Selected quad for the lemma: cause_n

Word A	Word B	Word C	Word D	Occurrence	Frequency Band	MI	MI Band	Prominent
cause_n	army_n	great_a	king_n	2,073	5	3.6840	3	true

Text snippets containing the quad

ID	Title	Author	Corrected Date of Publication (TCP Date of Publication)	STC	Words	Pages
A52346	An embassy from the East-India Company of the United Provinces, to the Grand Tartar Cham, Emperor of China deliver'd by their excellencies, Peter de Goyer and Jacob de Keyzer, at his imperial city of Peking : wherein the cities, towns, villages, ports, rivers, &c. in their passages from Canton to Peking are ingeniously describ'd / by Mr. John Nieuhoff ... ; also an epistle of Father John Adams their antagonist, concerning the whole negotiation ; with an appendix of several remarks taken out of Father Athanasius Kircher ; English'd, and set forth with their several sculptures, by John Ogilby Esq. ...; Gezantschap der Neerlandtsche Oost-Indische Compagnie aan den grooten Tartarischen Cham, den tegenwoordigen keizer van China. English	Nieuhof, Johannes, 1618-1672.; Goyer, Pieter de.; Keizer, Jacob de.; Kircher, Athanasius, 1602-1680. China monumentis. Selections. English.; Ogilby, John, 1600-1676.; Schall von Bell, Johann Adam, 1592?-1666.; Nederlandsche Oost-Indische Compagnie.	1673 (1673)	Wing N1153; ESTC R3880	438,428	416

fight_n furious_o assail_v the_o corean_o in_o their_o station_n so_o that_o there_o begin_v a_o bloody_a battle_n but_o both_o army_n be_v hardly_o engage_v before_o the_o valiant_a maovenlung_n come_v up_o with_o he_o and_o fall_v like_o lightning_n into_o the_o rear_n of_o the_o tartar_n who_o now_o find_v themselves_o beset_v before_o and_o behind_o with_o two_o such_o potent_a army_n and_o no_o other_o way_n for_o safety_n or_o escape_n than_o what_o their_o zable_n can_v cut_v out_o for_o they_o resolve_v not_o to_o part_v with_o their_o life_n at_o a_o cheap_a rate_n and_o spur_v on_o by_o despair_n they_o fight_v without_o any_o fear_n every_o one_o endeavour_v to_o exceed_v the_o other_o in_o valour_n and_o courage_n so_o that_o in_o the_o very_a write_n of_o the_o chinese_n they_o be_v extol_v say_v there_o be_v never_o the_o like_a battle_n fight_v between_o they_o but_o that_o which_o be_v chief_o to_o be_v admire_v be_v that_o of_o three_o so_o great_a army_n none_o obtain_v the_o victory_n but_o be_v all_o of_o they_o almost_o total_o ruin_v and_o destroy_v there_o be_v kill_v fifty_o thousand_o man_n on_o the_o side_n of_o the_o tartar_n those_o of_o corea_n have_v seventy_o thousand_o slain_n but_o the_o loss_n of_o the_o chineses_n be_v so_o great_a that_o few_o or_o none_o escape_v those_o of_o the_o tartar_n that_o survive_v make_v their_o way_n home_o into_o their_o own_o country_n as_o fast_o as_o they_o can_v by_o which_o mean_v the_o king_n of_o corea_n have_v the_o opportunity_n of_o recover_v his_o country_n again_o the_o tartar_n have_v sustain_v so_o great_a a_o overthrow_n be_v very_o careful_a afterward_o how_o they_o provoke_v the_o inhabitant_n of_o corea_n yet_o still_o they_o continue_v to_o make_v several_a inroad_n into_o the_o province_n of_o leaotung_n till_o at_o last_o they_o whole_o subdue_v the_o eastern_a part_n and_o plunder_v the_o remainder_n thereof_o but_o this_o be_v do_v by_o fit_n and_o at_o several_a time_n for_o they_o never_o dare_v venture_v to_o seat_v themselves_o there_o nay_o they_o pay_v oftentimes_o very_o dear_a for_o their_o robbery_n while_o affair_n stand_v in_o this_o posture_n the_o emperor_n of_o china_n who_o name_n be_v zungchinius_n send_v his_o general_n yvenus_n with_o a_o strong_a army_n and_o a_o large_a commission_n towards_o leaotung_n have_v also_o private_a instruction_n to_o conclude_v a_o peace_n with_o the_o tartar_n if_o they_o will_v agree_v to_o it_o but_o if_o they_o refuse_v then_o forthwith_o to_o make_v a_o sharp_a war_n upon_o they_o and_o to_o say_v truth_n he_o be_v necessitate_v to_o make_v this_o proposition_n for_o that_o his_o whole_a empire_n be_v as_o it_o be_v overspread_v with_o highwayman_n and_o robber_n so_o that_o he_o stand_v in_o great_a fear_n of_o they_o for_o their_o number_n daily_o so_o increase_v that_o if_o they_o shall_v once_o join_v into_o one_o body_n it_o will_v be_v no_o difficult_a matter_n for_o they_o to_o make_v themselves_o master_n of_o the_o kingdom_n this_o yvenus_n upon_o who_o the_o emperor_n have_v confer_v such_o high_a and_o ample_a authority_n be_v a_o perfect_a courtier_n of_o a_o affable_a and_o free_a speech_n and_o one_o that_o know_v very_o well_o how_o to_o use_v his_o pen_n with_o so_o much_o