conceal_v his_o meaning_n in_o such_o sort_n that_o the_o auditor_n understand_v one_o thing_n and_o he_o another_o this_o be_v that_o verbal_a equivocation_n which_o among_o some_o other_o casuist_n and_o scholastics_n the_o jesuit_n especial_o maintain_v and_o practice_v example_n whereof_o be_v most_o frequent_o find_v in_o assertory_n oath_n because_o by_o their_o doctrine_n the_o chief_a use_n of_o this_o equivocation_n be_v when_o a_o man_n examine_v by_o a_o impotent_a judge_n or_o not_o legal_o or_o have_v some_o other_o reason_n to_o dissemble_v the_o truth_n fit_v the_o word_n uâ—to_fw-mi his_o occasion_n by_o change_v their_o genuine_a sense_n into_o one_o more_o strain_v and_o remote_a from_o the_o matter_n in_o question_n as_o if_o a_o jesuit_n apprehend_v shall_v swear_v that_o he_o be_v a_o smith_n mean_v that_o his_o name_n be_v smith_n or_o a_o apprentice_n command_v to_o tell_v where_o his_o master_n be_v shall_v swear_v he_o die_v a_o month_n ago_o mean_v that_o he_o then_o die_v stocking_n the_o like_a may_v happen_v in_o promissory_a oath_n as_o if_o a_o general_n have_v make_v a_o truce_n with_o a_o enemy_n for_o ten_o day_n shall_v give_v he_o a_o camifado_n because_o in_o the_o capitulation_n mention_n be_v make_v of_o the_o day_n only_o not_o of_o the_o night_n livy_n and_o other_o relate_v the_o story_n of_o the_o ten_o roman_n take_v by_o hannibal_n and_o after_o they_o have_v swear_v upon_o certain_a condition_n to_o return_v unto_o his_o camp_n dismiss_v one_o of_o which_o say_v he_o other_o say_z two_o most_o unlike_a a_o roman_a return_v the_o same_o day_n pretend_v something_o forget_v but_o intend_v to_o absolve_v himself_o of_o his_o promise_n and_o before_o night_n overtake_v his_o companion_n which_o deceitful_a trick_n of_o his_o be_v account_v so_o base_a that_o he_o be_v not_o only_o scorn_v by_o the_o vulgar_a brand_v with_o ignominy_n by_o the_o censor_n but_o adjudge_v by_o the_o senate_n to_o be_v take_v and_o by_o a_o public_a guard_n deliver_v unto_o hannibal_n nevertheless_o jesuit_n so_o vigorous_o defend_v this_o equivocation_n that_o jo._n molanus_n professor_n at_o louvain_n justify_v the_o murder_n of_o john_n huss_n perpetrate_v against_o the_o public_a faith_n engage_v unto_o he_o for_o his_o safe_a conduct_n for_o this_o reason_n that_o the_o conduct_v undertake_v for_o his_o safe_a come_n not_o for_o the_o safety_n of_o his_o return_n and_o now_o let_v jesuit_n confident_o complain_v of_o the_o great_a injury_n do_v they_o while_o we_o say_v they_o hold_v faith_n not_o to_o be_v keep_v with_o heretic_n for_o if_o this_o be_v to_o keep_v faith_n they_o need_v not_o much_o trouble_v themselves_o with_o whosoever_o it_o be_v contract_v whether_o it_o ought_v to_o be_v keep_v or_o break_v but_o whole_a book_n of_o this_o jesuitism_n be_v large_o and_o solid_o confute_v by_o the_o reverend_a father_n in_o christ_n john_n morton_n now_o bishop_n of_o duresm_n henry_n mason_n and_o other_o of_o our_o countryman_n worthy_a the_o perusal_n of_o such_o as_o desire_v further_a satisfaction_n in_o this_o point_n in_o the_o mean_a time_n our_o result_n be_v that_o the_o party_n swear_v after_o this_o manner_n both_o sin_v in_o his_o equivocal_a oath_n and_o be_v notwithstanding_o that_o tacit_a equivocation_n bind_v in_o conscience_n unto_o the_o performance_n of_o his_o promise_n in_o that_o sense_n which_o the_o word_n yield_v of_o themselves_o and_o be_v without_o constraint_n apt_a to_o beget_v upon_o the_o mind_n of_o other_o unless_o he_o act_v according_o he_o be_v not_o guiltless_a of_o perjury_n sect_n iv._o some_o reason_n of_o this_o assertion_n i_o have_v already_o allege_v in_o the_o confirmation_n of_o our_o first_o hypothesis_n i_o shall_v now_o add_v but_o brief_o a_o few_o more_o the_o first_o a_o oath_n according_a unto_o the_o sum_n of_o that_o hypothesis_n aught_o to_o be_v most_o simple_o and_o effectual_o understand_v unto_o which_o simplicity_n this_o artifice_n of_o industrious_a ambiguity_n be_v repugnant_a the_o second_o it_o be_v a_o great_a profanation_n of_o the_o name_n of_o god_n to_o invoke_v he_o as_o witness_v and_o searcher_n of_o heart_n to_o attest_v the_o truth_n of_o word_n which_o agree_v not_o with_o the_o heart_n of_o the_o party_n swear_v for_o what_o be_v this_o if_o not_o as_o far_o as_o lie_v in_o man_n power_n to_o make_v god_n who_o can_v neither_o deceive_v nor_o be_v deceive_v a_o impostor_n and_o patron_n of_o base_a dissimulation_n the_o three_o equivocation_n be_v contrary_a to_o the_o very_a institution_n and_o nature_n of_o a_o oath_n who_o chief_a use_n be_v to_o be_v a_o end_n of_o strife_n and_o controversy_n and_o to_o give_v as_o certain_a security_n in_o uncertain_a thing_n as_o humane_a nature_n be_v able_a to_o afford_v it_o be_v expediendarum_fw-la litium_fw-la maximum_fw-la remedium_fw-la but_o that_o certainty_n which_o we_o seek_v in_o a_o oath_n be_v losâ—_n in_o equivocation_n for_o what_o certainty_n can_v there_o be_v in_o his_o answer_n who_o meaning_n be_v uncertainty_n nor_o be_v controversy_n thus_o end_v but_o aggravate_v the_o four_o the_o party_n so_o swear_v delude_v his_o neighbour_n and_o know_o deceive_v contrary_a to_o the_o precept_n ne_o juret_fw-la in_o dolo_fw-la and_o to_o the_o ancient_a form_n si_fw-mi sciens_fw-la fallo_fw-la the_o five_o promise_v in_o the_o promissory_a be_v as_o affirmation_n and_o negation_n be_v in_o the_o assertory_n and_o contain_v a_o answer_n unto_o the_o question_n or_o interrogatory_n propose_v by_o the_o deferent_a which_o unless_o it_o quadrate_n and_o agree_v with_o the_o interrogatory_n propose_v be_v no_o truth_n but_o a_o lie_n for_o out_o of_o the_o question_n and_o the_o answer_n spring_v as_o it_o be_v one_o proposition_n which_o must_v be_v utter_o false_a where_o the_o answer_n be_v make_v in_o a_o different_a sense_n from_o that_o wherein_o the_o question_n be_v ask_v noâ—_n do_v that_o qualification_n to_o which_o the_o patron_n of_o this_o simulation_n fly_v afford_v they_o refuge_n to_o wit_n that_o we_o may_v not_o use_v this_o equivocation_n at_o our_o pleasure_n but_o only_o before_o a_o incompetent_a judge_n such_o as_o have_v no_o right_a to_o require_v a_o oath_n or_o who_o compel_v we_o to_o swear_v without_o just_a cause_n or_o exact_v that_o which_o be_v not_o due_a or_o the_o like_a but_o to_o omit_v that_o these_o be_v but_o their_o bare_a allegation_n only_o not_o confirm_v by_o authority_n of_o scripture_n of_o the_o ancient_a church_n or_o indeed_o of_o good_a and_o solid_a reason_n the_o force_n of_o these_o argument_n by_o which_o we_o maintain_v