last place hauing your eyes thus prepared all these things being considered you may cleerly see thorough that other sly artifice of those self same interested man wherby they would persuade at least to so much filial renerence to the great Father of Christendom as to acquaint him first wich your present condition send him a Copy of the publik instrument you intend to fix vpon with the reasons also inducing you therunto pray his approbation therof in order to your signing it and then expect a while his paternal aduice and benediction before you make any further progress You may at the very first hearing of this proposal plainly discouer say you their design to be no other than by such indiscreet means of cunning delayes vnder pretence of filial reuerence forsooth to hinder you for euer from professing at least to any purpose * Ibid. pag. 22. i. e. in a sufficient manner or by any sufficient Formulary that loyal obedience you owe to his Maiesty and to the lawes of your Countrey in all affairs of meer temporal concern This you can not but iudge to be their drift vnless per aduenture you think them to be realy so frantik as to persuade themselues that from Iulius Cesar or his successor Octauian after the one or the other had by arms and slaughter tyrannicaly seized the Commonwealth any one could expect a free and voluntary restitution of the people to their ancient liberty or which is it I mean and is the more unlikely of the two That from Clement the tenth now sitting in the Chair at Rome or from his next or from any other successor now after six hundred years of continual vsurpation in matters of highest nature and now also after the liues of about fourscore Popes one succeeding an other since Hildebrand or Gregory 7. his papacy and since the deposition of the Emperor Henry 4. by him in the year of Christ 1077. any one should expect by a paper petition or paper Adress to obtain the restoring or manumitting of the Christian world Kingdoms states and Churches to their natiue Rights and freedom or that indeed it could be other than ridiculous folly and madness to expect this J haue quoted your own words Mr. Walsh to the end all indifferent persons may see I do not insure you in the account I giue of your religion and doctrin which I intend to confute reducing is to your twelue fundamental Tenets Jn this first Animaduersion I will treate of two See Friar Walsh his twelue Tenets or articles in the 6. Animaduersion 1. That the Oath of Supremacy hath bin rashly and obstinatly declined opposed and traduced by Roman Catholiks because it attributes to the King only ciuil authority and power and denies to the Pope no spiritual or Ecclesiastical saue only that which the two general Councells of Ephesus and Calcedon as also that of Afrik of 217 Bishops whereof S. Augustin was one denied to the Bishops of Rome 2. That the Popes and Bishops of the Roman Catholik Church for these last 600. years haue taught and practised enormous principles which godly men haue continualy cried down as wicked impious heretical and tyrannical and that the vsual Oath which all Catholik Bishops haue taken at their consecration for many hundred years is not consistent with the loyalty all Christians owe to their temporal Soueraigns ANIMADVERSION I. Whether the Oath of supremacy attributes only ciuil authority to the King and denies no spiritual or Ecclesiastical power or authority to the Pope THE best way to decide this controuersy is to set down the words of the Oath which are I. A. B. do utterly testify and declare in my conscience that the King's Majesty is the only supream Gouernor of this Realm and of all other his Maiesties Dominions and Countries as well in all spiritual or Ecclesiastical things or causes as Temporal and that no forain Prince Person Prelate state or Potentate hath or ought to haue any iurisdiction power superiority preheminence or authority Ecclesiastical or spiritual within this Realm and therfore I do utterly renounce and forsake all forain iurisdictions powers superiorities and authorities c. so help me God and the contents of this Book Mr. Walsh giue me leaue to ask you whether you euer read this Oath and if you did whether you are sure you vnderstand English or whether better than English-men do for the common opinion is that euery nation vnderstands its own language better than strangers Mr. Walsh all Englishmen vnderstand by the word spiritual a quite different thing from temporal as you may see in Thomas Thomasius his Dictionary If this be so I feare you will hardly persuade Englishmen that they do not vnderstand english at least as well as you or any other Irish man Now to the point Doth not the Oath in cleer terms auerre that the King is the only supreme Gouernor of England and of all other his Dominions as well in all Spiritual or Ecclesiastical things or causes as temporal Is temporal and spiritual the same or do these words signify the same Jf not how can you proue or pretend that no spiritual authority or power is giuen the King or denyed the Pope by this Oath of Supremacy I pray obserue if the King be the only supream Gouernor of his Dominions in all spiritual and Ecclesiastical causes or things hath he not all the spiritual power and authority in his own Dominions And if the Pope be a sorrain Prince Person or Prelate and no forrain Prince Person or Prelate hath or ought to haue any Ecclesiastical or spiritual iurisdiction power Superiority preheminence or authority within his Majesties Kingdomes how can the Pope haue any spiritual power or authority in the same J doubt very much whether your marginal note directing to I know not what admonition after the Iniunctions of * Pag. 16. of his Dedicatory to the Catholiks Q. Elizabeth and vpon the 37. article of the Church of England will bring you or the oath off so cleerly as you fancy By that Admonition after the iniunctions of Q. Elizabeth is pretended the Church of England did not attribute to the Queen power to exercise any spiritual function as that of consecrating Priests and Bishops or ministring the Sacraments Suppose this interpretation which came I must tell you som what too late were not known to be a pittifull shift to stop the mouthes of those who laught at the weakness of the Bishops in allowing and at the vanity of the Queen in assuming the spiritual supremacy of the Church suppose I say the Queen could not ordain Priests and Bishops because herself was neither Priest nor Bishop doth that hinder from hauing in herself and giuing to others spiritual iurifdiction to ordain and minister the Sacraments what think you of lay Princes and persons that are Bishops elect Haue they not spiritual iurisdiction and can they not giue it to others Though Q. Elizabeth was incapable of such spiritual iurisdiction because
