to hym by Niger his messenger When Cleopatra heard this fearing that if Octauia came she would put hir out of conceyt she bestirred hir she pined hirselfe she wepte and wayled and woulde néedes dye for Antonyes sake who sayd he would take his iourney in hand Some there were that blamed Antony as rude and hard harted that hâ—e would put so louing a Lady and so great a Quéene in danger of hir life eyther for his wiues sake or for anye other cause in so muche as Antony was made a tame foole and deferred vnto the next sommer his expedition and returned to Alexandria to winter with Cleopatra Now was Octauia returned to Rome hir brother willed hir to goe to hir owne house but she went to Antonyes house which she kept with so good order and cherishing as well the children he had by Fuluia as by hir selfe as it did aggrauate the fault of Antony that he woulde forsake so vertuous a Romane Lady for an Egiptian straÌ„ger Octauia desired hir brother that if there were none other cause of warre but by hir that he would not moue it for she should beare the blame Therefore â—â— all requests she did help Antonyes friends whereby vnwillingly she hindered Antony who was nowe so fonde waxen as hée woulde haue Cleopatra called by the name of the Goddesse Isis Quéene of Aegypt Cyprus Affrâ—ke and Caelosiria and Caesarion whome it was thought she hadde by Iulius Caesar to be hir companion in these Kingdomes The sonnes that he hadde by hir he called Kings of Kings To Alexander Armenia Mediâ— Parthia to Pâ—olomeo Phâ—enitia Syria Cilicia he appoynted In Rome Caesar accused him of this geare before the Senate Antony by letters accused Caesar likewise First â–ª that he had not made him partaker of Sicilia â–ª out of the which he â—ad wrong Pompey Then y he had not restored the Shyppes which he had lent him Thirdlye that hauing deposed Lepâ—dus his fellow in authoritie he kepte those profites and prouinces to his owne vse and that he had diuided Italy to his owne souldioures and not remembred his To these Caesar answered that bycause Lâ—pidus ruled out of order hée had broughte him to order his prouinces he woulde participate with him when he would diuide with him Armenia â–ª As for hys Souldyoures they hadde no portion in Italy no more than he in Media Parâ—hâ—a WheÌ„ Antony heard of this he sent by by Canidius with xvj legions to the sea He carrying Cleopatra wyth hym wente to Ephesus whither all his Nauie assembled to the number of eyght hundred shippes of burden of the which Cleopatra gaue him two hundreth and two hundreth talentes for the expences of the warre Domitius and other of Antonyes counsell woulde haue had Cleopatra to haue gâ—ne to Egypt till the warre were ended But she corrupted Cantdius to tell him that it was not honorable to remoue hir that was at suche charge for the warre nor sure to exaâ—perate the Egyptians mindâ—s in whome was great part of his forces by sea So Antony must liue wyth Cleopatra â—â—l they were both brought to death From Ephesus they wente to Samâ— where they made lusty théere For as all Kings Princes and prouinces were commanded to bring all maner of munition for the warre thither euen so all kind of players and people of paâ—â—â—â—â— wer willed also to be there that at what time all the wâ—â—ld as it were was in â—orrowe for y â— â—uine that was toward that only IlaÌ„d was â—n all ioy pleasure The Kings sente all prouâ—â—â—â—â—hâ—â—her striâ—ing who should make greatest baÌ„â—uets in so much as it was saide if there be suche cheering before the wâ—â— wha◠〈◊〉 will there be when the victory is gotten 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 they 〈◊〉 Pâ—â—enâ— â–ª where were shewed all y Come 〈◊〉 â—â—◠〈◊〉 and theâ—â—â— Aâ—â—ens where aâ— kinds of newe shewes were deuiâ—ed â—éere 〈◊〉 â—â—â— emulation of Octâ—uia to whoâ—â— the Athenianâ— had dâ—ne great honoures gaue a greate â—â—â—gesse to â—he people and they againe made a decrée of honours â—o â—e done â—o hâ—â— aâ—â—he â—â—â—â—he Antony was as a â—â—â—â—zen of Athâ—â—â—â— â—â—â—â—â— the 〈◊〉 of the 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 aâ—â—raâ—â—on vnto hir Antonie had sent to Rome â–ª to remoue Octauia out of his house She went from it with all his chyldren wéeping and lamenâ—â—ng that she should â—e any cause of the warre The people lamented bothe hir and Antonie specially they that had seene â—leopatra who did not excell Octauia neyther in beautie nor in floure of yeares Caesar Octauius was afrayde when he heard of Antonies expedition and great preparation for he had nothyng ready nor money to prepare in gathering of the whiche if Antonie had come on Caesar had bene in great daunger For whyles money is so eâ—acted men are tumultours but when it is gathered they be quiet Therefore it was thought a greate folie in Antonie to detract the time But what shal a man say That that wil be shal be Titius and Plancus twoo chiefe aboute Antonie and they that gaue him aduise he should send Cleopatra away fledde from him to Caesar bycause Cleopatra began to maligne at them and they did bewray Antonies Testament being priuie to it It was kept of the Uirgines Uestalles to whome Caesar sente to haue it they would not deliuer it if he woulde take it from them hée might So he went and tooke it away and first by himselfe redde it and noted what might be sayde agaynst it Then he called the Senate and redde it openly whereat many were grieued thinkyng it not reasonable that a mans minde for his death shoulde bée scanned whylest he was aliue The greatest faulte that was founde was this that he had willed wheresoeuer he died that his body should be caried to Alexandria and sente tâ— Cleopatra Furthermore one Caluisius a fréende of Caesars obiected agaynst Antoniâ— That he had giuen hir the Librarie of Pâ—rgamo in the whiche was two hundred thousand bookes That he would rise from the table and tâ—ample vpon hir féete by compacte That he suffered the Ephesians in his presence to call hir Soueraigne That when hâ—gaue audienâ—e to Kings and Pâ—iâ—ces he woulde receyue letters of loue from hir written in tables of pearle and Cristall and reade them That when Furnius a man of authoritie in Rome and very eloquent did pleade a cause before him â—leâ—pâ—tra came by in a litter he left the court and â—aâ—â—e downe â—â—â—â—â— and lâ—â—nyng â—pon â—â—e lâ—tter went away with hir Many men thought Caluisius forged these crimes Therefore Antonies fréends made meanes to the people of Rome for him And sent Geminius vnto him to warne him to take héede that he loste not his power and be pronounced rebell to Rome When Geminius was come into Graecia Cleopatra suspected he came to entreate for Octauia And beyng at supper
the wall and entred the Citie but being valiantly repulsed in their retire vnawares they fell into a fenne where a greate parte of them perished The Barbarians the night following made vppe theyr wall but at length when both sides was oppressed wyth famine Scipio promised them that there should be no fraude in their treatie to whome faith was giuen for the opinion of hys vertue This was the ende of thys warre that they shoulde deliuer tenne thousande Souldioures coates a certayne number of caitell and fiftie pledges The gold and siluer Lucullus could not haue for whose cause he made the warre thinking Spayne had bin full of it for those people hadde it not neyther doe these Celtiberians much estéeme suche things After this he wente toward Pallantia whiche was a Citie of greater name and power into the whyche many were fledde therefore many counselled him to leaue it but he ▪ bycause hée heard it was ▪ wealthy and riche did not followe their councell When he went to forage euer he had the Pallantine horsemen vpon him so as for lacke of victuall he was fayne to remoue his Camp and so ledde his army in a square battell the Pallantines euer following till he came to the floud Orius Then they went away at midnight and he returned to the Turditanes land and there wintered This end hadde the warre whiche Lucullus made with the Vacceans without the authoritie of the Senate Therfore that he shuld not come to iudgemēt being accused c. ¶ Notwithstanding another part of Spayne called Lusitania lyuing after their owne lawes with a certayne Captayne of Africa did spoyle the Countreys that obeyed the Romanes and whē they had ouerthrowen Manilius and Calphurnius Piso the Romane Captaynes they killed syxe thousande of them beside Terentius Varro that was treasourer by the whiche thing the Affrican being proude did runne ouer all the Countreys to the Ocean sea and ioyning the Vettones vnto him beséeged the Blastophenicians that were subiect to the Romanes with the whyche they say Anniball did mingle some of the Carthage generation therfore they were called Blastophenicians Thys Captayne was hurte on the head with a stone and dyed and in hys place succéeded another called Cessaro Hée foughte wyth Mummius that was come from Rome wyth another armye of whome being ouercome and Mummius chacing hym he returned vppon them that followed disorderly and kylled tenne thousande and recouered all hys prey and hys owne Campe whyche hée hadde lost and besyde spoyled the Romanes Campe and tooke theyr Ensignes the whyche they shewing throughout Spayne made a laughingstocke of the Romanes Mummius nowe Campyng in a strong place exercised the Souldioures whyche he hadde lefte whyche were fiue thousande and durst not bryng them into the playne tyll they hadde recouered theyr courage The Lusitanes albeit they inhabite the other syde of the floud Tagus yet they tooke armes and wasted the Cuneans that were tributaries to the Romanes Canchenus béeyng theyr Captayne and tooke Cunistorges theyr greate Citie and passed the Sea at the pillers of Hercules so as some of them wente into Affrica and some beséeged the Citie of Ocilis Mummius followed them with nine thousand footemen and fiue hundred horsemen and killed of them fiftéene thousande that wasted the Countreys and many of the other and deliuered Ocile from the séege and then méeting with them that raunged that Countrey he destroyed them all so as not a messenger was left The prey that coulde be carryed he distributed to the Souldioures the rest he burned in the honor of the Gods that be the rulers of warre for the which things he triumphed at Rome at his returne M. Attilius succéeded him which in one rode killed seuen hundred Lusitanes and destroyed a great Citie called Ostrace and tooke all the countrey aboute yéelding for feare in the whiche some were of the nation of the Bottanes but so soone as Attilius departed to hys winter station they reuolted and beséeged certayne of the Romanes tributaries whome when Seruius Galba successor to Attilius would haue put from the séege of the sodayne when he had gone in one night and a day fiue hundred surlongs he shewed himselfe to the Lusitanes and put his souldioures wearie of their iourney to the fight forthwith and when he had put the enimie to flighte and foolishly followed them with his Souldioures weake and wearie the Barbarians séeing them scattered and manye times resting them for faintenesse turned and gaue a charge vpon them and killed seauen thousande of them Galba with the horsemen about him recouered himselfe at the Citie of Carmena where he gathered all them that escaped and when he had twenty thousand of the tributarie souldyoures he went into the borders of the Cuneans where he wintered at Cunistorge Lucullus who made warre with the Vacceans withoute the authoritie of the Senate comming that time into Turditania vnderstoode that the Lusitanes made warre vppon their neighboures therefore he sent some of his best Captaynes and killed fiftéene hundred of them as they passed a water and others that were fledde into an hill he compassed with trenches and mountes and killed a great multitude Then entring Lusitania he wasted one parte and Galba another Some that sente Embassadors to confirme the league made with Attilius and broken of them he receyued into friendship and compounded the master wyth them Also he fayned that he was sory for them and kllwel ▪ that they for continuall wante were driuen to spoyle and so breaking league made warre I know quoth he that you were cōpelled to it by the barennesse and want of your Countrey ▪ but I will put you into a plentifull soyle and diuide you into thrée seuerall places full of abundance They being allured by thys hope went from their owne houses whome being diuided into thrée partes he shewed them a playne where he had them stay till he came to shew them the place where they shoulde buylde their Citie When he was come to the firste he willed them to leaue their armour as friends which they did then he enclosed them with ditches and trenches and sent in his souldyource and caused them all to be kylled not one escaping they calling vpon the Gods for the breach of faith He did the like to the seconde and thirde before one vnderstoode of anothers calamitie and thus he reuenged fraude with fraude following the Barbarians vse no respect he had to y honor of Rome A few escaped among whome was Viriatus who after was Captayne of the Lusitanes and did greate feates and killed many Romanes Those things that were done afterwarde I will shewe in the other bookes But Galba who passed Lucullus in couetousnesse distributed a fewe things among the souldyoures and tooke the rest to hymselfe although he was most riche of all the Romanes He was a man that in peace where profite appeared would
