matter_n pass_v and_o evident_o see_v the_o supreme_a authority_n of_o the_o bishop_n of_o rome_n in_o those_o day_n it_o be_v to_o be_v consider_v that_o there_o have_v be_v from_o the_o time_n of_o the_o apostle_n a_o different_a manner_n of_o keep_v easter_n in_o the_o church_n of_o rome_n and_o the_o church_n of_o the_o lesser_a asia_n the_o roman_n keep_v it_o always_o upon_o the_o sunday_n according_a to_o the_o tradition_n of_o the_o apostle_n s._n peter_n and_o saint_n paul_n &_o they_o of_o asia_n observe_v the_o time_n and_o custom_n of_o the_o jew_n pretend_v the_o example_n and_o tradition_n of_o s._n john_n the_o evangelist_n pius_n the_o first_o of_o that_o name_n bishop_n of_o rome_n desyre_v to_o reduce_v all_o the_o church_n to_o uniformity_n make_v a_o decree_n that_o the_o feast_n of_o easter_n shall_v be_v celebrate_v only_o upon_o sunday_n but_o for_o that_o the_o church_n of_o asia_n make_v great_a difficulty_n to_o leave_v their_o tradition_n as_o well_o pius_n as_o anicetus_n soter_n and_o eleutherius_fw-la forbear_v 24._o for_o peace_n and_o quietness_n sake_n to_o compel_v they_o by_o ecclesiastical_a censure_n to_o the_o observation_n thereof_o but_o afterward_o victor_n who_o succeed_v eleutherius_fw-la note_v that_o not_o only_o those_o which_o incline_v to_o keep_v the_o ceremony_n of_o the_o old_a law_n be_v much_o confirm_v thereby_o in_o their_o opinion_n but_o also_o some_o in_o rome_n namely_o one_o blastus_n seek_v to_o introduce_v that_o custom_n there_o 14._o and_o judaysme_n withal_o cawled_a a_o council_n of_o the_o bishop_n of_o italy_n near_o adjoin_v and_o not_o only_o cause_v other_o counsel_n to_o be_v assemble_v in_o france_n but_o also_o direct_v his_o commandment_n to_o the_o bishop_n of_o the_o east_n to_o do_v the_o like_a namely_o to_o theophilus_n bishop_n of_o caesarea_n as_o that_o s._n bede_n report_v in_o these_o word_n victor_n the_o pope_n bishop_n of_o the_o city_n of_o rome_n dixerit_fw-la authoritatem_fw-la vernali_fw-la that_o be_v to_o say_v direct_v a_o commandment_n to_o theophilus_n bishop_n of_o caesarea_n and_o palaestina_n that_o it_o shall_v be_v determine_v how_o the_o easter_n shall_v be_v celebrate_v there_o where_o our_o lord_n the_o saviour_n of_o the_o world_n converse_v therefore_o perceptae_fw-la qutoritate_fw-la the_o authority_n or_o commandment_n be_v receive_v theophilus_n assemble_v bishop_n not_o only_o out_o of_o his_o own_o province_n but_o also_o out_o of_o diverse_a other_o country_n and_o when_o they_o be_v come_v together_o in_o great_a number_n theophilus_n protulit_fw-la autoritatem_fw-la ad_fw-la se_fw-la missam_fw-la papae_fw-la victoris_fw-la theophilus_n show_v the_o authority_n or_o commandment_n that_o pope_n victor_n have_v send_v he_o &_o declare_v quid_fw-la sibi_fw-la operis_fw-la fuisset_fw-la iniunctum_fw-la what_o be_v enjoin_v he_o to_o do_v etc._n etc._n herein_o by_o the_o way_n i_o wish_v to_o be_v note_v how_o the_o bishop_n of_o rome_n in_o those_o day_n that_o be_v to_o say_v in_o the_o time_n of_o lucius_n exercise_v his_o authority_n in_o call_v of_o counsel_n both_o of_o the_o bishop_n of_o the_o latin_a or_o west_n church_n &_o also_o of_o the_o east_n see_v theophilus_n bishop_n of_o palaestina_n assemble_v the_o prelate_n not_o only_o of_o his_o own_o province_n but_o also_o of_o diverse_a other_o by_o virtue_n of_o the_o commission_n give_v he_o by_o pope_n victor_n but_o to_o proceed_v it_o be_v determine_v by_o all_o those_o counsel_n that_o the_o feast_n of_o easter_n shall_v be_v keep_v on_o the_o sunday_n according_a to_o the_o custom_n of_o the_o roman_a church_n 24._o victor_n the_o pope_n renew_v the_o decree_n of_o pius_n his_o predecessor_n and_o denounce_v excommunication_n against_o all_o the_o church_n of_o asia_n that_o will_v not_o comforme_v themselves_o thereto_o which_o though_o some_o holy_a and_o learned_a bishop_n &_o among_o other_o irenaeus_n think_v to_o be_v rigorous_o do_v and_o not_o with_o such_o consideration_n as_o it_o seem_v to_o they_o the_o peace_n of_o the_o church_n require_v yet_o none_o of_o they_o nor_o any_o of_o the_o schismatyke_n themselves_o take_v any_o exception_n to_o his_o authority_n as_o though_o he_o have_v do_v more_o than_o he_o may_v do_v which_o no_o doubt_n they_o will_v have_v do_v if_o he_o have_v exceed_v the_o limit_n of_o his_o power_n therefore_o eusebius_n say_v ibid._n that_o irenaeus_n do_v admonish_v he_o that_o he_o will_v not_o cut_v of_o from_o the_o body_n of_o the_o whole_a church_n so_o many_o church_n for_o observe_v a_o tradition_n use_v among_o they_o according_a to_o a_o old_a custom_n and_o nicephorus_n 38._o testify_v that_o they_o advise_v he_o ut_fw-la benignius_fw-la statueret_fw-la that_o shall_v determine_v thereof_o with_o more_o benignity_n and_o mildness_n wherein_o we_o see_v pope_n victor_n authority_n and_o power_n to_o excommunicate_a all_o other_o bishop_n sufficient_o acknowledge_v though_o there_o be_v question_n of_o the_o justness_n of_o the_o cause_n and_o conveniency_n of_o the_o fact_n nevertheless_o it_o appear_v afterward_o by_o the_o determination_n of_o the_o whole_a church_n of_o god_n yea_o &_o of_o the_o great_a part_n of_o the_o asian_a church_n themselves_o that_o victor_n have_v reason_n in_o that_o which_o he_o do_v for_o as_o nicephorus_n testify_v not_o only_a asia_n do_v at_o length_n yield_v therein_o 39_o but_o also_o ubique_fw-la terrarum_fw-la in_o orbe_fw-la decretum_fw-la est_fw-la it_o be_v decree_v through_o out_o the_o world_n that_o the_o feast_n of_o easter_n shall_v be_v celebrate_v upon_o the_o sunday_n ibid._n in_o so_o much_o that_o those_o which_o will_v not_o yield_v thereto_o be_v hold_v for_o heretic_n &_o cawled_a quarta_fw-la decimani_fw-la for_o so_o they_o be_v account_v and_o term_v by_o nicephorus_n saint_n augustin_n council_n epiphanius_n philastrius_n and_o the_o counsel_n of_o antioch_n and_o laodicea_n 7._o and_o to_o conclude_v this_o point_n it_o shall_v not_o be_v impertinent_a to_o the_o matter_n in_o hand_n to_o consider_v how_o this_o controversy_n about_o the_o keep_n of_o easter_n here_o end_v many_o year_n after_o in_o england_n betwixt_o the_o english_a bishop_n maintain_v the_o custom_n of_o rome_n and_o the_o scottish_a that_o be_v schismatyke_n and_o observe_v the_o custom_n of_o asia_n which_o venerable_a bede_n recount_v say_v caâ—_n that_o bishop_n colman_n with_o his_o scotish_n elergy_n be_v assemble_v in_o northumberland_n with_o agilbert_n bishop_n of_o the_o east_n saxon_n &_o his_o priest_n wilfred_n and_o agathon_n in_o the_o presence_n of_o king_n oswy_n after_o long_o debate_v the_o matter_n on_o both_o side_n wilfred_n answer_v to_o colman_n who_o rely_v upon_o the_o authority_n of_o anatholius_n and_o columba_n his_o predecessor_n although_o quoth_v he_o columba_n be_v a_o holy_a man_n yet_o can_v he_o not_o be_v perfer_v before_o peter_n the_o most_o bless_a prince_n of_o the_o apostle_n to_o who_o our_o lord_n say_v 1â—_n thou_o be_v peter_n and_o upon_o this_o rock_n i_o will_v buyld_v my_o church_n &_o hell_n gate_n shall_v not_o prevail_v against_o it_o and_o to_o thou_o i_o will_v give_v the_o key_n of_o the_o kingdom_n of_o heaven_n when_o wilfrid_n have_v say_v this_o king_n oswy_n who_o have_v be_v bring_v up_o by_o the_o scot_n and_o infect_v with_o their_o schism_n ask_v colman_n whether_o he_o can_v prove_v that_o so_o great_a authority_n be_v give_v to_o columba_n and_o colman_n answer_v no_o and_o do_v you_o on_o both_o syd_n say_v the_o king_n grant_v without_o controversy_n that_o this_o be_v say_v principal_o to_o peter_n and_o that_o the_o key_n of_o the_o kingdom_n of_o heaven_n be_v give_v he_o by_o our_o lord_n and_o both_o part_n answer_v yea_o nay_o then_o quoth_v the_o king_n merry_o i_o assure_v you_o i_o will_v not_o in_o any_o thing_n contradict_v that_o porter_n but_o as_o far_o as_o my_o knowledge_n and_o power_n shall_v extend_v i_o will_v obey_v his_o commaundment_n lest_o perhaps_o when_o i_o shall_v come_v to_o heaven_n and_o have_v he_o my_o enemy_n that_o keep_v the_o key_n no_o man_n will_v open_v i_o the_o gate_n the_o king_n have_v say_v thus_o all_o that_o be_v present_v both_o little_a and_o great_a say_v saint_n bede_n allow_v thereof_o and_o yield_v to_o receive_v the_o catholic_a custom_n of_o keep_v easter_n on_o the_o sunday_n thus_o we_o see_v this_o great_a controversy_n end_v also_o in_o england_n near_o a_o thousand_o year_n ago_o by_o the_o authority_n of_o the_o sea_n apostolyke_n so_o that_o to_o return_v to_o pope_n victor_n we_o may_v true_o say_v he_o have_v the_o victory_n or_o rather_o that_o saint_n peter_n by_o he_o and_o his_o successor_n vanquish_v all_o such_o as_o oppose_v themselves_o to_o this_o tradition_n of_o the_o roman_a church_n see_v then_o in_o the_o time_n of_o k._n lucius_n the_o bishop_n of_o rome_n both_o claim_v and_o exercise_v supreme_a authority_n over_o all_o