advantage_n and_o ingenuity_n that_o there_o be_v hardly_o any_o one_o in_o the_o court_n to_o be_v compare_v with_o he_o by_o these_o singular_a perfection_n he_o have_v win_v not_o only_o the_o heart_n of_o the_o emperor_n but_o of_o all_o the_o grandee_n so_o that_o the_o management_n of_o all_o affair_n be_v whole_o leave_v to_o he_o but_o here_o it_o must_v be_v observe_v that_o he_o be_v insatiable_o covetous_a of_o wealth_n and_o consequent_o for_o obtain_v thereof_o stick_v not_o to_o perpetrate_v any_o clandestine_v mischief_n otherwise_o by_o his_o more_o than_o common_a part_n he_o may_v undoubted_o have_v do_v extraordinary_a service_n both_o to_o his_o prince_n and_o country_n but_o neither_o the_o greatness_n of_o the_o trust_v repose_v in_o he_o nor_o the_o love_n of_o his_o country_n be_v in_o any_o measure_n answerable_a to_o his_o thirst_n after_o riches_n unde_fw-la habeat_fw-la quaerat_fw-la nemo_fw-la sed_fw-la oportet_fw-la habere_fw-la of_o which_o avaricious_a temper_n of_o his_o the_o tartar_n have_v information_n and_o look_v upon_o he_o as_o a_o fit_a instrument_n to_o be_v employ_v in_o their_o design_n they_o never_o leave_v send_v to_o he_o extraordinary_a present_n accompany_v with_o large_a promise_n of_o the_o most_o eminent_a preferment_n with_o which_o bait_n be_v take_v he_o contract_a friendship_n with_o they_o promise_v to_o give_v they_o his_o assistance_n when_o it_o shall_v lie_v in_o his_o power_n and_o as_o the_o first_o proof_n of_o his_o friendship_n to_o they_o through_o the_o cunning_a instigation_n of_o the_o tartar_n he_o undertake_v private_o to_o murder_v the_o valiant_a and_o faithful_a commander_n mao●enlung_v of_o who_o the_o tartar_n stand_v in_o great_a fear_n and_o awe_n which_o he_o according_o effect_v with_o great_a secrecy_n by_o invite_v he_o to_o dinner_n and_o poison_v he_o with_o a_o cup_n of_o drink_n which_o he_o cause_v to_o be_v give_v he_o at_o the_o table_n have_v thus_o clandestine_o accomplish_v this_o his_o monstrous_a undertake_n he_o conclude_v a_o peace_n with_o the_o tartar_n upon_o most_o dishonourable_a and_o disadvantageous_a term_n for_o his_o prince_n who_o no_o soon_o read_v the_o same_o but_o he_o refuse_v to_o observe_v and_o ratify_v they_o yvenus_n conscious_a of_o what_o he_o have_v do_v and_o well_o see_v that_o upon_o the_o make_n good_a of_o this_o treaty_n of_o peace_n his_o honour_n and_o authority_n depend_v advise_v the_o tartar_n to_o force_v the_o emperor_n his_o natural_a ●ord_n to_o the_o observation_n thereof_o by_o force_n of_o arm_n whereupon_o in_o the_o year_n 1630._o upon_o his_o promise_n not_o to_o oppose_v they_o in_o the_o least_o if_o they_o will_v make_v a_o invasion_n in_o some_o other_o part_n of_o the_o empire_n where_o he_o have_v no_o command_n this_o treacherous_a advice_n be_v no_o soon_o give_v than_o accept_v and_o put_v in_o execution_n for_o the_o tartar_n doubt_v so_o little_a of_o the_o promise_n of_o yvenus_n by_o reason_n of_o his_o extraordinary_a covetousness_n that_o without_o take_v any_o further_a counsel_n they_o pour_v their_o force_n into_o the_o province_n of_o peking_n plunder_v all_o place_n where_o they_o come_v and_o lay_v the_o same_o afterward_o in_o ash_n and_o at_o last_o so_o be_v their_o courage_n or_o rather_o fury_n heighten_v that_o they_o lay_v siege_n to_o the_o imperial_a city_n of_o peking_n at_o who_o approach_n it_o be_v no_o marvel_n if_o the_o confusion_n and_o amazement_n be_v great_a not_o only_o among_o the_o citizen_n but_o also_o among_o the_o rix-counsellor_n who_o in_o this_o dangerous_a vicissitude_n of_o affair_n earnest_o advise_v the_o emperor_n to_o leave_v the_o city_n and_o to_o retire_v to_o the_o southern_a province_n but_o he_o will_v by_o no_o mean_n hearken_v to_o their_o counsel_n say_v that_o he_o will_v rather_o be_v cut_v in_o a_o thousand_o piece_n than_o that_o it_o shall_v be_v say_v he_o flee_v for_o fear_n of_o the_o tartar_n wherefore_o both_o as_o a_o valiant_a soldier_n and_o careful_a prince_n he_o immediate_o give_v order_n to_o his_o commander_n not_o to_o suffer_v any_o to_o depart_v out_o of_o the_o city_n upon_o pain_n of_o death_n but_o that_o they_o shall_v incite_v and_o stir_v up_o all_o the_o people_n to_o a_o courageous_a defence_n while_o this_o be_v do_v within_o the_o tartar_n without_o begin_v to_o storm_n the_o city_n but_o be_v beat_v off_o with_o great_a loss_n upon_o several_a attempt_n so_o that_o they_o conclude_v to_o continue_v the_o siege_n with_o more_o moderation_n and_o rather_o endeavour_v to_o take_v it_o by_o famine_n