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britanniae_fw-la speculum_fw-la or_o a_o short_a view_n of_o the_o ancient_n and_o modern_a state_n of_o great_a britain_n and_o the_o adjacent_a isle_n and_o of_o all_o other_o the_o dominion_n and_o territory_n now_o in_o the_o actual_a possession_n of_o his_o present_a sacred_a majesty_n king_n charles_n ii_o treat_v of_o britain_n in_o general_n london_n print_v by_o thomas_n milbourn_n for_o christopher_n hussey_n at_o the_o flower-de-luce_n in_o little_a britain_n m.cd.lxxxiii_o the_o preface_n this_o little_a treatise_n be_v but_o the_o first_o part_n of_o a_o intend_a large_a work_n the_o design_n whereof_o as_o appear_v in_o the_o title-page_n be_v to_o exhibit_v as_o in_o a_o mirror_n a_o view_n of_o the_o ancient_a and_o modern_a state_n not_o only_o of_o this_o our_o island_n of_o great_a britain_n but_o also_o of_o ireland_n and_o all_o other_o his_o majesty_n dominion_n and_o territory_n not_o by_o write_v a_o continue_a chronicle_n or_o history_n of_o all_o the_o king_n 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novelty_n rebel_v against_o their_o sovereign_n and_o usurp_v their_o authority_n as_o be_v late_o here_o do_v by_o the_o rump-parliament_n and_o be_v now_o again_o aim_v at_o by_o the_o factor_n for_o the_o good-old-cause_n the_o better_a to_o excite_v my_o fellow_n subject_n to_o a_o dutiful_a submission_n to_o our_o common_a father_n the_o king_n i_o have_v reminded_a they_o that_o all_o those_o right_n and_o privilege_n to_o the_o preservation_n whereof_o though_o neither_o infringe_v nor_o in_o danger_n of_o be_v so_o the_o popular_a demagogue_n pretend_v to_o call_v they_o forth_o when_o their_o real_a design_n be_v utter_o to_o destroy_v and_o take_v away_o both_o the_o regal_a prerogative_n and_o the_o people_n liberty_n be_v original_o the_o concession_n of_o their_o prince_n and_o therefore_o that_o as_o it_o be_v the_o height_n of_o ingratitude_n to_o employ_v the_o favour_n of_o their_o sovereign_n to_o the_o disturbance_n of_o his_o government_n so_o it_o be_v a_o excess_n 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of_o famous_a memory_n to_o the_o crown_n of_o england_n who_o genealogy_n from_o cadwalladar_n i_o have_v here_o set_v down_o clear_o demonstrate_v his_o present_a sacred_a majesty_n to_o be_v the_o true_a and_o undoubted_a heir_n of_o the_o say_v british_a king_n as_o he_o be_v also_o of_o the_o saxon_a norman_a and_o scotish_n king_n and_o consequent_o to_o have_v a_o clear_a right_n to_o this_o monarchy_n than_o any_o private_a man_n can_v pretend_v to_o his_o estate_n after_o this_o relation_n of_o such_o mutation_n as_o concern_v britain_n in_o general_n i_o give_v a_o general_a account_n of_o the_o present_a government_n of_o this_o island_n and_o here_o according_a to_o my_o duty_n and_o the_o oath_n of_o supremacy_n which_o declare_v the_o king_n to_o be_v the_o only_a supreme_a governor_n admit_v neither_o equal_a nor_o superior_a i_o assert_v the_o sovereignty_n of_o our_o lord_n the_o king_n and_o show_v that_o there_o be_v not_o in_o our_o nor_o can_v
conjecture_v to_o be_v about_o coway_n stake_n near_o oatland_n where_o cassibelan_n have_v cause_v the_o bank_n to_o be_v set_v with_o sharp_a stake_n and_o the_o ford_n knock_v full_a of_o they_o cover_v with_o water_n have_v draw_v up_o his_o man_n in_o great_a number_n to_o oppose_v the_o passage_n of_o the_o roman_n who_o have_v notice_n of_o this_o stratagem_n by_o their_o captive_n with_o great_a circumspection_n enter_v the_o river_n first_o the_o horse_n than_o the_o foot_n wade_v up_o to_o the_o neck_n in_o water_n so_o resolute_o and_o so_o fast_o that_o the_o britain_n have_v bestow_v a_o few_o dart_n upon_o they_o retiâ—…_n into_o wood_n and_o secret_a covert_n where_o line_v with_o their_o horse_n and_o chariot_n the_o road_n through_o which_o caesar_n be_v to_o pass_v and_o drive_v the_o inhabitant_n and_o their_o cattle_n into_o place_n of_o security_n within_o