point_n which_o i_o have_v handle_v what_o have_v always_o be_v the_o doctrine_n of_o the_o church_n of_o god_n concern_v the_o same_o and_o that_o therefore_o king_n lucius_n can_v receive_v no_o other_o from_o the_o catholic_a roman_a church_n by_o the_o which_o he_o be_v convert_v to_o the_o christian_a faith_n and_o if_o i_o think_v it_o needful_a to_o rip_v up_o every_o other_o particular_a point_n controverse_v betwixt_o our_o adversary_n and_o we_o i_o can_v easy_o show_v the_o same_o in_o every_o one_o but_o what_o need_v it_o see_v they_o can_v prove_v that_o any_o pope_n i_o will_v not_o say_v from_o s._n eleutherius_fw-la to_o s._n gregory_n but_o from_o s._n peter_n to_o clement_n the_o eight_o that_o now_o govern_v the_o church_n have_v teach_v and_o decree_v any_o different_a doctrine_n from_o his_o predecessor_n whereas_o on_o the_o other_o side_n we_o show_v evident_o that_o in_o a_o perpetual_a succession_n of_o our_o roman_a bishop_n there_o have_v be_v also_o a_o continual_a succession_n of_o one_o &_o the_o self_n same_o doctrine_n where_o upon_o it_o follow_v infalible_o that_o king_n ethelbert_n and_o the_o english_a can_v not_o receive_v from_o s._n gregory_n the_o pope_n any_o other_o faith_n than_o king_n lucius_n and_o the_o britain_n receive_v from_o saint_n eleutherius_fw-la and_o that_o we_o which_o now_o hold_v communion_n with_o the_o roman_a church_n teach_v no_o other_o doctrine_n then_o that_o which_o be_v teach_v by_o they_o to_o our_o ancestor_n and_o have_v successive_o come_v from_o s._n peter_n &_o consequent_o from_o our_o saviour_n christ._n therefore_o thou_o may_v well_o wonder_v good_a reader_n at_o the_o impudence_n of_o our_o english_a minister_n that_o be_v not_o a_o shame_a to_o preach_v &_o teach_v the_o contrary_a whereby_o thou_o may_v also_o see_v how_o lamentable_a be_v the_o case_n of_o our_o poor_a country_n wherein_o such_o have_v the_o charge_n and_o cure_v of_o soul_n as_o have_v not_o so_o much_o as_o common_a honesty_n to_o say_v the_o truth_n in_o matter_n as_o clear_a as_o the_o sun_n and_o teach_v such_o a_o religion_n as_o for_o lack_v of_o better_a reason_n and_o argument_n they_o be_v force_v to_o maintain_v it_o with_o manifest_a lie_n slander_n yea_o and_o murder_n of_o innocent_a man_n who_o they_o execute_v for_o feign_a crime_n under_o colour_n of_o matter_n of_o state_n acknowledge_v thereby_o sufficient_o the_o truth_n of_o our_o catholyk_n faith_n see_v they_o be_v ashamed_a to_o aâ—ow_v that_o they_o trouble_v any_o man_n for_o it_o while_o they_o confess_v that_o they_o punish_v and_o put_v to_o death_n heretic_n namely_o the_o anabaptist_n direct_o for_o their_o religion_n and_o their_o impudence_n be_v so_o much_o the_o more_o notorious_a for_o that_o their_o publyk_fw-mi proceed_n in_o the_o daily_a execution_n of_o penal_a and_o capital_a law_n touch_v only_a matter_n of_o religion_n do_v contradict_v and_o convince_v their_o say_n and_o write_n wherein_o they_o affirm_v that_o they_o put_v none_o to_o death_n for_o religion_n but_o for_o as_o much_o as_o i_o have_v treat_v this_o matter_n at_o large_a in_o diverse_a part_n of_o my_o apology_n besides_o that_o i_o understand_v that_o some_o other_o also_o intend_v to_o treat_v thereof_o in_o the_o answer_n of_o a_o ridiculous_a challenge_n make_v by_o o._n e._n fraught_v with_o most_o absurd_a paradox_n as_o well_o concern_v this_o point_n as_o other_o touch_v our_o catholic_a faith_n i_o remit_v thou_o good_a reader_n thereto_o and_o so_o conclude_v this_o treaty_n beseech_v almighty_a god_n to_o give_v our_o adversary_n the_o light_n of_o his_o grace_n and_o we_o in_o the_o mean_a time_n patience_n and_o constancy_n and_o to_o thou_o indifferency_n to_o judge_v of_o matter_n so_o much_o import_v the_o eternal_a good_a and_o salvation_n of_o thy_o soul_n which_o i_o hearty_o wish_v no_o less_o than_o my_o own_o finis_fw-la a_o table_n of_o the_o chapter_n of_o this_o treatise_n the_o preface_n wherein_o be_v declare_v the_o cause_n of_o the_o long_a delay_n of_o print_v the_o apology_n and_o withal_o be_v note_v the_o impudence_n of_o a_o late_a writer_n in_o england_n disguyse_v his_o name_n with_o the_o letter_n o._n e._n who_o avow_v the_o fiction_n of_o squyres_n employment_n for_o a_o truth_n and_o affirm_v that_o none_o be_v put_v to_o death_n in_o england_n for_o religion_n a_o answer_n to_o two_o malicious_a slander_n avowch_v in_o the_o foresay_a libel_n concern_v the_o conquest_n of_o england_n false_o suppose_v to_o be_v pretend_v &_o solicit_v by_o the_o catholyk_n &_o touch_v the_o late_a enterprise_n of_o the_o king_n of_o spain_n in_o ireland_n also_o concern_v sir_n william_n stanley_n and_o the_o jesuit_n calumniate_v by_o the_o lybeller_n chap._n 1._o concern_v father_n parson_n in_o particular_a and_o that_o the_o extreme_a malice_n that_o the_o heretyk_n bear_v he_o be_v a_o evident_a argument_n of_o his_o great_a virtue_n chap._n 2._o that_o the_o catholykes_n be_v persecute_v &_o martyr_v now_o in_o england_n for_o the_o same_o cause_n that_o the_o martyr_n die_v in_o the_o primative_a church_n and_o of_o the_o great_a injustice_n do_v to_o two_o priest_n condemn_v at_o lincoln_n by_o judge_n glanduile_n chap._n 3._o of_o the_o impudence_n of_o a_o minister_n who_o be_v present_a at_o the_o death_n of_o the_o two_o martyr_n aforesaid_a affirm_v publyk_o that_o our_o country_n be_v convert_v by_o saint_n augustin_n the_o monk_n to_o the_o protestant_n religion_n by_o occasion_n whereof_o the_o truth_n of_o that_o point_n be_v evident_o declare_v chap._n 4._o of_o the_o first_o conversion_n of_o our_o country_n while_o it_o be_v call_v brittany_n in_o the_o time_n of_o king_n lucius_n with_o evident_a proof_n that_o our_o catholyk_n faith_n be_v then_o preach_v and_o plant_v there_o chap._n 5._o the_o same_o be_v confirm_v &_o prove_v out_o of_o gildas_n the_o sage_a ca._n 6._o certain_a point_n of_o controversy_n be_v discuss_v whereby_o it_o be_v prove_v that_o king_n lucius_n receive_v our_o catholic_a faith_n and_o first_o of_o the_o pope_n supremacy_n in_o ecclesiastical_a cause_n chap._n 7._o that_o our_o saviour_n make_v s._n peter_n supreme_a head_n of_o the_o church_n chap._n 8._o that_o the_o successor_n of_o saint_n peter_n to_o wit_n the_o bishop_n of_o rome_n succeed_v he_o in_o the_o supremacy_n of_o the_o church_n chap._n 9_o that_o the_o bishop_n of_o rome_n exercise_v supreme_a authority_n in_o the_o time_n of_o king_n lucius_n chap._n 10._o the_o matter_n of_o holy_a image_n be_v debate_v and_o the_o use_n thereof_o prove_v to_o have_v be_v in_o the_o church_n of_o