the_o contrary_a be_v neither_o overthrow_v nor_o weaken_v by_o this_o qualification_n and_o although_o it_o shall_v be_v grant_v that_o a_o unjust_a force_n may_v null_n that_o obligation_n make_v to_o man_n because_o it_o be_v not_o reasonable_a that_o a_o unjust_a act_n shall_v acquire_v any_o right_n yet_o no_o injury_n do_v unto_o we_o by_o man_n can_v give_v we_o just_a cause_n to_o injure_v god_n by_o cast_v off_o that_o obligation_n which_o we_o make_v unto_o he_o the_o searcher_n of_o heart_n to_o who_o such_o right_a by_o every_o oath_n occur_v through_o the_o invocation_n of_o his_o name_n to_o conclude_v this_o jesuitical_a doctrine_n license_v the_o lust_n of_o lie_v and_o perjury_n unto_o impious_a man_n notwithstanding_o that_o qualification_n which_o though_o it_o remain_v yet_o the_o sole_a judgement_n when_o it_o be_v and_o when_o not_o expedient_a to_o use_v it_o be_v leave_v unto_o the_o party_n swear_v wherefore_o if_o a_o man_n against_o right_n and_o reason_n be_v constrain_v to_o swear_v he_o ought_v either_o absolute_o to_o refuse_v the_o oath_n or_o to_o take_v it_o in_o that_o sense_n wherein_o it_o be_v give_v without_o simulation_n or_o equivocation_n sect_n v._o the_o three_o case_n ally_v unto_o this_o be_v of_o mental_a reservation_n which_o the_o jesuit_n defend_v with_o the_o same_o reason_n and_o define_v with_o the_o same_o qualification_n they_o do_v verbal_a equivocation_n for_o as_o in_o that_o by_o wrest_v the_o word_n pronounce_v unto_o another_o sense_n so_o in_o this_o by_o some_o addition_n not_o pronounce_v but_o conceive_v in_o mind_n the_o party_n swear_v elude_v the_o interrogatory_n so_o they_o say_v a_o priest_n if_o he_o be_v examine_v by_o a_o heretical_a magistrate_n whether_o he_o be_v a_o priest_n may_v answer_v that_o he_o be_v no_o priest_n meaning_n of_o bacchus_n or_o apollo_n and_o a_o adulterous_a wife_n if_o she_o be_v question_v of_o adultery_n by_o her_o jealous_a husband_n may_v swear_v unto_o he_o that_o she_o commit_v not_o adultery_n mean_v not_o to_o the_o end_n to_o tell_v he_o the_o like_a they_o hold_v in_o promissory_a oath_n that_o a_o traveller_n to_o save_v his_o life_n may_v swear_v to_o give_v money_n unto_o a_o thief_n though_o he_o never_o intend_v it_o provide_v
most_o just_o condemn_v do_v not_o most_o wicked_o imitate_v but_o though_o other_o de_fw-la facto_fw-la exercise_v this_o power_n of_o dispense_n with_o oath_n yet_o the_o pope_n only_o challenge_v it_o unto_o himself_o de_fw-la jure_fw-la many_o even_o before_o luther_n have_v grievous_o complain_v of_o this_o thing_n and_o sharp_o inveigh_v against_o the_o abuse_n of_o papal_a dispensation_n unto_o who_o write_n i_o refer_v the_o studious_a and_o betake_v myself_o by_o some_o argument_n to_o prove_v the_o bond_n of_o a_o oath_n simple_o indispensable_a so_o that_o no_o power_n at_o all_o of_o dispense_n with_o it_o be_v either_o in_o pope_n or_o any_o other_o first_o because_o the_o obligation_n of_o a_o oath_n be_v of_o divine_a natural_a law_n but_o natural_a law_n be_v not_o subject_a to_o humane_a power_n see_v god_n alone_o be_v the_o author_n and_o lord_n of_o nature_n nor_o can_v it_o ever_o yet_o be_v show_v that_o god_n have_v grant_v unto_o any_o kind_n or_o order_n of_o man_n authority_n to_o dispense_v with_o the_o law_n of_o nature_n second_o because_o this_o power_n of_o dispensation_n be_v grant_v the_o chief_a end_n of_o a_o oath_n which_o be_v security_n as_o i_o may_v call_v it_o for_o the_o thing_n promise_v will_v utter_o be_v overthrow_v for_o he_o unto_o who_o the_o oath_n be_v make_v can_v have_v no_o assurance_n if_o the_o promise_n of_o the_o party_n swear_v may_v be_v dispense_v with_o that_o it_o shall_v ever_o be_v fulfil_v three_o because_o a_o oath_n in_o that_o very_a act_n and_o instant_n whereby_o it_o impose_v the_o obligation_n of_o swear_v and_o the_o promise_n of_o performance_n acquire_v right_o of_o the_o thing_n promise_v unto_o the_o party_n to_o who_o the_o oath_n be_v make_v which_o two_o effect_n of_o a_o oath_n be_v so_o combine_v that_o the_o one_o grant_v or_o deny_v the_o other_o also_o at_o the_o same_o time_n must_v necessary_o be_v grant_v or_o deny_v wherefore_o suppose_v the_o obligation_n of_o the_o party_n swear_v take_v away_o by_o dispensation_n and_o it_o follow_v that_o the_o right_n of_o he_o to_o who_o the_o oath_n be_v make_v be_v also_o take_v away_o by_o the_o same_o and_o far_o that_o such_o dispensation_n must_v be_v either_o needless_a or_o unreasonable_a needless_a and_o superfluous_a if_o it_o be_v do_v with_o his_o consent_n to_o who_o the_o oath_n be_v make_v if_o against_o it_o unreasonable_a and_o unjust_a for_o he_o be_v willing_a the_o obligation_n as_o i_o shall_v show_v may_v be_v remit_v even_o without_o dispensation_n but_o to_o take_v away_o his_o right_n against_o his_o will_n be_v injury_n four_o because_o in_o a_o promissory_a oath_n obligation_n be_v not_o only_o make_v unto_o our_o neighbour_n as_o it_o be_v promissory_a but_o to_o god_n also_o as_o it_o be_v a_o oath_n wherefore_o grant_v which_o be_v not_o to_o be_v grant_v that_o superior_n have_v power_n to_o take_v away_o the_o obligation_n whereby_o in_o regard_n of_o promise_n man_n be_v oblige_v to_o man_n yet_o will_v it_o be_v unsupportable_a presumption_n that_o dust_n and_o ash_n shall_v arrogate_v unto_o itself_o authority_n to_o take_v away_o the_o obligation_n whereby_o man_n be_v oblige_v unto_o god_n as_o witness_v and_o revenger_n five_o because_o humane_a dispensation_n be_v a_o matter_n of_o external_a judicature_n but_o the_o obligation_n of_o a_o oath_n be_v in_o the_o conscience_n within_o which_o be_v subject_a unto_o no_o judge_n but_o god_n and_o belong_v not_o unto_o the_o empire_n of_o man_n wherefore_o he_o who_o claim_v the_o right_a of_o dispense_n with_o oath_n be_v he_o what_o he_o will_v assume_v unto_o himself_o divine_a power_n seat_v himself_o upon_o the_o bench_n of_o internal_a judicature_n and_o exercise_v dominion_n over_o the_o conscience_n and_o such_o dispensation_n be_v de_fw-fr jure_fw-la null_n and_o invalid_a even_o as_o that_o sentence_n be_v invalid_a unto_o all_o intent_n and_o purpose_n of_o the_o law_n which_o be_v give_v by_o a_o judge_n in_o a_o court_n where_o he_o have_v nothing_o to_o do_v because_o there_o he_o be_v no_o judge_n sect_n iv._o here_o the_o patron_n of_o dispensation_n be_v wonderful_o perplex_v how_o to_o ward_v the_o blow_n of_o the_o first_o argument_n which_o be_v all_o they_o use_v to_o object_n unto_o themselves_o it_o cost_v they_o much_o sweat_n to_o roll_v this_o stone_n for_o