proposition_n of_o itself_o as_o in_o this_o example_n every_o sensible_a body_n be_v a_o tree_n but_o every_o peartree_n be_v a_o sensible_a body_n ergo_fw-la every_o peartree_n be_v a_o tree_n chap._n xvii_o of_o a_o syllogism_n demonstrative_a hitherto_o we_o have_v treat_v of_o a_o syllogism_n according_a to_o the_o first_o three_o of_o the_o four_o division_n thereof_o before_o mention_v for_o if_o you_o remember_v well_o we_o say_v that_o according_a to_o the_o first_o division_n a_o syllogism_n be_v either_o categoricall_a or_o hypotheticall_a according_a to_o the_o second_o division_n either_o common_a or_o expository_n according_a to_o the_o three_o
division_n either_o perfect_a or_o unperfect_a and_o according_a to_o the_o four_o division_n either_o demonstrative_a dialecticall_a or_o sophistical_a whereof_o we_o come_v now_o to_o speak_v and_o first_o of_o a_o syllogism_n demonstrative_a what_o be_v a_o syllogism_n demonstrative_a a_o syllogism_n demonstrative_a be_v that_o which_o be_v make_v of_o necessary_a immediate_a true_a certain_a and_o infallible_a proposition_n be_v first_o and_o so_o know_v as_o they_o need_v none_o other_o proof_n what_o mean_v you_o by_o necessary_a and_o immediate_a proposition_n necessary_a proposition_n be_v those_o which_o can_v be_v otherwise_o as_o those_o which_o do_v consist_v of_o the_o general_a kind_n of_o the_o special_a kind_n of_o the_o difference_n or_o of_o the_o property_n as_o have_v be_v say_v before_o and_o therefore_o aristotle_n make_v a_o difference_n betwixt_o a_o demonstrative_a and_o a_o dialecticall_a proposition_n for_o a_o demonstrative_a proposition_n consist_v of_o matter_n natural_a be_v necessary_o true_a and_o can_v be_v otherwise_o but_o a_o dialecticall_a proposition_n consist_v of_o matter_n contingent_a or_o casual_a be_v only_o probable_a and_o may_v be_v otherwise_o what_o be_v immediate_a proposition_n immediate_a proposition_n be_v those_o which_o be_v first_o and_o have_v none_o before_o they_o whereby_o they_o can_v be_v pron_v as_o every_o sensible_a body_n endue_v with_o reason_n be_v apt_a to_o learn_v aristotle_n also_o set_v down_o three_o property_n or_o condition_n belong_v to_o the_o subject_n and_o predicate_v of_o a_o demonstrative_a proposition_n which_o be_v those_o property_n these_o to_o be_v speak_v of_o all_o by_o itself_o and_o universal_o what_o be_v to_o be_v speak_v of_o all_o it_o be_v when_o the_o predicate_a be_v know_v to_o be_v altogether_o and_o always_o in_o the_o subject_n either_o as_o a_o part_n of_o the_o substance_n thereof_o as_o when_o it_o be_v a_o general_a kind_n the_o special_a kind_n the_o difference_n or_o the_o property_n as_o some_o inseparable_a accident_n always_o incident_a to_o the_o say_a subject_n as_o when_o i_o say_v every_o man_n be_v a_o sensible_a body_n or_o every_o man_n be_v endue_v with_o reason_n or_o every_o man_n be_v apt_a to_o speak_v or_o every_o swan_n be_v white_a or_o every_o fire_n be_v hot_a what_o be_v to_o be_v speak_v by_o itself_o that_o be_v when_o the_o predicate_a be_v either_o the_o definition_n of_o the_o subject_n as_o a_o man_n be_v a_o sensible_a body_n endue_v with_o reason_n or_o else_o some_o part_n of_o the_o definition_n as_o man_n be_v a_o sensible_a body_n or_o man_n be_v endue_v with_o reason_n what_o be_v to_o be_v speak_v universal_o it_o be_v when_o the_o predicate_a be_v in_o the_o subject_n and_o in_o every_o such_o subject_n by_o itself_o and_o first_o as_o when_o i_o say_v a_o man_n be_v a_o sensible_a body_n endue_v with_o reason_n here_o this_o predicate_v sensible_a body_n endue_v with_o reason_n be_v not_o only_o speak_v of_o man_n but_o of_o every_o man_n in_o general_a by_o itself_o and_o first_o for_o if_o you_o shall_v say_v peter_n or_o socrates_n be_v a_o sensible_a body_n endue_v with_o reason_n here_o the_o predicate_a be_v not_o speak_v of_o any_o of_o these_o as_o first_o but_o in_o the_o second_o place_n because_o they_o be_v comprehend_v under_o the_o word_n man_n for_o general_a kind_n be_v say_v to_o be_v before_o special_a kind_n and_o special_a kind_n before_o individuum_n as_o have_v be_v say_v before_o how_o do_v aristotle_n define_v demonstration_n in_o this_o sort_n demonstration_n be_v a_o syllogism_n make_v of_o such_o proposition_n as_o be_v true_a first_o immediate_a and_o manifest_o know_v and_o be_v the_o cause_n of_o the_o conclusion_n first_o and_o immediate_a here_o be_v all_o one_o signify_v such_o proposition_n as_o need_v not_o to_o be_v prove_v or_o make_v more_o evident_a by_o any_o other_o former_a proposition_n again_o the_o premise_n must_v be_v more_o know_v than_o the_o conclusion_n for_o otherwise_o it_o shall_v neither_o be_v demonstration_n nor_o yet_o good_a syllogism_n final_o the_o premise_n must_v render_v the_o very_a cause_n of_o the_o conclusion_n and_o therefore_o aristotle_n in_o another_o place_n say_v that_o demonstration_n be_v a_o syllogism_n cause_v knowledge_n and_o science_n what_o be_v science_n it_o be_v a_o firm_a and_o assure_a knowledge_n of_o any_o thing_n what_o be_v to_o know_v we_o be_v say_v to_o know_v a_o thing_n when_o we_o know_v the_o true_a cause_n thereof_o and_o that_o it_o can_v be_v otherwise_o for_o to_o make_v a_o perfect_a demonstration_n we_o must_v not_o only_o show_v that_o there_o be_v such_o a_o thing_n as_o we_o go_v about_o to_o prove_v but_o also_o we_o