god_n ever_o since_o our_o saviour_n tyme._n chap._n 11._o the_o commandment_n of_o god_n touch_v image_n be_v explicate_v &_o the_o practice_n of_o the_o church_n declare_v chap._n 12._o concern_v the_o relic_n of_o saint_n and_o the_o reverend_a use_n thereof_o chap._n 13._o that_o our_o doctrine_n concern_v the_o sacrifice_n of_o the_o mass_n be_v genera_o receive_v and_o believe_v in_o the_o time_n of_o king_n lucius_n and_o first_o that_o it_o be_v foretell_v and_o prophesy_v by_o malachias_n chap._n 14._o that_o not_o only_o the_o sacrifice_n of_o melchisedech_n but_o also_o all_o the_o sacrifice_n of_o the_o old_a law_n be_v figure_n of_o the_o sacrifice_n of_o the_o mass_n and_o be_v change_v into_o the_o same_o and_o by_o the_o way_n be_v declare_v the_o necessity_n of_o sacrifice_n as_o well_o for_o common_a wealth_n as_o for_o religion_n chap._n 15._o that_o our_o saviour_n christ_n institute_v and_o offer_v at_o his_o last_o supper_n the_o sacrifice_n of_o his_o bless_a body_n and_o blood_n prove_v by_o his_o own_o word_n &_o by_o the_o exposition_n of_o the_o father_n with_o a_o declaration_n how_o he_o be_v sacrifice_v in_o the_o mass_n and_o last_o that_o he_o give_v commission_n and_o power_n to_o his_o disciple_n to_o offer_v his_o body_n and_o blood_n in_o sacrifice_n that_o be_v to_o say_v to_o say_v the_o mass_n chap._n 16._o that_o the_o apostle_n practise_v the_o commission_n give_v they_o by_o our_o saviour_n sacrifice_v or_o say_v mass_n themselves_o and_o leave_v the_o use_n and_o practice_v thereof_o unto_o the_o church_n &_o that_o the_o ancient_a father_n not_o only_o in_o king_n lucius_n time_n but_o also_o for_o all_o the_o first_o 500_o year_n afeer_n christ_n teach_v it_o to_o be_v a_o true_a sacrifice_n and_o propitiatory_a for_o the_o live_n &_o for_o the_o dead_a chap._n 17_o a_o answer_n to_o the_o objection_n of_o our_o adversary_n out_o of_o s._n paul_n epistle_n to_o the_o hebrew_n with_o a_o declaration_n that_o the_o heretyk_n of_o this_o time_n that_o abolish_v the_o sacrifice_n of_o the_o mass_n have_v not_o the_o new_a testament_n of_o christ_n and_o that_o they_o show_v themselves_o to_o be_v most_o pernicious_a enemy_n of_o human_a kind_n chap._n 18._o
that_o he_o procure_v at_o one_o time_n for_o the_o seminary_n at_o douai_n erect_v by_o my_o lord_n cardinal_n pacify_v the_o pacification_n of_o the_o scandalous_a tumult_n in_o the_o english_a college_n at_o rome_n attempt_v by_o diverse_a in_o vain_a and_o reserve_v as_o it_o shall_v seem_v by_o almighty_a god_n to_o he_o for_o the_o testimony_n of_o his_o wisdom_n and_o virtue_n rome_n the_o present_a government_n of_o the_o say_a college_n in_o such_o tranquillity_n unity_n &_o love_n such_o aeconomy_n &_o discipline_n and_o such_o exercise_n of_o all_o virtue_n and_o learning_n that_o it_o serve_v for_o a_o example_n &_o spectacle_n to_o all_o rome_n so_o that_o all_o our_o seminary_n which_o be_v now_o the_o honour_n and_o hope_n of_o our_o afflict_a church_n and_o in_o time_n will_v be_v the_o bane_n of_o heresy_n in_o england_n he_o have_v either_o be_v erect_v or_o relieve_v and_o repair_v or_o otherwise_o exceed_o benefit_v by_o he_o and_o if_o we_o consider_v withal_o the_o great_a care_n and_o pain_n he_o have_v take_v in_o all_o this_o the_o many_o long_a and_o tedious_a journey_n to_o strange_a and_o remote_a country_n the_o difficulty_n he_o have_v pass_v by_o contradiction_n and_o opposition_n sometime_o of_o great_a parsonage_n and_o the_o prudence_n longaminity_n and_o patience_n he_o have_v show_v in_o all_o therein_o and_o if_o we_o add_v thereto_o his_o religious_a life_n so_o examplar_n for_o all_o kind_n of_o virtue_n that_o those_o which_o malign_v he_o most_o can_v find_v nothing_o just_o to_o reprehend_v therein_o and_o therefore_o to_o have_v somewhat_o to_o say_v against_o he_o enemy_n be_v fain_o either_o to_o invent_v manifest_a lie_n such_o as_o here_o i_o have_v touch_v or_o else_o to_o calumniate_v his_o good_a work_v with_o vain_a surmise_n uncharitable_a suspicion_n and_o fall_v interpretation_n from_o which_o kind_n of_o calumniation_n neither_o the_o innocency_n of_o god_n saint_n nor_o yet_o the_o prefection_n of_o our_o saviour_n himself_o can_v be_v free_a be_v last_o if_o with_o all_o this_o religion_n we_o consider_v concurrence_n and_o manifest_a assistance_n of_o almighty_a god_n to_o his_o endeavour_n in_o the_o progress_n of_o catholic_a religion_n in_o england_n advance_v notable_o as_o all_o man_n see_v no_o less_o by_o his_o book_n and_o other_o labour_n then_o by_o his_o seminary_n we_o may_v evident_o conclude_v â—â—ree_a thing_n the_o first_o that_o god_n have_v of_o his_o infinite_a mercy_n and_o providence_n determine_v to_o repair_v the_o wrack_a wall_n of_o our_o jerusalem_n have_v raise_v he_o for_o a_o special_a mean_n and_o instrument_n thereof_o premise_n geve_v he_o for_o that_o end_n extraordinary_a grace_n and_o blessing_n as_o well_o of_o credit_n with_o prince_n abroad_o as_o also_o of_o singular_a zeal_n prudence_n fortitude_n longanimity_n patience_n and_o other_o virtue_n requisite_a to_o so_o heroycal_a and_o excellent_a a_o work_v england_n and_o no_o marvel_v see_v that_o for_o the_o building_n of_o his_o material_a tabernacle_n he_o bestow_v upon_o some_o of_o his_o people_n extraordinary_a gift_n of_o carve_v grave_v and_o work_v in_o wood_n or_o metal_n all_o kind_n of_o work_v whereof_o they_o have_v no_o skill_n before_o the_o second_o conclusion_n of_o these_o premise_n be_v that_o it_o be_v not_o possible_a 3â—_n but_o that_o he_o be_v employ_v by_o almighty_a god_n in_o the_o service_n of_o his_o church_n so_o particular_o and_o with_o such_o fruit_n as_o we_o see_v shall_v be_v impugn_a calummate_v &_o persecute_v by_o god_n enemy_n instrument_n for_o the_o devil_n seek_v by_o all_o mean_n to_o overthrow_v the_o church_n of_o god_n employ_v all_o his_o instrument_n and_o discharge_v the_o rage_n of_o his_o fury_n chief_o against_o those_o that_o be_v the_o chief_a pillar_n and_o upholder_n thereof_o the_o three_o &_o last_o point_n be_v that_o if_o he_o still_o continue_v to_o the_o end_n and_o consummate_v his_o course_n according_a to_o his_o beginning_n and_o proceed_n hitherto_o as_o by_o god_n grace_n he_o will_v he_o shall_v not_o only_o gain_v a_o eternal_a crown_n of_o glory_n in_o heaven_n but_o also_o leave_v to_o all_o posterity_n a_o everlasting_a fame_n of_o his_o apostolical_a labour_n enemy_n and_o much_o the_o rather_o for_o the_o contradiction_n hatred_n and_o persecution_n that_o he_o receive_v at_o the_o hand_n of_o god_n enemy_n which_o already_o make_v he_o famous_a throughout_o christendom_n and_o will_v ever_o remain_v for_o a_o evident_a argument_n of_o his_o great_a virtue_n and_o merit_n thus_o much_o i_o have_v think_v good_a to_o touch_v brief_o and_o true_o here_o to_o serve_v for_o a_o counterpeyse_v to_o the_o multitude_n of_o malicious_a slander_n that_o o._n e._n heap_v upon_o he_o in_o his_o two_o lybel_n religion_n the_o particular_a answer_n whereof_o i_o leave_v to_o one_o that_o have_v undertake_v the_o same_o mean_v only_o for_o my_o part_n to_o examine_v here_o a_o little_o further_a how_o true_o he_o avouch_v that_o none_o be_v put_v to_o death_n in_o england_n for_o religion_n which_o besides_o former_a example_n and_o many_o reason_n allege_v in_o my_o apology_n almost_o every_o man_n experience_n in_o england_n may_v convince_v for_o a_o notable_a untruthe_n by_o the_o martyrdom_n of_o those_o which_o have_v suffer_v in_o diverse_a part_n within_o these_o 3._o year_n since_o the_o apology_n be_v write_v example_n of_o divers_a catholykes_n execute_v since_o the_o apology_n be_v write_v for_o the_o same_o cause_n that_o the_o martyr_n be_v put_v to_o death_n in_o