After Apuleius and the rest were killed the Senate and the people decréede to call home Metellus but P. Furius Tribune not borne of a frée man to his father but made frée of a bond man boldly did resist them and reiected his sonne Metellus beséeching him with teares vpon his knées in the sight of all the people which yong man for that pitifull acte was euer after called Metellus the dutifull Caius Canuleius Tribune the next yeare did accuse Furius and the people that would not tarrie to haue him tried by iudgement did teare him in péeces Thus euer one mischiefe or other was committed in the common place Metellus was called home and as they say a daye did not suffice for them that came to welcome hym home at the gates of the Citie Thus the thirde sedition after the two former made of the two Graccâ—â— begunne by Apulesus and working muche trouble to the Romaynes was ended In the meane tyme kyndled a stirre called the fellowes warre whiche as it was sodayne so it shortlye grewe verye great and caused dissention to ceasse at home for feare of trouble abrode and when it was ended it raysed newe turmoyles and workers of discorde not for makyng of Cities or creating of officers among the people but wyth myghtye armyes séekyng one anothers destruction the whyche I thought good to ioyne with thys Hystorie bycause it procéeded of ciuill dissention and increased to a farre greater tumulte the begynnyng whereof was thys Fuluiuâ— Flaccus béeyng Consull was the fyrste that openly encouraged the Italians to aske the fréedome of Rome that of subiectes they myghte bée coequall in authoritie And bycause hée was so earnest in the cause the Senatoures sente hym to a forrayne warre where hée laboured to bée Tribune When hys office shoulde ende and broughte to passe that hée was chosen Tribune wyth Gracchus the yonger both the whyche going aboute to make lawes in the fauoure of the Italians were slayne as yée haue hearde whereby the Italians were the more sharplyesette takyng it gréeuouslye that they were rather vsed lyke vnderlyngs than fellowes and that Fuluius and Gracchus for theyr sakes were so destroyed after whome Liuius Drusus a noble man and Tribune hadde promised the Italians to make a lawe in theyr fauoure touchyng the freedome of the Citie whereof they were verye desirous as the onely meane of Seruauntes to bée made Superioures To gratifye the people of Rome the Tribune ledde newe inhabitances as well into Italie as Sicelie determined before but tyll that tyme deferred Hée also tooke in hande to make pacification betwéene the Senatoures and the Gentlemen whyche were fallen out for authoritie of iudiciall matters and when hée sawe hée coulde not directlye restore the Senate to theyr former iurisdiction he vsed a policie wyth them both for where the Senate by reason of sedition were scarcely the number of thrée hundred hée deuised that so many more shoulde bée chosen of the Gentlemen and of them all Judges to bee chosen in tyme to come to heare matters of corruption whyche was nowe no more regarded for men were waxen so shamelesse as it was thoughte no faulte but thys policie hadde contrarie successe for the Senate was gréeued that so many Gentlemen shoulde so suddaynely bée made theyr fellowes béeyng vnlyke that they in lyke authoritie would agrée with them The Gentlemen were afrayde that the whole order of iudgementes should be in the Senate the which thing now hauing tasted of great gaine with much authoritie they began not without cause to suspect besideforth an emulation grew among themselues which of theÌ„ shoulde be thought worthier than other to be chosen to the thrée C. and he that was was sure to be enuied but nothing did more trouble them than that the triall of corruption shoulde be called agayne to the ordinary court the which was now out of vse and in this the Senate and the Gentlemen though they agréed not among themselues yet they both conspired agaynste Drusus The people was pleased wyth theyr newe habitations But the Italians for whose sakes the Tribune hadde begunne all these things could not away with the placing of newe habitacions for if the diuision of common land should ceasse the rich men some by force and some by fraude woulde winne it and streight get it from them and be euill neyghbours to them that would with-holde them The Tuscanes and the Vmbrians hauing the like affection were brought of the Consull inpretence to dispatche Drusus but in very déde to resist the lawe againste the which they openly cryed and expected the day of determination When the Tribune hearde of this he came not abroade but gaue audience at home in a darke gallerie and in an euening dismissing the people it hapned so that he cryed I am hurt and with y word he fell downe dead it was found that he was strickeÌ„ with a Shomakers knife in y flanke Thus Drusus the Tribune was slayne The Gentlemen of this determination tooke occasion to picke quarels against their enimies and induced Q. Valerius the Tribune to take vppon him to accuse all them that eyther priuily or apertly had furthered the Italians in the publique matters hoping thereby the great men should haue bin brought into slaunders and diffamation and they be their Judges whych being ridde away they shoulde yet haue greater power in the common wealth And whereas other Tribunes did refuse to propound the lawe the Gentlemen with swords in hand did coÌ„passe the place and caused the law to be made which as soone as they had obteyned they brought in accusers againste the Senatours whereof one Bestius woulde not obey but wente into voluntarie banishment as he that would not giue himselfe into the hands of his enimies Cotta appeared in iudgement and when hée had very boldly declared his seruice for the common wealth and reprehended the Gentlemen before he shoulde be cast out by decrée he wente away willingly Mummius that euercame Greece being promised of the Gentlemen to be released was deceyued and forced with shame to flée iudgement and to leade his lyfe in the I le of Delos The people began to be gréeued at this disorder increasing dayly against the best men lamenting that so many and so good CitizeÌ„s should be so suddainely taken from them The Italians hearing of Drusus death and the cause of so many mens exile thinking no longer to be suffered that such a sort of their chiefe patrones should be thus vsed and not hoping any other way to obteyne the fréedome of the Citie determined to leaue the Romaines and to make warre vpon them At the beginning of this confederacie they secretely gaue hostages for assurance of their faith which thing was long hidde to the Romaines bycause of their dissention and iudiciall causes but when it was perceyued they sente diuers abroade to vnderstand the thyng closely one of the whiche marking that
There was out of Sybils bookes an olde saying that the Parthians shoulde not be ouercome till a Kyng went against them wherefore some there were so bold to saye that as it was expedient for the Romaines to call him Dictator or Imperator or anye other name in stead of a King so that all nations subiect to the Romaine Empire should call hym king Hée refused this also and made hast to his iourney bycause he sawe he was enuyed in the Citie but whereas be tarried till the appoynted time his enimies killed him foure dayes before in â—â—â— Senate house eyther for enuie which commonly accompanyeth such felicitie auctoritie or as they said for the loue of their couÌ„treys libertie For now they knew well that thoughe hée did not ouercome those nations without doubte he woulde be a king And for this cause I thinke they tooke the enterprise agaynste him vnder the pretence of that name for thoughe hée was but Dictator in degrée it was as much as a Kyng in déede There were two chiefe in that conspiracy Marcus Brutus Cepio sonne to Brutus that was killed of Sylla whiche fled to Caesar after the calamitie of Pharsalo field and Caius Cassius that delyuered hys galleis into Caesars hand at Hellespont These two were afore of Pompeys part and now much honoured of Caesar Decimus Brutus Albinus alwayes thoughte worthy of Caesar to be vsed in honor and credite and had great affaires committed to them and in the wars in Lybia trusted them wyth armies and made them Gouernours of Prouinces Decimus of France beyond the Alpes Brutus of the same on thys side the Alpes Brutus and Cassius béeyng Pretors contended for the superioritie of the place eyther indéede who shoulde be higher or else for a pretence that they shoulde séeme to be no friendes Caesar setting order betwixte them said to hys friendes Cassius desireth right but Brutus muste be pleased With so great loue and honour did Caesar vse hym that of some he was compted hys son bicause he loued very wel Seruilia Catos sister and Brutus mother Therfore when he got the victory at Pharsalo hée gaue greate charge to hys Captayns that in any wise they should saue Brutus But Brutus either as an ingrate man or ignorant of his mothers faulte or distrustfull or ashamed or very desirous of his couÌ„trys libertie preferring it before all other things or that he was descended of the auntient Brutus that droue out the Kings or that he was incensed and rebuked of the people for manye things were written vppon the Images of olde Brutus and in the Courte hall of this Brutus secretly set vp Brutus thou takest rewardes Brutus thou arte dead O Brutus I woulde thou were aliue nowe Brutus what vnworthy posterity hast thou Brutus thou arte not come of hym These and many other lyke did inflame the yong mans mind to take the worke in hande as from his progenitor The same of making him King did still encrease and that there woulde be a Counsell for it a little before the which Cassius tooke Brutus by the hand and sayd Brutus what shall we do in that counsell shall we as Casars slatterers agrée to make hym Kyng Brutus answered I would not be at that Counsell Cassius being cheared with those wordes said what if they call vs as Officers what shall we do good Brutus I wyll quoth he defend my Countrey euen to the death Then Cassius embraced hym saying Whom wilâ—e thou take of the best being of this opinion doest thou thinke that artificers and light people do set those writings vpon thy JudgemeÌ„t place rather thaÌ„ the best Citizens of Rome which of other Pretors do looke for shews and pastunes of horse and wilde beasts but of thée they require liberty as a worke worthy thine auncestors After they had thus firste opened what they had long kept in their minds before they then dealte plamely and eche of them proued his own friends and some of Caesars whome they knewe to be méete for a bolde enterprise and they got of their friendes two brethren Cecilius and Bucâ—lâ—â—â—us theÌ„ Râ—brius Riga Q. Lâ—gaâ—iw Marcus Spurius Seruilius Galba Sextius Naso and â—oâ—â—â—us Aquila all these of their trusty friends and of Caesars familiars Decimus of whome we spake Caius Casca Trebonius Tuâ—â—us Cymbrus Minutius and Basillus These béeyng thoughte sufficient and not iudging it fit to haue anye moe they agréed together wythout othe or sacrifice and yet was there not one that changed or disclosed but only sought tyme and place The tyme was shorte bycause Caesar muste goe away the fourth daye to hys armyes and then shoulde straighte haue a guarde of Souldioures aboute hym The place they appointed the Senate house thinking though the Senatoures were not priuie yet when they sawe the â—éede they woulde helpe to it as they saye happened to Romulus who of a Kyng became a Tyranne And that thys acte euen as that béeyng doone in the place of Counsel shoulde not be thoughte a treason but a deede of the Citie voyde of dreade of Caesars army bycause it was a common consent and that honour shoulde remaine to them also as not ignorant of the whole entent Concluding vppon this they thought the Senate house the fittest place Of the maner they differed some thought good to kill Antonie also being Consull with Caesar and his greatest friend â–ª and most accepted to the armye But Brutus â—â—yde â–ª if we dispatche Caesar alone wée shall be named killers of a Tyranne bicause we deliuer vs of a king and thereof muste haue oure prayse but if we kill anye of hys friendes we shall be thoughâ—◠〈…〉 against Pompeys enimies Being all persuaded by this â–ª they looked for the next méeting of the Senate The daye before that Caesar shoulde goe to the Senate he had bin at a banquet with Lepidus Capitayne of the horsemen whither he carryed Decimus Brutus Albinus and talkyng merilye what death was beste for a man some saying one and some another he of all praised the sodaine death Thus he prophecied of hymselfe and spake in selfe of that whiche shoulde come to passe in earnest the next day After the banquet in the night his body was sickely and hys wife Calphurnia dreamed she sawe hym all to be goared with bloude and therefore stopped hys going forth In making sacrifices manye fearefull tokens appeared wherfore he determined to haue sent Antony to dissolue the Senate Decimus being present perswaded him not to take that calumniation of the suspition but himselfe to goe and dissolue it and so he was carryed thither in a Litter That daye certaine playes were exhibited in Pompeys Theatre therefore the Senate shoulde be kept in the place nexte to it vsing also to sée the fights Brutus and Cassius early in the morning did sit as Pretors giuing audience to suitors very quietly in a courte nighe the theatre of