must_v show_v the_o cause_n why_o it_o be_v so_o for_o as_o aristotle_n say_v every_o discipline_n and_o doctrine_n intellective_a depend_v upon_o a_o former_a knowledge_n which_o be_v twofold_a whereof_o the_o one_o be_v to_o know_v that_o the_o principle_n that_o be_v to_o say_v the_o premise_n of_o the_o demonstration_n be_v true_a and_o the_o other_o be_v to_o know_v the_o true_a signification_n of_o the_o subject_n and_o predicate_v of_o the_o question_n for_o unless_o a_o man_n know_v what_o the_o name_n of_o the_o subject_n signify_v whereof_o the_o question_n rise_v and_o also_o the_o proper_a quality_n of_o the_o same_o how_o shall_v he_o be_v able_a to_o judge_v whether_o the_o proof_n which_o be_v bring_v in_o to_o prove_v the_o question_n withal_o be_v to_o the_o purpose_n or_o not_o again_o unless_o he_o know_v the_o premise_n to_o be_v true_a the_o demonstration_n shall_v breed_v no_o certain_a knowledge_n in_o he_o give_v example_n of_o a_o syllogism_n demonstrative_a let_v this_o be_v your_o example_n every_o sensible_a body_n endue_v with_o reason_n be_v apt_a to_o learn_v but_o every_o man_n be_v a_o sensible_a body_n endue_v with_o reason_n ergo_fw-la every_o man_n be_v apt_a to_o learn_v here_o you_o see_v that_o in_o this_o syllogism_n the_o premise_n be_v true_a and_o first_o do_v render_v the_o cause_n of_o the_o conclusion_n and_o thereby_o do_v imply_v a_o most_o true_a consequent_a for_o whoso_o will_v go_v about_o to_o demonstrate_v any_o of_o the_o premise_n by_o some_o other_o former_a or_o more_o know_a proposition_n shall_v lose_v his_o labour_n since_o there_o be_v none_o before_o they_o more_o certain_a nor_o more_o know_v to_o prove_v this_o conclusion_n withal_o then_o they_o for_o to_o understand_v the_o truth_n of_o these_o premise_n it_o suffice_v only_o to_o know_v the_o signification_n of_o the_o term_n and_o to_o have_v some_o experience_n of_o the_o thing_n call_v man_n and_o therefore_o this_o kind_n of_o demonstration_n be_v call_v of_o the_o schoolman_n syllogismus_fw-la scientificus_fw-la because_o it_o yield_v the_o perfect_a knowledge_n and_o science_n of_o the_o thing_n in_o question_n chap._n xviii_o of_o the_o certainty_n of_o man_n knowledge_n whereof_o depend_v the_o certainty_n of_o man_n knowledge_n of_o three_o thing_n that_o be_v of_o universal_a experience_n of_o principle_n and_o of_o natural_a knowledge_n that_o a_o man_n have_v in_o judge_v of_o consequent_n for_o these_o be_v three_o infallible_a rule_n of_o certitude_n or_o truth_n in_o all_o kind_n of_o doctrine_n what_o be_v universal_a experience_n universal_a experience_n be_v the_o common_a judgement_n of_o man_n in_o such_o thing_n as_o be_v to_o be_v perceive_v and_o know_v by_o the_o outward_a sense_n as_o fire_n to_o be_v hot_a the_o heaven_n to_o turn_v round_o about_o wine_n and_o pepper_n to_o be_v hot_a in_o operation_n woman_n to_o bring_v forth_o child_n and_o not_o man_n which_o thing_n all_o man_n unless_o they_o be_v mad_a and_o out_o of_o their_o wit_n must_v needs_o confess_v to_o be_v true_a what_o be_v principle_n principle_n be_v certain_a general_a conception_n and_o natural_a knowledge_n graft_v in_o man_n mind_n of_o god_n to_o the_o intent_n that_o by_o the_o help_n thereof_o he_o may_v invent_v such_o art_n as_o be_v necessary_a in_o this_o life_n for_o man_n behoof_n for_o by_o the_o natural_a knowledge_n of_o the_o mind_n we_o understand_v number_n order_n proportion_n and_o all_o other_o necessary_a art_n and_o science_n how_o do_v aristotle_n define_v principle_n in_o this_o manner_n principle_n be_v true_a proposition_n have_v credit_n of_o themselves_o and_o need_v no_o other_o proof_n how_o many_o division_n do_v the_o schoolman_n make_v principle_n diverse_a rehearse_v those_o division_n the_o first_o be_v of_o principle_n some_o be_v call_v speculative_a and_o some_o practive_a the_o speculative_a be_v those_o natural_a knowledge_n or_o proposition_n whereof_o natural_a philosophy_n or_o the_o mathematical_a science_n be_v ground_v as_o these_o the_o whole_a be_v more_o than_o his_o part_n those_o thing_n which_o be_v equal_a to_o a_o three_o be_v equal_a among_o themselves_o of_o one_o simple_a body_n
not_o first_o neither_o do_v they_o show_v the_o original_a cause_n of_o the_o conclusion_n for_o the_o mayor_n of_o this_o syllogism_n may_v be_v prove_v by_o a_o former_a and_o more_o know_a proposition_n for_o that_o which_o be_v more_o general_a be_v more_o know_v then_o that_o which_o be_v less_o general_a as_o thus_o every_o live_a body_n be_v nourishable_a but_o every_o sensible_a body_n be_v a_o live_a body_n ergo_fw-la every_o sensible_a body_n be_v nourishable_a again_o it_o be_v say_v to_o be_v unperfect_a when_o we_o proceed_v from_o the_o effect_n to_o the_o cause_n as_o when_o we_o say_v it_o be_v day_n ergo_fw-la the_o sun_n be_v up_o but_o that_o demonstration_n which_o proceed_v from_o the_o cause_n to_o the_o effect_n be_v the_o more_o worthy_a because_o we_o use_v therein_o discourse_n of_o reason_n and_o understanding_n and_o in_o the_o other_o we_o only_o judge_v by_o the_o outward_a sense_n whereof_o spring_v two_o principal_a kind_n of_o method_n that_o be_v to_o say_v compendious_a or_o short_a order_n or_o way_n of_o teach_v in_o all_o manner_n of_o science_n whereof_o the_o one_o be_v call_v composition_n proceed_v forward_o from_o the_o first_o to_o the_o