power of nominating Bishops in his own Territories whom he left to be Consecrated by others Now on the contrary the Pope would take all power into his own hands allowing no man to be Bishop of what Country soever but whom he pleas'd by which means he would wrest all favours from the Temporal jurisdiction to himself And whereas formerly Clergy-men were commonly marryed and their b Dist 28. c. si quâ—s docuerit c. si quis discernit dist 31. c. Omâ—no confitemur c. Quoniam Romani c. Aliter se Orient Canon-law it self grants them some favour in this case Now the Pope proceeds severely against the married Clergy by Excommunication and so in a manner deprived them of their Beings which was the cause of great troubles in Germany Nor was this all but also Gregory the Seventh thrust himself up above all Dominions and Authorities in the world by the assistance of a puny Synod at Rome thus declaring his Prerogative viz. That onely the Pope of Rome can depose Bishops Baron an 1076. § 31 32 33. That his Legat must take place of all other Bishops in a Council which Legat hath power to depose other Bishops That the Pope can depose those who are absent That it is lawful for the Pope onely according to the necessity of them Time to make new Laws c. That the Pope onely may use the Imperial Ensigns That all Princes are to kiss the feet of the Pope onely That his name is onely to be recited or mentioned in Churches That he hath Authority to depose Emperours That he onely can translate Bishops That no General Synod ought to be call'd without his command That no Book is Canonical without his Authority That his sentence ought not to be revoked by any body That no man ought to be Censured for Appealing to Rome That all Causes of great Importance of what Church soever must be referred to him That the Roman Church neither ever did or can err That there is but one onely name in the World i. e. the Pope That the Pope of Rome if he be Canonically Ordain'd is undoubtedly made Holy by the merits of St. Peter And some other such-like Priviledges as these were also then concluded upon Thus by little and little did the Roman Bishops dwindle the Temporal Authority to nothing by making themselves so great and powerful Alexander the Second had null'd all Lay-Patronage by making it unlawful to receive any Benefice from a secular Authority which then they call'd Simony though gave a Coquaeus p. 513. nothing for it as b Pag. 874 875. Id. pag. 868. Genebrard saith And a little before this Leo the Ninth seemed to ease the Papal See from the Imperial jurisdiction but to no purpose that Chair falling after into the Imperial Nomination as it did also in him But Gregory the Seventh by a particular c 26. Q. 7. Quoniam Investituras Baron an 1078. § 26. Canon null'd and voided all Investitures that should be made to Bishops c. by the Emperour or the secular Prince Though we are told that his Master d S. Hen. Spelman Gloss v. Investur Gregory the Sixth mainly commended this way of nominating or designing Bishops by a Pastoral Staff and Ring by the Temporal Prince whereby the other Bishops might with more Authority and less prejudice Consecrate him and that this had also e G. Carleton's jurisdiction pag. 137 138 139 c. formerly been the practice cannot be denyed and the power of Nomination is yet used by all Christian Princes within their respective Dominions Suchlike actions as these procured some heart-burnings betwixt the Emperour and Popes which at last fell to open divisions and animosity to which the troublesome Saxons were not the least Authors who had for some time born a spite against the Emperour from whose Authority and Protection they had several thoughts and consultations of withdrawing themselves To prevent this Henry had built several strong Castles and Forts amongst them which incensed them more insomuch that they did not onely fortifie and defend themselves but sent to Rome complaints against the Emperour of Oppression and Simony which Vrspergensis saith were f Accusationes blasphemas inauditas false accusations Alexander the Second then Pope upon this took the confidence to send to Henry commanding him to appear at Rome to answer before him such complaints as were laid to his charge but the Pope g An. 1072. dying presently after this Tryal fell to the ground for a time After him was Pope Gregory the Seventh who was first call'd Hildebrand and under that name commonly met withal in History but the Germans who above all things hated him for jestsake used to call him Hellebrand i. e. a Firebrand from Hell they looking upon him to be the cause of all their misfortunes whilst some others magnifie him no less than a Saint Gregory had not been above a year Pope but he sent his Legats into Germany who though they behaved themselves stoutly to the Emperour yet could not procure the Priviledge of having a Synod held there by them the native Bishops not being willing to submit to such Masters the chief of the Opposers being Liemarus Archbishop of Breme whom they undertook to suspend and the Pope afterwards thought he had completed it and at last a An. 1075. excommunicated several Bishops who adher'd to the Emperour And not long after sent an express summons to Henry himself to appear before him at Rome and that if he were not there by such a day he should be forthwith excommunicated The strangeness and boldness of this Papal summons moved the Emperour so much that he not onely sent away the Legats with scorn but sent forth Orders to all Bishops and Abbots to meet him at Worms there to hold a Council who accordingly appear'd in a very great b Amâ—lâ—ssimo numero â—am Schafâ—ab anno 1076. number where having drawn up many Accusations and Crimes against Gregory they adjudge him not fit to be Pope declare his Election void whatever he shall do as Pope after that day to be null and of no effect and so deprive him from the Popedom And to this having subscribed they sent Rowland of Parma to declare the same at Rome In the mean time Gregory had call'd a Synod at Rome which being met Rowland appears amongst them and there boldly declares to the Popes face how the Emperour and the Bishops of Italy Germany and France in a Council had deprived the said Pope But Gregory to requite this kindness the next day excommunicates and deprives the chief of the Bishops who were at Worms and for the rest he appoints a set time for them to repent and submit to him which if they did not obey then were they also partakers of the same sauce Nor doth he forget the Emperour but very dapperly excommunicates and deprives him of his Dominions and Authority The chief part of which Deposition
Et sera ce premier Article leu par chacun an tant â—s Cours Souveraines qu' es Bailliages Seneschaucees du dit Royaume a l'ouverture des audiences pour estre garde observe avec toute severite rigueur To hinder the spreading of the pernicious Doctrine lately taught and maintain'd by some seditious spirits enemies to good Government against Kings and Soveraign Powers His Majesty shall be humbly desired that there shall be establish'd by the three Estates for a Fundamental Law of the Land to be kept and known by all men That the King being acknowledged head in his Dominions holding his Crown and Authority onely from God there is no power on Earth whatever spiritual or Temporal that hath any right over his Kingdom either to depose our Kings or dispence with or absolve their Subjects from the fidelity and obedience which they owe to their Soveraign for any cause or pretence whatever That all his Subjects of what quality or Condition soever shall keep this Law as holy true and agreeable to Gods Word without any distinction equivocation or limitation whatsoever which shall be sworn and signed by all the Deputies of the Estates and henceforward by all who have any Benefice or Office in the Kingdom before they enter upon such Benefice or Office and that all Tutors Masters Regents Doctors and Preachers shall teach and publish that the contrary Opinion viz. that it is lawful to kill and depose our Kings to rebel and rise up against them and shake off our Obedience to them upon any occasion whatever is impious detestable quite contrary to Truth and the establishment of the State of France which immediately depends upon God onely That all Books teaching these false and wicked Opinions shall be held as seditious and damnable All strangers who write and publish them as sworn Enemies to the Crown and that all Subjects of his Majesty of what Quality and Condition whatever who favour them as Rebels violators of the Fundamental Laws of the Kingdom and Traytors against the King And if there be a Book or discourse writ by any forraign Church-man or any other that then the Clergy of the same Orders establish'd in France shall be obliged continually to answer oppose and confute them without any respect ambiguity or equivocation upon pain to be punish'd as abovesaid as a favourer of the Enemies of the State And this Article shall be read every year in the Soveraign Courts Bayliwicks and Seneschalships of the said Kingdom and at the opening of their Courts of Audience that they may be the better preserved and observed with all rigor and severity This startles the Clergy who with the Noblesse presently set themselves against the third Estate somewhat like our House of Commons with a resolution to expunge this honest and loyal Proposition yet declared their continuable obedience to their King And as a main Engine to carry this their design about they desired Jaque Davie the famous Cardinal of Perron to endeavour to work over to them the third Estate knowing that his voluble Tongue used to be carryed on with so much Learning Judgement and Sweetness that it seldom mist of that it spoke for Accordingly attended with some Lords and Bishops as Representatives of their respective Estates and so to shew to the Commons that both the other did agree so in judgement in this case with the learned Cardinal that he spoke not onely his own but their Opinions too He though at that time somewhat indisposed went accordingly where he made a very long Speech to shew the unreasonableness and absurdity of the foresaid proposition endeavouring to prove by Reason that sometimes Kings should and by Example that they had been deposed their Subjects being justly quit from their Oaths of Allegiance and so not bound to obey them The Harangue it self being large I refer you to it in his Diverses Oeuvres Yet this Oration wrought little upon the third Estate which hugely troubled all their Cergy and the Popes Nuntio then at Paris and a Hist de Louis XIII pag. 49. Scipion Dupleix one of the Kings Historiographers can accuse the Article with manifest absurdity by which he shews his compliance with the rest in this Doctrine But the Pope Paul the Fifth shew'd himself most troubled in his Letter to Perron dated from Rome Febr. 1615. he call'd it a Detestable Decree and the voters of it Enemies to the Common good and quietness and mortal adversaries to the Chair of Rome But at the same time gives the Cardinal all the commendations and thanks that can be But our King James was not so complemental nor had he Reason For the Cardinal in his Speech having several reflections against the Government of England the cruelty of her Laws the persecution of the Roman Catholicks and shew'd himself mainly concern'd against our Oath of Allegiance which did not a little reflect upon the King himself upon which his Majesty looking upon this Cardinal as somewhat too busie in putting his Oar in another mans Boat and so concern'd to have somewhat of justice done him by his Ambassador publickly complain'd of this affront to the young King the Queen-mother and others and himself publickly answered the Speech But this was no trouble to the Cardinal who was hugely complemented and magnified from several Bishops and other great persons for this his Speech and valiantly defending the right of the Church But how to end this grand Controversie amongst the Estates was the cause of some Consultations at last the King was cunningly perswaded to take it to himself which he did affirming he understood his own Right and Possession and so forbad them to determine any thing about it However the two Estates were gallantly caressed by two Breves from the Pope stufft with Commendations and thanks for their Doctrine and valour for the Church But enough of Perron and the French Estates now in a manner neglected in that Kingdom And should we look upon our own Oath of Allegiance made onely upon a politick account for the prevention of Treason we might see it as strongly opposed and girded at as that of France For no sooner was it made that horrid Gunpowder-plot being a main Motive but Paul the Fifth absolutely forbad it to be taken by two Breves sent into England and presently began a Paper-scuffle on all sides Bellarmine Gretzer Parsons Coquaeus Scioppius and many others by might and main opposing its taking but they were instantly answered not onely by King James himself but several of his learned Subjects as Bishop Andrews Dr. Abbot Carleton Donne Prideaux Burbill Widdrington or Preston a Benedictan Monk for which there were Rods laid in piss for him by the Romanists and several others Amongst those who zealously opposed it was one Adolphus Schulckenius but whether a true name or no I know not yet he is very furious in behalf of the Popes deposing of Kings and this he tells us the Pope may do by the
Whether the Pope have power to discharge any of her Highness Subjects or the Subjects of any Christian Prince from the Allegiance or Oath of Obedience to her Majesty or to their Prince for any cause V. Whether the said Dr. Saunders in his Book of his visible Monarchy of the Church and Dr. Bristow in his Book of Motives writing in Both of them affirming that Kings may be deposed by the Pope allowance commendation and confirmation of the said Bull of Pius the Fifth have therein taught testified or maintain'd a truth or a to falshood VI. If the Pope do by his Bull or sentence pronounce her Majesty to be deprived and no lawful Queen and her Subjects to be discharged of their Allegiance and obedience unto her and after the Pope or any other by his appointment and authority do invade this Realm which part would you take or what part ought a good Subject of England take The Answer of Mr. Luke Kirby LUke Kirby To the First he saith that the Resolution of this Article dependeth upon the general Question whether the Pope may for any cause depose a Prince Wherein his Opinion is that for some causes he may lawfully depose a Prince and that such a sentence ought to be â—beyed II. To the second he thinketh that in some cases as infidelity or such-like her Majesty is not to be obeyed against the Popes Bull and sentence for so he saith he hath read that the Pope hath so done de facto against other Princes III. To the third he saith he cannot answer IV. To the fourth that the Pope for Infidelity hath such power as is mentioned in this Article V. To the fifth he thinketh that both Dr. Saunders and Dr. Bristow might be deceived in these points in their Books but whether they were deceived or not he referreth to God VI. To the last he saith that when the case shall happen he must then take counsel what what were best for him to do Luke Kirby John Popham Da. Lewes Thomas Egerton John Hammond Mr. Thomas Cottoms Answer THomas Cottom To the first in this and in all other Questions he believeth as the Catholick Church which he taketh to be the Church of Rome teacheth him And other answer he maketh not to any of the rest of these Articles By me Thomas Cottom Priest John Popham Da. Lewes Thomas Egerton John Hammond Mr. Lawrence Richardsons Answer LAwrence Richardson To the fifth he answereth that so far as Dr. Saunders and Dr. Bristow agree with the Catholick Doctrine of the Church of Rome he alloweth that Doctrine to be true And touching the first and all the rest of the Articles he saith that in all matters not repugnant to the Catholick Religion he professeth obedience to her Majesty and otherwise maketh no answer to any of them But believeth therein as he is taught by the Catholick Church of Rome Lawrence Richardson John Popham Da. Lewes Thomas Egerton John Hammond Mr. Thomas Ford's Answer I. THomas Ford. To first he saith that he cannot answer because he is not privy to the circumstances of that Bull but if he did see a Bull published by Gregory the Thirteenth he would then deliver his Opinion thereof II. To the second he saith that the Pope hath Authority to depose a Prince upon certain occasions and when such a Bull shall be pronounced against her Majesty he shall then answer what the duty of her Subjects and what her right is III. To the third he saith he is a private Subject and will not answer to any of these Questions IV. To the fourth he saith that the Pope hath Authority upon certain occasions which he will not name to discharge Subjects of their Obedience to their Prince V. To the fifth he saith that Dr. Saunders and Dr. Bristow be learned men and whether they have taught truely in their Books mentioned in this Article he referreth to answer to themselves for himself will not answer VI. To the last he saith that when that case shall happen he will make answer and not before Thomas Forde John Popham Da. Lewes Thomas Egerton John Hammond Mr. John Sherts Answer JOhn Shert To all the Articles he saith that he is a Catholick and swerveth in no point from the Catholick Faith and in other sort to any of these Articles he refuseth to answer John Shert John Popham Da. Lewes Thomas Egerton John Hammond Mr. Robert Johnsons Answer I. RObert Johnson To the first he saith he cannot answer II. To the second he cannot tell what power or authority the Pope hath in the points named in this Article III. To the third he thinketh that the Pope hath authority in some cases to authorize Subjects to take arms against their Princes IV. To the fourth he thinketh that the Pope for some causes may discharge Subjects of their Allegiance and Obedience to their natural Prince V. To the fifth he saith the Answer to this Article dependeth upon the lawfulness of the cause for which the Pope hath given sentence against her But if the cause was just then he thinketh the Doctrine of Dr. Saunders and Dr. Bristow to be true Whether the cause were just or not he taketh not upon him to judge VI. To the last he saith that if such deprivation and invasion should be made for temporal matters he would take part with her Majesty but if it were for any matter of his Faith he thinketh he were then bound to take part with the Pope Robert Johnson John Popham Da. Lewes Thomas Egerton John Hammond Mr. John Harts Answer I. JOhn Hart. To the first he saith that it is a difficult Question and that he cannot make answer thereunto II. To the second he saith that her Majesty is lawful Queen and ought to be obeyed notwithstanding the Bull supposed to be published by Pius the Fifth But whether she ought to be obeyed and taken for a lawful Queen notwithstanding any Bull or sentence that the Pope can give he saith he cannot answer III. To the third he cannot answer and further saith that he will not meddle with any such Questions IV. To the fourth he saith he is not resolved and therefore he cannot answer V. To the fifth he saith he will not deal with any such Questions and knoweth not whether Saunders and Bristow have taught well herein or not VI. To the last he saith that when such a case shall happen he will then advise what becometh him to do for presently he is not resolved This he did acknowledge to us after he had fully perused the same but refused to subscribe to it John Popham Da. Lewes Thomas Egerton John Hammond Mr. William Filbee's Answer I. WIlliam Filbee To the first he saith the Pope hath authority to depose any Prince and such sentences when they be promulgated ought to be obeyed by the subjects of any Prince But touching the Bull of Pius the Fifth he can say nothing but if it was such as it is affirmed to be he doth allow
some cases as if the Prince should force his People to be a a Allow one or two Exceptions and twenty will follow if the Romanists be Judges Prateo lus Elench Haeret. § Mahometes compares the Protestants to the Turks Gifford Prâ—f in lib. D. Reinald Calvino-Turcismus saâ—th that the Protestants belief is worse than the Alcoran Mahometans Jewes Pagans or Infidels the Pope may discharge his Subjects of their Allegiance and Obedience otherwise due to him III. That the King Bishops Peers and Commons in Parliament cannot declare or censure the opinion which alloweth the Popes power to excommunicate and deprive Kings to be Impious and Heretical IV. That it is gross Ignorance and False not to believe that the Pope or any other have power to absolve Subjects of their Oaths of Obedience and Allegiance V. That this Oath of Allegiance though taken is not obligatory nor hath any power to binde Thus we see the foundation of Government shaken Oaths and Obedience brought to be but trifles and Supream Authority and Rule upon the common-canting whining pretence of Religion consumed to nothing Leonardus Lessius a Jesuite of great repute under the false name Discussio Decreti Mag. Concil Lateran of Guilielmus Singletonus is very zealous for this Authority to be in the Pope Tells us in one place that if the Pope b Si sam Pont. non haberet illam potestatem in Tâ—mporalia Ecclesia errarâ—t in Doctrina morum quidem circa res gravissimas Docet enim Principe per sententiam summi Pont. abdicato omnes subditos ab ejus obedientia esse solutos ditionem ejus ab alio posse occupari ut ex Conciliis constat Discuss Decret Concil Lat. pag 46. have not this power then the Church of necessity must err because it teacheth such jurisdiction to lye in the Pope but to affirm so of the Church viz. that she erreth is Heretical nay that this error viz. that the Pope cannot depose Kings c Id. Pag. 90. Hic enim error longe perniciosior erit magisque intolerabilis quam error circa aliquod Sacramentum is more pernicious and intolerable than an error concerning some of the Sacraments for 't is a d Id. Pag. 100. certain and undoubted received Opinion of the Church and therefore he e Id Pag. 123. conjures all Catholicks as they love the salvation of their Souls to have a care of doubting of it or believing the contrary for it f Ad sidem pertinere sive ita cum rebus fidei Religionis esse conjunctam ut absque sanae Doctrinae injuria non videatur posse negaâ—i belongs to faith or agrees so neer with it that it cannot be denyed without great injury to sound Doctrine And whether this Lessius in another of his Books concerning the a De potestate summi Pontifici Popes power maintains any Tenents more dangerous than these I know not no more than I do the reasons that made them suppress it though many years ago printed The Lawyer b De sindicatu Summar 4. § 56 57 58 59. Paris de Puteo from the Canon-law and other such-like authorities gathers that the Pope may depose Kings or Emperours and the old c Dist 40 Si Papa Gloss Glassator upon Gratian standing upon the same sandy Foundation maintains the same proposition against the latter and with these agree another Lawyer d Et Imperator debet confirmari à Papa tanquam superiore ab eo examinare approbari ac incongi consecraâ—i coronari si est dignus vel rejici si est indignus puta si esset sacrilegus excommunicatus licet esset electus ab Electoribus Imperii Jo. Bapt. Plot. Consilium § 64. Johannes Baptista Plotus In the year 1619. Frederick Elector Palatine of Rhine being over-perswaded by the Bohemians who had then denyed Ferdinand the Emperour to be their King to take upon him the Government over them was after some Wars overcome by the Imperialists and bereft not onely of that Kingdom but the rest of his Territories Upon this great consultation is had privately at Rome to get another Elector into his place and for the person they need not study long The Duke of Bavaria having his great expence in this War against the Bohemians and the Jesuits to whom he was a great Benefactor had a particular Devotion and was in all things sway'd by them to speak loud in his behalf and besides which was no small mover his Zeal for the cause of Rome Frederick being a Protestant and thus laid by would thus over-sway the reformed Electors in number whereby the Empire probably would still be ruled by that Religion These and other like reasons made Pope Gregory the Fifteenth and his Nephew and Favourite Cardinal Ludovisio who was also made Protector of the Irish to be earnest with the Emperour about it which at last though the Spaniard at its first motion seem'd not to like took effect and Maximilian Duke of Bavaria obtain'd that honour 1623. But that which I most aim at in this story is the Paper of advice or reasons to perswade to this action presented to the Pope and Cardinals by Michel Lonigo da Esle belonging to his Holiness in which is strongly pleaded for Bavaria ranting and boasting in a whole beadrole what pretty pranks and tricks the Popes have formerly acted over Kings and Emperours by interdicting excommunicating and deposing them altering and changing of Empires and Kingdoms and in one place speaks boldly and plainly thus It is in the Popes hands as appeareth by all Histories to renew the Emperours in their Empire to translate the authority of one Nation to another and utterly to abolish the right of Election And that Rome did think her power over Kings by way of punishment to be just and really her own you may partly guess from this following story No sooner came forth our Oath of Allegiance for the preservation Ro. Widdrington's Theological Disputation cap. 10. Sect. 2. § 52 53. c. of the King and security of his Kingdoms but Father Parsons at Rome sollicited the Pope for his Breves against it which were obtain'd but before they were sent into England this Jesuite wrote a Letter hither to intimate though falsly that he was for mitigation but that true enough the rest were for the Popes power against the King but take his own words as they are delivered to us by an honest Benedictine About some four or five Months ago it was consulted by seven or eight of the Learned'st Divines that could be chosen who gave their judgement of it Their Reasons are many but all deduced to this that the Popes Authority in chastising Princes upon a just account is de fide and consequently cannot be deny'd when it is call'd into Controversie without denying of our Faith nor that the Pope or any other Authority can dispense in this For if the Question were de facto and
not de jure to wit whether the Pope might justly in this or that occasion excommunicate or depose this or that Prince upon these or these causes or whether precedent Popes have done well therein or no then might some of those reasons which you say your Friends do alledge be admitted into consideration to wit whether it would be in aedificationem or destructionem do hurt or good be profitable or improfitable or whether the causes be sufficient or no for without cause none holdeth that the Pope may depose or whether the due form of admonition touched in your Letters were observed But for as much as the Question is de Potestate of the See Apostolick power what it may do upon any cause or against any Catholick Prince whatsoever these considerations of temporal hurt cannot enter Besides these I have conferred the matter with Cardinal Bellarmine and sundry others of great Learning and Conscience and all are of Opinion in this case that the form of the Oath as it lyeth is Heretical and no way may be admitted by him that will not deny the Catholick Faith I have had occasion twice to speak with his Holiness the first in company of Mr. Thomas Fitzherbert where we proposed certain manners of Mitigation suggested by Friends c. Where to his Holiness answered That as for any actual using Censures against his Majesty he meant not but rather all courtesie but as for the Authority of the See Apostolick to wit for using of Censures he was resolved and would rather loose his head than yeild one jot The second he being informed that some Priests did seem to incline to the taking of the Oath he answered He could not hold them for Catholicks c. What an enemy this Parsons was to his Native Country we may discourse of hereafter onely at this time we shall go no farther than what belongs to the Popes power now in hand yet we may observe by the by that whatever he writ he never put his own name to it but sometimes false ones and sometimes onely two Letters which he commonly alter'd in every new Pamphlet stuft up onely with evasions resolved to let the Romanists know what he meant but would never acknowledge any thing to be proved against him yet an indifferent Judge will acknowledge his hints to be bold enough In one place thus he tells the Learned Morton You know that deposition of Princes is an effect of Excommunication P. R. Quiet and sober reckoning pag. 64. and can never happen by Ecclesiastical Authority but where Excommunication hath gone before And I would ask M. Morton in good earnest out of his Divinty when a Christian Prince is lawfully excommunicated and shut out from all society of Christian Communion and he persists Impenitent how can he be head of a Christian Common-wealth for so much as he is no member nor hath any place or part at all in the whole body the head-ship being the chief part of all others In another place he telleth thus his own Principles from his learned Opponent Catholick Subjects do believe that in some cases there is power Id. Pag. 80. left by God in the Church and the Head thereof the Bishop of Rome over Princes to use not onely spiritual Censures for restraint of Exorbitant Excesses but Temporal Remedies also either directly or indirectly when urgent necessity of the Common-wealth should require All Catholick Subjects also of other Countries do hold and acknowledge Id. Pag. 81. this Doctrine In another of his Books against the foresaid Oath of Allegiance to the objection that some Roman Catholicks had taken it he thus answereth The judgement of a Catholick English-man in a Letter touching the Oath of Allegiance p. 18. § 30. I cannot but in charity assure my self that they being Catholicks took the said Oath for so much as concerneth the Popes Authority in dealing with Temporal Princes in some such lawful sence and interpretation as being by them expressed and accepted by the Magistrate may stand with the integrity and sincerity of true Catholick Doctrine and Faith to wit that the Pope hath not Authority without just cause to proceed against them But concerning the general Question to deny simply and absolutely Ib. Pag. 19. § 31. That the Pope is Supream Pastor of the Catholick Church hath any Authority left him by Christ either directly or indirectly with cause or without cause in never so great a necessity of the Christian Religion to proceed against any Prince whatsoever Temporally for his restraint or amendment or to permit other Princes to do the same This I suppose was never their meaning that took the Oath for that they should thereby contradict the general consent of all Catholick Divines and confess that Gods Providence for the Conservation and Preservation of his Church and Kingdom upon earth had been defectuous for that he should have left no lawful Remedy for so great and excessive an evil as that way might fall out And if you look but a little a Id. P. 85. § 25. farther you will see where the Shoe pincheth and that to deny the Popes power to depose Kings is one of the main reasons they have against this Oath the Affirmative being one of the greatest Pillars that upholds their puissant Hierarchy right or wrong And in another of his b Temperate Ward-word p. 53 54. Pamphlets you will see him close with Cardinal Allen Sanders and suchlike against Princes in behalf of the Popes power over them Nor need we question his attributing this Authority to the See of Rome when he alloweth the same to the People not onely telling them that they may Rebel against c See his R. Dolemans conference about the Crown but depose their King too and it may be worse of which in its due place But enough of Robert Parsons at this time unless he were better And if we consult some others abroad we shall finde d Con. in 2. 2. D. Tho. pag. 63. § 151. Johannes Wiggers e Com. in 2. 2. Aquin. Quest 12. art 2. Hieronymus de Medicis the Dominican f In 2. 2. D. Tho. in Summario Conclusionum d. 57. conclus 2. Luisus Turrianus the Spanish Jesuit g Com. in 2. 2. Quest 1. art 10. disp 8. Johannes Malderus Bishop of Antwerp and h De potestate Ecclesiastica fol. 154. Potest Papa jure optimo à gradu dignitate sua omnem Regem Principem dejicere non solum propter Heresim Schisma propter quam vis aliam sceleâ—osam impietatem verum etiam propter secordiam negligentiam ad regendum ineptitudinem si praesertim ejusmodi sit ut Regnum periclitetur Christianorum Johannes Antonius Delphinus allow that Kings may justly be deposed and that by the Pope and to these we may add Carolus Scribanius the Dutch Jesuit under the false name of i Amphitheatrum Honoris lib. 1. cap. 12. Clarus Bonarscius