they_o see_v it_o be_v the_o part_n of_o the_o pope_n authority_n which_o lest_o his_o kitchen_n languish_v must_v in_o any_o case_n be_v maintain_v and_o they_o may_v put_v the_o gain_n in_o their_o eye_n see_v they_o can_v find_v wherewithal_o to_o make_v a_o solid_a defence_n nor_o can_v ever_o yet_o agree_v among_o themselves_o by_o what_o right_a the_o pope_n arrogate_v unto_o himself_o this_o power_n of_o dispensation_n which_o one_o thing_n be_v enough_o to_o argue_v they_o conscious_a of_o their_o weak_a pretence_n for_o as_o in_o wage_n war_n so_o in_o exercise_v power_n the_o cause_n which_o be_v not_o stedy_o assert_v may_v well_o be_v presume_v unjust_a some_o deduce_v this_o power_n of_o dispense_n with_o vow_n and_o oath_n from_o the_o absolute_a and_o ecumenical_a authority_n whereby_o the_o pope_n be_v lord_n of_o the_o earth_n and_o emperor_n of_o the_o whole_a world_n for_o see_v every_o person_n vow_v or_o swear_v be_v the_o pope_n subject_n this_o condition_n say_v they_o be_v understand_v in_o every_o vow_n or_o oath_n to_o wit_n if_o it_o please_v our_o lord_n the_o pope_n whereupon_o it_o follow_v that_o when_o the_o pope_n signify_v which_o he_o do_v by_o way_n of_o dispensation_n that_o he_o be_v not_o please_v the_o thing_n swear_v shall_v be_v ratify_v the_o obligation_n present_o cease_v which_o opinion_n grant_v the_o pope_n at_o his_o pleasure_n may_v rescinde_v any_o oath_n either_o with_o just_a cause_n or_o without_o it_o wherefore_o this_o reject_v as_o too_o gross_a other_o and_o among_o they_o some_o modern_a jesuit_n deny_v that_o the_o pope_n can_v dispense_v with_o oath_n or_o dissolve_v royal_a contract_n or_o that_o he_o ever_o do_v it_o proper_o that_o be_v by_o take_v away_o the_o obligation_n or_o the_o obligation_n remain_v by_o exempt_n any_o private_a person_n from_o the_o same_o but_o they_o say_v that_o he_o dispense_v only_o improper_o that_o be_v by_o declare_v the_o oath_n in_o that_o case_n not_o obligatory_a by_o reason_n of_o the_o hindrance_n of_o some_o good_a or_o consequence_n of_o some_o ill_n if_o the_o oath_n shall_v be_v keep_v but_o on_o the_o contrary_a beside_o the_o evidence_n of_o his_o practice_n which_o show_v that_o the_o pope_n exercise_v in_o this_o matter_n more_o than_o declaratory_a power_n or_o which_o come_v to_o as_o much_o under_o pretence_n of_o declaratory_a power_n can_v determine_v of_o league_n vow_n oath_n contract_n between_o king_n or_o any_o other_o at_o his_o discretion_n be_v in_o this_o case_n supreme_a and_o sole_a judge_n who_o sentence_n must_v be_v obey_v without_o appeal_n it_o be_v worthy_a consideration_n first_o that_o either_o the_o cause_n be_v manifest_o just_a why_o a_o thing_n promise_v by_o oath_n ought_v not_o to_o be_v perform_v as_o if_o it_o be_v impossible_a dishonest_a or_o any_o way_n unlawful_a and_o then_o the_o party_n swear_v may_v of_o his_o own_o authority_n nay_o aught_o withoutwaiting_a for_o dispensation_n from_o the_o pope_n or_o any_o other_o to_o retract_v the_o thing_n swear_v for_o where_o there_o be_v no_o obligation_n the_o conscience_n be_v free_a and_o need_v no_o dispensation_n or_o second_o that_o no_o just_a cause_n appear_v why_o the_o oath_n shall_v not_o be_v keep_v and_o then_o it_o must_v be_v keep_v and_o he_o who_o either_o ask_v or_o grant_v dispensation_n sin_v because_o the_o obligation_n which_o neither_o can_v nor_o may_v be_v remove_v by_o humane_a power_n remain_v or_o last_o that_o the_o thing_n be_v doubtful_a and_o appear_v not_o by_o reason_n of_o difficulty_n on_o both_o side_n whether_o the_o party_n swear_v be_v bind_v to_o the_o performance_n of_o his_o promise_n and_o then_o it_o will_v be_v profitable_a to_o consult_v with_o pious_a and_o prudent_a man_n skilful_a in_o divine_a law_n and_o to_o resolve_v with_o their_o advice_n what_o be_v most_o expedient_a in_o which_o matter_n see_v knowledge_n be_v more_o requisite_a than_o power_n i_o understand_v not_o why_o the_o pope_n shall_v be_v fit_a than_o another_o man_n unless_o it_o be_v certain_a the_o pope_n excel_v other_o man_n in_o prudence_n and_o piety_n for_o that_o which_o be_v not_o credible_a certain_o be_v not_o necessary_a three_o other_o not_o satisfy_v with_o this_o declaratory_a dispensation_n as_o detract_n too_o much_o from_o the_o pope_n authority_n have_v beat_v out_o a_o answer_n of_o wonderful_a subtlety_n that_o the_o obligation_n of_o a_o oath_n which_o be_v of_o divine_a natural_a law_n may_v
real_o be_v take_v away_o by_o dispensation_n of_o the_o superior_a but_o that_o it_o must_v not_o therefore_o be_v say_v that_o the_o superior_a dispense_v with_o divine_a and_o natural_a law_n because_o say_v they_o that_o divine_a law_n of_o nature_n be_v that_o a_o oath_n so_o long_o as_o the_o strength_n and_o obligation_n thereof_o remain_v shall_v be_v keep_v and_o with_o this_o law_n the_o superior_a dispense_v not_o but_o by_o his_o dispensation_n take_v away_o that_o strength_n of_o the_o oath_n whereby_o it_o oblige_v the_o party_n swear_v before_o the_o dispensation_n but_o this_o subtlety_n open_v unto_o the_o quick_a will_v be_v find_v a_o mere_a trifle_n which_o avail_v nothing_o or_o imply_v a_o contradiction_n and_o be_v refute_v by_o the_o jesuit_n achorius_fw-la though_o sayrus_n the_o monk_n be_v about_o his_o ear_n for_o it_o so_o while_o these_o cadmean_a brethren_n dispatch_v each_o other_o by_o mutual_a blow_n nor_o can_v find_v any_o reason_n whereby_o to_o arm_v themselves_o in_o proof_n they_o real_o confess_v that_o the_o cause_n which_o they_o have_v undertake_v can_v be_v defend_v wherefore_o i_o conclude_v that_o neither_o pope_n nor_o prince_n nor_o synod_n nor_o senate_n nor_o ecclesiastical_a nor_o secular_a superior_a have_v any_o right_a to_o dispense_v with_o league_n contract_n oath_n or_o to_o absolve_v any_o man_n from_o that_o bond_n wherein_o before_o the_o dispensation_n grant_v he_o be_v engage_v sect_n v._o with_o this_o first_o of_o dispensation_n the_o next_o question_n or_o the_o second_o case_n of_o commutation_n of_o a_o oath_n be_v ally_v now_o commutation_n as_o the_o word_n express_v be_v nothing_o else_o but_o translation_n of_o the_o obligation_n from_o one_o matter_n to_o another_o which_o whether_o great_a less_o or_o equivalent_a seem_v in_o some_o respect_n to_o be_v more_o convenient_a and_o commutation_n differ_v from_o dispensation_n as_o a_o species_n from_o the_o genus_fw-la or_o part_n from_o the_o whole_a for_o if_o a_o bond_n can_v be_v loose_v either_o by_o the_o one_o or_o other_o it_o will_v be_v whole_o unbound_v by_o dispensation_n by_o