last_o and_o the_o other_o be_v call_v resolution_n proceed_v backward_o from_o the_o last_o to_o the_o first_o as_o have_v be_v say_v before_o in_o the_o 〈◊〉_d method_n lib._n 2._o cap._n 5._o chap._n xx._n of_o science_n opinion_n ignorance_n wit_n and_o of_o the_o four_o sciencial_a question_n what_o other_o thing_n be_v wont_a to_o be_v treat_v of_o by_o the_o schoolman_n in_o demonstration_n diverse_a thing_n as_o what_o difference_n be_v betwixt_o science_n and_o opinion_n also_o they_o treat_v of_o the_o diverse_a kind_n of_o ignorance_n of_o prompt_a wit_n and_o of_o the_o four_o scienciall_a question_n what_o difference_n be_v betwixt_o science_n and_o opinion_n science_n as_o have_v be_v say_v before_o be_v that_o which_o consist_v of_o necessary_a certain_a and_o infallible_a proposition_n and_o of_o such_o thing_n as_o can_v be_v otherwise_o opinion_n be_v the_o knowledge_n of_o thing_n casual_a which_o may_v be_v sometime_o false_a and_o sometime_o true_a how_o many_o kind_n of_o ignorance_n do_v the_o schoolman_n make_v two_o that_o be_v to_o say_v absolute_a which_o of_o the_o schoolman_n be_v call_v ignorantia_fw-la negationis_fw-la and_o ignorance_n by_o false_a conception_n which_o they_o call_v ignorantia_fw-la affectionis_fw-la the_o first_o be_v when_o we_o utter_o deny_v to_o have_v any_o knowledge_n of_o a_o thing_n at_o all_o the_o other_o be_v when_o we_o think_v to_o know_v that_o which_o we_o know_v not_o be_v deceive_v by_o some_o false_a persuasion_n whereunto_o we_o be_v affect_v whereof_o it_o be_v call_v ignorantia_fw-la affectionis_fw-la how_o do_v aristotle_n define_v prompt_a wit_n call_v of_o the_o latin_n solertia_fw-la he_o define_v it_o to_o be_v a_o promptness_n or_o readiness_n in_o quick_o find_v out_o the_o proof_n or_o cause_n of_o any_o thing_n that_o be_v in_o question_n without_o any_o study_n which_o be_v the_o four_o sciential_a question_n these_o whether_o the_o thing_n be_v what_o it_o be_v how_o it_o be_v and_o wherefore_o it_o be_v whereof_o the_o first_o enquire_v of_o the_o subject_n whether_o it_o be_v the_o second_o of_o the_o predicate_v as_o what_o it_o be_v the_o three_o how_o it_o be_v that_o be_v to_o say_v how_o the_o predicate_a be_v speak_v of_o the_o subject_n and_o the_o four_o ask_v the_o cause_n why_o it_o be_v speak_v of_o the_o subject_n and_o thus_o much_o of_o a_o syllogism_n demonstrative_a now_o of_o a_o syllogism_n dialecticall_a or_o probable_a chap._n xxi_o of_o a_o syllogism_n dialecticall_a what_o be_v a_o dialecticall_a syllogism_n a_o dialecticall_a syllogism_n be_v that_o which_o be_v make_v of_o probable_a and_o credible_a proposition_n what_o thing_n be_v say_v to_o be_v probable_a thing_n probable_a according_a to_o aristotle_n be_v these_o that_o seem_v true_a to_o all_o man_n or_o to_o the_o most_o part_n of_o man_n or_o to_o all_o wise_a man_n or_o to_o the_o most_o part_n of_o wise_a man_n or_o else_o to_o the_o most_o approve_a wise_a man_n whereby_o it_o appear_v that_o thing_n probable_a may_v be_v say_v five_o manner_n of_o way_n show_v how_o first_o those_o thing_n be_v probable_a which_o unto_o all_o man_n aswell_o learned_a as_o unlearned_a be_v in_o their_o right_a wit_n do_v seem_v to_o be_v true_a as_o these_o every_o mother_n love_v her_o child_n we_o love_v they_o that_o love_v we_o we_o must_v do_v good_a to_o they_o that_o do_v good_a to_o us._n second_o those_o thing_n that_o seem_v true_a to_o most_o man_n as_o these_o it_o be_v better_a for_o a_o communality_n to_o be_v rule_v by_o one_o prince_n then_o by_o many_o it_o be_v not_o good_a to_o serve_v many_o master_n at_o once_o three_o those_o thing_n that_o seem_v true_a to_o all_o wise_a man_n as_o these_o what_o thing_n soever_o be_v honest_a the_o same_o be_v also_o profitable_a virtue_n be_v better_a than_o riches_n four_o those_o that_o seem_v true_a to_o the_o most_o part_n of_o the_o wise_a and_o learned_a as_o thus_o the_o soul_n of_o man_n be_v immortal_a the_o sun_n be_v great_a than_o the_o earth_n five_o those_o thing_n that_o seem_v true_a to_o the_o most_o approve_a wise_a man_n as_o these_o the_o world_n have_v a_o beginning_n it_o be_v better_a for_o a_o prince_n to_o be_v love_v then_o fear_v of_o his_o subject_n and_o general_o under_o thing_n probable_a be_v contain_v all_o true_a proposition_n that_o be_v casual_a and_o not_o imply_v any_o necessity_n i_o say_v here_o true_a proposition_n to_o exclude_v false_a proposition_n whereof_o sophistical_a syllogism_n be_v make_v and_o not_o those_o which_o we_o call_v probable_a or_o logical_a syllogism_n and_o yet_o such_o proposition_n be_v not_o so_o true_a in_o deed_n as_o those_o that_o be_v require_v in_o a_o syllogism_n demonstrative_a but_o only_o do_v seem_v true_a engender_v a_o certain_a opinion_n in_o man_n mind_n doubt_v notwithstanding_o the_o contrary_a for_o it_o breed_v not_o a_o perfect_a knowledge_n as_o science_n do_v whereby_o the_o mind_n be_v of_o all_o doubt_n thorough_o resolve_v and_o note_v here_o that_o the_o schoolman_n do_v make_v the_o matter_n whereof_o a_o dialecticall_a syllogism_n do_v consist_v to_o be_v twofold_a that_o be_v materia_fw-la remota_fw-la in_o english_a far_o off_o and_o materia_fw-la propanqua_fw-la that_o be_v to_o say_v nigh_o or_o near_o at_o hand_n what_o do_v materia_fw-la remota_fw-la contain_v these_o four_o dialecticall_a predicate_v that_o be_v