lands houses Sepulchres and Temples which we would not take from our greatest strange enimyes only setting a taâ—e of the tenth part vpon them but they haue made diuition to you of that which was your owne countreymens and them that sente you to serue Caesar in the Frenche wars and made many vowes for your victories and appointed you by companies to conuenient dwelling places with ensignes and discipline of Souldiours So as you can neyther enioye peace nor be sure of them that be thrust out for who so euer is put out and spoyled of hys owne he will remaine to spie a tune for to be euen with you This was the cause why the Tirannes would not let you haue any land which mighte haue bene giuen you by other meanes that hauing euer enimies that laye in wayte you shoulde be sure kepers of their power whiche by iniustice did contine we yours For the good will that Tirans haue of their garde is that they he as far in doing wrong and feare as themselues And this they O â–ª God dâ— cal a cohabitation wherby lament of countreymen mighte be made and insurrection of them that haue done no wrong then for this purpose haue made vs enimies to our own countreyâ—olkâ— for the 〈…〉 singular profitâ— we whoÌ„ now y chiefe officers of y countrey do say they saue vs for mercies sake do confirme presâ—tly herafter wil confirme y same to be bond to you for euer of the which we take god to witnesse that ye haue shal haue al you haue had that none shall take it froÌ„ you not Brutus not Cassius not they y for your liberties haue put al their selues in peril we y â— â—e only accused in this matter will saue our selues be to you to your allied friends a special coÌ„fort y that is most pleasant to you to heare At the first occasioÌ„ that shal be offered we wil giue you the price for the land y is takeÌ„ froÌ„ other of the coÌ„mon reuenew that you shall not onely haue your setting setled but also voyde of al eâ—combraunce Whiâ—es Brutus thus spake al the hearers coÌ„sidering with theÌ„ selues that he spake nothing but right did like them wel as men of courage and louers of the people had them in great admiration and were turned into their fauour and determined to doe them good the next day â–ª whiche being come the Consuls called the people to an assembly and repeated the opinions Then Cicero did speake very much in the prayse of forgetting of iniuries of the which they reioiced and called Brutus and Cassius from the Temple They desired pledges to whom Lepidus Antonies sonnes were sente When Brutus Cassius were séene there was such a noyse as the Consuls that would haue sayde somwhat could not be suffered but wer first required to shake hands and be at one which they dyd And the Consuls mindes were troubled with feare or enuye that these men and their friends should preuayle in that common cause Then was Casars testament with the writings for the dispositioÌ„ of his goods brought forth which the people commaunded to be red There was Octauius his nephew by his sisters daughter fouÌ„d to be his sonne by adoption His gardings were giuen the people for solace and to euerye Citizen of Rome that was present seauentie fiue draÌ„mes of Athens Now was the people streyght turned to anger being abused by the name of a Tyranne that in hys testament had shewed most loue to his country And one thing séemed most to be pitied that Decimus Brutus one of the killers was made his sonne among his second heyres for the Râ—maines maner was to their first heyres to adde the second y if the first take not the feâ—oÌ„d may With this they were much troubled thinking it a wicked and abhominable an that Decimus should conspire againste Caesar whome hée had made one of his children Piso brought forth Caesars body to the which infinit numbers in armes ran to kepe it with much noyse poÌ„pe brought it to the place of spéech There was much lameÌ„tation weeping ther was rushing of harnesse togither with repentaunce of the forgetting of reueÌ„geance Antony marking how they were affected did not let it slippe but toke vpon him to make Caesars â—nneral sermon as Consul of a Consul friend of a friend knifman of a kinsman for Antony was partly his kinsman and to vse craft againe And thus he said I do not thinke it méete O Citizens that the buriall praise of suche a man should rather be done by me than by the whole country For what you haue altogither for the loue of hys vertue giuen him by decrée aswell the Senate as the people I thinke your voice and not Antonies oughte to expresse it This he vttered with sad and heauy cheare and wyth a framed voice declared euerything chiefly vpon the decrée whereby he was made a God holy inuiolate father of the country benefactor and gouernor and suche a one as neuer in al things they entituled other man to y like At euery of these words Antonie directed his countenance hands to Caesars body and with vehemencie of words opened the fact At euery title he gaue an addition with briefe speach mixte with pitie and indignation And when the decrée named him father of the Country then he saide This is the testimony of our duety And at these wordes holy inuiolate and vntouched and the refuge of all other he said None other made refuge of hym But he this holy and vntouched is kylled not takyng honoure by violences whiche he neuer desired and then be we verye thrall that bestowe them on the vnworthy neuer suing for them But you doe purge your selues O Citizens of this vnkindnesse in y you nowe do vse suche honoure towarde hym being dead Then rehearsing the othe that all shoulde kéepe Caesar and Caesars body and if any one wente about to betraye hym that they were accursed that would not defende him at this he extolled hys voice and helde vp his handes to the Capitoll saying O Iupiter Countries defendour and you other Gods I am ready to reuenge as I sware and made execration and when it séemes good to my companions to allowe the decrées I desire them to aide me At these plaine spéeches spoken agaynst the Senate an vprâ—are being made Antony waxed colde and recanted hys wordes It séemeth O Citizens saide hée that the things done haue not bin the worke of men â–ª but of Gods and that we ought to haue more consideration of the present than of the past bycause the thyngs to come â–ª maye bring vs to greater danger than these we haue if we shall returne to oure olde and waste the reste of the noble men that be in the Cittie Therfore let vs send thys holy one to the number of the blessed and sing to him his due hymne and mourning verse When
all our truste in thée as in Caesars friende and nexte him most acquainted in the seruice of warre and nowe our Generall and for al respects most sit for it When our enimies did rise and boldly force Syria and Macedonia and prepared mony and men against vs and the Senate maintainyng Decimus and thou consuming the tyme in contention with Caesar Octauius not without cause we were afraide that in tyme to come thys dissention â—etwéene you woulde raise a greater warre than hathe beene and gyue occasion to our ennimies to do what they woulde againste vs all the whyche seeyng thy selfe doest vnderstande we beséeche thee that for Casars sake and for oure loue whiche hath doone nothing to offend thée and for the commodities that may rise both to thée and vs that whilest thou mayest thou wouldest agrée with Octauius whiche onlye is sufficient entending to be reuenged of the strykers The whiche thing cleare of all care shall stay thée in aucthoritie and place vs in securitie that now are in doubt both for thée and for oure selues The chiefetaynes hauyng sayde thus muche Antony thus aunswered What beneuolence and loue I haue euer borne to Caesar in all hys causes offeryng my selfe to moste perills of all other you that haue béene in Souldiour fare with me and present to euery thing that hathe bin done can well testifie How muche loue and good will he shewed to me euen till his last day I shall not néede to repeate For his quellers waying both thâ—se meâ—utâ— to haue kylled me with him as thoughe I being a â—â—â— they coulde not thinke their intentes to â–ª consiste in safetye And if anye manne dydde affraye them from that mynde it was not doone for desire and care of my life but for a respecte onelye that they woulde not séeme to persecute their ennimies but to dispatche a Tyran Who then can thinke that I doe forgette Caesar my benefactour or haue more estéemed his enimies than him or woulde willingly forgyue them his death that haue sought mine as this new Caesar thinketh How then commeth the obliuion of his deathe and their aduancemeÌ„t to prouinces for this he obiecteth against me and not the Senate Heare you then how it hathe come to passe Caesar being slayne in the Senate house euery man was afrayd and I most of all for Caesars friendship and ignorance of the facte for I neyther hearde of the comuration nor vnderstoode howe manye were of the conspirancie The people was in tumulte and the strikers with the swordplayers tooke the Capitoll and made themselues fast and the Senate was of their side whyche is nowe more euident bycause they decréed honors to them as to the killers of a Tyrant and if Caesar were a Tyrant then must we haue bin destroyed strayght as friends to a Tyrante So I béeyng troubled with tumult with feare and sorrow coulde not vse reason nor bée without perplexitie as you maye perceyue if you will consider for on the one side was néede of boldnesse vehemente and on the other dissimulation extreame Firste thys was to be done the residue easlie followyng to take away the honor to be gyuen to the strikers againste thâ— whiche I onely standyng resisted both the Senate and them and broughte to passe with greate payne vsing eindente courage onely offering my selfe to that perill supposing that wée Caesars friendes should be in suretie if heâ— were not condemned as a Tyrant The lyke feare troubled our enimies and the Senate that if he were not iudged a Tyrant they shoulde be accompted manquellers And for thys contention I thoughte it best to gyue place and to allow obliuion of hys death in stead of honor to be giuen to them that I mighte wynne of them as muche as by necessitie I coulde And this was the manner of my doings that neyther I dyd suffer Caesars name to be abolished nor his substance to bée confiscate nor his adoption in the whiche this man nowe most gloryeth to be dissolued nor his testament to be frustrated Hys bodye I caused to be buryed princely and honoures due vnto him before to be consecrated as immortall and all his actes and decrées to be kept firme and sure and hys sonne and our friends the Captaynes and the Souldioures to be in good safetie and to liue in honor in stead of rebuke Thinke you the obteyning of these thynges of the Senate for Obliuion were but small and trifles or doe you