which wicked means their Popes make themselves also guilty and other ways they have been sufficiently infamous for this Gregory the Twelfth is in this case noted in story for having taken a solemn Oath that if he were chosen Pope he would lay down the Title and Authority again if Pedro de Luna an Anti-pope would do so too the better to quell the Schism but having thus obtained the Papacy I shall refer you to c De schismate lib. 3. Theodore à Niem to see how he cheated and jugled against his former Oath not onely in this but also in creating Cardinals and the Perjury of Paschal the Morney pag. 287. Second against the Emperour Henry the Fourth is as notorious V. Feuardentius saith that if a King be guilty of Murther he may Com in Est pag. 92. justly be deposed though he do nothing with his own hands but consent to other Instruments Though the crime be great yet Interest will oft judge amiss Boucher and Verone look upon those as Murtherers who caus'd the deaths of Clement and Chastel though the first stab'd Henry the Third and the other indeavoured to kill Henry the Fourth of France And the Jesuite Garnet hath been several times publish'd a Martyr though he worthily suffer'd for high Treason in not discovering the Powder-treason though he knew of the design But if these may go for Martyrs I know no reason but Pope Paul the Third may pass for a Saint for poysoning his Mother and Nephew that the Palâ—us lib. 5. whole Inheritance of the Fernese of which Family he was might come to him and for destroying by the same means his own Sister because she was as kinde to others imbraces as his own And upon the same account might Alexander the Sixth be canoniz'd for poysoning a Gâ—â—ccâ—ardin lib. 2. Gemes brother to the great Turk for filthy Avarice as he also did several b Id. lâ—b 6. Cardinals upon the same account VI. The same Franciscan assures the world that if a King be guilty Com. in Fâ—â—h pag. 96 of Simony by selling Ecclesiastical Benefits he may be deposed This fault I suppose to be below Monarchs who have several lawful means to fill their Coffers but I wish it were not practised so much as it is by those who are but fellow-subjects with the buyers And the worldly gallant who useth it may probably have his purchasing Parson a roaring Chaplain to his wicked Patronship in a world fitted for the covetous but we shall not at this time follow Truth too neer the heels But were not this Vice beneficial Pope Paul Platina the Second would not have been so given to it who basely sold all the Benefits both Civil and Ecclesiastical And Alexander the Sixth Gâ—â—ccâ—ardin lib. 1. got the Popedom more by Simony than any desert in himself VII c Bannes in 2. 2. q. 12. art 3. col 478. Valent. Tom. 3. disp 1. quaest 12. punct 2. Pâ—tr de Aragon in 2. 2. D. Tho. pag. 229. Hieron de Medicis in 2. 2. q. 12. art 2. conclus 2. Baleus Act. Pont. Estienne Apol pour Herodot pag. 292. Others of them say that a King may be deposed for Apostacie And I warrant you they will make the interpretation of the word submit to their pleasures Yet in the mean time we are told how true I know not that Pope Leo the Tenth should call the History of Christ a fable and that Paul the Third in anger once said that he would renounce Christ if the Procession went not faster on VIII If a King be guilty of d Jo. Bapt. Plotus Consilium § 64. Jo. Bapt. Bolard addit ad Julii Clari pract Crim. q. 35. § 6. Feuard pag. 93. Sacriledge they say he may justly be deprived and yet who hath been more criminal in this than some of their Popes Alexander the Sixth was so noted for it that this Distick was made of him Vendit Alexander Cruces Altaria Christum Emerit ipse prius vendere jure potest Alexander sold his Altars Christ and Crosses He bought so sold them men live not by losses And upon Leo the Tenth Sannazarius the famous Neapolitan Poet made this smart Sarcasm Sacra sub extrema si forte requiritis hora Cur Leo non potuit sumere vendiderat Leo could have the Sacrament no more Though dying ' cause he 'd sold it long before And e Ann. 1229. pag. 362. Matthew Paris assures us that Pope Gregory the Ninth was such a gaper after Church-moneys that the Bishops in England were forced to sell and pawn all their Plate and Furniture belonging to the Altar to satisfie him And whether Authority doth commit Sacriledge in commanding Images to be taken out of Churches let the busie Bigots determine yet History will tell us that Pope Gregory the Third proceeded against the Emperour Leo for the same account IX If a King be a a Azorius Institut lib. 10. cap. 8. lib. 11. cap. 6. Suarez defens fid lib. 6. c. 4. § 22. Feuard p. 91. Jo. Mar. Bellettus disquisit Clericalis pag. 282. § 209 210. Alph. Alvarez Speculum cap. 16. § 8. Petr. de Palude Art 4. Lud. a Paramo de origine S. Inquisit lib. 1. cap. 1. Greg. Nunnius Coronel de optimo Reipub statu pag. 545. Jo. Anton. Delphinus de potestate Eccles pag. 154. Schismatick or a favourer of Schismaticks they say he may then be deposed And yet no Church hath been so much rent with Schisms as that of Rome having sometimes at the same time several men declaring themselves to be the true Popes and justly elected and every one of them having some Prince or other to stand by them and at last 't was sometimes carried by strong hand And that which began in Pope Vrban the Sixth's time was so long and violent that it lasted fifty years X. We are told that for violence done to Cardinals the King guilty Feuardent pag. 94. of that crime may be deposed A people at first but of common repute being but Priests or Deacons belonging to this or that Church and so far inferiour to Bishops though since that the Popes have rais'd them to be next to themselves and equal to Kings and Princes and now carry such a sway in that all-ruling Court at Rome that happy is that Monarch that can get a friend by much begging and greazing to be honour'd with that title and sometimes a red Hat covers both youth and ignorance Many of these have imploy'd themselves in secular affairs and if L'Homme d'estat pag. 257 c. either in this or the other they become faulty there is no reason but that they are lyable to punishment as well as their Neighbours if Queen Elizabeth had got Cardinal Allen into her custody she might with more reason have punish'd him for his many Treasons against her and his Country by declaring her to be no true Queen and in assisting the Spaniards against
and dated his Letters from the year of his Popedom And now I talk of datings I might speak here of Philip the First of France of his Excommunication An. 1100. and how some would thence conclude that he was thereby deprived from his Kingdom and bring for a proof some datings not with the Raign of the King but the year and Rule of Christ under this form Regnante Christo But seeing c Hist de France tom 2. p. 89. § 5. Scipion Dupleix slights it as of no validity and that vastly read David Blondellus hath in a particular large a De formulae Regnante Christo usu Treatise shewn its mistake and that such Forms have been many times used when no Excommunication or Censure obliged it I shall not trouble the Reader nor my self any farther with it CHAP. III. 1. The Kings of England denyed the Popes Coercive Authority over them or their Dominions 2. The troubles of England by the arrogancie and obstinacie of Thomas à Becket against his Soveraign King Henry the Second Sect. 1. The Kings of England denyed the Popes Coercive Authority over them or their Dominions HAving now seen in part how the greatest Emperours have been tost about by the Popes it will not be amiss to hint at their indeavours to reduce England to the slavery of their humours and what may we not expect from their pretended grand Spiritual jurisdiction when we shall see an Archbishop and a born Subject too bandy against his Soveraign Henry the Second which story is here related As for England the Pope would be Lord over it as well as other Nations nor did his Religion any way advance the Obedience and Allegiance of Subjects For though one Pope had approved of King William the First his Conquest by sending him a b Speed book 9. c. 2. § 2. consecrated Banner an Agnus Dei and one of St. Peters Hairs in way of his good speed Yet the next Pope viz. Gregory the Seventh demands fealty from him as may appear by the Kings Dr. Geo Hakewell's Answ to Dr. Cariers Letter pag. 141. Answer in Sir Robert Cottons Library Hubertus Legatus tuus Religiose Pater ad me veniens ex tua parte me admonuit quatenus tibi successoribus tuis fidelitatem facerem de pecunia quem Antecessores mei ad Romanam Ecclesiam mittere solebant melius cogitarem unum admisi alterum non admisi fidelitatem facere nolui nec volo quia nec ego promisi nec Antecessores meos Antecessoribus tuis id fecisse comperio Hubert your Legat Holy Father coming unto me advertised me as from you that I was to do fealty to you and your Successors and that I should bethink my self better of the Money which my Predecessors were wont to send the Church of Rome the one I admitted the other I admitted not The fealty I would not perform neither will I because neither my self promised it nor do I finde that my Predecessors performed it to yours Upon which refusal some suppose Gregory returned that furious and uncivil Letter seen amongst his other a Lib. 7. Ep. 1. Epistles to his said Legat Hubert in which he accused the King of Impudence and that he had done more against the Church than all the b Nemo omnium Regni etiam Paganorum contra Apostolicam sedem hoc praesumpsit centare quod is non eâ—ubuâ—â— facere Ib. Pagan Kings themselves had offer'd Nor did his Son King Henry the First acknowledge any subjection to the See of Rome for though Pope Paschal the Second expected it and accordingly thus wrote to him to put him in minde of it Paschalis servus servorum Dei dilecto filio Henrico illustri Anglorum Regi salutem Apostolicam Benedictionem Cum de manu Domini largius honorem divitias pacemque susceperis miramur vehementius gravamur quod in Regno potestateque tua Beatus Petrus in B. Petro Dominus honorem suum justitiamque perdiderit Sedis enim Apostolica Nuntii vel literae praeter jussum Regiae Majestatis nullam in potestate tua susceptionem vel aditum promerentur nullus inde clamor nullum inde judicium ad sedem Apostolicam destinatur Paschal the servant of servants of God to our beloved Son Henry the renowned King of England health and Apostolical Benediction Since you have plentifully received Honour Riches and Peace from the hand of the Lord We exceedingly wonder and take it in ill part that in your Kingdom and under your Government St. Peter and in St. Peter the Lord hath lost his Honour and Right in as much as the Nuntio's and Breves of the See Apostolick are not thought worthy entertainment or admittance into your Dominions without your Majesties Warrant No Complaint now no Appeal comes from thence to the Apostolick See To which King Henry the First after some terms of Complement replies in this manner Eos Honores eam Obedientiam quam tempore Patris mei Antecessores vestri in Regno Anglia habuerunt tempore meo ut habeatis volo eo videlicet tenore ut dignitates usus consuetudines quas Pater meus tempore Antecessorum vestorum in Regno Angliae Ego tempore vestro in eodem Regno meo integre obteneam Notumque habeat Sanctitas vestra quod me vivente Deo auxiliante Dignitates usus Regni Angliae non minuentur Et si Ego quod absit in tanta me dejectione ponerem Optimates mei imo totius Angliae populus id nullo modo pataretur Habita igitur Charissime Pater utiliori deliberatione ita se erga nos moderetur benignitas vestra ne quod invitus faciam à vestra me cogatis recedere obedientia That Honour and Obedience which your Predecessors had in the Kingdom of England during the raign of my Father my will is that you should have in my time with this condition That my self fully and wholly enjoy all the Dignities Prerogatives and Customs which my Father enjoy'd in the said Kingdom in the time of your Predecessors And I would that your Holiness should understand that during my life the Dignities and Prerogatives of the Crown of England by Gods Grace shall not be diminished And if I should so far debase my self which God forbid my Lords and Commons would by no means indure it Wherefore most dear Father upon better advice let your gentleness be so tempered towards us that I be not inforced which I should unwillingly do to withdraw my self from your obedience But to save my self trouble I shall refer the Reader to Sir a Rep. part 5. Edward Coke and Mr. b Hist of the the Popes intolerable Usurpations Prynne where he may abundantly satisfie himself that the Kings of England not onely slighted the Papal Coercive Power but all along exercised Authority in and over Ecclesiastical Causes Though the Pope made it his business to trample upon all Temporal Jurisdiction and make it a meer
made Archbishop Nay more when we see the Popes Legates and the Archbishops and Bishops of France earnestly perswade him to humble himself to his King And again the Legates to accuse him even to the Pope of his o An. 1168. § 33. provoking the King of France and Earl of Flanders against his own Soveraign of writing lyes to his Holiness against his own King and that his words neither tended to judgement nor peace And lastly when he hears the Nobility and others of his own Nation pronounce him a p Speed § 23. Bar. anno 1164. § 3â— 31. Traytor to his face And John Harding a zealous Romanist and one that bestow'd most of his time in search into our English History above two hundred years ago could boldly thus pronounce him a Rebel He exiled then Thomas of Canterbury Chron. Chap. 1â—1 Out of England and a Feel of his liance so a Manuscript many of his aliaunce b For cause of the Churches governaunce So have I read it in an old Manuscript Arch. Seld. in Bodleâ—an Oxon. But one may perceive that the Manuscript hath herein been abused by some bodies scraping out the first copy For cause of his rebellious governaunce And as he came fro Rome by Fraunce away With language fel he prayed the Kyng that day We might suspect that he was not so good and true a Subject as some would have him however not to deserve to be c Bar. anno 1173. § 2. yoak'd with St. Thomas the Apostle or to d Ib. § 7. exceed all other Saints or to be honoured with more Devotion and e Will. Somners Antiq. of Cant. p. 248. Offerings than Christ himself When again we consider that 't is the Cause that makes a Martyr and yet all the English Bishops declared to the Pope himself that this Controversie was meerly about f Ex levi minus utili occasione Bar. anno 1164. § 47. Trifles when also we know how strangely the word Martyrdom hath been mistaken by hasty Zealots as the g Pratâ—ol l. 4. § 14. Donatists who would seek their own deaths when others desired it not and would kill others unless they would h Parsons three convers part 3. pag. 168. kill them to make them forsooth Martyrs as if they were all of i Prateol l. 14. § 16. Petilians opinion who affirm'd him a Martyr that kill'd himself for his own sins or like the k Id. l. 3. § 19. Circum cellions who would kill themselves if others would not do it for them Why should Thomas Becket be a Martyr when he might have saved his own life as is very probable either by l Guil. Gazet. Hist des Saints pag. 999. tom 2. withdrawing himself as his Monks perswaded him or by making resistance which he forbad insomuch that he would not have the doors shut or defended against them But farther yet since m Vid. Andr. Rivet Jesuita vapul p. 127 2â—8 they tell us that the people did for a long time n Bellarm. de Purgat l. 1. c. 7. worship one for a Martyr who took the pains afterwards to tell them that he was damn'd And the o An. Dâ—urâ—â—â—t â—a 8. Tâ— 14. § 4. Parisian Doctor was held a vertuous and holy man till being dead he told them he was damned and Hyrcanus whom Albertus Magnus put into his Letany is declared by p Tâ—hâ—res lib. 2. cap. 28. Serarius to be an Heretick Why should we be so confident that Thomas Becket is in Heaven as to make him the q Wâ—ll Somner p. 250. Titular Saint of Canterbury or to flock in Pilgrimage to him to have the benefit of his merits in such numbers as at one time there was about an r Id. pag. 249. hundred thousand worshippers of him in Canterbury from several places And when they tell us that presently after his death they began to Å¿ Caesarius Hist Mem. liâ— 8. c. 70. counterfeit the Reliques and experience tells us that the t Jo. Polyand disput p. 4â— c. Teeth of Moles the Bones of Mice and Cats the Tails of Beasts and suchlike have been worshipt for Reliques of great Saints Why should they be so confident of having truely his body as to bestow so much good and precious Stones upon it as u Stow pag. 576. twelve or fourteen men could scarce carry And that the world was cheated with false ware will thus appear His x Bar. anno 1172. § 17. brains were sent to be kept in St. Maria Maggiore aâ— Rome His y Erasm Colloq perigrinat Relig. pag. 270. face was set in gold and shew'd in a little Chappel behind the high-Altar at Canterbury his z Ib. p. 269. Skull in another place of the Church a Foot of his in the Vestry and a great deal of his bloud and a piece of his Crown was convey'd to a Will. Somner p. 167. St. Augustins Abbey in the same City for which the Abbey gave to the Cathedral Church several houses and a piece of ground And yet when in Henry VIII's time the Shrine was defaced there was found in it b Will. Lambard's Peramb of Kent 337. a whole intire body head and all as of one but lately dead And much of the same truth was that c Erasm ib. p. 273. upper-leather of his old Shooe which they offer'd to Travellers to London to kiss but really to beg by And lastly if that be true which they tell us viz. d In Barth Fumus Summa Aurea verb. de Canonizat § 2. that those Reliques must not be worshipt if there be any doubt that they are not really of Saints then hath the world been cheated by the supposed Reliques of Thomas Becket And I know no reason by the same rule why they should so venerate Thomas since they cannot positively swear his being in Heaven unless they will subscribe to that fond Rule in e De Purgat l. 1. cap. 9. Bellarmine that the Pope is also infallible in Canonization so that whom he declares a Saint must of consequence be in Heaven though he were in Hell before As for my self I am superstitious and curious enough in things of Antiquity but seeing of Reliques there is scarce one true amongst five thousand I am less credulous and careful To conclude with Thomas as I have no power or authority to determine of his Saintship so I shall suspect his Martyrdom and Allegiance but freely grant that he was murthered The most memorable actions fell to him upon f Matt. Paris an 1169. pag. 116. Tuesdays as some observe Thursdays have been the worst days to the Kings of England CHAP. IV. 1. The murders and misfortunes of several Kings and Princes 2. The Imperial Authority despised by the Popes and made a meer slavery 3. King Lewes VII of France Interdicted 4. The troubles of the Emperour Frederick Barbarossa and the odd Coronation of the
used to say to this Lewes a Defenâ—e me gladio ego te desendam verbo Protect me with your Sword and I will defend you with my Pen or learning but the Pope used his usual tool to confute their Arguments viz. cursing and Excommunication In this hurly-burly Lewes makes peace with Frederick his Prisoner year 1325 and sets him at liberty some say that Frederick retain'd the Title of Emperour others deny it however it was they were both good friends by which means the Pope by using more moderation might have shewn himself a good friend to Peace and Christendom But though it seems that these two were agreed on the business Pope John would not by any means permit Lewes to be Emperour but damned him again with his Censures Which made Lewes reject John as much proceeding also against him with his Censures nulling all that he had done against him and at last by advice declares him to be no Pope and so â—asheâ—rs his Holiness which made some wags call him but Presbyter-John or Prester-John which being done he creates a new year 1328 Pope who calls himself Nicholas V. The quarrel having gone so far Frederick of Austria dyeth and year 1329 so Lewes remains alone and peace might have been concluded at an easie rate to which purpose also Lewes himself writes to Pope John but nothing is done in the business and some time after John dyeth and Benedict XII is elected to sit in the Papal Chair year 1335 And in it was he searce warm when he began to follow the footsteps of his Predecessor renewing his Censures against him and approving of and conâ—irming all that John had done However Lewes sends to him that an Agreement might be struck up which year 1336 Benedict seem'd to hearken too but the conditions were so intollerable that the design fell to the ground Yet the Bishops of Germany pitying the distractions and miseries of Christendom by these divisions send also to the Pope to desire him to hearken to peace but the Messengers after long stay return'd home as wise as they went nothing being granted them Lewes seeing nothing would do summons a Diet or Parliment where the state of the Question being canvas'd he vindicateth his Imperial Authority denies the Popes jurisdiction over year 1338 him or it and shews the Incroachments of the Pope The Decree it self being manly not after the Papal Bulls Canting and Quakering stile and worth the reading but too large for this Breviary a Generat 49 pag. 8â—6 887 â—88 I shall refer you to b Nauclerus Benedict dying Clement VI succeeds who also renews the Thunderbolts against Lewes who sends to his Holiness desiring an Agreement Clement shews himself willing provided Lewes will declare himself no Emperour acknowledge all the Errours Heresies 134â— aâ—â—irm'd against him and that he was a Schismatick to renounce all right to the Empire resign it up unto the Pope nor to undertake it again unless the Pope thought good to give it him and farther that Lewes his person and his sons should be at the Popes disposing Lewes his Ambassadors how circumventing I know not subscribe and swear to these intolerable Articles at which the Pope did not a little wonder But when they were brought to Lewes he was amazed to the purpose at such an action done without his acquaintance and forsooth summons a Diet at Franckford where by the unanimous year 1344 voice of all that Assembly these Articles were declared intolerable destructive and pernicious to the Empire and by no means to be consented to though Lewes offer'd himself then ready to obey the Pope if they pleased but they would not yeild upon such harsh and severe conditions Pope Clement informed of this runs to the Papal Dog-trick pulls out his tool of Censure declares Lewes an Heretick Schismatick And Bellaâ—mâ—ne maâ—es thâ—se Câ—nsâ—es an Aâ—gument of the Popes Temporal Authority to depose Princâ—s Bellarm. de Rom. Pont. lib. 5. â—2â— 8. and what not pronounceth him deprived of the Empire curseth all those who take his part for which cause also he deprives Henry III Archbishop of Mentz and commands the Electors to look upon Lewes as no Emperour and so to go to the Election of another recommending to them Charles son to John King of Bohemia Some of the Electors obey the Pope meet and elect accordingly the said Charles which is confirmed by the Pope And not long after to the great comfort of Clement and Charles Lewes unfortunately ended his days by an unluckie â—all from his Horse which was hastned and occasioned by poyson given year 1347 him a little before For whose death Tâ— Deum laudamus was sung to the People Thus after above XXX years troubles and vexations ended Lewes whom I finde grealy commended for his Devotion towards the b Gononus pag. 312. Virgin Mary yet did not Germany injoy peace and happiness for several of the Electors not submitting to Charles elected and sent to Edward III King of England for Emperour but he for some reasons refused it then they chose Frederick Marquess of Misnia who also desired to be excused then by a Majority of the Electors was nominated Gunther Earl of Swarzenburgh who accepted of it and was Crowned and had many followers but he at last being poysoned Charles obtain'd his desires But of these things an hint is sufficient Sect. 4. The strange Tumults acted at Rome by Nicolao di Renzo and Francisco Barencello WHilst these things were acting in Germany there hapned an odd passage in Rome that had it gone on would have alter'd and non-plus'd all the Counsels and Contrivances both of Pope and Emperour which being somewhat strange not unlike the late bravado of Thomas Anello at Naples take it thus in short for a diversion Whilst Lewes Charles and Pope Clement were bandying it for the Empire there started up at Rome one Nicolaus Gabrinus son year 1347 to one Laurentius or Rentius and so by some Italians call'd Nicolao Bzovius Spond di Renzo who was by profession a publick Notary but one well seen in History politick and bold to any undertaking This man considering that the Popes for several years had lived at Avignion at which he knew the Romans to be somewhat discontented took this opportunity perswades the people to redeem their ancient Priviledges and Liberties They apt to change joyn with him whereby he became so strong as to seize upon the Capitol depose the Senators and take all the Government to himself Having thus got absolute Authority and all the people obedient to his beck through an odd humour he would have himself again baptized which was performed with great solemnity in the Lateran Church And the more to advance his own vain-glory in all his Letters and Deeds he appropriated to himself lofty and swelling a Nicolaus candâ—datus Spâ—â—tus Sancti miles severâ—s clemens liberator Uâ—â—is zelator Italiae Amâ—or orbis Tribut us Augustus Titles as the Candate Souldier
of the Bishops Court of Chancery at the request of the Chancellor the See being vacant And farther had earnestly endeavoured to seduce a young Gentlewoman his Cozin using many solicitations to her both in publick and in the Church but not gaining his desires according to a common kind of Revenge and Affront in Italy he filthily bewray'd her door portal and the ring thereof and did her some other wrongs The young Gentlewoman upon advice puts in her Complaint to the Senate at Venice whereupon the Canon is Cited and Imprisoned Of this the Pope is informed who cryeth out that the Liberties of the Church are violated that he will not permit Ecclesiasticks in any Case to be judged by Lay-men that Satisfaction is to be given and the Canon releas'd The Venetians return That their Republick is free that they have the same autority with other Princes so can take cognisance of the Crimes of their own Subjects within their own Dominions and punish them according to the falt Whilst this is convasing happens another accident The Count Brandelino Valdemarino Abbot of Nervese being guilty of many Exorbitant Crimes as Cruel Tyranny over his Neighbours by taking up their goods at what small price he pleas'd Committing many Rapes and Impurities upon all sorts of Women Accused of Sorcery and dealing in Magick Practising many abominable murthers by poyson whereby he destroy'd his Brother and his Servant and indanger'd his own Father That he had for a long time lain with his Sister and poysoned her Maid lest she should discover it That he had caus'd his Enemy to be kil'd and then poyson'd the murtherer lest he might accuse him and other such like Villanies For these and such other crimes the Abbot is by Order of the Senate Imprison'd At this the Pope also takes offence denying the Temporal Authority over Priests that the Church can only take cognisance of them be their falts never so great or notorious And in this humour layeth a Quarrel against the Venetians unless they will satisfie him in these three things I. That they null the Decree concerning the building of any more Churches II. That they also null and void the other Decree touching the giving of lands to Ecclesiasticks III. That the Abbot and the Canon be releas'd and delivered up to his Nuntio A great deal of do there was on both sides but the Pope peremptorily informed the Senate that at first he would send an Exhortory Breve to them and if he were not obey'd by such a time he would proceed farther having power over all could deprive Kings and to this end had Legions of Angels for his aid and assistance And accordingly he sent two Breves The Nuntio delivers them to the Senate but they were not open'd because Marini Grimani the Duke was then on his Death-bed and dyed the next morning The Pope upon notice of this orders his Nuntio to protest unto the State against any new Election as in it self to be void by being made by men excommunicated Thinking by this Trick to bring a Confusion amongst them The Nuntio to execute this Command with great importunity desired Audience of the State but it was not granted him it being not their Custom to admit any during the Vacancy unless their business be only of Condoling Duke Grimani being buryed for till the former Duke be under year 1606 ground they cannot go to the choice of another they fell to their Ballotation or Lots and the Election fell upon Leonardo Donato Having thus got another Doge or Duke they open the Breves which they found to be one and the same in Tenor which the Pope said was through the Nuncio's mistake in delivering two of the same instead of two different ones The Pope ranted fairly against their Decrees about Churches and Ecclesiasticks affirming that These Ordinances tended to the Damnation of Souls to publick scandal were of themselves void and of no value and no man obliged to observe them That they who had made these Statutes or any like or who did further them had incur'd Ecclesiastical Censures had deprived themselves of such lands as they held of the Church and their Estates and demains were subject to other penalties that they could not be absolved unless they revoked the Decrees So he admonish'd the Republick to consider the Danger whereinto they had cast their souls to seek a Remedy and commanded them under pain of Excommunication to null the said Orders That otherwise he would proceed farther considering the account he was to give to God at the Day of judgment and that he could not dissemble when he saw the Ecclesiastical Authority so abused The Venetians answer'd all warily and wisely but yeilded not a jot of their Authority At which the Pope was incensed saying they were Tyrants and different from their Ancestors being resolved though he should lose his skin yet he would maintain the cause of God of his own Reputation And so orders his Nuntio to give the other Breve which through mistake as he said he had not formerly presented The Nuntio obeys and the Senate opening it found it to concern the Imprisonment of the Abbot and Canon which the Breve said was Contrary to the Holy Canons and to Ecclesiastical Liberty which were grounded on divine Ordinance so commanded under pain of Excommunication that the Canon and Abbot should speedily be delivered to his Nuntio and that if in the mean time the secular power had proceeded to any acts or sentence of Condemnation or Execution he did null them and declare them void Threatning if he were not speedily obey'd he would proceed farther The Senate vindicated themselves by an Answer but nothing satisfactory to the Pope who told their Ambassador that the Exemption of Ecclesiasticks was de jure divino and that his cause was the cause of God that he would not depart any thing from his Resolution and he would be obeyed And thus resolved calls a Consistory where were present XLI Cardinals who agree with the Pope so a Breve of Excommunication or Interdict is drawn up printed and publish'd against the Duke Senate and the Republick It contain'd That the Venetians had lately made some Decrees contrary to the Authority of the Apostolical See the Ecclesiastical Liberty General Councels Sacred Canons and the Constitutions of the Pope For proof of which he instanced their Decrees concerning Churches and the Clergy with the Imprisonment of the Abbot and Canon That these Actions tended to the danger of the Souls both of Duke and Senate and the scandal of others That the Law-makers incurr'd the Censures of the Church the forfeiture of what they had could not be absolved but by the Pope and the nulling of the Decrees That though the Decrees were void of themselves yet the Pope did hereby null them according to the Example of his Predecessors That he doth hereby Excommunicate the Duke Senate and their Partakers if within XXIV days they do not null the Decrees rase them
tel quel vous le tenez Le Caeur du Roy dont vous avez Tant de fois la mort procuree Lors que less Chiens ont attrappe Le Cerf qu' ils ont tant galoppe Du Caeur on leur fait la Curee which another made more short thus Ce n'est qu'a vous Trouppe Sacree Qu' on doit bailler le Caeur des Roys Quand les grands Cerfs sont aux abboys On en doit aux Chiens la Curee 'T is You alone you sacred Crue To whom the Hearts of Kings are due For when Great Harts are hunted hard Their Entrails are the Hounds reward Upon this murther the Parliament Orders a * de Rege et Regis institutione Book written by Mariana the Spanish Jesuit to be burnt by the Hang-man as maintaining the Lawfulness of King-killing and Father Cotton was desired to Answer that Book but he slipt his Neck out of the Coller as not willing to write plain and positively against Mariana After this the Parliament also * 1614. condemned * Desensio fidei Catholicae Francisco Suarez's Book as containing many Seditious and Treasonable Principles and after this another Jesuit Antonius Sanctarellus publishing the same Tenents his Book was also * 1626. burned at Paris These things so nettled the Fathers of that Society that they had no way to clear themselves but to have some of their Chieftains * 16. March subscribe against those Errors here Father Coton was again commanded to put pen to Paper and to confute Santarel this put him to such a push for he must either offend the Pope and the General of their Society or the Parliament of Paris If he answered them he opposed the first two if he did not he offended the latter and would be thought to espouse those Tenents which might the more expose his Order in France and make himself guilty of Treason These Considerations did so perplex him that though in perfect health before he dyed within * 19. March 1626. Three days To other Jesuits were also commanded to write against such Tenents but we hear nothing of their attempt in this case And how unwilling they were positively to give their Judgments may somewhat appear by this following Story Whilst the Parliament of Paris was Censuring Sanctarellus his * de Haeresi Schismate c. Book being printed at Rome by the Approbation of Mutius Vitellescus General of their Order as also the Master of the Sacred Palace and others The Parliament * 13. March sent for Father Cotton the Provincial of the Jesuits the Rector of Clermont and others the Chieftains of their Order to whom they proposed these following Questions which was thus answered in the name of all the rest of their Society by Father Cotton Parl. Is this pernicious Book of Sanctarellus call'd Tractatus de Haeresi Schismate c. approved of by you Coton No and we shall shortly publickly oppose it Parl. Why do you contradict that Doctrine which the General of your Order at Rome approveth of Coton We consess that our Society believeth so at Rome but why should the falt of the Italians be imputed to us seeing we in France are of an other perswasion Parl. Hath not the King of France absolute power over all his Subjects Coton He hath so as to Temporals Parl. Do you believe that the Pope hath so much authority over Kings that by his Excommunication he can Interdict them absolve their Subjects from their Oaths of Allegiance depose them and dispose of Kingdoms Coton Fy Fy what to Excommuniate the most Christian King who can think that the first-born of the Church can be an enemy to his Mother which he always protected and defended or that he is to be Excommunicated who hath all along endeavoured the Extirpapation of Heresie Parl. It seems then you do not believe the same with your General at Rome Coton Our General living at Rome it is not to be supposed that he is to contradict that which is believed at Rome Parl. Well let him believe so but what do you believe Coton Truly the quite contrary Parl. But if you were at Rome what would you believe then Coton We would change our minds with the Country and would believe as they did at Rome Parl. Pray Gentlemen to the purpose without any Equivocations idle or frivolous put offs what doth the body of your Society think of the Popes power over Kings Upon this Cotton is at stand desireth Liberty to consult with the Society CHAP. III. Tir-Oen raises a Rebellion in Ireland incouraged by a Phaenix plume sent him by the Pope The Irish send a slanderous Letter to the Pope against Quen Elizabeth Pope Clement the VIIIth thanks the Irish for their Rebellion Mount joy Lord Deputy proclaims Tyrone Traytor Clement the VIIIth sends another Letter to Tyrone The Irish write to the King of Spain Don Juan de Aquila with several Spanish forces land in Ireland but to their own ruin Tyrone submits and delivers himself up to the Lord Deputy The Divines of Salamanca and Valla-dolid declare in behalf of the Irish IN the former Century having seen part of the Rebellions of the Irish and Tir-Oen we shall in haste run over the rest not insisting too much upon their Warrs and Fights but leave them to other Historians Upon the departure of the Earl of Essex Tir-Oen renews his Rebellion being incouraged to it both from Spain and Pope the first sending * Baron an 1186 §. 16. Sir Jo. Davies disâ—overy of Irâ—land p. 19. as his Agent Don Martin de la Certa with XXII Thousand Crowns to carry on the Treasonable cause the latter viz. the Bishop of Rome sending him his blessing by Matheo de Oviedo by some call'd Arch-Bishop of Dublin and the better to incourage the Arch-Traytor his Holiness also sent him as Pope Vrban III. sent Henry II. a Crown made of Peacocks Feathers a Fools-bable viz. a * Osullâ—vâ—m Compend Hist 〈◊〉 Tom. 3 l 5. cap. â—â— fâ—l 167. Cambden Aâ—â—â—l 1599. Phaenix Plume or Feather But I would gladly know of the Pope how he came by such a Toy For if there be no such Bird in the world as a Phaenix as the learned Dr. * Vulg. â—rrâ—rs lib. â— cap. 1â— Brown and others rationally assert his Infallible Holiness must get this Romantick Rarity from the same Store-house that one got a * Phil. Loni â—r Theatr. Histr pag. 81. Feather out of the Arch-angels Wing another some of the Flame of Moses his Bush and a third the Triumphant Banner wherewith Christ descended down into Hell Tyrone with these encouragements and hopes of farther relief from year 1600 Spain grows bold and numerous and having got many of the great ones to joyn with him sends also to the Lord Barry to perswade him to the same Treasonable actions His Letter runs thus My Lord Barry YOur impiety to God Cruelty to your Soul and Body