definition_n call_v of_o the_o schoolman_n terminus_n property_n general_a kind_n and_o accident_n all_o which_o predicate_v be_v before_o define_v and_o be_v call_v predicate_v because_o they_o be_v common_a word_n speak_v of_o other_o but_o true_o i_o see_v no_o cause_n why_o these_o four_o predicate_v shall_v be_v attribute_v to_o a_o dialectical_a syllogism_n more_o than_o to_o a_o syllogism_n demonstrative_a for_o sure_a i_o be_o that_o as_o good_a demonstration_n may_v be_v make_v of_o these_o as_o of_o any_o other_o predicat_o what_o be_v contain_v under_o materia_fw-la propanqua_fw-la these_o a_o dialecticall_a proposition_n problem_n and_o position_n what_o difference_n be_v betwixt_o these_o three_o word_n dialecticall_a proposition_n problem_n and_o position_n a_o dialecticall_a proposition_n be_v a_o probable_a question_n utter_v with_o a_o simple_a interrogatory_n as_o whether_o the_o mother_n love_v her_o child_n which_o be_v no_o question_n in_o deed_n but_o to_o he_o that_o ask_v a_o problem_n be_v a_o doubtful_a question_n utter_v with_o a_o double_a interrogatory_n as_o whether_o the_o least_o fix_a star_n in_o the_o firmament_n be_v great_a than_o the_o moon_n or_o not_o or_o whether_o that_o the_o sun_n be_v big_a than_o the_o earth_n or_o not_o position_n be_v a_o wonderful_a opinion_n maintain_v by_o some_o excellent_a clerk_n as_o to_o say_v that_o all_o thing_n be_v but_o one_o essence_n or_o be_v as_o melissus_n affirm_v or_o that_o all_o thing_n do_v continual_o flow_v and_o change_v as_o heraclitus_n hold_v or_o that_o the_o earth_n move_v and_o not_o the_o heaven_n as_o copernicus_n suppose_v only_o to_o find_v out_o thereby_o the_o true_a motion_n of_o the_o planet_n and_o not_o for_o that_o he_o think_v so_o in_o deed_n chap._n xxii_o of_o a_o sophistical_a syllogism_n what_o be_v a_o sophistical_a or_o false_a syllogism_n a_o false_a syllogism_n be_v that_o which_o be_v either_o make_v of_o false_a proposition_n or_o else_o of_o such_o as_o seem_v probable_a and_o be_v not_o in_o deed_n or_o else_o of_o probable_a premise_n not_o right_o conclude_v and_o of_o such_o syllogism_n there_o be_v three_o sort_n the_o one_o fail_v in_o matter_n the_o other_o in_o form_n the_o three_o in_o both_o when_o be_v it_o say_v to_o fail_v in_o
also_o be_v necessary_a as_o thus_o the_o woman_n give_v milk_n ergo_fw-la she_o have_v have_v a_o child_n or_o be_v with_o child_n if_o the_o sign_n be_v probable_a than_o the_o enthimeme_n be_v also_o probable_a as_o thus_o this_o man_n be_v a_o night-gad_a ergo_fw-la he_o be_v a_o thief_n chap._n xxv_o of_o a_o example_n what_o be_v a_o example_n a_o example_n be_v a_o kind_n of_o argument_n wherein_o we_o proceed_v from_o one_o particular_a to_o prove_v another_o particular_a by_o reason_n of_o some_o likeness_n that_o be_v betwixt_o they_o as_o thus_o god_n do_v not_o punish_v the_o ninivites_fw-la because_o they_o repent_v ergo_fw-la he_o will_v not_o punish_v we_o if_o we_o repent_v god_n do_v not_o let_v to_o plague_v king_n david_n for_o adultery_n ergo_fw-la he_o will_v not_o let_v to_o plague_v any_o other_o king_n for_o commit_v the_o same_o offence_n wherein_o differ_v this_o kind_n of_o argument_n from_o the_o rest_n this_o kind_n of_o argument_n differ_v in_o form_n from_o all_o the_o rest_n before_o teach_v for_o a_o syllogism_n proceed_v from_o the_o general_a kind_n to_o the_o special_a kind_n or_o otherwise_o a_o enthimeme_n imitate_v a_o syllogism_n recite_v in_o his_o antecedent_n the_o cause_n of_o the_o conclusion_n again_o a_o induction_n out_o of_o many_o particularity_n gather_v a_o universality_n none_o of_o which_o thing_n be_v to_o be_v find_v in_o a_o example_n proceed_v only_o from_o one_o particular_a to_o another_o like_a particular_a notwithstanding_o aristotle_n say_v that_o it_o may_v be_v reduce_v partly_o to_o a_o induction_n and_o partly_o to_o a_o syllogism_n for_o in_o take_v the_o first_o particular_a you_o may_v by_o a_o unperfect_a induction_n imply_v a_o universal_a proposition_n and_o so_o from_o that_o universal_a proposition_n to_o proceed_v by_o order_n of_o syllogism_n unto_o the_o other_o particular_a employ_v in_o the_o conclusion_n of_o the_o example_n as_o in_o this_o example_n juaas_n die_v evil_a ergo_fw-la pilate_n also_o die_v evil_a it_o may_v be_v first_o reduce_v into_o a_o unperfect_a induction_n thus_o judas_n die_v evil_a because_o he_o be_v the_o author_n of_o christ_n death_n and_o do_v not_o repent_v ergo_fw-la every_o man_n that_o be_v author_n of_o christ_n death_n and_o do_v not_o repent_v die_v evil_a into_o a_o syllogism_n thus_o every_o man_n that_o be_v author_n of_o christ_n death_n and_o do_v not_o repent_v die_v evil_a but_o pilate_n be_v author_n of_o christ_n death_n and_o do_v not_o repent_v ergo_fw-la pilate_n die_v evil_a whereto_o serve_v this_o kind_n of_o reason_v by_o example_n example_n be_v very_o good_a in_o all_o moral_a matter_n to_o persuade_v or_o dissuade_v what_o be_v to_o be_v observe_v in_o reason_v by_o way_n of_o example_n you_o must_v in_o any_o wise_a be_v sure_a that_o the_o similitude_n or_o likeness_n of_o the_o particular_n do_v make_v to_o the_o purpose_n which_o you_o intend_v and_o that_o it_o be_v the_o very_a cause_n why_o the_o predicate_v of_o the_o antecedent_n proper_o belong_v to_o the_o subject_n for_o otherwise_o the_o argument_n be_v not_o good_a for_o