commutation_n in_o part_n only_o the_o doctrine_n of_o cafuist_n concern_v commutation_n amount_v to_o this_o sum_n first_o that_o a_o private_a man_n of_o his_o own_o authority_n without_o his_o superior_n dispensation_n may_v commute_v a_o vow_n or_o oath_n into_o that_o which_o be_v evident_o better_a which_o they_o confirm_v by_o god_n example_n who_o do_v not_o always_o fulfil_v his_o temporal_a promise_n to_o the_o letter_n but_o often_o change_v they_o for_o the_o better_a and_o for_o confirmation_n of_o this_o opinion_n they_o bring_v the_o speech_n of_o gregory_n he_o infringe_v not_o his_o promise_n or_o purpose_n who_o change_v it_o for_o the_o better_a second_o that_o promise_n can_v be_v commute_v to_o that_o which_o be_v evident_o worse_a or_o whereof_o question_n may_v be_v make_v whether_o it_o be_v better_a without_o authority_n of_o a_o superior_a qualify_v with_o legitimate_a power_n of_o judge_v and_o determine_v in_o that_o point_n three_o that_o by_o commutation_n preexistent_a obligation_n be_v whole_o take_v off_o from_o the_o former_a matter_n and_o new_a obligation_n bring_v in_o and_o lay_v upon_o a_o different_a matter_n but_o this_o whole_a doctrine_n be_v build_v upon_o a_o false_a foundation_n to_o wit_n dispensability_n of_o a_o oath_n which_o be_v as_o we_o have_v prove_v null_a this_o superstructure_n of_o commutation_n must_v necessary_o fall_v to_o ruin_v wherefore_o brief_o i_o say_v that_o the_o bond_n of_o a_o oath_n can_v be_v remit_v or_o lose_v either_o in_o whole_a by_o dispensation_n or_o in_o part_n by_o commutation_n without_o consent_n of_o all_o the_o party_n but_o the_o consent_n of_o he_o unto_o who_o the_o oath_n be_v make_v be_v more_o especial_o require_v because_o such_o right_n be_v acquire_v unto_o he_o as_o without_o his_o own_o consent_n ought_v not_o to_o be_v take_v away_o for_o the_o example_n of_o god_n it_o suit_v not_o because_o his_o promise_n as_o they_o be_v all_o of_o free_a bounty_n so_o the_o temporal_a one_o be_v also_o conditional_a and_o to_o be_v understand_v with_o exception_n of_o the_o cross_n of_o the_o good_a pleasure_n of_o god_n and_o of_o that_o which_o he_o know_v to_o be_v most_o profitable_a for_o we_o neither_o be_v the_o case_n of_o a_o vow_n and_o of_o a_o oath_n altogether_o alike_o in_o respect_n of_o commutation_n for_o in_o a_o vow_n see_v it_o be_v make_v to_o god_n alone_o some_o liberty_n may_v perhaps_o be_v grant_v unto_o the_o person_n vow_v of_o change_v the_o same_o into_o another_o which_o may_v be_v evident_o better_a and_o more_o acceptable_a unto_o god_n there_o be_v nothing_o in_o this_o alteration_n injurious_a unto_o a_o three_o person_n but_o in_o a_o oath_n which_o be_v make_v unto_o man_n injury_n may_v be_v do_v he_o if_o it_o shall_v without_o his_o consent_n and_o against_o he_o will_v be_v commute_v into_o any_o other_o thing_n as_o if_o caius_n swear_v to_o pay_v ten_o pound_n unto_o titius_n shall_v give_v he_o a_o horse_n worth_a ten_o pound_n it_o will_v not_o satisfy_v his_o oath_n for_o it_o be_v not_o reasonable_a that_o a_o man_n shall_v be_v force_v to_o commute_v a_o thing_n due_a unto_o he_o wherefore_o the_o bond_n of_o a_o oath_n can_v be_v loose_v nor_o the_o obligation_n take_v away_o by_o either_o of_o these_o invention_n sect_n vi_o but_o it_o seem_v it_o may_v by_o the_o three_o way_n remain_v to_o wit_n irritation_n of_o the_o superior_a cessation_n of_o the_o matter_n and_o relaxation_n of_o the_o party_n wherefore_o the_o three_o case_n be_v of_o solution_n of_o the_o bond_n by_o irritation_n declare_v by_o the_o superior_a now_o irritation_n for_o so_o with_o the_o casuist_n we_o must_v speak_v though_o barbarous_o signify_v a_o act_n of_o the_o legitimate_a superior_a whereby_o of_o his_o authority_n he_o render_v a_o oath_n make_v by_o his_o subject_n without_o his_o consent_n null_n and_o void_a for_o that_o legitimate_a superior_n may_v rescinde_v vow_n and_o oath_n of_o such_o as_o be_v not_o free_a but_o under_o their_o authority_n moses_n teach_v as_o when_o we_o be_v upon_o the_o efficient_a cause_n we_o observe_v large_o throughout_o this_o chapter_n the_o reason_n be_v that_o he_o who_o be_v in_o the_o power_n of_o another_o be_v not_o in_o his_o own_o nor_o can_v oblige_v himself_o in_o thing_n wherein_o he_o be_v subject_a without_o leave_n from_o his_o superior_a and_o therefore_o he_o ought_v not_o by_o any_o act_n of_o he_o to_o bring_v obligation_n upon_o himself_o without_o the_o other_o consent_n either_o express_v or_o upon_o reasonable_a ground_n presume_v for_o the_o right_n of_o ruler_n over_o their_o subject_n be_v by_o the_o immovable_a and_o eternal_a law_n of_o god_n perpetual_a moreover_o the_o duty_n of_o subject_n together_o with_o the_o right_n of_o obedience_n and_o subjection_n be_v by_o the_o same_o perpetual_a law_n perpetual_o and_o indispensable_o obligatory_a which_o antecedent_n obligation_n by_o our_o three_o hypothesis_n obstruct_v the_o effect_n of_o a_o subsequent_a oath_n in_o such_o manner_n as_o it_o can_v be_v bind_v for_o the_o former_a obligation_n ever_o prejudge_v the_o latter_a and_o render_v every_o act_n introductive_a of_o new_a and_o contrary_a obligation_n invalid_a wherefore_o in_o this_o case_n i_o say_v first_o that_o a_o subject_a ought_v not_o by_o oath_n to_o promise_v any_o of_o those_o thing_n wherein_o he_o be_v subject_a unto_o another_o without_o the_o consent_n of_o his_o superior_a at_o the_o least_o presume_v second_o that_o if_o he_o have_v swear_v and_o the_o thing_n be_v lawful_a he_o be_v so_o long_o oblige_v unto_o performance_n as_o it_o appear_v not_o to_o be_v against_o the_o will_n dignity_n and_o profit_n of_o his_o superior_a three_o that_o the_o superior_a if_o he_o have_v by_o express_a consent_n whether_o before_o or_o after_o once_o ratify_v the_o promise_n of_o his_o subject_n can_v make_v the_o same_o afterward_o void_a or_o null_n the_o obligation_n thereof_o four_o if_o the_o superior_a so_o soon_o as_o he_o come_v to_o know_v of_o the_o matter_n open_o and_o peremptory_o declare_v his_o dissent_n forbid_v the_o performance_n of_o the_o same_o that_o the_o transitory_a obligation_n present_o cease_v and_o the_o subject_n by_o virtue_n of_o his_o former_a obligation_n of_o duty_n which_o be_v permanent_a and_o perpetual_a be_v bind_v notwithstanding_o his_o oath_n to_o obey_v his_o superior_a whence_o if_o any_o man_n subject_n unto_o the_o power_n of_o another_o whether_o master_n father_n or_o prince_n voluntary_o compel_v by_o force_n or_o fear_n or_o mislead_v through_o fraud_n or_o example_n of_o other_o happen_z to_o make_v any_o oath_n whereunto_o he_o believe_v his_o master_n father_n or_o prince_n have_v he_o biâ—_n present_a will_v not_o have_v condescend_v