the_o primative_a church_n and_o of_o the_o great_a injustice_n do_v to_o two_o priest_n condemn_v at_o lincoln_n by_o judge_n glanduyle_n chap._n iii_o i_o appeal_v to_o the_o remembrance_n of_o all_o those_o that_o be_v present_a at_o the_o arraignment_n of_o m._n rigby_n a_o lay_a gentleman_n in_o the_o year_n 1600._o whether_o there_o be_v any_o thing_n concern_v matter_n of_o state_n or_o the_o least_o suspicion_n thereof_o lay_v to_o his_o charge_n 1600._o who_o be_v no_o way_n accuse_v or_o call_v in_o question_n for_o any_o matter_n whatsoever_o but_o come_v to_o the_o session_n at_o newgate_n of_o mere_a charity_n to_o excuse_v the_o appearance_n of_o a_o catholic_a gentlewoman_n that_o be_v sick_a be_v examine_v of_o his_o religion_n and_o condemn_v within_o a_o few_o day_n after_o for_o be_v a_o reconcyled_a catholyk_n whereof_o nevertheless_o he_o may_v have_v be_v discharge_v if_o he_o will_v have_v consent_v but_o only_o to_o have_v go_v to_o the_o church_n which_o be_v offer_v he_o both_o before_o the_o jury_n give_v their_o verdiâ—_n and_o also_o after_o further-more_a what_o matter_n of_o state_n be_v so_o much_o as_o object_v to_o m._n palaser_n the_o priest_n or_o to_o m._n talbot_n and_o to_o m._n john_n norton_n norton_n condemn_v and_o execute_v the_o same_o year_n at_o durham_n the_o first_o only_o for_o be_v a_o priest_n and_o the_o other_o two_o for_o have_v be_v aquaynt_v with_o he_o &_o not_o detect_v he_o or_o to_o a_o virtuous_a widow_n the_o last_o year_n at_o york_n for_o harbour_v a_o priest_n call_v m._n christopher_n wharton_n who_o be_v execute_v also_o with_o she_o or_o to_o m_o rs_fw-fr line_n the_o last_o year_n at_o london_n for_o have_v receive_v priest_n lyne_n against_o who_o no_o matter_n of_o state_n but_o only_o their_o religion_n and_o priesthood_n be_v prove_v man_n which_o be_v also_o most_o evident_a in_o m._n john_n pibush_n m._n mark_v barkwoorth_n at_o london_n the_o last_o year_n &_o m._n robert_n nutter_n m._n edward_n thwing_n m._n thurstan_n hunt_n &_o m._n midleton_n at_o lancaster_n as_o also_o in_o the_o case_n of_o m._n filcock_n &_o now_o this_o year_n m_o harrison_n at_o york_n all_o of_o they_o martyr_v only_o for_o be_v catholic_a priest_n and_o a_o lay_v man_n for_o have_v receive_v the_o aforesaid_a n._n harrison_n into_o his_o house_n therefore_o can_v o._n e._n or_o any_o man_n be_v so_o impudent_a to_o say_v that_o these_o lay_v man_n &_o woman_n die_v not_o for_o religion_n or_o that_o the_o priest_n for_o who_o cause_n they_o be_v condemn_v church_n or_o the_o other_o here_o mention_v be_v traitor_n in_o any_o other_o sort_n or_o sense_n than_o be_v the_o priest_n of_o the_o primative_a church_n account_v in_o like_a manner_n rebel_n and_o traitor_n only_o for_o do_v the_o function_n of_o christian_a catholic_a priest_n as_o appear_z in_o the_o story_n of_o the_o bless_a s._n alban_n the_o protomartyr_n of_o brittany_n who_o be_v charge_v by_o the_o judge_n to_o have_v receive_v into_o his_o house_n &_o conveygh_v away_o rebellem_fw-la and_o sacrilegum_fw-la sacerdotem_fw-la 1._o a_o traitorous_a and_o sacrilegious_a priest_n priest_n for_o that_o he_o put_v on_o the_o priest_n apparel_n and_o so_o offer_v himself_o to_o be_v take_v by_o the_o searcher_n that_o the_o priest_n may_v escape_v for_o the_o which_o
will_v give_v thou_o the_o key_n of_o the_o kingdom_n of_o heaven_n and_o origen_n add_v further_a that_o there_o be_v no_o smalle_a difference_n betwixt_o the_o apostle_n commission_n to_o bind_v and_o loose_v and_o the_o commission_n of_o s._n peter_n which_o he_o affirm_v to_o be_v more_o ample_a because_o say_v he_o non_fw-la erant_fw-la in_o tanta_fw-la perfectione_n sicut_fw-la petrus_n they_o be_v not_o in_o such_o perfection_n as_o peter_n and_o therefore_o s._n leo_n say_v that_o the_o authority_n or_o power_n to_o bind_v and_o loose_v â—â—eaâ—en_n be_v give_v petro_n prae_fw-la caeteris_fw-la to_o peter_n above_o the_o rest_n of_o the_o apostle_n and_o the_o reason_n be_v for_o that_o he_o be_v their_o head_n and_o they_o subordinat_a to_o he_o he_o receive_v the_o same_o for_o himself_o and_o they_o and_o they_o hold_v it_o as_o from_o he_o &_o under_o he_o though_o they_o have_v it_o also_o by_o christ_n commission_n as_o well_o as_o he_o which_o s._n augustin_n teach_v clear_o joan._n when_o he_o say_v that_o the_o key_n of_o the_o kingdom_n of_o heaven_n be_v give_v to_o s._n peter_n because_o he_o represent_v the_o whole_a church_n of_o which_o representation_n he_o yield_v the_o reason_n add_v immediate_o propter_fw-la apostolatus_fw-la svi_fw-la primatum_fw-la or_o as_o he_o say_v in_o a_o other_o place_n propter_fw-la primatum_fw-la quem_fw-la in_o discipulis_fw-la habuit_fw-la by_o reason_n of_o the_o supremacy_n he_o have_v over_o the_o rest_n of_o the_o apostle_n geve_v to_o understand_v thereby_o that_o the_o key_n be_v give_v to_o s._n peter_n as_o head_n of_o the_o apostle_n and_o consequent_o as_o head_n of_o the_o church_n they_o be_v give_v also_o to_o the_o apostle_n and_o to_o the_o whole_a church_n for_o what_o be_v give_v to_o the_o king_n as_o king_n the_o same_o be_v give_v to_o the_o common_a wealth_n and_o from_o he_o or_o by_o he_o as_o head_z thereof_o be_v communicate_v &_o impart_v to_o the_o whole_a body_n for_o this_o cause_n s._n chrisostome_n treat_v of_o the_o promise_n that_o our_o saviour_n make_v to_o s._n peter_n to_o buyld_v his_o church_n upon_o he_o matth._n and_o to_o give_v he_o the_o key_n of_o the_o kingdom_n of_o heaven_n affirm_v that_o he_o make_v he_o head_n or_o gowernour_n of_o the_o whole_a world_n thus_o much_o for_o the_o second_o proof_n the_o three_o and_o last_o shall_v be_v the_o commission_n and_o charge_n that_o our_o saviour_n give_v particular_o to_o s._n peter_n to_o feed_v his_o sheep_n whereby_o he_o make_v he_o general_a pastor_n over_o his_o whole_a flock_n whereof_o eusebius_n emissenus_fw-la say_v thus_o evangel_n first_o christ_n comit_v unto_o he_o his_o lamb_n &_o then_o his_o sheep_n because_o he_o make_v he_o not_o only_o a_o pastor_n or_o shepherd_n but_o also_o the_o pastor_n of_o pastor_n therefore_o peter_n feed_v the_o lamb_n &_o he_o feed_v the_o sheep_n he_o feed_v the_o young_a one_o &_o their_o dam_n he_o govern_v the_o subject_n &_o their_o prelate_n so_o that_o he_o be_v pastor_n of_o all_o for_o besides_o lamb_n &_o sheep_n there_o be_v nothing_o in_o the_o church_n this_o be_v more_o evident_a in_o the_o greek_a wherein_o the_o gospel_n of_o s._n john_n be_v write_v then_o in_o our_o latin_a translation_n for_o where_o as_o we_o have_v 3._o time_n pasce_fw-la that_o be_v to_o say_v feed_v the_o greek_a have_v in_o the_o second_o place_n 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d which_o do_v not_o only_o signify_v to_o feed_v but_o also_o to_o govern_v and_o rule_v whereby_o the_o evangelist_n signify_v that_o christ_n give_v to_o s._n peter_n commission_n not_o only_o to_o feed_v his_o flock_n with_o preach_v and_o teach_v but_o also_o to_o exercise_v all_o pastoral_a authority_n over_o they_o that_o be_v to_o say_v to_o rule_v and_o govern_v they_o in_o which_o sense_n the_o greek_a word_n 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d be_v often_o use_v in_o the_o holy_a scripture_n 2._o as_o in_o s._n matthew_n and_o micheas_n the_o prophet_n 5._o where_o it_o be_v say_v of_o bethlem_n there_o shall_v come_v forth_o of_o thou_o a_o caeptayne_n that_o shall_v govern_v my_o people_n israel_n and_o in_o the_o apocalypse_n 19_o he_o shall_v rule_v they_o in_o a_o iron_n rod_n and_o again_o in_o the_o psalm_n 2._o thou_o shall_v govern_v or_o rule_v theym_a in_o a_o rod_n of_o iron_n in_o which_o place_n as_o also_o in_o divers_a other_o of_o the_o scripture_n to_o like_a purpose_n 44._o