if_o you_o shall_v reason_v thus_o judas_n die_v evil_a ergo_fw-la peter_n die_v evil_a because_o they_o be_v both_o sinner_n for_o their_o likeness_n in_o this_o behalf_n be_v not_o the_o cause_n that_o judas_n die_v evil_a but_o the_o cause_n before_o allege_v from_o whence_o be_v this_o kind_n of_o argument_n fetch_v from_o the_o place_n of_o comparison_n as_o from_o the_o like_a from_o the_o more_o and_o from_o the_o less_o of_o all_o which_o the_o general_a rule_n or_o maxim_n be_v thus_o in_o thing_n like_a be_v like_o judgement_n or_o reason_n as_o have_v be_v say_v before_o in_o the_o treatise_n of_o place_n thus_o far_o of_o the_o four_o principal_a kind_n of_o reason_v now_o of_o the_o rest_n and_o first_o chap._n xxvi_o of_o the_o argument_n call_v sorite_n what_o be_v sorites_n sorites_n be_v a_o kind_n of_o argument_n proceed_v as_o it_o be_v by_o certain_a degree_n unto_o the_o conclusion_n which_o be_v gather_v of_o many_o proposition_n necessary_o follow_v one_o another_o and_o be_v knit_v together_o so_o as_o the_o predicate_v of_o the_o first_o proposition_n be_v the_o subject_n of_o the_o second_o and_o the_o predicate_v of_o the_o second_o the_o subject_n of_o the_o three_o and_o so_o forth_o even_o to_o the_o last_o proposition_n who_o predicate_a be_v join_v to_o the_o subject_n of_o the_o first_o proposition_n do_v make_v the_o conclusion_n as_o thus_o the_o soul_n of_o man_n do_v move_v itself_o whatsoever_o move_v itself_o be_v the_o begin_n of_o move_v the_o beginning_n of_o move_v have_v no_o end_n whatsoever_o have_v no_o end_n be_v immortal_a ergo_fw-la the_o soul_n of_o man_n be_v immortal_a when_o be_v this_o kind_n of_o argument_n say_v to_o be_v of_o force_n when_o it_o be_v make_v of_o affirmative_a proposition_n wherein_o word_n of_o affinity_n be_v necessary_o join_v together_o as_o when_o kind_n general_a difference_n or_o property_n be_v join_v with_o those_o special_a kind_n of_o who_o they_o be_v speak_v or_o when_o proper_a effect_n be_v join_v with_o their_o proper_a cause_n for_o if_o the_o proposition_n be_v either_o negative_a or_o do_v not_o necessary_o hang_v together_o than_o it_o be_v no_o good_a argument_n as_o in_o negative_n let_v this_o be_v your_o example_n a_o man_n be_v not_o a_o lion_n a_o lion_n be_v a_o sensible_a beast_n ergo_fw-la man_n be_v not_o a_o sensible_a beast_n now_o of_o proposition_n not_o hang_v necessary_o together_o because_o that_o proper_a effect_n be_v not_o join_v with_o their_o proper_a cause_n let_v this_o common_a jest_n be_v your_o example_n whoso_o drink_v well_o sleep_v well_o whoso_o sleep_v well_o sin_v not_o whoso_o sin_v not_o shall_v be_v bless_v ergo_fw-la whoso_o drink_v well_o shall_v be_v bless_v which_o be_v no_o good_a conclusion_n for_o much_o drink_n be_v not_o always_o the_o cause_n of_o sleep_n nor_o sleep_v the_o cause_n of_o not_o sin_v the_o rhetorician_n use_v another_o kind_n of_o argument_n call_v gradatio_fw-la which_o be_v much_o like_a to_o soriteâ—…_n save_v that_o the_o subject_n of_o the_o first_o proposition_n be_v not_o rehearse_v in_o the_o conclusion_n for_o they_o use_v it_o rather_o as_o a_o ornament_n of_o speech_n then_o as_o a_o proof_n as_o the_o virtue_n of_o scipio_n win_v he_o fame_n fame_n get_v he_o enemy_n and_o his_o enemy_n procure_v his_o death_n chap._n xxvii_o of_o diverse_a other_o kind_n of_o argument_n and_o first_o of_o a_o dilemma_n and_o what_o kind_n it_o comprehend_v there_o be_v also_o other_o form_n of_o argument_n whereof_o some_o be_v fallax_n and_o some_o be_v good_a conclusion_n and_o they_o be_v these_o dilemma_n enumeratio_fw-la simplex_n conclusio_fw-la subiectio_fw-la oppositio_fw-la violatio_fw-la what_o be_v dilemma_n dilemma_n be_v a_o argument_n make_v of_o two_o member_n repugnant_a one_o to_o another_o whereof_o which_o soever_o thou_o grant_v thou_o be_v by_o and_o by_o take_v as_o thus_o it_o be_v not_o good_a to_o marry_v a_o wife_n for_o if_o she_o be_v fair_a she_o will_v be_v common_a if_o foul_a then_o loathsome_a notwithstanding_o this_o be_v but_o a_o slippery_a kind_n of_o argument_n unless_o both_o the_o repugnant_a part_n be_v such_o as_o neither_o of_o they_o can_v be_v turn_v again_o upon_o the_o maker_n of_o the_o argument_n for_o then_o by_o conversion_n the_o dilemma_n be_v soon_o confute_v as_o for_o example_n you_o may_v convert_v both_o part_n of_o the_o argument_n last_o recite_v thus_o it_o be_v good_a to_o marry_v a_o wife_n for_o if_o she_o be_v fair_a she_o shall_v not_o be_v loath_a some_o if_o foul_a than_o not_o common_a much_o like_a to_o this_o be_v that_o captious_a argument_n which_o protagoras_n the_o lawyer_n make_v against_o his_o scholar_n euathlus_n who_o have_v covenant_v to_o pay_v his_o master_n a_o certain_a sum_n of_o money_n at_o the_o first_o suit_n or_o action_n that_o he_o shall_v win_v by_o plead_v at_o the_o law_n whereupon_o his_o master_n do_v afterward_o commence_v a_o action_n against_o he_o and_o in_o reason_v with_o he_o of_o the_o matter_n make_v he_o this_o dilemma_n either_o say_v he_o judgement_n shall_v be_v give_v against_o thou_o or_o with_o thou_o if_o against_o thou_o than_o thou_o must_v pay_v i_o by_o virtue_n of_o the_o judgement_n if_o judgement_n be_v give_v with_o thou_o than_o thou_o must_v also_o pay_v i_o by_o covenant_n which_o the_o scholar_n immediate_o confute_v by_o conversion_n in_o this_o sort_n either_o say_v he_o judgement_n shall_v be_v give_v with_o i_o or_o against_o i_o if_o with_o i_o than_o i_o shall_v be_v quit_v by_o law_n if_o against_o i_o than_o i_o ought_v to_o pay_v nothing_o by_o covenant_n what_o other_o iutricate_a kind_n of_o reason_v be_v say_v to_o be_v comprehend_v under_o
