they weare all at their wittes endes stoode vp and gaue councel by decrée that they should ioyne themselues with the Thebanes and séeke their friendship by all meanes possible And so when he had hartened them in all other things and according to his maner had put them in good hope he was sent Ambassador with others to the Thebanes On the other side king Philip sent Amyntas Clitarchus Macedonians and Daochus and Thrasidaeus Thessalians to perswade against that confederacie so much as they could possible At what time the Thebanes weare not ignoraunt what profite they had receyued of king Philip and caried fresh in remembrance euery one of them the battaile fought against the Phoceians the woundes and harmes whereof weare not yet fully cured in which king Philip had stoode them in good stéede And yet such was the force of this Orator in styrring their mindes and heating their hartes to the studie and desire of renowme and glorie that all other things weare lapped vp and laid a side in such sort as they forsooke reason had no feare in themselues and shooke out of their heades the remembraunce of all good turnes receyued by king Philip and weare caryed headlong with perswasion as though it weare by a diuine inspiration to the aduauncement as they thought of all renowme and glorie The which déede of this Orator was so famous and so renowmed that king Philip sent haroldes by and by for peace and the Gréekes weare set all on a gogge and looked for great things to followe Neyther did the Capitaynes onely stande obedient to Demosthenes and did what soeuer he would haue them to doe but the chiefest of the Boetians and the whole assemblie of the Thebanes were as much ruled by Demosthenes as were his owne Countrie men of Athens for that he was deare to them both and of great aucthoritie amongest them and not without cause and desert but as it was méete and as he was well worthie to be Afterwardes notwithstanding when it came to the tryall of battaile at Cheronea where king Philip preuayled and had victorie Demosthenes ranne away vsing the excuse before said that the man which turnes his back may shewe his face againe alleaging more wisedome in so doing when there is no remedie than to be killed outright And yet king Philippe for all this victorie and triumphe that he had gotten when he considered the great hazarde wherein both his estate and life lay as to be lost in a short space he began mightily to mistrust Demosthenes eloquence and to dread the force of his Orations For such was the aucthoritie of Demosthenes that it stretched euen to the king of Persia in such sort that the king sending letters to his Lordes and Counsellors commaunded them to giue great summes of money to Demosthenes and him to estéeme chiefly and to honour him aboue all the Gréekes For that he knewe he was able with his force of eloquence and wisedome to call backe king Philip and to make him retire from annoying the Gréekes or making any stirre among them And yet there were certaine Orators that began to charge Demosthenes déepely for this ouerthrow at Cheronea as what is he that being in great aucthoritie is not enuied and sought to call him to his aunswere but the people woulde not heare of that who not only did acquite him for all such complaintes and accusations but did him all the honour they could very constantly for that time and desired him to take aucthoritie againe vpon him as a good Citizen ought to doe And therefore willed him to make the funerall Oration vpon those that weare killed at Cheronea and béeing nothing discouraged or offended with him but rather gathering good heartes vnto them did honor and extoll him as a most worthie Counsellor and neuer repented the following of any aduise that he had giuen them which Oration Demosthenes made notwithstanding he would not put his owne name to the establishing of decrées or actes according as the maner was to subscribe vnto any thing resolued vpon but vsed the names of his friendes by course blaming his owne happe and destinie as infortunate and vnluckie vntill he heard that king Philip was deade and slaine by Pausanias at what time he began to take heart vnto him againe And hearing verie secretly that king Philip was dead before it was knowne openly to others bicause he would preuent the Athenians thereof and make them to be of better courage hereafter by his perswasions he came verye merily into the Senate house and saide that he had béene warned by a dreame that some great goodnesse should spedily befall to hys Countrie Whervpon there came word very shortly after that king Philip was deade at which tydings great triumph and much reioicing was made amoÌ„g the Athenians And Demosthenes that had buried his daughter not past seuen dayes before went in sumptuous aray and ware a garland vpon hys â—â—ade according as the maner was then in token of reioysing and gladnesse not suffering himselfe to mourne for his daughters death in the middest of the common ioy and mirth of hys Countrie And yet it may be doubted much whether such reioycing and ioyfulnesse be to be well lyked of or no especially when a forraine King is trayterously murthered by his owne man as though he had béene slaine in open fielde by the force and valiantnesse of his enimie Truely being so mightie a king he should not haue béene so vsed notwithstanding his hatred neuer so much agaynst the people of Athens For this desire of honour to aduaunce states and to enlarge kingdomes is naturally graffed in the heartes of all Princes And there was neuer yet anye of stomacke or courage but desireth to bée in better case than he is neyther is any man contented with hys owne estate For the Athenians themselues if they might they woulde haue béene Lordes ouer king Philip and haue had as great aucthoritie as euer the Romaines had And therefore such affections being ordinarie are rather to be pitied than to be dispited and especially against the person of one that is dead For what harme can a deade man doe and if euer enuye should ceasse it should than haue an end and die for euer when the cause is taken away And the rather I speake this for that king Philip was of a princely nature whatsoeuer Demosthenes sayth especially towardes Demosthenes whose friendship he sought by all meanes possible and yet when he coulde not haue it he sayd thus to Parmenio his déere friend counsellor I haue done whatsoeuer I can do to win Demosthenes but it will not be though there are others that stand contented to be mine Well this I say if any Citizen of Athens when he sitteth in councell there do preferre me before his Countrie I doe giue him my sée but I doe no whitte thinke him worthie to be my friend but he that
it was supposed and so to yéelde himselfe to their protection the rest of the Orators perceyuing him a fat clyent weare readie to further him al that they could and perswaded altogither the Athenians to receiue him and to take tuition of him onely Demosthenes woulde none of it but rather caused that he shoulde be sent backe againe and â—adde them take héede that they did not bring warre vpoÌ„ their necks without nede vpoÌ„ vniust cause Within a while after commaundement being giuen that hys money and treasure should be séene and Harpalus perceyuing by Demosthenes eye that he was in loue with a cup of golde of the kinges at the excellent workemanship whereof he sawe him take great maruell he willed Demosthenes to pâ—yse the cup in his hande and to estéeme the weight of it Nowe when Demosthâ—â—â—s had wondered at the massinesse thereof and therefore asâ—ed him what it might way Harpalus smiling vppon him sayd it weigheth vnto you sir xx talents and in déede as soone as it was night he sent him the cup of golde with .xx. talents of money Good was the skil and insight of Harpalus in good sooth to iudge by a mans countenance casting of his eies vpon a cup what his chiefe desire was Neyther did Demosthenes forbeare to take it but being ouercome with that offer as a man would say caught in the net of temptation bare with Harpalus and would not gainsay that he required And therefore gettes him the next day certaine wooll and rollers to fasten handsomely about his necke and so comes into the Counsell house where being desired to stande vp and to saye his minde in this matter he aunswered that he had lost his voyce with a paine in his throte but some merrie conceyted fellowe that smelled the matter sayd that he was not sick of Angina but he was taken the last night with Argentangina that is not with simple Angina but with siluer angina meaning that he was not troubled with the Vvula being a swelling in the throte and called in Gréeke Angina but was corrupted with Argentangina that is his mouth was stopped with money for so the word signifieth vpon the allusion of Angina Now afterwards when euerie bodie perceyued plaine corruption and therefore would not heare him speake for himselfe but weare very angrie with him and in an vprore and murmure for the matter one starts me vp and like a good friendly furtherer of Demosthenes sayde thus what meane you my Maysters will you not heare him speake that hath the golden cup in his throte herevpon they banished Harpalus out of the Citie and fearing least that money should be demaunded of them the which certaine of the Orators had spoyled him of and finely fléeced to themselues they did make diligent search in euery one of their houses sauing where Calâ—cles dwelt into whose house onelye they did forbeare to enter bicause he was lately maryed and had his yong spouse within the house with him Thus when Demosthenes sawe this matter so hotely taken and stomacked in such sort he appealed from them and desired that his matter shoulde be determined by the high Court of the States of Grece called Areopagus that if he weare found faultie he might be punished thereafter Now the Court found him guiltie and condemned him for an offender after he had appeared in open iudgement fined him to pay fiftie talents and to lye in prison also till the money weare payd who for very shame of this offence as it was sayde and for the infirmity of his body being not able to endure emprisonment made an escape whereof partly the kéepers were ignorant and partly they wincked at it And as he was running away not farre from the Citie he met certaine of his contrarie faction whome he woulde gladly haue auoyded but they followed a pace and calling him by name willed him to be of good chéere for that they ment him no harme offering to giue him money to beare his charges Whervpon Demosthenes fetched a great sigh as a man wounded at the verie heart but they comforted him and asked what he ment so to sigh he aunswered and said thus alas my Maysters what other countenaunce maye I shewe than heauinesse that sée my self constrained to leaue that Citie which nourisheth suche good enimies of mine in it as I shall hardly be able to finde the lyke good friendes anye where else And so going his waies he tooke this his banishment very heauily and impaciently casting his eyes manye times vpon Athens And as he went he looked backe verie often vppon the Castell of Pallas in Athens and holding vp his handes sayde with a lowde voyce O holy Pallas souereigne and Ladye of cities why hast thou so great pleasure in thrée such infortunate and vnluckie beastes the night Owle the Dragon and the people The night Owle or the scriche Owle as some call hir being thought the birde of death was dedicated to Pallas for a birde of hir chiefe delight the Dragon also was set vpon hir crest the people weare Pallas dearlings ouer whom she tooke great care who are compared to a monstruous beast with many heades euill fauoredly acquiting those that haue done them most good as they did Socrates Phocion Scipio Demosthenes Tullie and diuers others And this man being wearyed with the malice and vnkinde dealing of the people woulde say many tymes to his familiers that came to sée him I knowe sayes he that he who séekes to beare office and to carie authoritie in his Countrie is euer readie to be enuied threatned maliced slauÌ„dered and to be put in great hazard to lose both goods and life for his labour That if I weare put to choyse whether to dye or to take the aucthoritie of a Counsellor vpon me as I haue done I had rather clearely giue away my life for euer then once to touch the burthen of the state or to open my minde in open audience to the people And good cause he had to be greatly grieued with the people that weare so vnkinde towardes him who loued them so dearely and did so much for them For not onely did he with his councell wisedome and courage aduaunce the welfare of his Countrie but also he was at great charges diuers wayes with them For he made diuers publike feastes to the people of his owne cost a custome vsed amoÌ„g them by such as were able to beare the charges desirous therby to winne fauor He tooke vpon him besides to sée to the maintenaunce of the Temples and priuate buildings in the Citie and therefore was Aedilis as who should say the Guardian of Churches and buildings in the Citie he also looked to the shippes that they wanted nothing but had all their tackell and furniture accordingly He repayred also the walles and ditches of the Citie to his great charge and cost he redéemed captiues and prisoners with his owne proper