the_o wood_n with_o continual_a and_o unexpected_a sally_n upon_o the_o roman_a horse_n cut_v off_o some_o and_o terrify_v other_o they_o compel_v they_o so_o close_o together_o that_o they_o can_v not_o fetch_v in_o prey_n or_o booty_n without_o ill_a success_n the_o affair_n of_o caesar_n who_o have_v nothing_o leave_v in_o his_o way_n but_o empty_a field_n and_o house_n have_v now_o but_o a_o bad_a aspect_n his_o army_n who_o horse_n dare_v not_o stir_v out_o of_o the_o protection_n of_o their_o foot_n be_v almost_o starve_v when_o a_o dissension_n arise_v among_o the_o britain_n bring_v they_o joyful_a news_n of_o a_o supply_n the_o trinobantes_n one_o of_o the_o most_o potent_a state_n among_o the_o britain_n out_o of_o a_o old_a grudge_n against_o cassibelan_n who_o have_v slay_v their_o king_n immanuentius_n and_o force_v his_o son_n mandubratius_n call_v also_o androgoriâ—…_n and_o androgius_n to_o secure_v his_o life_n bâ—_n flight_n into_o gallia_n send_v ambassador_n to_o caesar_n implore_v his_o protectionâ—_n promise_v obedience_n to_o the_o roman_a state_n and_o desire_v mandubratius_n who_o be_v then_o with_o caesar_n to_o be_v send_v to_o take_v possession_n of_o his_o father_n crown_n caesar_n grant_v their_o request_n have_v first_o demand_v forty_o hostage_n and_o provision_n for_o his_o army_n which_o they_o send_v in_o and_o have_v their_o confine_n protect_v from_o the_o soldier_n by_o their_o example_n do_v several_a other_o state_n also_o submit_v themselves_o from_o who_o caesar_n have_v learn_v that_o cassibelians_n chief_a seat_n suppose_v to_o be_v verulam_n near_o the_o now_o st._n alban_n be_v not_o far_o off_o fence_v about_o with_o wood_n and_o marsh_n and_o full_a of_o man_n and_o cattle_n go_v thither_o assault_v it_o in_o two_o place_n and_o after_o some_o dispute_v force_v the_o britain_n to_o fly_v out_o at_o a_o postern_n gate_n and_o leave_v the_o plunder_n of_o the_o town_n to_o the_o enemy_n by_o who_o many_o of_o they_o be_v cut_v off_o in_o their_o flight_n yet_o do_v not_o cassibelan_n desert_n himself_o but_o send_v into_o kent_n direct_v cingetorix_n carvilius_n taximagulus_n and_o segonax_n four_o king_n reign_v in_o those_o country_n who_o still_o keep_v faithful_a to_o the_o union_n to_o raise_v what_o force_v they_o can_v and_o assault_v the_o camp_n where_o the_o roman_a ship_n be_v entrench_v but_o these_o kentish_a soldier_n be_v raw_a and_o unskilled_a not_o able_a to_o endure_v one_o sally_n be_v total_o rout_v and_o cingetorix_n make_v prisonor_n cassibelan_n inform_v of_o this_o defeat_n and_o see_v the_o treacherous_a defection_n of_o so_o many_o state_n for_o the_o preservation_n of_o himself_o and_o country_n by_o the_o mediation_n of_o comius_n of_o arras_n send_v ambassador_n to_o caesar_n who_o have_v enjoin_v he_o not_o to_o molest_v mandubratius_n and_o the_o trinobantes_n settle_v the_o annual_a tribute_n to_o be_v pay_v by_o the_o britain_n to_o rome_n and_o receive_v hostage_n with_o a_o great_a number_n of_o captive_n put_v off_o to_o sea_n have_v at_o twice_o embark_v his_o whole_a army_n return_v to_o rome_n he_o offer_v to_o venus_n genitrix_n the_o patroness_n of_o his_o family_n a_o corslet_n of_o british_a pearl_n as_o a_o testimony_n of_o his_o glorious_a enterprise_n julius_n caesar_n have_v now_o take_v his_o last_o farewell_n of_o britain_n the_o roman_n hinder_v partly_o by_o civil_a dissension_n and_o partly_o by_o other_o more_o urgent_a affair_n have_v not_o the_o least_o thought_n of_o make_v any_o far_a attempt_n against_o it_o for_o twenty_o year_n together_o when_o octavius_n augustus_n now_o settle_v in_o the_o possession_n of_o the_o roman_a empire_n have_v advance_v as_o far_o as_o gallia_n in_o order_n to_o the_o reduce_n of_o britain_n be_v divert_v by_o a_o revolt_n in_o pannonia_n as_o he_o be_v seven_o year_n after_o by_o the_o unsetledness_n of_o gallia_n and_o the_o come_n of_o the_o british_a ambassador_n thither_o to_o he_o and_o the_o year_n follow_v