at Rome that a Breve should be drawn up and sent the main Procurers of which were supposed to be Cardinal Bellarmine and Father Parsons the later of whom as a fore-runner of the Breves sent a Letter into England part of which take as followeth About some four or five Months ago it was consulted by seven or eight Id. cap. 10. Sect. 2. §. 53. 54 55 56. of the Learned'st Divines that could be chosen to give their judgment of it i. e. the Oath Their Reasons are many but all reduced to this That the Pope's Authority in chastising Princes upon a just Cause is de fide and consequently cannot be denied when it is call'd into controversie without denying of our Faith nor that the Pope or any other Authority can dispence in this For if the Question were de facto and not de jure to wit Whether the Pope might justly in this or that occasion Excommunicate or Depose this or that Prince upon these or these causes or whether precedent Popes have done well therein or no Then might some of these Reasons which you say your Friends do alledg be admitted into Consideration to wit Whether it could be in aedificationem or destructionem do hurt or good be profitable or improfitable or Whether the Causes be sufficient or no for without cause none holdeth that the Pope may depose Or Whether the due form of Admonition touched in your Letters were observed But forasmuch as the Question is de Potestate of the See-Apostolick Power What it may do upon any Cause or against any Catholick Prince whatsoever these Considerations of temporal hurt cannot enter Besides these I have conferred the matter with Cardinal Bellarmine and sundry others of great Learning and Conscience and all are of one opinion in this case That the form of the Oath as it lieth is Heretical and no way may be admitted by him that will not deny the Catholick Faith I had occasion twice to speak with his Holiness the first in company of Mr. * Kinsmanto the former Nic. Fitzherbert Thomas Fitzherbert where we proposed certain manners of Mitigation suggested by Friends c. Whereto his Holiness answered That as for any Actual using Censures against his Majesty he meant not but rather all Courtesie But as for the Authority of the See-Apostolick to wit using of Censures he was resolved and would rather lose his Head than yeeld one jot The second He being informed that some Priests did seem to incline to the taking of the Oath He answered He could not hold them for Catholicks c. Thus we see how the Plot was carried and how zealous the Pope and his Assistants were against the taking of this Oath as if it were enough to overthrow their whole Religion Though King James did assure them and the World That no decision of any one point of Religion was intended in this Oath For saith he as for the Catholick Faith Can there be one word found Apol. for the Oath pag. 63 in all that Oath tending or sounding to matter of Religion Doth he that takoth it promise there to believe or not to believe any Article of Religion Or doth he so much as name a true or a false Church there And as for St. Peter's Primacy I know no Apostle's Name that is therein named except the Name of JAMES it being my Christian Name Neither is there any mention at all made therein either disertis verbis or by any other indirect means either of the Hierarchy of the Church of St. Peter ' s Succession of the See Apostolick or of any such matter But however as if this Oath quite overthrew the Roman Religion and rendred the Pope no more powerful than his Predecessors were in the first Three hundred years out comes a Breve from his Holiness right or wrong expresly commanding the English not to take the said Oath upon any means whatever Part of which take as followeth Dilecti filii Salutem Apostolicam Benedictionem MAgno animi moerore Nos semper affecerunt Tribulationes Calamitates quas pro retinenda Catholica fide jugiter sustinuistis Sed cum intelligamus omnia hoc tempore magis exacerbari Afflictio nostra mirum in modum aucta est c. Non potestis absque evidentissima gravissimaque Divini honoris injuria obligare vos Juramento quod similiter maximo cum Cordis nostri dolore audivimus propositum vobis fuisse praestandum infra scripti tenoris viz. Ego A. B. c. Here was inserted the Oath it self Quae cum ita sint vobis ex verbis ipsis perspicuum esse debet quod hujusmodi Juramentum salva fide Catholica salute animarum vestiarum prastari non potest cum mulâ—a contineat quae fidei saluti aperte adversantur Propterea admonemus vos ut ab hoc atque similibus Juramentis praestandis omnino Caveatis Quod quidem eo acrius exigimus a vobis quia experti vestrae fidei Constantiam quae tanquam aurum in fornace perpetuae Tribulationis igne probata est Pro comperto habemus vos alacri animo subituros esse quaecunque atrociora Tormenta ac mortem denique ipsam constanter oppetituros potius quam Dei Majestatem ulla in re laedatis c. Praecipimus vobis ut illarum Literarum verba ad amussim servetis simpliciter prout sonant jacent accipiatis intelligatis sublata omni facultate aliter illa interpretandi c. Datum Romae apud S. Marcum sub Annulo Piscatoris x. Kal. Octob. 1606 Pontificatus nostri Anno secundo Dearly beloved Sons Greeting and Aposiolical Benediction THE Tribulations and Calamities which you have continually sustained for the keeping of the Catholique Faith hath always afflicted us with great grief of mind But for as much as we understand that at this time all things are more grievous our Affliction hereby is wonderfully encreased c. You cannot without most evident and grievous wronging of God's Honour bind your selves by the Oath which in like manner we have heard with very great grief of Heart is administred unto you of the tenor following viz. I A. B. c. Which things since they are thus it must evidently appear to you that such an Oath cannot be taken without wrong to the Catholick Faith and the salvation of your souls seeing it contains many things plainly contrary to Faith and Salvation Wherefore we admonish you That you do utterly abstain from taking this and the like Oaths Which thing we do the more earnestly require of you because we have experience of the constancy of your Faith which is tried like Gold in the fire of perpetual Tribulation We do well know that you will cheerfully undergo all kind of cruel Torments whatsoever yea and constantly endure Death it self rather than you will in any thing offend the Majesty of God c. We command you That you do exactly observe the words of those Letters and
say to him Why do you so since his power is such as to dispence beyond Law it self and so of Injustice can make Justice either by correcting or changing the Laws or Rights and b Dist 34. c. Lector Gloss dispence too against the Apostle Their Canon-Law brags that Constantine the Great call'd the Pope a c Dist 96. c. Satis evidenter God But their extravagant Gloss speaks out more plainly in these very words d Credere Dominum Deum nostrum Papam Conditorem c. Extra Joh. XXII Tit. 14. de verborum significat cap. 4. Cum inter nonnullâ—s Gloss Sect. Declaramus prope finem OUR LORD GOD THE POPE Because e Warn-word to Sir Fran. Hastings's wastward Encount 1. c. 2. Sect. 10. Father Parsons affirmeth he could never finde any such expression though he saith he sought much for it I have been the more exact and plain in the Quotation as also to confute f Apol. pro Hen. Garn. Andraeas Eudaemon-Johannes and some others who are apt to perswade their Readers that there is no such thing to be found at least in those Copies that they can meet withal for confutation of which take this Catalogue of Editions which I have met withal in which they will finde the said words expresly set down Lugduni Lutet Paris 1526 1522 1556 1561 1559 * 1585 1572 * 1601 * 1584 * 1612 Several of which viz. those you see here noted with the Asterisks were Vid. Pet Moulin vates lib. 5. cap. 6. printed after Pope Gregory the Thirteenth had corrected the Canon-Law and were as they confess printed and publish'd according to the Roman Copy by Authority of the said Pope And it may be from suchlike wicked expressions as this that abominable Varlet Francois Ravaillac drew this Blasphemous Doctrine g Parceque faisant la guerre contre le Pape c'estoit la faire contre Dieu d'â—utant que le Pape estoit Dieu Dieu â—stoit le Pape Pâ—ocez Examen Confessions c. du Fâ—ancoâ—s Ravaillac pag. 39. Is Casauban Epâ—st ad Front Ducaeum pag. 14 The Pope is God and God is the Pope And therefore supposing that Henry the Fourth of France would make War upon the Pope he thought himself obliged to murther the said King lest he should fight against God that is the Pope However though I cannot say that the wisest of them think the Pope really to be God yet this I am certain of that they commonly paint one so like the other with a Triple Crown and all other Pontifical Garments that you can scarce know whether they designed it for the Picture of God Almighty or the Pope But others would have us to think that he is not really a God no more than he is really a man but something or other between both according to our Country-man in their h Gloss g Clâ—mâ—â—t in Proem Gloss â— Papa Papa stupor Mundi Qui maxima rerumes Nec Deuses nec homo quasi neuter es inter utrumque Pope the worlds wonder greatest in all the world Nor God nor Man but between both thou' rt Purld And now can we think that they give these almost-almighty Titles and Power to his Holiness without sure grounds and good cause And that of all Reasons and Authorities the Canon-Law which hath been so carefully composed and so often revised by their wisest ones doth not afford the best No surely and therefore for a taste take some of their invincible Arguments and those too for more Authority framed by the Popes themselves and so infallibly true Can any deny that the Pope hath all a Extra Com. de Major Obed. c. Unam Sanctam Temporal as well as Spiritual jurisdiction seeing the Apostles said b Luke 22. 28. Behold here are two Swords and Christ answered That it is enough Which is also sufficiently testified by Christ's saying Peter c Job 18. 11. Mat. 26. 52. put up thy sword into the sheath What need any man question the d Extra Com. c. Unam sanctam Greg. de Major Obed c. Solitae Popes Authority to depose Kings seeing God told the Prophet Jeremiah saying e Jer. 1. 10. Behold I have this day set thee over the Nations and over the Kingdoms to root out and to pull down and to destroy and to throw down to build and to plant Is it not as plain as a Pike-staff that there is but one Supream Authority in the World and that that is the f Extra Com. c Unam sanctam Pope because God g Gen. 1. 1. created heaven in the Beginning for it is not said in the plural number in the Beginnings And therefore he that believes not that the Pope is the Chief must be an Heretical Manichee Again is it not impudence to deny the h Greg de Major Obed. c. Solitae Pope to be above any Emperour be he East or West seeing God himself decided long since the Controversie by creating i Gen. 1. 16. two great Lights viz. the Sun and the Moon whereby he did plainly demonstrate that the Pope is as far above the Emperour as the Sun is greater than the Moon And for the Kings they are no more to be compared to the Pope than k Dist 96. c. Duo sunt Lead is to Gold Upon the strength of these Authorities and mighty Reasons though not a Rush to the purpose their Writers vapour with his Holiness over all poor Hereticks l Comment in c. Oportchat pag. 48. Sect. 9. Rodericus Cupers thinks that those who deny the Popes Temporal and spiritual Supremacy deny also the Gospel and the great m Sum. Patt 3. Tit. 22. c. 5. Antoninus of Florence that he hath power not onely on earth but in Heaven and Hell Doctor n Tract de jurisdict part 4. cent 1. cas 56. Sect. 1. Marta saith that he is Judge of all men in the World And so any may appeal from their secular Judges to him He being the o Ibid. Sect. 8. Fountain and Original of all Temporal jurisdiction and having all the Power that p Id. cap. 25. Sect. 20. Christ had q Quodlibet VI. Quaest 23. fol. 369. a. Henricus à Gondavo with his Commentator Marcus Vitalis Zuccolius and r De Potestar Rom Pont. l. 2. c. 9. Sect 7. cap. 10. Alexander Carerius with a multitude of others are great sticklers for this his Authority and the later of them tells us that it is the common opinion of all their Divines and Canonists Nay Stephanus an Arch-bishop in one of their Lateran Councils applauded the Opinion That the Å¿ Concil Edict Regia Tom. 34. pag. 449. Pope was above all Power both of Heaven and Earth One tells us that he is not onely the Judge but the t Jo. Rubeus in Bonifac. VIII pag. 216. Spouse of the Vniversal Church and the Arbitrator of Heaven and Earth u Isidor
that which was none of his own Yet they may suppose that the Inca spake this not like a Romanist but an Heathen as he was for their Writers anon will tell us another Doctrine and yet all parties smile at the Fool in Athens for thinking all other mens ships to be his own Whether the Pope hath any real Reason for the exercising of this his suppos'd Prerogative is nothing to the Purpose as Thomas Bozius affirm'd to Pope Clement the Eighth and all people else * Sitque aliquis Rex juâ—e solers industrius Poâ—ens Catholicus pius tamen Pontifex Episcopique Pontifice approhante uâ—e naturali Divino in Divinis Scriptis expresso ac tradito per Christum Apostolos valent huic auferre Imperia Regna alterique nullum jus alioque habenti adjudicare ubi judicaveâ—int id esse non modo necessarium sed expediens Tho. Bozius de jure status lib. 3 cap. 4. For although said he that the King be lawful and not onely so but understanding careful powerful one of the Popes Religion and godly too yet can the Pope take his Empire or Kingdoms from him and give it to another although there be no necessity for so doing it being enough if he think it onely convenient Nor is this all for he attributes the same Authority to the Bishops which is of sufficient validity if the Pope do but approve of their actions This Eugubian in other places of his Writings harps much upon De Italiae statu p. 300. 311. the Popes power in deposing of Kings and dividing the World amongst them as if they were his Sons and he the Father of all And then would seem to thrust Dante aut auferente Imperia Regnaque opulentissima omnium Maxima Orbem rerrarum distribuens ac partiens inter maximos omnium Principes veluti inter filios Ib. pag 301. into the World an Opinion of bad consequence of none being held for Kings but those who were anoynted and Crown'd but the Priests Watson and Clark 1603 found that this Plea would neither Id. pag. 305. quit them from Treason nor save their live Amongst other things to Buoy or bolster up this his Opinion of the Popes Spiritual and â—emporal Power he a Id. pag 430. brings the Authority of one Roderigo Zanchez Bishop of Zamora and the truth of it is that where wording is all this Spaniard may carry the Bell away boldly affirming * Est vero naturaliter moraliter Divino jure cum recta fide tenendum Principatum Romani Pont. esse verum unicum immediatum Principatum totius Oâ—bis nedum quoad Spiritualia sed quoad Temporalia Principatum Impeâ—iaâ—em esse ab ipso dependentem mediatum ministerialem instrumentalem eidem subministrantem deservientem foreque ab eo ordinatum institutum ad jussum Principatus Papalis mobilem â—evocabilem corâ—igibilem punibilem That by Natural Moral and divine Law we must believe that the Pope hath the immediate and onely Rule of the whole World in Temporals as well is in Spirituals all imperial Authority depending so much upon him that it is alterable punishable or null'd as he shall command The small esteem which this Bishop thus declared to the World by his Pen he had of Temporal Greatness Another of the same Sea viz. Antonio de Acunna by his Sword declar'd his approbation to it Prud. de Sandoval Anno 1520. though upon different accounts by his turbulent spirit adding fresh Fuel to the Treasonous humours then raging in Spain this old Don still charging in the head of above four hundred Priests which he had under his Command well armed his Word being Here my Priests But at last by a strangling he paid for his Rebellions against his Soveraign Charles the Fifth Emperour of Germany Laelius Zecchus a great man with them both for Law and Dignity is earnest for this jurisdiction of the Popes affirming Papa enim Caesares deponit jura Impeâ—ia transfert Reges Regnis privat c. Lael Zecch Tract Theolog p 82 83. that he can depose both Emperours and Kings being absolute Lord of the Christian World And another Italian Lawyer viz. a De poâ—est Rom. Pont. l. 2. c 3. Sect 18. Adversus impios Politicos hujus temporis Hereticâ—s Alexander Clericus is much of the same opinion and declares that he writ this Book against the wicked Polititians and Hereticks of his time amongst the rest whether he intended Cardinal Bellarmine let others judge since he hath several whole Chapters against him But a greater Lawyer than the former and one of more Learning and Modesty viz. b De Testament cap. 6. Sect. 19. Didacus Covarruvas is willing to let himself be perswaded by the Canon-Law to imbrace this King-deposing Opinion And his Country-man though of an ancienter Cut c De planctu Ecclesiae l. 1. cap. 13 37 56. Alvarus Pelagius out of the same Box swallows down the like Poyson Gaspar Scioppius that unruly German though of the same wicked judgement yet he will pretend to give you some pretty Reasons for it as that because the Pope is the Head as he saith and the Emperour and Kings but Arms or Hands to the same monstrous Body therefore if these do not their Itaque si Reges non nutriant neque vestiant Corpus certe manus aut brachia munere non funguntur itaque velut membâ—um inutile capitis Imperio amputantur Gasp Sciop Ecclesiasticus c. 141. p. 511 512. duty in being careful to preserve the Body the Head as Lord and Master may cut them off A pretty simile to make the supposed wise Head cause of its own ruine But if this do not please you he will give you another as good from the great benefit forsooth that some Countries have received by this Temporal Power of the Popes As by this France had their Antient Family of the Meroveens thrust out from being Kings and the Carlovingiens popt into the Throne That Germany by this hath got the Western Empire but not a word of the Emperours wanting Italy And as for Spain it 's obliged to hug and defend this unlimited Prerogative of St. Peter since it gain'd the Kingdom of Navarre by a Hispania Navarrae Regnum nullo alio titulo nisi quia capiti Ecclesiae Pontifici sui visum fuerit obtinuit Ib. no other Right nor Title but onely because it so pleas'd the Pope In the mean time was not Don John of Albret and his Wife Catharina King and Queen of Navarre and their poor Subjects also much beholden to Pope Julius the Second for his thus ruining of them by the hands of their Enemies By this Argument Schoppius might maintain the knack of Plagiery he gaining at first the name of some Learning by his slie transcribing of his Masters Notes but never the more honesty or right stuck by him nor had he mended his manners had he
Nardius saith We have no reason to look upon this Authority as a strange thing since f Constituit namque dominus vicarium suum super gentes Regna potestatenque ei dedit amplâ—ssimam ut evellat distâ—uat desâ—eâ—â—at aed ficet plantet B. Nard Expunctiones cap. 4. pag. 172 173. God set the Pope over the whole World not onely to establish and plaint but also to abolish and destroy And no less man than Johannes de Capistrano tell us that of this power we need not doubt it being now as g Clarum est hodie quod ex justa causa Papa potest Imperatorem deponere privare Jo. à Caâ—ist de Papae sive Ecclesiae â—â—torit fol. 61. â— clear as the Noon-day that the Pope may sometimes depose the Emperour And at this positive Doctrine none must so much as smile or seem offended for of this Book thus sings his Country-man Antonius Amicius Quis te Docte liber vel subsannare cachinno Audeat aut saevo rodere dente queat Cum graviter reseres decus sublimia sceptra Pontificis summi Conciliique simul And a great deal of ado and some money hath been spent by the Franciscans and others to get this man Sainted but how it thrives I know not As h Qâ—aest Criminale p. 173. Sect 9. Didacus Cantera from the Canon-Law so i De Beneâ—â—â—â—is lib â— cap. 4. Franciscus Duarenus by few Examples and as little Reason assert the Popes Authority in deposing Kings And I think k 〈◊〉 sâ—lâ—ct lib. 1. cap. â— paâ— 17. Antonius Possevinus will not be displeased with the Prerogative since he tells us that the Scepters of Kings humble themselves to the Popes feet and that Christian Kings are not so positively of Gods apppointment but they must have his Holiness to confirm their Crowns And l In 2. 2 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 Aâ—â—◠〈◊〉 â—1 Sect. â—d â—â—â—â—â—m Franciscus Sylvius Doctor and Professor at Doway though he will not allow the Pope to depose Kings upon every toy yet he denyeth not but that there may be Reason sometimes for thus pulling down of Kings And if we consult m Loca ple 〈…〉 67. pag. â—â—6 31â— 3â—◠〈◊〉 Gregorius Polydorius we shall finde him rather to outstrip than come short of the former And this he thought would not be unpleasing to Vrban the Eighth And to this Italian we may add Antonius Cordubensis who in this cause speaks out freely that the n 〈…〉 pâ—â—â—ciâ—â—◠〈…〉 alios tollere 〈…〉 Qâ—â—st Thâ—â—lâ—g 〈…〉 Pope cannot onely do every thing that secular Princes can but also make New Princes and pull down the Old And to this Spaniard may be joyned a Theolog. Moral Tom. 2. v. Papa Sect 10. Franciscus Ghetius of Corno being of the same Opinion moved thereto by pretty Reasons viz. Example as if Emperours had not formerly done the same to Popes and because as the soul rules the body so may the Spiritual Popes triumph over Temporal Monarchs If these Arguments of this Milanois do not sufficiently convince you Rutilius Benzonius a trusty Roman will think to do it with his thrid-bare Allusion of Heretical Kings to Wolves and so they may be b Jus deponeâ—di abdicandi è solio Reges ac Principes non solum Ecclesiae sed interdum populis competere ratione exemplis osâ—â—enditâ—r Potest i. e. the Pope ipso Principes ac Reges si ex ove aut ariete evadant lupi i. e. ex Christiani fiant Haeretici privare dominio c. Rut. Benzon Com. in Canticum Magnificat lib. 3. cap. 27. dub 6. p. 134. turned from their Kingdoms not onely by the Pope but also by the people forsooth yet he would have them to take advice of his Holiness before they began their Rebellion and then I warrant you they are as surely free from that Crime we call Treason as the Chappel of Loretto of which this Author was Bishop was dapperly carryed by Angels through the Air. And in the Popes great Power in Temporals in another of his c Disput de Immunitate Eccles contra Venetos pag. 68. Books he gives us some hint And yet if after all these thwacking Arguments you do not finde your self convinced and will not believe the truth and honesty of this King-deposing Article you may assure your self to be no less than an Heretick for Johannes de Solarzano tells us plainly that not to believe that the Pope can depose Kings is and that deservedly Haec opinio merito ut Haeretica jampâ—idem damnata est Jo. de Solarz de Indiarum jure lib. 2. cap. 22. Sect. 4. too declared and damn'd for an Heresie This may be good Doctrine to preach amongst the Indians the Spaniard pleading most of his Right from the Popes Gift And so whether the Author by his Office relating to those places might be encouraged to propagate such Principles let others conclude yet probably he might have spared his dedicating of them to the present King of Spain who two to one if the State came in Question would scarce consent to the Canon let the Heresie lye where it would From the same Root doth his Country-man d In 2. 2. Tho. pag. 224. Petrus de Aragon draw his Authority that Princes may sometimes lawfully loose their Rule over their Subjects and so doth the great Portugal Lawyer e Pastoral Sollicitud part 1. p. 250. Sect. 90 91. Augustinus Barboza that the Pope can depose the Emperour f Disputat l. 3. c. 5. p. 371. Marius Alterius runs upon the same account and so doth Bishop Johan Maria Bellettus but that he thrusts up the Authority a little higher than the former affirming that this deposing of the King may not g Et non solum propter Haeresim aut Schisma sed etiam propter aliud crimen intolerabile ac etiam propter insufficientiam Jo. Mar. Bellet Disquisitio Clericalis part 1. pag. 282. Sect. 109 100. onely be for his Heresie or Schism but for any other intolerable Crime or if he be not sufficient and not fit to Rule To which there needs no Reply but what if the Lyon do judge the Fox's Ears to be Horns With all this doth agree Raymundus de Pennafuerte telling us that if he be h Non solum propter Haeresim sed etiam propter negligentiam contra Haeresim extirpandam potest non solum excommunicari ab Ecclesia sed etiam deponi suerit inutilis dissolutus negligens circa Regimen justitiam observandam S. Raym. Summa lib 1. Tit. de Haereticis Sect. 7. pag. 41. negligent to extripate Heresie to do Justice in his Government unprofitable or loose the Pope may then take his Kingdom from him Whether this Doctrine was any motive not long ago to Clement the Eighth for Canonizing this man for a Saint or those vast sums of money gather'd in Catalonia where this Raymond was born for the
it and saith that it ought to be obeyed II. To the second he saith it is a hard Question and therefore he cannot answer it but upon further advisement he answereth as to the first III. To the third he knoweth not what to say thereunto IV. To the fourth he saith that so long as her Majesty remaineth Queen the Pope hath no authority to warrant her Subjects to take Arms against her or to disobey her but if he should depose her then he might discharge them of their Allegiance and Obedience to her Majesty V. To the fifth he saith he will not meddle with the Doctrine of Dr. Saunders and Dr. Bristow VI. To the last when this case happeneth then he saith he will answer and if he had been in Ireland when Dr. Saunders was there he would have done as a Priest should have done that is to pray that the right may have place William Filbee John Popham Da. Lewes Thomas Egerton John Hammond And because some of these Answers depend upon the writings of Bristow and Saunders we must understand that a little before this one Richard Bristow or Bristolus born in Worcester-shire and bred up a Priest in Flanders had made a little Book which he call'd his Motives which was after either by himself or others hugely enlarged In this writing he did not onely twit Queen Elizabeth for not obeying the a Motive 6. Excommunication-Bull of Pius the Fifth against her but also that b Motive 40. Subjects may sometimes be discharged from their subjection and Princes deposed and then publickly declares that the foresaid Earl of Northumberland the Nortons Plumtree and others to be c Motive 15. most glorious Martyrs of the Catholicks though they were deservedly executed as Traytors for their notorious and actual Rebellion in the North against the Queen Yet d Compend vitae Râ—c Brist § 6. Dr. Thomas Worthington of Lancashire who translated the larger Motives into Latine doth give great Commendations to Dr. Bristow for his learning and valour in thus defending the Popes Authority whereby he may justly go with those who favour the Opinion of King-deposing As for Nicholas Sanders he was born in Surrey and at Rome got his Orders and Degree of Doctor Pius the Fifth had him in great esteem knowing him to be a man of mettle and a great Zealot for the Authority of that Chair as he shews at large in his great e De visibili Monarch Ecclesiae Vid. lib. 2. cap. 4. Book dedicated to Pius the Fifth in which he is so far from acknowledging Queen Elizabeth to be a true Queen that he calls her several times by no other title than the f Id. P. 734 736 737. Pretended Queen and other times onely plain g Pag. 275 355. Calvinistical woman He saith that the Popes power reacheth to the h Pag. 430. altering of Kingdoms that the Emperour Henry the Fourth was most i Pag. 458. justly deprived of his Empire by Gregory the Seventh greatly k Pag. 730 731 732 733 734 735 c. commends those who impiously rebell'd against the Queen in the North and calls them Noble Martyrs and this he aims at again in another of his l De schismate Angl. p. 363. Tracts From this Sanders we may collect what was the judgement in this case of John Story an Oxford Doctor of Law he in Queen Maries time ruled the roast in our English Inquisition and in Queen Elizabeths Id. Pag. 736 737. Raign being accused in Parliament of a great deal of cruelty in the administration of his foresaid Office replyed like himself to this purpose That he had offended in nothing but that whilst he cut off some Branches he neglected to pull up the Root which if he had done Heresie had not got up again And this he meant of the Queen to whom he denyed himself to be a Subject looking upon the King of Spain as his Soveraign and the Queen Elizabeth by the Popes Bull of Excommunication utterly deprived of all Rule and Government upon which cause he scorned to plead for himself taking the Judges under such a Princess to have no power or judgement over him And if any doubt of the Popes Authority in deposing Kings Aelius Antonius Nebrissensis will tell them that they need not since both Civil and Canon-law doth allow it and the learned Doctors of them Per leges quoque Pontificias Civiles Johan Navar. Rex vere potuit Regno spolian ex eo quod schismaticus schismaticorum fautor atque proinde Haereticus laesaeque Majestatis reus atque eodem jure intestabilis ipse omni ejus Posteritas Gentilico Regno mulctanda quod utriusque juris Consultissimi Doctores multis argumentis rationibus exemplisque probant Ant. Nebress de bello Navar. lib. 1. c. 1. and all his Posterity may be deprived too for which he produceth the Example of John Albret King of Narvarre whom he doth not onely call Schismatick and Heretick but which is the prettiest of all a Traytor though he doth not tell us to whom But the King of Spains Historian must write any thing to vindicate his Masters Rapine And yet they 'll think it hard that the Portugals should redeem their own or that Gaspar Sala and others should vindicate the late revolt of Catalonia Antonius de Sousa de Macedo in all his writings hugely zealous for the honour of his Country Portugal is as fierce against any pretence of the Castilians as any yet when he is the most endeavouring to fasten the Crown on the head of Braganza he makes his Master so open and weak on one side that not onely that Family nay Nation may loose the sway but they may once more fall a prey to their politick Neighbour For he acknowledgeth that the Pope may m Lusitan liberata proem 2. § 2. § 25. pag. 117 118. depose his Master by the same power he hath over other Kings and that they may sometimes be thrust from their Thrones upon their evil n Id. Lib. 2. cap. 4. pag. 510 511. administration of Government And another dangerous Principle he maintains of a Kings not Ruling unless he hath been o Id. L. 2. c. 1. § 7. sworn and Crown'd And somewhat to this purpose he speaks in another place concerning the ancient way of p Proem 2. p. 116. Anoynting To these Opinions I perceive him not a little perswaded by Example and the sentiments of others Arguments of so great force to the Divine Dr. q Opus de dignitatibus lib. 1. c. 2. pag. 9. Nicolaus Rebbe and the Lawyer r De haereticus lib. 4. cap. 14. Conradus Brunus that they also upon the same account embrace this King-deposing Opinion And of the same judgement is the Learned Å¿ Hierarch Eccles lib. 5. cap. 14 15. fol. 260 266. Albertus Pighius and as for a good proof to it he several times remembers you with the action
of Pope Zachary Giulio Cerrio having been somewhat large in respect of the bulk of his Tract in examples of the Popes power in deposing Kings fairly concludes that t Hora in simili casi altri appertenenti alla Fede niuno puo dubitare che l'autorità de i sommi Pontesici non se stenda assolutamente sopra qual si voglia dignita Temporale Certio Risposta per la verita no man must doubt of the Popes absolute jurisdiction over Kings in some causes and this may be interpreted to the worst sence well enough since the whole drift of that Letter F pag. 111. is in opposition to those who deny this deposing power to be in the Pope To tell any man what Cardinal Bellarmine was would be impertinent since his name is come into a Proverb They say that many were formerly much beholden to Lyranus for his Writings Nisi Lyra lyrasset Nemo nostrum saltasset Some think Cambden as much beholden to Leland Pitseus to Bale however we know that several have walk'd in English habit for Authors which in truth have scarce been so good as Translations and so Samuel Clark the poor botching Presbyterian-story-teller is a voluminous partial Plagiary beyond all mercy one as fit to write the Church-history as Alexander Rosse to continue Sir Walter Raleigh As for Bellarmine you may look through him like a Multiplying-glass and perceive multitudes of people toyling themselves out of his Bowels to get themselves published in the world that if he had never writ the Romish Church had wanted at least an hundred Authors to augment their Catalogue and in this sort our Country-men make as bold with him as any to thrust their little English Pieces both for gain and honour amongst their party in these Nations This learned Cardinal was a true son of his Church as he shews through all his writings especially when he is concerned for her greatness and authority in one place he saith that the Pope can sometimes u Potest mutare Regna uni auferre atque alteri conferre Bellarm de Roman Pont. lib. 5. c. 6. change Kingdoms take away from one and give to another he being the judge x Ib. c. 7. to determine whether a King be fit to be deposed or no and if it be thought fit that he should be deposed then y Nec ulla eis injuria fiet si deponantur Ib. there is no wrong done to him if he be turned from his Throne And this jurisdiction he defends in another of his a Possit eos Regnis atque Imperiis exuere eaque Regna Imperia ab aliis ad alios transferre Id. De Translat Imper. Rom. lib. 1. c. 12. Books and in another b Si quidem inter omnes convenit posse Pontificem maximum Haereticos Principes jure deponere subditos eorum ab obedientia liberare Mat. Tort. Respons pag. 9. Book he declares that this Opinion is agreed upon by all and this power he affirms in another of his c Contra Barchaium cap. 27. Books Though 't is d Jac. Fuligatto vita Card. Bellarm l. 1. c. 2. said of him that he would never remember that he either ever told lye in his life or beguil'd the truth by excuse or jeasts yet I shall scarce believe that he speaks altogether truth in his thus attributing so great authority in temporal things over Monarchs to the Pope yet for all that he was the Chief Champion of that See and allow'd to its Bishops all the aforesaid power and jurisdiction yet we are assured by the Testimony of a learned Romanist e De potestate Papae cap. 13. pag. 101. cap. 40. pag. 329. Guilielmus Barclaius that Pope Sixtus the Fifth was sometimes thinking to Censure and extinguish all Bellarmines works because as he thought he allow'd him too small authority in Temporals There were two of different Orders viz. Johannes f Epitome Controvers ex Bellarm. part 2. quest 21. p. 180. Andraeas Coppenstein a Dominican and g Solida Christianor fidei demonstratio lib. 3. cap. 10. Baldwinus Junius a Franciscan who have severally Epitomiz'd this Cardinals Controversies and with him they embrace this King-deposing Maxime They were after translated into French by the appointment of Cardinal Perron Jacobus Gretserus as an industrious a Jesuite as ever Germany brought forth whose resolution zeal and speedy pen made his Books almost innumerable and as in all other things so in this of the Popes authority he endeavours to vindicate h Gretser defensio Controversiarum Card. Bellarm. Tom. 2. col 1153 1154. c. Bellarmine and seems to wonder at King i Commentar Exegit in Reg. Britan. c. 6 7. James for denying such power to be in the Pope nay when he seems to make it his business to vindicate his Society from the suspition of Rebellion and to tell to all the world what brave Subjects to temporal Kings they are and will be even then doth he ruine all their loyalty by one exception k At si Pontifex aliquem ab haeresin à regno arceat ne subditos in haeresin inducat tum libere fateor nos nostrum judicium ad Pontificis judicium aggregare satiusque reputare Defens Apol. Gal. pag. 591. But yet saith he if the Pope should deprive any King for heresie marry then I do freely confess that we shall submit our selves to the Popes judgement A very good Item for which they deserved the teeth as well as the heart of Henry the Great Another of the same Order l Juris Canon Compend § 984. Petrus Alagonia and m Juris Canon Compend lib. 5. Tit. de Haeret § 13. Johannes Honorius van Axel with the Canon-law write down the same Principles in their Compendiaries and the Carmelite Fryar Giovanni Antonio Bovio findes fault with Father Paul the Venetian famed for his learning judgement moderation and integrity that amongst the Offices belonging to the Pope he doth not set down n Doveva anco se volea numerare tutte le Opere del Carico Pastorale fac mentioner dello trasferire de gli Imperii d'Oriente in Occidente habilitare inhabilitare alli Regni instituere destituere i Re che anco questo possono fare i supremi vicarii di Christo in Terra quando cio besogni per conservatione della fede Religione Christiana l'hanno fatto quando è venuto l'occasione ha hanuto effeâ—to è stato cio riceunto appovato da tutta la Christianica Anton. Bovio Risposta alle consideratione del M. Paolo pag. 69. his translating of Empires setting up and pulling down of Kings since he hath such authority An Article that I dare say Bovio never learned from the Virgin Mary whom they brag to be the Patroness and Foundress of their Order William Allen or Allain born in Lancashire a great darling with the secular Priests for whom he was the