nowe called Modon an hauen town in Morea Great is the value of order and foresight to gouerne things well Disorder and want of foreknowledge doe cause confusion * The maner was that if any man being sessed refused to pay that he was sessed at an other offering to chaunge goods with him might do it and take that in hande that he should Tyme taryeth no man. He meaneth king Philip. Pleasant talke vnnecessarie when plaine speach is most needefull Foresight in Magistrates most requisite Lingring is then noysome when necessitie requires haste As Switzers fight fondly so doe many people and nations deale with their enimies vnwisely Cherronesus now Phanâ—â— a port towne in Morea God sendeth oft tymes wicked tormentors to securge and annoy others The carefulnesse of the wicked ought to quicken the Godly to looke about them All passages are open to the stowte and valiant souldiour â–ª As good neuer a whit as neuer the better Daungerous to slaunder souldiours that haue serued and worst of all to condemne them vpon the false report of others Gouernors to be personall and carefull vewers of things to be done Flying tales and flattering newes doe neuer good to any state A short gathering of all that hath bene sayd 1. King Philip enimye to Athens 2. A spoyler of their countrie 3. Prowde and iniurious 4. And their trustie friends by him made trecherous and vntrue persons Best for a man to trust to himselfe Better to fight with the enimie at his owne home than for him to fight with vs in our owne countrie Demosthenes neuer preferred priuate welfare before common weale Words are vnfit weapons to withstande armour Such studie such fruite â–ª Profite to be preferred vnto pleasure The enimie being mightie he is to be feared greatly Demosthenes consideration vpon king Philips doings Pyle certaine narow gates or strayts for passages King Philip findeth the Athenians vnspotted for corruption Thebanes corrupted by giftes and faire promises Great princes seeke amitie of meaner states for their owne welfare and to serue their seuerall turnes the better Athenians neuer corrupted with any fayre promise or offered hope to lose their countries libertie Athenians worthinesse seâ— forth by example of their elders Herodotus reporter of these matters In the warres against the Persians the Argeyans would not meddle but the Thebanes toke part with the Persians An aunswere to an obiection proouing that king Philip neyther for iustise sake nor yet by enforcement was friend to the Thebanes with certaine mocking of those nations The lapping vp of all these matters Wise men being wronged are to be feared of the wrong doers Euill men care for nothing but for the present time onely Part of an oration rehersed here by Demosthenes whereby he did will the Messenians and the Argians not to be in league with king Philip. Olynthians abused by King Philips counterfeyte dealings Thessalians deceyued â—y king Philip vnder colour of friendship offered Mistrustfulnes the chiefest safegarde that may be against the practises of Tyraunts He meaneth bicause he writ himselfe king Carelesse men are euer most nigh their owne harme Ambassadors seeking theyr owne priuate welfare are most daungerous ministers and therefore to be narowly looked vnto Daungerous to grauÌ„t an entry to the enimie Good men maliced for speaking truth Fayre promises makes fooles faine Pickethankes seeke by discrediting others to benefite themselues Good men in greater daunger for saying the truth than euill men are for dooing naughtily Pyla were certaine straytes to stop passages where the town Thermopylae stoode Peloponesus now Morea One inconuenience suffered many mischiefs do follow after Then is forâ—earing to speake most daungerous when necessitie requireth speach Flatterers and slaunderers the very authors of all mischiefe and euill hap that may be Slaunderers Bolde speech vpoÌ„ good cause deserues fauor Free speaking forbidden bringeth daunger to the state Many frame their talke according to the humor of others Through diligence and care those thinges may be redressed that weare by slouth and negligence forlorne He that doth wrong giueth cause of warre not they that seeke the redresse of wrong Councellours speaking for the best doe oftentymes beare the greatest blame Peace better than warre if a man may be sure of it Not king Philips words but his deedes are to be marked and looked vpon King Philip practised stafford law with the people of Athens Olynthians Phoceyans being euill vsed forsâ—oke their countrie by consent neuer to returne and builded Massilia in Prouance Thebe now Thiâ—a in Beotia Phere nowe Ceramidi a towne of Attica betwene Megara and Thebes Oreteynes Sleight and guile fitter for king Philip than euennesse and plaine dealing King Philips deedes rather to be marked than his wordes Diophites generall of the Athenians armie Cherronesus now Phanar Serrium and Doriscum townes in Thracia and in this second towne Xerxes armie was found iust 1000000. men Whatsoeuer swarueâ— an ynch from iusâ—tice the same tendeth streight to iniustice An vndermâ—ner and a fetching practiser worse than an open and plain sworne enimie The intent makes the offence when all things are prepared although the execution do not follow Preuention necessary when purposed mischiefe is foreknowne Hellespontus Megaris Euboia Peloponesus Cherronesus now Phanar Bizance nowe CoÌ„stantinople Aâ—l Greceland in daunger of king Philip. The sodaine rysing and encreased might of king Philip. King Philips libertie to doe what he lyâ—â— without step or let hath beene the cause of all the warres in Grece Grecians ruled by the Athenians 7â— yeares Grecians ruled by the Lacededemonians 29. yeares Grecians ruled by the Thebanes after the battail at Leuctra Such as passed the boundes of moderation among the Grecians heretofore were restrayned of their course brought perforce to liue in order The vnmeasurable harmes and excessâ—ue wrongs done by king Philip in short tyme Olynthus Methona Apollonia 32. townes in Thracia Countryes spoyled by king Philip. Phoceyans Thessalians Quatuorviratus Euboians A prowde bragging maner of writing vsed by king Phillip Hellespontus Ambracia now Larta Elis in Morea now Beluedere Megaris now Megrâ— All the worlde euer little to glut king Philips gredie and bottomlesse ambition Fondly weare the Grecians carelesse and vnquiet among themselues when the enimie was so busie and stirring abroade * King Philip he meaneth Euery man sekes to saue one for a time while others miscary whereas none haue any care of the whole state or country * An apt similitude deriued from the bodie to the mind declaring howe carelesse the GreciaÌ„s were Wrongs done by straungers more daungerous than harmes done by naturall Citizens or home borne men King Philip a barbarous prince mere straunger to the Grecians King Philip contumelius and dispitefuâ—l of his tongue * Pythia certaine games made yerely in the honour of Apollo for killing the mighty and venimous serpent Pytho Oracle of Apollo Amphictyones an assembly of states to come to gither hauing the name of Amphiction who caused the princes of Grece to be summoned to meete at
Argo a towne no more famous by the auncient renowme therof than by the death of Pyrrhus Now let vs make a vewe of our doings I pray you how much did Italie flourish more when Pyrrhus set vpon vs than it doth at this present what a full strength and force was the state in than so many Captayne 's being as yet safe so many armies as yet whole sound whom afterward those Africane warres consumed and made away Yet for all that he shooke the state and came conquering welnie to the very gates of Rome And not only did the Tarentynes and all that part of Italie the which is called mayne Greece reuolt from vs so that a man myght well thinke they had followed their language and their auncient name but also the Basilicates the Calabrians and the Abruzzians seuerall people in the kingdome of Naples And thinke you if Philip passe into Italie that these people will be long at rest or keepe themselues within their allegeance In dede they were all quiet during the time that we warred afterwards abrode with the Carthagineans Nay nay this kinde of people will neuer leaue reuolting froÌ„ vs but when they shal haue no body to fal vnto If it had bene so lothsom a matter to you at that time to make ouer into Africa you had had Annibal the Carthage enimies within Italie at this day Let Macedonie rather abyde the mischiefes of warre than Italie and the Countrie and towne rather of our enimies feele the force of fire and sworde and be destroyed therewyth We haue good triall already that our force and might hath bene more fortunate and more puissant abrode than at home And therefore go you altogither on Gods name to giue your voyces and allowe you those things with one consent the which haue bene wysely considered vppon by the Senate And for this opinion you haue not onely your Consull to encourage you therevnto but also the immortall Goddes vnto whome when I made my sacrifice and my prayers that this warre might be fortunate to me to the Senate to you to the friendes and confederates of the Latine name and to our Nauie and whole armie they prognosticated and foreshewed vnto me when I was at the sacrifice that all things shoulde go happily forwarde and prosper very well The Argument vpon the first Oration of Demosthenes in fauour of the Olynthians a people in Thracia now called Romania PHILIP King of Macedonie sonne to Amyntas and father of Alexander the great did much annoye the lande of Greece but especially the people of Athens froÌ„ whom by force and other meanes he tooke many goodly Cities as Pydna Potydaea Amphipolis with others vsurping in all places where violence might preuayle Yea he brought by extreeme hande whole Thessalia vnder his yoke and being growne insolent through many victories and conquestes of priuate Countries and Cities he determined at the last to denounce open warre against the whole Countrie of Athens and yet before he would fall into so playne a quarrell with them he drew into his