than_o hazard_v the_o weaken_n of_o their_o army_n by_o such_o fruitless_a and_o unsuccessful_a assault_n at_o length_n by_o advice_n of_o his_o council_n the_o emperor_n send_v for_o yvenus_n to_o come_v to_o his_o assistance_n and_o relief_n with_o the_o army_n under_o his_o command_n for_o as_o yet_o his_o treachery_n be_v not_o discover_v who_o upon_o the_o first_o intelligence_n to_o prevent_v the_o emperor_n from_o have_v any_o suspicion_n of_o he_o come_v with_o his_o army_n under_o the_o wall_n of_o peking_n but_o keep_v at_o a_o great_a distance_n from_o that_o of_o the_o besieger_n neither_o show_v he_o any_o hostility_n against_o they_o but_o in_o stead_n thereof_o advise_v the_o emperor_n to_o the_o observation_n of_o the_o term_n upon_o which_o the_o treaty_n of_o peace_n the_o cause_n of_o this_o war_n have_v begin_v and_o this_o he_o strong_o labour_v to_o persuade_v he_o to_o not_o only_o to_o prevent_v the_o discovery_n of_o the_o treason_n but_o that_o so_o he_o may_v

one_o i_o say_v who_o right_o understand_v what_o i_o have_v above_o relate_v concern_v the_o voyage_n of_o st._n thomas_n the_o apostle_n which_o be_v at_o large_a handle_v by_o osorius_n bishop_n of_o sylva_n who_o have_v elegant_o compile_v the_o indian_a history_n whence_o from_o these_o region_n even_o now_o declare_v viz._n from_o cabul_n caphurstan_n tibet_n and_o mogul_n he_o may_v easy_o by_o the_o bishop_n his_o successor_n propagate_v the_o sacred_a gospel_n of_o christ_n into_o the_o remote_a province_n and_o kingdom_n to_o the_o utmost_a bound_n of_o tartary_n this_o ortelius_n open_o confirm_v who_o say_v that_o the_o kingdom_n of_o archon_n situate_v in_o the_o utmost_a angle_n or_o corner_n of_o the_o north_n be_v convert_v unto_o the_o christian_a faith_n by_o st._n thomas_n you_o must_v understand_v it_o of_o of_o his_o successor_n so_o that_o by_o this_o account_n there_o be_v no_o part_n or_o corner_n of_o the_o world_n which_o have_v not_o be_v fill_v with_o the_o light_n of_o the_o gospel_n by_o his_o care_n and_o diligence_n nicephorus_n also_o relate_v in_o his_o second_o book_n chap._n 39_o that_o st._n philip_n preach_v the_o gospel_n in_o the_o upper_a asia_n now_o the_o upper_a asia_n be_v nothing_o else_o but_o that_o vast_a space_n of_o asia_n minor_n which_o the_o ancient_n call_v by_o the_o name_n of_o scythia_n on_o this_o side_n and_o beyond_o imaus_n and_o they_o be_v all_o those_o region_n which_o be_v comprehend_v in_o the_o extreme_a limit_n of_o the_o eastern_a sea_n and_o about_o the_o caspian_a sea_n as_o georgia_n iberia_n albanior_fw-la micrelia_n armenia_n and_o part_n of_o the_o transmarine_a asiatic_a tartary_n from_o whence_o in_o course_n of_o time_n the_o gospel_n of_o our_o saviour_n by_o a_o far_o sprout_v be_v transplant_v into_o all_o the_o circumjacent_a kingdom_n as_o thebet_n indostan_n tanchut_v and_o the_o like_a chrysostome_n say_v that_o st._n bartholomew_n instruct_v the_o people_n of_o the_o great_a armenia_n in_o the_o christian_a faith_n sophrinus_fw-la say_v that_o he_o teach_v the_o albanian_o and_o origen_n that_o he_o preach_v to_o the_o hithermost_a indian_n panthenus_n a_o christian_a philosopher_n say_v that_o when_o he_o travel_v to_o the_o indian_n he_o find_v christianity_n yet_o flourish_v by_o the_o preach_a of_o st._n bartholomew_n he_o that_o be_v curious_a to_o know_v more_o concern_v this_o let_v he_o have_v recourse_n unto_o the_o history_n of_o the_o armenian_n which_o they_o call_v giarrentir_n that_o be_v a_o book_n of_o relation_n which_o clemens_n galanus_n a_o canon_n regular_n who_o spend_v many_o year_n in_o armenia_n georgia_n and_o the_o other_o region_n of_o colchis_n to_o propagate_v the_o christian_a faith_n here_o publish_v at_o rome_n first_o of_o all_o therefore_o the_o christian_a faith_n be_v introduce_v into_o the_o forementioned_a kingdom_n by_o the_o apostle_n thomas_n philip_n and_o bartholomew_n which_o afterward_o in_o course_n of_o time_n be_v propagate_v and_o cultivate_v by_o their_o successor_n very_o holy_a man_n and_o illuminate_v with_o the_o holy_a spirit_n diffuse_v and_o spread_v the_o light_n of_o the_o divine_a law_n throughout_o the_o whole_a east_n unto_o the_o great_a advantage_n of_o soul_n until_o by_o the_o want_n of_o laborer_n the_o people_n follow_v a_o more_o dissolute_a and_o ill_a mode_n of_o life_n degenerate_v from_o the_o rectitude_n of_o faith_n 〈◊〉_d and_o also_o blemish_v and_o bespot_v with_o the_o rite_n of_o the_o gentile_n altogether_o fall_v off_o from_o the_o true_a way_n for_o anno_fw-la 400._o when_o by_o the_o