dilemma_n diverse_a whereof_o some_o be_v call_v certains_fw-fr or_o horn_a argument_n some_o crocodolites_n some_o assistatons_n some_o pseudomenon_n define_v all_o these_o kind_n and_o give_v example_n 1_o the_o horn_a argument_n be_v when_o by_o some_o subtle_a and_o crafty_a manner_n of_o question_v we_o seek_v to_o have_v such_o a_o answer_n as_o we_o may_v take_v vantage_n thereof_o as_o the_o pharisee_n do_v when_o they_o question_v with_o christ_n touch_v the_o payment_n of_o tribute_n to_o caesar._n 2_o the_o crocodolite_n be_v when_o be_v deceive_v by_o some_o crafty_a manner_n of_o question_v we_o do_v admit_v that_o which_o our_o adversary_n turn_v again_o upon_o we_o to_o our_o own_o hindrance_n as_o in_o the_o fable_n of_o the_o crocodile_n whereof_o this_o name_n crocodolite_n proceed_v for_o it_o be_v say_v that_o the_o crocodile_n have_v take_v away_o a_o child_n from_o his_o mother_n reason_v with_o she_o in_o this_o sort_n i_o will_v deliver_v thou_o thy_o child_n again_o if_o thou_o will_v say_v a_o troth_n whether_o therefore_o shall_v i_o deliver_v he_o or_o not_o the_o mother_n answer_v thou_o shall_v not_o deliver_v he_o and_o therefore_o of_o right_n thou_o ought_v to_o deliver_v he_o no_o say_v he_o i_o will_v not_o deliver_v he_o to_o the_o intent_n it_o may_v seem_v that_o thou_o have_v say_v troth_n and_o though_o thou_o have_v say_v that_o i_o shall_v deliver_v he_o yet_o i_o will_v not_o deliver_v he_o indeed_o for_o make_v thou_o a_o liar_n 3_o assistaton_n be_v a_o kind_n of_o cavil_v not_o consist_v of_o any_o sure_a ground_n as_o if_o a_o man_n do_v say_v that_o he_o do_v hold_v his_o peace_n or_o lie_v or_o know_v nothing_o another_o by_o and_o by_o might_n cavil_v thereof_o in_o this_o sort_n ergo_fw-la he_o that_o hold_v his_o peace_n speak_v he_o that_o lie_v say_v truth_n he_o that_o know_v nothing_o know_v something_o 4_o pseudomenon_n be_v a_o false_a or_o lie_a kind_n of_o cavil_v as_o thus_o the_o heaven_n cover_v all_o thing_n ergo_fw-la it_o cover_v itself_o epimenides_n be_v a_o candiot_n himself_o say_v that_o the_o candiote_n be_v liar_n the_o question_n be_v whether_o he_o say_v true_a or_o not_o for_o though_o he_o say_v true_a and_o that_o the_o candiote_n be_v liar_n yet_o it_o be_v false_a because_o a_o candiot_n say_v it_o again_o if_o the_o candiote_n be_v no_o liar_n nor_o epimenides_n be_v a_o liar_n than_o he_o be_v to_o be_v believe_v how_o be_v the_o fallax_n of_o these_o captious_a argument_n to_o be_v find_v out_o the_o fallax_n of_o all_o these_o kind_n of_o captious_a argument_n be_v soon_o find_v out_o if_o we_o consider_v well_o the_o rule_v before_o teach_v touch_v the_o repâ—…gnances_n of_o proposition_n as_o whether_o there_o be_v any_o ambiguity_n in_o the_o term_n and_o whether_o the_o selfsame_o term_n in_o the_o repugnant_a part_n have_v respect_n to_o one_o selfe-thing_n time_n or_o place_n or_o not_o it_o be_v good_a also_o to_o consider_v the_o substance_n quantity_n and_o quality_n of_o the_o proposition_n for_o in_o the_o last_o example_n this_o saying_n candiotes_n be_v liar_n be_v a_o proposition_n indefinite_a and_o therefore_o be_v not_o of_o such_o force_n as_o to_o say_v all_o candiote_n be_v liar_n which_o be_v a_o universal_a proposition_n for_o of_o particular_a premise_n nothing_o right_o follow_v in_o the_o other_o example_n you_o shall_v find_v that_o there_o be_v some_o doubtfulness_n in_o the_o term_n have_v respect_n either_o to_o diverse_a thing_n to_o diverse_a time_n or_o diverse_a place_n as_o to_o say_v he_o hold_v his_o peace_n when_o he_o speak_v here_o be_v doubtfulness_n in_o the_o term_n have_v respect_n to_o diverse_a thing_n that_o be_v to_o say_v as_o well_o to_o those_o thing_n which_o he_o mean_v to_o keep_v in_o silence_n as_o to_o those_o word_n which_o he_o utter_v by_o mouth_n so_o in_o this_o word_n suit_n in_o the_o example_n of_o protagoras_n be_v doubtfulness_n for_o that_o protagoras_n mean_v some_o other_o suit_n and_o not_o that_o which_o he_o himself_o commence_v chap._n xxviii_o of_o enumeration_n what_o be_v enumeration_n enumeration_n be_v a_o kind_n of_o argument_n wherein_o many_o thing_n be_v reckon_v up_o and_o deny_v one_o thing_n only_o of_o necessity_n remain_v to_o be_v affirm_v as_o thus_o sith_o thou_o have_v this_o horse_n either_o thou_o do_v buy_v he_o or_o he_o come_v to_o thou_o by_o inheritance_n or_o he_o be_v give_v thou_o or_o breed_v at_o home_n with_o thou_o or_o else_o thou_o do_v take_v he_o from_o thy_o enemy_n in_o time_n of_o war_n or_o if_o none_o of_o these_o be_v than_o thou_o must_v needs_o steal_v he_o but_o thou_o neither_o buy_v he_o nor_o he_o fall_v not_o unto_o thou_o by_o inheritance_n nor_o be_v give_v thou_o â—…or_n breed_v up_o at_o home_n with_o thou_o nor_o yet_o take_v by_o thou_o from_o the_o enemy_n it_o follow_v therefore_o of_o necessity_n that_o thou_o have_v steal_v he_o when_o be_v this_o kind_n of_o argument_n to_o be_v confute_v when_o your_o adversary_n can_v prove_v any_o necessary_a part_n to_o be_v leave_v out_o chap._n xxix_o of_o a_o simple_a