Emperors admiring Exclamation imports and signifies the Appellants ignorance or peruersness in appealing to himself a lay person in ecclesiastical affairs For you confess if he did remit them to Episcopal Iudges that is a sufficient proof of his reprouing their appealing to himself But howeuer this be say you it s enough that Constantin admitted the Appeal How did he admit of it Doth not Saint Augustin tell you how he admitted of it yielding to their mad animosities to put an end to them insanissinus animositatibus suis How did he admit of it with a resolution to ask pardon of the Pope and those Bishops who ioynd with him in the sentence giuen by them against the Donatists in Rome Eis ipse cessit vt de illa causa post Episcopos iudicaret à Sanctis Antistitibus postea veniam petiturus He knew very well that himself could not iudge of Ecclesiastical matters he knew also very well that after the Bishop of Romes sentence giuen in the same there was no need of any other euen of Bishops in a Councel Dedit ille aliud Arelatense iudicium aliorum scilicet Episcoporum non quia iam necesse erat Why then did the Emperor Constantin admit and remit the Donatists appeal after the Pope had condemned them to the Councel of Arles The Saint tells you in the very next following words Non quia iam necesse erat sed eorum peruersitatibus cedens omnimodo cupiens tantam impudentiam cohibere Are not you then as peruerse and as impudent as the Donatists when you quote S. Augustin for your imposture when you deny that Constantin was drawn against his will to admit an Appeal from the iudgment or sentence of the great Pontiff I am sure say you S. Augustin neuer reprehends it What needed S. Augustin the Pope or any Bishop reprehend a pious Emperor that acknowledg'd his own fault and resolued to ask pardon for it veniam petiturus though he was forc't to commit it by the impudency and peruersness of a powerfull faction of the Donatists threatning to disturb the whole Empire Are not you wors than the Donatists Mr. Walsh when you say pag. 349. S. Augustin insinuates that the sole iudgment of Melchiades Pope had he vndertaken any such himself alone in this controuersy as it was then had bin vsurpt or had bin so if he had without the Emperors special delegation presumed to determin it but together with those other his French Collegues For Augustin treating of the pertinacy of the Donatists in their proceedings c. obiects to himself in behalf of the Donatists Ep. 162. thus An fortè non debuis Romanae Ecclesiae Melchiades Episcopus cum Collegis transmarints â—pipopts illud sibi vsurpare iudicium quod ab Afris septuaginta vbi Primas Tigisitanus prasedit fuerat terminatum To this what doth Augustin answer Certainly he doth not deny that such iudgment of Melchiades might be iustly thought in tâ—e case to be vsurped but excuses the iudgment of Melchiades which realy de facto was not that which only â—ight be falsely supposed or bruited to haue bin and defends it that so was truly by saying again thus Quid auod necâ—â—ipse vsurpauit Rogatiâ—s quippe Imperator Iudites misit Episâ—opes qui cum eo viderent de tota illa causa quodinsium videretur Hoc probamus Donatistarum precibus verbis ipsius Imperatoris So Augustin a S. Augustin abused by Mr. Walsh Js it possible Mr. Walsh you will haue the Pope be an vsurper of the Imperial authority in case he should without the Emperors delegation or leaue decide a Controuersy between Bishops which caused so great a schim in the Church as that of the Donatists Js it possible you will quote for this mad error S. Augustin Do you belieue Melchiades receiued his authority for iudging the Controuerly of the Donatists and Caecilianus from Constantin Js it because Constantin commanded three french Bishops to ioyn with the Pope in that matter therfore they must be of equal authority with the Pope in deciding it or any other Controuersy of Religion Was this S. Augustins opinion Read ouer again that 162. Epistle of Saint Augustin You will find you mistake or abuse him and your Readers all along Allmost in the beginning of that Epistle he tells the Donatists that Caecilianus needed not feare or value the conspiring multitude of his Aduersaries who were 70. Bishops with their Numidian Primat And why Because he was in Communion with the Roman Church wherin alwayes the principality of the Apostolik Chaire was of force in qua semper Apostolicae Cathedrae viguit principatus and where he was ready to haue his cause tryed vbi paratus esset causam suam dicere Not a word heer of vsurpation of authority to iudge of this or any other cause in case the Pope should do it without the Emperors delegation or desire The principality of the Apostolik Chair is the Popes warrant to iudge of all Ecclesiastical controuersies according to Saint Austin not the Emperors Commission or delegation But how coms the Emperor Constantin to make the Pope his delegat in this matter How coms Saint Augustin to say the Pope did not vsurp his iudging it because the Roman Emperor being desired sent Bishops Iudges who might sit with the Pope and iudge of the whole cause what might seem iust First I do not see that Constantin delegated or gaue the Pope any power to iudge but only sent other Bishops to sit and iudge with him The vsurping therfore which S. Augustin speakes of heer is not any vsurpation of authority as if the Pope had not any to iudge such matters without the Emperors delegation or approbation but the Emperor hauing bin chosen by the Donatists as Arbiter and not hauing bin excepted against by Caecilianus or hauing bin desired to name Ecclesiastical Iudges in this cause it might seem to the Donatists that Melchiades had thrust himself into a matter which was with the consent or permission of both parties to be determined by the Emperors arbitration or by Iudges which he was desired to appoint Rogatus quippe Imperator Iudices misit Episcopos qui cum eo sederent But the Emperor sending these Iudges he had appointed to Pope Melchiades and bidding them ioyn in iudgment with him is not to giue authority of iudging to the Pope but rather to confirm by the Papal authority the Bishops iudgment And therfore S. Augustin had reason to tell the Donatists the Pope did neither vsurp any authority or intermedle in their controuersy officiously without hauing bin appeald to or without being desired by the Emperor to whom they had remitted both the matter and the manner of deciding it But what shall we say of your ingenuity Mr. Walsh if it appears out of the very places or Epistles you ouâ—te of Saint Augustin for maintaining temporal Soâ—â—raigns iudicature in ecclesiastical matters and his insinuating that the Pope would vsurp the Emperors authority