the_o greek_a have_v 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d and_o 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d and_o in_o the_o same_o sense_n our_o lord_n say_v in_o the_o prophet_n that_o the_o great_a monarch_n cirus_n shall_v be_v his_o pastor_n because_o he_o shall_v govern_v and_o rule_v his_o people_n and_o homer_n oftentimes_o caul_v king_n agamemnon_n 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d the_o king_n or_o pastor_n of_o this_o people_n for_o the_o word_n 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d signify_v both_o and_o therefore_o s._n augustin_n expound_v those_o word_n feed_v my_o sheep_n joan._n say_v that_o christ_n recommend_v his_o sheep_n to_o s._n peter_n pascendas_fw-la id_fw-la est_fw-la docendas_fw-la regendasque_fw-la to_o be_v feed_v that_o be_v to_o say_v to_o be_v teach_v and_o govern_v joan._n theophilactus_fw-la also_o upon_o the_o same_o place_n witness_v that_o christ_n give_v to_o s._n peter_n praesecturam_fw-la ovium_fw-la totius_fw-la mundi_fw-la the_o government_n of_o the_o sheep_n of_o the_o whole_a world_n sacerdotio_fw-la and_o s._n chrisostome_n treat_v of_o those_o word_n of_o our_o saviour_n say_v that_o he_o will_v have_v s._n peter_n to_o be_v endue_v with_o authority_n and_o far_o to_o excel_v the_o other_o apostle_n and_o again_o expound_v the_o same_o word_n otherwhere_o he_o say_v that_o christ_n speak_v unto_o he_o only_o joan._n because_o he_o be_v the_o mouth_n &_o head_n of_o the_o apostle_n and_o commit_v unto_o he_o curam_fw-la fratrum_fw-la suorum_fw-la the_o charge_n of_o his_o brethren_n and_o a_o little_a after_o paenit_fw-la that_o christ_n give_v he_o the_o charge_n of_o the_o whole_a world_n which_o he_o also_o affirm_v in_o a_o other_o place_n of_o the_o universal_a church_n say_v that_o the_o supremacy_n and_o government_n of_o the_o church_n throughout_o the_o whole_a world_n be_v give_v he_o by_o christ._n i_o will_v conclude_v with_o s._n leo_n whereas_o say_v he_o the_o power_n of_o bind_n and_o lose_v be_v give_v to_o peter_n above_o the_o rest_n of_o the_o apostle_n viennen_n the_o care_n &_o charge_n of_o feed_v the_o sheep_n of_o christ_n be_v more_o special_o commit_v to_o he_o to_o who_o whosoever_o shall_v think_v the_o principality_n or_o supremacy_n be_v to_o be_v deny_v he_o can_v by_o any_o mean_n diminish_v his_o dignity_n but_o be_v puff_v up_o with_o the_o spirit_n of_o his_o own_o pride_n he_o cast_v himself_o headlong_o to_o hell_n thus_o thou_o see_v matth_n good_a reader_n that_o our_o doctrine_n of_o the_o supremacy_n of_o s._n peter_n be_v no_o novelty_n of_o our_o invention_n but_o the_o uniform_a and_o constant_a opinion_n joaâ—_n of_o the_o most_o learned_a and_o ancient_a father_n of_o the_o church_n ground_v upon_o the_o scripture_n â—_o in_o which_o respect_n we_o find_v in_o all_o the_o say_v ancient_a docctor_n most_o eminent_a and_o excellent_a title_n of_o superiority_n 51._o and_o prerogative_n attribute_v to_o s._n peter_n who_o in_o s._n hilary_n be_v cawled_a the_o bless_a porter_n of_o heaven_n 6._o in_o s._n augustin_n the_o first_o or_o chief_a of_o the_o apostle_n in_o eusebius_n the_o great_a of_o the_o apostle_n and_o master_n of_o the_o warfare_n of_o god_n in_o epiphanius_n the_o captain_n of_o the_o disciple_n in_o s._n ciril_n prince_n and_o head_n of_o the_o apostle_n lucae_n in_o s._n ambrose_n the_o vicar_n that_o christ_n leave_v we_o of_o his_o love_n and_o to_o omit_v other_o for_o brevitye_n sake_n in_o s._n chrysostome_n joan_n the_o top_n or_o head_n of_o the_o congregation_n of_o the_o apostle_n paenite_fw-la a_o unconsumable_a rock_n the_o unmoveable_a top_n of_o the_o building_n and_o last_o joan_n the_o pastor_n and_o head_n of_o the_o church_n that_o the_o successor_n of_o s._n peter_n to_o wit_n the_o bishop_n of_o rome_n succeed_v he_o in_o the_o supremacy_n of_o the_o church_n chap._n ix_o and_o for_o as_o much_o as_o it_o be_v evident_a that_o our_o saviour_n christ_n give_v not_o this_o authority_n to_o s._n peter_n for_o his_o own_o particular_a benefit_n but_o for_o the_o general_a good_a of_o his_o church_n nor_o for_o his_o own_o day_n only_o but_o during_o the_o time_n of_o the_o church_n militant_a to_o the_o end_n that_o so_o long_o as_o their_o shall_v be_v any_o sheep_n in_o his_o fold_n so_o long_o there_o shall_v be_v a_o universal_a pastor_n to_o feed_v and_o govern_v they_o and_o that_o his_o church_n which_o be_v a_o visible_a body_n
of_o their_o primacy_n in_o cause_n ecclesiastical_a see_v then_o your_o religion_n so_o far_o as_o it_o be_v distinct_a from_o other_o have_v no_o other_o ground_n than_o reason_n of_o state_n i_o doubt_v not_o but_o if_o the_o matter_n be_v well_o examine_v what_o god_n they_o believe_v in_o that_o persuade_v her_o majesty_n tie_n thereto_o or_o you_o and_o your_o fellow_n that_o manitayne_v it_o upon_o the_o same_o reason_n and_o by_o such_o unchristian_a practice_n as_o you_o do_v you_o will_v be_v find_v to_o be_v comprehend_v in_o the_o three_o division_n of_o varro_fw-la who_o say_v that_o 3._o kind_n of_o man_n have_v three_o different_a kind_n of_o god_n 5._o the_o poet_n one_o the_o philosopher_n a_o other_o and_o statist_n or_o polityk_v a_o three_o &_o that_o every_o one_o of_o they_o have_v a_o different_a religion_n according_a to_o the_o difference_n of_o their_o god_n as_o that_o the_o religion_n of_o the_o poet_n be_v fabulous_a the_o other_o of_o the_o philosopher_n natural_a the_o three_o of_o the_o statist_n politic_a and_o accommodate_v to_o government_n and_o this_o be_v that_o which_o you_o profess_v for_o the_o god_n you_o believe_v in_o be_v the_o prince_n your_o scripture_n be_v the_o act_n of_o parliament_n your_o religion_n be_v to_o conserve_v the_o state_n persa_n &_o vefas_fw-la and_o therefore_o as_o all_o good_a christian_n do_v measure_v the_o reason_n of_o state_n by_o religion_n which_o be_v the_o true_a rule_n and_o the_o end_n thereof_o and_o from_o the_o which_o it_o can_v in_o reason_n dissent_n or_o disagre_a so_o you_o on_o the_o other_o side_n reduce_v and_o frame_v religion_n to_o your_o false_a reason_n of_o state_n and_o by_o that_o mean_n pervert_v all_o the_o order_n both_o of_o nature_n and_o grace_n prefer_v the_o body_n before_o the_o soul_n temporal_a thing_n before_o spiritual_a humayn_v before_o divine_a earth_n before_o heaven_n the_o world_n before_o god_n and_o which_o be_v more_o you_o subject_a both_o earth_n heaven_n body_n soul_n the_o world_n yea_o god_n and_o all_o to_o the_o private_a pleasure_n and_o profit_n of_o the_o prince_n as_o though_o he_o be_v the_o end_n the_o lord_n and_o god_n of_o all_o the_o world_n and_o of_o nature_n itself_o whereupon_o ensue_v those_o monstrous_a policy_n which_o we_o fee_v fraught_v with_o all_o frand_n hypocrisy_n perjury_n slander_n murder_n and_o all_o kind_n of_o cruelty_n oppression_n and_o impiety_n which_o have_v ruin_v infinite_a king_n with_o their_o country_n &_o kingdom_n and_o what_o they_o will_v bring_v our_o poor_a country_n unto_o in_o the_o end_n time_n will_v tell_v whereto_o i_o remit_v i_o for_o as_o the_o italian_a proverb_n say_v la_fw-fr vita_fw-la il_fw-fr sine_fw-la â—l_fw-it di_fw-it lâ—da_fw-it la_fw-fr sera_fw-fr the_o end_n praise_v the_o life_n and_o the_o evening_n the_o day_n of_o the_o true_a cause_n of_o more_o moderation_n use_v in_o the_o begin_n then_o afterward_o &_o of_o the_o difference_n make_v by_o the_o law_n betwixt_o seminary_n and_o i_o mary_n priest_n chap._n xxiii_o but_o to_o proceed_v in_o your_o observation_n you_o go_v forward_o to_o give_v example_n that_o there_o be_v moderation_n use_v in_o ecclesiastical_a cause_n where_o matter_n of_o state_n be_v not_o mix_v with_o religion_n say_v for_o else_o i_o