thynke wythout Obâ—uion the Senate would haue graunted them whyche for these causes I thynke is playnely to bee performed for a true dealyng wyth the strikers and for animmortall glory of Caesar and all oure weale and suretie The whyche I haue not done of that purpose but to turne the course to the contrarye For when I hadde brought the Senate to that that was profitable to vs and allowed the killers to remayne in quiet I did ouerthrowe the Obliuion not by decrée nor statute for that I coulde not but by an earnest iealousie of the people bringing Caesars bodye to be buryed in the common place and causing hys woundes to bée séene of the multitude shewyng his vesture bloudy and mangled and declaring his vertue and beneuolence to the people wéeping when I made the mourning Oration I called hym by the name of a kylled god These were my wordes and workes whereby the people was so prouoked as in stead of Obliuion they tooke fire and wente to the quellers houses and in the ende drone them out of the Citie Howe thys was contrarye to the Senate they béeyng gréeued wyth it it was euidently séene For they accused me first of ambition and appoynted prouinces to Brutus and Cassius Syria and Macedonia whyche were full of greate armyes And least they shoulde séeme to make hast before theyr tyme they gaue them pretence to prouide grayne for the Citie Wherefore a greater feare dyd yet trouble me for lacke of an appoynted armye as menne naked to syghte wyth so manye well armed my fellowe béeyng a man suspected and disagréeyng from me and one of the conspirators agaynste Caesar and appoynted to bée héere at the daye of hys deathe For these thyngs béeyng in great trouble and séekyng with spéede to disarme oure enimies and to arme oure selues I kylled Amatius I thoughte good to call home Pompey that by thys meane I mighte ioyne the Senate agayne Yet not much trustyng them I persuaded Dolobelia to aske Syria not of the Senate but of the people by a lawe to bée made and in hys sute I furthered hym of a friende to make hym an enimie to the strikers and that it shoulde séeme verye vnfytte for the Senate to denye me Macedonia séeyng they hadde graunted Syria to Dolobella for otherwise woulde they not haue graunted mée that prouince nor delyuered me that armye excepte they hadde firste graunted to Dolabella the same to goe agaynste the Parthians nor they woulde not haue taken from Brutus and Cassius Syria and Macedonia vnlesse they hadde appoynted some
the olde Souldioures that then serued were counted twice so good as the yong So hadde Antony an armye of foure legions of experte Souldioures beside suche as bée wonte to followe as venturers and the olde guarde of hys person wyth other nâ—we chosen Lepidus in Iberia hadde thrée legions Asinius Pollio twoo and Plancus in further Fraunce thrée all the whyche séemed to take Antonies parte Octauius Octauius Caesar had twoo choise legions that wente from Antony â–ª one of yoÌ„g souldiors and two of them that serued him first neyther full in number nor furnished in armoure yet supplyed of the newe commers He gathered these togither at Alba and sent them to the Senate They dydde so muche reioice in Octauius as a man myghte doubte that anye dydde before honoure Antony yet were they not content that the legions that went from hym shoulde goe to Octauius and not to them Neuerthelesse they praysed them and Caesar promising shortly after to determine by decrée what was to bee doonc when the newe Magistrates hadde theyr offices It was euident in the ende that they woulde bend against Antony and bycause they had no army and coulde gather none wythout the Consuls auctoritie they deferred all till the newe election Caesars army offred him Maces and Sergeants prepared and prayed him to take vpon hym the Lieutenantship and leading of their warre they being euer vsed to such auctoritie He thanked them for the honoure but referred the matter to the Senate them that wolde haue gone by heaps for this purpose he forbad and staied them that would haue sent Ambassadours that the Senate quoth hée maye take order for it of themselues vnderstanding of your offer and my refusall They hardly beeyng contented this waye and the Capitaines construing it as men had in some suspition he declared vnto them that the Senate dyd not rather encline to him for good will than for feare of Antony and want of army til we quoth he haue dispatched Antony The murtherers being friends and kinsemen to the Senate wil gather power for theÌ„ whych I perceyuing wil pretend to obey them And this is not to be disclosed for if we take power vppon vs they will call it violence and contumelic but if wée make daunger of it they will peraduenture giue it vs fearing otherwise wée shal haue it by you When hée hadde thus sayde hée sawe the twoo legious that came to him from Antony shewing the shape of battayle contending together in as vehement wise as thoughe they hadde béene fighting indéede kylling onely excepted and hée béeing delighted with this feate and glad to take the occasion didde gyue to euery man other fiue hundred drammes and if anye necessitye by the warre shoulde followe hée promised to them hauing the better hande fyue thousande drammes a man. Thus did Caesar with liberalitie of rewarde winne them that were hys hyred menne and these were the dooyngs in Italy In Fraunce Antony commaunded Decimus to go into Macedonia to obey the people and saue himselfe Decimus sente him the letters of the Senate verye well written signifying that as well oughte hée to obey the Senate as he the people Antony appoynted hym a daye when hée woulde vse hym as an enimie Decimus required hym to appoynt a longer daye to hymselfe that hée shoulde not too soone be made an enimye to the Senate Antony that was too good for hym in the fielde yet thoughte it better to goe vnto the Cities and they receyued hym Decimus béeyng afrayde that hée shoulde not when hée would enter anye of them fayned he hadde receyued letters from the Senate to returne to Rome wyth hys army and so as one goyng home into Italy he was receiued in euery place But when he came to Mutina a plentifull Citie he shutte the gates and commaunded the Citizens to bring all thynges foorthe that was necessarye for foode and caused al their beasts to be kylled and poudred for feare the siege woulde laste long and so he tarryed for Antonies comming Hys armye was a number of Sworde-players and thrée legions armed whereof one was of new Souldiours withoute experience the other two of former seruice and very faithfull to hym Antony with anger came againste Decimus and caste a trenche aboute the Cittie and so was Decimus besieged In Rome the Consuls according to the yeare being chosen dydde straighte assemble the Senate with sacrifices in the Temple agaynste Antony Cicero and his friends did require he might be iudged an enimie bycause he by force of armes didde take the Prouince of France contrarie to the Senats pleasure to trouble hys countrey and bycause he had brought that army into Italie that was appoynted hym againste the Thracians They alleadged also againste hym that after Caesar he sought to rule being armed in the Citie with so many band-leaders and vsing his house as a forte full of Souldiours and Ensigns and in all hys dooyngs more insolent than became a yearely officer Lucius Piso one that fauoured Antonies faction and a man verye notable among the Romaynes and other that fauoured Piso for Antonies cause required hée myghte bée called into iudgement bycause it was not the manner of theyr countrey to condemne anye manne before hée were hearde nor conuenient that hée that was yesterdaye a Consull should thys daye be an enimy especially hauing bene so ofte praysed bothe of Cicero and of other The Senate stoode doubtfull in the cause all the night The nexte day in the morning béeyng agayne assembled the Ciceronians wyth greate instaunce hadde decréede Antony an ennimye hadde not Saluius the Tribune dissolued the counsell till the nexte daye In these offices hée hathe moste power that maye prohibite The Ciceronians dydde spitefully laboure againste hym and ranne among the people to styrre them vppon hym and cited Saluius to aunswere He wythoute feare came foorthe till the Senate stayed hym fearing leaste he should incense the people to drawe them to the memorye of Antonie they were not ignoraunte that they condemned a noble manne wythout iudgement nor that the people had gyuen hym France but for feare of the strykers they were angry with hym bycause he first brake the lawe of Obliuion therefore they chose Octauius agaynst him before who not being ignoraunt therof was desirous to dispatch Antony The Senate being thus affected the voyces notwithstanding were deferred to the Tribunes Yet it was determined that Decimus shoulde be praysed for that he had not giueÌ„ place to Antonie in Celtica And that Caesar with the Consuls Hircius Pansa should ioyne with such armies as he now had that an Image of gold should be made to honour him that he might giue voyce among the Senatours and be allowed to be Consull ten yeares before the lawe and that the legions that went from Antony to him shoulde haue as muche giuen them of the Treasure as Caesar had appointed to them after the victorie all the
not accompted of Caesar for hys youth like to archieue any matter and remayned in Spayne He in companye wyth a fewe théeues roued on the Sea and was not knowen to be Pompeys sonne The number of the Roners increasing and hauing a good bande he confessed he was Pompeys chylde Wherefore all the remnant of hys fathers and brothers armye resorted to him as to a familiar Captayne Arabion béeyng dispeopled in Libya came vnto hym as wée haue sayde and hée hauyng thys multitude hys actes were estéemed greater than as of a Pyrate and Pompeys name sounded ouer all Spayne full of people so as the officers of Caesar durst not meddle wyth hym whyche when Caesar hearde he sente Carina wyth a greater armye to ouerthrowe Pompey But he béeyng armed for the lyghte attemptes suddaynely sette vppon hym and troubled hym and tooke Cities both small and greate for the whyche cause Caesar sente Abnius Pollio to succéede Carina and to warre with Pompey whyche at the time that Caesar was killed did trie their power after the which Pompey was reuoked of the Senate and then he went to Massilia to heare what was done who being chosen Admirall as his father he gathered all the Shippes he could get togither and kept the Seas but would not come to Rome And when the thrée mens power began he sayled into Sicelie and beseeged the Captayne Bythinicus that woulde not receyue him till Hirtius and Fannius condemned by proscription and fledde from Rome caused that place to be giuen to Pompey Thus Pompey was Lord of Sicelie hauing a Nauie and Iland nigh to Italy and a great army both of them he had before and also of them that fledde from Rome both bond and frée and such as the Cities of Italie sent him that were giuen in pray to the Souldioures for these did detest in theyr hearts the conquest of the thrée men and as much as they could secretly wrote against them And as many as might get out of the Countrey being nowe no more of their Countrey fledde to Pompey being at hande and most accepted to the Romaines of that time There came also to him Seamen from Libya and Iberia skylfull in the water in so muche as Pompey was full of Captaynes Shippes Souldioures and money Of the whyche when Caesar vnderstoode he sente Saluidienus with a Nauy thinking it to be an easie matter to put Pompey from the Sea and he passed through Italy to help Saluidienus from Reggio Pompey came againste Saluidienus with a greate nauie and making the fyghte hard at the shallowes of the I le aboute Scyleion Pompeys Shippes were lighter and excéeded in the promptnesse and experience of the skilfull Seamen The Romanes were heauyer and greater and the more vnfitte as the manner of the shallow Sea is to whirle aboute that the billowes breake on eyther side the water Pompeys were the lesse troubled for custome to the surgies but Saluidienus Shippes could neyther stand firme for lacke of that experience nor able to vse their â—ares nor hauing fitte sternes for to turne at will were sore troubled Wherfore towarde the Sunne sette Saluidienus first withdrew and Pompey also did the like The losse of shippes was equall The other that were brused and broken Saluidienus repayred lying at the port of that narow sea Balaron Caesar came and gaue greate fayth to the Reggians and Ipponeans that they should be exempt from them that were gyuen in victorie