do supplicat your Majesty you be pleased to command by a most pious order that Peter Walsh a disturber of the peace in lieu of Peter the Inuader of the Church Alexandria be transported to foreign parts Would any man of sense iudge by this humble request that our King or any other to whom it were made had that spiritual authority in Ecclesiastical matters which you would fain flatter Soueraigns with Nay suppose his Majesty or the Parliament were pleased for the peace of the three Nations and to punish you for teaching and printing that Bishops as Bishops can not lawfully help or succor their King to pull down an vsurper or oppose any rebellion to send you to row in the Galleys of Tangiers or to the Baâ—bados to labor with the slaues in the Sugar Mills as you say pag. 357. one Chronopius a Bishop was sent to digg in the Syluer Mines by the Emperor Valentinian for appealing to him after he had bin condemned by an Ecclesiastical sentence of 70. Bishops would any one think that this Mission of yours to Tangiers or Barbados after you had bin condemned by the Church as an heretik for this doctrin could proue that the King or Parliament had power to gouern the Church or to make lawes in spiritual matters T is therfore to no purpose for me to confute these and other wild arguments of yours seing themselues sufficiently lay open your gross mistake and demonsttat your litle wit and iudgment But I will beg my Readers leaue and patience to relate your Achilles a The case of S. Iohn Chrysosiom in the controuersy of S. John Chrysostom Arcadius an Emperor also very Orthodo◠〈◊〉 Friar Walsh pag. 360. receiued the accusations against Iohn Chrysostom Bishop of Constantinople and thervpon hauing first ordered a iudicial procedure against this great and holy Bishop at last condemn'd and sent him with a guard of Soldiers farr off to exile Socrates lib 6. c. 16. Falad in Dial. And certainly Pope Innocent the first of that name who then gouerned the see of Rome where he inueighs bitterly against Arcadius and against Endoxia his Empress as against most grieuous Persecutors of so great and so holy a man doth not at all obiect that Arcadius being a meer lay man vsurped a iâ—dâ—â—iary power in Ecclesiastical matters or so against his own Bishop nor that he proceeded so against him out of or by a tyrannical power and not by any legal authority ouer him in the case but only reprehends Arcadius in that he had not proceeded iustly against Chrysostom or in that he had not made right vse of the power which he had in the case and in a word in that he expell'd Chrysostom from his Episcopal throne before his cause had bin legaly and throughly sifted or iudged as it ought and consequently without obseruing the due formaliues or euen substantial or essential procedure in such case required by the law 〈◊〉 sayes he è throno suo re non iudicata magnum totius orbâ—s Doctorem Niceph. lib. 13. cap. 34. Nor doth Chrysostom himself any where complain of the Emperor as hauing vsurped a power of iudging condemning or banishing him And yet we know he writ to seueral especialy to Pope Innocent many letters fâ—aught with complaints of the Emperors vniust iudgment and proceedings against him acknowledging Arcadius or at least supposing him still a legal Iudge though vniust as to the sentence in the case You haue the misfortune Mr. Walsh to contradict yourself in euery story you tell and by consequence you haue a special gift of discrediting your own writings and making your relation and comments vpon it incredible and ridiculous You say in the beginning of this story that Arcadius receiued the accusations against Saint Iohn Chrysostom and therupon hauing first ordered a iudicial procedure against that holy Bishop at last condemned and sent him with a guard of Soldiers farr off to exise A iudicial procedure Mr. Walsh is to proceed secundum allegata probata if Arcadius did so and was Chrysostoms lawfull Iudge Pope Innocent could not reprchend Arcadius as proceeding vniustly against him or say that he condemned him re non iudicata Js to condemn one according to a iudicial procedure and by a lawfull authority to condemn him re non iudicata When therfore the Pope reprehended Arcadius for banishing Chrysostom re non iudicata before his cause was sentene't he meant as is vnderstood by euery man of sense that Arcadius was not his lawfull Iudge and that he ought to haue expected the sentence of the Apostolik sea or a Catholik Councel of Bishops to which the Saint had appeald You see Mr. Walsh how you contradict yourself and how difficult a thing it is to contradict truth and to corrupt such Authors as tell it without being caught in a lye Heare then the true story of S. Iohn Chtysostoms controuersy with the Emperor Arcadius as it is related by S. Iohn himself Palladius and the same Authors which you quote Theophilus Bishop of Alexandria and others ill affected to S. Iohn Chrysostom were employ'd by Eudoxia the Empress to depose that holy Prelat from his see his chief Accusers were som of his own Priests who could not endure his iust reprehensions for their faults Amongst other things himself sayes he was accused of too much familiarity with a certain woman and that he permitted people to receiue the communion after eating This accusation was heard by Theophilus and 36. Bishops of his and the Empress faction met at Calcedon and exhibited by two Priests of Constantinople which Chrysostom had excommunicated for notorious crimes The Saint had with him in Constantinople forty Bishops assembled to heare a charge of 70. articles