first that made Seminaries at Doway a severe enemy to the Protestants and as fierce a maintainer of the power of Rome and the King of Spain of both which this one Example may satisfie Queen Elizabeth having sent some aid into the Netherlands against the Spaniard Sir William Stanley was made Governour of Deventer in Over-Issel which he presently betraying his trust deliver'd with himself and Garrison to the Spaniard by which he lost by common consent the reputation of Subject Gentleman and Souldier but Dr. Allain thinking to quell these rumours and to encourage the new Renegado's by a Letter from Rome sends Stanley and his Regiment not onely thanks and Commendations for this their action but as he thought a sufficient vindication too part of which take in his own words Yea I say no more unto you Gentlemen seeing you desire to know Dr. Allain's Letter touching the render of Deventer pag. 27 28. my meaning fully in this point That as all acts of Justice within the Realm done by the Queens authority ever since she was by publick sentence of the Church and see Apostolick declared an Heretick and an enemy of Gods Church and for the same by name excommunicated and deposed from all Regal Dignity as I say ever sithence the publication thereof all is void by the Law of God and Man so likewise no war can be lawfully denounced or waged by her though otherwise in it self it were most just because that is the first Condition required in a just War that it be by one denounced that hath lawful and Supream power to do the same as no Excommunicate person hath especially if he be withal deposed from his Royal Dignity by Christ his Vicar which is the Supream power in Earth and his Subjects not onely absolved and discharged of their Service Oath Homage and Obedience but especially forbidden to serve or obey any such Canonically condemned person And in another place of the same Pamphlet he thus tells them their doom if they had been faithful to their trust and the Queen a Id. pag. 30. Any Excommunicate or Canonically condemn'd Prince whom no man by law can serve nor give aid unto but he falleth into Excommunication Thus we see what small esteem he had of his Soveraign and how easie it is for these men to ease themselves of loyalty and Obedience And that the Pope may thus trample upon Kings observe his Doctrine in another of his Writings b Defence of English Catholicks against the book call'd The execution of justice pag. 143. The Pope may in some cases excommunicate for some causes deprive and in many respects fight and wage War for Religion And gain c Id. p. 207. Plain it is that Kings that have professed the Faith of Christ and the defence of his Church and Gospel may be and have been justly both excommunicated and deposed for injuries done to Gods Church and revolt from the same as sometimes also for other great crimes tending to the Pernition of the whole subject unto him And gain d Id. P. 114. By the fall of the King from the Faith the danger is so evident and inevitable that GOD HAD NOT SUFFICIENTLY PROVIDED FOR OUR SALVATION and the preservation of his Church and holy Laws IF THERE WERE NO WAY TO DEPRIVE or restrain Apostata Kings And then plainly declares to the world thus e Id. P. 115. Therefore let no man marvel that in case of heresie the Soveraign loseth his superiority and right over his people and Kingdom And in these f Id. P. 72 73. Opinions he endeavours to prove that there is no harm And gives the Earl of a Westmerland Id. 48. for his Rebellion great commendations and of his fellow-Traytor gives you this Character The renowned Count of Northumberland dyed a Saint and holy Martyr When the Spanish Armado invaded England he printed a pernicious Admonition to the Catholicks of these Kingdoms stuft with horrid Rebellion and Treason perswading them by all means to take part with the King of Spain and to Root out their own Queen What effect his Doctrine took I know not but 't is well known that the Fleet came to nothing and enough of this Allen who for his zeal to the Spanish Faction and the authority of Rome was made Cardinal de S. Martino by Pope Sixtus the Fifth at the desire of Philip the Second And now let us see what a man with a long name will tell us in this cause Andraeas Eudaemon-joannes a man suspected at first to sculk under a wrong denomination but when we know his Country and temper we shall not think him asham'd to own any thing though never so bad or false he was born in the Island Crete now better known by the name of Candia at Canea by the ancients call'd Cydon or Cydonia but bred up from his youth at Rome and a Jesuite If that be true that in the Island of his birth no venomous or harmful Creature can live 't was well that he was forthwith transplanted to Italy for his native soyl and his malicious humour could never agree His writings are onely stuft with railing and vain repetitions hath impudence to deny any thing and affirm what he pleaseth his whole books are composed of contradictions all along affirming that Kings may be deposed nay and sometimes cut off and yet at the same time vindicating himself and his Order from disloyalty and yet so shie in his affirmations though bald in his hints that his books may be read over to as much purpose and satisfaction as one of the Brethrens preachments or Olivers Speeches so that I should wonder that such a generous Pope as Vrban the Eighth and such a learned Cardinal as Bellarmine should have him in such esteem and favour if interest had no sway in this world And though all along one may know his meaning by his Moping yet sometimes he speaks plain enough and declares that the a Potuit enim non ut dominus sed ut Minister Christi deponere Principes Andr. Eudaem-joan Respons ad Epist Is Casauboni pag. 12. Pope can depose Kings and that this b Id. Parallelus Torti Tortoris cap. 4. pag. 197. ultro concedamus facta à Pontificibus jure atque ordine fieri potuisse ut contumaciam ac Tyrannidem Principum excommunicatione ac depositione ulcisceretur hath been done and may be done sometimes lawfully In the year 1594 one Jehan Chastel intending to stab King Henry the Fourth of France with his Kinfe struck him into his Mouth and though he mist of his aim yet he struck out two of his teeth and wounded him sore For this Treason the Villain is excuted but presently one Franzois de Verone writes an Apology for Chastel affirming that he had done nothing but what became a true Christian and Catholick his reasons being because the King as he said was an Heretick and so might lawfully be kill'd or
deposed That he was absolutely perswaded so in the latter the first we shall treat of in its proper place you may judge by his declaring these following Propositions to be Heretical I Qu'un Heretique relaps nommement Fran. de Verone Apologie pour Jâ—han Chastel Part 2. cap. 15. pag. 95. excommunie du S. Siege ne perd le droit de la Couronne II. Que tel est Roy legitime donne Ordonne de Dieu III. Que l'eglise ne le peut priver de ce droit ny les Estats ny generallement les Princes de leurs dignitez ou Royaumes pour crime ou Heresie quelcunque IV. Ny absoudre les subjects de l'Obeissance fidelite a eux deue V. Qu'il fault resister a tels jugemens qu'ils n'obligent en conscience VI. Qu'il ne se fault enquirer des actions ny de la Conscience de son Prince VII Qu'il n'est loysible de resister a un Prince Heretique VIII Qu'un Roy Catholique peut permittre deux Religions en son Royaume I. That a relaps'd Heretick and by name excommunicated by the Pope doth not loose the right of his Crown II. That such an one is a lawful King given and ordained of God III. That neither Church nor Parliament Estates can deprive them of that right nor that Princes for any Crime or Heresie whatever can be deprived of their dignities IV. Nor that subjects can be absolved from their obedience and fidelity they owe to their Kings V. That such sentences as these are not to be obeyed being not obligatory in Conscience VI. That the Actions and Consciences of Kings are not to be pry'd into VII That it is not lawful to resist an Heretical Prince VIII That a Catholick King may permit two Religions in his Kingdom What this Verone was I know not onely we may observe that about Id. Apol. pag. 29. the same time there was a French Jesuit of the same name who afterwards writ some Books And that the same year viz. 1595. that this Book was Printed one Le Bell was punished for endeavouring to convey one Franzois Veron a Student at Poictiers out of France This same Verone also in the same Book vindicates Jacques Clement for murthering Henry the Third The which horrid murder was also publickly maintain'd as an act most lawful and glorious by another French-man call'd Bouchier and he that will thus boldly affirm the greater you may justly suppose he will not deny the less viz. the deposing of them And this he tells us the Pope can do if there be need of it and the Prince Cum ille Christi vicarius sit ut videat ne quid Christo ne quid ejus Ecclesiae ac Religioni injuria fiet ne quid vel populi vel Regni vel Regum ipsorum salutem impediat cujusmodi sunt Haeresis schisma perjurium apostasia similia quae sine gravi Ecclesiae detrimento in Regibus esse nequeunt id ei licâ—re ut cum nihil leniter admo nuisse profuerit cum censuras contemni audierit cum periculum grave Ecclesiae è tali regimine imminere deponi denique utile commodum esse agnoverit tum populos Obedientiae vinculo eximat decque operam ut alteri commodiori grex à Christo redemptus commiâ—tatur De justa Henric III. abdicatione lib. 1. cap. 5. pag. 13. contemn his inferiour censures Nay probable that a greater Authority than this Boucher can more than Countenance the deposing of Kings For anno 1589 a little before the said King Henry the Third was murdered the Colledge of Sorbone in Paris being then present about seventy Doctors declared Id. P. 398 399 370 373. Jan. de Serres that all the Kings Subjects were freed from their obedience to him of which Pope Sixtus the Fifth was informed and desired to compleat by his Authority One tells us with confidence that the Pope can create and depose Vid. Phil. Horn. Thesaur Polit. p. 318 319 323 361 362. Kings Another wonders that some German Divines should deny him to have power to translate Empires And a third tells Cardinal Mont ' alto Nephew to the foresaid Sixtus the Fifth that amongst other Priviledges which belong to the Pope is to give Titles to Emperours and Kings to translate Empires from one Nation to another and to judge Princes And our Country-man Thomas Harding when he sees Childerick of France deposed by the Pope cannot refrain from telling us a Confutation of the Apology fol. 181. b. What a strength of Authority is in that See which is able with a word to place and displace the mightiest King in Europe And this is also approved of by his good friend and great admirer b A brief shew of the false wares in the Apology fol. 93. John Rastell And the Portugal c Quaestiones Regulares Tom. 2. Quest 40. art 1. Quest 63. art 7. Tom. 4. Tit. 4. c. 3. Emanuel Rodericus in several places of his Works fob'd up by the Canon-law tells how the Pope can alter Kingdoms and depose Kings What force either Loyalty or Obedience is with some Roman Catholicks may in part be seen by their cavilling at our Oath of Allegiance as where it saith that the Pope hath no power or authority to depose the King or discharge any of his Subjects of their Allegiance and Obedience to his Majesty upon any cause or occasion whatsoever They answer to the first A strange prevention to stir up humourâ— Answer to the Penal Statutes against Catholicks pag. 81 82. and to alter them with DANGEROUS Physick without necessity And to the second they thus retort Although the King should force them to be Mahometans Jewes Pagans or Infidels To that part of it which calls the opinion of the Popes power to excommunicate or deprive Kings Impious and Heretical They onely say How came the English Parliament by Authority to censure Doctrine who delivered them this power who made them assurance of Gods infallible Spirit To that part which saith That they do believe that the Pope nor any other hath power to absolve them of this Oath They deny the Article by their thus reasoning If they do not believe it NOR INDEED CAN BELIEVE IT WITHOUT GROSS IGNORANCE why should they inforce them to swear False or what get they by this And to the last part of it where 't is said that They do acknowledge this Oath to be administred unto them lawfully and by good and full Authority and that they do renounce all dispensations and pardons to the contrary They quite null the Proposition by this their answer He that sweareth false had need of absolution from the sin but needeth no dispensation because the Oath hath no force to bind as in this case By which means they declare their approbation of these following Propositions I. To affirm that the Pope hath no power or authority to depose the King is dangerous II. That in
sciogliere il vincolo del giuramento al Pont. Rom. come habbiamo dimostrato sopra c. Botero le Relationi Universali Part. 2. lib. 4. pag. 125 126 127. Giovanni Botero the first I may say that undertook prudentially to discover the world runs along in the same error with the rest of his Religion and will not onely allow the Pope to depose Kings but seem vext and angry against any that should deny it and reasons the case with them too as largely as if he had been chosen the sole Champion for his Church and declares himself a profest enemy against those who think that Kings have no Superiour but God in this World g Discussio Decreti Concil Lateran pag. 29. Lessius the Jesuit in behalf of the Pope makes use of Johannes Parisiensis but h A Theolog Dispute concerning the Oath of Allegiance Appendix pag. 402. § 18. Roger Widdrington a Benedictine affirms that Parisiensis and Antonius de Rosellis are rather for the Peoples power to depose Kings than the Popes though be it as it will one is as bad as the other and neither barrel better Herring Johannes de Bromyardo an English Dominican and famous in his time for his many writings is also an assertor of this a Opus Trivium verb. Regimen King-deposing Doctrine nor is it any strange thing amongst our Country Romanists for wherefore else should b Epist ad lectorem praefix Nâ—c Sander de Schismate Aâ—gl Edward Rishton commend Saunders for his Rebellion in Ireland Wherefore else should Watson the Author of the c Pag. 327. Quodlibets desire that the Pope had and would exercise as much power now in England as he did in Henry the Second and Kings Johns time Wherefore else should Everard Hanse the Priest say that he hoped Pius the Fifth did not err in declaring against Queen Elizabeth and absolving her subjects from their Allegiance Wherefore else should John Mundine Concertat Eccles Cathol Edit 1594. fol. 78 140 153 154 163 169 170 171. being asked at his Tryal if he thought that the Pope could depose the Queen or if another Prince should invade England whether he would assist the Queen or the Invador desire to be excused from answering Wherefore else should James Fenn at his Tryal declare that the Pope had power to depose the Queen and other Princes Wherefore else should James Bele declare that he would assist the Pope or any other against the Queen Coppie d'une lettre envoye d' Angleterre an seminaire des Anglois à Dâ—uay contenant l'Hist du Martyre de 4. Prestres An. 1616. pag. 10 18 49 53. Why should John Finch affirm the same or Father Thomas Maxfield that no man under damnation could take the Oath of Allegiance And Nicholas Atkinson refuse to take the said Oath though he was promised his life if he would take it As they promised the same mercy and favour to John Thulis and N. Voren at Lancaster And we are d Vid. O. E. a new chalange made to N. D. p. 116. Mat. Sutcliff's challenge concerning the Romish Church pag. 187. informed from the Records of the Memorials of the Council at Yorke that a House being searched for a Priest stiled David Engleby their own Catalogues mentions one Francis Ingleby who suffer'd there 1586 there were found in the said house these Positions That the Queen before the Popes Bull was not a lawful Queen That Catholicks are not to defend her or fight for her if any come to execute the Popes Bull. That it is lawful to take arms against her and to do what they please with her if they be sure to obtain Victory And the onely reason that Father e Vid. Rob. Abbot Antilogia pag. 156. Garnet had against some insurrection against the King was because they wanted the Popes Authority or approbation And if I mistake not 't is no less man than Father f A letter of a Catholick touching the Oath of Allegiance pag. 47. Parsons who thinks it no small honour for his cause that Robert Drurie Matthew Flathers and George Gervis three Priests would rather dye than take the Oath of Allegiance when life was offer'd them upon that condition But what need I trouble my self with particulars when Abraham Bzovius who thought himself fit to be joyned with Baronius tells us that all the g De Rom. Pont. cap. 46. pag. 621. English Priests who suffer'd in England absolutely maintain'd that the Pope might depose Kings and he h Id. Cap. 45 46. himself is of the same pernicious Principle Of this Opinion also is the great Spanish Lawyer i Emporium â—triusque juris Part. 1. Tit. 2. de jurisdic omnium judicum Quaest 4. § 12. Pet. Augustin Morla and to him it would be no news to add a Souldier of the same Kingdom and one that by the assistance of this Maxime was to prove his Sword could do no wrong by taking away another mans Kingdom and joyning of it to his Masters And this is Fadrique de Toledo Duke of Alva who in a large Speech told the people of Navarre pretty stories of the Popes power in giving away Kingdoms But the conclusion was that by the same Authority the Kingdom of Navarre was given to his Master of Spain and King Albret justly deposed And 't is no great matter whether he or his a Ael Anton Nebrissens de Bello Navarr lib. 1. cap. 6. Historian pen'd the Harangue And no question but that his Grand-childe Don Fernando d'Alvares de Toledo Duke of Alva was altogether of the same judgement when he conquer'd Portugal to the same Crown Nor is the great but none of the best Text-men the Spanish Preaching Jesuite Johannes Osorius of any better Principles For amongst other priviledges granted to the Popes he tells his Auditory that he can b Omnem dare auferre aut moderari jurisdictionem Reges create iterum Regna tollere Concion Tom. 3. Concio in Cathedra St. Petri col 2. appoint and depose Kings And in another of his c preachments he tells the people that by this Text Behold here are two swords is signified the Spiritual and material Swords of the Church whereby she doth assault beat and rob Kings of their Dominions and Authority b Ecce duo gladii hic Duas Ecclesiae potestates quibus in peccatores animadvertit significat Ecclesiasticam saecularem gladium Spirituale materiale quo Ecclesia uti potest cum oportuerit Reges expugnando ac debellando a potestate Regia expoliando Tom. 4. pag. 87. Of the same judgement is the Italian Lawyer and Divine too d Tract de officio S. Inquisit Tit. 1. § 67 68 93. Caesar Carena of so great repute at Cremona and a favorite of the English Overseer Cardinal Francisco Barberino Nephew to Vrban the eighth But of this subject we have been too long and so I shall conclude all with the Dominican
e Non solum ei liceat Monarchae jus nomen sibi ipsi vendicare sed etiam suae ditioni subditos ad Principatus Regna Imperia utcunque ei visum fuerit assumere assumpto vero etiam sine Causa ab iisdem Regnis deponere ea Regna ex uno ad alterum pro suae voluntatis arbitrio transferre Quod si forte in reprobum sensum traditi has i. e. the Popes Censures quoque contempserint tunc Pontifex si tamen id Ecclesiasticae tran quillitati expedire cognoscet populos absolvere poterit à juramento Obedientiae quo se Dominis illis devinxerant cum adhuc juste imperarent ei quoque licitum erit ipsos Dominos incorrigibiles Ecclesiae Rebelles Principatuum suorum jurisdictione privare eorum jura ad alios Orthodoxos Principes transferre Sixt. Senens Bibliotheca lib. 6. Annotat. 72. Sixtus Senensis a man of great Reading but in this case he thought it not amiss to fin for company with the rest of his Party now affirming that the Pope at his own pleasure without any cause can depose of Kingdoms yet a little after he is willing to have a Reason and then the deposition is lawful enough CHAP. II. That the Pope can absolve subjects from their Oaths of Allegiance and their Obedience due to their respective Princes ME thinks 't is an odd humour that the Pope should be so much on Cock-horse above all the world besides as to expect that all Emperours and Kings should swear absolute obedience to him and yet allow other earthly Monarchs to have but a conditional subjection from their Subjects And this Allegiance though never so strongly tyed up with Oaths and Duty yet must the people be perswaded that an Item from Rome can quit them from its Obligation as poor Hortensius believed himself to be King of Poland because Roguish Francion and others told him so Though we abhor the action yet we cannot chuse but smile sometimes to see how many by the knavery of some Polititians are gull'd into villany many of our wicked States-men as the Devil turns himself into an Angel of Light wrap themselves in Religon to catch those who know nothing of it but the word And though we be tyed to Allegiance with the strictest bonds of Birth and Oaths yet from these if occasion serve the Grandees of Faction will ease us either as one Nail drives out another by taking a contradictory Oath to the former or some way or other procuring or making of and to our selves an Absolution the Pope and Disciplinarian being the Chief Masters of this Faculty Our Presbyterians after they had above two years impiously rebell'd against their King and Church to make their actions more plausible to the Vulgar took that abominable Covenant against both and so declaring their disobligation to either as if a latter unlawful Oath could quit one of the former which Law Religion and Nature did bind him to And I cannot but think here of the impious Guisian league in France who having fought a great while against their King Henry the Third and declared themselves not obliged to their Allegiance to him yet as a pretty trick to fool the world they sent to Pope Sixtus the Fifth that he would declare their war Vestram Beatissime Pater opem imploramâ—s Primum ut juramento quo nos Henrico III. quondam abstrinximus soluti declaremur Deinde ut bellum quod cum publica Religionis ac libertatis oppressere necessario gerendum est justum esse decernatur De justa Hen. III. abdicatione pag. 398. to be lawful and quit them from their Obedience to their Soveraign both Knaves of a double dye first to Rebel and then to make that sin lawful And that the Pope hath this power to absolve people from their Obedience is stifly maintain'd by the Roman Champions Amongst the rest Martinus Becanus is thus perswaded and he saith That nothing Pontifex absolvat subditos à debito seu vinculo subjectâ—onis quo obligati sunt suis Regibus nam sublato hoc vinculo ex parte subditorum jam sponte cessat potestas jurisdictio Regnum in suâ—diâ—os Pontifex qui utriusque i. e. King and People praeest in rebus ad salutem peâ—tinentibus potest mandaâ—e dâ—cernere ut subditi non teneantur praestare fidem regibus quando Reges non servant ipsis fidem nihil certius apud Catholicos Mart. Becon Controvers Angl. pag. 133. 135. is more certain amongst the Roman Catholicks than that the Pope may do not onely so but command the Subjects not to obey their Prince With him agreeth another of the same Order viz. a Jesuite but more voluminous and of greater esteem and this is Franciscus Suarez telling us in one place that the a Hos à ju ramento fidelitatis solvere vel solutos declarate Fr. Suar. defens fid Cathol lib. 3. c. 23. § 21. Pope can absolve Subjects from their Oaths of Allegiance And in another place saith that to affirm the contrary is to act b Est contra Ecclesiasticum morem Conciliorumque generalium usum approbationem contra Catholicorum Doctorum consensum est etiam contra rationum Id. Lib. 6. c. 2. § 7. against the Custom of the Church the use and approbation of General Councils the consent of Catholick Doctors nay and against reason and is plainly c Propositio illa Haeretica est lib. 6. c. 5. § 1 2. Heretical And as for our English Oath of Allegiance he saith a man d Illud juramentum non ligat jurantem quia non potest juramentum esse vinculum iniquitatis quale illud esset ideo nemo potest ab illo solvi and the words before these are Nemo absolvi potest proprie qui legatus non est need never be absolved from it because 't was never binding to him e De sacrorum Immunit l. 3. Proem § 9 10. Anastasius Germonius f De Haeresi cap. 30. pag. 293 296. Antonius Sanctarellus Cardinal g Contra Barclaium cap. 27. Bellarmine h De Orig. progres S. Inquis lib. 1. Quest 1. Opin 4. § 55. 145. Ludovicus à Paramo i De potest Eccles Quest 40. Art 4. Augustinus Triumphus de Ancona k Summa V. Papa § 10. Sylvester de Priero and l Comment in Cant. Magnif lib. 3. cap. 27. dub 6. pag. 134. Rutilius Benzonius with others amongst the other Priviledges which they allow the Pope to have to straiten the Authority and Grandeur of Kings is the power to absolve their Subjects from their Oaths of Allegance and so to give them liberty either to chuse or take new Masters And m De utriusque gladli facultate Tom. 2. pag. 119. Robertus Cenalis is willing to bestow the same jurisdiction upon the See of Rome As for our Country-man n De visih Monarch l. 2. cap. 4. Nicholas Saunders
in this cause he is as fierce as any of them and his great Animosity against there formed Religion his Native Country and his legal Soveraign might prompt him to it and much more and with these do consent o De sacro Eccles principatu lib. 2. c. 12. fol. 63. Johannes Blasius p Theolog. Moral Tom. 1. v. Dominium pag. 393. v. Apostasia p. 5. Franciscus Ghetius and that ancient Jesuite q Tom. 4. Part. 3. Tract 4. § Tertiam potestatem pag. 410. Alphonsus Salmeron r Potest eum excommunicare subditosque illius à juramento fidelitatis absolvere ab illius obedientia eximere atque ea non est Tyrannica vel usurpata authoritas sed legitima à Christo instituta illi concessa ad Regimen optimum Christianae Reipublicae Len. Coq Exam. Praefat. Monit Jacobi pag. 55. pag. 103. Leonardus Coquaeus indeavouring to confute King James is very earnest not onely for this Papal Authority in absolving subjects from their obedience to their respective Princes but also would gladly perswade him and others to think that this is neither a tyrannical nor an Usurpt Authority but a lawful one granted to him by Christ But King James would not be caught with such Chaff and a King that knoweth himself to be absolute must have a strong demonstration to the contrary before he 'll throw himself upon another mans mercy When a man 's nurst up in an error he will commonly swear to it and though of all Authorities or Decrees the Canon-law hath the least reason in it yet where men must think as they are bid we need not wonder when we see the chiefest of the Romanists with r Disquisit Clerical Part. 1. pag. 282. § 109. Johannes Maria Bellettus ſ In decretal de Haereticis c. 13. Panormitan t Summa de Eccles c 14. Propos 5. Cardinal de Turrecremata u De jure Personarum extra Eccles lib. 4. cap. 52. § 1. Antonius Ricciullus x Repet in clem ut clericorum de Offic. Ordi § 40. Stephanus Aufrerius and y De Cathol Constitut Tit. 46. § 73. Jacobus Simanca with may others to affirm to the world this absolving power to lye in the Pope since besides other reasons 't is one of the best Cards in the Pack that Rome hath to keep up her greatness Whether Albertus Pighius read with these Spectacles or no I know not but 't is very probable that something else besides true reason did a little sway him in this case And though considering his time he had more judgement and learning than an hundred of your dull Canonists yet we see him run with the rest to embrace an error though for his so doing he saith he hath the consent of the Church for about Necesse est ut Impia heretica sit illa ejus sententia qua affirmat esse haereticum ut possint subditi absolvi à juramento fidelitatis quo ante adstricti fuerant suis superioribus fidelibus Alb. Pigh Hierarch Eccles lib. 5. cap. 15. fol. 266. eight hundred years and so concludes that to think that the Pope cannot quit Subjects from their Obedience and Allegiance due to their Kings is both Impious and Heretical Nor is this strange since a greater than he and no less than z Quam cito aliquis per sententiam denuntiatur Excommunicatus propter Apostasiam à fide ipso facto ejus subditi sunt absoluti à dominio ejus juramento fidelitatis quo ei tenebantur D. Tho. Aquin 2. 2. Quest 12. Art 2. Thomas Aquinas doth allow that Subjects may be sometimes quit from their Allegiance and Oaths to their Kings and to him consents a Theolog. moralis Tract 1. cap. 7. conclus 5. Petrus de Ledesma and the Commentators upon him such as b Com. in 2. 2. D. Tho. Quest 12. Art 2. Hieronymus de Medicis c Com. in D. Tho. 2. 2. Quest 1. Art 10. disp 8. Johannes Malderius and others so that we need not doubt its validity amongst them Nor is it any wonder to see d De libertate Christ lib. 1. c. 14. Johannes Driedo e Rosella Casuum verbo Haereticus § 11. Baptista Trovomala f Apologie pour Jehan Chastel Franzois de Verone g De justa Hen. III. ablicat lib. 1. cap. 5. Dr. Boucher h Discussio decreti Concil Later pag. 46. Leonardus Lessius under the false name of Gulielmus Singletonus i Le Relationi Universali part 2. lib. 4. pag. 124. Giovanni Botero yet the more wonder in him because a great and understanding States-man and several others to be so much for the Pope as to allow him Authority to absolve Subjects from their Oaths of Allegiance when they have no less than the famous Cardinal Perron to be their Champion and with him the Nobility and Clergy in France and this cause of the See of Rome to be by him boldly maintained publickly in a long Speech to the third Estate the occasion of which we have spoken more at large in the former Chapter In this Harangue the Cardinal endeavours Harangue faite de la parte de la Chambre Ecclesiastique en celle du tiers Estat sur l'Article de serment 'T is printed amongst several of his other Works les diverses Oeuvres and in Recueil General des Affaires du Clergé de France Imprim à Paris 1636. Tom. 1. pag. 295. to prove at large that subjects might be quit from their Oaths of Allegiance and Obedience due to their Kings nay that Kings might sometimes be deposed of which formerly As for the first viz. That Subjects might be absolved from their Oaths of Allegiance made to their Kings he saith That a Les diverses Oeuvres p. 599. Toutes les autres parties de l'Eglise Catholique voir mesme toute l'Eglise Gallicane depuis que les E'choles de Theologie y ont esté instituées jusques à la venué de Calvin tiennent l'Affirmative ascavoir que quand un Prince vient a violer le serment qu'il a fait à Dieu a ses subjets Les Prince-la peu estre declare dechen des ses droits comme coulpable de Felonie envers celuy a qui il a fait le serment de son Royaume c'est a dire envers Jesus Christ Et ses subjets absous en Conscience au tribunal Spirituel Ecclesiastique du serment de fidelite qu'ils luy ont preste que ce cas-la arrivant c'est a l'authorite de l'Eglise residente ou en chef qui est le Pape ou en son Corps qui est le Concile de faire ceste Declaration Et non seulement toutes les autres Parties de l'Eglise Catholique mais mesme tous les Docteurs qui ont este en France depuis que les E'choles de Theologie y ont este instituees ont tenu l'affirmative Ascavoir qu'en