instigation_n of_o satan_n the_o curse_a arrius_n nestorius_n dioscurus_n and_o other_o heretic_n but_o especial_o the_o nestorian_n have_v every_o where_o spread_v their_o damnable_a opinion_n and_o in_o a_o horrid_a manner_n weaken_v the_o orthodox_n faith_n of_o christ_n above_o all_o other_o part_v it_o infect_v with_o the_o venom_n of_o its_o pestiferous_a doctrine_n colchis_n armenia_n persia_n turchestan_n and_o the_o utmost_a bound_n of_o the_o asiatic_a tartary_n so_o that_o as_o marcus_n paulus_n and_o haython_n relate_v there_o be_v no_o place_n of_o the_o aforesaid_a region_n which_o it_o have_v not_o defile_v world_n add_v unto_o this_o that_o in_o the_o year_n 632._o or_o thereabouts_o be_v the_o curse_a rise_n of_o the_o incendiary_n of_o the_o world_n mahomet_n who_o swell_a and_o break_v in_o like_o a_o inundation_n over_o a_o great_a portion_n of_o the_o earth_n subject_v the_o same_o to_o his_o most_o unjust_a law_n whence_o it_o come_v to_o pass_v that_o the_o faithful_a christian_n and_o more_o especial_o person_n of_o the_o priestly_a order_n be_v exile_v their_o native_a country_n by_o degree_n forsake_v the_o province_n of_o the_o more_o inward_a part_n of_o of_o asia_n either_o for_o fear_n of_o persecution_n or_o by_o a_o voluntary_a exile_n those_o that_o be_v arm_v with_o a_o zeal_n and_o desire_n to_o the_o house_n of_o god_n be_v inflame_v with_o a_o fervour_n to_o propagate_v the_o ancient_a religion_n of_o the_o orthodox_n faith_n flee_v or_o retire_v into_o china_n itself_o where_o how_o much_o they_o labour_v to_o the_o advantage_n of_o the_o christian_a faith_n be_v plain_o show_v by_o the_o syro-chenesian_a monument_n i_o have_v expound_v above_o now_o as_o nothing_o be_v firm_a and_o solid_a in_o humane_a affair_n so_o also_o the_o faith_n introduce_v into_o the_o forementioned_a region_n now_o fade_v either_o through_o the_o want_n of_o apostolical_a man_n or_o the_o extreme_a degeneration_n of_o christian_n tend_v or_o deflect_v first_o to_o idolatry_n then_o to_o mahumetanism_n anon_o to_o the_o religion_n of_o the_o nestorian_a heretic_n according_a as_o the_o lust_n of_o each_o person_n genius_n lead_v or_o draw_v they_o and_o this_o vicissitude_n or_o alteration_n of_o the_o orthodox_n faith_n sometime_o receive_v and_o sometime_o be_v reject_v continue_v more_o especial_o in_o the_o eastern_a tartary_n unto_o the_o year_n 1252._o in_o which_o as_o haython_n the_o armenian_a relate_v who_o be_v of_o the_o blood-royal_a haython_n king_n of_o armenia_n his_o brother_n reign_v until_o he_o can_v no_o long_o endure_v the_o turkish_a spoiler_n of_o his_o kingdom_n wherefore_o by_o a_o divine_a instinct_n take_v a_o new_a counsel_n and_o go_v in_o his_o own_o person_n unto_o the_o great_a cham_fw-mi emperor_n of_o tartary_n who_o paulus_n venetus_n call_v cublai_n cingischan_n who_o rule_v in_o tartary_n and_o cathay_n both_o to_o make_v a_o league_n against_o the_o saracen_n and_o to_o gain_v the_o favour_n of_o that_o most_o potent_a prince_n for_o the_o confirm_v of_o the_o christian_a commonwealth_n in_o a_o peaceable_a estate_n and_o condition_n after_o a_o tedious_a voyage_n he_o arrive_v at_o almalech_n that_o be_v cambalu_n the_o court_n of_o the_o great_a cham._n the_o great_a cham_n christianity_n or_o cublai_n be_v much_o joy_v at_o his_o come_n receive_v he_o with_o great_a honour_n and_o respect_n as_o he_o deserve_v bestow_v on_o he_o great_a present_n and_o advise_v his_o noble_n to_o follow_v his_o example_n and_o do_v the_o same_o therefore_o when_o king_n haython_n have_v rest_v himself_o some_o week_n after_o the_o toil_n of_o his_o continual_a travel_n he_o address_v himself_o to_o the_o emperor_n and_o with_o much_o strength_n and_o weight_n of_o rational_a argument_n open_v the_o cause_n of_o his_o so_o far_o undertake_v voyage_n the_o emperor_n have_v due_o ponder_v the_o just_a reason_n of_o his_o petition_n and_o great_o admire_v both_o the_o condescension_n of_o the_o king_n person_n in_o expose_v himself_o to_o so_o great_a labour_n and_o danger_n and_o also_o consider_v that_o the_o quiet_a of_o his_o kingdom_n and_o the_o advantage_n or_o interest_n of_o the_o christian_a commonwealth_n be_v very_o much_o concern_v out_o of_o his_o clemency_n promise_v to_o grant_v he_o whatsoever_o he_o shall_v demand_v haython_n accept_v of_o the_o obsequiousness_n of_o so_o free_a a_o offer_n present_v he_o in_o write_v several_a point_n of_o his_o petition_n which_o be_v as_o follow_v 1._o that_o the_o great_a cham_n will_v vouchsafe_v to_o embrace_v the_o christian_a faith_n 2._o that_o a_o