giuen in against Theophilus but Thophilus who should haue stood at the bair in Constantinople sate as a Iudge in Calcedon and without any lawfull authority summon'd Chrysostom to appeare before him at Calcedon to answer the charge put in against him by the two excommunicated Priests But though the S. said he would appeare when soeuer the Iudges were lawfull and not parties yet the 40. Bishops who stuck to him signified to Theophilus that he should rather com to Constantiuople to cleer himself than call others to iudgment at Chalcedon Vpon this Chrysostom had sentence of deposition past vpon him at Chalcedon for contumacy forsooth And though he appeald to a Councell of Catholik and indisterent Bishops yet those of Chalcedon had so much interest with the Empress and shee with the Emperor as to haue Chrysostom halled out of his Church by Soldiers wherupon he retired to Bernetum of Bithinia But a sedition being feared in Constantinople for this iniustice the Emperor and the Empress also sent to desire him to return withall diligence which he did but as soon as he return'd he desired the Emperor as may be seen in his Epistle to Pope Innocent that his cause might be tryed in a lawfull Synod of Bishops so
farr was he from acknowledging the Emperor to be lawfull Iudge either of his cause or of his banishment Som months after Chrysostoms return he reprehended the sportes and playes which were acted almost at the Church door with so much profaness and noyse that the Diuine seruice and Sermons could scarce be heard But because this stirr was kept in honor of the Empress Endoxia and at her statue which was set vp neer the Church vpon a noble pillar she interpreted Chrysostoms zeal to be but animosity against herself and sent priuatly for those Bishops which had formerly condemned and deposed him at Chalcedon to the end they might renew or confirm that sentence or any other by virtue wherof he might be deposed and banished They finding no crime wherupon to ground his deposition pretended it was a sufficient cause for it that hauing bin lately deposed by themselues in their Synod of Calcedon he return'd to take possession of his see without the sentence of an other Synod greater than that which had deposed him alleaging this to be against a Canon made in a Councell of Antioch But the Saint replyed it was a Canon made by som Arian Bishops against S. Athanasius and therfore of no force Heerupon the aforsaid Bishops and Eudoxia importuned the Emperor Arcadius to banish Chrylostom assuring him that their sentence therof was iust taking vpon their own souls the sin and blame therof The Emperor at their instance sent a Message to Chrysostom to be gon but he answering that he had receiued the charge of that Church from God to procure the saluation of souls and therefore could not leaue it vnless he were forc't away the Emperor sent soldiers to do it Then Chrysostom appeald to Pope Innocent the first vsing these words I beseech you write and by your authority decree that these wicked transactions be of no force as of their own nature they are voyd and null we hauing bin absent and not refusing iudgment those who haue don them make them subiect to the Censure of the Church But we who are innocent and not coâ—â—cted nor found guilty of any crime command to be restored to our Churches to the end we may enioy peace and charity with our brethren You see Mr. Walsh whether S. Iohn Chrysostom owned the Emperor to be his lawfull and supreme Iudge You see how he appeals from his iudgment to the Pope Now you shall see how the Pope not only reprehended but punish't iudg'd and excommunicated the Emperor declared voyd Theophilus and all the other Bishops sentence Innocent his words are I the last of all and a sinnâ—r yet hauing the throne of the greate Apostle Peter committed to me do separat thee and her Eudoxia from receeiuing the immaculat Mysteries of Christ our God and euery Bishop or any other of the Clergy which shall presume to minister or giue to you those holy Mysteries after the time that you haue read these present letters of my binding I pronounce them deposed from their dignities c. Arsacius whom you plac't in the Bishops throne in Chrysostom's room though he be dead we depose and command that his name be not written in the role of Bishops In like manner we depose all other Bishops which of purposed aduice haue communicated with him c. To the deposing of Theophilus we add Excommunication Arcadius writ a submissiue letter to the Pope excusing himself and laying all the blame vpon the Bishops and Eudoxia saying he was ignorant of their iniustice against Chrysostom therfore beg'd that himself and Eudoxia who he said was sick and had bin seuerely reprehended by him might be absoluted from his Holiness Censures The Pope accepting of this excuse and submission restored them both to the Ecclesiastical communion This is the true story of S. Iohn Chrysostom out of which Mr. Walsh you may gather 1. That Areadius did not as much as pretend to be Iudge of S. Iohn Chrysostom or of his cause 2. That neither the Saint nor the Pope nor euen the factious Bishops who met at Chalcedon pretended there was any power in the Emperor to iudge or sentence the person or cause of Iohn but only to banish him pursuant to the sentence of the Conuenticle of Calcedon who took vpon themselues the sin of that action at which the Emperor scrupled as you haue heard 3. That when the Emperor commanded Iohn to be gon from his Church the Saint would not obey him as not being his Iudge and therfore the soldiers forc't him away Would such a great Saint as this haue disobeyed if he thought the Emperor had any lawfull power or iudicature ouer him in that matter It were an endless and superfluous labor to follow this wild Friar wandring vp and down the Ecclesiastical History with so litle iudgment that though he can not find therin any thing for his purpose yet is sure allwayes to fix vpon those examples which make most against him as we haue seen hitherto and any one may see in his own book wherin he instances half a dozen other Princes actions som wherof were confess'd heretiks as Theodoricus the Arrian This Prince though an Arian saith the iudicious Friar pag. 357. as to his belief of the Trinity of persons or Diuinity of Iesus Christ yet in all other points of Christian Religion he was precise wary