Cathol lib. 3. c. 3. § 3. Franciscus Suarez in this case defends both Bellarmine and Dr. Navarrus and himself speaks plain enough to the purpose when he affirms that h Si Rex legitimus tyrannice gubernet Regno nullum aliud subsit remedium ad se defendendum nisi Regem expelleâ—e ac deponere poterit Respublica tota puâ—lico communi Concilio Civitatum Procâ—rum Regâ—m deponere Suarez defens fid lib. 6. cap. 4. § 15. if a King of a lawful Title and Possession govern tyrannously then that the people by their Parliament may depose him yet he would have the people do this in their own defence Guillielmus Estius one of a great name both for learning and moderation an honour both to his Country Holland and his University Douay though in one a Annotat. in Machab. l. 1. c. 2. v. 22. place he speaks so much between the teeth that he seems onely to hint his Opinion to the case in hand Yet in another of his Books he speaks boldly and to the purpose confident enough of the truth of his cause since he thinks that he hath the Scripture and St. Augustine to back him But let us hear his own reason which in short is this because forsooth b Ratio quidem videtur quia in proceribus populo residet publica authoritas quae se à manifesta Tyrannide vendicare legitimum Principem eligere sibi possunt atque etiam electum si causa subsit imperio privare Guâ—l Est Com. in 4. libros Sentent lib. 2. pag. 444. the Nobles and people by the Authority residing in them may defend themselves from Tyranny and not onely chuse themselves a lawful Prince but also cause being given may throw him from the Throne again Though the Dutch and Spaniards were thought to be mortal enemies yet where Religion links together these can also agree though in wickedness For with the Hollander doth consent no less man than Tostatus one so voluminous that 't is thought that he wrote a sheet for every day he lived which is thus testified by this part of his Epitaph Primae natalis luâ—i folia omnia adaptans Nondum sic fuerit pagina trina satis Compare his days and leaves you 'll finde to 's praise He wrote as many sheets as he liv'd days That he was a great Scholar is not denyed but 't was no part of his learning to assert that Kings may be c Reges nostri in multiâ— casibus possunt deponi sive per Papam sive ab ipsis Regnicolis Tostat Com. in III. Reg. cap. 11. Quest 35. deposed not onely by the Pope but the people too being d Positus est ad procurandas utilitates subditorum non suam si secus agat non est Rex sed Tyrannuâ— deponi meretur c. Tostat Com. in III. Reg. cap. 12. Quaest 4. And he agrees with this in other places as in II. Paralip cap. 10. Quest 9. in Jud. cap. 9. Quaest 46. pag. 146. col 2. G. placed in that greatness for the good of the people not his own and if he do otherwise he is not a King but a Tyrant and so may be deposed To the judgement of Abulensis doth another Spaniard a famous Dominican agree who though he giveth great glory to the Pope in his authority over Kings and Potentates yet as if all the world were brave fellows and born to authority except Kings he alloweth the same power to the people e Absque Pontificis sententia potest Respublica se defendere privare Principem dominio in subditos Dom. Bannes in 2. 2. D. Tho. Quest 12. art 2. col 480. without having any liberty granted them for so doing from the Pope Nay f Licet Pontifex non puneat eum Respublica tamen Christiana puneat eum imo etiam si Pontifex videns sciens toleraret illum Apostatam ad huc Respub Christiana possit illum pellere à Regno quoniam Pont fex sine ratione permittit illum impunitum Bannes ib. col 481. though the Pope be so far from endeavouring to punish this King that though he do know and see his faults and yet doth tolerate him yet may the people deprive him And immediately before this Dominicus Bannes gives the people sole authority over their Kings to g Ib. Respublica potest Principem pellere e Regno privare authoritate quam ab illa est sortius quando sua gubernatione corruptis moribus destruit Reipub. commodum leges quibus Respub optime gubernatur Qua propter cum Princeps iste Apostata vel Haereticus destruat leges quibus Respub Christiana gubernatur conservatur Cives hujus Reipub. authoritate hac communi Principem a Regno pellere depose them Nay he saith that sometimes as if the Pope should declare the King to be an Heretick a Id. Col. 478. then the Subjects are obliged to quit themselves from their obedience to him and fight against him but yet he would have them to be so cunning as to consider first whether they had strength and force enough to make themselves Conquerours and in this case our English Roman Catholicks are very much beholden to him for putting in an excuse for them for their not yet Rebelling against their King as if obedience were a reproach amongst them Something to this purpose is a Country-man of ours under the name of Andraeas Philopater but who was the true Author under this Visard I cannot swear 'T is true it was commonly supposed to be Joseph Creswell an active Jesuite of the Spanish Faction and an Enemy to his Queen and Country and a Book of the same Title b Bibliotheca soc sâ—s pag. 285. Alegambe ascribes to this Creswell others say Robert Parsons was the Author and in this b Id. P. 415 451. Alegambe agrees also but yet he leaves us in the Suds and how in this case to trust to him I know not since he hath publickly in France been questioned for his writings and some think they both club'd to the making of it and indeed the brat is so like them that you would easily judge it to have been spit out of their Mouths for such a wicked book must be made by such wretches well let it be as 't will let 's hear the Imp it self speak 'T is certain we must believe it and it 's the Opinion of all Divines Hinc etiam infert Universa Theologorum jurisconsultorum Ecclesiasticorum est certum de fide quemcunque Principem Christianum si à Religione Catholica manifeste deflexerit alios avocare voluerit excidere statim omni potestate ac dignitate ex ipsa vi juris tum humani tum divini hocque ante omnem sententiam supremi Pastoris ac judicis contra ipsum prolatam subditos quoscunque liberos esse ab omni juramenti obligatione quod
time submit to the Principles and sway of the wily Fathers of Clermont And 't is very probable that the Jesuits must either fall in the hight of their pride like the Knight-templers or else they will quite ruine the glory if not the being of other Religious Orders more of envy than emulation still breeding between them But it is not the Jesuits onely who are guilty in spreading these wicked Doctrines but others too for Petrus de Ledesma a noted Dominican in Spain having proposed this Question What may the people do when a lawful King tyrannizeth over them and the result of his answer is a Poterit conventum agere talem Regem Regno pellere si opus sit vita spoliare Pet. de Ledesm Theol. Moral de virtut Theol. Tract 8. cap. 18. pag. 512. that they may call a meeting and depose him and if need be KILL HIM This Principle as pernitious as it is was by Ledesma first publish'd in Spanish and after by Raymundus de Ledesou translated into Latine and besides other approbations had the priviledge of the King of Spain 'T is strange if this be not believed as Orthodox that Kings should thus be perswaded to sign an Order for their own execution as if their Bigot-ministers took a pleasure in gulling of them to set the weapon to their own throats as the cunning fellow did the Ape in the Barbers Shop The Guisian Faction in France making a firm League or Covenant pretending to maintain the Roman Religion but at last bandy'd against their King Henry the Third fill'd the Nation full of wickedness and rebellion And every man fought as 't is the fashion in all such troubles according as he was qualified so that there was not onely slashing scolding and cursing but scribling too At last the Roman-Covenanters grew so stubborn that they were resolved not to acknowledge Henry for their King and in vindication of this consultation one of their chief Boutefeu's sets himself to write but before his Press had done working the King was murdred by one of their Gang viz. Jaques Clement a Jacobin However out cometh the b De justa Hen. III. abdicatione Vindication stuft with lyes and Villany In one place he observes by the by that c Populo in Regem potestas est vitae necis Ib. Pag. 33. the people have power over their Kings both of life and death In another place that to kill a King who tyrannizeth d De medio sustu lerit tam absit perduellionis nomen quam vere hoc justitiae ac zeli opus antesignanis in eo sanctis probante natura lege Scriptura debet judicari Ib. Pag. 64 65. is so far from being treason that it should rather be esteem'd an act of justice and Zeal being agreeable to Nature Law Scripture and the practice and precepts of holy men And e Ib. Pag. 269. De eo qui dubitet hunc communi sensu carere oporteat ignorumque prorsus esse rerum humanarum he that doubts of it must want common-sence nay it may be done by any f Ib. Pag. 270. private man especially amongst g Ib. Quod inter Christianos tanto magis licere debe◠quanto magis est quod iis à Tyrannis non reipub tantum sed Religionis periculum creatur Christians This is plain enough to shew his judgement but when he heard that the King was murdered then he rejoyced to the purpose saying that it was done to the h Id. P. 450. triumph and joy of all good men and a little after abuseth i Pag. 453 454 455. several places of holy Scripture to make the abominable fact more glorious But probably 't will be retorted that 't is but a Pamphlet the Author not putting his name to it and so not to be regarded 'T is true no name is to it it being not safe so to do when it came out for then Henry the Fourth was King and went on prosperously against the Leaguers and the Author then amongst them his name was Jehan Boucher born in Paris of a good Family and was Preacher at St. Benits the ancientest Church I think in that City but an implacable fire-band amongst the Covenanters and as he had thus shew'd himself an enemy against his Soveraign Henry of Valois so did he carry on the same spirit in opposing Henry the Fourth of Bourbon against whom he also printed above once nine of his zealous preachments making the Cardinal of Placentia their Patron And for this good service against his own King and Country being forced to skulk into Flanders he was there for his zealous deeds in behalf of Spain made Canon of Tournay and he was Doctor of Divinity before this at Paris An obscure piece of Policy for Rebels thus to be protected and prefer'd since 't is one of the main encouragements to Treason and this may be every Monarchs case for the Villain to know that let fortune be never so much his enemy in his undertakings yet he may be secure in anothers Dominions where he may take breath and it may be be encouraged to another enterprise But these things are above me and not to my purpose But for the better clearing of this Doctrine you shall see it vindicated by as great a fire-brand as the former and both upon the King of Spains account though the first against his King and Country France and the latter against his Queen and Country England and this is Robert Parsons with whom formerly Mr. Morton after the Learned Bishop of Durham having some contest he brings in this Dr. Boucher saying that when the Common-wealth hath condemn'd and declared any Tyrant for a publick enemy he may be slain by a private man To which Parsons our English Jesuit thus replyeth Whereto I answer that then he is no private man for that he doth P. R. Quiet and sober rekoning chap. 5. § 44. pag. 321. it by a publick Authority of the Common-wealth as doth the executioner that cutteth off a Noble-mans head by Order and Authority of the publick Magistrate so as in this Mr. Mortons distinction serveth him to no purpose for that neither for private or publick injuries can a private man AS A PRIVATE MAN that is to say by private authority kill any Prince though he were a Tyrant for any cause either private or publick whatsoever And to afford you another hint of his judgement in this case know that in another of his a Answer to the fifth part of Sir Edward Cooks Reports Epist Dedicat. books he doth question whether Edward Squire committed treason or no though his crime was endeavouring to make away his Queen Elizabeth by Poyson at the instigation as it is supposed of Father Walpoole an English Jesuit then practising in Spain against his Queen and Country As for Father Parsons what by his treasons against his Soveraign and furious Zeal for Rome he got so much repute amongst the
56. that he would rather loose his head than not acknowledge this Authority to lye in the Roman Chair And Pope Sixtus the Fifth could make a f See Will. Warmingtons moderate defence of the Oath of Allegiance pag. 127 128 c. Speech in a full Consistory of Cardinals in commendation of the horrid murther of Henry the Third King of France CHAP. VI. For how many causes according to the Romanists a King may be deposed THey say 't is good to have many strings for a bow if one fail another may hold and others think they can do any thing by a distinction though it signifie nothing he that divided himself between the Arch-bishop of Colen and the Prince Elector was well retorted upon by the Boor If the Prince go to the Devil what will become of the Bishop And the Scotch Presbyterian g Hist Reformat of Scotland p. 392 393. John Knox used this art when he would not have the King but the Offender suffer Our English Covenanters thought they clear'd themselves of Rebellion by declaring that they fought not against the King but his evil Council and that h Ex. coll p. 727. Treason is not against the Kings person as he is a man but in relation to his Office And the Independant when the Presbyterian had i Declar. for Non-address 1647. declared that they could not repose any more trust in the King and made it Treason for any to address to him and so had laid him by as useless supposed they vindicated themselves sufficiently by affirming that they onely beheaded a private man the Presbyterians having formerly kill'd the King And these quirks to further Rebellion and to make the murthering of Kings more plausible are used by a De justitia lib. 2. c 9. dub 4. § 10 12. Lessius b Tom. 3. disp 5. Q. 8. punct 3. Valentia c Institut Sacerdot lib. 5. cap. 6. § 10. Tolet d Defens sid Cathol lib 6. cap. 4. § 14 18. Suarez e De justa abdicat Hen. III. Boucher Father f Qu'et and sober reckâ—ning pag. 321. Parsons g De justitia lib. 5. Q. 1. Art 3. Soto h Refutat Aphorism pag. 158. § 94. Heissius i De justitia Tom. 4. Tract 3. disp 6. § 2. Molina k Controveâ—s Anglic. pag. 115. Becanus and several others of the chief writers amongst the Romanists so that these and our Covenanters need not be so earnest in upbraiding one another with Treason When people are resolved for mischief 't is not difficult to pretend reasons and sinde out means to carry on the design plausible enough to blinde the giddy multitude To ruine the innocent many and strange Articles and accusations shall be framed against him and though not one of them can make him an Offender rather than their malice should fail of its purpose they will jumble them all together to make him a Traytor as the wicked-long-Parliament did with the Earl of Strafford and l Prynns Canterbâ—ry's doom pag. 51. Maynard used the same plea and means to hasten the murther of Arch bishop Land O the strength of a Covenanâ—ing Reason as if though one Elders Maid alone could not make a Dog an hundred of them could make a Mastiff could number thus aâ—â—er its being Prâ—teus would be out-vapour'd by this Argument and irrational and poysonous Creatures might once again ascend to be Classical Assembly-men for thus forty or fifty Asses together would be a Presbyterian though one by it self could not be a man But it may be they will thus prove their Assertion though one Assembly mans m Especially the first Edition notes will not make a Diodate or a Dutch Comment all the Assembly together will because it may be they will say that they stole all their Annotations out of them if this be their Argument I shall neither trouble my self to see whether they confess truth or no nor give them any reply to it What various Arts and devices with impertinent and poor pretences have been used by some Popes and their Part-takers not onely to lessen the authority but ruine the being of some Kings History can best inform us And some of their several causes and reasons they bring to prove the legality of proceeding against Kings shall be briesly hinted at in this place I. n Com. in Esther pag. 95. Feuardentius the Franciscan affirms that a King may be deposed if he be too prodigal in lavishing away the publick Revenues either by scattering them amongst his cringing Courtiers or some other spend-thrift-way That this is a fault no man can deny but how either to judge of it or hinder it belongs not to us and 't is too obscure either for our eyes or brains But we might retort upon the Chair of Rome the excessive extortion that some of them make to enrich their Kindred And the extravagancy of Sixtus the Fourth cannot be excused bestowing such excessive sums amongst his Whores II. Others say that a King may be deposed if he be a breaker of his Mart. Becanus Controv Angl. pag. 135. R. Parsons conference about succession pag. 32 36 73 77. Feuardent com in Esther pag. 94. promise to his Subjects or a violator of his publick Faith And if so why may not Popes run the same Exit who think it not lawful to keep Faith with Hereticks and are as apt as any to break them upon every advantage III. Another way to have a King deposed is this if he either study Feuard pag. 91. make use or approve of the Art of Magick or acquaint himself with those who do so This accusation would serve the Vulgar and the better because they are not competent Judges In former time 't was almost dangerous to have above a common stile in the Mathematicks so that our Roger Bacon Albertus Magnus and other famous Scholars can at this day scarce quit themselves from being thought Conjurers by the multitude and some have been too bold in throwing such wicked opinions upon Joseph Salomon and some others for whom Monsieur Naudé hath composed an Apology As for the Popes their own Platina affirms Sylvester the Second to have dealt with the Devil Card. Benno and some others think that Benedict the Ninth and Gregory the Seventh were too familiar that way though the former a Naudé Apol cap. 19. French-man endeavours to clear them of that crime and so I leave every man to his own judgement IV. If a King be guilty of b Jo. Azorius Instit Tom. 2. lib. 10. cap. 8. Jo. Bapt. Boiardus Addit ad Julii Clari practic criminalem Qu. 35. § 6. Feuard 91. Perjury some of them say he may be deposed for that fault If they think Perjury to be such an horrid sin as who can deny its heinousness they should not encourage Subjects to run so easily into this crime by making them break their Oaths of Allegiance to their respective Princes by
enough of this and the supposed Donation which the Venetians did once prettily confute and so shake off a close demand Laurent Banck de Tyran Pap. pag. 355. The Pope asking them by what right they appropriated to themselves all the jurisdiction and power in the Adriatick Sea since they could not shew any Writings of Priviledges granted to them for so doing To which 't is said they thus returned an Answer That they greatly wonder'd that his Holiness should expect from them to shew those priviledges which yea and the very Originals the Popes themselves had carefully kept all along in their own Archives as a sacred thing and might easily be found if he would but look upon the backside of the Deed of Constantine's Donation for there might be seen the Priviledges granted to them over that Sea written in great Letters And such another story they tell us how Pope Alexander the Sixth having ask'd the same question was thus answer'd by Girolamo Donato the Venetian Ambassador Let your Holiness shew me the Instrument of St. Peters Patrimony and you will finde on the backside of it the Grant of the Adriatick Sea to the Venetians CHAP. II. 1. When the Bishops of Rome had raised themselves up to some favour and greatness what odd striving and dealings there were to obtain that See with the manner of Elections 2. That the Temporal Power had formerly the greatest stroke in the Election of Popes and that it yet hath though by underhand-dealings 3. An Essay upon this Quere Whether for some years past there hath been according to their Decrees and Orders really any true Pope THe Bishops of Rome though formerly lived in great obscurity Sect. I. lurking privately here and there without any greatness or notice by reason of the Persecutions against Christianity Now that they had the Emperours embracers of the Gospel and favourers of the Prelacy appear'd in publick in great Splendor and Authority and presently raised themselves to such a Grandeur that they seem'd not onely to overtop their Neighbours but next the Emperour to appear in greatest glory sway and priviledge which made Praetextatus design to be Consul drolingly say to Pope Damasus Make me Bishop of Rome and I will quickly make my self Facite me Romanae Urbis Episcopum ero protinus Christianus Hieron Epist 61. a Christian And now the ambition to be great made every one aspire to this Dignity and that sometimes with so much earnestness and indirect means that Religion it self and the Bishops of that City lost much of their Reputation not onely from the Heathen but Christian too as is plain by St. Hierome and others who wrote against their faults I shall not trouble my self concerning the discention and schism about Liberius and Felix the Second onely that if Liberius was an Heretick as several accuse him then a man may well plead the other to be no Antipope if that be true which some of their own Church confess that a Pope for Heresie looseth his Dignity and Chair But to wave this a An. 367. Liberius being dead the two Factions divide again each of them striving to make a Pope of their party These who were of the Antipope Felix's side chose one Damasus b Jo. Marian de Reb. Hispan l. 4. c. 19. Villegas F. S. Decemb. 11. Am. Narcellin Hist l. 27. c. 2. Ruffin l. 11. c. 10. whether of Tarragona in Catalonia or Madred in New Castile or of Guimaranes Antre Duero y Mino in Portugal Authors agree not and those who were for Liberius chose one Vrsicinus a Roman at this Election the feud was so great betwixt both parties that in the Church of Sicininus there was slain upon the place CXXXVII persons and it was a long time after before the rage of the people could bâ— asswaged insomuch that Vivensius Governour of Rome for the Emperour not being able to appease these Tumults was forced to retire himself out of the City But at last Damasus got the upper-hand and so kept the Popedom by the assistance of the Emperour c Onuphr Annot. in Platin. vit Felicis II. Valentinian Thus was this thing managed besides voting with d Platin. vit Damas Sabellic En. 7. l. 9. Nausler Gen. 13. p. 487. Genebrard p. 576. main force and arms And those who formerly were held as Schismaticks for chusing and siding with an Antipope are now brave boys for standing and fighting lustily against those who were for the true Pope Liberius as they call him And had the Emperour approved of Vrsicinus for ought that I know he had been call'd infallible and Damasus an Antipope And that the Emperours had some authority about the Election of Popes will appear by the story of another uprore and schism Pope Zosimus being a An. 418. dead the people of Rome enter again into divisions one party chose for Bishop Eulalius in the Lateran Church and the other Boniface in another Church and thus each faction cryed up their Pope Of this Symmachus Governour of Rome giveth the Emperour notice and tells him that Eulalius had Baron anno 419. § 1 2 3 c. most reason and right of his side Honorius the Emperour acknowledgeth Eulalius as Pope as being chosen and approved of by a lawful number time and place rejects Boniface as illegitimate wanting these necessaries to an Election and bids him submit or to be expell'd the City Symmachus sends this news to Boniface but the Messenger is beat In the mean time the party of Eulalius rejoyce he acting as Pope and the City Gates being shut to exclude his Adversary the Governour being the more careful by reason of the great inconvenience and trouble the City underwent by the former Tumults and Riots at the Election of Damasus Those who sided with Boniface seeing themselves and cause quite lost if presently they procured not Remedy drew up a Petition to the Emperour complaining Eulalius not to be lawfully elected but Boniface to be truely Pope for which they desired Caesars assistance Honorius upon this orders that both the elected should appear before him where he would have the Case tryed and accordingly see the right disposed of and for more clearing of the business he appointed several Bishops to meet about it but these not agreeing concerning the Election this meeting vanish'd without any determination whereupon he resolved upon another convention In the mean time the better to keep good Order in Râ—me now full of hubbubs by reason of this division he order'd Eulalius and Boniface the two heads of these disorders to depart the City and Easter now drawing neer that the people might not be without a Bishop to celebrate at that Feast he appointed Achilleus Bishop of Spoleto one uninterest to either party to officiate as chief in Rome and him he call'd b Beatitudo tua His Holiness or Blessedness and so did he Paulinus Bshop of Nola and those of c Sanctitas vestra Africk
And here Eulalius lost himself with the Emperour for contrary to his express command he enters into the City upon which new Tumults begin and odd threatning and bickering there was in spight of the Governour or Authority Symmachus himself being in great danger in this hurlyburly all parties striving to possess the Lateran Upon this Honorius expresly orders Eulalius for peace-sake to depart the City and that in the mean time he should not be acknowledged and that the Bishop of Spoleto according to the former Order onely remain there and solely have the possession of the Lateran Church for the time of Easter These Orders Eulalius also very unadvisedly withstands and having gotten his party together thought by main force to have seis'd upon the Lateran upon this more mischief falls out but at last Eulalius is beat out of the City Achilleus remain'd possess'd of the Church and had good Guards appointed him for his and its defence Sigon Hist de Occid Imp. an 419. Honorius the Emperour being certified of and offended at this expresly excludes Eulalius and settles Boniface in the Popedom to which he had a meeting of many Bishops consenting Thus we have seen in short the storie of another riotous canvasing and because this is of no smaâ—l concern Baronius would by no means have us to think that Eulalius had any right by Election upon the Narrative of Symmachus because as he saith he was partial and seem'd to favour Eulalius But to this may be return'd I. That if the Governour favour'd a Coeffeteau Resp p. 245. Heathenism he might be as much an Enemy to the Christianity of the one as well as the other they objecting nothing against the soundness of either of them for Principles of Religion II. Symmachus in his third letter to Honorius when the Emperor shew'd no more favour for the one than the other b Religiosos viros Bonifacâ—um Eulalium nameth Boniface before Fulalius which somewhat signifieth rather his favour for the former III. And lastly Symmachus in his Letters to Constantius Brother-in-Law to the Emperour writes virulently against Eulalius accusing him of occasion of misbehavour and riots from which some may suppose that the Governour was impartial and true when he assured to the Emperour that Eulalius was rightly chosen But besides this another dispute may arise upon this story viz. c Lib 4. cap. 160 Petrus de Natalibus d Generat 15. pag. 511. Nauclerus e Vit. Bonâ—fac I. Plâ—tina f Cronicle Universale fol. â—66 Filippo da Bergamo g Hist de O cid Imp. l. 11. anno 419. Sigonius h Hist Pontifical fol. 74. Gonzalo de Illiscas and their ancient Vatican i See the Councils Liber Pontificalis with k Epit Pontif Rom. de Pontif. Caâ—dinalium crea ione Edict venet 1557. vit Eulalii But this is left out in the Colen Edition at the end of Platina And in that of Jo. Gaulter Chron. Chronicorum Tom. 1. Onuphrius do declare that the Emperour Honorius was at Milan at this time and thence sent his Orders which if be true and these men had no reason to affirm this if false nor need the Roman Catholick question them being all noted Historians of their Religion then must those Letters in Baronius which carry their date to and from Honorius at Ravenna concerning this Schism be spurious and counterfeit and so for ought that I know we may lose part of the story and if these be be false and 't is plain the two Vatican Manuscripts contradict each other I shall give the less esteem to the pretended Records that are produced from those Archives for many cheating writings not forgâ—tting the Gift and Decree of Constantine are shewn to us for true and authentick out of that Library of which Platina was Keeper and a diligent searcher into the ancient Manuscripts of it and Onuphrius had the liberty and was well read in every piece of Antiquity in it The often mention of Symmachus Governour of Rome in the late Tumults puts me in minde of a Pope not long after of that name noted also for a Schism in his time For Anastasius the Second being a an 498. dead those of Rome ran head long into a new disorder some chusing for Pope Symmachus whilst others elected one Laurentius upon which great disorders riots and mischiefs arises which continued for some years to be short the business was refer'd to Theodorick an Arian King of the Ostrogothes who had then over-run Italy and Symmachus carryed it those of the party of Laurentius troubled at this frame Articles against Symmachus accusing him of some Vices and admit Laurentius upon which new disorders growing and the King being vext at this dissention as b Platina vit Sym. Fil. dâ— Bergamo Cronicle Universale fol. 245. Ant. Sabellic En. 8. l. 2. Jo. Maucler Gener. 17. some say sends Petrus Bishop of Altino in the Territory of Venice now ruined and no Episcopal Seat to Rome there to rule as chief the other two being turn'd out to conclude Petrus is rejected Laurence his party strive to carry all all sorts of villanies are committed Sacred places violated Priests slain but at last after suchlike infinite outrages and murders Symmachus is acknowledged as Pope and in the Chair of Rome ruled several years But before I shake hands with this story I hope you will give me leave to tell you one Tale in confirmation of the right of Symmachus to the Papal Chair and this upon no less authority than Pope c Dialog l. 4. c. 40. Gregory the Great But first we must understand that one Paschasius stood fiercely for Laurentius against Symmachus and that this Paschasius for his learning honesty and holiness was especially famous in those times yet for all these noble qualifications he would never acknowledge Symmachus but on the contrary look'd upon Laurentius to have all right equity and law of his side and so stedfast was he in this that to his dying day he would hold none other for Pope And this was not a little blot to the reputation of the Cause of Symmachus and by consequence to the true Succession of Popes that this Paschasius so knowing so just so vertuous and one who hath got an holy name in the Roman d Baron Martyrol Rom. Maii 13. Martyrologies should look upon Symmachus as an Antipope and acknowledge Laurentius as the onely true one But though good Paschasius dyed in this opinion yet we shall now here the storie of his punishment and repentance for so doing and so the objection cleer'd It chanced upon a time that Germanus Bishop of Capua now an Archbishop See being not well was desired by his Physitians for healths-sake to go into an hot Bath whither being gone he findes there Paschasius dead long before standing in a penitent and piping-hot condition at which Germanus being troubled ask'd him Why he so good a man had to do there
their heads and revolted chusing for Emperour one Theodosius a good man but of no great birth being onely a Collector of Subsidies Theodosius thus Emperour though really against his will took Anastasius and gave him his life but made him a Monk but he continued not long for Leo who was General to Anastasius the Second resolves in vindication of his former Master to oppose him and so having got a great Army marched towards Constantinople and in the way took prisoner a Son of Theodosius Upon this the Father began to grow fearful and not daring to resist so great a power yeilded himself upon promise to have his life secured which was granted Theodosius and his Son as they say being both shorne and made Monks And Leo being thus successful was made Emperour having three who had sat in the Imperial Throne his Prisoners viz. I. Philippus Bardanes whom Anastasius had cast into prison and pluck'd out his eyes II. Anastasius who was forced into holy Orders by Theodosius III. Theodosius who thus submitted to Leo and was also put into holy Orders Sect. 4. The Popes censures and troublings of the Emperour Leo the Third about Images LEo the Third before this call'd Isaurus Conon from his Country Isaurus in Asia sirnamed also by his Enemies Iconomachus from his hatred to Images for which cause Pope Gregory the Second falling out with him was the occasion of great mischief to Christendom This Leo a Tollendi ut ipse dicebat Idolatriae causa Platin. vit Gregor II. declaring against Idolary as he said commanded that all Images in the Churches of Constantinople should be taken down and sent to Gregory the Second at Rome to have his Orders there also obey'd but this the Pope stifly withstands affirming the Emperour to have nothing to do in things of Religion and perswaded all people in this to oppose the Emperour which took such effect that in Constantinople it self some men did not onely reason against the Imperial Decree but the women assaulted those who according to Order went about to execute Leo's commands insomuch that he was forced to use severity against those who opposed his Edicts And in Italy so zealous were the people by the perswasion of the Church-men that in Ravenna where the Imperial Authority most resided they flew into such open Tumults or Rebellion that they murther'd Paulus the Fourteenth Exarch being the Emperours Lieutenant or Deputy in Rome it self they took Petrus the Duke and put out his eyes and in Campania they beheaded the Duke Exhilaratus and his Son Adrian who there took the Emperours part against the Pope who now began to shew themselves Enemies and two to one if the Emperour could have got the Pope into his clutches he had made him smart for his opposition But Gregory on the other side had play'd his Cards so well that he had dwindled the Imperial Jurisdiction in Italy to nothing by his Excommunication and suchlike Censures not onely forbidding any more Tax or Tribute to be paid him but that he should not at all be obeyed And here a Quo tonitru exitati fideles Occidentale mox desciscunt penitus à Leonis Imperio Apostoâ—ico Pontifici adherentes Sic dignum posteris idem Gregorius reliquit exemplum ne in Ecclesia Christi regnare sinerentur haereâ—ci Principes si saepe moniti in errore persistere obstinato animo invenirentur Baron anno 730. § 5. Baronius according to his custom huggs and applauds Gregory for his Censures against the Emperour whereby he got the people to his own Devotion and also left a good Example to Posterity not to permit obstinate Heretical Kings to Rule as the Cardinal saith who never lets any piece of Rebellion pass without commendation But for all this Leo kept his Imperial Seat in Constantinople and continued in his resolution against Images and so had them pull'd down nor could Gregory the Third who succeeded his Name-sake stop his proceedings though by his Censures with the consent of the Roman Clergy he did not onely declare him deprived from the Communion of all Christians but also deposed from his Empire But Leo never thought himself the worse for these brutish Thunderbolts and so raigned as Emperour to his dying day having sat in the Imperial Throne twenty four years And his Son Constantine the Fifth carryed the same Opinion against Images which did not a little perplex the Popes in his time But the Popes quarreling about these trifles was the occasion that the Emperour of Constantinople lost his jurisdiction in Italy Ravenna being about this time taken by Aistulphus the two and twentieth King of the Lumbards in Italy Eutichus the Fifthteenth and last Exarch forced to flee this Exarchical Government having ruled as the Emperours Deputies almost CC years in Italy keeping their Seat at Revenna but the Popes gain'd by this for the Popes as some say having made Pepin King of France in requital desired his assistance against the Lombards who accordingly march'd into Italy beat Aistulph took Ravenna from him which with many other Cities he gave to S. Peter whereby the Pope in a manner held himself Master of that which he now doth in la Marcha di Ancona Romagna di Vrbino Bononia and Ferrara which they say was confirm'd by his Son Charles the Great with the Addition of the Dukedoms of Spoleto and Tuscany and the Islands Sicily Corsica and Sardinia reserving to himself the Soveraignty of them but some men give that which is none of theirs to give and so might Charlemaign but right or no right the Popes do not use to loose any thing that is to be had This Charles the Great also b An. 774. beat Desiderius who succeeded Aistulph and was the last King of the Lombards and so that Kingdom and Rule ended after they had triumph'd in that part of Italy from them call'd Lombardy and the adjacent parts for above CC years and now the Pope began to strut it with the proudest throwing off the jurisdiction of the Western Empire having his daring Lombards thus brought to nought and Charles the Great the Champion of Europe his freind doubly ingaged to him the See of Rome authorising his Father Pepin to be King of France the first step to Charles his greatness and after as they say Crown'd him the first Emperour of the West in opposition to that of the East or Constantinople Sect. 5. The deposing of Childerick the Third King of France HAving here treated somewhat of Pepin and Charlemaign let us see how they came to their greatness and government There having raign'd in France Eighteen Kings since Merouce some say Grand-childe to Pharamund who was the first that brought these German people into France and there setled them there then succeeded in the Kingdom Childerick or Helderick by some falsely call'd Chilperick of which name there hath also been two Kings of France About the year DLIX Clotaire the First set up the Office of the Du