perpetual_a league_n of_o friendship_n may_v be_v confirm_v between_o the_o christian_n and_o the_o tartar_n 3._o that_o all_o the_o christian_n both_o ecclesiastic_n and_o laic_n with_o their_o church_n may_v be_v free_a from_o all_o persecution_n and_o enjoy_v the_o immunity_n and_o privilege_n in_o all_o the_o kingdom_n which_o the_o tartar_n have_v subject_v to_o the_o empire_n 4._o that_o he_o shall_v raise_v a_o army_n to_o free_v the_o holy_a sepulchre_n of_o christ_n from_o the_o turkish_a tyranny_n and_o also_o restore_v the_o holy_a land_n possess_v by_o the_o saracen_n into_o the_o hand_n of_o the_o christian_n 5._o that_o he_o shall_v join_v his_o force_n with_o he_o to_o root_v out_o the_o most_o potent_a caliph_n of_o baldach_n 6._o that_o he_o

treat_v of_o the_o same_o subject_a with_o those_o other_o five_o and_o these_o nine_o book_n be_v all_o that_o be_v to_o be_v find_v in_o china_n among_o the_o bookseller_n out_o of_o which_o all_o other_o be_v compose_v and_o certain_o therein_o be_v contain_v most_o excellent_a rule_n and_o direction_n for_o the_o well_o order_v of_o all_o civil_a affair_n and_o such_o as_o have_v prove_v to_o the_o very_a great_a advantage_n of_o the_o empire_n of_o china_n for_o which_o cause_n a_o law_n be_v make_v by_o the_o ancient_a king_n that_o whosoever_o will_v be_v a_o learned_a man_n or_o so_o repute_v must_v extract_v the_o principal_a groundwork_n of_o his_o learning_n from_o these_o book_n nor_o be_v it_o enough_o to_o understand_v the_o true_a meaning_n and_o sense_n of_o the_o same_o but_o he_o must_v likewise_o get_v they_o by_o heart_n and_o be_v able_a to_o repeat_v a_o considerable_a part_n thereof_o if_o he_o will_v be_v think_v to_o have_v arrive_v at_o a_o eminent_a pitch_n of_o learning_n there_o be_v no_o public_a school_n in_o all_o china_n though_o some_o writer_n have_v erroneous_o tell_v we_o the_o contrary_a but_o every_o person_n choose_v his_o own_o master_n by_o who_o he_o be_v teach_v in_o his_o house_n at_o his_o own_o charge_n and_o in_o regard_n of_o the_o great_a difficulty_n in_o teach_v the_o chinese_n character_n in_o respect_n of_o their_o vast_a number_n and_o variety_n it_o be_v impossible_a for_o one_o to_o teach_v many_o several_a person_n and_o therefore_o every_o master_n of_o a_o family_n take_v a_o instructor_n into_o his_o house_n for_o his_o child_n of_o who_o if_o there_o be_v two_o or_o three_o to_o learn_v they_o be_v as_o many_o as_o one_o tutor_n can_v well_o teach_v all_o such_o as_o be_v find_v upon_o examination_n to_o have_v make_v good_a progress_n in_o philosophy_n arise_v to_o promotion_n by_o three_o degree_n of_o learning_n the_o first_o be_v call_v sieucai_n the_o second_o kiugin_n the_o three_o cinfu_n the_o first_o degree_n of_o learning_n call_v sieucai_n be_v give_v in_o every_o city_n by_o a_o certain_a eminent_a learned_a person_n appoint_v by_o the_o emperor_n for_o that_o purpose_n and_o according_a to_o his_o office_n bear_v the_o name_n of_o tihio_n this_o tihio_n go_v a_o circuit_n through_o all_o the_o town_n of_o his_o province_n on_o purpose_n to_o promote_v learned_a man_n to_o this_o degree_n as_o soon_o as_o he_o be_v come_v into_o any_o city_n he_o make_v know_v his_o arrival_n whereupon_o all_o such_o as_o stand_v for_o this_o preferment_n address_v themselves_o unto_o he_o to_o be_v examine_v and_o if_o he_o find_v they_o qualify_v he_o immediate_o prefer_v they_o to_o this_o first_o step_n of_o learning_n and_o that_o their_o worth_n may_v be_v take_v notice_n of_o for_o a_o particular_a badge_n of_o their_o dignity_n they_o wear_v a_o gown_n bonnet_n and_o boot_n in_o which_o habit_n none_o be_v permit_v to_o go_v but_o such_o as_o be_v in_o this_o manner_n become_v graduate_n they_o enjoy_v likewise_o several_a honourable_a privilege_n and_o immunity_n and_o be_v prefer_v to_o considerable_a employment_n in_o the_o government_n the_o second_o degree_n of_o honour_n to_o which_o the_o learned_a chineses_n be_v prefer_v be_v call_v kiugin_n which_o be_v give_v with_o much_o more_o state_n than_o the_o former_a and_o be_v confer_v only_o upon_o such_o as_o they_o judge_v to_o be_v most_o deserve_v and_o this_o promotion_n be_v make_v but_o once_o in_o three_o year_n and_o perform_v after_o this_o manner_n in_o each_o capital_a city_n be_v a_o great_a and_o well-built_a palace_n encompass_v with_o high_a wall_n and_o set_v apart_o only_o for_o the_o examination_n of_o the_o scholar_n in_o this_o place_n be_v several_a apartment_n and_o mansion_n for_o the_o use_n of_o examiner_n when_o they_o come_v to_o