and strict enough It s very likely a man who denyed the Trinity and the Diuinity of Christ would be very precise in belieuing and strict in not violating the Clergyes Priuileges The Catholik Princes did but execute the laws against Bishops when these were deposed and declared heretiks by the Church and that somtimes at the express petition of the Popes or Councells themselues and yet this dull Friar thinks this is a confession and acknowledgment of the Clergyes subiection in spiritual matters to temporal Soueraigns as Iudges therof What man in his wits would quote as this Friar doth pag. 361. these words of Pope Iohn 2. in his letter to the Emperor Iustinian as an euidence of â—ay Soueraigns iudicature or supremacy in Ecclesiastical affairs It s fit that they who obey not our Statuts be esteemed out of the Church But because the Church neuer shuts her bosom to those who return to it I beseech your Clemency that if those men hauing for saken their error and bad intention will return to the vnity of the Church and be receiued in your Communion that you will remoue the sting of your indignation and at our intreaty grant them the fauor of a benign mind Perhaps you Reader see not any thing in those words for Peter Walsh his purpose at least I do not see where the acumen lyes But we are dull Obserue saith this acute Friar that he the Pope sayes your indignation not our condemnation Mark that Sir Well I see these searching and subtile wits are strange things they find out Mysteries where there are none Mr. Walsh would you haue the Pope speake nonsense like
other than to put the lawfull Proprietor in possession Mr Walsh see how heretical and destructiue your doctrin is Suppose a thing which hath happened and may happen very often Suppose I say an vsurper or Rebell will not go to confession or if he doth will not restore the vsurp't Kingdom or Prouince to his lawfull Soueraign according to his Confessarius his command Hervpon the Bishops of that Kingdom or Prouince according to their duty excommunicat the Tyrant or Rebell for his publik sin and contumacy in keeping out of his Kingdom the lawfull King He contemns their Censures Let me ask you this question Do the Bishops sin in raising of their own accord and as Bishops an Army against the Tyrant or Rebell only to put their lawfull King in possession Answer M. Walsh Do they sin I say in doing this duty would the Pope sin if as Pope he had don the same would Innocenâ— 10. haue sin'd if he helpt to raise an Army in defence of the late King or for the restauration of the present against that vsurper Cromuell would other Popeâ— haue sinn'd in doing the same in prosecution of theiâ— Spiritual Censures in case these had not seru'd theiâ— turn against the Barons when they excommunicated them for their rebellion against King Iohn or King Henry the third Is the whole Catholik Church guiltâ— of heresy and impiety for maintaining this doctrinâ— Speake out Mr. Walsh or at least retract for shamâ— this wicked destructiue principle and accuse not thâ— Church of God as asserting in itself a power preiudiâ—cial to Soueraigns that power I say which hath biâ— so often applied and of its own nature is so appliâ—abâ— to their safety and seruice Do not follow Blacklows he retical principles whom you page 43. 1. p. termâ— learned Priest of the Roman Communion though much for most of his bookes censur'd at Rome They are censured all and censured as Arch heretical And one of them obedience and Gouernment is censur'd for this very doctrin of yours viz. That Subiects sin if they endeauor to restore their disposest and exiled lawfull Soueraign And this Blaklow after all this you and the Blakloistes call a learned Catholik Priest Do you imagin that any Catholik or protestant Soueraign will permit you or a Chapter and Clergy that hold such an Author to be a Catholik and of eminent learning to liue in their Dominions and instruct their Subiects Retire retire to your Conuent good Father Walsh obey your Superiors retract your heretical doctrin so inconsistent with the safety of lawfull Soueraigns submit to the corporal punishment your General will inflict vpon you when you are absolued from so many spiritual Censures you haue incurr'd buisy your-self no longer with Church or state affairs seing you are not sit for either and are so ignorant that pretending to fauor the Soueraignty of Princes you make it vnlawfull for Bishops to ferue them and accuse the Church of heresy for claiming a power to correct with corporal punishments you and such Friars as you are ANIMAD 5. Whether the Roman Catholik Church hath fallen into heresy or hatherr'd enormously these last 600. years for contradicting Friar Peter Walsh his doctrin of a spiritual supremary in temporal Soueraigns and whether all the Roman Catholik Bishops of all the world haue bin for the same 600. years or as least are in this last Century either Traytors to their Soueraigns or periur'd to the Pope for taking the ancient and vsual eath before Episcopal Consecration IT S euident Mr. Walsh by your own words quoted in the first and second Animaduersion that one of the enormous errors wherwith you charge the Church of God for these last 600. years is that the 80. Popes the innumerable writers and all the Bishops therof deny'd to temporal Soueraigns that Supremacy which is attributed in the English oath of Supremacy and a Legislatiue power of making lawes in ecclesiastical matters euen of Faith We haue also quoted these your words of the page 40. n. 3. in your Preface to the Reader If the truth were known it would be found that Baronius and the rest following him were willing to make vse of any malicious vngrounded fictions whatsoeuer against Instinian the Emperor c. by reason his Lawes in ecclesiastical matters euen those of Faith are a perpetual eysore to them because these Lawes are a precedent to all other good Princes to gouern their own respectine Churches in the like manner without any regard of Bulla Coenae or of so many other vain allegations of those men that would make the world belieue it vnlawfull for Secular Princes to make ecclesiastical lawes by their own sole authority for the gouernment of the Church c. To reform therfore this so long erroneus Church and to restore to Secular Princes that spiritual iurisdiction which is giuen them in the oath of Supremacy or a