the Moors in Catalonia as his Father Grandfather and Great-grand-father had done before him there was one a Imperial Hist pag. 392. Bernardo del Carpio Nephew to King Alonso who was so famous in those Wars against the Saracens for his great prudence and success that the Emperour Lewes took a special liking to him and being of such great Birth and Duke of Barcenona he took him to him into France making him a special favourite At this promotion of a Stranger the French took pet and at last by rumours and false news so increased the charge that the crime also fell heavily upon the Empress Juditha as one too familiar with the said Bernardo and as one that had so much possess'd the Emperours affection that she not onely ruled all but intended also to get all for her Son Charles from the Emperours other three Children But the truth is these reports are by the Wisest held to be false and impertinent for the Emperour to satisfie the world of the first order'd Bernardo to depart from him which accordingly he did returning into Spain and for any other crime lay'd to him having beg'd leave he publickly challenged according to the custom of those times any his accuser against whom he would clear his innocencie by Combat but none appearing he purged himself by Oath As for Judith Lewes for peace-sake had sent her into a Nunnery nor would he receive her again till before her Enemies she had clear'd her self And a late judicious b Jo. Henr. Bâ—â—eler Comment de rebâ—s saeculi IX X paâ— 65. Historian sheweth us that the ancient Writers of those times do confess that the accusations lay'd against Judith were all false and lyes And their other pretence viz. the indeavours to have young Charles to over-top his Brothers is very impertinent considering how he had given to one a great part of Germany to another a great command in France and the Eldest viz. Lotharius he had had him crown'd Emperour though himself then living according to the custom of those times the better to confirm his succession in the Empire But were these pretences true I see no Authority to warrant this Rebellion which all Authors cry out against and acknowledge the cause of all to be meerly Ambition Arrogancie with hopes of domineering To this Rebellion several of their proud Prelates had an itching De Bussieres Tom. 1. pag. 349. humour nourishing within themselves an hatred against the Emperour because he had by Law restrained their Military Pomp most of them then going habited and acting like Souldiers not troubling their thoughts with their Office as Bishops onely to sweep up the Revenues The chief of these were Ebo or Ebbo Archbishop of Rheims at first a beggerly fellow but by the Emperours favour thus prefer'd Jesse Bishop of Amiens and such like and some of the chief Nobility were great promoters of this villany as Hilduin Hugo Monfredus c. And who must head these but Pepin the Emperours Son and so having got a considerable Army together he marcheth against his Father and in his way takes Orleans The Emperour upon notice of this sends his Empress for security Anno. 830. or policie to a Nunnery at Leon in Picardy himself going to Compeigne neerer Paris Pepin hearing of this sends a party of his Confederates to Laon where by force they take out Juditha and carry her to their General where she is threatned with all manner of torments and deaths unless she will use all her Arguments and Interest to perswade Lewes to become Monk and resign the Empire and she her self to turn Nun. Upon this she is carryed to Compeigne where she privately perswades the Emperour to be as cunning as possible in this great concern and having discovered to him some other hints she returns to the Confederates by whom she is sent to Poictiers and there thrust into the Abbey of a De S. Croix S. Radegonde and there by force vailed as a Nun Pepin and his Confederates publickly rejoycing at this fine act of theirs thinking that now they had all at command and as heart could wish Whilst these Insolencies were acted in France Lotharius or Lotaire the Eldest Brother was in Italy at his command but that he leaveth and cometh to be an Actor with the rest At his first coming in his Councils were divided for though he declared against any incivility to be done to his Father yet he punished all Don Bernardo's Relations he could met withal one he banish'd and another he commanded to have his eyes pull'd out and then did as much as approve of all that had been hitherto done and so the Emperour remain'd without any Power or Authority excepting the bare Name Having gone thus far 't was at last supposed the most plausible means to bring their designs about to have a publick Meeting or Assembly held where they did not question but their actions would be approved of and the Emperour forced to resign Upon this it behooves Lewes to play his Cards well now or never and having consulted all ways at last he found none that had any hopes of security but to trust to his old Friends the Germans where if he could procure the Assembly to be kept he question'd not but all would go well for he thought that at this time he had little reason to confide in his Country-men the French who had thus in time of such need left him in the lurch And accordingly he behaved himself so cunningly that he not only got the Parliament to be held in Germany but a so that none should appear at this meeting in a Warlike posture and accompanied with no more than his own Family and Attendants And having thus secured himself he goeth to the place appointed with his Son Lotharius where seeing himself strengthned with the affection and assistance of a great many Germans he pluck'd up his courage and began to oppose the vapours of his Enemies and in full Parliament being informed that the two Lord Abbots Halduin and Walachus his main opposers had come to the Meeting attended with Armed men boldly ask'd them how they durst appear so accompanyed against the Edict and to punish this their insolencie commanded both of them with their Souldiers to depart the place confining the first to reside and winter at Paderborn in Westphalia and the other at Corbie in Picardy This action quite broke the hearts of the rest of the Conspirators and put them to their wits ends and scarce knowing which way to turn themselves the next night the chief of them went to Lotharius to consult what should be done nor need this take up much time of consideration for they found but two ways either presently to put it to the venture of the Sword or to withdraw themselves from the Parliament till they could increase their force either to carry all France which they doubted not of or by some policie to get the Emperour out of the
have him Emperour once again But his Son Lotharius was far from submitting to or acknowledging any legality in this action and so having got a considerable Army he ruineth all before him making Vienne in Dauphinè and other places there submit to him thence he returneth into Burgondy where he taketh Chalons upon the great River Soane which he destroyeth and he headeth the two loyal Noblemen Gosselinus or Gotselin and Sanila or Samila and to highten his cruelty and Rebellion takes the Lady Gerberg out of a Nunnery where she profest made her be put into a Wine-vessel and so thrown into the River Soane where she was drown'd and â—hence proceeded in his fury to other places in France But the patient Emperour sent to his Son Lothaire a pardon and took him into his favour again the Son being the more willing to accept of it because he now found that he was not able to withstand his Father And now we might think again that all would be quiet and after so many pardonings and favours they would let the good Emperour live in peace But we finde quite contrary for his Son Lotharius troubles him again in Italy but this being pacified his youngest Son Lewes rais'd forces and rebell'd in Germany the news of which being brought to the good Emperour so hugely troubled and perplext him that it put him into a disease which never left him till his dying day which followed not long after all which Anno 840. would be too tedious here to relate the former action being satisfactory enough to any man of the heinousness of these unnatural Rebellions We have formerly hinted of Pope Gregory the Fourth coming from Rome into France in the time of these late Rebellions and how by his means time was protracted at Lugenfeldt to the ruine of the Emperours Cause and his Dethronization To which I shall add nothing but onely this by the by that some will not at all grant that the Pope himself had any design against Lewes but meerly came upon a good intent to make peace amongst them Against which Objection I shall not trouble my self with a Reply but onely refer the Readers to the Learned Collections of a De rebus seculi Iâ— X. pag 68. Henricus Boecherus and the Lord b Myst Iuique pag. 157. du Plessis where they may finde by some instances that it was the opinion of the ancient Historians and those who lived too about the same time that the Pope joyn'd with the Sons in Rebellion against the Father However it be 't is confest by all parties that in France the Pope left a very ill name behinde him for his too much as they thought compliance with the Sons The truth is the Emperour might very well take some distaste against Rome for that noted sedition there in which Theodore chief Secretary to the Church of Rome and Leo the Nomenclator had their Eyes pull'd out and Noses cut off and so slain in the Lateran it self and no one crime objected against them but their affection to the Emperour Of which action Pope Paschal the First was accused by some but he indeavour'd by his Agents to clear himself of this crime to the Emperour but this not satisfying and seeing Lewes farther resolved to finde out the business he by his own Oath declared himself guiltless and yet at the same time so stout was Paschal that he would not permit those who had slain them to be punished or to fall under any secular Judge and the reason of all this was because they were people that belong'd to the Family of S. Peter A pretty Maxime yet were it worse it would be authentick enough in that houshold And Jaques de Montholon a false name I suppose for I think the true Author was the great Plaidoye pour les Peres Jesuites res Jesuites p. 403 c. French Jesuite Pierre Cotton when in this case he makes it his design to make an Apology for his Society handleth the Question so slightly cunningly and with such Leger-de-main shifting himself according to his other Writings this way and that way that every man may take him as he thinks fit and so may be of any side either accusation or vindication But this by the by 'T is true Pope Paschal did also declare those who were slain to be guilty of death and that they justly suffer'd but this was so little satisfactory to Lewes that he sent some again to Rome to examine and try the business but the death of the Pope in the mean time render'd that Journey useless By this we see that the Emperours yet kept up their Jurisdiction over Rome nay and the Pope too in relation to their Elections For when Gregory the Fourth was Hon. Boeclâ—rus pag. 84. chosen at Rome he was not Consecrated nor acknowledged as full Pope till the Emperour Lewes his Ambassadors had been at Rome and throughly examin'd the Election and informed the Emperour who consenting he was then Consecrated And a Vâ—â— Greg. IV. Platina himself confesseth somewhat to this purpose viz. This Gregory was of such modesty that being chosen by the Clergy and people of Rome he would not enter into the Popedom till he had been confirmed by the Emperours Ambassadors sent for that intent to Rome and who diligently examin'd the Election And the reason why Lewes did thus concern himself with the Popes Chair was as the same Platina saith b Ne jura Impeâ—iâ— amitteret That he might not lose the Rights and Priviledges of the Empire And some years after this Leo the Fourth being chosen Pope and Consecrated without acquainting the Emperour Lotharius with it yet was this action winck'd at by the Emperour upon a reasonable and necessitating excuse viz. the Saracens raging up and down Italy they could not conveniently send with the accustomed Grandeur information to Lothaire and by reason of such Pagan Enemies the delay of having an authentick Bishop was then dangerous And their own c Page 497. lls n' osâ—ent le Consacrer sans le Consentement de l'Empeâ—eur qui s'en estoit reservè la Connoissance qui d'ailleurs vengeoit severement le mespris s'â—l n'y estoit appelle Parmi cela c'estoit comme chose impossiâ—le d'envoyer vers luy tout le pais estant convert de ces Iâ—fidelles Coeffeteau doth make this Apology confessing that otherwise they durst not be Consecrated without the Emperours approbation or confirmation To which we may add that the people of Rome at these times and by the Popes order or consent swore Allegiance to the Emperours These things with some other d Du Plessis p. 154 155. reasons mentioned by others well considered may give a notable blow to that which they call the Donation of Lewes to the Popes as for those of Pepin and Charles the Great they are talk'd of but I have not seen them set down in set words And the vast e Falmen Brutâ—m
the Austrians stir'd up either by the f Id. pag. 4â—4 439. Pope or Fredericks Enemies rise up against him whereupon he was forced to forsake his design at Milan But having quiered all in Germany he returns against the Rebels year 1237 in Italy earnestly desiring the Popes assistance against these Traytors But Gregory after a g Matt. Paris p. 444. 1238. dissembling manner made shew as if he also fear'd the Imperial Armies and so neglected his aid Frederick marcheth on beateth the Milanois conquering all the Rebels before him The Pope seeing thus all to go well on the Emperours side sends to him to spare the people and accept of a peace But these things not fadging according to the Popes humour he Leagues himself with the Venetians and Genovois against Frederick and then h 1239. Excommunicates him and absolves his Subjects from their Allegiance And this be sends all over with many aggravations against the Emperour all which Frederick undertook to i Matt. Paris p. 493 494 495 496 501 520 521. Pet. de Ven. lib. 1 Ep. 1. 50. answer At last the breach widening and who would not be angry to loose an Empire disdain turn'd their Prose into Poetry And Bzov. anno 1239. § 7 thus they Libel one another which you may take as themselves relate it with their variations And first they say the Emperour thus shews himself Roma diu titubans a Variis longis erroribus act a b Totius mundi Corruet mundi desinet esset caput Rome so long shook with divers errours shall Now cease to be head of the World and fall To which the Pope thus returns Niteris incassum navem submergere Petri Fluctuat at nunquam c Mergitur illa desinet esse Ratis In vain thou striv'st to drown St. Peters boat It ne'er shall cease to be but always float To which thus again Frederick Fata d Docent volunt stellaque e Moment docent aviumque volatus f Totius malleus unus erit Quod Fredericus ego Malleus Orbis ero The Fates the Stars and Auguries decree That I the Conquerour of the world shall be And at last Gregory gives this return g Fama resert Fata volunt Scriptura docet peccata loquuntur Quod tibi vita brevis poena perennis erit The Fates and Scripture tell your sins report Your pains shall never end though life but short h Acts Mon. Tom. 1. p. 409. John Fox affords you other Verses to this purpose Gregory having thus by his toyish Censures deprived Frederick as he thought and some Italian writers look upon him for the future as no Emperour consults for a new Election and at last pitcheth upon Robert Brother to the King of France But this by the French St. Lewis is rejected as ridiculous alledging the Matt. Paris p. 517 518. Jo. de Bussieres Tom. 2. pag. 134. Pope to have no power over the Emperour and that Frederick was a good Christian Neighbour Friend and Ruler And so this design fell to the ground The Pope being thus frustrated by so great a Monarch entred into a Treaty with Frederick but though agreement made being fickle-humoured he would i Id. pag. 541. stand to nothing to the amazement and grief of his own Legates However Gregory resolved to undo the Emperour summon'd a Council to confirm his deposition but this was hindred by Fredericks seizing of some Cardinals and Bishops going thither and the Popes year 1241 death who had given k Mutius pag. 209. Indulgences to all those who would take up the Croisaidy against the Emperour The death of Gregory ended not the troubles of Frederick for Innocent IV was as furious against him as the former though a friend to him when a Cardinal which made the Emperour upon notice of his Election knowing that Authority commonly alters the man and Popes used to be enemies to the Empire say That he had lost a good Cardinal friend but got a mortal enemy being Pope And this proved true Yet the Emperour being stronger in Italy Innocent fled into France where he excommunicates Frederick of which Mat. Paris tells us this following story A certain Curate of Paris having received the Order to excommunicate year 1245 him and not liking such dealings against the Emperour yet willing in some way to satisfie the command thus bespake his Parishioners Give ear all good people I have received order Mat Paris an 1245. p. 654. to pronounce the solemn sentence of Excommunication against the Emperour Frederick the Candles put out and Bells ringing But not knowing the reason though I am not ignorant of the great quarrel and inexorable hatred between them and I know also that one of them doth injure the other but which is the offender I know not Therefore so far forth as my power doth extend I excommunicate and pronounce excommunicated one of the two namely he that doth injury to the other and I doe absolve him that doth suffer the injury which is so hurtful to all Christendome At which honest meaning humour the Emperour was very well pleased whilst the Pope on the other hand was as much offended Who to make his cause more plausible gets a Council call'd at Lyons where the Emperour is again excommunicated though the Pope would not permit him to come there in person to answer for himself nor remit any of his fury towards him though the Kings of France and England would ingage for his good behaviour and due obedience Frederick being informed how the Pope and Council had declared him deposed plucks up his spirits plays the man despiseth their trifling authority over him affirms himself no subject to their Mat. Paris p. 679. deposition calls for his Crown puts it on his head and bravely and wisely resolves to keep it there On the other side those on the Popes faction looking upon 1245. 1246. Frederick as deposed consult another election and at the Popes Instigation chose Henry Lantsgrave of Turinge of whom or some other they had a Mat. Paris p. 608. formerly the same thoughts and Crown him at Aken Though St Lewes King of France upon many reasons would gladly have b Id. p. 697. perswaded the Pope to a reconciliation with the Emperour Frederick but Innocent would not Henry the Lantsgrave enjoyed not his Title long being wounded year 1247 to death as some say as he was besieging Vlme after whom and a design upon some c Mat. Paris p. 808. others by the same means was elected William Earle of Holland who d Notae in Hadr. Barland Hist com Holland p. 67. 1250. some say was afterwards Crown'd by Pope Innocent at Genoa whom we shall leave rejoycing at the departure of Frederick who dyed in Italy some say poysoned others think stifled However it be he was an excellent Scholar and Linguist speaking French Italian German Latin Greek and Arabick and
take his ease Richard knowing that without these concessions he could not be able to conquer Conrade wisely replyed to Albert the Legat that the Pope might as well say Loe I sell or give to thee the Moon ascend and take her Whereupon this treaty fell But the Pope then falls to work with King Henry himself whom he knew to be * Ad damna propria pronum credulum Ib. credulous and apt to run into his own ruine Henry easily consents to this sending the Pope a great deal of Money and the Pope as if to requite him stays the Croisado-Forces designed for the Holy-land that they might serve the King of England against Conrade to the grief of the Christians in Palestine which must be a crime in him if it were any in Frederick And to make Conrade more odious he bespatters him with multitude of Accusations to all which Conrade a Vid. Will. Wats Additamenta Matt. Paris apud fiâ—em p 192 193 194. answered at large and at last dyed as most men say by Poyson Not long before him dyed at Bugden in Huntingtonshire Robert Grost head Capito or Great-head Bishop of Lincolne The Pope no sooner heard of the death of Conrade but with a cheerful heart a smiling countenance and a triumphing voice he cryes out b Matt. Paris p. 89â— Truly I rejoyce and let all us that belong to the Roman Church be glad because two of our greatest Enemies are taken away Robert Bishop of Lincolne and Conrade King of Sicily And yet for Robert of Lincolne I dare boldly say that he was the greatest Scholar and most knowing man in his days in the World And the c Nic. Harpsfield Hist Eccles p. 477. Jo. Pistreus p. 326 227. Romanists themselves will magnifie him for all manner of Vertues and Holiness and not stick to say that his many d Matt. Paris p. 876 880 88â— 903. Harâ—sfieâ—d p. 47â— Miracles were evident signs of his Saintship But to pass by these things Pope Innocent himself dyed presently after And if they will put now any credit in Visions of which they have formerly so much gloryed as to bring Arguments from them to prove their Religion as you may see at large in Daurovetius both a Pope and a Cardinal will assure them of the e Matt. Paris pag. 897 903 904. miserable condition of this Innocent in the other World for his bad living in this But this I leave to them onely who delight in and vindicate themselves by such ware Yet before I part with this Innocent IV give me leave to tell the Reader that this is him who once in a rant thus vapour'd out his Authority f Nonne Rex Anglorum noster est vassalus ut plus dicam mancipium qui potest eum nuta nostro incarâ—erate ignominiae manâ— pâ—â—e Matt. Paris anno 1â—53 pag. 872. What is not the King of England our Vassal nay and to say more our SLAVE whom at a beck I can cause to be imprisoned and exposed to all ignominy After Alexander IV Vrban IV then Clement IV sate in St. Peters Chair as they phrase it which Clement before his Popedome was g B. Carranza sum Concil pag. 814. Bzov. anno 1265. § 1. Spondan Io. Guil. Rishanger continuat Matt. Paris p. 999 Genebrard Con p 9â—5 1272. 〈◊〉 p. 975 976. marryed and had several Children After his death the See of Rome was void three years the Cardinals not agreeing but wrangling amongst themselves every one hoping to be the man These self-ended interests and designs and yet all pretending the Elections to be by the Infallible inspiration of the Holy Ghost made one of the Cardinals it seems of a more free humour than the rest thus jeeringly advise them Let us open the top of the Conclave for the Holy-Ghost cannot descend upon us through so many Roofs At last Theobald Archbishop of Liege is chosen who call'd himself Gregory X. Of this wrangling Election the former Cardinal of Porto made this riming Distick Papatus munus tulit Archidiaconus unus Quem Patrem Patrum fecit discordia fratrum An Archdeacon's made Pope and at Rome sits a vicaring Made Father of Fathers by the Cardinals bickering But returning to Germany William of Holland departing out of this World by violence some say the Prince Electors differ about a new Emperour Some stand for Richard Duke of Cornwall and him they say the Pope favoured the main reason being his Riches according to the Proverb Nummus ait pro me nubit Cornubia Romae For me the money speaks it self Rome Marries Cornwal for his pelf Other Electors chose Don Alphonso X King of Castile and Leon so famous for his love to Astronomy and other Sciences But Richard made more haste and was Crown'd at Aken yet some will account neither of these for Emperours though a De jure status l. 3. c. 4. p. 287 288. Bozius confesseth that of necessity one of them should and ought to be Emperour yet the same Romanist will easily dash away the necessity with his almighty Argument viz. because it was not the Popes pleasure to confirm either of them And yet they confess that Pope b Spondan anno 1259. § 8. Alexander IV earnestly desired our English Richard to go to Rome and receive the Imperial Crown And after Richards death Alonso of Spain could not obtain it But the Electors then went to a new Election and chose Rodulph Earl of Habsburg upon the Northern Coasts of Helvetia I shall not trouble my self here with the Original of this Family whether German or Italian but refer you to a late Tract said to be a Posthume of that busie-pated c Gasp Sciop de August Dom. Austria Origine Scioppius and a later and more large Volume by d Germania Part. 3. vid. Mâ—c Eyzinger Genealog Princ. Austâ—â—ae Spond anno 1273. § 8. Gabriel Bucelinus who will refer you to others Yet this we must grant that from this Family the famous House of Austria and almost all the German Emperours to this day have sprung This Emperour Rodulph the Pope would gladly have had gone into Italy to receive his Crown of him but Rodulf utterly refused it e Pet. Mâ—xia fol. 444. Spondâ— anno 1277. § 3. alledging for his reason Aesop's Fable how the Fox would not go to the Lyon because he observed no Foot-prints of any beasts returning safe out of those who had formerly goâ—e to visit him And this he took to be the case of the Emperours his Predecessors few of them but loosing by their journey and having cause to repent of their expensive and abused travails And this some others observing Italy in time fell off from the Empire The Pope by no means allowing of a Neighbour so neer and so potent Rodulph dying Adulph Earl of Nassaw was elected by the cunning year 1292 of Gerhard Archbishop of Mentz his Kinsman But having ruled VI years and Albert son to
telling where you might see them viz. in Jo. Fox p. 448 449. and Traitez des droits libertes de l'Eglise Gall. Tom. 2. p. 14â— 141. poyntes many mo than one In a great synne pleynly and nat spared By him the Church was â—urte and not repared Put on him crymes of great mysgovernaunce Denonucynge enemy to all the Londe of Fraunce Put on him many great outrage Wrongly howe he had done offence To a Cardinal born of the lynage c Bâ—nâ—face was a mortal enemy to the Family of the Colonne banishing the Cardinals and making them and others of that house incapable of any preserment and it may be they might provoke him to it they were restored again by Benedict IX and Clement V. De Columpnys a kinrede of reverence For which cause he kept him in absence Out of the Court drough where he was born By which occasion the Pope his lyf hath lorn De Columpnys the Lynage hath so wrought d Sciarra Coâ—lonna others sâ—ddenly sâ—ized upon the Pope in Anagni some say they carryed him prisoner to Rome others say that he was rescued and went to Rome of his own accord and if so then he was not imprisoned in Castello S. Angelo Toke Bony face for his â—ruelte With great force and power they have him brought Vnto a Castel which stode in the Cite Called Sancta Angeli gave auctorite To Cardinal and by commyssion Power to do full Execution Of these maters hangynge in balaunce A twene partyes were it right or wronge Both of Romayns and Prelates eke of Fraunce The Pope ay kept within the Castel stronge Of aventure abydynge there nat longe Fyll in a flixe and afterwarde for nede For hunger e So saith Boccace Trevisa Walsingam but some others deny it ete his handys as I rede Howe af his dyeinge it is made mencion Aboute the Castel was mervelous lightnyng Where the Pope lay fettred in prison None such a form was seyn in their lyvynge c. The death of Pope Boniface might be reckoned for a blessing to Christendom for if this quarrel between him and the King of France came to such an height and extravagancie in the small time of two or three years with what combustion and miseries would it in all likelyhood have fill'd Europe had the lengthning of this Popes life prolong'd and so more stir'd up the mischief Boniface VIII dying Benedict IX succeeded who ruled not long being taken away as is supposed by poyson Then after him was elected Clement V though no Cardinal and besides he basely and illegally obtain'd the Chair by the interest of this King Philip to whose feet he humbled himself not onely Simoniacally promising but also f Jo. Rubens pag. 288. Bzovius Spondanus swearing before the Eucharist and giving farther security too that if he would let him be Pope for the King then carryed a main stroke to gratifie Philip in several Concessions as to condemn or rase out the very memory of Boniface c. Clement V having thus obtain'd the Popedom removes the Papal Seat from Rome into France where it continued many years At his Coronation at Lyons there was a great deal of hurley-burley by the falling of an old Wall whereby Charles the Kings Brother the Duke of Britanny with several others were hurt the Pope himself tumbled from his Rosanante by which fall he lost a rich Jewel from his Tiara or Pontifical Diadem And the King hardly escaped the scowring having like a dapper Page on foot waited on his Holiness and his Horse holding the g Spond an 1305. § 6. reins of the Bridle and when he was weary of that unkingly slavery or thought he had done enough h Coeffeâ— pag. 1018. his two Brothers others say Charles and the Duke of Britanny one on one side of his Horse and the other on the other performed the same humble service but the stones of the old Wall so knockt them for their pains that ten to one they repented of their servility and wished themselves farther off his Holiness After all these glories Clement reconciles all between France and the Popedom absolving those whom Boniface had Excommunicated restored the Family of the Colonni vindicating the King from any bad intentions in his actions against Boniface yet he would not be as good as his Oath to dash out the very memory of Boniface though Philip several times urged him earnestly to it But Boniface he makes no Heretick yet as unwilling that his actions in this quarrel should be remembred he commands under pain of Excommunication all i Spond an anno 1310. § 3. Acts Writings Registers c. of these things to be taken off the File abolished and razed out nor never for the future to be re-assumed or discovered to any And we are told that he also granted that the k Coeffet p. 1024. Kings and Kingdom of France should never for the future be Excommunicated or Interdicted The which if true must be thought a brave priviledge in those wrath-denouncing times To conclude with this Clement take one story several Monks had bought great priviledges of the Pope of which they were as proud as he glad of their Cash The Fryar Minorites go to Market too and offer Clement above forty thousand Florences of Gold for a dispensation to possess Riches contrary to their Order Tho. Walsingham in â—aw I. p. 19. Fox p. 480. Clement bites at this goodly bait asked them where their Money was they reply In the Merchants hands and ready The Pope bids them come again the third day In the mean time the Pope absolves the Merchants of their Bond made to the Fryars and commanded them to deliver him the Moneys The Merchants absolved obey and the Pope tells the Fryars that he would not violate the Rule of S. Francis And so the poor Fryars went sneaking away gull'd of their Moneys Clement being too cunning for such hoorders up of Wealth And so much for Clement who was a lover of Women as well as Riches CHAP. IV. 1. The Murther of the Emperour Albert. 2. The death of the Emperour Henry the Seventh 3. The troubles of the Empire by reason of the Papal arrogancy 4. The strange Tumults acted at Rome by Nicholao di Renzo and Francisco Barencello 5. The Dog-trick used by the Venetians to take off the Popes Censures against them 6. The bloudy actions in Hungary Sect. 1. The Murther of the Emperour Albert. YOu were formerly told how Adolph the Emperour was deposed and slain by Duke Albert which Albert now carryed himself as Emperour having the voice and consent of the Germans and though at first Pope Boniface VIII refused his confirmation yet at last hoping to make use of him against King Philip the fair of France he also acknowledged him for Emperour confirm'd him in the Throne approved of all that he had year 1303 done and commanded him to be obey'd and so according to their Rule he is now a lawful Emperour and