league the Citie Olynthus being in the Countrie of Thracia now called Romania standing somtimes betwixt Abdera and Heraclia a warrelike plat and a martiall soyle next adioyning to Attica the people whereof were Grecians of Chalcis in Euboia a colonie of the Athenians Now these Olynthians had earst bene at warre aswel against the Athenians as also against the Lacedemonians whose valiantnesse king Philip knowing and desirous to haue them matche with him hee sought by great giftes of Townes vnto them which he had gotten from the Athenians and others to make them assured to his part bicause he might haue a more easie passage to Athens a thing that he desired aboue al others For hauing that he thought it nothing to gette all the countrie of Grecia elsewhere whatsoeuer being his full minde to make a plaine conquest of all Grecia if it were possible The Olynthians herevpon perceyuing his ambicious nature and smelling thereby that he was sharpely sette to be Lorde ouer all weying also how vnfaithfull a man he was otherwise in all his doings toke their time in his absence and dispatched an Ambassade to Athens to be confederate with them contrarie to their league made before with King Philip with whome they had agreed to sette vpon Athens and to haue ech with others like friendes and like foes togither Which thing when king Philip vnderstoode he tooke herevpon iust aduauntage to fall out with them and so forthwith proclaimed open warre against them Whervpon the Olynthians sent to Athens for succour whose cause Demosthenes fauouring as one that did full well perceyue the insaciable ambition of King Philips nature perswaded earnestly that ayde shoulde be sent vnto them bicause the safetye of Olynthus was as a man woulde saye a bulwarke or forte to Athens against Macedonie and that King Philip coulde neuer annoye them so long as Olynthus stoode safe and sure Whereas on the other side the Athenians might at pleasure pierce into Macedonie and handle him hardly in his owne countrie But if King Philip once got Olynthus he had then an open entrie and a very playne passage to Athens And to encourage his Countrie men the better in this quarrell hee sayth that King Philip is not so mightie but he may easily be dealt withall contrarie to the common opinion Further he willeth monye to bee leuied and taken out of the common treasurie perswading that where as it was wont to bee bestowed vppon Stage playes Maygames and publyke sightes now the time serued that it might be better employed vpon Souldiers for their wages to defende the afflicted Olynthians and to maintaine the safegarde of Athens But bicause the maner is vnknowne to many how the Athenians vsed and dispensed their treasure at that time it weare not amisse to touch it briefly When the Athenians heretofore vsed no Theater or scaffolde for the people to stande vpon but such only as was made of boardes into the which euery man made haste to get a place to see those sightes that weare there to bee seene many times when their scaffolde fayled they did hurt themselues and sometimes they went togither by the eares so that manslaughter followed for want of order while euery man sought to place himselfe first that first could get vp wherevpon proclamation was made that none hereafter shoulde haue any place there except they first payde out of hand two halfe pence of that coyne for their standing being about two pence starâ—ing and so they should be placed of the which money part was giuen for the building of the Theater of stone where the playes and open shewes shoulde be made and set forth and part was bestowed vpon officers appointed for these pastimes And when the collection monye fayled the Chamber of Athens did beare the reast for maintenaunce of their costly feasts and seuerall games to the great and intollerable charge of the Citie And least the poore should be thought hereby
to be kept backe and to lose those sights for want of mony it was ordered that they shoulde haue two halfe pence deliuered vnto them out of the common reuenewes and treasurie to paye for their standings Nowe this custome grewe so great that all the reuenewes of Athens weare altogither consumed and wasted vpon such vnnecessary vses in spending this waye and that waye so that men had the lesse minde to serue their Countrie no money being left in the treasurie nor rewarde remayning for seruice and traueyle to be done eyther at home or abrode For whereas Souldiers and men of warre had their pensions and annuities giuen them before time out of the treasurie for their good seruice done those that taried at home did now consume the same altogither vpon setting forth of those Pageants royall banquets reuels and other such toyes for the peoples comfort pastime and delite And besides this there was a lawe made by Eubulus that none vppon paine of death shoulde giue councell to employe the common treasure otherwise than vpon stage pastymes common feastes and games to the great discouragement of all souldiers and good meaning men that hoped to haue rewarde for good seruice doing And here wee must note by the waye that the custome among the Athenians was to hang vp a Table nigh to the Pulpit or place where the Orator spake conteyning the matters to be entreated of and when that thing should be passed that the Orator perswaded the maner was that the Orator shoulde subscribe to the Table which made a very absolute maner of establishing anye decree among them and was called in Greeke 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 that is to write And when so euer the Orator did presume so to vnder write or set his hande to the Table in capitall causes wherevnto the people when he had done did not giue their consent and agreement which was called 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 of the which the whole thing being decreed was called 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 a decree theÌ„ shoulde that Orator be in great daunger if his decree did any thing derogate to the lawes or weare in any poynt contrarye to the order of decrees to bee made For which cause Demosthenes being very warie in this behalfe not to wade ouer deepely for feare of displeasure vseth great cunning and sleight both to saue himselfe from harme and to doe his Countrie good for the better employing of this monye perswading that the same Theater monye might better bee conuerted and made Souldiers fees and the contribution to be rather for common profit and honor than for common pleasure and vaine pastime being neuer yet so hardie to vnderwrite the tables for the enacting of any new decree in the matter considering the perill that did depende therevpon if the people did not like it after it was vnderwritten and enacted by the Orator but giues them only to vnderstand that in his opinion the very auncient order was to employ it vpon Souldiers and that this their maner of spending it was but an abuse Last of all he willeth them to sende forth their owne Countrie people and not to vse the onely seruice of Mercinarie foreiners and hyred straungers for that by those meanes they haue heretofore susteyned great losse and hinderance in the chiefe of their affayres And to make this Oration more plaine I will by a diuision somewhat enlarge and iterate my speach for the better vnderstanding of Demosthenes Arte and wisedome Three causes hindred Demosthenes from getting the Athenians to helpe the OOlynthians first that the warre was not domesticall nor proper to Athens but forreyne with the which kinde of warre the Athenians woulde not seeme to deale Againe that they had no monye ready to maintaine these warres Thirdly that King Philip was ouergreat and therfore very daungerous for them to deale withall All these things Demosthenes doth cunningly handle and first sayth that the warres doe appertaine to them bicause it is for their honor vnto the which all men are caried by nature for by this â—â—anes they shall make an entrance to aduaunce that principalitie the which they seke ouer all Greeceland Againe he driueth them through necessitie to take this matter in hande for else King Philip will pierce Athens if the Olynthians be not presently ayded For monye he sayth they haue ynough if they will turne the ydle expenses of the Theater charges to the necessarie paye of the warres Thirdly he weakneth King Philips force by rehearsall of diuers things and deedes in perticularitie And the two especiall points of the whole Oration are these profite and habilitie Proouing by the first with manye reasons that their gaine and honor shall be great therein if they take these warres vpon them by the seconde hee sheweth both what their owne proper force is and what strength the enimy hath whose power he weakneth by all the cunning meanes hee can the rather to harten his Countrie men against him The cunning that Demosthenes vseth in this Oration is very great and not easie for all men to conceyue except they be very attentiue to obserue and followe the order and skilfull handling of this matter And thus I haue bene the longer to dilate this argument bicause I would make it the playner ¶ The first Oration of Demosthenes chiefe Orator in Athens in fauour of the people and Citie of Olynthus in the Countrie of Thracia nowe called Romania against king Philip of Macedonie who sought the distrâ—sse of the sayde people and Citie I Do verily beleeue O Athenians you had rather thaÌ„ a great deale of money you were wel assured and out of all doubt what thing were best for the good estate welfare of the Citie in those matters which you do presently consult vpoÌ„ And séeing it is so it is reasoÌ„ you should gladly giue theÌ„ the hearing that are willing to giue you their councel Neither if one come forth with some good matter studied for prepared before hand ought you to giue eare to that only take it in good part but I take it to be a péece of your good luck that many a néedefull poynt should come into some mans head vpon the sodaine to speake of So shall it be no hard matter for you out of them all to vse choyse of the best and most profitable Wherefore O Athenians this present time euen verie now warneth vs with open mouth to go in hand with those affayres our selues if you haue any regard of your own safetie Marrie then what maner of minde we séeme to haue to them I know not Once mine opinion is that there weare an ayde decréed vpon out of hand and the same to be readie with all spéede to the intent the ayde may be of men euen out of this towne and that you commit not the lyke fault nowe as you haue done heretofore And that there weare Ambassadors dispatched both to aduertise them hereof also to