legislatiue power of making ecclesiastical lawes euen in matters of Faith by their own sole authority you Friar Walsh haue found out a Remonstrance wherin all this power and right is asserted and as you say ought to be taken by all loyall Subiects especialy the Bishops who renounce their allegiance by this ensuing oath to the Pope before their consecration which you set down in latin and I translate into inglish The Oath wherby according to Friar Walsh all Bishops are made Traytors pag. 19 Dedic IN. Elect of the Church N. from this hour forward will be faithfull and obedient to S. Peter the Apostle and to the holy Roman Church and to our Lord Pope N. as also to his Successors I will not be in counsel consent or fact that they may loose life or limb or be imprisoned or violent hands laid vpon them in any manner or any iniury don to them vpon any color whatsoeuer The Counsell wherwith they will trust me by themselues their Nuncios or letters I will not reueal to their preiudice The Roman Papacy and royalties of Saint Peter I shall help to retain and defend Saluo meo Ordine against all men I will treat honourably the Legat of the see Apostolik as he passeth by and returns and shall help him in his necessities I shall endeauor to conserue defend increase and promote the rights honors priuileges and authority of the holy Roman Church of our Lord the Pope and of his Successors I will not be in counsell fact or treaty wherin are plotted any sinister or preiudicial things against the Lord Pope or the Roman Church And if I know of any such plots against them I will endeauor to hinder them to the best of my power as also discouer them as soon as I can to the Pope himself or to som other that may giue him notice therof I shall obserue and cause to be obserued to the vttermost of my power the rules of the holy Fathers the Decrees Ordinations or dispositions reseruations prouisions and Apostolik Mandats I shall impugn and prosecute to my power Heretiks
bring to my purpose saith this honest Friar pag. 345. 1 part is that very same first and greatest of all Christian Emperors Constantin himself A Prince who as by the Confession of all sides and all writers was most pious and of all Princes deserted best of the Christian Catholik Churches so no man I think will haue the confidente to accuse him of hauing vsurped any kind of authority ouer Churchmen or practised any at all ouer them but what was allowed him by the lawes of God and nature a The Accusations of the Bishops offerd to Constantin but reiected by him as being an incompetent Iudge and approued also by the state ciuil and Ecclesiastical And yet this very great and pious Coustantin is he who in the General Councell of Nice or when it sate himself being present with them at Nice and often in the very session hall amidst the Council which was in his own Pallace there commanded the libels or petitions of accusitions and criminations offerd to him by Priests and Bishops against other Priests and other Bishops and as a Iudge of them all of both sides and in such criminal matters commanded the same libels to be brought before him and receiued them albeit immediatly therupon hauing first brought all parties to a friendly attonement by his Princely wisdom and piety and rebuking seuerely both the Accusers and accused for criminating and recriminating one an other with personal failings he cast before their faces all those libels into a fire Indeed Sozamen tells vs that Constantin said in this occasion It was not lawfull for him as being a man to take vpon or vnto himself the cognizance of such causes when the Accusers and the accused were Priests But if Constantin said so at all without any kind of doubt he must be supposed to haue said so partly out of somexcess of reuerence and piety to their Order c. Mr. Walsh you tell vs heer a long story but let me tell you 't is not euery one can tell a story well or to purpose You must neuer bring a story for a proof of what you say if it makes against yourself and proues the quite contrary of what you quote it for you bring this passage of Constantin the great to proue that Secular Princes neuer exempted the Clergy from their own suprem Iudicature and yet S. Gregory b Greg. 4. Epist 75. Nicol. Ep. ad Mich. Imp. the great and Pope Nicholas quote the very same passage in their letters to the Emperors Mauritius and Michaël to shew those Princes how much they degenerated from the piety and proceedings of the great Constantin who acknowledg'd it was not lawfull for him to iudge or punish the Clergy You say Constantin receiued those libels as Iudge of the Bishops and Priests but Constantin himself said it was not lawfull for him to take vpon himself the cognizance of such causes But say you if Constantin said so at all without any Kind of doubt he must be supposed to haue said so partly out of som excesse of reuerence For if Constantin had said so indeed and withall mean'd to be vnderstood of euen meer lay crimes or in a strict sense of the word fas or lawfull in order to such crimes of Priests or euen also to signify that himself was not a competent Iudge nor the sole Iudge for the punishing of heresy in them by external coercion c. He had neuer receiued the petitions either of the accusers or accused but remitted them on both sides to their own proper Iudges and Iudicatories the Tribunals of Bishops Nay the Bishops themselues at least such of them as were not particularly concerned in such criminations had likely admonished him not to giue eare or audience to the accusers of Bishops or at all receiued their libels as not being their competent Iudges And yet for any thing out of History none of them euer admonish'd much less reprehended him in this matter You doubt or at least would fain make others doubt whether Constantin said it was not lawfull for him to take cognizance of Ecclesiastical complaints or causes If Constantin said so at all You perceiue at length this story is not much for your purpose Why then did you mention it But why do you doubt of this part of the story and not of the rest You haue the same authority for this which you haue for the whole and when you take any thing vpon authority you must take all or nothing Jt had bin more for your purpose to haue resolutely denyed the whole story as most men do who defend such an ill cause as yours when the story makes