for he feared them most bycause they were so nigh that narow cut But when Antony sente for hym in haste he sayled to him to Brunduse hauyng on his lefte hand Sicelie entendyng then not to matche with Pompey Murcus when Caesar came that hée shoulde not be inclosed of Antony and him wente a little from Brunduse waytyng by the way the great shippes that carried the armie to Macedonia whiche were wayted of the Galleys the winde being great euen as they coulde wish They sayled away chéerefully without any néede of any Galleys whereat Murcus was grieued and wayted for their returne empty But they bothe then and after caried ouer the army with full sayle till all the army with Caesar and Antony were passed Murcus being thus hindred by fortune as he thought taried for other passages and preparations of new Souldiours from Italy to hinder as much as he coulde the prouisions and the army lefte and to him Domitius Oenobarbus one of Cassius Capitaynes came as to a seruice of great moment with fifty shippes one other legion and Archers that Caesars army not hable to be victualed otherwise sufficiently but from Italie it might as he thought be stopped from thence Thus they with one hundreth and twentie galleys and more shippes of burden with a great army did scoure those seas Ceditius and Norbanus whome Caesar and Antony sente with viij legions into Macedonia and from thence to Thracia went aboue the hilles a hundred and .xl. myles tyll they came beyonde Philip and tooke the streyghts of Torpido and Salapian the beginnyng of Rascopolinus lande and the onely knowen way betwene Europe and Asia and that was a let to Cassius army goyng from Castius to Abydus Rascopolis and Rascus were brethren of the bloud of the Thracian kings and being Princes of one region they differed in opinion Raseos fauoryng Antony and Rascopolis Cassius eyther of them hauyng thrée thousand horse Cassius Capitaynes askyng of the way â—â—sâ—â—polâ—â— sayde The shorte and playne way goeth from hence to Maronaea and leadeth to the streights of Salamina beyng possessed by the enimie is not to be passed There is another way thrice so muche aboute and harde to passe where the enimie can not goe for lacke of victuall from whence they might goe to Thracia and Macedonia When they hearde thys they wente by Aeno and Maronaea to Lysimachia and Cardia that receyue the strayght of Cherronesus as twoo gates and the nexte day they came to the gulfe of Mellana where they mustered their men They had ninetene legions of armed meÌ„ Brutus tenne and Cassius nine none full but with twoo thousande at the moste to bée filled so as they had about fourescore thousande The horsemen of Brutus were foure thousand Celtians and Lucitanians twoo thousande Parthenians Thessalians Thracians and Iâ—irians Cassius of Iberians and Celtians had twoo thousande of Arabians Medians and Parthians Archers on horsebacke foure thousande The Kings and Princes of the Galatians in Asia were their confederates and folowed them with a greate hoste of footemen and horsemen aboue fiue thousande This great armie of Brutus and Cassius was set in order at the gulfe of Melane with the whiche they procéeded to the warre appoyntyng other menne for other necessities They purged the army by Sacrifice accordyng to the manner and fulfilled promises made for money giuyng libecally to winne mennes hartes as they might well hauyng suche plenty of richesse bycause there were many that
Tribunes of Questors and of Gentlemen be brought and a rewarde appointed for the euill This is an insurrection most cruell that euer was against all sortes a sodaine slaughter of men and a straunge hate of women children fréemade men â–ª and seruaunts so farre and to suche a change is our citie turned The authors of all this mischiefe be the thrée men whiche afore other haue proscribed their brethren their vncles answearyng one an other our Citie menne say was taken of the wilde barbarous Yet the Celtes cut off no heads nor vsed villany with theÌ„ they toke nor prohibited any man to hyde himself or flée that warre neither did we euer vse any citie so which we haue takeÌ„ by force neither haue we persuaded other to do that now not a priuate citie but the chief of al doth suffer of them that affirme they do reforme and direct the common wealth What like thing did Tarquinius whom for the iniurie done to one woman that procéeding of loue being a king they banished and for this only act could neuer abide a kingdome And whiles these thrée O citizens do thus they terme vs seditious say they wil reueÌ„ge Caesar They do proscribe theÌ„ that were not present wheÌ„ he was killed of y which here be many whoÌ„ you sée being coÌ„deÌ„ned for their riches or houses or for fauoring the peoples gouernmeÌ„t By the which reason PoÌ„pey also was proscribed with vs beyng far of in Iberia when we did the déede bicause he is desceÌ„ded of a father that loued the peoples state for that he was called home of the Senate made admirall of the sea he is of these thrée men coÌ„deÌ„ned to death Did womeÌ„ conspire against Caesar whome they haue condeÌ„ned in a paymeÌ„t What did an 100000. of the people whoÌ„ they haue coÌ„demned to pay vpoÌ„ payne accusations proscribed theÌ„ onlesse they do it whereof they ought to be frée And they that with al they haue done caÌ„not yet performe theyr promise to their Souldiours we that haue done no wrong haue performed our promise to you reserue to do more when time should serue Thus God hath shewed his helpe to vs doing iustly and with God you haue now to consider men whoÌ„ you sée here your Citizens whoÌ„ you haue séene your Pretors your CoÌ„suls many times with prayse now you sée theÌ„ fleyng to you as to well doers louers of the people taking our part wishing wel to the rest that we shal take in hand More iust rewards be propounded of vs to the preseruers of theÌ„ than theirs that would destroy theÌ„ They care not for vs that killed C. Caesar that would haue ruled alone others that were with vs which remain in despite of his tiraÌ„nie take not the rule to theÌ„selues but leaue it to the people according to the country lawes This war is not takeÌ„ of like cause They make it for power tirannie whiche they haue shewed in their proclamatioÌ„ we make it for no such matter but only that our couÌ„trey being set frée we may liue priuatly vnder y lawes in order al good men the Goddes chiefly do iudge our cause The best hope to him y maketh warre is his iust cause Let it not trouble vs though we haue serued vnder Caesar for we serued not vnder him but vnder our couÌ„trie The gifts that were giuen were not Caesars but y couÌ„tries publique neither is this y armie of Bâ—â—tus or Cassiw but y Romanes we being your felow soldiours Romane captaynes Whiche if they that make warre against vs would vnderstaÌ„d euery maÌ„ might safely lay downe his armure reÌ„der all the armies to y citie make choyse of such as might be profitable to it which we only desire But seing they wil not chose this for y wicked tyraÌ„nie they haue shewed let vs O warre felows go to it with sure hope to serue as frée the Romane Senate people for their libertie Then euery maÌ„ cried let vs go let vs go we desire to marche out of hande Cassius being glad of this forwardnesse caused sileÌ„ce to be made againe thus sayd All the Gods y be Lords of warre requite O war felows your faith proÌ„ptnesse Now then vnderstand what prouistoÌ„ we that be your Captaines haue made as men y be fauoured of the Gods how farre we excéede our enimies in number goodnesse We haue armed legions equall with them we haue fortified our places with good garde as wel as they in horsmen nauies we do passe them in aliance of kings princes nations from Asia we surmount theÌ„ They come vpoÌ„ vs only on y face we go vpon them on the backe also For we haue Pompey in Sicelie Murcus in Ionia Norbanus also lieth with a great nauie two legions to stoppe their passage by sea all places behinde vs be voyde of enimies both by land sea As for mony whiche some call y strength of warre they want neither can performe their promise to their old soldiours nor exact so much of y condeÌ„ned men as they supposed bycause none of their frends is willing to buy y places which they haue put to sale otherwise they can get nothing for Italy is wasted with sedition tributes condeÌ„nations We with great care haue got present pleÌ„ty wherewith we may gratifie you agayne and muche more collected of the nations behynde vs to bée broughte vnto vs And victuall the greatest wante to mighty armies they haue none but onely from Macedonia a mountaine countrie and Thessalia a straight region whiche with great toyle they muste conuey by lande For if any thyng be brought them from Affrica Lucania or Iapigia Pompeius Murcus and Domitius shall shutte them vp We bothe haue and shall haue from the Sea the Ilandes and all places of the continent euery day without any difficultie betweene Thracia and the floudde Euphrates and that without daunger no enimy beyng at our backeâ— wherefore it is in our power to doe our feate wyth spéede or to doe at leysure to consume our enimies with hunger Thys haue you O felow Souldiours by mans prouision the reste shall answeare in order thorough you and the Gods. We haue gyuen you for former matter all that we promysed you requityng your fayth with multitude of gyfts the greater labour wée will worthily recompence accordyng to the determination of the Goddes And nowe to them that shall chéerefully goe to this feate for thys assembly exhortatioÌ„s sake we wil giue now euen from thys seate to a Souldiour a thousande fiue hundreth Drammes of Italie to a Capitayne of a bande fiue tymes so muche and to a Tribune accordyng to the proportion When hee had sayde thus and encamped his army with worke worde and gyftes hée dismissed the multitude They remayned praysing Brâ—tus and hym very muche and promysed to doe for them all that shoulde bée conuenient They gaue then the gyftes out
them forth at breake of day with many scales and engins of yron and other to fill the ditches and climbe the trenches and wyth all kind of weapons to throw Thus they issued with great violence and filled the ditches withoute stoppe and casting their engins to the wall some did beate downe the trenche some set vp their scales and some assaulted the toures and without all respect of death fought it out notwithstanding the great resistaunce that was made with the shotte on the contrary parte This fight was in diuers places so as the defeuce was the weaker The fight was fierce vpon the bridge which they passed and also scaled the rampire and were like to haue done some desperate feate except the most valiaÌ„t of Caesars host had with like courage come to the resistaÌ„ce euer being relieued with fresh men the other at length being tyred were thrown from the trench and their engins broke and yet they stucke to it without shrinking though strength and voice fayled them Yet not being able to resist and ashamed to giue place they abode it til Lucius did blow the retreat at the which when Caesars souldiours did make great token of gladnesse Lucius men stroken with shame tooke their scales again and approched the wal but not able to do any good Lucius againe did cal them backe y they shoulde not caste away their liues in vaine Then with heauye harts and against their wils they retired This was the end of this sharpe assaulte Caesar then appointed souldioures to warde at the frenche and at a token to leape vppe to the wall whyche they dyddeÌ„ thoughe they hadde none dâ—casion exercising themselues and discouraging their foes Lucius Souldioures remained sadde and the wards were negligentlye kepte so as diuers fledde into the Campe not onely of the common sorte but also some Capitaynes Lucius was inclined to peace pitying the multitude that perished one thing hindred it that Caesars enâ—â—ies were afraid of themselues but wheÌ„ it was heard that he vsed the fugitiues geÌ„tly and that he was desirous of no mans death theÌ„ Luius thought it expedient without anye further respect to seeke peace And least the people woulde deliuer hym for all he thoughte he would proue their mindes and thus saide My desire and intent was O souldiour fellowes to haue reduced the common wealth to that state y our ancestors left it bycause I sawe the office of the thres men tourned into Tirannye and not amended after the death of Brutus and Cassius by whome they made their pretence of warre For Lepidus being remoued from their Collegeship Antony occupyed in far parts this man alone dothe here what he listeth the lawes bée onely