as_o execute_v any_o office_n function_n or_o particular_a call_v as_o we_o usual_o term_v it_o though_o perhaps_o improper_o that_o state_n or_o condition_n of_o life_n wherein_o a_o man_n be_v place_v to_o do_v any_o thing_n incongruous_a with_o the_o nature_n or_o rule_n of_o that_o function_n or_o call_n for_o a_o thing_n may_v be_v lawful_a to_o a_o civil_a magistrate_n which_o be_v not_o to_o a_o minister_n of_o the_o gospel_n and_o so_o on_o the_o contrary_a that_o may_v be_v lawful_a to_o the_o merchant_n which_o be_v not_o to_o the_o husbandman_n that_o to_o the_o master_n which_o be_v not_o to_o the_o servant_n that_o to_o the_o marry_a man_n which_o be_v not_o to_o the_o bachelor_n and_o the_o like_a god_n have_v general_o give_v they_o this_o law_n that_o every_o of_o they_o faithful_o perform_v the_o duty_n of_o his_o call_n and_o modest_o contain_v himself_o within_o the_o bound_n thereof_o if_o therefore_o a_o english_a merchant_n shall_v swear_v to_o send_v wool_n to_o hamburgh_n or_o any_o other_o merchandise_n prohibit_v by_o law_n to_o be_v transport_v out_o of_o this_o realm_n or_o if_o any_o magistrate_n shall_v swear_v that_o he_o will_v not_o punish_v theft_n or_o adultery_n or_o a_o bishop_n or_o presbyter_n nâ—ver_o to_o preach_v nor_o administer_v the_o sacrament_n or_o a_o hiâ—de_v not_o to_o obey_v his_o master_n command_v he_o to_o yoke_v his_o ox_n or_o reap_v his_o corn_n whereof_o the_o first_o be_v repugnant_a unto_o the_o law_n of_o the_o kingdom_n the_o râ—st_n unto_o the_o condition_n of_o prope_a vocation_n all_o these_o oath_n will_v be_v of_o a_o thing_n in_o that_o degree_n whereof_o i_o have_v speak_v unlawful_a and_o the_o oath_n themselves_o for_o that_o reason_n unlawful_a and_o will_v not_o ordinary_o oblige_v i_o say_v not_o ordinary_o because_o there_o may_v perhaps_o be_v case_n in_o which_o a_o oath_n that_o seem_v repugnant_a unto_o some_o law_n of_o community_n or_o vocation_n though_o it_o ought_v not_o to_o be_v take_v may_v nevertheless_o be_v once_o take_v become_v obligatory_a for_o example_n in_o the_o penal_a law_n disjunctive_a suppose_v this_o to_o be_v the_o law_n of_o the_o city_n no_o citizen_n thereunto_o elect_v shall_v refuse_v the_o office_n of_o praetor_n if_o he_o do_v he_o shall_v be_v fine_v a_o huâ—dred_o crown_n caius_z a_o citizen_n think_v himself_o unfit_a to_o bear_v office_n or_o to_o avoid_v some_o inconvenience_n that_o may_v happen_v unto_o he_o from_o thence_o swear_v that_o he_o will_v never_o be_v praetor_n of_o the_o city_n he_o be_v choose_v by_o the_o citizen_n he_o excuse_v himself_o by_o his_o oath_n they_o regard_v not_o his_o oath_n but_o urge_v he_o to_o accept_v of_o the_o magistracy_n what_o be_v the_o law_n in_o this_o case_n at_o the_o bar_n of_o conscience_n i_o answer_v he_o ought_v not_o to_o have_v swear_v especial_o not_o compel_v thereunto_o by_o any_o necessity_n for_o he_o may_v have_v refuse_v though_o he_o have_v not_o swear_v nevertheless_o have_v swear_v he_o seem_v to_o be_v oblige_v and_o not_o be_v in_o a_o condition_n without_o perjury_n to_o comply_v with_o the_o desire_n of_o the_o citizen_n he_o be_v bind_v therefore_o to_o pay_v the_o fine_a and_o to_o refuse_v the_o praetorship_n i_o will_v be_v understand_v precise_o in_o respect_n unto_o the_o point_n to_o which_o i_o now_o speak_v viz._n the_o matter_n of_o the_o oath_n and_o also_o precise_o in_o respect_n to_o the_o repugnant_n thereof_o unto_o the_o law_n of_o the_o city_n for_o in_o respect_n of_o the_o end_n or_o cause_n nay_o even_o in_o respect_n of_o the_o matter_n itself_o as_o it_o be_v a_o hindrance_n of_o a_o great_a public_a good_n or_o for_o some_o other_o consideration_n there_o may_v be_v just_a reason_n in_o it_o to_o make_v the_o obligation_n void_a nevertheless_o ordinary_o as_o i_o have_v say_v a_o oath_n make_v against_o the_o law_n of_o a_o whole_a community_n or_o of_o a_o particular_a vocation_n oblige_v not_o and_o thus_o much_o be_v say_v of_o the_o thing_n in_o themselves_o unlawful_a sect_n x._o the_o thing_n which_o be_v not_o unlawful_a ex_fw-la se_fw-la yet_o be_v unlawful_a ex_fw-la accident_n follow_v now_o a_o lawful_a thing_n happen_v to_o become_v unlawful_a either_o by_o the_o error_n of_o the_o party_n swear_v or_o by_o some_o ill_a effect_n of_o the_o thing_n swear_v wherefore_o the_o three_o case_n be_v where_o a_o man_n promise_v by_o oath_n performance_n of_o a_o thing_n perhaps_o lawful_a in_o itself_o which_o nevertheless_o he_o believe_v to_o be_v unlawful_a or_o fear_v not_o to_o be_v lawful_a as_o if_o a_o man_n before_o these_o time_n upon_o his_o admission_n to_o a_o benefice_n as_o they_o call_v it_o ecclesiastical_a shall_v have_v promise_v to_o observe_v all_o the_o rite_n command_v by_o ecclesiastical_a law_n in_o public_a service_n as_o the_o surplice_n sign_n of_o the_o cross_n at_o the_o font_n kneel_v at_o the_o sacrament_n of_o the_o lord_n supper_n and_o the_o like_a which_o he_o nevertheless_o through_o some_o light_a prejudice_n think_v to_o be_v superstitious_a and_o papistical_a what_o be_v the_o obligation_n in_o this_o case_n i_o give_v you_o three_o thing_n by_o way_n of_o answer_n first_o i_o say_v that_o such_o a_o oath_n during_o such_o a_o error_n can_v be_v take_v without_o great_a sin_n for_o he_o sin_v grievous_o who_o sin_v against_o his_o conscience_n though_o erroneous_a the_o judgement_n of_o the_o understanding_n be_v unto_o every_o man_n the_o first_o rule_n of_o work_v if_o the_o will_v follow_v not_o that_o judgement_n swerve_v from_o the_o rule_n it_o must_v necessary_o be_v carry_v into_o obliquity_n it_o be_v a_o old_a say_n he_o who_o go_v against_o his_o own_o conscience_n be_v on_o his_o way_n to_o hell_n certain_o he_o who_o swear_v unto_o that_o which_o he_o think_v to_o be_v unlawful_a have_v swear_v unto_o it_o though_o it_o have_v be_v real_o unlawful_a and_o so_o the_o thing_n though_o lawful_a to_o another_o be_v as_o to_o he_o unlawful_a it_o be_v the_o apostle_n sentence_n rom._n 14._o 14._o where_o he_o distinguish_v between_o that_o which_o be_v unclean_a of_o itself_o and_o that_o which_o be_v unclean_a to_o another_o plain_o teach_v that_o that_o thing_n which_o be_v not_o unclean_a nor_o unlawful_a of_o itself_o may_v nevertheless_o be_v unclean_a and_o unlawful_a unto_o he_o who_o esteem_v it_o to_o be_v unclean_a or_o unlawful_a second_o i_o say_v that_o such_o a_o oath_n oblige_v not_o the_o reason_n be_v manifest_a