by the Emperours Ambossador And the better to retain in Memory this Massacre the Pope had it c George Wheâ—ston's English Mirrour pag. 17â— painted about his great Hall in the Lateran and there Recorded in d Jo. Niâ—hâ—l's Pilgrimage B. 8 Marble And what must be the cause of all these e Catholicorum Apologiis propugnata quae â—t Romae atque in Hispania immensis landibus celebrata Jo. de Bussiers Hist Fran. Vol. 4. pag. 120. De eâ— Laetitia ob vindicatos Haereticos piorum animis concepta non parum est Summar ad Hist Hispan Jo. Mariana anno 1572. Joyes Gaities and Triumphs in France Spain Italy and where not amongst the Romanists but that thirty thousand Protestants were in a small time destroyed by divers sorts of deaths some drown'd some hang'd some starv'd some Pistol'd others had their throats cut their bodies drag'd about streets denyed Christian buryal c. without any consideration of Age Sex Quality or Relations And all this in a supposed time of security and tranquillity a peace being made and the King passing his word and promise for their safety Now here would I ask the Romanists whether ever Queen Elizabeth did such a cruel Action as this If not then why must Charles IX go away with all these Glories and Trophies and our Queen laden with nothing but black accusations of cruelty As if Religon intitled one to more authority over his Vassals then the other The year viz. 1572. of this Massacre some have troubled themselves to lay down in these Numeral Letters Upon Gaspar Coligny the Admiral gVIsano oCCVbV It pIVs ah CoLLIgnIVs astV LVX qVater aVgVst I sena DoLen Da Ven It. Or thus bartho Lo MaeVs fLet qVIa FranCICVs oCCVbat atLas And upon the City of Paris this LVtetI a Mater sVos natos DeVoraVIt And here I cannot but take notice of one pretty cheat the Pope makes use of to shew to the world his great liking of this Massacre viz. that whensoever the famous Catholick Thuanus in his Narrative of this Butchery hints as he doth several times of the cruelty of these Throat-cuttings These expressions sound so harsh in the ears of his good Romanists that in the Index Expurgatorius they are all order'd to be dasht out and to appear no more in print lest good people should be corrupted by them so wo be to them who dare think amiss of this Parisian slaughter But it is not here alone but in many other places that they have endeavour'd to falsifie and corrupt this Learned Thuanus though one of their own Church yet one that hated lying For which Jacobus Gretser Johannes Baptista de Machand or Macaldus under the false name of Jo. Baptista Gallus I. C. with Adam Contzen and other Jesuits cannot pass him by without throwing some dirt upon him But though de Thou's book were a Adam Cantzen Discepâ—atio de Secretis Societat Jesu pag. 40. burnt at Rome yet will it remain as an instructive Monument to future Ages though endeavour'd to be corrupted as appears by the Index Expurgatorius and possibly hath been as is manifest by the late little Thuanus Restitutus But leaving these forraign comparisons let us return home and take a short view of our two Sister-Queens of different perswasisions in Religion Queen Mary whose Piety and Mercie is much commended by Sanders and other Romanists Reigned about five years yet in that short time were put to death for Religion above 260 without any regard to Sex Quality or Age Rich and Poor Learned and Ignorant Old and little Children that knew not the right-hand from the left one springing out of its Mothers Womb whilst burning at the Stake and unhumanely the little infant thrown into the fire to burn with its Heretical Mother as they term'd it In twice this time viz. for the first ten years of Elizabeth not one Romanist suffer'd death for Religion and though she Reigned above 44 years yet in that long Rule there were not so many put to death of the Romanists for Treason or what else the Romanist pleaseth almost by an hundred as there were in the short time of Queen Mary To which we may add as is confest by b In numerabiles Ang licaâ—i Martyres Duâ—em Ed mundum Campianum secuti docuetunt Pontificem Rom. posse quemcunque etiam Regem dig nitaâ—e Regâ—a exuete Abr. bzovius de Rom. Pont. cap. 46. pag. 621. Bzovius their Papal Champion that there was not any that suffer'd in Queen Elizabeth's time but did teach the dangerous Doctrine That the Pope could depose Kings This were enough to testifie that Queen Elizabeth was as happy and merciful to her Subjects as her Sister Queen Mary And to perswade those who throw so many commendations on the latter not to rob the former of her due praise The first that the Romanists pretended Martyrologist puts down to have suffer'd in Queen Elizabeth's days is one John Felton year 1570 and yet this was not till the XII year of her Reign so that they can pretend to no bloud for so many years And what small reason they have to glory in this mans Martyrdom let us judge by the Cause in short thus for I shall have occasion to speak more of him hereafter Queen Elizabeth having triumphantly Raigned above X years in the Nation to the great joy and comfort of her Subjects at last Pope Pius V takes a humour in his head and he forsooth must declare her to be no Queen to which purpose he thunders out a Bull declaring her Heretick Excommunicated Deprived and Deposed from her Dominions Absolves all her Subjects from Allegiance and interdicts any that shall obey her c. Felton gets this Bull hangs it upon the Bishop of Londons Palace-gates scorns to seek an escape boldly vindicates the Pope and himself in what was done defying the Queen and her Authority for which he was arraigned condemn'd and hang'd August 8. neer the same place in St. Pauls Church-yard Now for any thus to contemn and vilifie his Soveraign null her Authority renounce his Allegiance and so far to submit himself to a Forreign jurisdiction even in Temporalities as to declare his own Soveraign deprived and depos'd from her Kingdom I say what punishment this man incur'd let the Reader judge provided he will also consider that had a Protestant thus renounced his Obedience in Queen Mary's days not but that there were some Calvinistical fire-brands then the party should have dyed for it and those who commend Felton would have call'd the other Traytor And yet Felton did it to procure a National Rebellion This and some other Disturbances occasioned the next Parliament to put forth some a 13 Eliz. cap. 1. 2 3. Acts for the preservation of the Queens person and the better quieting and securing her Subjects and Dominions all people having time given them to consult either their own safety or a complyance So that who suffer'd afterwards was for their
shall surely count again CARDINAL OF BOURBON But each may reckon what he thinks his own QUEEN-MOTHER CATHARINE For what whilest my Son lives and wears the Crown DUKE OF LORRAIN Yet let 's the LEAGUE and her designs pursue DUKE OF SAVOY Then th' KING will lose FRANCE and his Subjects too KING OF SPAIN If FRANCE doth lose her self I shall her gain FRANCE Puh for ane Bone so many Dogs are vain And to their cost my might and force they 've try'd Who durst disturb my Quiet by their Pride The Covenanters having with what diligence and secrecy they possibly could contriv'd their designs the Duke of Guise pretended to retire to his Government in Champaigne but in truth to consult the better about their Affairs and to get the Duke of Lorrain to subscribe their League To all which purposes he held a Treaty or Conventicle at Joinville a place of his on the borders of Champaigne where met him 31 Decâ—m 1584. Juan Baptista Tassi a Knight of St. Jago and Dom Juan Morreo of Rhodes the King of Spains Commissioners the Duke of Mayenne Brother to Guise François Roncerole Sieur de Meneville Agent in the League for Cardinal Bourbon with some other Favourites of the Faction At this Caball amongst other things was 2 Jan. 158â— agreed on That supposing King Henry III. should die without a Son lawfully begotten that then the old Cardinal of Bourbon should be declared King all Huguenots or Hereticks excluded from the Succession That in the mean time all care industry and force should be used to root out the Huguenots That Cardinal Bourbon coming to the Crown a firm Peace should be made betwixt France and Spain That he should restore unto Spain all that had been taken from it by the Huguenots namely Cambray That he should assist the Spaniard in the recovery of the Netherlands That the Council of Trent should be received in France and that it and no other Religion should be permitted That the Spaniards should have free Traffick into the Indies and not not be molested by the * This complain'd on 1571. Dâ—vila p. 353 French Pyrats That the King of Spain should monethly contribute fifty thousand Crowns for the maintenance of the League and afford men also if need be That he should receive into his protection Cardinal Bourbon with the Guisians and all other Covenanters That no Treaty or Agreement whatsoever should be made with the present 1585 ☞ French King without mutual consent of both parties viz. the Spaniard and Leaguers That the Articles of this Confederacy should for some reasons be kept secret till a more fitting opportunity Besides these the Spaniard secretly promis'd to the Duke of Guise the Assignment of two hundred thousand Crowns per annum for his own particular In the mean time the Covenanters had Cardinal Pellevée solliciting their cause at Rome with Pope Gregory XIII to whom they also sent their Agitator Claude Mathieu an active Jesuite and as there they intended to consult their Interest so were they not negligent at home and amongst the rest were very careful to secure Ludovico Gonzago Duke of Nevers in his approbation of their Cause For though at first being a zealous Romanist he had been overpersuaded to adhere to the League really thinking that nothing else was intended thereby then the propagation and maintenance of the Roman Religion and possibly his Wife Catharine daughter to the Duke of Mayenne and so Neece to Guise might somewhat work upon him to put a greater credit in that Family then was necessary yet upon better considerations or Interest he began to cool and at last resolved to do nothing but what was as he said legal and honest being determined upon any terms whatever not to violate his Conscience or Loyalty the Gomberville les Memoirâ— de M. dâ— Nevers vol. 1. p. 649 better to secure which he draweth up and desires to be satisfied in these following Quaere's Whether it be lawful for the Subjects of a Christian Prince to take up arms on their own heads or accord without the Popes leave signified to them in writing to root out the Hereticks of their countrey seeing the Prince himself neglects to punish them according to his duty though desir'd and petition'd so to do by the three Estates Supposing this and that the King should so far dislike the Resolution of his said Subjects as to withstand and oppose their Declarations and Sentiments and therein to call to his assistance the said very Hereticks Whether in this case the said Subjects shall be quit and free from the Oath of Fidelity and Allegeance they ow'd him Whether 't is lawful for them to fight against the said Prince even to conquer him in battel or otherwise with intent to obtain their Design viz. to root out the aforesaid Hereticks And to this purpose whether it be lawful for them to seize on imploy and use the Towns and Treasuries of the said Prince though against his express will and pleasure Of these Nevers for his better satisfaction would not onely have the opinion of some private persons in whose judgment and learning he much confided but also of the Pope himself For the private persons he sendeth the Quaeres to his Confessor Monsieur Berthonnier conjuring him in the Name of the Living God to give him his advice and resolution and therein to consult with Monsieur Faber Accordingly they return to him that he ought forthwith to take up arms and that in so doing it will be so far from harming his Conscience that it will on the contrary be a Meritorious deed an immortal Honour to him and his Family and very grateful and agreeable to God himself As for the Pope Cardinal de Pellevée Jaques la Rue alià s Martelli and the aforesaid Claude Mathieu assure him that the Pope doth so much approve of the Quaeres that he doth not only declare it to be just and lawful to fight against Hereticks but also against any that shall favour or adhere to them though it were the * De quâ—lque qualite on estat qu ' ils fussenâ— mesme Royale King himself yet he would not have them to attempt any thing against his life though he would allow them to seize uhon his person and so dispose and command him Yet that his Holiness would not publickly declare this by Bull or Brief it at this time being not convenient as he thought so to do considering the humours of the Protestants in Germany Switzerland the Low-countries and in France it self and so hopes that Nevers and the other Leaguing Princes will be content with his Verbal declaration which he will stand to and never revoke And for the better security of this Martelli brought from Rome some pretty Beads sanctified by the Pope himself for the Cardinal de Bourbon that he might bestow them upon the Covenanting Princes and the other Chieftains and Commanders of that design But these things not fully satisfying
or that Crown * 15 Jan. Affirming that to think that the Priviledges of the Gallican Church extendeth so far as to admit of an Heretical King is the dream of a Madman and an Heretical Contagion That those who had acknowledg'd Navarre had forgot the Piety of their Ancestors the Reputation of their Countrey and the safety of their souls their salvation being desperate That Navarre had violated all Laws both divine and humane And that the Parliament of Paris is a true and lawful one and so perswadeth them to proceed to an Election To these the King returning Answers endeavoring to clear himself from their Accusations not forgetting also to shew what a favour he had for the Roman Religion And though the death of the Duke of Parma had been no small Hindrance to the Spanish designs yet now Lorenzo Suarez de Figuerâ— Duke of Feria cometh Embassador to manage the Interest of that Crown at the meeting of the States several at this time aiming at the Throne and every one not despairing of their Cause or Interest The Spanish daughter Izabella Clara Eugenia the Dukes of Guise Lorain Nemours and Mayenne having all hopes In short the States-General meet at Paris in the Great Hall of the 26 Jan. Louvre amongst the rest of the Drolleries of these times nothing took more then a Book call'd Satyre Menippee or le Catholicon d'Espagne Composed in abuse of this Convention * Debit Pret. Belg. Tom. 3. p. 339. Justus Lipsius will have a fling at this Book but the greatest honour it received was from Rome where their Wisdomes there as if they had nothing else to do did many years after very gravely call it to remembrance and at last thought it fit to pass under their * 16 Mar. 1621. vid. Ind. Expurgat Alexandri VIII p. 218. Censure of Reprobation The prose of it was made by the Almoner to Cardinal de Bourbon the Verses were composed by Nicholas Rapin commended by * Poet Gall. vol. 3. p. 165. Johannes Passeratius * Ib. p. 420 421. Scavâ—la Sammorthanus with others and Rapin himself hath some * Ib. p. 204 c. 28 Jan. Poems out in Latin The States being met as aforesaid Mayenne King-like sitteth under the Cloth of State desiring them to choose a Catholick King an Enemie to Heresie which was seconded by others The next day at a private meeting the Legat moved that at the next Sessions of the States all should take a solemn Oath never to acknowledge Navarre for their King though he should turn Romanist but this was quashr at the Proposal as to swear against the Popes Authority suppose he should turn and his Holiness command him to be received The next day the Romanists with the King with his consent send Propositions to the States for a Treaty with them at which the Legat stormeth affirming the Proposal to be Heretical and so not fit to be Answer'd Cardinal Pelleve and Diego d'Ivarra one of the Spanish Agents agreâ—ing with him but this was opposed and because the Paper was directed to all the States 't was judged fit to be communicated to them which so netled the Legat that he got the Colledge of Sorbonne to declare it Heretical as intimating a declared Heretick might be King and ought to be obeyed Yet the Proposal is shewn to the States a Conference with the Royal Romanists is consented to but in their Answer they had this odd Conclusion That to oppose an Heretical King is not Treason The place agreed on is Surenne between Paris and St. Denys and Persons are nominated on both sides In the States the Spaniards carried high for the Infanta many seeming willing to it for interest-sake but when they named Ernest Arch-Duke of Austria the Emperors Brother for her husband it was rejected as not fitting to give the Kingdom to a stranger The Spaniards smelling the design offered to admit of a French Prince to be married to Philips daughter which took pretty well Guise Nemours Lorain and Mayenne his sons each of them hoping to be the Man and King Nay some who seem'd to be the Kings Friends and Allies as Cardinal Bourbon Count de Soissons the Prince of Conti with some others began to hearken to this Proposal every one fancying to make the Crown his upon which conceits they were not so earnest in the Kings Cause and Interest as they seem'd to be The King perceiving that the Authority of the Pope was one of his greatest Enemies or Pretences had a great minde to have him pacified to which purpose he formerly had the Republick of Venice and Ferdinando de Medici Grand Duke of Tuscany to use their interests in his behalf at Rome and to further it had also been sent Cardinal Pietros de Gondy Bishop of Paris and the Marquess de Pisani in the name of the Romanist with the King upon the same Errand But the Pope commanded them not to enter into the Ecclesiastical Territories as being Favourers of Hereticks well-Wishers to Navarre with whom they had presumed to speak and treat to which some Reasons and Excuses being returned the Pope at last permits them to enter Rome And at last the King himself gave fair Signes and Proffers to the Conference at Surenne not only of his being willing to be instructed in the Roman Religion but as it were ready to be of it This amazeth the Covenanters to the purpose the Legat protesteth against the Conference as dangerous that they could neither treat with nor admit of a peace with Navarre being a declared Heretick and that if they did either he for his part would quit the Kingdom and this he publish'd in Print that every one might take notice of it Nor were the Spaniard less concerned who fearing the Kings Conversion would make haste and be excepted of thinking to spoil it Nominates the Duke of Guise for Husband to the Infanta shewing it was so in his Instructions At this Mayenne is stung to the heart nor could he so much dissemble but his thoughts were perceived however he thanks them for their kindness to his Nephew and desires time till things were better prepared But this Nomination being known the Embassadors Nobles Citizens and every one flock to pay their service to Guise and give him joy his Palace is fill'd himself cried up and now they vapour of a new Kingling * Charles de Guisâ— Charles XI At all this the Dutchess of Mayenne is mad she frets storms and weeps three days and not able any longer to endure she falleth upon her troubled husband with Sighs Exclamations Threatnings and Railings jearing him as one that hath lost all his labour and pains if he who had hitherto borne the brunt must at last only thus truckle to his young Nephew The Duke also thus perplext to see himself as it were laid aside puts many into young Guise his head demands strange and exorbitant Conditions of the Spaniard for performance yet thinking
As for the Jesuits the Senate demanding their Answer they return'd that they might continue the Divine Offices their Sermons and Confessions according to their Custom For upon notice of the Interdict they had sent Achilles Gaillardi a Paduan noted Jesuit the Author of some meditations to represent unto the Pope what good Services they might do his cause if he would permit them to stay in the Venetian Dominions For the Nuncio before his departure from Venice had been very busie with the Jesuits the chief of whom then in the City being Possevino and Bernardin Castorio noted Authors But the Pope understanding the badness of Example if such a famous Order submitted not to his Breve sent them an Express to depart Now the Term of the XXIV days appointed in the Monitorie approaching the Jesuits were required to give their final Resolution who return'd an Express refusal to say Masse which being retorted upon them as a base Equivocation they replyed it was not contrary to their former promise because the Masse for the Excellency of it is not comprehended under the words of Divine Offices The Senate seeing themselves thus abused by these people commanded the Jesuits speedily to depart their Dominions Upon this the Jesuits suddenly collected a great summ of money from their Devoted ones so packing up as fast as they could in the Evening they departed the City each one carrying the Host at his neck intimating that Jesus Christ departed with them as they took Bark the people cryed out against them Go with a vengeance and come no more hither Before their departure they had hid their richest Ornaments burn'd great quantity of writings and there was found in their Colledges a good number of Cruses to melt metals which left some blot upon them though Possevino indeavour'd to vindicate them from any design of gold or silver At their Colledg in Padua were found many Copies of a writing containing XVIII Rules under this Title being drawn up and commanded to be believed by their Founder * vid. Exerâ—icitia Spirituália Ignatius Loyola Regulae aliquot servandae ut cum Orthodoxa Ecclesia vere sentiamus In the Seventh whereof there is a Prescription to take heed how men press or inculcate too much the Grace of God And in the Third it is ordain'd That men must beleeve the Hierarchical Church although it tell us that that is black which our eye judgeth to be white The Senate having thus wisely given an hint of their Resolutions by their dealing with the Jesuits Put forth an Order that all Ecclesiasticks who would not continue Divine Services should retire out of their Dominions Upon this the Capuchins with whom the Nuncio and Jesuits had tamper'd very much resolved also to depart and intended to go according to the Jesuits Instructions to them out in Procession with the Sacrament thereby to stir up the people to Sedition who have most affection to this Order pretending to great poverty Innocency But this solemnity was hindred by Authority So in the morning celebrating one Masie eating up all the Eucharist they concluded the Office without giving Benediction to the people and then departed and so did the Theatins and the reformed Franciscans But it was observed that the Capuchins in the Territories of Brescia and Bergamo where were no Jesuits to seduce them did not depart but remain'd Obedient to their Governours celebrating Divine Service for which honesty and loyalty they were bitterly persecuted by their superiors at Rome with Excommunications and other Censures Now began a fierce dispute amongst them Whether all the Sacraments administred by the Priests that staid contrary to the Interdict were nullities or no Whether it was lawful to adore the Eucharist shewn by such Priests And Whether it was a Mortal or Venial Sin to hear Masse celebrated by such Priests Of these every one judged according to his Interest as is usual in such cases In the mean time the Jesuits by their Instruments did what they could to stir up Sedition in the State and so did other Ecclesiasticks ingaged on the Papal faction but the Senate by their prudence prevented all and being perfectly united amongst themselves kept the people in a true Obedience to them The Quarrel growing dayly greater and greater each party addressed themselves to the respective Princes in Christendom to render their cause chear and legal the Princes desiring and perswading a Reconciliation every one of the Romanists offering to be Mediators The Pope troubled that the Venetians would not stoop to his humour invented another Plot whereby he thought to make some Divisions amongst them And this it was He publish'd a Jubilee whither he invited all Christians granting Indulgences Absolutions and Pardons to all but those of Interdicted places By this Strategem he fancyed that the Venetian people seeing themselves thus deprived of such blessing and graces would disobey the Senate and run into Sedition And the better to carry this on the Jesuits gave notice that though the people were excluded in the general yet they had power from his Holiness to grant it to such of them as would observe the Conditions by them propounded amongst which were these Not to go to Masse Nor to approve the reasons and actions of the Senate But all these plots did the Pope little good Nor did their orher lyes against the Republick as if it had renounced the Roman Religion and become Lutherans or Protestants avail them any thing The Pope seeing the bad event of all these designs sends to Philip III. King of Spain to desire his Assistance The King returns an Answer that he had desired an Accommodation but seeing the Honour of his Holiness concerned he would assist him with his forces which he had also signifyed to his Ministers in Italy This Letter was received at Rome with the greatest joy and Triumph Imaginable the Spaniards vapouring of their meritorious actions to the Pope But others gave different Censures of the Letter some thinking it procured by the Authority of the Duke of Lerma the then great Favourite of Spain who ruled King and all things else But others believed that the design of it was not as it appear'd really for war but thereby to render the Venetians more submiss and tractable for a peace However the Count de Fuentes the Catholick Kings Governour at Milan seemâ—d very forward in Preparations upon which the Venetians thought it not sâ—tting to be behind so that now both parties seem'd running into a War both Pope and Duke drumming up men and making all things ready for Offence and Defence Whilst these preparations went on the better to disorder and weaken the Venetians the Marquis de Santa Croce having received the Papal Benediction by his Nuncio departed from Naples with XXVI Spanish Gallies and at Messina received the addition of XIV more thence secretly sailing along entred the Golf of Venice fell upon Durazzo a City in Albania belonging to the Turks which he sack'd and returned
with Plunder and Prisoners Hoping by this means to incense the Turk so to make him fall out with the Venetians and invade their Territories in Dalmatia But the Turk in this more Religious than the Spaniard understanding the base design scorn'd to break with the Venetian in this juncture but offer'd the Republick his Assistance This wicked design thus failing the Partisans of the Pope went another way to trouble the Republick maintaining in Print that The Marriages made within the Interdicted Territories were invalid the Matrimonial Conjunction Adultery and the Children all Bastards This was a cunning plot to amuse the zealous and simple but the wisdom of the Senate and the reasons of their writers dash'd this to pieces also Though the Roman Inquisition was very furious in their judgments forbidding under pain of Excommunication any of the Venetian Papers or Reasons to be intertain'd or read as Schismatical and Heretical and Cardinal Bellarmine was very active with his Pen against the Senators In the mean time the Ambassadors of France and Spain laboured what they could for a Reconciliation and the Emperour and Grand Duke of Tuscany were not slack in affording their assistance to a peace But the means seem'd difficult for the Pope stood upon his old plea of having the Prisoners deliver'd him and the Decrees Cancel'd And on the Contrary the Duke and Senate resolved not to betray their Temporal Authority and renounce their Decrees though as for the Abbot and Canon at the earnest intreaty of the French they were willing in a Complement to bestow them upon King Henry IV. and let him do with them as pleas'd him best and when the Pope would recall his Censures they were willing to do the same with their Letters or Protestation against them but not before lest they might intimate that they had been in the falt and done amiss Whilst the Treaty is thus earnestly carryed on by several Princes and year 1607 their Ambassadors the Pope erects a New Councel at Rome call'd La Congregation de Guerra or the Congregation of War consisting of XV. Cardinals out of whom he cull'd IV. to be imploy'd with the Treasurer and the Commissaries of the Chamber about the means to provide money and most of these were of the Spanish Faction the better to ingage that King to him if the Tryal of the cause should once be put to the Sword And it was the opinion of many that it could not end without blows for the Pope begins the year with new Levies and the Count de Fuentes who long'd for mischief caus'd the Drums to beat up at Milan for Souldiers sent to Switserland to Naples to Flanders to Germany and other places to raise what Souldiers he could getting Money and Arms from Spain so that he doubted not presently to be at the Head of XXX Thousand men The hopes of these great Preparations animated the Pope so much that in a full Consistory he declared He would have war with the Republick of Venice In the Interim the Venetians were not idle hastning their Preparations as much as in them lay so that in a little while they had got together about LXXX Gallies rais'd many Thousand foot in their own Territories sent to the Cantons to hire more doubted not of Assistance from France was promis'd aid from Great Brittain by Sr. Henry Wotten King James his Ambassador by which means they had hopes from Denmark and Holland and was promis'd supplyes from the Lorreiner whose Son viz. the Count de Vaudemont they hoped would be their General But the Duke of Lorraine being aged so superstitiously fearful of Papal Censures beside having a Son a Cardinal who with the Pope did diswade him would not permit his Son to go or any Levies to be made in his Dominions though young Count de Vandemont was willingenough for the Venetian Whilst Christendom is thus troubled with rumours of warrs and every place busie with great Preparations to fill Europe full of mischief and blood-shed and all about an idle Humour of the Popes The Treaty goeth on apace And though many Embassies and Audiences had been been imploy'd to little purpose yet the French King will try the other pull and so resolves to imploy Cardinal de Joyeuse in this business who being a Churchman might be more acceptable to the Pope yet under the Command of the Instructions might no way lessen the rights of the Republick Thus qualified Joyeuse arrives at Venice where he falls to work vigorously and willing he was to save the Popes Reputation and Credit but after many Hearings and Debates he could get only this Answer from the Senate That the Censures being taken away they would recall what they had done in Opposition to them and send an Ambassador to Rome That for the Decrees they would proceed in the use of them with such Moderation and Piety as they and their Ancestors used to do And that upon a Peace the Ecclesiasticks might return only the Jesuits excepted And with these Answers the Cardinal departs from Rome to see what good he could do there At Rome Cardinal de Joyeuse found the Opinions divided some for a Peace upon any account considering what a great mischief a Rupture might bring upon Christendom others thought it not honourable for the Pope to recede from any thing he had done till he had obtain'd what he desired and made the Republick submit As for the Pope though his greatest hopes lay in the Spaniard yet he could not with reason rely too much on him knowing his Coffers at that time to be empty and if he did him any good he would expect a requital of some Priviledges which would not be convenient for Rome to yeild to besides he doubted to be over-power'd by the Venetians and their numerous Assistance amongst whom would be many of the Reformed Religion which having once got a footing in Italy might in that juncture of time give a blow at the very Papacy These Considerations perswaded or forced the Pope to a Complyance but yet was troubled that he could not come off with Honour seeing the Venetians Answers were resolute and cunningly worded and they would not admit of the Jesuits upon any account whatever and thus to forsake them who had suffer'd for his cause would betray his Baffle to the whole world At last after several Consultations it was agreed on that at Rome Monsieur a' Alincourt the French Ambassador should demand of the Pope in the Name of the Christian King and of the Republique that the Censures might be taken away And also that Cardinal Joyeuse and d'Alincourt should give him their words in the Name of their King that the Decrees should remain without Execution until the Accord might be effected To this last clause the Pope would have had added that It was with the consent of the Republick But this was not yielded to knowing the Venetians would never agree to such an Addition So as much being done at Rome as could be de
when Pope Paul V. dyed he expected all heart-burning to cease but here he found himself mistaken and the Quarrel and Enmity intail'd as it were upon the Pontifick Chair For Gregory XV. succeeding 1621 bare the same ill-will looking upon the Father as the chief-Counsellor nay and Incendiary too of the Venetians insomuch that he told their Ambassador that there would never be a peace between the Republick and the See Apostolick but such an one as Father Paul should approve of The Father informed of this was grieved beyond measure that he should be held a Beautefeu and so rather than any difference should arise about him resolved peaceably to retire himself from his own Country To live amongst the Protestants might expose himself to Calumnies to dwell where the Ecclesiasticks might over-power him or where the Temporality would not trouble it self in his Protection was to expose his Life to Poyson and Stellettoes again Upon this difficulty he determin'd to reside at Constantinople or some of the Eastern Countryes And for this Peregrination he began to make Preparations take advice get safe-conducts c. But being informed that the Pope releas'd much of his displeasure towards him he was the less careful in hastning And now he began to be ancient and feeble and dyed in his Monastery at Venice with great Tranquility and Settlement of mind 1623. in the LXXI year of his Age. The Father was little humble grave but withal chearful of his dyet very sparing insomuch that every day with him was almost a Fast he was merciful and good to his greatest Enemies begging Pardon for those who designed his death His Learning got him renown every where being good for the Oriental Languages besides Greek Latin and other Europaean was famous for his skill in Mathematicks Physick Anatomy Chymistry Astronomy in all which he was a dayly Practitioner and Discoverer of many Excellent Rarities Insomuch that the chiefest Artests thought themselves happy in his advice and acquaintance And make honourable mention of him He had also carefully perused all the ancient Philosophers out of whom he had collected their different Opinions For Politicks he was held not only the greatest but the most honest Statesman in his time admirable vers'd in the Laws knowing in all Histories and his skill in Geography made the world his own Divinity was his calling and what an excellent man he was at his Pen may appear by his divers writings many of which are not yet publish'd but some remain as Rarities lockt up in the Cabinets of Princes whilst others lurk as Secrets in the Archives of the wise Venetian Councel But a Specimen of his great Abilities may be gather'd from his History of the Councel of Trent where he was pleas'd to vail himself under the Title of Pietro Soave Polana Which by an Anagrammatism makes the Fathers Name Sirname and Country thus Paolo Sarpio Veneto his Fathers name being Francisco di Pietro Sarpio There is also abroad of his A History of the Inquisition a History of the Quarrels between Pope Paul V. and the Venetians and several other things in justification of his Country in those Troublâ—s which with his other writings and Commendations of him have faln under the lash of their * vid. Ind. lib. Prohibit edit Alexand. VII pag. 98. 222. 226. 227. 272 Index Expurgatorius The Court of Rome whilst he lived carryed the greatest bitterness against him dayly writing Lybels and Invectives against him stufft up with Lyes and Forgeries insomuch that Bellarmine though his Pen was ingaged against the Father in the Venetian Quarrel told the Pope that such notorious Falsities and Calumnies would bring more Scandal than Credit to his Cause Amongst the rest of his Enemies was Maffeo Barbarini Nuncio in France at the time of the Quarrel and afterwards Pope Vrban VIII who in his Aiery and Romantick humour rais'd and invented many unworthy Stories of the Father far unbefitting a Person of his Place and Dignity Nay so implacable were the Roman Favourites that their Slaunders and Malice followed him to his Grave publishing impudent and fabulous Stories concerning his death of his dying Howling of strange Apparitions of Black Dogs of Terrible Noises heard in his Cell and Chambers and several such like lying Forgeries as those idle people used to invent upon Luther Calvin and others who will not truckle to the Usurpations of the Roman Court But the people of Venice who knew him better accounted him a Saint hanging up their Votive Tablets at his * Spond an 1623. § 13. Rob Johnston Rerum Brit. Hist lib. 20. an 1623. p. 638. Sepulchre till the Senate to satisfie Pope Vrban VIII forbad such Ceremonies to be used to his Monument And so much by the bie of the Learned and Judicious Father Paolo Sarpi Here might I treat of some further troubles endeavour'd to be stirr'd up by Vrban VIII who in affront to the Republick caus'd an Ancient Inscription which had been set up in the Sala Regia in the Vatican as a Monument of the Venetian honour for restoring Alexander III. when chas'd by the Emperor Frederick I. to be defaced and razed out He also excommunicated the Luqueses the Grand Duke of Tuscany the Duke of Parma and of Modena and to maintain his Censures fell to 1642 1644 the Temporal Sword But Parma flew about like Lightning with 3000. Horse that his Holiness and Cardinals thought it safest to retire to the Castle S. Angelo At last by the Intercession of the French a Peace is concluded the Censures are taken off the ingaged Princes have their Temporal Authority confirm'd by the Peace And the Ancient Inscription in Honour and Gratitude to the Venetian is to be renew'd and inscribed in a larger Table and set up in the Vatican as formerly Here the Pope gain'd nothing by fomenting Troubles And in truth the Papal Authority by the late Venetian Quarrel received a deadly blow Princes thereby beginning to see their own power and Jurisdiction have the less esteem for that pretended or usurped by the Pope and may in time acknowledg themselves Supream within their own Dominions CHAP. II. Henry the Fourth murdred by Ravaillac I Have formerly related divers attempts of the Romanists to take away the Authority and Life of Henry IV. of France which Catalogue Hist de la Paix fol. 142. 143. c. Laur. Bouchel Hist de la justice Crim Tit. 4 ch 22. I might augment with the wickedness of four Piedmonters of a Lorrain Lacquey of one Pedefer of one Nicolle Mignon a woman poor and wicked who designed his murther And to these I might add the attempt of one Jean de L'Isle who as the King was returning from hunting upon Pont-neusi in Paris by taking hold of his Cloak would have pull'd him off his Horse and endeavour'd to assassinate him with St. Lazare Hist Tragiques p. 68. Hard. de Perefixe Hist Hen. le Grand his Dagger But the King was graciously pleas'd to pardon him