supervise_v the_o scholar_n work_n beside_o these_o apartment_n there_o be_v at_o least_o a_o thousand_o cell_n in_o the_o middle_n of_o the_o palace_n but_o so_o small_a that_o they_o will_v only_o contain_v only_o one_o person_n a_o little_a table_n and_o a_o bench_n in_o these_o no_o one_o can_v speak_v to_o his_o neighbour_n nor_o be_v see_v by_o he_o when_o the_o king_n examiner_n be_v arrive_v in_o the_o city_n they_o be_v lock_v up_o apart_o in_o this_o palace_n and_o not_o suffer_v to_o discourse_n with_o any_o whatsoever_o while_o they_o be_v there_o when_o the_o time_n of_o examination_n be_v come_v to_o which_o be_v appoint_v three_o whole_a day_n namely_o the_o nine_o twelve_o and_o fifteen_o day_n of_o the_o eight_o month_n then_o be_v the_o write_n of_o the_o scholar_n with_o great_a judgement_n narrow_o examine_v and_o several_a question_n propound_v to_o be_v resolve_v by_o they_o the_o three_o degree_n be_v call_v cinsu_n and_o be_v equal_a with_o that_o of_o doctor_n of_o divinity_n law_n or_o physic_n in_o europe_n and_o this_o be_v confer_v likewise_o every_o three_o year_n and_o to_o they_o only_o in_o the_o imperial_a city_n of_o peking_n to_o this_o honour_n can_v only_o three_o hundred_o out_o of_o the_o whole_a empire_n arrive_v and_o the_o examination_n of_o they_o before_o they_o be_v choose_v be_v perform_v by_o the_o king_n examiner_n in_o the_o same_o method_n and_o state_n as_o the_o former_a and_o such_o as_o attain_v to_o this_o height_n of_o honour_n by_o their_o learning_n be_v prefer_v to_o the_o high_a place_n of_o dignity_n in_o the_o empire_n and_o be_v have_v in_o great_a esteem_n and_o reputation_n by_o the_o people_n chap._n iii_o of_o several_a chinese_n handicraft-trade_n comedian_n juggler_n and_o beggar_n the_o chineses_n be_v not_o altogether_o without_o some_o experience_n and_o skill_n in_o architecture_n although_o for_o neatness_n and_o polite_a curiosity_n their_o building_n be_v not_o to_o be_v compare_v with_o that_o in_o europe_n neither_o be_v their_o edifice_n so_o costly_a or_o durable_a in_o regard_n they_o proportion_v their_o house_n to_o the_o shortness_n of_o life_n build_v as_o they_o say_v for_o themselves_o not_o for_o other_o and_o this_o sure_o be_v one_o reason_n why_o the_o chinese_n can_v comprehend_v nor_o imagine_v the_o costly_a and_o princely_a palace_n which_o be_v in_o europe_n and_o when_o they_o have_v be_v tell_v that_o some_o of_o the_o say_a edifice_n have_v stand_v for_o many_o age_n they_o seem_v as_o it_o be_v amaze_v thereat_o but_o if_o they_o consider_v the_o true_a reason_n of_o such_o continuance_n they_o will_v rather_o applaud_v and_o imitate_v than_o wonder_n for_o that_o which_o make_v our_o building_n last_o so_o long_o be_v because_o we_o make_v deep_a foundation_n whereas_o in_o china_n they_o dig_v no_o foundation_n at_o all_o but_o lay_v the_o stone_n even_o with_o the_o surface_n of_o the_o ground_n upon_o which_o they_o build_v high_a and_o heavy_a tower_n and_o by_o this_o mean_v they_o soon_o decay_v and_o require_v daily_a reparation_n neither_o be_v this_o all_o for_o the_o house_n in_o china_n be_v for_o the_o most_o part_n build_v of_o wood_n or_o rest_n upon_o wooden_a pillar_n yet_o they_o be_v cover_v with_o tile_n as_o in_o europe_n and_o be_v contrive_v commodious_o within_o though_o not_o beautiful_a to_o the_o eye_n without_o however_o by_o the_o curiosity_n of_o the_o people_n they_o be_v keep_v very_o clean_a and_o neat_a their_o temple_n be_v most_o curious_o build_v some_o whereof_o in_o solitary_a place_n near_o the_o highway_n to_o the_o great_a accommodation_n of_o traveller_n they_o be_v hang_v full_a of_o image_n and_o heavy_a lamp_n which_o burn_v continual_o in_o memory_n of_o one_o or_o other_o that_o live_v well_o and_o die_v happy_o these_o people_n have_v make_v no_o small_a progress_n in_o several_a science_n by_o their_o early_a be_v acquaint_v with_o the_o art_n of_o print_v for_o though_o those_o of_o europe_n do_v therein_o exceed_v the_o chineses_n have_v reduce_v the_o same_o to_o more_o exactness_n and_o certain_a method_n yet_o say_v trigautius_n in_o the_o four_o chapter_n of_o his_o first_o book_n the_o use_n of_o the_o printing-press_n be_v much_o soon_o in_o china_n than_o in_o europe_n for_o it_o be_v most_o certain_a that_o the_o same_o have_v be_v in_o use_n among_o the_o chinese_n for_o five_o age_n past_a nay_o some_o stick_v not_o to_o affirm_v that_o they_o use_v print_v before_o the_o birth_n of_o christ._n mercator_n in_o his_o great_a atlas_n write_v that_o the_o printing-press_n and_o the_o use_n of_o cannon_n be_v of_o so_o great_a antiquity_n in_o china_n that_o it_o be_v not_o know_v who_o be_v the_o inventor_n of_o they_o all_o which_o if_o it_o be_v take_v for_o grant_v yet_o nevertheless_o they_o be_v too_o large_a in_o say_v that_o that_o printing_n have_v be_v use_v by_o they_o ever_o since_o their_o country_n have_v be_v call_v the_o empire_n or_o kingdom_n of_o china_n