so pat against you But if Constantin said so at all he must be supposed to haue said so partly out of som excess of reuerence and piety to their Order for if he mean'd to be vnderstood in a strict sense of the word fas or lawfull or to signify that himself was not a competent Iudge he had neuer receiued the petitions but remitted them to their own proper Iudges What do you mean Mr. Walsh Must Constantin be supposed to haue spoken one thing and meant the quite contrary Had he no other buisness ac Nice but to compliment the Bishops and tell them lyes so preiudicial to his own right and authority Is it the style of Soueraigns to declare that their Subiects ought not be iudged by the Supreme Secular Judicature Why must men suppose these absurdities Mr. Walsh Because forsooth if Constantin meant to be vnderstood in a strict sense of the word lawfull when he said he was no lawfull or competent Iudge of the Clergy he had neuer receiued the petitions but remitted them to their own proper Iudges I beg your pardon Sir Princes can not diuine what men put in their petitions they can not well reiect them before they are informed of the contents Jndeed you are in the right when you lay that Constantin ought to haue remitted the Clergy to their own proper Iudges if he did not think himself one And the same Authors a Deus vos constituit Sacerdotes potestatem dedit de nobis quoque iudicandi ideo nos à vobis rectè iudicamur vos autem non potestis ab hominibus iudicari propter quod Dei Solius inter vos expectate iudicium vestra iurgia quaecunque sunt ad â—â—ud Diuinorum reseruentur examen Soz lib. 1. cap. 16. who tells you the story tells you he did so his words are God hath constituted you Priests and gaue you power to iudge also of vs therfore we are rightly iudged by you but you can not be iudged by men wherfore expect the iudgment of God alone and reserue your differences whateuer they be to that diuine examination What cause then had the Catholik Bishops to admonish or reprehend so pious an Emperor who remitted them to God and his Diuine Tribunal What wonder is it you find no mention of any Bishops complaint admonition
deeply into them especialy if they be shallow that the fancy which it begets doth stick almost inseperably to the person pleased with it and becomes a real persuasion if the mans soul be so much a slaue to vanity and sensual pleasures as not to reiect those which are against reason It s thought Mr. Walsh by men whom we Catholiks take to be sober and iudicious persons that this is your case You are hugely pleased with the fancy and conceit you haue of your own abilities and wit as being much more penetrating and your iudgment more profound than that of other men this fancy is so deeply rooted in your shallow brains that you look vpon the rest of the world as distracted persons when they contradict you This fancy you preferr before all contrary euidences which are as many as your errors You are so besotted with it and with your own sentiments that you do not perceiue their non sense and contradiction in this condition you will continue I feare vntill you resolue to be humble and forsake those pittifull pleasures which diuert your reason from correcting your foolish imaginations Now that you know the cause of your distemper though the cure must be miraculous and proceed from Gods supernatural grace yet t is by his help in your own power to obtain it whensoeuer like the prodigal child you will return to that mercifull Father who with open arms expects you and will meet you half way Return therefore to your heauenly Father to your holy Mother the Catholik Church to your Seraphik Order of S. Francis and to yourself Return I say before you be preuented by approaching death whose herbingers are already lodged in your diseased body Your dayes can not be many let not that horrid euerlasting night and darkness oppress you at vnawares Let not the terrible Iudge find you in flagranti Burn your heretical bookes that they may not increase the flames which otherwise will torment you in hell fit Jn this world you can not expect any comfort but that of an humble and contrite heart Your Tenets so inconsistent with the safety of Soueraigns render you vncapable of being trusted or rewarded by your own as your age doth of long enjoying preferment if any should by mistake be so mad as to moue for your promotion Though you had bin in the spring of your years yet the vncertainty of human life and the length of eternity after it would make your pleasures very short and inconsiderable how much more now when you draw so neer your end Jf the apprehended sound and summons of the last dayes trumpet did keep Saint Hierom when he was much yonger than you are in such awe that he buried himself aliue in the Caue of Bethleem to the end his mortified body might be glorified in the day of iudgment with how much more reason ought it to terrify you and make you retire to your religious Cell and there chastise your pamperd body with the vsual disciplines of your holy Order to prepare both for your particular iudgment which is so neer at hand and for the generall wherin you will be publikly conuinc't of the falshood of your doctrin and of the folly of your attempts Let not the punctilio of mistaken honor nor the discontinuance of a regular life nor the pride of obstinat heresy work more vpon your ambitious and discontented mind than the example of Christs humility or that of many greater wits than yours who retracted their opinions and submitted their iudgments to the Roman Catholik Church in euery age since the Apostles Take courage then Father Walsh set on a braue resolution God is at hand to comsort and help you the Church militant prayes for you the triumphant longs to reioyce at your conuersion which will be more glorious to you euen in this world than your frailties haue bin dishonorable For my own part I shall commend your repentance more than I haue condemn'd your errors and in the mean time shall not cease to offer my best deuotions that you may return to your wits and a virtuous regular life