by_o the_o three_o hypothesis_n for_o a_o oath_n can_v take_v away_o a_o former_a obligation_n nor_o introduce_v a_o obligation_n contrary_a unto_o it_o but_o the_o oath_n which_o be_v take_v against_o the_o dictate_v of_o conscience_n be_v precede_v by_o another_o former_a obligation_n arise_v from_o that_o dictate_v for_o the_o dictate_v of_o conscience_n whether_o right_a or_o erroneous_a ever_o bind_v at_o the_o least_o not_o to_o act_v against_o it_o now_o a_o subsequent_a oath_n can_v remove_v this_o obligation_n but_o become_v rather_o invalid_a itself_o and_o lose_v all_o strength_n and_o vigour_n three_o i_o say_v if_o the_o party_n swear_v be_v afterward_o better_o inform_v acknowledge_v and_o correct_v his_o error_n the_o oath_n which_o at_o first_o oblige_v not_o begin_v from_o thence_o forth_o to_o oblige_v for_o the_o power_n of_o obligation_n be_v as_o it_o be_v natural_o and_o inseparable_o in_o a_o oath_n as_o the_o power_n of_o move_v downward_o be_v natural_o and_o inseparable_o in_o a_o stone_n which_o power_n be_v always_o ready_a to_o put_v forth_o itself_o and_o to_o proceed_v unto_o act_n except_o it_o be_v hinder_v by_o some_o impediment_n wherefore_o as_o a_o stone_n that_o it_o may_v move_v again_o after_o it_o have_v rest_v a_o while_n need_v not_o any_o other_o new_a power_n to_o be_v derive_v unto_o it_o from_o without_o but_o of_o its_o own_o nature_n the_o obstacle_n be_v remove_v present_o descend_v so_o a_o oath_n that_o obligation_n of_o erroneous_a conscience_n which_o at_o first_o withstand_v its_o operation_n be_v remove_v without_o any_o delay_n or_o need_v of_o other_o help_n be_v of_o its_o own_o force_n obligatory_a sect_n xi_o there_o be_v other_o case_n concern_v thing_n unlawful_a by_o accident_n in_o respect_n of_o the_o evil_a effect_n of_o the_o same_o to_o wit_n as_o they_o may_v be_v impeditive_a of_o good_a or_o causative_a or_o at_o the_o least_o for_o we_o must_v use_v such_o word_n occasionative_n of_o evil_a a_o good_a thing_n impede_v may_v be_v antecedent_n or_o future_a the_o four_o case_n therefore_o be_v where_o the_o thing_n swear_v seem_v to_o be_v unlawful_a in_o that_o it_o hinder_v the_o performance_n of_o some_o antecedent_n good_a of_o a_o vow_n imagine_v or_o of_o a_o promise_n first_o make_v as_o iâ—_n he_o who_o have_v first_o
deliberate_a nor_o he_o who_o be_v not_o his_o own_o man_n but_o in_o the_o power_n of_o another_o make_v a_o steadfast_a and_o effectual_a promise_n sect_n ii_o wherefore_o the_o first_o doubt_n be_v how_o far_o the_o oath_n of_o a_o person_n not_o endue_v with_o the_o faculty_n of_o judgement_n oblige_v which_o defect_n see_v it_o may_v arise_v from_o divers_a cause_n divers_a case_n be_v therefore_o contain_v under_o this_o head_n the_o first_o be_v of_o child_n so_o soon_o as_o they_o attain_v unto_o the_o use_n of_o reason_n which_o at_o what_o time_n of_o their_o age_n it_o may_v happen_v be_v not_o nor_o do_v i_o think_v can_v be_v define_v see_v some_o be_v soon_o and_o some_o late_a ripe_a the_o civil_a law_n of_o the_o roman_n and_o the_o municipal_a of_o most_o nation_n pitch_n upon_o certain_a year_n under_o which_o they_o admit_v not_o child_n either_o to_o take_v assertory_n oath_n or_o to_o be_v compel_v unto_o promissory_a such_o among_o we_o be_v the_o age_n of_o 16._o he_o who_o be_v young_a be_v neither_o admit_v to_o be_v a_o witness_n in_o judgement_n nor_o require_v to_o take_v the_o oath_n of_o allegiance_n nay_o if_o he_o have_v take_v a_o oath_n it_o be_v nul_fw-fr in_o law_n this_o be_v right_n at_o the_o bar_n of_o justice_n not_o at_o the_o bar_n of_o conscience_n child_n shall_v be_v teach_v from_o their_o tender_a age_n by_o their_o parent_n and_o pupil_n by_o their_o tutor_n early_o to_o understand_v and_o due_o weigh_v the_o power_n and_o efficacy_n of_o a_o oath_n the_o guilt_n and_o punishment_n of_o perjury_n that_o they_o may_v beware_v the_o wicked_a custom_n of_o the_o one_o and_o horrid_a crime_n of_o the_o other_o for_o it_o can_v hardly_o be_v imagine_v of_o what_o necessary_a or_o lawful_a use_n the_o oath_n of_o child_n shall_v be_v they_o be_v both_o unfit_a to_o judge_v and_o not_o in_o their_o own_o power_n unless_o parent_n in_o who_o power_n they_o be_v shall_v require_v it_o at_o their_o hand_n for_o the_o faithful_a performance_n of_o some_o command_n as_o fame_n report_v have_fw-mi ball_n about_o the_o nine_o year_n of_o his_o age_n to_o have_v be_v set_v by_o his_o father_n amilcar_n before_o the_o altar_n during_o the_o time_n of_o sacrifice_n and_o there_o bind_v by_o oath_n to_o be_v a_o perpetual_a enemy_n to_o the_o roman_a name_n but_o oh_o shame_n what_o be_v become_v of_o domestic_a discipline_n among_o christian_n child_n scarce_o able_a to_o speak_v be_v hear_v in_o every_o street_n tear_v the_o sacred_a and_o dreadful_a name_n of_o god_n with_o profane_a lip_n and_o oath_n both_o without_o fear_n and_o punishment_n season_v with_o the_o abominable_a stench_n of_o which_o vice_n like_o new_a vessel_n it_o will_v hardly_o out_o when_o the_o cask_n become_v age_v and_o rot_a but_o i_o will_v not_o be_v carry_v away_o with_o the_o tide_n of_o grief_n and_o indignation_n i_o return_v to_o the_o point_n and_o say_v that_o oath_n of_o child_n before_o they_o attain_v to_o year_n as_o we_o call_v they_o of_o discretion_n or_o know_v what_o deceit_n be_v through_o defect_n of_o judgement_n be_v neither_o lawful_a nor_o obligatory_a but_o so_o soon_o as_o they_o be_v capable_a of_o deceit_n and_o can_v in_o some_o though_o small_a measure_n understand_v what_o the_o nature_n and_o force_v of_o a_o oath_n be_v which_o happen_v for_o the_o most_o partâ—_n about_o the_o seven_o year_n of_o their_o age_n and_o early_o in_o many_o forward_a wit_n or_o such_o in_o who_o malice_n supply_v age_n the_o oath_n of_o a_o child_n though_o it_o be_v absolute_o unlawful_a unless_o that_o one_o case_n if_o a_o parent_n require_v it_o may_v be_v except_v be_v take_v oblige_v if_o there_o be_v in_o it_o no_o other_o impediment_n the_o reason_n be_v because_o a_o act_n in_o its_o own_o nature_n obligatory_a such_o as_o be_v the_o act_n of_o swear_v proceed_v from_o a_o mind_n endue_v in_o some_o sorâ—_n with_o the_o faculty_n of_o judge_v sect_n iii_o the_o second_o case_n be_v of_o the_o oath_n of_o mad_a man_n and_o the_o three_o of_o fool_n to_o who_o the_o vice_n of_o unseasonable_a belch_n forth_o of_o oath_n even_o when_o they_o think_v least_o upon_o it_o be_v familiar_a which_o although_o we_o may_v and_o god_n who_o be_v most_o merciful_a and_o expect_v not_o a_o harvest_n where_o he_o sow_v