will_v glad_o learn_v what_o shall_v make_v the_o difference_n the_o temper_n of_o the_o law_n in_o the_o first_o year_n of_o the_o queen_n and_o in_o the_o 23._o and_o 27._o but_o that_o at_o the_o one_o time_n they_o be_v papist_n in_o conscience_n and_o at_o the_o other_o they_o be_v grow_v papist_n in_o faction_n or_o what_o shall_v make_v the_o difference_n at_o this_o day_n in_o law_n betwixt_o a_o queen_n marie_n priest_n &_o a_o seminary_n priest_n save_v that_o the_o one_o be_v a_o priest_n of_o suspicion_n and_o the_o other_o a_o priest_n of_o sedition_n hereto_o i_o answer_v that_o because_o you_o say_v you_o will_v glad_o learn_v and_o that_o i_o take_v you_o to_o be_v of_o a_o good_a wit_n and_o docile_a i_o will_v take_v pain_n to_o teach_v you_o this_o point_n that_o you_o say_v you_o will_v so_o fain_o learn_v know_v you_o therefore_o that_o there_o be_v diverse_a cause_n of_o more_o moderation_n and_o lenity_n use_v for_o some_o year_n in_o the_o begin_n then_o afterward_o &_o yet_o not_o those_o which_o you_o speak_v of_o and_o so_o you_o show_v your_o self_n either_o ignorant_a or_o malicious_a in_o both_o the_o first_o a_o ordinary_a rule_n of_o state_n which_o those_o great_a statist_n that_o procure_v this_o change_n can_v not_o neglect_v i_o mean_v in_o case_n of_o innovation_n to_o use_v no_o sudden_a violence_n but_o to_o proceed_v by_o degree_n especial_o in_o matter_n of_o religion_n which_o be_v seldom_o change_v without_o tumult_n and_o trouble_n whereof_o they_o have_v see_v the_o experience_n in_o the_o time_n of_o both_o the_o king_n henry_n and_o edward_n &_o therefore_o they_o have_v great_a reason_n to_o water_v their_o wine_n at_o the_o beginning_n and_o to_o use_v moderation_n at_o least_o for_o some_o year_n until_o the_o state_n and_o government_n be_v settle_v the_o second_o cause_n be_v the_o doctrine_n of_o your_o own_o gospeller_n in_o q._n maryes_fw-mi time_n who_o because_o some_o of_o their_o follower_n be_v burn_v for_o heresy_n according_a to_o the_o canon_n and_o law_n of_o the_o church_n cry_v out_o that_o they_o be_v persecute_v and_o publish_v in_o their_o book_n and_o sermon_n that_o faith_n ought_v to_o be_v free_a and_o not_o force_v &_o that_o therefore_o it_o be_v against_o all_o conscience_n to_o punish_v or_o trouble_v man_n for_o their_o religion_n in_o which_o respect_n the_o author_n of_o the_o change_n that_o serve_v themselves_o of_o they_o in_o the_o ecclesiastical_a and_o pastoral_a dignity_n can_v not_o for_o shame_v at_o the_o very_a first_o use_v the_o bloody_a proceed_n which_o afterward_o they_o do_v though_o nevertheless_o they_o forbear_v not_o in_o the_o very_a beginning_n to_o imprison_v and_o otherwise_o to_o afflict_v all_o bishop_n and_o chief_n pastor_n and_o such_o other_o as_o will_v not_o subscribe_v &_o come_v to_o their_o church_n for_o the_o which_o cause_n i_o remember_v that_o besides_o a_o great_a number_n of_o ecclesiastical_a and_o temporal_a person_n some_o of_o my_o own_o kindred_n and_o family_n be_v call_v to_o london_n and_o imprison_v in_o the_o second_o year_n of_o her_o majesty_n reign_n and_o so_o remain_v prisoner_n many_o year_n after_o the_o three_o cause_n be_v the_o vain_a hope_n that_o those_o polityk_n have_v that_o a_o religion_n so_o sensual_a and_o full_a of_o liberty_n as_o they_o authorize_v with_o the_o power_n of_o the_o prince_n uphold_v with_o law_n promulgate_v with_o all_o artifice_n of_o writer_n preacher_n and_o persuader_n will_v easy_o within_o a_o few_o year_n infinuate_v itself_o into_o the_o heart_n of_o all_o man_n especial_o of_o the_o youth_n whereby_o they_o make_v account_v that_o the_o elder_a sort_n be_v wear_v out_o there_o will_v be_v within_o a_o few_o year_n little_a memory_n or_o none_o at_o all_o leave_v of_o catholic_a religion_n but_o when_o they_o see_v after_o some_o year_n experience_n how_o much_o they_o be_v deceive_v of_o their_o expectation_n and_o that_o through_o the_o zealous_a endeavour_n of_o the_o learned_a english_a catholic_n abroad_a learned_a book_n write_v college_n &_o seminaryes_n erect_v priest_n make_v and_o send_v in_o &_o thereby_o infinite_a number_n reduce_v to_o the_o unity_n of_o the_o catholic_a church_n not_o only_o of_o the_o schismatic_o that_o fall_v at_o the_o first_o either_o by_o ignorance_n or_o for_o fear_n but_o also_o of_o the_o protestant_n themselves_o and_o among_o they_o even_o many_o minister_n and_o principal_a preacher_n and_o none_o soon_o convert_v or_o more_o zealous_o affect_v to_o catholic_a religion_n than_o the_o young_a and_o fyne_a wit_n wherewith_o our_o new_a seminaryes_n begin_v to_o be_v people_v when_o those_o statist_n i_o say_v see_v this_o they_o think_v it_o then_o time_n to_o bestyrre_v themselves_o and_o to_o persecute_v in_o good_a earnest_n and_o yet_o to_o do_v it_o in_o such_o sort_n as_o they_o may_v if_o it_o be_v possible_a avoid_v the_o name_n &_o suspicion_n of_o persecutor_n both_o at_o home_n and_o abroad_o and_o therefore_o they_o use_v the_o same_o policy_n that_o julian_n the_o apostata_fw-la do_v of_o who_o s._n gregory_n nazianzenus_n write_v caesarij_fw-la that_o he_o profess_v not_o external_o his_o impiety_n with_o the_o courage_n that_o other_o persecutor_n his_o predecessor_n be_v wont_a to_o do_v neither_o do_v he_o oppose_v himself_o against_o our_o faith_n like_o a_o emperor_n that_o will_v gain_v honour_n in_o show_v his_o might_n and_o power_n by_o open_a oppression_n of_o the_o catholyk_n but_o make_v war_n upon_o they_o in_o a_o cowardly_a and_o base_a manner_n cover_v
and_o for_o the_o constant_a profession_n of_o the_o christian_a faith_n he_o receive_v a_o glorious_a crown_n of_o martyrdom_n catholyk_n wherein_o may_v be_v note_v by_o the_o way_n how_o it_o please_v almighty_a god_n of_o his_o divine_a providence_n to_o give_v we_o in_o our_o first_o martyr_n such_o a_o notable_a example_n of_o christian_a fortitude_n &_o charity_n in_o harbour_v a_o persecute_a priest_n and_o save_v his_o life_n with_o the_o loss_n of_o his_o own_o to_o the_o end_n that_o in_o the_o like_a case_n and_o occasion_n which_o now_o daily_o occur_v no_o terror_n of_o temporal_a law_n nor_o pretence_n of_o treason_n may_v withhold_v we_o from_o use_v the_o like_a charity_n towards_o the_o priest_n of_o god_n whereto_o our_o saviour_n christ_n also_o invit_v and_o incowrage_v we_o with_o promise_n of_o great_a reward_n say_v he_o which_o receive_v a_o prophet_n in_o the_o name_n of_o a_o prophet_n 10._o shall_v have_v the_o reward_n of_o a_o prophet_n and_o he_o which_o receive_v a_o just_a man_n in_o the_o name_n of_o a_o just_a man_n shall_v have_v the_o reward_n of_o a_o just_a man_n but_o if_o we_o consider_v the_o proceed_n of_o the_o persecutor_n in_o those_o day_n now_o we_o shall_v find_v that_o the_o christian_n be_v not_o only_o persecute_v as_o traitor_n and_o in_o the_o same_o manner_n but_o also_o for_o the_o same_o point_n of_o religion_n that_o we_o be_v persecute_v now_o whereof_o i_o will_v brief_o represent_v unto_o thou_o good_a reader_n a_o evident_a example_n to_o the_o end_n thou_o may_v the_o better_o judge_n whether_o we_o die_v for_o religion_n or_o no_o or_o whether_o there_o be_v any_o difference_n betwixt_o the_o martyrdom_n of_o the_o old_a christian_n and_o of_o the_o catholykes_n at_o this_o day_n februa_n we_o read_v in_o the_o ancient_a and_o publyk_n record_v of_o the_o act_n of_o the_o proconsul_n of_o africa_n under_o dioclesian_n dioclesian_n and_o maxiâ—ian_a emperor_n under_o who_o saint_n alban_n be_v martyr_v that_o they_o make_v a_o edict_n wherein_o among_o other_o thing_n they_o forbid_v upon_o pain_n of_o death_n the_o bless_a sacrifice_n of_o the_o mass_n which_o be_v call_v dominicum_fw-la in_o the_o say_v record_n 1._o &_o