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ID	Title	Author	Corrected Date of Publication (TCP Date of Publication)	STC	Words	Pages
A71161	The history of all religions in the world, from the creation down to this present time in two parts : the first containing their theory, and the other relating to their practices ... : to which is added, a table of heresies : as also a geographical map, shewing in what countrey each religion is practised ... / by William Turner ...	Turner, William, 1653-1701.	1695 (1695)	Wing T3347; ESTC R6111	329,028	716

confession and upon a heinous crime riseth up and after a sharp rebuke cries out Hast thou done this Dost thou not fear God Go to let him be scourged 30 or 40 times Tellez One to avoid a sharp and open Absolution desired to be heard in private to whom the Metropolitan How shall not thy sins be made manifest at the last days before all the world Tell therefore what it is Confession being made that it was stealing Oxen the Offender being present he was constrained to restore the Oxen and undergo a severe penalty beside Ludolph Armenians When an Armenian confesseth e. g. Robbery Murder c. the Confessor tells him God is merciful c. But if eating Butter on a Friday or day of fasting Oh! a grievous Crime and severe Penances enjoyn'd for it as fasting several months refraining six months from his Wife M. de Thevenot The Priests give Absolution indifferently for all sins F. Sim. Extream Unction is not administred till after Death and commonly given only to Priests Georgians If they have no Children by their Wives they divorce from them by permission of the Priests and marry others So also in case of Adultery and Quarrelling Muscovites They forbid Polygamy as also Fourth Marriages by Succession as also marriage of two brothers to two sisters and of Godfathers and Godmothers Young men and maids may not see one another nor speak together before marriage or make any promise by word or writing D. of Holstein 's Embaessad Travels See more in the second book Indians They were married by the first Priest they found Abissines Polygamy is tolerated by the Civil Magistrate but not allowed by the Church and such as marry more than one are prohibited from the Holy Sacrament Alvarez tells of his own knowledge that his Host at Dobarra had 3 Wives and by them 37 Children for which he was not admitted to Church Communion till he had put two of them away Their Kings have many Wives and Concubines the Laws of their Church and Nation not agreeing well together Marriages of Kindred forbidden even to distant degrees for the Ethiopians wanting Terms of Distinction call all one another Sisters and Brothers Thus a Church-man may not marry his brother's Wife but a Lay-person may No Marriages but such as are approved by Divine Authority are honour'd with Sacerdotal Benediction nor those publickly in the Church unless they be such Clergy-men to whom the Hallelujah is sung Other people are married at home or before the Church-doors All secular persons may throw off the Yoke when they please and do often upon light causes by determination of the King's Judges Job Ludolph l. 3. Armenians They marry their Children very young sometimes promise them as soon as born and often marry them at 7 or 8 years old bur tho the Priest perform the Ceremonies then yet they defer the consummation till the usual time M. de Thev The Priest brings them near the Altar reads several Prayers blesses the marriage by holding a Wooden Cross over them joyning their hands and heads together yet so that the Bride's Head touches the Bridegroom's Breast then they communicate afterward the Priest casts Rose-water upon them and ties a Scarf about the Bride 's Right Hand by which the Bridegroom leads her D. of Holst Emb. Maronites They make no publication in Church of marriages before the solemnity They go to any Priest to marry them They marry sometimes under the age of 12 or 14. They suffer not two brothers to marry two sisters nor the Father and Son to marry Mother and Daughter F. Simon out of Daudini the Jesuit Mengrelians Young maids out of the Nunneries are allowed to confess baptize marry and perform all other Ecclesiastical Functions which I never knew practis'd in any other part of the World beside Tavernier l. 3. c. 10. The Bishop dissolves marriages when they please and then marry again after they have sold the first if they are not married to their fancy they take another for a time and pay her as the Turks do Idem Faith and Vsages Greeks 2. Of their Faith and Vsages c. Divine Service Prayer THey have 4 Liturgies viz. One of S. James 5 hours long used once every year of S. Chrysostom to be read almost every day in the year of S. Basil and of S. Gregory They use Pictures and burn Lamps before them Perfume them with Incense begin and end their Prayers with Bowings and Crossing before them But abhor all Carved Images They Pray to Saints and thus teach their Children and privately Pray themselves morning and evening All Holy Lady Mother of God Pray for us sinners All Coelestial Powers of Angels and Arch-Angels Pray for us