pretences and shades I seeking remedye for these incommodities and minding to haue restored the commoÌ„ wealth I required that the souldiors hauing their due rewardes the power of one might haue bin abolished which bicause I coulde not do I wente aboute to doe it by force and power Then thys man accused me to the army as one that pitied the antieÌ„t inhabitance of the which accusation being ignorant not beléeuing it when I hearde of it bycause I was sure you receyued landes by my diuision yet many beléeued that false accusation and ioyned with him to make warre against vs which one day they shal find to be done against themselues For I am witnesse that you following the better part haue labored for theÌ„ aboue your strength Yet we be ouercome not of the eunimye but of hunger and as it were forsaken of our Captains It should haue become me to haue abiden the vttermost for my country therby in the ende haue had the prayse of my good wil but I can not for you whose safetie I preferre before my glory Therfore I wyll send Ambassadors to the victour and I will require him to punish me only and let you go that he would giue you y forgiuenesse which I do not aske for my selfe You being Citizens as he is sometime his souldiours not nowe offending but hauing a iuste cause of war be ouercome not with fight but with famine When be had thus said he sent by by thrée of the offiters that were chiefe The rest of the multitude lamented eyther their own case or the Generalls which meant wel as they did and seemed to be a friende of the common wealth and fayne to giue place to extreame necessitye The Ambassadoures that were sent to Caesar remembred to him their common country their common souldiourfare passed the friendships of the noble men of both sids the custome of their ancestors abhorring from suche deadly Oissentions and other things to thys purpose Caesar knowing that his enimies hoste consisted in olde and young souldiors vsed arte and saide he pardoned all Antonies souldiors the other he required to submitte to his discretion Thus he spake opeÌ„ly but secretly to Furnio he signified he would pardon al except his priuate enimies which priuate talk with Furniâ—s they had in suspition and saide that war was not made for displeasure but for common cause and required Lucius either to haue general peace or martial war. Lucius hauing pitie of those noble men that were equall in dignitie with the other praised them and saide he woulde sende other Ambassadors to him and bycause he thought none so fit as hymselfe he woulde go alone without an Heraulte When it was tolde Caesar that Lucius was comming to hym he went straight to méete him and they bothe came in sight accompanied with their friends in the habite of a General Then Lucius sending aside all hys friends wente on with two Sergeants signifying what he meant and Caesar following that beneuolence shewed the lyke token of modestie And when he saw Lucius come within his trenche that so he might shew himselfe to be in his power he firste wente oute of the Trenche that Lucius might be frée to saue hymselfe Thys they dyd outwardly by tokens of courtesy and when they were come to the ditche and had saluted eche other Lucius thus begaÌ„ If I had made this warre with straungers I would haue bin ashamed O Caesar to haue bin ouercome and more ashamed to yéelde myselfe from the whiche ignominie I woulde easilye haue deliuered my life But bicause I haue dealt with a Citizen of lyke authoritie and that for my country I thinke it no shame for such a cause to be ouercome of such a manne which I speake not that I refuse to suffer any thyng that thou writ put vpon mee beyng come to this campe wythout an Herauld but to aske pardon for other iuste and commedious for thyne estate Whych that thou mayste vnderstande the more playnly I wyll separate theyr cause from mine that after thou shalt vnderstand that I am the onelye cause thou mayste exercise thine anger vppon me Thinke not that I will inuey againste thee licentiously which now were oute of tyme
but wyll onelye tell the truth which I cannot dissemble I tooke thys warre agaynste thée not that I woulde bée a Prince if I hadde dispatched thée but that I myghte haue broughte the Common wealth to the rule of the Senate whyche is nowe taken awaye by the power of thrée as thou thy selfe canste not denye For when you begunne it confessyng it vnlawfull you sayde it was necessarye for a tyme Cassius and Brutus beyng alyue who coulde not be reconciled vnto you They being taken awaye the reste if any rest there be being afraide of you and takyng armes not agaynste the Common wealth and youre tyme beeyng ended I requyred that the oppressed Senate myghte be restored not regardyng my brother before my Countrey For I hoped to haue perswaded him at his retourne and I made haste to doe it in the tyme of myne offyce If thou wouldest haue doone so thou shouldest haue hadde the glorye alone but bycause I could not perswade thée I wente to the Cittye and thought to gette it by strength and force being a Senatoure and a Consull These were the onelye causes of this warre not my brother not Manius not Fuluia nor the landes diuided to the Souldyoures that wanne the fielde at Philippi not the pitie of the olde possessioners cast out of the landes for by myne authoritie some were appoynted to landes for my brothers Legions the olde owners spoyled But thys calumniation thou dyddest deuise that thou myghtest putte the faulte of the warre from thy selfe to me and the newe inhabiters And by thys arte wynnyng the heartes of the olde Souldyoures thou hast wanne also the victory for it was persuaded them that I woulde putte them out by violence These deuices were to be vsed when thou madest warre agaynste me Nowe béeyng Conqueroure if thou bée an ennimie of thy Countrey make mée an enimie also that coulde not remedie it béeyng lette by famyne And thys I speake fréelie gyuing my selfe as I sayde into thy handes shewyng what I thought of thée before and nowe also béeyng with thée alone Thus much of my selfe Now as concernyng my friendes and the whole army if thou wilte beléeue me I wyll gyue thée most profitable councell Doe not vse them hardly for my cause and matter and séeyng thou arte a man and subiect to vnstable fortune make not thy friendes the flower to venture for thée if they shall sée examples gyuen of thée nothyng to be hoped but to the Conqueroures And if thou reiect all my councell as of thyne enimie I maye not bée ashamed to craue pardon of thée that thou wouldest not exacte punishmente of my friendes for my faulte or missefortune but rather turne all vppon mée whyche am the cause of all these troubles for I haue lefte them behynde me of purpose least if I shoulde speake these things in theyr hearyng I shoulde séeme to séeke myne owne cause To thys Caesar aunswered When I sawe thée come to mée withoute an Heraulde I came apace out of my campe that thou myghtest fréelie doe that myghte bée for thy good And séeyng thee acknowledgyng thy faulte thou commyttest thy selfe to my power I néede not confute the thyngs whyche thou hast obiected againste me firmely but falsely hurting mée now as thou 〈◊〉 before For if thou haddest come to make confederation thou shouldest haue come to an angrye Conqueroure not without a cause But now séeing without any condition thou giuest thy selfe thy friends and army to vs al anger is taken awaye al necessitie of truce is cutte off For nowe I muste consider not so much what you haue deserued as what is seemly for mee to doe whyche I hadde rather doe eyther for Gods cause for my cause or for thy sake O Lucie neither will I deceiue the expectation that thou haste broughte with thée Thus much do I find in the dayly notes of the Chronicles of that time in this matter Caesar maruelled at the noble stout courage of Lucius ioyned with prudence and Lucius maruelled at the clemencie and quicke briefenesse of Caesar the other gathered comecture of their talke by the countenaunce of them bothe Then Lucius sent to the chiefe Captaynes that they shoulde receiue the watche worde of Caesar They brought a booke of the number for so was the manner as it is now that when the captaine asketh the watche word he offereth to the Prince a booke of hys number euery day Receyuing the watch worde they did not leaue the wented watches for so Caesar commaunded that they should kéepe watche seuerally The nexte day Caesar sacrificed and Lucius sent the hoste to Caesar carying their harnesse but going in their common apparel and a farre off they saluted Caesar as Generall and stayde legion by legion as Caesar hadde appointed for he deuided the olde legions from the young When he hadde sacrificed he sate in the Generals seate and commanded euery one to lay down their armour which beeing done hée commaunded the old souldiors to drawe nighe that he mighte reproue their vnkindnesse and make them afraide yet his meaning was knowne well ynough Then whither it was of purpose or of affection Caesars souldioures came â—ute of theyr places and embraced Lucius souldiors and wept and sued to Caesar for them and they woulde not leaue but stil cryed vppon Caesar so as there was muche mourning But Caesar chaunging hys minde and appeasing the multitude said thus You my fellowe Souldyers haue alwayes so well serued me as I can not deny you anything The yong Souldyers whiche I thinke haue serued iustly vnder Lucius standerd I remitte but those that haue héeretofore bin ioyned wyth you in warre and now be saued by your meane I woulde aske what miurie I haue done them or what grace denyed them that they shoulde serue another and beare armoure against me and you and theÌ„selues for I suffered all the paynes for diuision of the landes of the which these were partakers whose lâ—udenesse nowe if you will sufferme I will punish But they denying that and coÌ„tinually calling for pardon I graunt quoth he that you demaunde let them goe frée so as heereafter they agree with you whyche beyng promised on both partes thanks were cryed to Caesar who was contente that some shoulde be lodged in houses The common sorte he wylled to lye in theyr Campe where they fyrste were placed tyll he sente them to wintering Then sitting in the hygh seate he called Lucius and the chiefe out of Perugia among whome were many Senatoures and Gentlemen all in heaâ—ie shape who béeyng out of the Towne a garrison entred When they were come Caesar tooke Lucius to hym the other were committed to hys friendes and officers béeyng warned to keepe them in honest and secrete custody The Perugians crying for pardon ouer the wall he commaunded to come without the Senate only whyche béeyng done he pardoned them The Senatoures were putte in prison and after kylled except Lucius Aaemilius who being