therefore_o dominicum_fw-la agere_fw-la or_o celebrare_fw-la be_v understand_v there_o to_o celebrate_v mass_n 3._o and_o if_o our_o adversary_n marvel_v what_o warrant_v i_o have_v so_o to_o expound_v it_o they_o shall_v understand_v that_o this_o word_n mass_n in_o english_a 81_o &_o missa_fw-la in_o latin_a use_v by_o ancient_a counsel_n and_o father_n above_o 1200._o year_n ago_o 33._o and_o derive_v of_o the_o hebrew_n word_n missah_n which_o signify_v a_o voluntary_a sacrifice_n or_o oblation_n have_v divers_a other_o name_n in_o the_o anâ—â—ent_a father_n as_o in_o the_o greek_n liturgia_fw-la tremenda_fw-la misteria_fw-la oratione_fw-la &_o crificium_fw-la tremendum_fw-la and_o in_o the_o latin_n solemnia_fw-la ablatio_fw-la per_fw-la saâ—â—rdotem_fw-la cena_fw-la domini_fw-la and_o to_o omit_v diverse_a other_o more_o ordinaâ—â—_n dominicum_fw-la as_o appear_z in_o saint_n cyprian_n who_o speak_v of_o the_o sacrifice_n offer_v at_o the_o altar_n in_o remembrance_n and_o representation_n of_o the_o passion_n of_o christ_n which_o we_o call_v the_o sacrifice_n of_o the_o mass_n term_v it_o sometime_o 63._o sacrificium_fw-la quod_fw-la christus_fw-la obtulit_fw-la sometime_o ipsum_fw-la nostra_fw-la redemptionis_fw-la sacramentum_fw-la ibidem_fw-la etc._n etc._n sometime_o only_a dominicum_fw-la say_v nunquid_fw-la post_fw-la caenam_fw-la dominicum_fw-la celebramus_fw-la that_o be_v to_o say_v do_v we_o offer_v the_o sacrifice_n of_o the_o body_n of_o our_o lord_n or_o do_v we_o say_v mass_n after_o supper_n and_o this_o be_v evident_a by_o all_o his_o discourse_n in_o that_o epistle_n where_o he_o treat_v principal_o of_o the_o bless_a sacrifice_n and_o say_v that_o christ_n be_v buius_fw-la sacrificij_fw-la author_n &_o doctor_n the_o author_n and_o teacher_n of_o this_o sacrifice_n and_o that_o the_o priest_n represent_v the_o person_n of_o christ_n do_v offer_v sacrificium_fw-la verum_fw-la &_o plenum_fw-la a_o true_a and_o full_a sacrifice_n mass_n this_o then_o be_v presuposed_a it_o be_v to_o be_v understand_v that_o certain_a devout_a christian_n in_o africa_n be_v secret_o assemble_v at_o mass_n be_v take_v and_o bring_v before_o the_o proconsul_n anulinus_n who_o examine_v they_o begin_v with_o fair_a word_n to_o persuade_v they_o to_o have_v care_n of_o their_o life_n and_o to_o obey_v the_o commandment_n of_o the_o emperor_n they_o answer_v mass_n spem_fw-la salutemque_fw-la christianorum_fw-la dominicum_fw-la esse_fw-la that_o the_o mass_n be_v the_o hope_n and_o salvation_n of_o christian_n and_o that_o therefore_o they_o can_v not_o forgo_v it_o upon_o which_o confession_n they_o be_v condemn_v to_o death_n &_o among_o rest_n there_o be_v one_o emeritus_n in_o who_o house_n mass_n have_v be_v celebrate_v to_o who_o the_o proconsul_n say_v be_v the_o assembly_n make_v in_o thy_o house_n contrary_a to_o the_o commandment_n of_o the_o emperor_n he_o answer_v yea_o why_o do_v thou_o say_v the_o proconsul_n suffer_v it_o i_o can_v quoth_v he_o do_v no_o less_o for_o that_o they_o be_v my_o brethren_n yea_o but_o thou_o ought_v to_o have_v hinder_v it_o say_v the_o proconsul_n i_o can_v not_o say_v the_o other_o for_o we_o that_o be_v christian_n sine_fw-la dominico_n esse_fw-la non_fw-la possumus_fw-la can_v be_v without_o mass_n as_o though_o say_v the_o proconcul_n thou_o be_v not_o bind_v to_o obey_v the_o edict_n of_o the_o emperor_n god_n say_v the_o martyr_n be_v great_a than_o the_o emperor_n and_o aught_o more_o to_o be_v obey_v where_o upon_o he_o be_v condemn_v and_o execute_v as_o the_o rest_n here_o now_o i_o ask_v our_o adversary_n whether_o these_o man_n be_v put_v to_o death_n for_o religion_n or_o no_o and_o whether_o it_o fare_v not_o even_o so_o with_o we_o at_o this_o day_n as_o than_o it_o do_v with_o they_o for_o although_o the_o mass_n be_v not_o now_o make_v treason_n but_o a_o money_n matter_n yet_o by_o a_o certain_a consequent_a consequence_n it_o be_v draw_v within_o the_o compass_n of_o treason_n for_o it_o can_v be_v celebrate_v without_o a_o priest_n the_o receive_n of_o who_o be_v treason_n i_o mean_v a_o seminary_n priest_n there_o be_v now_o so_o few_o other_o in_o england_n if_o there_o be_v any_o at_o all_o that_o the_o catholykes_n must_v either_o receive_v they_o with_o danger_n of_o their_o life_n or_o lack_v the_o necessary_a food_n of_o their_o soul_n which_o they_o hold_v more_o dear_a than_o life_n as_o the_o old_a christian_n also_o do_v but_o let_v we_o compare_v brief_o the_o proceed_n of_o the_o persecutor_n in_o those_o time_n and_o these_o engl._n in_o the_o examination_n of_o those_o christian_n the_o old_a persecutor_n will_v not_o content_v themselves_o with_o their_o confession_n that_o they_o be_v christian_n &_o so_o put_v they_o to_o death_n for_o their_o religion_n but_o seek_v to_o bring_v they_o within_o the_o compass_n of_o their_o statute_n we_o ask_v you_o not_o say_v they_o whether_o you_o be_v christian_n but_o whether_o you_o have_v hard_a mass_n contrary_a to_o the_o commandment_n of_o the_o emperor_n the_o like_a be_v do_v now_o with_o we_o for_o it_o suffice_v not_o our_o persecutor_n that_o we_o confess_v our_o religion_n as_o that_o we_o be_v catholykes_n but_o they_o examine_v we_o whether_o we_o have_v hear_v mass_n whether_o we_o have_v be_v reconcyle_v by_o a_o priest_n or_o whether_o the_o queen_n be_v supreme_a head_n of_o the_o church_n and_o such_o like_a thereby_o to_o draw_v we_o within_o the_o compass_n of_o the_o law_n that_o they_o may_v put_v we_o to_o death_n under_o colour_n of_o treason_n furthermore_o the_o old_a christian_n say_v for_o their_o just_a defence_n now_o that_o they_o be_v christian_n can_v not_o be_v without_o mass_n and_o we_o now_o say_v the_o same_o &_o that_o we_o can_v forgo_v absolution_n of_o our_o sin_n nor_o other_o spiritual_a comfort_n to_o be_v receive_v at_o the_o hand_n of_o priest_n only_o to_o this_o our_o persecutor_n reply_v as_o the_o other_o do_v that_o it_o be_v against_o the_o law_n and_o statute_n of_o her_o majesty_n 5._o we_o answer_v with_o the_o old_a christian_n god_n be_v above_o all_o king_n and_o his_o law_n above_o all_o law_n et_fw-la portet_fw-la magis_fw-la obedire_fw-la deo_fw-la quam_fw-la hominibus_fw-la we_o must_v rather_o obey_v god_n then_o man_n nevertheless_o we_o be_v condemn_v for_o disobedience_n to_o the_o law_n as_o the_o old_a christian_n be_v and_o die_v they_o for_o religion_n and_o not_o we_o now_o be_v they_o martyr_n and_o not_o we_o be_v their_o enemy_n persecuter_n of_o god_n church_n &_o not_o we_o the_o cause_n be_v one_o &_o the_o self_n same_o the_o proceed_n like_o no_o difference_n in_o the_o issue_n breach_n of_o law_n and_o treason_n be_v pretend_v but_o