sinners Holy John Ptophet and Fore-runner and Baptist of our Lord Jesus Christ pray c. Holy Orthodox Apostles Prophets and Martyrs and all Saints pray c. O Sacred Ministers of God our Fathers Shepherds and Teachers of the World pray c. O Invincible and Indissoluble and Divine Powers of the Reverend and Life-giving Cross forsake us not sinners The precepts of their Church require them to pray at the times of the Liturgy morning and evening on the Lord's day and other Festivals Also to pray for Kings Patriarchs Bishops and all Souls departed in the Catholick Church and for all Hereticks c. That they may return before their passage from this Life Indians of S. Thomas They go daily to Church to read the Liturgy aloud in the Chaldaick Tongue But they do not think themselves obliged to rehearse it elsewhere nor have they any Breviaries for saying it in private In some places Mass is said but once a year in others scarce once in six or seven or ten years F. Simon out of Menes's Memoirs They have no Images only the Cross they Honour much Georgians The Church-men do not daily say their Breviary but one or two only say and the rest listen Abyssins Their whole Divine Service is compleared by the Sole Administration of the Sacrament and reading some few broken parcels of the New Testament for they neither use Sacred Hymns nor Preaching Ludolph Cophties They have a Book of Homilies taken out of the chief Fathers They Worship Images yet have no Statues by Kissing Burning Lamps before them with the Oyl of which they anoint the Sick 1. On Saturday-Even after Sun-set the Priest attended by his Ministers goes to Church to sing Vespers about an Hour those who are present sleep afterward in Church or smoke Tobacco or drink Coffee c. 2. Two hours after Midnight they say Matins and afterwards Mass to which many resort 3. When they enter the Church they take off their Shoes kiss the ground near the door then draw near the Arch-priest kiss his Hand to receive his blessing 4. If the Patriarch be present and do not Officiate he sits on a Throne with a Copper Cross in his hand which the People kiss 3. After the Gospel they read somewhat out of the Book

by that Court c. See more in Dr. Burnet 's Letters and the Supplement to them Ambrosian and Roman Office As for the Devotions of this place Milan I saw here the Ambrosian Office which is distinguished from the Roman both in the Musick which is much simpler and in some other Rites The Gospel is read in a high Pulpit at the lower end of the Quire that so it may be heard by all the People though this is needless since it is read in a Language that they do not understand When they go to say High Mass the Priest comes from the high Altar to the lower end of the Quire where the Offertory of Bread and Wine is made by some of the Laity Dr. Burnet 's Letters Hither may be referred the difference of their Divine Service in England formerly Secundum usum Sarum Bangor c. Protestants 1. Lutherans 1. Their Doctrines IN most Points they agree with the Calvinists as may be seen in their Confessions except that they hold that Christ is consubstantially in the Sacrament and some of them agree not with the Calvinists in the Point of Absolute Predestination nor in the Abolition of Saints days c. 2. Discipline and Worship 1. They retain Bishops but shorten their Revenues in Germany Denmark Swedeland but not in England 2. They use Forms of Prayer Kneeling at the Sacrament generally keep some Holy-days of Saints in many places use Instrumental Musick particularly 1. In Swedeland 1. Their number of Parish-Churches are 42000 all covered with Copper 2. In all of them there are Organs in some two or three pair and Bells in all their Churches 3. There are in that Kingdom 64 Provinces 12 or 14 Bishops one Arch-bishop residing at Vpsal 4. The Bishop with all the Priests of his Provinces hears Causes and Excommunicates 5. Their Elders are for Life and their Office to take care of the Church-repairs and the Poor 6. Two or three Chaplains belong to every Church at least 7. Three times a day they go to Church except on Fasting-days for then four Ministers preach successively and the People go not out from Morning till Night their Order of Service thus 1. The Morning for Servants when there is 1. A Psalm sung 2. A Prayer in Form and a Psalm again 3. The Chapter wherein the Text lies read 4. A Psalm sung again viz. some Epistle of Luther's translated into Hymn 5. The Sermon of an hour long 6. A Psalm again 2. The middle Service for Masters of Families c. in which there is the same order as before except that the Text is taken out of the Gospel and the Gospel read before the Altar For they have an Offering every Lord's day and a Sacrament after the second Sermon the People coming to Church on Saturday to be prepared for the Sacrament and receiving a Ticket for which they pay a Fee 3. Their last Service is from one till five a clock All their Weddlings are in Church Mr. Derick Reynes a Native 2. In Livonia an Inland adjoyning to the Baltick Sea now under the King of Swedeland 1. It s Government is by an Arch-bishop residing at