againe from a bad state to a better being Now surely this is against all reason and nature so to thinke For by nature it is a more easie matter for a man that hath a thing to kepe it still than it is to get it vnhad howbeit by this time the warre hath left nothing for vs to kepe that was ours before but we must be fain to get it a fresh that belongs to you to do Wherfore I say vnto you you must euery man bring in his mony and go forth lustily your selues and accusing no man before you had brought al your matters to passe and than when it is done you shall doe well to sit in iudgement to rewarde the prayse worthie and punish the offendors laying aside all excuses and quarreling one with another Neyther is it fit to searche other mens doyngs ouer curiously or rigorously vnlesse we first endeuour our selues aboue all others to doe that which we ought to doe For I pray you what is the cause that all the Capitaines whom you send forth do eschue these our warres and had rather séeke warres of their owne in other places Mary if a man must néedes say as it is and speake truth of the Capitaines is it not bicause that here with vs the rewards and booties of the warre are yours For and Amphipolis should be taken would not you sease it to your selues by by and so the Capitaines should abide all the perill and haue no part of the reward at all whereas any where else the daunger should be lesse and the gaynes much greater to the Capitaynes and Souldiors As was to be séene at Lampsacus Sygeum by the number of the sayles that they had the spoyle of So that euerye man goes where as he ran make his most aduauntage But you so soone as you sée thinges go euill fauouredly forwarde with you you haue your Capitaynes in sute by and by And when they haue giuen vp their reckoning and you haue heard their necessitie you dismisse them streight out of the Court And so you remayne still brabling and fauling out among your selues some holding one opinion and some another And in the meane season the common weale taryes still at an euill stay For heretofore O Athenians you leuyed your mony by Wardes and companies whereas nowe you beare office and rule by Wardes The Orator he rules both vnder him the grand Capitaine and the thrée hundred to assist him and the rest of you be deuided some on one side some on the other Therefore I pray you setting these brawles aside and calling better mindes to you make it frée for euery man to saye his minde to giue his counsell and to doe his part for if you will giue some men leaue like Tyraunts to commaund you to enforce some to serue in Galleys to contribute to go in proper person to these warres and other some to doe nothing but make decrées and orders agaynst them and not put theyr handes to any thing themselues why than you shall neuer haue any thing wel done or in good time as it ought to be For the party wronged will alwayes fayle when you shall haue neede And so shall you be faine to punishe them in stéede of enimies And therefore to conclude I thinke it good that you all do contribute money according to your wealth and habilitie and that euery man go foorth in his course till you haue béene all at the warres and that all men may haue libertie to speake their fantasies in this place that when all haue said theyr mindes you may pick out the best of all and leaue the worst and not be addicted to that which this man or that man hath said Thus doyng you shall not onely prayse the Orator for his redy counsell at the time present but you shall hereafter also reioyce and cunne your selues thanke when you shall sée your country in better case than now it is The Argument vpon the thirde Oration in fauour of the Olynthians THe Athenians hauing sent ayde to Olynthus did somewhat represse and hinder king Philips doings Wherevpon the people weare marueylous glad and thought they needed not now to deale any further for helping the Olynthians And so they slacked to contribute money or to sende supplies as though they had no more to doe And some there was that thought it good pollicie to call backe the armie from Olynthus to goe streight to Macedonie to vexe king Philip in his owne Countrie Wherevpon Demosthenes seeing what perill remayned to the afflicted Olynthians if they weare not thorowly ayded stept forth and rebuked the fonde ioy and vaine pride of his Countriemen for so smal cause and willed them to vse more temperatenesse and waryer dealings and not to looke only howe to be reuenged of king Philip but how they might best helpe their friendes and allies according as they had promised and to contribute more bountifully and to abrogate the former law of the Theater mony and now to employ it vpon Souldiours and men of warre And here he sheweth howe necessarie it is to cut king Philip short least he waxe so great hereafter that they shall not be able to deale with him And altogether he calleth vpon them to followe the example of their elders and to go to the warres in their owne persons and rebuketh the inconstancie and follie of the common people that thinks so soone as anye good fortune commeth towardes them or that they haue neuer so little aduauntage of their enimie that then all is their owne and that they neede not to trauaile anye farther And with the people he blameth the Orators and Counsellors that seekes onely to serue the peoples humor and so to marre all thereby in the ende In the thirde part of his Oration he setteth forth a patterne or shape of a good gouerned common weale shewing what the people should do abrode what at home and how euery man should priuately vse himselfe and howe daungerous persons in the common weale are those wicked Counsellors and licencious people that will follow their owne fansie and haue their owne will in all thinges And therefore he chydeth sharpely not onely the people but also the Magistrates that haue no better eye nor care to the prosperous estate and welfare of their Countrie ¶ The thirde Oration in fauour of the Olynthians I Cannot bee of the same minde O Athenians when I looke vppon mens doings that I am of when I regard the talke which I heare For the talke is altogither howe to bée reuenged of king Philip but their doinges are come to that poynt that we had néede to looke to our selues for feare we be preuented wyth some euill perswasion before hande For they that tell you those tales me thinks they doe euill in thys poynt that they séeke to put newe matters into your heade to remoue you from that you are minded vnto already But I knowe very well the
speake with a better will. And albeit I am in doubt and can not tell certainly what will happen vnto mée vpon this yet notwithstanding bicause I am most certaine that if you doe as I haue sayde it shall turne to your great ease I haue thought good therefore to tell you thus much And I pray God that thing may preuayle with you which shall be for the welfare of you all The Argument of the second Oration against king Philip of Macedonie DEmosthenes being afrayde to stirre the Athenians directly to warre for dread of the people being euill caried away by others that tolde them of the great charges that the warres do bring doth councell them to take heede of king Philip as of a suspected enimie And in no wise to trust his forged peace vnder shadow whereof he doth all the mischiefe he can And therfore he willeth them to loke well to their businesse and to trust to themselues making their people readie against all assayes bicause that king Philip doth nothing else but lye in wayte for them and all Greeceland besides to conquer them and to become a Tyraunt ouer them all And in shewing the maner and behauiour as well of them in their doings as of him in his doings he doth verie wisely bring in many likelyhoodes and euident profes as well concerning the disposition of king Philips owne person as of the Grecians in generall and so he maketh it a verie plaine and cleere matter that king Philip doth hate them deadly warning them for that cause not to trust his faire promises nor yet the profered kindnesse and fauour exhibited by Eschines and others For that king Philip hath most cruelly abused other cities and countries with such like craft and subtiltie And here he giueth a lesson fit at all tymes for all men liuing the which is this That there can bee no greater strength and assurance to a man than to be mistrustfull for according to Libanius report euen as money is the strength and sinewes of warre so is mistrustfulnesse the maintenance and safegarde of wisedome In the end he promiseth to giue king Philips Ambassadors their aunswere when they shall come in case they themselues doubt what aunswere to make vnto them but he sheweth not what he will say but leaueth that matter and falleth to inueigh agaynst those Traytors that are king Philips hyrelings and sheweth that their promises and king Philips present doings agree not togither and therefore plainely doth discifer king Philip to be their mortall enimie against whome he councelleth them to take armor in hande and to proclaime open warre for the better safegarde and defence of their whole estate and Countrie ¶ The second Oration against king Philip of Macedonie WHen any talke is O Athenians of king Philips doings and the outrages and violences that he committes contrary to the peace I perceyue you estéeme it to be both honest and reasonable And who soeuer will séeme to speake any thing against king Philip they shall be thought to speake as is fitte for them and yet for all that there is nothing in a maner done as it ought to be nor yet as should become them that haue so much tolde them as you haue For the worlde is come to this poynt with vs nowe that the more plainelye and cléerelye a man sheweth king Philip to haue broken peace with vs and to seke a conquest ouer al Grecelande so much the more daungerous it is to giue councell what weare best to be done And the reason is this bicause O Athenians all such as through violence and wrong couet more than in right they should doe ought to be daunted and kept backe with déedes and not with wordes onely And first of all we our selues that take vpon vs this place our woont is to forbeare councell and aduise in those poyntes for feare of your displeasure and in stéede of them we fall a discoursing vnto you of his doings howe daungerous howe weightie and how heynous they are and such like things And then you that be the hearers in vnderstanding and giuing eare to a mans tale be much more readie than king Philip is But when it commes to the withstanding of his doings that he is now in hand withall then you be altogither ydle and as colde in your doings as may be And therefore it falleth out to good reason and it must néedes be so to that looke in what things eyther of you both is most conuersant and traueyled in the selfe-same eche of you doth excell the other that is he in déedes and you in wordes And if so be you thinke it a goodlyer matter to speake more aptly to the purpose than he doth why that 's a thing easie ynough to do and it néedes no great traueile But if it stand vs vpon at this time to consider howe to amende things presently amisse least through our vnaduisednesse and ignoraunce the same go to ruyne and destruction more and more hereafter and least he shock vs with such a power as we shall not be able to encounter then are wée not to take that way of consulting togither as wée haue doone heretofore but as well all they that bée Orators as all you that be hearers must choose those things that be good and profitable and leaue the delitefull and pleasant And first of all if any man among you O Athenians is so foolehardy so rash that séeing how mightie a lord king Philip is makes reckoning for all that that this his stately greatnesse will bréed no harme nor daūger to our Citie neither yet that al that his preparation is ment agaynst you I do much marueile at him that so thinketh And therfore I pray you al heare me a while what I will say wey my reasons why I am not of your minde but rather thinke king Philip to be a deadly enimy vnto vs all to the intent that if I shall by good hap séeme to sée farther in him and to iudge of him more truly than others do you may follow mine aduise and councell But if these bold foolehardy fellowes such as haue so sound a beliefe trust in him sée farther and déeper than I do why then agrée you to them on Gods name First O Athenians I consider what countries king Philip hath vnited to himself since the peace cōcluded with vs namely the Pyles the Phoceyans And what then how hath he vsed them I pray you Mary he hath done for the cōmoditie of the Thebanes all that he could possible but for vs he hath done no one thing at all And why did he so forsooth bicause in bestowing his wittes howe to get and to bring all vnder his subiection without regarde of peace and quietnesse right or wrong he wisely doth consider and knowe right well that he is not able to winne our Citie or vs eyther as we haue hitherto liued by any corruption of gift to betraye anye of the