return_v home_o with_o great_a wealth_n and_o riches_n which_o the_o tartar_n have_v promise_v he_o in_o case_n the_o peace_n take_v effect_v zungchinius_n consider_v what_o the_o meaning_n of_o such_o advice_n may_v tend_v to_o begin_v to_o mistrust_v the_o fidelity_n of_o his_o general_n and_o afterward_o by_o other_o mean_n be_v more_o full_o satisfy_v of_o his_o treacherous_a deal_n for_o the_o destruction_n and_o ruin_n of_o the_o state_n he_o send_v private_o unto_o he_o to_o desire_v his_o presence_n in_o the_o city_n at_o the_o council_n of_o war_n to_o advise_v with_o the_o rest_n of_o the_o military_a officer_n what_o be_v best_a to_o be_v do_v in_o that_o dangerous_a exigent_n for_o the_o safety_n and_o welfare_n of_o the_o whole_a empire_n now_o it_o be_v to_o be_v note_v that_o the_o emperor_n will_v not_o suffer_v any_o gate_n to_o be_v set_v open_a under_o pretence_n that_o the_o enemy_n lie_v close_o to_o the_o wall_n but_o in_o truth_n for_o fear_v lest_o yvenus_n shall_v crowd_v in_o upon_o he_o with_o his_o whole_a army_n therefore_o he_o send_v he_o word_n that_o he_o shall_v come_v to_o the_o wall_n and_o they_o will_v draw_v he_o up_o private_o into_o the_o city_n over_o the_o wall_n of_o this_o design_n of_o the_o emperor_n yvenus_n have_v not_o the_o least_o inkling_n give_v he_o by_o any_o of_o the_o council_n for_o indeed_o the_o emperor_n at_o this_o time_n make_v himself_o alone_o his_o own_o privy-councillor_n have_v not_o discover_v to_o any_o what_o he_o know_v of_o the_o treason_n hatch_v against_o he_o by_o yvenus_n nor_o of_o what_o he_o intend_v against_o he_o for_o his_o reward_n but_o only_o that_o he_o will_v confer_v with_o he_o about_o some_o affair_n in_o order_n to_o the_o preservation_n of_o the_o city_n for_o have_v the_o emperor_n never_o so_o little_o discover_v either_o his_o knowledge_n or_o intention_n yvenus_n will_v soon_o have_v be_v advertise_v thereof_o have_v his_o creature_n in_o all_o corner_n of_o the_o city_n to_o give_v he_o intelligence_n of_o all_o affair_n but_o this_o be_v by_o his_o silence_n and_o secrecy_n prevent_v yvenus_n come_v without_o any_o fear_n into_o the_o city_n and_o address_v himself_o to_o the_o emperor_n in_o who_o presence_n upon_o his_o very_a first_o appearance_n he_o be_v apprehend_v and_o behead_v this_o be_v a_o public_a act_n can_v not_o be_v long_o conceal_v nor_o indeed_o be_v it_o for_o the_o tartar_n hear_v of_o it_o present_o and_o thereupon_o raise_v their_o siege_n and_o leave_v the_o imperial_a city_n out_o of_o fear_n of_o be_v attaque_v by_o the_o royal_a army_n which_o lie_v not_o far_o from_o they_o as_o soon_o as_o the_o emperor_n shall_v have_v appoint_v a_o faithful_a commander_n over_o the_o same_o in_o stead_n of_o the_o traitor_n yvenus_n however_o in_o their_o return_n and_o march_n back_o they_o ruin_v and_o destroy_v whatever_o stand_v in_o their_o way_n and_o with_o great_a store_n of_o wealth_n and_o booty_n get_v at_o last_o into_o the_o province_n of_o leaotung_n the_o war_n continue_v till_o the_o year_n 1636._o with_o various_a event_n sometime_o the_o chineses_n have_v the_o better_a otherwhiles_o the_o tartar_n but_o however_o the_o chineses_n defend_v themselves_o so_o well_o against_o they_o till_o that_o time_n that_o the_o tartar_n do_v never_o set_v footing_n in_o china_n but_o they_o be_v drive_v out_o again_o with_o great_a loss_n in_o the_o same_o year_n 1636._o the_o tartar_n king_n thienzungus_n die_v and_o his_o son_n zungteus_n the_o father_n of_o the_o present_a emperor_n who_o now_o wear_v the_o royal_a diadem_n in_o china_n succeed_v he_o a_o prince_n so_o endow_v with_o all_o the_o most_o excellent_a quality_n both_o of_o art_n and_o nature_n as_o if_o design_v for_o some_o great_a undertake_n he_o exceed_v all_o his_o ancestor_n in_o part_n and_o prudence_n and_o in_o his_o minority_n before_o he_o attain_v the_o crown_n give_v no_o small_a sign_n of_o a_o excellent_a understanding_n to_o descend_v a_o little_a to_o particular_n he_o be_v both_o learned_a courteous_a and_o of_o a_o good_a disposition_n be_v yet_o in_o his_o juvenile_a year_n he_o be_v send_v by_o his_o father_n into_o china_n under_o the_o tuition_n