conclusion_n what_o be_v a_o simple_a conclusion_n a_o simple_a conclusion_n be_v no_o other_o thing_n but_o a_o necessary_a enthymeme_n in_o the_o which_o the_o consequent_a do_v necessary_o follow_v the_o antecedent_n as_o thus_o she_o have_v have_v a_o child_n ergo_fw-la she_o have_v lie_v with_o a_o man_n chap._n xxx_o of_o subjection_n what_o be_v subjection_n subjection_n be_v a_o question_v kind_a of_o argument_n in_o the_o which_o we_o confute_v each_o question_n with_o a_o reason_n immediate_o follow_v the_o same_o as_o thus_o how_o be_v this_o fellow_n become_v so_o well_o money_v have_v he_o any_o great_a patrimony_n leave_v he_o no_o for_o all_o his_o father_n land_n be_v sold._n come_v there_o any_o inheritance_n to_o he_o by_o descent_n any_o otherwise_o no_o for_o he_o be_v disinherit_v of_o all_o man_n come_v there_o any_o good_n unto_o he_o by_o executorship_n etc._n etc._n if_o then_o he_o have_v not_o be_v enrich_v by_o any_o of_o these_o honest_a way_n either_o he_o have_v a_o golden_a i_o at_o home_n or_o else_o he_o be_v come_v to_o these_o riches_n by_o some_o unlawful_a mean_n this_o argument_n fail_v when_o any_o principal_a part_n be_v leave_v out_o and_o therefore_o differ_v not_o much_o from_o enumeration_n before_o recite_v chap._n xxxi_o of_o opposition_n what_o be_v opposition_n oppositioâ—…_n be_v a_o kind_n of_o argument_n make_v of_o repugnant_a part_n wherein_o we_o revert_v from_o the_o opposite_a of_o the_o first_o proposition_n unto_o the_o same_o proposition_n again_o as_o thus_o if_o i_o be_v in_o the_o city_n at_o such_o time_n as_o this_o man_n be_v slay_v in_o the_o country_n than_o i_o slay_v he_o not_o this_o proposition_n be_v now_o a_o simple_a conclusion_n and_o may_v be_v make_v a_o opposition_n in_o this_o manner_n if_o i_o have_v be_v in_o the_o country_n at_o such_o time_n as_o you_o say_v this_o man_n be_v slay_v than_o you_o may_v well_o suspect_v i_o to_o have_v slay_v he_o but_o since_o i_o be_v not_o there_o at_o that_o time_n there_o be_v no_o cause_n therefore_o why_o you_o shall_v suspect_v i_o chap._n xxxii_o of_o violation_n what_o be_v uiolation_n violation_n be_v a_o kind_n of_o conclude_v more_o meet_a to_o confute_v then_o to_o prove_v whereby_o we_o show_v the_o reason_n of_o our_o adversary_n to_o make_v for_o we_o and_o not_o for_o he_o as_o thus_o it_o be_v not_o good_a to_o marry_v a_o wife_n because_o that_o of_o marriage_n many_o time_n come_v the_o loss_n of_o child_n to_o our_o great_a sorrow_n yea_o rather_o it_o be_v good_a therefore_o to_o marry_v a_o wife_n to_o get_v other_o child_n for_o our_o comfort_n thus_o much_o touch_v the_o diverse_a kind_n of_o reason_v now_o we_o will_v treat_v of_o fallax_n or_o false_a conclusion_n and_o show_v how_o â—…o_o confute_v they_o here_o end_v the_o five_o book_n of_o logic_n the_o six_o book_n of_o logic_n chap._n i._n of_o confutation_n there_o be_v some_o that_o make_v two_o kind_n of_o confutation_n the_o one_o belong_v to_o person_n the_o other_o to_o matter_n confutation_n of_o person_n be_v do_v either_o by_o taunt_a rail_a render_v check_n for_o check_n or_o by_o scorn_v and_o that_o either_o by_o word_n or_o else_o by_o countenance_n gesture_n and_o action_n which_o kind_n of_o confutation_n because_o it_o belong_v rather_o to_o scoff_v then_o to_o true_a order_n of_o reason_v i_o will_v leave_v to_o speak_v thereof_o deal_v only_o with_o that_o confutation_n that_o belong_v to_o matter_n which_o be_v twofold_a the_o one_o general_n the_o other_o special_a it_o be_v general_a when_o we_o affirm_v that_o the_o argument_n fail_v either_o in_o form_n in_o matter_n
you_o to_o give_v example_n of_o the_o four_o chief_a point_n before_o mention_v of_o the_o first_o let_v this_o be_v your_o example_n four_o be_v double_a to_o two_o but_o not_o to_o three_o ergo_fw-la four_o be_v double_a and_o not_o double_a this_o be_v not_o to_o oneself_o thing_n of_o the_o second_o thus_o this_o piece_n of_o timber_n be_v double_a in_o length_n to_o that_o piece_n but_o it_o be_v not_o double_a to_o the_o same_o in_o breadth_n ergo_fw-la it_o be_v to_o oneself_o thing_n both_o double_a and_o not_o double_a to_o oneself_o thing_n but_o not_o in_o oneself_o respect_n of_o the_o three_o thus_o this_o prince_n rule_v mighty_o but_o not_o merciful_o ergo_fw-la he_o rule_v and_o not_o rule_v this_o be_v not_o in_o like_a manner_n of_o the_o four_o thus_o i_o see_v john_n yesterday_o but_o not_o this_o day_n ergo_fw-la i_o see_v he_o and_o see_v he_o not_o this_o be_v not_o in_o oneself_o time_n and_o all_o these_o four_o way_n in_o my_o opinion_n be_v comprehend_v in_o the_o second_o point_n which_o be_v when_o any_o thing_n be_v speak_v not_o absolute_o but_o in_o diverse_a respect_n wherefore_o it_o differ_v not_o much_o from_o the_o fallax_fw-la of_o speech_n respective_a before_o declare_v save_v that_o this_o fallax_fw-la be_v more_o general_a and_o comprehend_v more_o kind_n of_o fallax_n then_o that_o do_v petition_v of_o the_o principle_n be_v when_o the_o antecedent_n do_v not_o principij_fw-la prove_v the_o consequent_a which_o chance_v most_o common_o three_o manner_n of_o way_n that_o be_v either_o when_o the_o proof_n be_v as_o little_o know_v as_o the_o thing_n that_o be_v to_o be_v prove_v second_o when_o the_o proof_n be_v less_o know_v than_o the_o thing_n to_o be_v prove_v three_o when_o the_o proof_n and_o