will I hide any thing from you Not to the intent to fall a rayling and taunting whereby to make you haue the like talke of me againe or to gyue them that euer since the beginning of the matter haue borne me a grudge a freshe occasion at this time to get money of king Philip no nor yet to kepe a styrre in vaine and to no purpose But I speake it bicause I know king Philips doings will gréeue you more hereafter than my sayings do at this time For I sée things are in a great forwardnesse Well I pray God I gesse not aright yea I feare me greatly they are ouernigh vs alreadie And then when it shall lye no more in our powers to remedie that which is fallen vpon vs nor that you shall haue eyther me or any other to tell you the treasons that are entended agaynst you but when you yourselues shall beholde all thinges with your eyes and knowe them to well then doe I thinke you will bée thorowly tormented and in a great chafe with your selues And I feare me least questionlesse these faultes of your Ambassadors guiltie to themselues euen in their consciences of briberie and corruption in these matters being concealed and passed ouer with silence the blame and displeasure thereof shall light vpon them that séeke all the meanes they can how to recouer and redresse the losses and hurtes receyued by them For I doe sée it ordinarily men wreake their anger not vpon the offenders but agaynst those that are vnder their power Wherefore nowe while wée staye and bée in a mammering harckening one to another I woulde haue euerye one of you although you are wise ynough of your selues to call to your remembraunce what he was that councelled you to giue ouer the Pyles and the Phoceyans Which places as soone as he was once possessed of he was streight wayes maister of the passages to Attica and Peloponnesus Whereby hée hath nowe brought you in that case that you are no more to consult howe to make warre for anye right and clayme belonging vnto you or howe to dispose of forreyne prouinces and matters abroade but howe to deliberate vppon warre when it shall come wythin our owne Countrie and within Attica it selfe Which time whensoeuer it shall come it will be a bitter season to you all And yet was this euill set abroche euen that verye day when the Pyles were giuen vnto him For if you had not then béene deceyued and so abused this Citie had not had this businesse nor thys adoe that wee nowe haue For neyther shoulde King Philip lyke a Conquerour by Sea come with his nauie into Athens neyther yet shoulde he by lande euer haue béene able to haue passed ouer the Pyles and the Phoceyans but eyther he shoulde haue béene fayne to haue kept all couenauntes and béene at peace and quietnesse or else to haue fallen by and by into the like warre which he was in before he sought for making of the peace These thinges therefore may suffice for me nowe to haue sayde vnto you to put you in remembraunce withall And yet be it farre from mée and God forbid it also that we shoulde enter ouer narrowly into the searching and sifting of these thinges For in déede I for my part woulde not that anye man although hée weare worthie to dye should suffer smart and punishment to the common daunger and perill of all men The Argument vpon the third Oration against king Philip of Macedonie FOr as muche as king Philip being in league with the Athenians did in wordes onely keepe peace and in deedes wrought them much mischiefe Demosthenes doth exhort all Grecelande to withstande his violent dealinges and to cutte of his great rodes and inuasions made euery where showing that it is nowe high time for them so to doe if they will eschue perpetuall seruitude and bondage for euer And for this purpose he bringeth examples of their Auncestours that those Cities that gouerned by Tyrannie lost their state for that the Grecyans coulde neuer abide vniust gouernement nor any grieuous vsurped aucthoritie Moreouer he takes on marueylously agaynst Traytours and reherseth certaine sharpe and seuere lawes made in that behalfe wherein he maketh report of a notable example executed vpon a certain banished and outlawed straunger And last of all he sheweth how king Philip hath gotten many other Cities and townes through treason onely And therefore hee warneth them not to trust these fellowes that speake in king Philips fauour And in this Oration hee sheweth that those men are the cause of all mischiefe that seeke to winne fauour and grace of others for the atchieuing of a state or kingdome the which he proueth manifestly that king Philip hath wrought and sought by all meanes possible to doe And therfore he giueth his Countrimen councell to take armour in hande and to beate downe king Philips ambicious attemptes considering the daunger wherein not onely they themselues doe stande but all the lande of Grece besydes ¶ The thirde Oration against king Philip of Macedonie ALbeit much talke hath beene vsed O Athenians yea almost in euery assembly of those great wrongs that king Philip hath done since the peace concluded not onely to you but also to all Greceland besides and that I sée all men can not choose but confesse altho in déede they doe not so yet that it is very néedefull for vs to agrée both to say and doe all things wherby at the length he may leaue this his violent vsage and féele the smart of these his wrong doings yet for all that I sée all thinges come to that poynt and so farre ouerpast that I feare mée altho it be counted a slaunder yet it shall be true which I will saye that if all they that come vp into this place would say the worde and you holde vp your handes to the same how to bring things into the worst pickle that might be yet to order them worse than they be now I thinke it weare impossible And perhaps there be many causes why things are thus and it is not one or two causes that haue made our state so euill But most of all if things be well examined ye shall find the fault to be in them who vse their talke so as to benifite themselues rather than to do you any good therby of whom there are some O Athenians so as they may kéepe themselues in estimation and aucthoritie still neither care themselues what may followe afterwardes neyther yet thinke they that you doe Other some againe do nothing else but with slaundering and accusing those that be in office séeke how to make our Citie a plague to it selfe and to kéepe our selues occupied aboute that And that in the meane season king Philip he may haue libertie to doe and say what he list And this is the maner of your gouernment and a thing you were woont to vse but yet it is the cause of great
armed souldiers goeth whither he will but with a retinue of light horsmen and hired archers And then hauing such fellowes at hand his maner is where he sées men at sedition and trouble among themselues that for priuate faction and mistrust one to another no man dares issue oute for his Countrie there he rushes mée in vppon them and hauing his engines with him layes streyght siege to their Townes And I tell you not here howe all is one to him whether he warre in Winter or in Sommer and howe he makes no choyse of the season when to leaue of from dooing his businesse Wherefore seing you all doe knowe and consider this well ynough it were good that ye suffered not the enimie to bring the warres into our owne Countrie least following that foolishe and simple order of the Lacedemonians warres ye bring your selues to some great mischiefe ynough to break your necks withall But you must very circumspectly or ere things approch vpon vs beware aswel by your doings as by your preparation and looke wel to him that he stirre not from home and that wée be not fought withall by him hand to hand For why to maintaine the warres we haue many wayes aduauntage of him O Athenians so we would but doe as we ought to doe The verie nature of his countrie a good part whereof we maye ransacke and annoye and tenne thousande aduauntages besides But as for the fight he is farre better exercised in it than we are Neyther is it ynough to withstande him abrode with sworde and armour but ye must doe it also by reason and vnderstandinge persecuting all such as amongest you speake on his side assuring our selues that we shall neuer ouercome our enimie abrode till we haue punished his ministers here at home And that thing so farre as I can sée before God and all his Saintes you be neyther able nor willing to doe but you are come to such foolishnesse or rather madnesse or I wot néere what to tearme it for oftentimes it commes in my minde to be adrad least some spirite or fatall destinie doe chase and persecute our doinges that eyther for rayling or enuie or scoffing or some other trifling matter you make a sight of hirelings to come vp and speake in this place of whome there are some that cannot disavowe nor denie themselues to bée suche men and then you make a sport of it when they fall a rayling vpon men And yet this is no great matter neyther although it be a great matter in déede For you suffer such to gouerne with more safetie than they that speake for your welfare And yet marke what great mischiefe commeth hereof bicause you will giue eare vnto such men I will tell you their doings which you all shall well perceyue At Olynthus there weare some men of authoritie in the common weale who fauoured king Philip and weare his ministers in all thinges they coulde doe Others did all for the best procuring al they could that their countrimen should not be brought to slauerie Which of them say you destroyed their countrie or who betrayed the horsemen wherevpon the Citie of Olynthus was destroyed and vndone Certainly that did they that weare on king Philips side who as long as the Citie stoode did so slaunder and picke quarrels agaynst them that spake best for you that at the length they perswaded the Commons of Olynthus to banishe Apollonides Now thinke you that this custome was the cause of all the mischiefe onely in Olynthus and no where else Nay it was so in Eretria to for there after the departure of Plutarchus the forreine souldiors when the people ruled the towne and goulfe therof some would be vnder vs and some vnder king Philip. To these the miserable and vnhappie Eretrians giuing eare in many things or rather in al they were at length perswaded to thrust out such as spake of their own side And yet for all that king Philip theyr friend and allie sendes me vnto them Hipponicus with a thousand strauÌ„gers bet downe the walles of their goulfe placing there thrée tyrants Hipparchus Automedon Clytarchus after this draue theÌ„ twise out of their own couÌ„try when now they would gladly haue bene in safety sending thither the straungers that were with Eurilochus after that again those that were with ParmenioÌ„ What nede I to heape vp many examples at the towne of Oreum were not Philistides Menippus Socrates Thoas and Agapeus practisers for king Philip who now haue the City in their handes And this was knowne to all men But to tell how one Euphraeus a man that dwelt here somtymes and traueiled for their fréedome that they should not come in bondage to any body was iniuried and railed vpon by the commons of the Oreteynes it would aske a long tyme of talke The yeare before the sayd towne was taken he vnderstanding theyr practises appeached Philistides and his complices of highe treason whervpon many men coÌ„spiring and assembling themselues hauing Philip their pursebearer being guided by