not_o perhaps_o will_v forbear_v to_o impute_v unto_o they_o for_o sin_n because_o it_o proceed_v from_o invincible_a error_n yet_o most_o certain_a it_o be_v of_o every_o oath_n and_o pronounce_v by_o our_o saviour_n that_o it_o come_v of_o evil_a from_o the_o instigation_n of_o the_o devil_n and_o common_a corruption_n of_o man_n heart_n through_o which_o all_o the_o child_n of_o adam_n be_v inflexible_a unto_o good_a and_o wax_n unto_o all_o kind_n of_o wickedness_n to_o make_v a_o doubt_n whether_o such_o oath_n be_v lawful_a or_o unlawful_a be_v vain_a and_o useless_a for_o to_o weigh_v whether_o thing_n be_v lawful_a or_o unlawful_a belong_v to_o such_o only_a as_o can_v in_o some_o measure_n judge_n whether_o do_v or_o to_o be_v do_v they_o agree_v with_o their_o rule_n the_o law_n of_o god_n and_o right_a reason_n which_o law_n it_o be_v in_o vain_a to_o plead_v unto_o such_o as_o be_v destitute_a of_o that_o faculty_n and_o void_a of_o understanding_n certain_o he_o who_o require_v reason_n of_o a_o mad_a man_n be_v mad_a with_o reason_n this_o kind_n of_o oath_n therefore_o as_o much_o as_o it_o be_v the_o act_n of_o a_o distract_a person_n be_v in_o no_o wise_a bind_n except_o otherwise_o frantic_a he_o enjoy_v his_o reason_n by_o lucid_a interval_n in_o which_o case_n it_o bind_v no_o less_o during_o the_o time_n he_o so_o enjoy_v the_o use_n of_o his_o reason_n than_o one_o make_v by_o a_o man_n of_o sound_n and_o repose_a judgement_n sect_n iv._o the_o four_o and_o five_o case_n be_v of_o oath_n make_v by_o man_n who_o be_v drink_v or_o in_o rage_n promise_a or_o threaten_v something_o which_o in_o sobriety_n and_o cool_a blood_n they_o will_v not_o have_v promise_v or_o threaten_v the_o reason_n of_o doubt_n be_v that_o whereas_o some_o judgement_n at_o the_o least_o of_o a_o deliberate_a mind_n be_v requisite_a to_o make_v a_o oath_n obligatory_a drunkenness_n and_o wrath_n which_o be_v but_o short_a fit_n of_o madness_n so_o perturb_v the_o judgement_n and_o for_o a_o time_n take_v away_o the_o use_n of_o reason_n that_o till_o the_o one_o have_v sleep_v and_o the_o other_o repose_v his_o mind_n neither_o seem_v much_o to_o differ_v from_o a_o mad_a man_n but_o of_o these_o oath_n this_o in_o the_o first_o place_n be_v certain_a that_o neither_o kind_n can_v be_v excuse_v of_o sin_n but_o whether_o drunkenness_n or_o the_o vehemency_n of_o anger_n aggravate_v the_o sin_n which_o be_v the_o act_n of_o swear_v or_o rather_o extenuate_v it_o all_o be_v not_o agree_v nor_o seem_v it_o possible_a to_o answer_v simple_o and_o sufficient_o unto_o this_o problem_n by_o a_o single_a affirmation_n see_v judgement_n in_o the_o point_n depend_v very_o much_o upon_o circumstance_n but_o be_v it_o as_o it_o will_v the_o question_n be_v not_o to_o this_o purpose_n the_o nature_n of_o the_o doubt_n show_v it_o to_o be_v unfit_a that_o a_o drunken_a or_o angry_a man_n shall_v swear_v at_o all_o because_o during_o that_o distemper_n he_o can_v swear_v in_o judgement_n but_o must_v necessary_o blab_v out_o whatsoever_o his_o wine_n or_o passion_n which_o be_v immoderate_a counsellor_n shall_v persuade_v and_o which_o in_o cool_a blood_n and_o sober_a he_o will_v give_v any_o thing_n be_v unsay_v or_o unsworn_a nevertheless_o we_o must_v distinguish_v of_o obligation_n for_o first_o the_o thing_n whereunto_o he_o swear_v be_v either_o unlawful_a or_o lawful_a and_o honest_a if_o unlawful_a as_o it_o happen_v for_o the_o most_o part_n especial_o in_o oath_n which_o fall_v vehement_o from_o angry_a man_n blind_v with_o eagerness_n of_o revenge_n it_o be_v evident_a that_o they_o oblige_v not_o for_o it_o have_v be_v sufficient_o demonstrate_v that_o a_o unlawful_a thing_n be_v not_o obligatory_a wherefore_o it_o be_v prudent_o advise_v of_o abigail_n and_o pious_o follow_v by_o david_n when_o animate_v by_o the_o unworthy_a reproach_n of_o a_o ungrateful_a man_n he_o have_v swear_v the_o destruction_n of_o nabal_n and_o his_o whole_a family_n in_o that_o he_o dispense_v with_o his_o oath_n and_o withhold_v his_o hand_n from_o blood_n but_o if_o the_o thing_n swear_v be_v lawful_a as_o that_o often_o be_v which_o drunkard_n ostentatious_o promise_v than_o we_o must_v look_v second_o what_o and_o how_o great_a the_o excess_n of_o drunkenness_n be_v whether_o in_o a_o degree_n to_o hinder_v only_o or_o perturb_v the_o use_n of_o reason_n or_o utter_o to_o deprive_v of_o understanding_n and_o
some_o assurance_n of_o that_o which_o before_o be_v uncertain_a but_o what_o certainty_n can_v be_v have_v in_o word_n of_o a_o uncertain_a sense_n three_o in_o regard_n of_o the_o party_n swear_v who_o if_o he_o take_v the_o oath_n upon_o that_o condition_n prepare_v either_o scandal_n for_o his_o neighbour_n or_o a_o snare_n for_o himself_o for_o this_o kind_n of_o covin_z can_v be_v imagine_v to_o have_v other_o drift_n then_o either_o that_o other_o may_v be_v draw_v by_o our_o example_n though_o against_o their_o conscience_n to_o take_v the_o same_o oath_n which_o be_v to_o give_v scandal_n unto_o our_o neighbour_n or_o that_o something_o else_o by_o virtue_n of_o that_o oath_n may_v afterward_o be_v require_v of_o we_o which_o be_v either_o unlawful_a or_o inconvenient_a and_o that_o be_v to_o set_v a_o snare_n for_o ourselves_o wherefore_o let_v a_o prudent_a man_n beware_v how_o he_o suffer_v himself_o thus_o to_o be_v impose_v upon_o or_o esteem_v the_o fear_n or_o favour_n of_o any_o at_o that_o rate_n to_o swallow_v the_o bait_n wherein_o he_o know_v certain_o there_o be_v a_o hook_n assure_o that_o the_o act_n of_o swear_v may_v be_v due_o perform_v it_o be_v expedient_a the_o sense_n of_o the_o word_n be_v most_o clear_o agreeed_o upon_o by_o all_o the_o interest_v party_n which_o the_o ancient_n call_v liquido_fw-la jurare_fw-la scis_fw-la tamen_fw-la &_o liquido_fw-la juratus_fw-la dicere_fw-la possess_n and_o it_o appear_v by_o a_o old_a form_n the_o deferent_a when_o he_o offer_v a_o oath_n to_o the_o party_n about_o to_o swear_v be_v wont_a to_o say_v qua_fw-la de_fw-la repeto_fw-la liquido_fw-la jure_v sect_n xi_o but_o enough_o of_o these_o i_o come_v to_o the_o three_o doubt_n which_o be_v of_o the_o sense_n of_o a_o oath_n according_a to_o the_o latitude_n or_o extent_n of_o the_o same_o that_o be_v whether_o the_o sense_n of_o the_o word_n be_v and_o how_o far_o it_o be_v to_o be_v measure_v by_o the_o scope_n the_o first_o case_n be_v where_o the_o cause_n of_o a_o oath_n be_v particular_a yet_o the_o word_n be_v general_a for_o example_n papal_a usurpation_n be_v the_o cause_n of_o the_o oath_n of_o royal_a supremacy_n he_o