Riga and Bishops or Superintendants at Reuel c. 2. Their Doctrine is according to the Auspurg Confession 3. Their Knowledge and Devotion very little and mixt with much Superstition and Sorcery for there is hardly a Village but hath a Church and Minister and yet the People so poorly instructed that it may be said Baptism excepted they have not any Character of Christianity they very seldom go to Sermons and never almost communicate unless forced and driven to it by other occasions D. of Holstein 's Ambass Travels into Muscovy c. 3. In Germany 1. Their Government is by Bishops and Superintendants c. 2. Their Doctrine differs a litlte but not in the substantial part of it as may be seen in the Harmony of Confessions 3. They have a Sermon every day saith Dr. Brown at Hamburgh as in other Lutheran Cities In his Travels p. 176. 4. They retain Pictures in their Churches The Lutherans at Frank ford have built a new Church called S. Catherines in which there is as much Painting as ever I saw in any Popish Church and over the High Altar is a huge carved Crucifix as there are Painted ones in other places of their Church Dr. Burnet's Letters 5. At Strasburg they bow when they name the Holy Ghost as well as the Name of Jesus Idem 6. I was in their Church saith the Reverend Author where if the Musick of their Psalms pleased me much the Irreverence in singing it being free to keep on or put off the hat did appear very strange to me Idem ibid. 7. They have not as Strasburg the same Ceremonies that the Lutherans of Saxony have which Mr. Bebel their Professor of Divinity said was a great Happiness for a similitude in outward rites might dispose the ignorant People to change too easily ibid. 8. The Lutherans for the greatest part retain their Animosities almost to an equal degree both against Papists and Calvinists ibid. 9. The Lutheran Churches are handsome and their Pulpits exeraordinary Noble and richly set off as I observed through all Saxony Noremberg and where they are Masters of the places c. Dr. Brown's Travels In the Palatinate the Order of their Service is thus as I received it from the hand of one Herman Graff●ing of Keysart Lautern a Native of the Palatinate On Sundays Morning-Service 1. On a Sledge in the Porch is notified what Psalms are to be sung 2. When they are come into Church the Clerk begins to sing the people all joyning with him presently every one having his book and the Scholars generally being taught at School to sing by Notes the melody is pleasant 3. The Minister prays in the book one prayer concluding always with the Lord's Prayer 4. Then follows a short Hymn to this sense O God that art our Father through Jesus Christ give us thy Spirit in general that may lead us into the Truth hear us in this hour Open the mouth of thy Servant that the word may be pure and freely explained O Lord graciously open our hearts and ears that we may hear it with all diligence and keep it truly so that we may plentifully declare thy praise 5. After this Hymn is sung the Minister prays in short Extempore with respect to his Sermon 6. Next he preacheth and after he hath divided his Text and disposed his Sermon into parts which he doth without book the Minister being bare or using only a Cap upon his head but the people covered He makes a short Prayer and exhorts them to attention and charitableness to the poor c. the people all standing up and putting off their Hats Whereupon the people sit down again and he proceeds on with his Sermon and the Church-warden goes about from Pew to Pew with a long Staff and a Purse and Bell at the end of it to gather

Chutz Lilis is That if the Mother bring a Boy God would not give him a scolding undutiful Wife as Lilis was but one like Eve Doctor Addison Christians My Mother being given to my Father of GOD became not only his Helper but also his Leader and Captain both by Word and by Deed drawing him to the best things and albeit in other things it were best for her to be subject to her Husand for the right of Marriage yet in Religion and Godliness she was not afraid to shew her self his Mistress She being a Christian Woman and he an Infidel watched fasted sung Psalms and prayed for her Husband and was careful for him She converted her Husband she converted others she brought up her Children in the Fear of GOD her Husband entrusted her with the disposal of his Money to the Poor Greg. Nazianz. of his Mother's help to his F. Bp. of Nazianz. S. Augustine speaking of his Mother Monica saith That she served her Husband as her Lord and that she endeavour'd what she could for the winning of him to the Faith That she patiently sustained the Injuries of the Bed and though Patricius was of a hot and cholerick Temper yet she never made resistance to him in his Anger neither in Word or Deed but sometimes when she had an opportunity in his calm Humours she would give him an account of what she had done and the reasons for it She would often gravely admonish other Women for laying open the Faults of their Husbands in Familiar Discourses with one another and let them know that she had a Faculty beyond