his instructions caried me away Euphraeus to prison as a disturber of the common weale Which thing the coÌ„mons of the Oreteynes seing in stéede of assisting him and tormenting them they shewed them selues not offended at all with them and as for him they thought he was worthily punished reioyced at it But afterwards these fellowes béeing in such aucthoritie as they wished they wrought a practise to take the towne by and brought the same to passe And then the Commons if any of them vnderstood the matter they held their peace like people amazed remembring how Euphraeus was handled Yea in such miserable state weare those men brought that none durst open his mouth in that extréemitie till the army that was prepared came euen to their walles And then some of them defended the town and others betrayed it And thus the towne being fowly and euill fauoredly lost these fellowes are become Princes and play the tyraunts ouer such as earst preserued both themselues Euphraeus too being men ready to do any thing when they had banished some put to death some others And that same Euphraeus being in prison killed himself witnessing by such a déede that he had iustly and sincerely withstoode King Philip in the quarrell of his Countrimen But now perhaps euery one of you doth wonder and maruaile how it commes to passe that the Olynthians Eretrians the Oretâ—ynes haue more fauored king Philips friends partakers then their own patrones and defenders euen in like sort as you do The cause is this those that speake for the best can not at al times tell you that the which shall please you no though they would For why it lyes them vpon to coÌ„sider what shall be for your preseruation wheras these others while they tell you a faire tale and curry fauell with you brue altogither for king Philip. They required of euery
and extréeme daunger as he doth that his longing is not rather to the hauens of Athens their Arsenales their Galleies their workes of siluer mynes their huge reuenewes their territorie and honour wherof God graunt that neither he nor any other may at any time be Lord Maister after that he hath brought our Citie into subiection or that he would suffer you to enioy all these things and he himselfe be contented to winter in a Dungeon for the getting of Tares Fatches and Panyke that are in the Caues of Thracia It can not be so but it is the getting of these things into his handes for which both those and all other his practises be And thus much it is reason euerye man should know and be resolued of in himselfe and not to require him in good fayth that should giue you the best councell in all rightfull causes to subscribe to the decrée for making of warre For that weare the part of them that would faine find one to whom they might picke a quarrell and not of them that mynded the thing that should bée for the wealth of this Citie For marke you well whereas Philip hath broken the peace concluded once twise thrise for many a time one after another hath he so done if for these so often breaches a man had decréed to make warre vpon him and he had ayded the Cardians in lyke maner as he nowe doth when none of the Athenians decréeth warre thinke you that he which had made this decrée should not haue bene pulled out by the eares and would not all men haue quarreled that Philip had ayded the Cardians for this cause Therefore séeke you not whome to hate for King Philips faultes and to deliuer vp into the handes of his brybed hirelings to be pulled in péeces Neyther is it méete when you shall haue once agréed vpon warre to call the matter againe in question and to be at contention among your selues whether it weare néedefull for you to haue done this thing or no. But in like maner as he doth make warre vpon you so make you your defence by giuing your money and other thinges necessarie to them that be nowe at warres with him and your selues by contributing and preparing of an armie swift Galleyes horses and vesselles for transporting of them and all other thinges belonging to the warres For as we nowe vse thinges it is a plaine mockerie and I beléeue verily so God helpe me that king Philip himselfe would neuer wishe of God that ye should doe otherwise than ye now doe you come euer to short in your businesse you spende money you séeke out whome to giue the charge of your businesse vnto you brawle you chafe you accuse one another And whereof all these thinges doe ryse you shall heare of me and I will shew you againe how to remedie all that is amisse I must tell you plaine O Athenians you did neuer looke well to your dooings from the beginning neyther did prouide any thing rightfully and orderly as you ought to doe but are guided alwayes by the euent and falling out of thinges and when you sée your selues ouer taken or come to late than you take your rest Againe if any other thing doe happen you prepare your selues and make a great styrre whereas you should not so doe For it can not be that you shall euer doe any thing well by sending of supplies and ayde But when you haue prepared an armie and gotten sufficient prouision of vittayles for the same and appointed common officers ouer your treasure and as much as may be séene that your money bée in safe kéeping when I say you haue this done then must you take an account of the Treasurers howe they haue bestowed their money and of your Generall for matters of warre and leaue him no occasion or pretence to sayle any other where or to take any other matters in hande And thus dooing and shewing your selues willing then shall you in déede compell king Philip to kéepe the peace vprightly and tarie at his owne home or else you shall be sure to deale with him vpon euen hande And peraduenture it may so come to passe that euen as you nowe are woont to aske what doth king Philip which way goeth he with his armie euen so will he be carefull which way your armie is gone where you will make your entrie and discouer your selues Now if any man thinke it very chargeable and painfull to bring these matters to passe surely he thinketh right well and with good reason But and he will consider what will become of this Citie hereafter if in case wée will not so doe he shall then finde and sée how profitable a thing it is when a man must néedes doe a thing to doe it with a good will. For although God himselfe would be our suretie and warrant vs as in déede it passeth mans power sufficieÌ„tly to assure vs in such a matter as this is that though we would liue at rest let all things alone as men carelesse which way the worlde went and that king Philip for all that would not inuade vs himselfe yet notwithstanding it weare a fowle rebuke to vs before God and a dishonourable dealing for this Citie and a thing vnfit for the renowne of the noble actes of our predecessors that all other Grecians should through the lythernesse and negligence of vs be brought into extréeme bondage and slauerie and for my part I had rather die the death outright then I would once say the worde or giue â—ny consent therevnto Howbeit if any other man will so councell you and perswade you to it be it for me defende not your selues let all things go to wracke and spoyle But for as much as there is no bodie of that minde and we all know the contrary alreadie howe that we shall haue king Philip so much the harder and mightier enimie the greater Prince that we suffer him to be why be we so backwardes wherevpon linger we and when will we dispose our selues O Athenians to do that which in reason we ought to doe shall it bée on Gods name when very néede shall driue vs therevnto well and you meane such néede as any frée borne man would terme to be néede the same not onely is nowe present but it is also gone and past a great while since But such as bonde men and slaues terme néede I pray God blesse vs from that And what difference is betwéene them I pray you mary thus much Shame and rebuke of euill dooings is the greatest necessitie that can be layde vppon those that be frée men than the which I knowe none greater But the greatest inforcement to a slaue that can bée is stripes and scotching or mangling of his bodie the which God kéepe vs from and let vs not so much as once speake of it And nowe O Athenians for you to shewe your selues so slowe in
those things wherein euery man is bounde to serue both with his bodie and goodes surely that is not well no God knowes it is farre wide Howbeit there may be some excuse made for it Marie in that you be not willing to giue eare to that which might be told you should be fitte for you to receyue councell in surely that is altogither worthie of blame in you For it is your custome neuer to heare of the matter till things be come euen vppon you as it is now Neyther will you take coūcel of any matter so long as you be in quietnesse but when Philip maketh preparation against you than do you neglecting to do the same in like maner to prepare against him sit still ydlely And who so euer telleth you of it you thrust him out streight Againe when you heare of any place lost or besieged then you begin to hearken and buckle to armor where as your fittest tyme had béene to haue giuen eare euē then to haue taken councel when you weare most vnwilling And that preparation which you had made to put in practise and execution euen nowe at this present when you make it your tyme of consultation So that by this your maner of dealing you onely amongst all others doe things cleane contrary to all the worlde For all other folkes vse to take councell before thinges be in doing whereas you begin to deale when all is done Nowe therefore that thing which remayneth to be sayde and should haue bene done long before and yet there is no time to late nowe neyther I will shewe the same vnto you Of all things in the worlde our Citie hath néede of none so much for these matters that be euen at hande as of money And fortune of hir selfe hath offered vs good lucke which if we can vse well there may perhappes some méete thing be done First and formost suche as the king of Persia puttes hys trust in and hath taken to be his benefactor sthey do hate Philip and be at warre with him Again he that was all in all and priuie with Philips practises agaynst the Persian the same man is nowe taken away from his charge And the Persian shall heare al his practises not by any of our cōplaints in which case he might suspect vs to speake for our owne profite but by him that was himselfe the aucthor and chiefe minister there in so that our accusasion shal cary the more credite with it and your Ambassadours talke shall be such hereafter as the king will heare it to his very great delyte and pleasure that he who hurteth vs both shall be reuenged of vs both and also that King Philip shall be a much more terrible enimie to the Persian if he first set vpon vs For should we be once forsaken and distressed he would then without feare marche towardes him And for all these causes I thinke it good that you doe dispatch Ambassadors to treate with the king of Persia and lay away these simple and slender reasons of your owne whereby you haue béene so oftentymes hindered as those The Persian he is a Barbarian so he is forsooth and a common enimy to al men and al the lyke talke Nowe surely I for my part when I sée a man stande in great feare of him that dwelles at Susae and Ecbatana and beare vs in hand that he is enimy to this country who both heretofore hath holpen the matters of our City that weare out of frame nowe also hath promised vs his ayde which his offer if you did not receyue but refused it by common decrée he is not to be blamed therfore And yet the same man to report otherwise of that errant rouer of the Gréekes who is risen aloft hard by our