by_o new_a commotion_n arise_v in_o spain_n be_v so_o often_o cross_v in_o his_o design_n upon_o britain_n he_o no_o more_o bend_v his_o thought_n that_o way_n be_v satisfy_v with_o the_o respect_n pay_v he_o by_o the_o british_a prince_n who_o court_v his_o friendship_n with_o gift_n offer_v in_o the_o capitol_n and_o other_o obsequious_a address_n the_o like_a amicable_a correspondence_n they_o hold_v also_o with_o his_o successor_n tiberius_n who_o more_o high_o to_o oblige_v they_o courteous_o entertain_v and_o send_v home_o the_o soldier_n of_o germanicus_n cast_v by_o tempest_n on_o their_o shore_n caligula_n indeed_o to_o who_o protection_n adminius_n son_n of_o cunobelyn_n banish_v by_o his_o father_n have_v betake_v himself_o make_v semblance_n to_o invade_v britain_n bring_v down_o all_o his_o army_n to_o the_o belgic_a shore_n where_o be_v inform_v that_o the_o britain_n have_v levy_v the_o strength_n of_o their_o nation_n stand_v ready_a to_o oppose_v his_o land_n if_o he_o shall_v make_v any_o attempt_n upon_o they_o he_o command_v his_o soldier_n who_o he_o suppose_v to_o have_v lyncean_a eye_n to_o take_v a_o full_a view_n of_o the_o british_a force_n and_o have_v encourage_v they_o not_o to_o fear_v their_o great_a number_n with_o unmatchable_a valour_n row_v a_o stone_n cast_v or_o two_o from_o the_o shore_n where_o resolute_o defy_v the_o britain_n he_o cause_v the_o engine_n of_o battery_n to_o be_v set_v up_o the_o trumpet_n to_o sound_v a_o charge_n and_o the_o soldier_n to_o fall_v on_o but_o no_o enemy_n appear_v he_o order_v they_o to_o plunder_v the_o ocean_n of_o its_o shell_n and_o therewith_o fill_v their_o helmet_n and_o lap_n and_o that_o the_o memory_n of_o so_o heroic_a a_o enterprise_n may_v not_o be_v lose_v he_o erect_v in_o the_o same_o place_n a_o high_a tower_n wherein_o light_n be_v set_v to_o direct_v mariner_n in_o their_o course_n by_o night_n the_o ruin_n whereof_o sometime_o see_v at_o low-water_n on_o the_o coast_n of_o holland_n be_v to_o this_o day_n by_o the_o inhabitant_n eall_v briten-huis_a conquest_n conquest_n the_o britain_n for_o wellnear_o a_o hundred_o year_n after_o the_o departure_n of_o julius_n caesar_n have_v be_v govern_v by_o their_o own_o prince_n unmolested_a by_o the_o roman_n to_o who_o after_o the_o first_o break_v out_o of_o the_o civil_a war_n they_o pay_v not_o any_o tribute_n except_o such_o easy_a custom_n as_o be_v levy_v on_o the_o commodity_n wherewith_o they_o trade_v into_o gallia_n when_o intestine_a division_n among_o themselves_o make_v way_n for_o a_o roman_a conquest_n claudius_n drusus_n now_o the_o three_o time_n consul_n instigate_v by_o the_o persuasion_n of_o bericus_n of_o who_o there_o be_v no_o far_a knowledge_n and_o other_o fugitive_n who_o the_o britain_n demand_v he_o have_v refuse_v to_o deliver_v up_o and_o they_o for_o that_o cause_n have_v deny_v far_a amity_n with_o rome_n resolve_v upon_o a_o invasion_n of_o britain_n send_v order_n to_o aulus_n plautius_n the_o praetor_n to_o transport_v thither_o the_o legion_n lie_v in_o gallia_n who_o complain_v that_o they_o must_v now_o be_v put_v to_o make_v war_n beyond_o the_o world_n end_n be_v at_o last_o with_o much_o difficulty_n prevail_v upon_o and_o from_o three_o several_a port_n set_v sail_n for_o britain_n but_o meet_v with_o cross_a wind_n be_v drive_v back_o and_o dishearten_v till_o in_o the_o night_n a_o meteor_n dart_v flame_n from_o the_o east_n and_o direct_v as_o they_o fancy_v their_o course_n for_o this_o island_n they_o again_o put_v to_o sea_n and_o land_v without_o opposition_n the_o britain_n who_o have_v hear_v of_o their_o unwillingness_n have_v neglect_v to_o provide_v against_o they_o and_o now_o retire_v into_o the_o wood_n where_o they_o intend_v to_o wear_v they_o out_o with_o delay_n as_o their_o predecessor_n have_v former_o do_v caesar_n the_o british_a army_n be_v command_v by_o two_o young_a son_n of_o the_o decease_a cunobelyn_n who_o keep_v their_o force_n separate_v be_v