Tyranny and Ingratitude both to your Followers and Country are inexcusable and intolerable You separated your self from the Vnity of Christs mystical body the Catholick Church You know the sword of Extirpation hangeth over your head as well as ours if things fall out otherwise then well You are the Cause why all the Nobility of the South from the East part to the West you being linked into each one of them either in Affinity or Consanguinity are not linked together to shake off the Cruel Yoak of Heresie and Tyranny with which our Souls and Bodies are opprest All those aforesaid depending of your resolution and relying to your judgment in this Common Cause of our Religion and Country you might forsooth with their help and the rest that are combined in this holy Action not 〈◊〉 defend your self from the Incursion and Invasion of the English but also by Gods Assistance who miraculously and above all expectation gave good success to the cause principally undertaken for his Glory exaltation of Religion next for the restauration of the ruins and preservation of the Commonwealth expell them and deliver them and us from most miserable and cruel Exaction and Subjection enjoy your Religion safety of Wife and Children Life Lands and Goods which all are in hazard through your folly and want of due Consideration Enter I beseech you into the Closet of your Conscience and like a wiseman weigh seriously the end of your actions and take advice of those that can instruct you and inform you better than your own private judgment can lead you unto Consider and read with attention and setled mind this Discourse Isend you that it may please God to set open your eyes and grant you a better mind From the Camp this instant Tuesday the sixt of March according to the New Computation I pray you send me the Papers Isend you assoon as your Honour shall read the same O Neale The Lord Barry answered him Nobly and Loyally upon which they fell upon his Lands and Vassals doing what mischief they were capable of acting And the better to credit their wicked cause the chief of them wrote a Letter to Pope Clement VIII slandering the Queen and her Government and so desired the Pope to send out a Bull or Excommunication and deprivation against her as Pius V. and Gregory XIII had done before The Paper it self runs thus Sanctissime Pater CUm superioribus annis Dei summi nutu et voluntate excitati ad recuperandum hoc Regnum ab Anglorum gravissimo jugo qui et Religionem et Regionem vi et Tyrannide multis seculis occupavere id nunc tandem post multa pericula extant lata pro majore parte excussimus sanctitati Vestrae exponimus quod prima nobis et praecipua fuit cura perpetuoque erit statum Ecclesiae hic fere extinctum in integrum restituere et collapsum redintegrare ita apud nos judicantes nostrarum partium esse vitam ipsam omnemque substantiam nostram in eo augendo impendere id quod libentiori animo praestare conamur ut non dicamus cogimur quia nisi tempestive communi malo in utroque statu occurserimus nobiscum deterius longe actum fuisset quam Turcae solent agere cum sibi subditis Christianis adeo ut vel fuga esset consolend vel hic mors obeunda Rebus itaque in angustias has redactis ad quem majore spe jureque accedere cujusque opem implorare possumus ac debemus quam ad Te Pater Spirituum in Terris ut filiis spiritualibus misere adhuc afflictis jugoque longe graviore crudeliore quam Pharaonico attritis adsis Quod nos speramus a pietate tua consecuturos exemplo omnium afflictorum qui ad Sedem tuam in talibus aerumnis accedentes opem atque desideratiorem exitum fuerunt consecuti Ad Te igitur communem omnium afflictorum praesertim fidei causa laborantium pium benevolum Patrem tanquam ad unicum nostrum Refugium tutissimum Asylum consugimus fusisque lachrimis humiliter petimus ut nostros gemitus audiat vota suscipiâ—t ac postulatus concedat ut eorum ora obstruantur franganturque vires qui oderunt Sion ac impediunt diruta Jerusalem denuo reaedificari moenia ubi fi nobis credere dignetur tua Sanctitas nunquam Antecessores nostri ex tempore quo Regnum hoc in manus Anglorum devenerat adjutores fuerant quam nos sumus ad fidem a nostro Apostolo Sancto Patricio traditam suscipiendam ad eamque proh dolor in his partibus fere extinctam hactenus pene sepultam excusso jam pro parte Anglorum jugo exsuscitandam promovendam augendam amplificandam quia nihil aliud in his votis habemus quam videre Dei gloriam et fidei Orthodoxae propugnationem Annuere itaque dignetur vestra Sanctitas nostris Petitionibus qui pretis honoribus commodis quibuscunque diem ulteriorem vivere non desideramus quam videre Dei Ecclesiam toto Orbe florentem Petimus autem imprimis ut ad majora fide incrementa illis sedibus vacantibus in hoc Regno ii qui vita moribus literatura praeficiantur quosque nobiscum Reverendissimus Corcagensis ac Cloanensis Episcopius nominavit ac commendavit tanquam Idonei Pastores ad Dei gregem verbo exemplo instruendum ne indignis qui sine Ordine fortasse summa cum Authoritate Ambitione sese animarum curae nisi ingererent nisi occurreretur aditus pateat Quod ut petamus movemur propter summam animarum jacturam quam ob Pastorum paucitatem in utraque Monioniae Provincia qui undecem Episcopatus sub Metropoli Cassilensi complectitur excipimus enim Reverend Corcagen Claoneum qui senio labore jam pene est confectus nostri potiuntur hoc eo confidentius petimus qui quod electi consecrati ad nos dimissi fuerunt a vestra Sacro sancta sede ad vacuas hiis in partibus sedes occupandas a nobis pro viribus iisdem Dei gratia defendantur ut gregibus sibi commissis tuto invigilare queant Insuper desideramus ut quemadmodum felicis Recordationis Pius Quintus Pont. Max. contra Reginam Angliae ejusque fautores Bullam Excommunicationis ediderat Nec non Gregorius XIII eandem continuaverat ac vim habere in bello Giraldinarum indicavit similem quoque sententiam ad hoc bellum promovendum ad felicem exitum deducendum Sanctitas vestra emittere dignetur ac generatim Sanctitati vestrae affectu quo possumus maximo Regnum hoc vestrum a te solo post Deum dependens nosque humiles tuos subditos una cum Procuratoribus praesentium latoribus quos pro nobis nostro nomine deputamus quique fuse veraciter omnia quae in hoc bello gessimus adjuti eorum opera doctrina viva voce aperient plenius Deprecantes ut sancta vestra indubiam illis fidem
power to absolve me of this Oath or any part thereof Which I acknowledg by good and full Authority to be lawfully ministred unto me And do renounce all Pardons and Dispensations to the contrary And all these things I do plainly and sincerely acknowledg and swear according by these express words by me spoken and according to the plain and common sense and understanding of the same words without any equivocation or mental evasion or secret reservation whatsoever And I do make this Recognition and Acknowledgment heartily willingly and truly upon the true Faith of a Christian So help me God A. B. Unto which Oath so taken the said person shall subscribe his or her Name or Mark. King James doubted not but that all honest and good Subjects would Apol. for the Oath of Allegiance pag. 49 50 51. submit to this Oath Because as he said that he that shall refuse to take this Oath must of necessity â—old all or some of these Propositions following I. That I King James am not the lawful King of this Kingdom and of all other my Dominions II. That the Pope by his own Authority may depose me if not by his own Authority yet by some other Authority of the Church or of the See of Rome If not by some other Authority of the Church and See of Rome yet by other means with others help he may Depose me III. That the Pope may dispose of my Kingdoms and Dominions IV. That the Pope may give Authority to some Forreign Prince to invade my Dominions V. That the Pope may discharge my Subjects of their Allegiance and Obedience to me VI. That the Pope may give license to one or more of my Subjects to bear Arms against me VII That the Pope may give leave to my Subjects to offer violence to my Person or to my Government or to some of my Subjects VIII That if the Pope shall by Sentence excommunicate or depose me my Subjects are not to bear Faith and Allegiance to me IX If the Pope shall by Sentence Excommunicate or Depose me my Subjects are not bound to defend with all their power my Person and Crown X. If the Pope shall give out any Sentence of Excommunication or Deprivation against me my Subjects by reason of that Sentence are not bound to reveal all Conspiracies and Treasons against me which shall come to their hearing and knowledg XI That it is not Heretical and Diabolical to hold That Prinees being Excommunicated by the Pope may be either Deposed or Killed by their Subjects or any other XII That the Pope hath Power to absolve my Subjects from this Oath or from some part thereof XIII That this Oath is not administred to my Subjects by a full and lawful Authority XIV That this Oath is to be taken with Equivocation Mental Evasion or secret Reservation and not with the Heart and good will sincerely in the true Faith of a Christian man Now whether there was just cause for drawing up and imposing of such an Oath King James can tell you best himself And first that the Romanists had no reason to contrive his ruin he declares at large in these words But now having sacrificed if I may so say to the Manes of my late Apol. for the Oath of Allegiance pag. 18 19 20. Predecessor Q. Elizabeth whose Government and Moderation he vindicates I may next with St. Paul justly vindicate my own Fame from those innumerable Calumnies spread against me in testifying the truth of my Behaviour toward the Papists Wherein I may truly affirm That whatsoever was her just and merciful Government over the Papists in her time my Government over them since hath so far exceeded hers in Mercy and Clemency as not only the Papists themselves grew to that height of pride in confidence of my mildness as they did directly expect and assuredly promise to themselves Liberty of Conscience and equality with others of my Subjects in all things but even a number of the best and faithfullest of my said Subjects were cast in great fear and amazement of my Course and Proceedings ever prognosticating and justly suspecting that sowr fruit to come of it which shew'd it self clearly in the Powder-Treason How many did I honour with Knighthood of known and open Recusants How indifferently did I give Audience and Access to both sides bestowing equally all Favours and Honours on both Professions How free and continual Access had all Ranks and Degrees of Papists in my Court and Company And above all How frankly and freely did I free Recusants of their ordinary Payments Besides it is evident what strait Order was given out of my own mouth to the Judg to spare the execution of all Priests notwithstanding their conviction joining thereunto a gracious Proclamation whereby all Priests that were at liberty and not taken might go out of the Countrey by such a day my General Pardon having been extended to all Convicted Priests in Prison whereupon they were set at liberty as good Subjects and all Priests that were taken after sent over and set at liberty there But time and paper will fail me to make enumeration of all the benefits and favours that I bestowed in general and particular upon Papists in recounting whereof every scrape of my Pen would serve but for a blot of the Pope's Ingratitude and Injustice in meteing me with so hard a measure for the same Yet for all these Favours His Majesty in another place tells us That The never-enough wondred at and abhorred POWDER-TREASON Monitory Preface to all Christian Monarchs p. 6 7 8 9. though the Repetition thereef grieveth I know the gentle-hearted Jesuit * His Majesty alludes to Parsons Letter against his Book call'd The judgment of a Catholick English man p. 6. §. 10. Parsons This Treason I say being not only intended against me and my Posterity but even against the whole House of Parliament plotted only by Papists and they only led thereto by a preposterous zeal for the advancement of their Religion some of them continuing so obstinate that even at their death they would not acknowledg their Fault but in their last words immediately before the expiring of their breath refused to condemn themselves and crave Pardon for their Deed except the Romish Church should first condemn it And soon after it being discovered that a great number of my Popish Subjects of all Ranks and Sexes both Men and Women as well within as without the Countrey had a confused Notion and an obscure Knowledg that some great thing was to be done in that Parliament for the Weal of the Church although for Secrecy's cause they were not acquainted with the Particulars certain Forms of Prayer having likewise been set down and used for the good success of that Great Errand Adding hereunto That divers times and from divers Priests the Arch-Traytors themselves received the Sacrament for confirmation of their Heart and observation of Secresie Some of the principal Jesuits likewise being found
229 His body denyed burial 229 230 Henrician Heresie what 230 Henry V Emperour kisseth the Popes Toe ibid. Henry VI Emperour how Crown'd 262 Henry VII Emperour his death 301 302 Henry Son to John d'Albret King of Navar Excommunicated and declared Deprived by Pope Leo X 346 Henry King of Navar protests against the Declaration and Excommunication of Pope Sixtus V 512 513 Hen. VIII King of England Supreme Head of the Church declar'd deprived of his Dominions 399 400 401 402 c. Paul III ' s Bull against him 404 405 Rebellions in the North against him 406 His Apology undertook by William Thomas 407 Hen. III K. of France his troubles from the Leaguers Book the 8th He steals privately out of Paris 524 Submits to the D. of Guise 525 Closes in with the King of Navar 540 His Name dash'd out of all Prayer books ibid. A Monitory Bull sent out against him by Sixtus V 540 541 542 543 Is murdred by Fryar Clem. 547 The Action rejoyced at and vindicated by the Covenanters 548 and the Chieftains of Rome 549 550 551 c. Henry IV King of France his troubles lib. 8. cap. 7. Declared Heretick and deprived of his Dominions by Gregory XIV 577 Murdred by Ravaillac 640 to 648 Hildebrand vid. Gregory VII Hugonots the Grandees of them massacred in one day 416 The action commended and applauded publickly 416 417 Hungary bloudy actions there 308 Ors Hypato Duke of Venice slain 183 I JAmes VI K of Scotland plots against him by the Romanists 366 367 368 369 370 c. Designes against his taking the Crown of England 676 677 678 Imposes the Oath of Allegiance defends it 709 710 711 c. Jesuits foolish stories of their Founder and Order 5 6 They have two Consciences 45 Jesus Christ childish stories of him 16 c. 29 Marryed to several 16 22 Not so much worship'd as were others 17 Ignatius Loyola his lying stories 5 6 Images troubles about them 163 164 Ingratitude 229 The Spanish Invasion 451 to 459 The Spanish Royal Standard blest 453 454 Joane Pope 180 John King of England his troubles 274 Joh. K. of Navar deprived 343 344 Ireland troubles there against Q. Elizabeth 384 385 386 387 to 397 Articles between Francis I K. of France the Earl of Desmond for the conquering it 385 386 A Rebellion raised there by Tir-Oen 648 649 The Irish send a slanderous Letter to the Pope against Queen Elizabeth 649 They are thanked for their Rebellion by the Pope 651 Defended by the Divines of Salamanca and Valladolid 667 668 c. Irene murthers her son Constantine 169 Donna Isabella Sister to Hen. IV K. of Castile invited to accept the Government refuses declared Princess of the Asturias and lawful Heir to the Kingdom of Castile and Leon 341 Succeeds in the Kingdom 342 Julio II Pope deprives John d'Albret K. of Navar and gives his Kingdom and Dominions to Ferdinand II K. of Arragon 344 Of a Warlike disposition 347 348 Interdicts Lewis XII absolves his Subjects gives his Kingdom to any that will take it takes away the Title of MOST CHRISTIAN from the French and confers it on the King of England ibid. the first Pope that wore a long beard 350 Holy Junta of Spain against Charles V 357 358 361 c. Justinian II Emperor of Constantinople his troubles 161 162 His Nose 162 K Kennith III King of Scotland murder'd 211 Kings are but Asses 38 Must kiss the Popes Feet ibid. Lead the Popes Horse ibid. Hold his Stirrop ibid. Carry up water for the Popes hands ibid. Carry up his meat ibid. Carry the Pope on their shoulders ibid. May be deposed by the Pope 41 42 c. May be deposed by Bishops though poor 53 Compar'd to Asses 38 to Dogs 43 May be deposed by their Subjects 86 87 c. May be kill'd by their Subjects 95 96 c. For how many Causes Kings may be depos'd 107 108 c. Their murder defended by a B. D. of the Sorbonne 503 L Lambert Emperour slain 190 Holy League and Covenant in France the introduction to it 483 484 485 486 to 494 The Articles of the Holy League 494 495 496 497 The Leaguers sollicite their cause at Rome with Pope Gregory XIII 506 Their Declaration drawn up in the name of Cardinal Bourbon whom they call first Prince of the Bloud 507 508 Their Council of Sixteen at Paris vid. Paris Some Preachers set on work by them to bespatter the King and his actions 518 519 Their insolences against King Henry III after the death of the Guises 529 534 Their Holy Vnion 535 They send Messengers to the Pope with private instructions to act 536 Card. Bourbon declared King by the Leaguers 562 563 c. Leo III Emperour troubled about images 163 264 L. Lessius bad Principles 74 75 Lewis le Debonnaire Emperour depos'd 170 171 c. 177 Lewis IV his eyespull'd out 189 Lewis VII of France Interdicted 254 Lewis IV Emperour his troubles 303 304 Lewis XII of France Interdicted 347 Calls a Council at Pisa to depose Pope Julio 349 Roderigo Lopez his treasons against Queen Elizabeth 461 462 463 Designes to poyson her ibid. Loretto's Chappel and flying story 23 Luidolph his humble submission 194 Those of Lyons joyn with the Leaguers 537 Their Declaration ibid. The form of their Oath 533 M THe Office of Majordom Maire du Palais first set up by Clotaire the I 165 One Landregesile first chosen to that Office ibid. Ebroin the first that advanc'd that Office ibid. Malcolme King of Scotland murdred 208 Malcolme II King of Scotland murdred 214 Gregory Martin's Pamphlet against Queen Elizabeth 437 Virgin Mary abused with lying stories 4 5 7 8 c. 21 29 Her kissing and marrying 8 9 Her kindness to whores 9 Equal to Christ himself 11 12 Her bloud better then Christs bloud 13 How hurried into Heaven 14 We must bow at the Name of the Virgin Mary 40 Queen Mary of England in her 5 years Raign put above 260 to death for Religion 418 Mauritius Emp. murther'd 153 c. The D. of Mayenne goes to Paris is made Head of the Leaguers 538 539 Refuses peace is proclaimed Traitor all his adherents 539 Medici the wicked designs of the Pope upon that Family 331 Giuliano murdred by Bandini de Pazzi 332 Lorenzo wounded but escapes ibid. Michael Emperour of Constantinople murdred 182 Miracles lying and forged 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 c. 21 22 23 24 25 c. 134 135 184 199 207 247 266 Monegario Duke of Venice his eyes put out 183 Cardinal Montalto his Letter to the General Council of the holy Vnion about the murther of Hen. III 549 550 551 c. N NAples its troubles 330 John Nichols an account of him 434 O OAths of Allegiance 60 Endeavour'd to be in France 57 58 59 Opposed in England 73 74 75 76 77 First framed 709 710 The Pope sends out two Breves against the taking
ridiculous shadow without life or soul but as it received a being from Rome But leaving these we might tell you how a little after the English had got the Whim of a conditional Covenant and which is as bad Perjury For though they had sworn Allegiance to Maude Speed § 1 4 30. the Empress yet her they reject and swear a broken conditional subjection to Stephen Yet when they saw him a little downward then they cast him off and play the same conditional knack to the Empress Maude Sect. 2. The troubles of England by the arrogancie and obstinacie of Thomas à Becket against his Soveraign King Henry the Second HOwever waving these though treasonable enough we shall come to the next viz. King Henry the Second of part of whose Reign it will not be amiss to give some hints seeing so great a man as Thomas Becket is concerned in it whom some call Saint and Martyr whilst others allow him no better title than a Traytor But of this with all brevity This Thomas Becket was Son to one Gilbert Becket a Citizen of London and by the favour of Theobald Archbishop of Canterbury was made an Archdeacon in that See and was placed about the person of Henry then but Duke who coming to be King advanced him to be Lord High Chancellor of England and upon the death of the former Theobald made him Archbishop of Canterbury Having thus seen the great rise of Thomas by the Kings love grace and favour let 's now see how he lost the affection of King Henry For some time he thus lived in great repute with the King though Henry was a little troubled at the humour or design of Thomas to throw up his Chancellorship without acquainting him with it After this the Pope call'd a Council at Tours whither went the two Archbishops and several Bishops of England having first procured the Kings a Per missione Regis Matt. Paris an 1164 leave for going thither Where an ancient b Guil. Neubrig lib. 2. c. 16. Historian tells us that Thomas privately surrendred up his Archbishoprick to the Pope as if the Kings Nomination or Investiture had not been sufficient which was restored again by the Pope and so Thomas was cocksure of both Presentations and Authorities And probably this underhand-dealing and nulling of his jurisdiction might somewhat alienate the affection of Henry although c Baronius d An. 1163. § 29. will not allow of any such surrender at this time though for his dissent we must not be content onely with his word neither producing Reason or Authority for his so doing since 't is probable enough being thus back'd with the Testimony of Neubrigensis that Thomas might yeild it up now in his Prosperity for a farther confirmation and in his low condition do it also to procure pity and so make his party there the stronger against his King and Soveraign which was then his main design Add to these the strange Priviledges the Clergy boasted of by exempting themselves from all secular jurisdiction were the crime never so villanous insomuch that a Priest of the Diocess of Sarum having murder'd one Thomas had him deprived and placed in an Abbey that so he might not fall under greater punishment according to his desert by the Kings Justiciaries lest forsooth he should suffer twice for one fault And upon this last pretended Priviledge may we lay the Foundation of the following troubles For the King perceiving no signs of Peace and Tranquillity amongst his Subjects if this exception of the Clergy was permitted the people of that Coat having committed above an hundred Murthers in the short time he had yet Reigned was resolved that all the Clergy who were taken in any Robbery Murder Felony burning of Houses and the like should be tryed in Temporal Courts and suffer as well as Laymen Against this wholesome Law the Archbishop opposeth himself and will onely grant that Speed § 14. all Clergy-men so offending should be tryed in the Spiritual Courts and by men in Orders who if they were found guilty should for the first time onely be deprived of their Office and Benefice yet he granted that for the second time they might lye at the Kings pleasure as some think though d Baron an 1163. § 31. others confess that he would not allow them at any time to be delivered over to the Temporal Authority And for these irrational Priviledges Thomas was so resolute that at Westminster he openly opposed the King and got others to do so too which mightily incensed his Majesty but pleased Pope Alexander the Third to the purpose yet fearing their hearts might fail them he sends his incouraging lines into England commanding them by vertue of their obedience to stand firm for the Exemption of the Clergy nor at all to consent to the King and that if he or Baron an 1163. § 39 40. any of the rest had in these times promised obedience to the King not to keep such promises but all this did not much prevail For the King was resolved to have the Laws and Customs of his Ancestors kept up in full force and carryed his business so well that at last he had not onely the other Bishops of his opinion but Thomas also consenting who faithfully promised and sware to observe them And for their farther ratification and authority the King calls an Assembly at Clarendon in Wiltshire where the Bishops and Nobility meet him and John of Oxford sat as President But here Thomas for all his former promise at first absolutely falls off and denyeth consent to the Constitutions though at last he was so far worked upon one way or another that he there publickly sware that in the word of a Priest and sincerely he would observe them to the King and his Heirs for ever But when the King would have him to Subscribe and Seal to them as the other Bishops had done he absolutely refused and retracted what he had formerly sworn The Constitutions in all were sixteen but those which Thomas opposed were such as these That Priests guilty of Felony Murther c. should be tryed before the Secular Judges That it should not be lawful for any Archbishop or Bishops to depart the Kingdom and go to the Pope upon his summons without the Kings License That no Bishops should Excommunicate any holding of the King in Capite or put any other of his Officers under interdict without the Kings License or information to the Judge That if the Archdeacon cannot decide the Controversie they may go to the Bishop and from him to the Archbishop and lastly â—â— the King so that none shall appeal to the Pope of Rome for any cause whatsoever without the Kings License c. These and suchlike were approved of at Clarendon by all onely Thomas excepted who thought himself to have sinn'd so grievously for the former consenting to them that by way of Penance he suspended himself from his Priestly Function but
the Pope presently a Matt. Paris anno 1164. restored him to that and absolved him The King we may suppose was more and more incensed against Thomas for his obstinacie and for to close up all a Parliament was held at Northampton where Thomas was to appear though he had indeavoured to flee beyond Seas but being beat back by cross windes he conceal'd that purpose and looked as if he had intended no such thing All being met at Northampton Thomas is accused of several things and whilst they are consulting concerning him he caused to be sung before him at the Altar The Princes sit and speak against me and the ungodly persecute me c. Thus would he have the Office for St. Stephen though it was not then his day and against the Custom he wore the Pall. This being finished he took up his Silver Crosier in his hands an action not heard of before as they say and so enters into the Court though several of his well-wishers perswaded him from such a defying posture as if thereby he carryed his Protection Exemption or Appeal The Bishops advised him to submit but he refusing they adjudged him guilty of a Aliquando noster fuisti Archiepiscopus tenebamur tibi obedire sed quia Domino Regi fidelitarem jurasti hoc est vitam membra terrenam dignitatem sibi perte fore salvam consuetudines quas ipse repetit conservandas tu eas interis destruere praecipue cum spectent ad terrenam suam dignitatem honorem idcirco te reum perjuâ—iis dicimus perjuto Archiepiscopo dâ—caetero non habemus obedire Bar. § 29. Perjury which they declared to him by Hilarius Bishop of Chichester and so disclaimed from that time forward all obedience to him as a perjured man The Nobility also pronounce him a Traytor but he slighting them all as no competent Judges over him holding up his Crosier appeal'd to the Pope of Rome and so withdrawing himself with what speed and secresie he could he wafted himself over into Flanders and so to go to the Pope to whom he resigned his Archbishoprick but had it presently confirmed to him again Thus was Thomas caress'd by the Pope and King of France let the King perswade what he will to the contrary yet the King thought it was good policie and security to shew his disdain and resolution against him and his Whereupon he Orders the Sheriffs and Judges of England to seise upon all those who appeal'd to the Pope or Matt. Paris an 1164. Thomas with the neer Relations of all such men as were with Thomas had also Thomas's Revenues seis'd upon and the livings of those who went with him sequester'd and St. Peters Pence to be gather'd but not pay'd to the Pope till farther Order However there were some means used towards a settlement to which purpose Messengers were sent to and fro between the King and Pope and at last a meeting agreed on between them the better to decide the business But this design was spoil'd by Thomas who perswaded the Pope to have a care of the Kings cunning and not to treat with him unless he were also present intimating Baron anno 1165. § 10. to â—â—e Pope as if the King were a jugler or dissembler Thus did Thomas gain so much upon the Pope that this meeting vanished the Pope over-perswaded not to treat but in the presence of Thomas though against the former Agreement And so Henry was resolved not to confer any thing with the Pope in the presence or competition of Thomas his Subject This meeting or half-agreement thus broke off not long after Thomas writes to the King beginning Expecting we have expected Baron anno 1166. § 45. that the Lord would look upon you and that being converted you would do penance departing from your perverse ways And then tells him how Bishops used to Excommunicate Kings and also writes to the Bishops of England commanding them to issue out Censures against those who hinder Appeals to the Pope c. absolves Id. § 54. all from the Oaths they made to keep any contrary Constitution And to carry up Thomas against all opposition and to make his Authority more glorious and formidable to his Enemies the Pope creates him Legat in England Alexander servus servorum Anno 1167. Bar. § 21. Dei Dilecto fratri Tho. Archiepiscopo Cant. salutem Apostol Benedictionem Sacro-Sancta Rom. Eccles digniores personas eas maxime quas honestate prudentia literatura eminentia virtutum praefulgere cognoscit ampliori consuevit charitate amplecti gloria honore praevenire Inde est quod nos tibi Legationem totius Angliae excepto Episcopatu Eboracensi benigno favore concedimus ut ibi vice nostra corrigas quae inveniri corrigenda ad honorem Dei Sacrosanctae Romana Ecclesiae salutem animorum statuas aedifices plantes quae statuenda fuerint plantanda Dat. Anagniae Alexander servant of the servants of God to our beloved Brother Thomas Archbishop of Canterbury greeting and Apostolical Benediction The most Holy Church of Rome always used to embrace with great chariry and prefer in glory and honour persons of eminent worth and them especially whom she knoweth to be most famous for honesty wisdom learning and excellencie of vertues This is the cause that with Our loving favour We grant and bestow on you the Legantine Authority over all England excepting onely the Archbishop of York to the end that within your jurisdiction in Our place and authority you correct what you finde worthy amendment and that to the honour of God the holy Church of Rome and for the salvation of Souls you do constitute build and plant whatsoever is to be setled and planted Given at Anagni Being thus rais'd above himself countenanced and upheld against all opposition he hurries into England to the Bishops a threatning Letter against the King and the Constitutions confirm'd at Clarendon telling the Bishops That We have too long and too much forborn the King of England Baron § 26. nor hath the Church of God gain'd any benefit by this Our induring It seemeth dangerous and intollerable for us to leave any longer unpunished as hitherto We have done so great excesses of Him and his Officers against the Church of God and Ecclesiastical persons especially since We have very often endeavoured by Messengers Letters and all manner of means as became Vs to recal him from his perverse purpose Because therefore he will hardly afford Vs the hearing much less attentively listen unto Vs We have with Invocation of the Grace of the holy Ghost publickly condemned and declared as void that Deed of Writing with the Authority of that Indenture wherein are contain'd not the Customs but rather the wicked divices whereby the Church of England is disturb'd and confounded And have hereby also Excommunicated all the Observers Exactors Counsellors Assistants and Defenders of the same And do