religion_n condemn_v and_o therefore_o as_o the_o whole_a church_n have_v hitherto_o hold_v and_o honour_v those_o old_a christian_n for_o glorious_a martyr_n now_o so_o do_v it_o now_o at_o this_o day_n and_o ever_o will_v esteem_v these_o other_o for_o no_o less_o as_o i_o have_v show_v in_o my_o apology_n more_o at_o large_a and_o therefore_o i_o will_v proceed_v to_o speak_v a_o word_n or_o two_o of_o the_o great_a injustice_n do_v since_o my_o apology_n be_v write_v to_o two_o priest_n call_v m._n hunt_v and_o m._n sprat_n condemn_v and_o excute_v at_o lincoln_n in_o the_o year_n 1600._o 1600._o these_o two_o be_v take_v in_o a_o search_n and_o confess_v themselves_o only_a to_o be_v catholykes_n be_v first_o imprison_v and_o then_o short_o after_o indict_v for_o have_v conspire_v and_o practise_v the_o death_n of_o her_o majesty_n move_v her_o subject_n to_o rebelion_n withdraw_v they_o from_o their_o natural_a and_o due_a obedience_n and_o from_o the_o religion_n now_o establish_v in_o england_n to_o the_o roman_a faith_n and_o final_o for_o have_v maintain_v the_o authority_n of_o the_o pope_n of_o all_o which_o point_n no_o one_o touch_v matter_n of_o state_n be_v prove_v against_o they_o no_o witness_n be_v produce_v nor_o so_o much_o as_o the_o least_o presumption_n of_o any_o attempt_n or_o conspiracy_n against_o her_o majesty_n person_n or_o state_n or_o that_o rhey_n have_v persuade_v any_o man_n to_o the_o catholyk_n religion_n ot_fw-mi say_v any_o thing_n in_o favour_n of_o the_o pope_n authority_n more_o than_o that_o which_o they_o answer_v to_o the_o captious_a question_n of_o the_o queen_n supremacy_n demand_v of_o they_o there_o after_o their_o apprehension_n last_o it_o be_v not_o so_o much_o as_o prove_v that_o they_o be_v priest_n which_o though_o they_o deny_v not_o yet_o they_o do_v not_o confess_v but_o put_v it_o to_o trial_n urge_v to_o have_v it_o prove_v by_o witness_n or_o other_o sufficient_a argument_n whereas_o there_o be_v none_o at_o all_o but_o light_a presumtion_n thereof_o as_o that_o there_o be_v find_v in_o their_o male_n two_o breviares_fw-la which_o many_o lay_v man_n use_v as_o well_o as_o priest_n and_o a_o few_o relic_n and_o some_o holy_a oil_n which_o they_o may_v have_v carry_v for_o other_o man_n use_n &_o not_o their_o own_o so_o that_o to_o conclude_v of_o all_o those_o great_a treason_n whereof_o they_o be_v indict_v there_o be_v no_o one_o prove_v except_o the_o matter_n of_o the_o queen_n supremacy_n which_o be_v a_o mere_a point_n of_o religion_n as_o i_o be_o sure_a the_o puritan_n in_o england_n and_o all_o other_o heretic_n abroad_o will_v witness_v with_o we_o who_o impugn_v the_o same_o as_o well_o as_o we_o and_o yet_o neither_o by_o the_o verdict_n of_o the_o jury_n nor_o yet_o by_o the_o sentence_n of_o the_o judge_n be_v they_o clear_v of_o any_o one_o point_n but_o condemn_v for_o all_o as_o though_o they_o have_v be_v guilty_a of_o all_o and_o so_o in_o truth_n execute_v for_o matter_n of_o religion_n though_o slander_v with_o matter_n of_o state_n whereby_o their_o martyrdom_n be_v far_o more_o glorious_a the_o malice_n of_o our_o adversary_n more_o manifest_a the_o injury_n do_v unto_o they_o unexcusable_a the_o sin_n of_o the_o judge_n and_o jury_n most_o execrable_a which_o sufficient_o appear_v by_o the_o justice_n of_o god_n extend_v upon_o judge_n glanduile_v who_o have_v show_v a_o extraordinary_a malice_n and_o fury_n against_o they_o god_n and_o be_v therefore_o as_o well_o may_v be_v presume_v within_o a_o few_o day_n after_o strike_v by_o the_o hand_n of_o god_n in_o such_o miraculous_a manner_n as_o the_o rest_n may_v take_v example_n thereby_o if_o their_o heart_n be_v not_o indurat_fw-la and_o besides_o these_o late_a martyr_n before_o rehearse_v m._n tichborne_n m._n fr._n page_n and_o m._n r._n watkinson_n be_v arraign_v &_o condemn_v at_o london_n for_o be_v make_v priest_n beyond_o the_o sea_n and_o come_v into_o england_n contrary_a to_o the_o statute_n &_o be_v execute_v at_o tyburn_n the_o 20._o of_o april_n this_o present_a year_n 1602._o be_v there_o not_o suffer_v to_o declare_v the_o truth_n of_o their_o cause_n and_o sufferance_n and_o this_o be_v do_v even_o at_o such_o time_n as_o hope_n be_v both_o give_v and_o conceive_v of_o a_o more_o mild_a course_n of_o proceed_v towards_o catholykes_n then_o heretofore_o it_o be_v most_o grievous_a to_o consider_v how_o m._n tichborne_n by_o one_o of_o his_o own_o cote_n be_v betray_v and_o apprehend_v almighty_a god_n vouchsafe_v to_o restore_v to_o that_o wretched_a man_n so_o great_a grace_n as_o he_o fall_v from_o in_o the_o do_n of_o that_o act_n m._n page_n and_o m._n watkinson_n be_v apprehend_v in_o the_o time_n of_o the_o session_n the_o one_o by_o a_o wicked_a woman_n suborn_v to_o dissemble_v religion_n for_o such_o purpose_n the_o other_o by_o one_o bomer_n who_o have_v late_o before_o play_v the_o dissemble_a hypocrite_n &_o spy_n at_o douai_n return_v into_o england_n there_o to_o become_v the_o disciple_n of_o his_o master_n judas_n at_o the_o same_o session_n be_v condemn_v for_o felony_n and_o also_o execute_v one_o james_n ducket_n a_o catholyke_o lie_v man_n and_o another_o lay_v man_n with_o he_o about_o a_o treatise_n write_v by_o a_o martyr_n diverse_a year_n since_o concern_v the_o cause_n of_o catholic_a sufferer_n of_o the_o impudency_n of_o a_o minister_n who_o be_v present_a at_o the_o death_n of_o two_o martyr_n aforesaid_a affirm_v publyk_o that_o our_o country_n be_v convert_v by_o saint_n augustin_n the_o monk_n to_o the_o protestant_n religion_n by_o occasion_n whereof_o the_o truth_n of_o the_o point_n be_v evident_o declare_v chap._n four_o â—inister_n i_o can_v not_o omit_v to_o say_v somewhat_o here_o of_o the_o notable_a impudence_n of_o a_o foolish_a minister_n who_o be_v present_a at_o the_o death_n of_o the_o two_o martyr_n at_o lincoln_n aforenamed_a and_o hear_v one_o of_o they_o declare_v unto_o the_o people_n his_o innocency_n protest_v among_o other_o thing_n that_o he_o die_v only_o for_o the_o profession_n of_o the_o catholic_a faith_n to_o the_o which_o our_o country_n be_v convert_v from_o paganism_n in_o the_o time_n of_o pope_n gregory_n the_o great_a be_v not_o ashamed_a to_o say_v publyk_o that_o the_o religion_n now_o teach_v &_o preach_v there_o be_v the_o same_o whereto_o england_n be_v first_o convert_v and_o although_o i_o hold_v not_o this_o minister_n for_o a_o man_n of_o that_o worth_a that_o he_o may_v merit_v my_o labour_n or_o any_o man_n else_o serious_o to_o confute_v his_o idle_a babble_n yet_o for_o as_o much_o as_o the_o same_o have_v be_v oft_o publish_v and_o preach_v by_o many_o other_o and_o many_o ignorant_a abuse_v thereby_o and_o see_v the_o narration_n of_o our_o first_o conversion_n may_v no_o less_o profit_n and_o edify_v the_o unlearned_a reader_n with_o the_o testimony_n of_o the_o truth_n then_o content_a and_o delyte_n he_o for_o the_o pleasure_n of_o the_o history_n i_o will_v brief_o treat_v first_o of_o the_o conversion_n of_o the_o saxon_n or_o english_a in_o the_o time_n of_o king_n edelbert_n and_o after_o of_o the_o conversion_n of_o the_o britain_n in_o the_o time_n of_o king_n lucius_n &_o evident_o prove_v that_o our_o catholic_a faith_n be_v preach_v and_o plant_v in_o our_o country_n at_o both_o time_n and_o that_o our_o king_n and_o country_n continue_v ever_o after_o the_o latter_a conversion_n in_o the_o obedience_n of_o the_o church_n of_o rome_n until_o the_o time_n of_o k._n henry_n the_o eight_o it_o appear_v by_o our_o chronicle_n and_o history_n that_o in_o the_o year_n of_o our_o lord_n 582._o according_a to_o s._n bede_n computation_n s._n gregory_n surname_v the_o great_a the_o first_o of_o that_o name_n 23._o send_v into_o england_n saint_n augustin_n a_o monk_n with_o diverse_a other_o of_o his_o profession_n to_o preach_v the_o christian_n faith_n to_o the_o english_a and_o that_o they_o come_v thither_o bear_v a_o silver_n cross_v for_o their_o banner_n and_o the_o image_n of_o our_o lord_n and_o saviour_n as_o saint_n bede_n say_v paint_v in_o a_o table_n and_o have_v leave_n of_o king_n edelbert_n to_o preach_v to_o his_o subject_n begin_v first_o the_o exercise_n of_o christian_a catholyk_n religion_n in_o the_o city_n of_o canterbury_n in_o a_o ancient_a chutch_n which_o they_o find_v there_o dedicate_v to_o s._n martin_n from_o the_o time_n that_o the_o roman_n live_v there_o in_o which_o church_n 26._o ipsi_fw-la primo_fw-la say_v saint_n bede_n conveâ—ire_v psaâ—lâ—re_o orare_fw-la missas_fw-la facere_fw-la praedicare_fw-la &_o baptizare_fw-la coeperunt_fw-la they_o first_o begin_v to_o assemble_v themselves_o to_o sing_v to_o pray_v to_o say_v mass_n to_o preach_v and_o baptise_v until_o the_o king_n be_v convert_v they_o have_v â—eave_v to_o buyld_v some_o church_n and_o