noses euen at our owne gates within the verye hart of Greece at him do I much marueile and that man feare I whosoeuer he be bicause he feareth not Philip. There is an other thing plagues this City besides al this which is cast abrode vpon a certain vniust slaunder vncomly talke of men and besides that giueth an excuse cloke to such as be not willing to doe their duties within the Citie and of all those things that are wanting when that want shoulde be supplied by anye bodie you shall finde the blame layde on this thing Whereof albeit I am greatly adradde to speake yet for all that I will tell you my mind and I hope I shal haue good matter to speake of for the profite of the Citie aswel on the behalfe of the poore to the rich as for them that haue substaunce to the néedie so that we remooue those slaunderous reports which certaine men do spreade abrode vpon no iust cause touching the theater charges or stage money and also if we woulde cast away this feare that this thing will not be stayed without some great mischiefe than which thing I thinke there can be nothing more for our profit nor generally more for the preseruation and establishment of this Citie Consider the matter thus with your selues Albeit first of all I will speake of them that are the poorer sort The time was and that not long ago neyther when the reuenues of this Citie weare not aboue a hundred thirtie talents and yet there was no man that was able to mainteine a Galley at his owne proper charges or to pay any taxe or tallage that grudged to doe his dutie for want of money But there weare Galleyes set foorth and they made money in good tyme and all things were done as they should be After this by good lucke the common reuenew of the Citie encreased and in stéed of one hundred there came in foure hundred talents and yet was no man pinched in his goodes or lost any thing but rather got by it For why the rich wealthie men came to haue their part of it and good reason Then what ayleth vs that we hit one another in the téeth and vnder a cloke therof resist to do our duties Vnlesse it be so that we doe enuie the offered ayde that fortune sendeth to the poore whome neyther I my selfe doe blame nor yet would haue others to finde fault with them For euen in priuate families and housholdes I cannot sée the yonger sort to be of that disposition towardes their elders nor any so out of order or so foolish that if any bodie doe not so much as himselfe he will therefore say that he will doe nothing neyther Such a fellowe surely should then féele the daunger of the lawes prouided agaynst euill handling of our elders For I think euery man is bound of right to yéeld that dutie willingly of his owne accorde towards his parents which both nature and lawe haue ordeyned And as euery one of vs particularly hath a father so ought we all to thinke that all the Citizens are commō parents of the whole
thought to haue had some familiaritie which Courtisan asked him for the reward of hir loue 300. pound starling whervpō he being amazed at hir shameles demaund was cooled and sayd Ladie I doe not minde to buye my repentance so deare as for the pleasure of a little bulbiting to haue a pinching and sharpe displeasure for the same Meaning that all such as follow vnhonest pleasures in such sort doe repent themselues afterwards almost to their graue A certaine Damosell receyued certaine money to kéepe for two straungers that went out of towne with this condition that shée shoulde deliuer the same money to them both ioyntly Afterwards it happened that one of them came home colourably as a mourner for his fellowe that was deade and brought as it should séeme a false testimoniall thereof and so deceyuing the yong woman got all the money to himselfe Now when this money was payde the other fellow commes in the necke thereof and demaundes the money that he left with hir in trust The poore woman was out of hir wittes and coulde not tell in the world what aunswere to make wherevpon Demosthenes séeing hir in dispayre tooke the matter in hand and thus he began to saye for hir This woman is readie sirha to pay you the money that you put hir in trust withall but except you bring your fellow she cannot pay it bicause as you know your selfe the agréement was betwixt you that the money should not be payd to the one without the other And therefore bring your fellow and you shall haue it otherwise you are lyke to haue none at hir handes And by this wise sleightie deuise he saued the poore woman from vndoing and auoided the falsehoode of those varlets that betwixt themselues had packed to haue this money twise payde them Being asked what was the chiefe thing in eloquence hée aunswered pronunciation and asked what was the seconde he sayde pronunciation and further asked what was the third he made none other aunswere but still pronunciation signifying hereby that none can euer be an excellent Orator that hath not the gift of vtteraunce by nature or at the leastwise attayned therevnto by industrie and trauaile and that all other skill in the profession of eloquence is but vaine if this one thing bée wanting On a time when one scoulded with him maruellously and vsed vnséemely spéech he sayd thus I am entered into a match with one wherein he that preuayleth hath the worste and hée that is ouercome hath the best signifying that it is better yéelding to a rayling verlet than to contend with him in babling and fowle language Thus I haue giuen you a tast of certaine his aunsweres whereby both his myrth and pleasauntnesse haue somewhat appeared and the quicknesse of his witte made notorious Nowe will I shew howe good a man he was towards his Countrie and how faythfully he defended the libertie thereof deuising the assurance of it euen to his ende And therefore not onely did he speake most boldly to the people in rebuking their disorders and withstanding their vnlawfull desires but also in denying flatly vnto them that which he was charged to do for as Theopompus wryteth when he was chosen to be an accuser of one and to burthen him with surmises he would not do it for any thing they could doe and when the people were in a hurly burly for it he sayde thus O you people of Athens you shall haue me to be your Counsellor and to aduise you the best I can whether you will or no but to be an accuser or slaunderer of men that shall you not haue mée to bée althoughe you would neuer so faine Whom he knew to be faultie he spared not to charge them to their faces whatsoeuer they weare and namelye Antiphon a man of great aucthoritie whome he caused to be taken and to be arreyned of high treason in spite of the people amongest whom he was very well estéemed And he layde so hard to his charge before the Iudges of the Areopagus to haue promised vnto king Philip to sette their nauie on fire as he was thervpon found guiltie and so suffered death for it with others that were of his conspiracie Yea he was so iealous of the state not only agaynst some of his owne country but also agaynst forreyners that he was neuer at rest but euer busie in charging one or other when good cause mooued him Especially he did so much mistrust king Philip of Macedonie that although there was peace betwixt him and Athens yet would he euer be harping at him for euery matter and thrust diuers things into their heads to warne them still to take héede of him Which king Philip did know very well and therefore hated him aboue all others and yet sought to winne him if it weare possible to be on his side as he did Aeschines and others but he could neuer by any meanes in the worlde get him to like well of him And therefore when the breach of peace was lyke to be bicause that neyther king Philip could be at rest and the people of Athens were maruellously encensed by Demosthenes agaynst him he did stirre the Athenians to attempt Euboia which was gouerned by king Philips Tyraunts And so they making thither by sea vpon Demosthenes decrée did expell from thence all king Philips officers and subiects Again he caused those of Constantinople to be holpen and the Perinthians also agaynst the force of king Philip perswading the people to loue one another and to helpe their allies and confederates by whome they haue béene heretofore preserued Moreouer what with sending Ambassages and calling the Gréekes into societie of warre with them and styrring them to be doyng he brought the matter to this poynt that all the Gréekes a fewe excepted were in confederacie agaynst king Philip. And now when all these were in league that is to wit the Euboians the Achaians the Corinthians Megarensians Leucadians and those of Corfu there remayned onely for Demosthenes this matter in hande to bring the Thebanes to be in league also with Athens who had lande nigh to Atticke and sufficient power and weare counted the valiauntest warriours amongest all the Gréekes Neyther was it a matter easy for him to doe bicause the Thebanes had freshly then receyued great pleasure from king Philip in the warres agaynst the Phoceians and weare still like to stande in néede of him for that there was euer like to be controuersie and debate betwixt the Phoceians and them the landes and territories adioyning so nighe the one to the other as they did Yet for all that when king Philip being puffed vp with the successe of Amphissa had gotten Phocis and had vpon the sodaine set vpon Eliteum wherwith the Athenians weare maruellously astonied and that no man durst steppe forth to speake his minde as people in dispaire and not knowing what to do onely Demosthenes when
feare of God. Pausanias report vpon Homere and Demosthenes in his second booke of the description of all Grecia WIthin the Temple of Neptune there is a monument of Demosthenes vpon the which man chiefly as vpon Homere in tymes past fortune séemeth to haue shewed hir great spite and malice For Homere besides the losse of his eye sight felt an other great harme the which was extréeme beggerie whereby he was forced to traueyle the wide worlde asking his almose of euery bodie Demosthenes againe being an aged man was driuen to abide the smarts of banishment and besides that dyed a violent death Vpon the which matter like as diuers other haue spoken and written much so Demosthenes himselfe hath sayd his minde verie largely And touching the money that Harpalus brought from Asia without doubt he had not one pennie of it And so proueth by coniectures at large the likelihoode thereof so that it shoulde seeme by Pausanias saying that he was wrongfully and vniustly charged with taking of that massie golden cup and the xx talents in it as is before declared in the description and report made of his life Euripides in phoenissis * King Philip he meaneth In weightie affayres of the State men shoulde not spare any mony to haue wise and faithfull counsell * Sodeyne motions and enforcements of the mind do often breake out eyther for great good or great euill * It is more easy to allowe wyse councell than to deuise it * OccasioÌ„ giuen is a warning sent from God the which cannot be omitted without great daunger * It is scant credible that any man will forget his owne welfare Domesticall souldiers better than forreyne hyrelings Craftie men waÌ„t no meanes to compasse their deuises seking all the way that maye be to haue their will and offering to serue the humor of others for their owne purpose The presence of the Prince doth speede his affayres Men had then neede to watch when they are in daunger of vniuersall ruine and destruction Happie is he whom an other mans harme doth make wise Ambicious Princes are euill neighbors to their inferiours Take tyme while time is for time will away Present occasion offred and vnlooked for Whose destruction