them in escaping scratch'd Faces and Quarrels under a Husband of a much rougher Spirit than theirs that it was never heard or known by any sign that Patricius had ever beaten his Wife or Monica ever quarrel'd with her Husband Aug. Conf. l. 9. c. 9. At last she begat him to the Faith Queen Katherine Henry the Eighth's Wife used to work with her own hands and kept her Women to work with her Dr. Burnet Queen Anne Boleyn work'd with her own hands the last time Months of her Life gave 1400 l. to the Poor Idem Bern. About Bern the Wives even of the chief Magistrates look into all the concerns of the House and Kitchin as much as the Wives of the meanest Peasants Idem Japoners The Women live retired and are very faithful to their Husbands the Emperor having put to death one of his Lords in hopes to enjoy his Wife who desiring time to consider upon it shut her self up in a Room with her Children and sending her Servant with a Paper to the Emperor set the Chamber on Fire and burnt her self c. Persians The Persian-Women are seen by none but their own Husbands are very idle in their own Houses not so much as looking after any thing of Housewifry spend their time in taking Tobacco going to the Baths wearing the best Cloaths bringing Collations have many Slaves whom they use to rub their Arms Legs Thighs 'till they fall asleep in their voluptuous Prison M. Tavern l. 5. c. 14. Opposita juxta se posita magis clucescunt Muscovites As soon as the Wedding is over the Woman must resolve to live a retired life seldom giving visits and because they are much given to Wine and have lewd Tongues and sometimes pleasure a Friend no wonder if sometimes they are soundly cudgelled by their Husbands But I can't say as Barclay in his Icon animorum that they take unkindness if not beaten D. of Holst Ambass Trav. Madagascar In Madagascar the Fidelity of Wives to their Husbands is remarkable and exemplary and the Men think it no disparagement to take their Advice and because they have two Wives commonly or more he hath most compliance for the more Aged Mandelslo Armenians The Armenian Wives never speak to their Husbands but only nod never dine with them are seldom seen by them always rise before day See Chapter of Marriage Indians The Husband dying among the Indians the Wife can never Marry again so that as soon as the Man is dead the Wife retires to bewail her Husband shaves off her Hair lays aside her Ornaments of Apparel and all the rest of her Life after lives slighted and despised and in a worse condition than a Slave in the same House where she was Mistress before For this reason and because the Bramins flatter them with a hope that whilst they are in the midst of the Flames Ram will appear and reveal wonderful Visions to them and that they shall revive again with their Husbands in another World with more honour and advantages they choose to be buried alive with their Husbands Those who cannot get leave of their Governours to be burnt spend the rest of their lives in doing Penance and in works of Charity sitting upon the Road to boyl certain Pulse in Water and give the Liquor for the use of Travellers others sit with Fire always ready to light their Tobacco others vow to eat nothing but the undigested Grains in Cow-dung When the Governour finds no Porsuasions alter the Woman's resolution his Secretary making sign that he hath received the Coin in a surly manner gives the VVoman leave bidding the Devil take her and all her Kindred Having got this leave their Musick begins to strike up and away they ding to the House of the deceased with Drums beating and Flutes playing before them and Women following with loud Congratulations and Songs in honour of the miserable Creature that is going to dye I have seen Women burnt three several ways in Guzerat and Bengala c. Tavern Trav. p. 2. l. 3. c. 9. Good Masters Jews ABraham the Father of the Faithful and the Glory of the Jewish Nation as he performed the part of a good Master having that excellent Elogium bestowed upon him by GOD himself That he would command his Children and Family after him and instruct them in the Fear of the Lord. So he had a Servant both Pious and Faithful that discharged the Trust put in him delivers his Message prays for a Blessing upon his Undertaking gave thanks for his Success and this all in a Momentous Affair the procuring a Wife for his young Master Isaac Gen. 24. Muscovites The Muscovites are generally very severe to their Servants and use the Cudgel upon a small cause but especially the Great Dukes have been wont to lash their Physicians looking on that Art as infallible formerly c. A German Physician that had one time disappointed the Czar's expectation in the cure of the D. of Holstein his Kinsman came with a tatter'd Garment his Hair hanging over his Eyes and Face to the Duke's Chamber creeping on all four to his Bed-side told him That he was not worthy to live c. A Kuez being present kick'd him on the head and drew Blood The Physician perceiving favour in the Great Duke's Countenance said confidently to him Great Prince I know I am your Slave but be pleased to give