if he had iudged this cause of Caecilianus without his Maiesties commission it should be demonstrated that Saint Augustin maintains the quite contrary and reproaches the Donatists that euen against their own holding the Emperor not to be a competent Iudge of Ecclesiastical differences they made vse of him in this controuersy and at the same time found fault with Caecilianus and Felix a An fortè sicut quidam dixit quod quidem cum nobis diceretur displicuit sed tamen praetermittendum non est Ait enim quidam non debuit Episcopus Proconsulari iudicio purgarâ— c. for defending themselues before a Secular Iudge A Certaine man saith Saint Augustin meaning one of the Donatists themselues said a thing which you are not willing to heare but must be told you this man said A Bishop ought not be cleerd by the iudgment of a Proconsul This the Donatists obiected against Bishop Felix because Aelianus by Constantins command had examined the whole matter again and declared Felix innocent What doth Saint Augustin answer to this obiection As if forsooth Felix or Caecilianus had sued or desired such a iudgment quasi verò ipse sibi hoc comparauerit Jt was at the instance of the Donatists not of the Catholiks a lay man iudg'd the matter and supposing the Emperor took vpon him the arbitration or iudgment of it whether with consent of the parties or only with permission of Felix and Caecilian who could not help themselues any other way supposing I say the Emperor took vpon himself the examination of the matter he was bound in conscience to haue a great care to find out the truth that innocency might not be oppressed and the innocent Bishops had no reason to refuse or hinder the relief and remedy they found by that examination And therfore S. Augustin answers the Donatists obiection Non debuit Episcopus Proconsulari iudicio purgari Quasi vero ipse sibi hoc comperauerit ac non Imperator ita quaeri iusserit ad cuius curam de qua rationem Deo redditurus esset res illa maximè pertinebat Arbitrum enim Iudicem causae traditionis Schismatis illi eum fecerant qui ad eum etiam pretes miserant ad quem posteà prouocarunt tamen iuditio eorum acquiescere noluerunt Out of these words you see Saint Augustin sayes it belong'd to Constantins care most of all to examin or inquire into that matter because the Donatists had desired him to be Arbiter or iudge of it and Caecilianus and Felix did not or rather durst not except against him as appears by the Saints words excusing these two for not excepting against that lay Iudge which the Donatists impos'd vpon them and taxing these for recurring to him Wherfore saith Saint Augustin Ep. 162. a Itaque si culpandus est quem Iudâ—x â—errenus abâ—oâ—uit cum ipse â—bi hoc non proposcisset quâ—nto magiâ— culpandi sunt qui terrenum Râ—gem suae causae iudicem esse voluerunâ— Si autem criminis non est prouocare ad Impâ—ratorem non est criminis audiri ab Imperatore Ergâ— nec ab illo câ—â— causam delegauerit imperator D Aug ibid. Quendam euam suspenâ—um eculeo in causa Felicis Episcopi amicus ille voâ—uit criminati c. quoted by yourself Mr. Walsh if he ought to be blamed who is deâ—lared by a temporal Iudge when he desired none such how much more are they to be blamed that would needs haue a temporal King to be Iudge of their cause But if it be no crime to appeal to the Emperor sure it is no crime to be heard by the Emperor Therfore neither is it any to be heard by him to whom the Emperor did delegat the cause This is a good argument ad hominem against the Donatists They also obiected against the Bishop Felix that one was tortured in the examination of his cause to wrest the truth from him Saint Augustin excuses Felix from being any way blameable in that buisness Nunquid poterat Felix saith he contradicere ne tanta diligentia vel seueritate quaereretur cum eius causam inueniendam cognitor agitaret Quid enim erat aliud nolle sic quaeri quam de crimine confiteri How could Felix hinder the diligence or seuerity of him that inquired into that cause would he not haue confessed himself guilty if he had obstructed that examination Heer you see Mr. Walsh how S. Augustin blames the Donatist Bishops for repairing to a lay Iudge but excuses the Catholik Bishop Caecilianus and Felix for defending themselues before a lay Iudge whom they did not desire to be Iudge of that Ecclesiastical cause There is great difference between the Plaintiff and the Defendant Many things are lawfully don in a man's defence when he is violently or vnreasonably assaulted which are not lawfull when don otherwise The same practise of the Donatist Bishops recurring a Friar Walsh imitats the Donatists example in his persecuting Catholiks Bishops to a secular Iudge of their own accord and taxing the Catholik Bishops with a crime for answering and defending themselues when they are recommanded to appeare before the same Iudge doth Saint Augustin obiect in his 48. Epistle also which you quote as fauoring the quite contrary Nay Saint Augustin himself say you pag. 350. openly sayes and auers that neither the accusing or appealing Bishops themselues were to be reprehended on this account that they drew or brought the affairs or causes of or accusations against other Bishops to a secular Iudicatory For thus he writes Ep. 48. Si autem sicut falsò arbitramini verè criminosum Caecilianum iudicandum terrents potestatibus tradiderant quid obijâ—itis quod vestrorum praesumptio primitus fecit he speaks to the later Donatists quod eos non arguerimus sayes he quia fecerunt si non animo inuido noxio sed emendandi corrigendi voluntate fecissent Therfore Saint Augustin sayes that where and when the dispute concerns the correction and amendment of Ecclesiasticks to demand the iudgment or sentence and to appeal to the power of earthly Princes is not reprehensible if the accusers proceed not in such or indeed any other application out of enuy or malice Thus you Is it the part of a Christian writer Mr. Walsh to impose vpon his Readers such falshoods as you do and then vpon that great Doctor of the Church Saint Augustin This great Doctor writ that Epistle 48. to proue it was lawfull for Churchmen to implore the protection and help of secular Princes and the execution of their lawes against heretiks and schismatiks but not their Iudicature as is euident by the text And because Rogatus and other Donatists reprehended the Saint for changing his former opinion into this which he now defended he retorts their arguments and puts them in mind of the ancient Donatists practises against Caecilian shewing how inconsequently and absurdly they argued against the punishment of conuicted heretical