is most certaine if they be â—uercome and the reconciling with the enimie most daungerous their inconstancie is not to be suspected for continuaunce of amitie Examples of foreflowing things and the losse of occasion offered Amphipolis â— Citie betwixt Macedonie and Thracia â–ª Pidna a towne of Macedonie Potidea a towne in Thracia Methona a towne in Achaia Pegase a towâ— of Thessalia New occasion offered vpon rehearsall of other occasions lost Olynthians desire present ayde Offers made that may be receyued are as much to be estemed as the present and absolute possession of things Men ought as well to bee thankfull for that which they haue not and yet eyther once had or might haue had as they haue cause to giue thankes for that which they haue in their possession and keping * As things fall out so doth the common sort iudge esteeming thinges fondly by the euent and not looking of the cause They are to be defended wyth all care whose destruction shall be their vndoing that are desired to help if they doe not sende ayde in tyme. Illirians and Peonians people next adioyning to Macecedony Italy and Germanye Arymba king of the Molessians and vncle to Olympiades king Philips wâ—fe whom he did not forbere to molest notwithstanding the alliaunce and kindred * Neglecting euen of priuate causes verye daungerous to a state He that mindeth to conquer must be careful Mony borowed vpon vsurye bringeth misery although for a tyme it seeme pleasaunt For a short pleasure long displeasure repentance is the hyre Priuate losse must be susteyned for coÌ„mon weales behoofe Negligence in Magistrates a thing moste daungerous to a state * The custom in Athens was to haue a Table hung vp conteyning the matter of their present assemblie and wherof the Orators spake and they that woulde haue any thing to passe did subscribe their mindes in the Table The common treasure was wont to be speÌ„t vpon the common people in making of feastes and seting forth of shewes games stage playes and paying for the standings that the pooreâ— sort had * Money doth much I will not say all King Philips force made greater by common brute than it is in deede Thessalians vnfaythfull people and full of treacherie * King Philip he meaneth Immoderate welth causeth pryde pryde bringeth hatred hatred worketh rebellion rebellion maketh an alteration chaungeth kingdoms That which the enimy would doe to vs when he might we should not refuse to doe vnto him agayne when we may Better offende than defende Thebanes will take part with the stronger Phoceyans of small force Fonde speach vsed lythe â—â—â—non simple soules At Amphipolis Better to annoy by offence than to stand at defence and to begin warre than to withstand warre Occasion is a commoditie offered for a thing to be well done and therfore not to bee forslowed without great perill King Philips force what it is Good kinges growne mighty are to be drad and feard Amphipolis The secret and close matter was the deliuering vp of Potidia Olynthians Thessalians Libertie sweete and desired of all men Things wrongfully gotten haue none assuraunce A similitude declaring that falsehoode hath no continuance Deedes â–ª perswade more than wordes Shew me the man and not the meate He that will needes styrre affections in others must first shew the same passion in himselfe Tymotheus Thessalians oppressed with the tyrannie of one Alenus a noble man amongst them whose children succeeded and vsed the same crueltie beyng weary of such bondage desired king Philipe ayde to banishe them the steâ—e who so doyng receyued in gift for his labor the custome and tolle of all their marchandizes trafick Diuersitie of disposition betwixt the prince and subiectes breedes dissention and causeth hatred often to ensue Whom the people doe not well brooke his state can not long stand King Philips nature * Cordacisinus a filthy daunce vsed among the Grecians Naughty packs make euill men the more bolde and flatterers make fooles the more fonde Callias Such is euery one as the companie is that he kepes Whose doyngs are lewde his lyfe is in daunger Welfare couereth those vices that by aduersitie are discouered A similitude declaring that inward griefes doe then breake out in euerye countrie when the warres are at home amoÌ„gst them and they fought withall at their owne doores He calleth it fortune in good part and meaneth the grace of God that giues successe to all our actions Gods goodnes worketh all in all The painefull man beareth away the garlande The creeping and slow Crab can neuer out go the swift and wight Hare Thinges loâ—â— by much lethernesse must be recouered againe by greâ—â— diligence according to the prouerbe Of contraries there is one the selfe same doctrine â–ª As
the hils Thermopylae which hils were so named of the hote baynes nighe vnto theÌ„ And those states were twelue in number Oreâ—m How Lorio A notable similitude declaring the nature of lyther carelesse people Ambracia now Larta Leucas nowe saint Meura Nanpactum now Lepontus Etolia a countrie betwixt Acarnania and Phocis Echinus in the geulfe of Dollo in Macedonie Bizance nowe CoÌ„stantinople in Romania Cardia in Thracia Cherronesus Where couetousnesse reigneth and licencicus liuing is vsed there is destruction one of another and small care had of the common weale The soundnes and vpright dealing of the auncient Grecians in times past Bribe takers and corrupt receyuers of gifts hated among the Grecians and sharpely punished Councellours vncorrupted The corruption and naughtinesse in bribe takers Acropolis the name of the Tower or Castle of Athens A seuere and auncient vsage of vanishing a traytor by the example of one Arthmius a Zelite not much vnlike to baffeling vsed in the Scottish borders Reade Graftons Cronicle 5. Hen. 8. This Aâ—thenius was employed to win men with briberie corruption and so he brought great summes of golde from Medea to Peloponesus a part of Grece and yet not vnder Athens Bribes brought to Peloponesus offended the Athenians as muche as though they themselues had bene offered bribes and touched with corruption The auncient Grecians thought themselues bound in conscience to tender the preseruation of all Greceland not onely of their owne seuerall state or couÌ„try In time of dauÌ„ger and especially wheÌ„ neighbors and friendes are negligent and carelesse it weare good for men to looke well and circumspectly to themselues The lesse one feareth his enimie the nigher he is to his own harme The order of warfare cleane altered and in stede of plaine dealing deceyte vsed and all sleyghts that may be both deuised and practised King Philip most painfull sparing for no weather to doe his indeuour Daungerous to fight with out enimye at our owne doores Better to begin warres than to abide warres Home enimies the worst people liuing and an euill cherishing it is of a Serpent in a mans bosome Euill men gouerne with better safetie than good men Olynthians Examples of practised treasons Apollonides banished being a faythfull subiect Eretria Plutarchus a Capitaine Porthmus a Creeke or Goulfe of the Sea that may easily be passed Hipponicus being sent by king Philip to ayde the Gretrians tooke their town and countrie afterwardes for his maysters vse Hipparchus Automedon Clytarchus Eurilocus Parmenion Oreum nowe called Loreo Philistides Menippus Socrates Thoas Agapeus Philistides accused of treason by Euphreus Enphreus suffered to be caried to prison by theÌ„ that weare for king Philip and despited euen then of hys owne countrimen The sharpe punishing euill handling of one good man makes many other good men afrayde Erphreus â—emented the euil of his countrie and beeing in prison not able to redresse things amisse did kil himself The reason why traytours and flatterers are better lyked than are the iust and true meaning Counsellors The demaund of good men for their countries weale the deniall vsed by flatterers to the hurt thereof Aduice and councell to go before mens actions God graunt vnto England many such true faythfull stowte and wise counsellors as was Demosthenes to Athens Oriteynes abvsed and pitifulâ—y tormented by king Philip. Clytarchus Olynthians deceyued by king Philip of their hope and promised pardon Take heede of Had I wyst Olynthians wise a day after the fayre Oriteynes beaten wyth their owne rodde Phoceyans come to had I wist An apt similitude to warne men to be wise in time and to take paines when neede requires The summe of Demosthenes aduice councell for warres to be had and the preparation thereof Athenians being the chiefest and worthiest GreciaÌ„s aboue all others neuer yeelded to any seuerall subiection or bondage Ambassadors needefull to be sent abrode in tyme of warre to all parts * Winning of time and delayes are profitable sometimes Demosthenes Polieuctus Hegesippus Clytomachus Lycurgus with others sent Ambassadors to Morea and the good that they did therby in staying of king Philip from thence and other places beside * Ambracia nâ—w Lacta Good for the Athenians as chiefest among the Grecians to beginne first their warres and then to call others to ioyne in league and felowship of war with them Such as are careles in their owne causes hardily finde others to bee carefull for them Negligence lost Athens Not wordes but armor must kepe king Philip vnder Ambicious persons cherished by king Philip. Corrupt officers neuer want matter to satisfie theyr corrupt myndes Mandragora of two sortes black and white bearing apples low vpon the grouÌ„d hauing no such roote as is fondlye ymagined but of vertue to cast one into so heauie a sleepe that being lauÌ„ced or burned he shall not fele the griefe Athenians contemned for their slouthfulnesse As a Feuer Hectyke is sonâ— cured at the first and hardly knowne but being growne is hardly cured easily perceyued so it fareth in the affayres of this world that things may sonâ— be remedied at the beginning if they weare espied whereas afterwards being suffered and knowne they do waxe incurable Elis now Beluedere in Morea He meaneth for that they had peace such questioning there was as though it had beene nedelesse to speake when all things were well and quiet King Philip hateth euen the verie religion of Athens Such as liue in libertie cannot brooke tiranny Athenians apt by nature to helpe the afflicted King Philip myndeth nothing more than the destruction of Athens * Panyke a kind of pulses not vnlike to Millet with a long stalke full of ioyntes in the top whereof groweth an ear full of little yellow seedes as small as Mustard seede but not so rounde being of little nourishment for man yet verye good for small birdes to feede vpon and to faâ— them withall King Philips chiefe drift to get Athens * High time for the Athenians to proclayme warre with one consent and to go also to the warres themselues in person Daungerous for any one man to subscribe to the Table for making of warre if the people did not allowe of it and therefore euery one forbare for feare of vndooing to enact or vnder-write to the Table but woulde rather it should be the whole peoples decere and act King Philip findeth the Athenians to be as he woulde haue them for his purpose Athenians carelesse of their doings till daunger appeared The Treasure must be looked vnto and kept in safetie Nothing well done that is not willingly done Our neighbours harme should be our griefe and carefull ought we to be ouer them God graunt England many such Counsellours The greater our enimy groweth the more we decay They that will not so muche as heare councell giuen them are persons inexcusable and nighest their last vndoing To prouide before hande is most wisedome that things being in a readinesse the same may be put in execution vpon the