from the holy money wintered in Cappadocia Mithridates sent to Rome to the Senate to Sylla to coÌ„playne of Murenas doings who in y time passed the floud Aly that was great and theÌ„ very déepe bicause of y raine and spoiled 400. of Mithridates townes the king not yet méeting with him but loking for his Embassadors from Rome Hauing got a great bootie he went into Phrigia Cappadocia whither Calidius came to him from Rome touching Mithridates complayntes but brought him no decrée onely sayde vnto him in the midst of the hearers that y Senate coÌ„manded him to spare the king their confederate When he hadde said thus he was séene to speake to him alone And Murenas ceassed not of his inuasion but still molested y land of the king who euidently perceyuing that he was vsed as an enimie of the Romanes he bad Gordius to take the nigh townes He gathered many beastes of cariage munition priuate men and souldyours and camped at the floud ouer agaynst Murena Neither of them began y fight til Mithridates came with a great army then was there a mighty fight at the floud Mithridates by violence passed the floud being otherwise too good for Murena who fled the kings force into a strong hill and hauyng lost many departed by the mountaynes withoute anye way into Phrigia being followed oppressed This victory being euident quickly gotten was soone spred abroade and turned many to Mithridates He putting out Murenas garrisons of euery place with great spéede did make his sacrifice to Iupiter y warriour after y maner of his couÌ„trey in y top of an hil wher they make a great pile of wood to y which the kings bring the first stick Then they make another lesse in a circle Vpon the higher they put hony milke wine oyle all kind of perfumes they giue bread and meate of the best to them that be present And they make y pile after y fashioÌ„ of the Persian kings sacrifice in Rarsardis the which for the greatnes is euidently sene to many a thousand furlongs off and y one caÌ„ not come nigh the place many days after y aire is so hote This sacrifice did he make after the custome of hys countrey Sylla not coÌ„tent that Mithridates being in league should haue war made vpoÌ„ him sent Aulus Gabinius to coÌ„mand Murena not to molest Mithridates and that he should agrée Mithridates Ariobarzanes Mithridates at y méeting making sure a sonne of Ariobarzanes of .iiij. yeares of age and by y meane holding still that he had in Cappadocia getting more feasted all put gold in y cup and y meate for the iesters singers al other as his vse was of y which only Gabinius touched none Thus y second war of Mithridates did end at y thirde yeare Being now at quiet he subdued Bosphorus apointed theÌ„ his son Macharis for their king He inuaded the Acheans that be aboue Colchos which seme to be of them that fledde from Troy and lost theyr way and losing twoo partes of hys armie with fighte and colde and deceiptes he returned and sente to Rome to haue the league ratified Ariobarzanes sente also eyther of hymselfe or stirred of others that hée had not receyued Cappadocia but that Mithridates kepte yet the better parte from hym Sylla commaunded Mithridates to gyue place in Cappadocia and hée did so and sente other Embassadours for to haue the conditions of peace registred but Sylla being dead and the Senate not to be assembled bycause of the vacation he sent to Tigranes his sonne in law to inuade Cappadocia as of himself This cautele was not vnknowen to the Romanes The Armenian compassing Cappadies as with a neste ledde away thrée hundreth thousande men into Armenia and made them dwell with other at a place where he first toke the Crowne of Armenia and of hys name called it Tigranocertos whiche is the Citie of Tigranes And these were the doyngs in Asia Sertorius a Captayne in Spayne dyd stirre it and all the places about it against the Romanes and made a Senate of them that were with him for to counterfeyte the Romanes Two of his faction Lucius Manius and L. Fanius persuaded Mithridates to ioyne with Sertorius putting him in hope of a greate parte of Asia and the nations about him He being persuaded sent to Sertorius He ledde the Embassadoures into his Senate and made a glorious tale that his renoume spredde as farre as Pâ—ntus and that he beséeged the Romanes from the West to the East He couenanted to giue Mithridates Asia and Bithinia Paphlagonit and Cappadocia and Gallogrecia sent him a Captayne Marcius Varius and Lucius Manius and L. Fanius that were of that counsel With these dyd Mithridates begin the thrid and last war with the Romanes in the which he lost al his kingdome Sertorius being dead in Spayne and Generals sent from Rome first Lucullus that was admiral of Syllas Nauie then Pompey vnder whome all that Mithridates had and all that was nigh it to the floud Euphrates by the pretence violence of the war against Mithridates did fall to the Romanes Mithridates hauing proued so oft what the Romanes were and thinking that this war made without cause and of the sodaine would not be appeased made al the preparation that hee coulde as now to try the whole and the rest of the somer al y winter he made shippes and armoure he brought to the sea ij C. M. Medimnes of grayne and got confederates beside hys former power the Chalibyans the Armenians the Scythians the Taurians Achuians Heniochans Leucosyrians and all that inhabite about the floud Thermodon that was called the land of the Amazones These had he gotte in Asia to them he had before and going into Europe the Sarmatians Basileans Iazugeans and Coralleans and al the nations of the Thracians that inhabite aboute Hister Rodope and Aemos and the Basternans a most valiaunt people These hadde Mithridates in Europa he hadde gathered an hundreth and fortie thousande footemen and sixtéene thousande horsemen another great number of venturers piouers victualers When the Spring was come he viewed his nauy and sacrificed to Iupiter warriour the vsuall sacrifice and to Neptunus he did cast into the sea a Chariot of white horses and wente to Paphlagonia Taxilus and Eumocrates being his Generalls When he was come he made a solempne oration to the armye setting forth his progenitors and himselfe verye highly that he had enlarged his kingdome from little to great and was neuer ouercome of the Romanes being presente whome he accused for their ambition and vnsatiablenesse by the whiche said he they haue made Italy and their Countrey seruile He repeated the last conditions whiche they woulde not subscribe Séekyng tyme to inuade him againe and making this the cause of the warre hee extolled his power and prouisioÌ„ and shewed the Romanes troubles
Concubines that were taken The rest of the armie Tigranes sente agaynste Lucullus Then Mithridates commyng fyrste into hys sight counselled hym not to fyghte with the Romaynes but to range with hys horsemen and waste the countrey to driue them to famine if he coulde by the which mean hée was vsed of Lucullus at Cyzico and loste hys féeble armye Tigranes laughed at this counsell and came forth in order of battaile and séeyng the little number of the Romanes sayde If these bée Ambassadors they be too many but if they be ennimies they bée too fewe When Lucullus hadde perceiued a fytte hill beyond Tigranes he commaunded hys horsemen to giue a charge on the front and then to tourne and giue place of purpose to bring the army oute of order He in the meane tyme ledde his footmen to the hill not perceyued And when he sawe the ennimye disordered and runnyng by partes as thoughe they hadde the victorie and all their carriage vnder the hill he cried We haue gotte the victorye my fellowes And firste hée sette vppon the carriage They fléeyng with confusion ranne vppon the footemen and the footemenne vppon the horsemenne so as there was a fowle fléeyng oute of hande And they that were gone farre to pursue the Romaynes were killed of them tournyng vppon them and the other disordered with the carriage that they came as driuen among theÌ„ al being afflicted none knowing the truth how the ouerthrow began there was excéeding slaughter without anye spoile for Lucullus had forbiddeÌ„ that with threats Therfore treading vpon bracelets and chaines they continued y murder an hundred twenty furloÌ„gs til night came vpon theÌ„ then in their returne they spoyled for Lucullus was contente After this victorie Manceus that was lefte at Tigranocerta vnarmed al the Gréeke mercenarie souldiours as suspected They fearing to be taken got them staues and went togither and wer quiet But when Manceus came vpon them with the Barbarians armed they wrapped their cloakes aboute theyr armes in stead of tergales and with courage fought against them and euer as they killed any they kepte their armoure and diuided it betwéen them And when they thought they had got sufficient they tooke some of the little Tents and called the Romanes and receyued them in Thus was Tigranocerta taken and spoyled being verye riche and new builded and inhabited moste honorably Tigranes and Mithridates went about gathering another army of the whyche he made Mithridates Generall the other thynkyng it fytte beeyng taught with his owne losses Hee sente also to the Parthians requiring aide of them And when Lucullus sent his Ambassadors also requiring the Kyng eyther to help him or not to medle with either he secretly promised both but performed with none Mithridates gathered armour in euerye Cittie and had in a manner all the Armenians in Campe of the whyche hée chose thréescore tenne thousande footemen and halfe of the horsemen and lette the other go These being diuided into bands and companies after the Italian discipline he tooke them to be trayned of his men of Pontus Lucullus comming towarde them Mithridates helde all his footemen and halfe his horsemen vpon an hill The reste of the horsemen Tigranes ledde and méeting wyth the Romaine foragers was ouercome after the whiche the Romanes foraged more safely euen in the places next Mithridates and encamped there By raysyng of muche duste it was perceyued that Tigranes came whose purpose was to haue shutte Lucullus in the middst of them both Which when he perceyued he sent his best horsemen to encounter with Tigranes as farre off as they coulde and to compell him to leaue his raungyng and kéepe his campe He prouoked Mithridates to fight and encamped about him but he could not moue him tyl famme oppressed him and disolued al their purpose Tigranes went into the furthest parte of Armenia Mithridates into Ponius with the rest of hys owne army hauyng foure thousand and as many of Tigranes Lucullus folowed him being driuen also for want Mithridates outgoing him he mette with Fabio that was lefte there of Lucullus and ouerthrew hym killing fiue hundred Fabio taking fresh seruauntes that were in the campe foughte againe the whole day and the fighte was doubtfull till Mithridates was hurt on the knée with a stone and vnder the eye with a darte and was caried away with spéed and many dayes the one refrayned from fight for feare of the kings health the other for the multitude of them that were hurte The Agarians a nation of Scythia did cure Mithridates vsing the poyson of Serpents for their medicines and for that cause be euer about the king To Fabius came Triarius another Captaine of Lucullus with his owne army and receyued the power and authoritie of Fabio and not long after Mithridates and he comming to the fight there was such a winde as neuer was felt It tore the tentes of them both it beate the beastes abroade and stroke downe some men and thus both went backe When it was told that Lucullus was comming Triarius desirous to fight before he came he set vpon the former watch by night and the fight being equall the king with his wing got the better and dispersed the enimies driuing the footemen into a foule mire where they wer killed bycause they could not stirre The horsemen he sent to be chased in the playne vsing valiauntlye the brunt of the victorie til a Captaine of a Romane band running by him as his seruant gaue him a great wounde on the thyghe bycause he thought hée could not strike through his harnesse on the backe They that were next streight killed him Mithridates was carried out to y hinder part The kings frends caused their retreat to be bloweÌ„ the soldiours hauing a manifest victorie and folowing it egrely and bycause it was straunge to be called from it they wer much troubled and in feare leaste some other inconuenience badde â—ene Timotheus that was the Kings Phisition stopped the wound shewed the king vnto theÌ„ from aboue that were come into the field stoode thronging aboute his bodye euen as Alexander in India when the Macedonians were afrayde for him shewed him selfe to be cured in a Shyppe When Mithridates came to hymself he blamed them that caused the fight to ende that daye led his army against the Romaynes campe They were fled from it fearfully WheÌ„ y dead were spoiled theÌ„ were found .xxiiij. Tribunes Cl. Centurians such a number of Captains as seldome hath bin found slaine in a Romaine army Mithridates went in to Armenia which the Romaynes call Armenia the lesse taking with him the victuall that coulde be carried and that that could not he burned that Lucullus whome he thoughte did follow hym shold haue none of it A Romane Senator named Attilius fled from his countrey bicause he was condemned and in great credite fauor with Mithridates was then taken as