the_o thing_n to_o be_v prove_v do_v not_o differ_v but_o be_v all_o one_o speech_n signify_v oneself_o thing_n call_v of_o the_o greek_n tautologia_fw-la give_v example_n of_o these_o three_o way_n of_o the_o first_o thus_o the_o sun_n move_v not_o but_o stand_v still_o in_o the_o midst_n of_o heaven_n give_v light_n to_o all_o the_o world_n ergo_fw-la the_o earth_n be_v movable_a or_o thus_o the_o heaven_n be_v not_o make_v of_o elemental_a matter_n subject_a to_o corruption_n ergo_fw-la the_o heaven_n be_v incorruptible_a here_o in_o both_o these_o example_n the_o antecedent_n be_v as_o doubtful_a as_o the_o consequent_a and_o therefore_o prove_v nothing_o of_o the_o second_o way_n thus_o every_o sensible_a body_n sometime_o sleep_v ergo_fw-la man_n sometime_o sleep_v here_o it_o be_v more_o to_o be_v doubt_v whether_o all_o sensible_a body_n all_o beast_n fowl_n and_o fish_n do_v sometime_o sleep_v or_o not_o then_o whether_o man_n do_v sometime_o sleep_v for_o it_o be_v a_o easy_a matter_n to_o know_v the_o nature_n and_o property_n of_o one_o special_a kind_n then_o of_o all_o or_o many_o kind_n of_o the_o three_o way_n thus_o john_n be_v learn_v ergo_fw-la john_n be_v learn_v the_o soul_n do_v live_v ever_o ergo_fw-la it_o be_v immortal_a the_o fallax_fw-la of_o the_o consequent_a chance_v two_o manner_n of_o consequentis_fw-la way_n that_o be_v either_o when_o we_o think_v the_o consequent_a to_o be_v convertible_a with_o the_o antecedent_n but_o it_o be_v not_o so_o in_o deed_n or_o else_o when_o we_o think_v that_o upon_o the_o contrary_a of_o the_o antecedent_n the_o contrary_a of_o the_o consequent_a must_v needs_o also_o follow_v give_v example_n of_o both_o these_o way_n this_o be_v a_o man_n ergo_fw-la it_o be_v a_o sensible_a body_n now_o if_o i_o will_v hereof_o by_o conversion_n conclude_v thus_o it_o be_v a_o sensible_a body_n ergo_fw-la it_o be_v a_o man_n this_o be_v no_o good_a consequent_a for_o every_o sensible_a body_n be_v not_o a_o man_n likewise_o when_o it_o rain_v the_o ground_n be_v wet_a ergo_fw-la when_o the_o ground_n be_v wet_a it_o rain_v for_o these_o speech_n be_v not_o convertible_a of_o the_o second_o way_n thus_o it_o be_v a_o man_n ergo_fw-la it_o be_v a_o sensible_a body_n it_o be_v no_o man_n ergo_fw-la it_o be_v no_o sensible_a body_n here_o you_o see_v that_o this_o proposition_n it_o be_v no_o man_n be_v the_o contrary_a of_o the_o first_o antecedent_n which_o say_v it_o be_v a_o man_n of_o which_o contrary_a the_o contrary_a of_o the_o consequent_a do_v not_o necessary_o sollowe_v for_o though_o it_o be_v no_o man_n yet_o it_o may_v be_v some_o other_o sensible_a body_n this_o fallax_fw-la comprehend_v all_o such_o false_a argument_n as_o do_v not_o observe_v the_o rule_n of_o right_a and_o true_a consequent_n before_o give_v the_o fallax_fw-la of_o non_fw-la causa_fw-la pro_fw-la causa_fw-la be_v when_o that_o thing_n be_v causa_fw-la make_v to_o be_v the_o cause_n of_o the_o conclusion_n which_o be_v not_o the_o cause_n in_o deed_n as_o wine_n be_v naught_o because_o it_o will_v make_v a_o man_n drink_v of_o which_o drunkenness_n wine_n be_v not_o the_o cause_n but_o the_o intemperance_n of_o the_o man_n and_o his_o immoderate_a use_n thereof_o for_o many_o thing_n that_o be_v good_a of_o themselves_o may_v be_v abuse_v yea_o even_o the_o liberty_n of_o the_o gospel_n and_o yet_o the_o doctrine_n of_o the_o gospel_n be_v not_o cause_n thereof_o but_o the_o malice_n of_o responsu_fw-la man_n abuse_v the_o same_o the_o seven_o and_o last_o fallax_fw-la be_v when_o unaduised_o and_o without_o use_v any_o distinction_n you_o make_v a_o answer_n to_o many_o question_n as_o though_o they_o be_v but_o one_o as_o for_o example_n the_o sophister_n see_v two_o man_n stand_v together_o whereof_o the_o one_o be_v blind_a and_o the_o other_o have_v his_o fight_n will_v ask_v you_o perhaps_o whether_o they_o see_v or_o not_o whereunto_o if_o you_o answer_v direct_o either_o yea_o or_o no_o you_o be_v by_o and_o by_o take_v for_o if_o you_o say_v that_o they_o see_v than_o you_o grant_v that_o the_o blind_a man_n also_o see_v and_o if_o you_o say_v that_o they_o do_v not_o see_v than_o you_o grant_v that_o he_o which_o see_v be_v blind_a but_o if_o you_o answer_v that_o the_o one_o see_v and_o the_o other_o not_o you_o shall_v by_o such_o distinction_n easy_o avoid_v the_o sophister_n cavillation_n for_o diverse_a question_n huddle_v up_o in_o one_o do_v always_o require_v diverse_a answer_n and_o thus_o i_o end_v with_o the_o order_n of_o confute_v all_o false_a elenche_n and_o fallax_n the_o knowledge_n whereof_o be_v very_o necessary_a for_o the_o maintenance_n of_o the_o truth_n which_o god_n love_v who_o be_v the_o fountain_n of_o all_o truth_n yea_o and_o very_a truth_n itself_o to_o who_o be_v all_o honour_n glory_n and_o praise_n world_n without_o end_n amen_n finis_fw-la b_o a_o c_o from_o the_o definition_n of_o the_o subject_n lib._n 3._o cap._n 1._o 1_o equivocatio_fw-la 2_o amphibologia_fw-la 3_o compositio_fw-la 4_o divisio_fw-la 5_o accentus_fw-la 6_o forma_fw-la orationis_fw-la 1_o fallacia_fw-la accidentis_fw-la 2_o dictum_fw-la secundum_fw-la quid_fw-la 3_o ignoratio_fw-la elenchi_fw-la 4_o petitio_fw-la principij_fw-la 5_o fallacia_fw-la consequentis_fw-la 6_o causa_fw-la pro_fw-la non_fw-la causa_fw-la 7_o plura_fw-la interrogata_fw-la pro_fw-la uno_fw-la responsu_fw-la