arrogate_a unto_o himself_o the_o exercise_n of_o supreme_a jurisdiction_n in_o spiritualibus_fw-la throughout_o this_o kingdom_n i_o answer_v such_o a_o oath_n be_v obligatory_a according_a to_o the_o express_a word_n in_o the_o utmost_a latitude_n the_o reason_n be_v that_o the_o intention_n of_o a_o law_n though_o make_v upon_o particular_a occasion_n be_v general_a to_o provide_v against_o all_o future_a inconvenience_n of_o the_o like_a kind_n or_o nature_n and_o therefore_o albeit_o in_o the_o preamble_n of_o a_o law_n particular_a mention_n be_v often_o make_v of_o that_o grievance_n which_o give_v occasion_n to_o enact_v the_o same_o yet_o those_o word_n wherein_o the_o law_n be_v contain_v be_v for_o the_o most_o part_n general_a which_o be_v do_v industrious_o and_o on_o purpose_n by_o lawgiver_n that_o other_o thing_n of_o like_a nature_n may_v fall_v within_o their_o comprehension_n wherefore_o as_o lawyer_n take_v their_o responsal_n upon_o the_o sense_n of_o the_o law_n not_o from_o the_o preamble_n but_o body_n of_o the_o statute_n so_o of_o the_o right_a interpretation_n of_o a_o oath_n ought_v judgement_n to_o be_v make_v not_o from_o the_o preface_n but_o from_o the_o body_n of_o a_o oath_n sect_n xii_o the_o second_o case_n be_v how_o far_o a_o oath_n be_v to_o be_v understand_v with_o some_o condition_n i_o answer_v brief_o first_o if_o the_o word_n contain_v a_o express_a condition_n the_o party_n swear_v be_v not_o bind_v till_o the_o condition_n be_v perform_v as_o if_o caius_n promise_v titius_n a_o hundred_o crown_n to_o morrow_n if_o titius_n give_v he_o this_o day_n possession_n of_o such_o or_o such_o land_n the_o possession_n not_o give_v caius_n be_v not_o bind_v by_o his_o promise_n second_o if_o there_o be_v no_o express_a condition_n yet_o all_o those_o condition_n and_o exception_n which_o be_v presume_v by_o law_n and_o common_a custom_n be_v to_o be_v understand_v as_o i_o will_v do_v this_o or_o that_o if_o god_n permit_v if_o it_o be_v not_o against_o the_o right_n of_o another_o if_o thing_n remain_v as_o now_o they_o stand_v if_o i_o be_v able_a if_o be_v it_o lawful_a etc._n etc._n as_o be_v say_v more_o at_o large_a in_o the_o explanation_n of_o the_o second_o hypothesis_n sect_n xiii_o the_o three_o case_n be_v of_o the_o first_o and_o second_o intention_n for_o the_o seem_v to_o have_v fulfil_v his_o oath_n who_o do_v according_a to_o that_o which_o he_o intend_v in_o the_o second_o intention_n which_o be_v the_o end_n although_o he_o perform_v it_o not_o according_a to_o the_o sound_n of_o the_o word_n which_o contain_v the_o first_o intention_n only_o or_o mean_n for_o example_n if_o a_o man_n engage_v himself_o by_o vow_n oath_n or_o promise_n to_o allow_v ten_o shilling_n a_o month_n to_o the_o poor_a of_o such_o a_o parish_n and_o in_o january_n and_o february_n give_v nothing_o but_o in_o march_n send_v they_o thirty_o shilling_n i_o answer_v that_o if_o the_o party_n swear_v intend_v to_o oblige_v himself_o unto_o the_o substance_n of_o the_o thing_n only_o and_o not_o unto_o the_o circumstance_n and_o manner_n of_o it_o he_o be_v not_o oblige_v unto_o that_o way_n which_o the_o word_n seem_v to_o insinuate_v whence_o in_o the_o example_n propound_v if_o he_o have_v pay_v a_o whole_a three_o month_n pension_n in_o the_o first_o month_n doubtless_o he_o have_v perform_v his_o promise_n yet_o it_o may_v be_v that_o by_o accident_n and_o consequence_n he_o may_v become_v oblige_v even_o unto_o the_o manner_n of_o the_o thing_n because_o every_o man_n be_v oblige_v caeteris_fw-la paribus_fw-la and_o if_o there_o be_v no_o other_o impediment_n in_o doubtful_a matter_n to_o choose_v that_o which_o be_v safe_a as_o in_o the_o example_n propose_v it_o be_v safe_a to_o pay_v the_o pension_n in_o the_o manner_n promise_v that_o be_v rather_o every_o month_n ten_o then_o in_o the_o three_o thirty_o both_o in_o respect_n of_o the_o danger_n of_o sudden_a death_n and_o uncertain_a event_n and_o to_o avoid_v those_o scruple_n which_o may_v arise_v even_o from_o neglect_a circumstance_n i_o shall_v therefore_o advise_v a_o pious_a man_n that_o he_o be_v careful_a to_o fulfil_v every_o of_o his_o vow_n oath_n promise_n according_a unto_o the_o tenor_n of_o the_o word_n and_o of_o his_o intention_n as_o far_o as_o convenient_o he_o may_v even_o to_o the_o slight_a circumstance_n lest_o through_o contempt_n of_o small_a matter_n he_o create_v scruple_n unto_o himself_o or_o by_o degree_n get_v such_o a_o habit_n as_o may_v cause_v he_o to_o contemn_v great_a but_o however_o unto_o one_o thing_n i_o exhort_v all_o and_o it_o be_v the_o sum_n and_o top-stone_n of_o this_o whole_a discourse_n concern_v the_o sense_n and_o interpretation_n of_o oath_n that_o above_o all_o they_o be_v watchful_a lest_o they_o be_v too_o indulgent_a unto_o themselves_o in_o this_o business_n or_o while_o they_o pamper_v their_o own_o desire_n weaken_v the_o bond_n of_o a_o oath_n with_o over_o mild_a and_o loose_a interpretation_n and_o so_o expose_v themselves_o unto_o the_o danger_n of_o perjury_n and_o thus_o muâ—h_n shall_v suffice_v to_o be_v speak_v of_o the_o formal_a cause_n sect_n fourteen_o there_o remain_v a_o little_a to_o be_v say_v of_o the_o final_a cause_n the_o first_o doubt_n be_v when_o a_o thing_n lawful_a in_o itself_o be_v promise_v with_o a_o ill_a intention_n or_o to_o a_o ill_a end_n first_o i_o say_v it_o be_v simple_o unlawful_a to_o promise_v any_o thing_n though_o lawful_a with_o a_o evil_a intention_n or_o to_o a_o evil_a end_n the_o reason_n be_v because_o as_o one_o defect_n in_o any_o humane_a action_n be_v enough_o to_o render_v the_o whole_a action_n evil_a for_o good_a be_v the_o effect_n of_o a_o entire_a cause_n evil_a of_o a_o partial_a so_o especial_o a_o defect_n derogate_a from_o the_o end_n which_o hold_v the_o principal_a place_n in_o moral_a thing_n at_o which_o that_o speech_n of_o our_o saviour_n be_v think_v to_o aim_n but_o if_o thy_o eye_n be_v evil_a thy_o whole_a body_n shall_v be_v full_a of_o darkness_n second_o i_o say_v if_o any_o man_n shall_v have_v swear_v any_o thing_n unto_o another_o for_o a_o dishonest_a end_n yet_o without_o any_o dishonest_a condition_n to_o be_v perform_v by_o the_o party_n he_o be_v oblige_v to_o fulfil_v the_o promise_n if_o a_o man_n promise_v a_o woman_n a_o jewel_n intend_v with_o himself_o to_o engage_v she_o by_o that_o token_n unto_o immodest_a love_n nevertheless_o without_o show_n of_o any_o unchaste_a condition_n he_o be_v bind_v by_o the_o promise_n the_o reason_n of_o each_o be_v because_o it_o be_v lawful_a to_o give_v a_o jewel_n