army to help Tigranes and so Antiochus sonne of Antiochus the Good was broughte into Syria whome the Syrians obeyed with good will. And Lucullus that firste made warre against Tigranes and put him from the lands he had wonne did not enuie the auntient kingdomes But Pompâ—yus that followed Lucullus and ouercame Mithridates and compelled Tigranes to rule in Armenia did cast out Antiochus from the kingdome of Syria hauing not offended the Romanes in déede bycause it was an easie thing with such an armye to spoyle a king that had no army but in pretence bycause the Seleucidians were expelled of Tigranes it was not reason they should rule Syria any longer Tigranes being ouercome of the Romanes And thus the Romanes got Cilicia and Syria the midde region and Caelosyria and Phoenitia and Paphlagâ—nia and all other partes of Syria from Euphrates to Aegipt and to the Sea coast without any fighte The nation of the Iewes only remaining Pompey conquered and sent their Kyng Aristobulus to Rome and beate downe their greatest and holyest Citie Hierusalem which Ptâ—lemeus the firste King of Aegipt did ouerthrowe also and Vespasianus agayne destroyed it after it was reedifyed and in my time Adrianus and therefore the Iewes haue a greater tribute set vpon euery body than their substance is worth The Syrians and the Cilicians also payed euery man the hundred part And Pompey put seueral kings and Princes in the realmes that obeyed the bloud of Seleacus as he did to the Galathians in Asia To these Princes he confirmed the iurisdiction of a fourth part that serued him against Mithridates And not long after they fell to the Romanes in Caesars time and chiefly to Augustus as the case stoode Pompey appointed Scaurus to rule Syria who had bin a Treasourer in his camp And after Scaurus the Senate sent Philippus Marcus and after Philippe Marcelinus Lentulus being of the degrée of Pretors Bothe these spent theyr tyme in sâ—bduing the Arabians that were tumultuous And for this cause Lieutenants were sent afterward into Syria of them that ruled in the city that they might haue power both in peace war as the Consulls had The first of these was Gabinius that came with an army to make war. And Mithridates king of Parthia being driuen out of his kingdome by Herodes his brother came to Parthia againe by the Arabians And Ptolomie the eleauenth King of Egipt being also put out of his kingdome obtayned by much money that he would inuade Alexandria in steade of Parthia and so Gabinius making war vpon them of Alexandria restored Ptolomie into his kingdom wherefore he was banished of the Romane Senate for that he made war without commission that was thought vnlucky to the Romanes For it was forbidden by Sibylla After Gabinius I thinke that Crassus ruled Syria making war vpon the Parthians receyued a great losse And Lucius Bibulus gouerning Syria after Crassus the. Parthians inuaded it And Saxâ— ruling after Bebulus they ranged as farre as Ionia the Romaines being molested with ciuil warres one against another But this shall be declared perfectly in y booke of y Parthians war. In this booke being of Syria shal be shewed how the Romanes got Syria and helde it as they do nowe It shall not bée amisse to shew how the Macedonians got Syria and raigned there before the Romanes For Alexander the King had Syria beyonde Persia and was king of al y he won When Alexander was dead leauing children one very yong another in his mothers womb the Macedonians for the loue of Philips house chose Arideus to be their king that was Alexanders brother although he was thoughte not to be wel in his minde calling hym Philip in steade of Arideus Alexanders children being yet with tutors the mother with child diligently kept The friends diuided the nations Perdiccas was y diuider vnder king Philip. And the kings being dead not long after the great men were made Kings The first Prince of Syria was Laomedon of Mitilene set in by Perdiccas and after by Antipater that were kings Ptolomeus sailed to Laomedon that was ruler of Siria and perswaded him by muche money to lette him haue Syria being an entrie to Egipt and a defence to Ciprus the whiche he denying he tooke hym And he deceyuing his kéepers fledde to Alcetas into Caria And a certaine time Ptolomie had Syria and when he had left garrisons in the Cittie hée sayled into Egipt Antigonus was prince of Phrygia Lycia Pamphilia being left ouerséer of all Asia of Antipater when he sailed into Europe to make warre vppon Eumenes that was Prince of Cappadocia being iudged to be an enimy of the Macedonians he fled and got Media for himselfe But Antigonus followed and killed hym and procéeding was royally receyued of Seleucus prince of Babilon But when Seleucus had punished one of the Captains not made Antigonus of counsell being present he was angrye and called him to accompte both of money and substaunce Hée béeyng too weake for Antigonus fledde to Ptolomie into Egipt Antigonus straight after the fléeyng of Seleucus remoued Blitora from his office that ruled in Mesopotamia bicause he furthered Seleucus in his departure and tooke to himselfe Babilon Mesopotamia and other nations of the Medeans to Hellespont Antipater being deade he was by and by suspected to al the other prouinces hauing so much land Therfore by the persuasion chieflye of Seleucus Ptolomie and Lysimacus Prince of Thracia and Cassander son to Antipater and ruler of Macedonia after his father they confederated togither and sent a common Ambassage requiring hym to diuide the lande and money that hée had gotte among them and the other Macedonians that had loste their prouinces Antigonus laughing at the matter they made a common war againste him He prepared agaynste them and threwe onte al the garrisons that Ptolomie had in Syria and seyzed to himselfe Phoenitia and Caelâ—syria that yet obeyed Ptolomie Then he wente to the straights of Cilicia and lefte his sonne Demetrius twoo and twenty yeares of age in Gaze with an armye to resist Ptolomies inuasions from Aâ—gipt But Ptolomie ouercame him at Gaza in a great fighte and the yong manne fled to hys father Ptolomie sente Seleucus by and by to Babylon to recouer his rule and gaue him a thousande footemen and thrée hundred horsmen And with these fewe Seleucus wente to Babilon where he was gladly receyued of the inhabitantes and in shorte time hadde a mighty dominion Antigonus was reuenged of Ptolomie and ouercame him in a greate fighte by sea at Cyprus in the whiche Demetrius his sonne was Admirall by the whiche being muche renoumed the armye called them both Kyngs Antigonus and Demetrius the Kyngs being deade Arrideus Philips sonne and Olimpiades and Alexanders children And Ptolomeus armye called him King that he shoulde séeme not to be inferiour to them that had the victerye and thus a like effect folowed of
themselues They â—idde no greate thing worthye of writing rather like robbers than warriors These things followed after the ouerthrow of Crassus by y which they tooke so gret boldnesse whiche was repressed by Antony Howe Crassus made his voiage against them we thinke it méete to shewe When the day of election of chiefe officers was come there were thrée Competitors of the Consulâ—hippe Caius Caesar Pompey the Great and Crassus called Marcus. These reiecting Cicero Caâ—â— and other resisters by force gote the office and gaue Caesar flue yeares more to be Lieutenaunt of Fraunce Câ—ssius Pompey casting lottes for the prouinces of Spaine and Syria Spaine fell to Pompey and Syria to Crâ—ssus The lot fell acceptable vnto bothe For the people woulde haue Pompey from the Cittie and Pompey louing his wife was desirous to farrye moste there Crassus shewed openly that he was glad that the lot had so fallen thinking no greater felicitie could hap vnto him than this prouince insomuchas he could not bée quiet but made great auauntes and brags among his friendes otherwise in al his life being a verye smal boaster or setter forth of hymselfe But now beyng puffed and exalted he had not onely an hope to get Parthia to Syria and vp make it the boundes of his Dominion making but a play of that Lucullus dydde agaynste Tigranes or Pompey agaynste Mithridates but also to winne Bactria and Indus and all beyonde the Sea. Yet in the decrée of warre the Parthians were not contained Euery man did feare that Crassus would meddle with it And Caesar wrote letters praysing hys purpose and prouoking hym to the warre But when Atteius the Tribune didde stop his voyage wyth threats and manye consented to him being grieued that anye man shoulde make warre vpon men that had offended nothing but also were in league Crassus was afraide and prayed Pompey to helpe to set him forwarde For great was the peoples opinion of him Notwythstanding when he sawe manye readye to resist and exclame then with a gentle looke countenance he appeased theÌ„ y they were quiet and suffred them to passe Yet Atteius stopped them first with voice forbidding and protesting not to go Then he commanded the officer to lay hands vpon his body and deteine him which when the other Tribunes would not suffer he lette goe Crassus Atteius ran to the gate and set there a burning harth and as Crassus came with insense and sacrifice he pronounced sharpe execrations horrible calling and naming cruell and strange Gods therwith The Romanes thinke that these curses secret auntient haue such a power as no man can auoide them against whom they be made and that they do naughte that vse them Therfore they be not vsed vnaduisedly nor in manye cases And many blamed Atteius that by this cursing of Crassâ—s he brought the Cittie into misfortune Crassus for all this wente to Brâ—â—dâ—â—se the Sea being yet vnnauigable for the winter â–ª and woulde not tarry the tyme but tooke the Sea and loste many Shyppes And receyuing an other power of footemen he ledde them alongest Galatia and finding King 〈…〉 a very olde manne building of a Cittie he iested saying O King you beginne to builde at twelue of the clocke The King laughing saide And you O Gen 〈…〉 as I can see goe not againste the Parthians very early â–ª For Crassus was thréescore years of age when he went and older to sée to than he was indéede Marching forth matters at the firste tell â—â—te according to his hope For easilye hée made a bridge ouer Euphrates and conueyed ouer his armye safely and got many Citties in Mesopotamia by yéelding vnto hym In one of them Appollonius was Tyranne who had slaine one hundred souldiors He brought his power thither and wanne it tooke the money and solde the men The Gréekes call the Cittie Zenodotium By taking of this he woulde néedes be called Imperator of his souldioures which caused muche discredite vnto him and was the lesse estéemed as one that distrusted of any greate victorie taking occasion of so little matter He sette garrisons in the Citties that were taken the number whereof was seauen thousande footemenne and one thousande horse And hée went into Syria to winter where hys son came to him from Caesar oute of Fraunce rewarded wyth the greate honoures of a souldioure bringing one thousande picked horsemen And this was the firste great error of Crassus after the greate offence of leading his armye that where he oughte to haue gone to Babilon and Seleucia Citties euer ennimies to the Parthians hée gaue the ennimies time to prepare themselues His tarrying in Syria was blamed béeyng rather lyke a receyuer of Rentes than a Captayne of Souldioures He did not searche the number of his souldiors nor vse them with exercises but he gathered the reuenues of Cities and spent many dayes in waying and peysing the Goddes money in the holy Citie appointyng Cities and Princes to finde him souldiors and after sending them awaye againe for mony whereby he came into contempt and disdayne The first token he had of this Goddesse which some call Venus some Iunâ— some name â—ir Nature the beginning and séede to al things ministring cause by moisture for going onte of the Temple firste yong Crassus fell at the doores Then the olde man fell vppon hym Nowe gathering his power from the 〈…〉 places Embassadors came to him from Arsaces with a brrefe speach for thus he saide If the army were sent against them of the Romanes the warre was made contrary to the league and neuer woulde ende But if he without authoritie of hys countrey and for hys owne gaine as they hearde did come in armes againste the Parthians and take their lande Arsaces woulde temper hymself and pitie Crassus age and let the Romanes go that were rather like a garrison than an army Crassus swelling at this â—ayde he woulde make an answere at Seleucide Then the most auntient of the Embassadours Vagise she wing the bare palme of his hollowe hand said Sooner shall hairs grow here than thou shalt sée Seleucia Thus he boldâ—lye spake signifying that Orodes must first be ouercome They â—f the Romane garrisons in the Cities of Mesopotamia escaping with muche danger did tell fearefull matter that they sawe the multitude of their enimies and their exercises howe they hadde fortified their Citties and some of purpose tellâ—ng all things to the vttermost that they were vâ—râ— suâ—table when they caine to â—â—ghâ— and vnrecouerable when they fled Their arrowes â—â—â—â—â—te woulde preuent the sight and before they coulde sée the shooter he woulde be at hande to strike them thorowo The men of armes beate downe all afore them and coulde not be resisted When the army hearde this they began to faint thinking the Parthians had differed nothing from the Arnâ—â—nians or Cappodocians whome Lucuâ—lus ouercame