of_o some_o of_o his_o council_n who_o put_v he_o into_o the_o chinese_n habit_n here_o he_o live_v private_o a_o long_a time_n learn_v the_o chinese_n language_n and_o exchange_v the_o rough_a and_o savage_a behaviour_n of_o his_o own_o country_n for_o the_o more_o civil_a and_o gentile_a behaviour_n of_o the_o chinese_n so_o that_o when_o he_o have_v get_v into_o the_o throne_n he_o reign_v with_o much_o mildness_n moderation_n and_o affability_n carry_v himself_o towards_o his_o subject_n quite_o contrary_a to_o the_o morose_a nature_n of_o his_o ancestor_n who_o cruelty_n and_o severity_n he_o observe_v to_o have_v be_v the_o overthrow_n or_o at_o least_o the_o retard_v of_o all_o their_o design_n against_o the_o chinese_n who_o by_o his_o conversation_n among_o they_o while_o he_o live_v there_o he_o find_v be_v better_a to_o be_v win_v with_o a_o soft_a and_o mild_a hand_n than_o with_o rough_a and_o harsh_a usage_n wherefore_o he_o resolve_v to_o alter_v the_o way_n and_o manner_n of_o the_o government_n of_o his_o ancestor_n and_o to_o confirm_v himself_o in_o his_o throne_n rather_o by_o the_o love_n of_o his_o subject_n than_o by_o force_n of_o arms._n this_o his_o prudent_a carriage_n immediate_o win_v to_o he_o the_o heart_n not_o only_o of_o his_o own_o natural_a subject_n but_o of_o the_o chinese_n his_o enemy_n who_o when_o they_o submit_v to_o he_o be_v treat_v as_o his_o own_o subject_n such_o as_o be_v conquer_v by_o he_o in_o the_o war_n be_v civil_o accommodate_v and_o receive_v into_o favor_n and_o service_n and_o the_o rest_n that_o be_v willing_a to_o return_v home_o have_v free_a leave_n at_o their_o own_o pleasure_n to_o be_v go_v by_o this_o win_a sweetness_n the_o fame_n of_o this_o prince_n spread_v at_o last_o among_o several_a of_o his_o neighbour_n so_o that_o they_o seek_v unto_o he_o for_o his_o friendship_n and_o protection_n which_o stand_v he_o in_o great_a stead_n afterward_o in_o the_o conquest_n of_o china_n he_o always_o prefer_v only_a man_n of_o ability_n into_o office_n and_o place_n of_o trust_n and_o such_o commander_n or_o governor_n as_o flee_v to_o he_o out_o of_o china_n for_o any_o suppose_a crime_n or_o offence_n have_v not_o only_o their_o liberty_n but_o be_v also_o much_o make_v of_o and_o put_v into_o employment_n for_o by_o the_o chinese_n government_n to_o prevent_v treachery_n and_o covetousness_n it_o be_v ordain_v and_o settle_v as_o a_o fix_a law_n that_o all_o the_o prince_n governor_n or_o commander_n in_o chief_a under_o who_o authority_n any_o misfortune_n happen_v shall_v lose_v his_o head_n without_o mercy_n as_o for_o example_n if_o a_o general_n happen_v to_o be_v unfortunate_o defeat_v if_o a_o governor_n lose_v his_o province_n over_o which_o he_o be_v appoint_v or_o that_o a_o mutiny_n happen_v among_o the_o people_n or_o army_n though_o neither_o of_o they_o be_v by_o any_o probable_a or_o rational_a way_n able_a to_o prevent_v it_o yet_o they_o shall_v lose_v their_o life_n for_o it_o so_o that_o the_o chinese_n general_n and_o governor_n find_v upon_o all_o occasion_n that_o the_o king_n of_o tartary_n be_v kind_a and_o civil_a to_o such_o as_o flee_v to_o he_o make_v thither_o as_o soon_o as_o any_o thing_n go_v amiss_o with_o they_o for_o which_o they_o know_v they_o have_v incur_v the_o penalty_n of_o lose_v their_o head_n at_o this_o time_n there_o seem_v to_o be_v a_o cessation_n of_o all_o warlike_a and_o hostile_a action_n for_o although_o the_o tartar_n hold_v the_o western_a part_n of_o the_o province_n of_o le●otung_n yet_o the_o east_n part_n be_v so_o well_o guard_v with_o fort_n and_o soldier_n that_o they_o think_v themselves_o secure_a from_o any_o future_a or_o further_a invasion_n on_o that_o side_n nor_o be_v the_o adjacent_a place_n in_o any_o great_a fear_n for_o that_o there_o be_v a_o very_a strong_a army_n thereabouts_o to_o hinder_v they_o from_o make_v any_o further_a inroad_n into_o the_o say_a province_n but_o this_o noble_a and_o flourish_a empire_n have_v that_o viper_n hatch_n within_o its_o bowel_n that_o will_v work_v its_o confusion_n and_o be_v the_o only_a occasion_n of_o its_o overthrow_n for_o as_o be_v say_v before_o at_o that_o time_n it_o be_v full_a of_o vagabond_n thief_n and_o robber_n who_o not_o only_o waste_v but_o at_o last_o deliver_v it_o up_o a_o prey_n to_o the_o tartar_n as_o you_o may_v more_o clear_o understand_v by_o the_o sequel_n of_o the_o story_n the_o first_o insurrection_n and_o treachery_n of_o these_o robber_n and_o highwayman_n be_v discover_v in_o the_o province_n of_o suchue_n where_o join_v with_o