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ID	Title	Author	Corrected Date of Publication (TCP Date of Publication)	STC	Words	Pages
A44890	Memoirs of the Dutch trade in all the states, kingdoms, and empires in the world shewing its first rise and prodigious progress : after what manner the Dutch manage, and carry on their trade, their dominions and government of the Indies : by what means they have made themselves masters of all the trade of Europe : what goods and merchandise are proper for maritime traffick, whence they are to be had, and what gain and profit they produce : a work very necessary for all merchants, and others concerned in trade / done from the French now printed at Amsterdam.; Grand trésor historique et politique du florissant commerce des Hollandois dans tous les Etats et empires du monde. English	Huet, Pierre-Daniel, 1630-1721.	1700 (1700)	Wing H3300A; ESTC T145652	106,369	252

thing and it may be truly said that without their Assistance they would never have been able to put so glorious an End to the War as they did We see by this what Advantage Commerce is to a State when it is regulated with Prudence and by able Merchants who have all Protection and no Constraint But what need we go out of France for Examples to show how important Commerce is to a Nation We need only consider the great Things that have been done under the glorious Reign of our Great Monarch and the almost infinite Sums which have been disbursed as well to support the War against all the Powers of Europe for above 30 Years as during the Peace Could one ever have imagined this could have been done without that prodigious Quantity of Money which Trade especially that with Spain brought into France For we have no Mines to supply us What then would have been the Consequence had Commerce been protected and encouraged in France as it ought to have been I doubt not but in such Case we might have said of France what the Holy Scripture said of Jerusalem that in the Days of Solomon Gold and Silver were as common as Stones If England by means of the Woollen Manufactures and by the vent of her Tin Lead and Sea-Coal has amassed such Riches what might one not have believed France would have gained which besides her Manufactures of Wool Silk Linnen Hats Paper and many other Things which are eagerly sought after by all the World supplies other Countries with Wines Brandies Wheat Salt Oil and Fruits of all sorts for immense Sums This Abundance and great Plenty of our Merchandize so necessary and useful to our Neighbours made my Lord Bellasis say That if God should one Day make the Turks know what they could do at Sea and the French how far they might extend their Commerce all Europe would soon fall a Conquest to those Powers I shall only give one Instance more to shew how nothing but Commerce can enrich a Kingdom let us therefore turn our Eyes to Spain and it is certain that there is no Nation in the World has so little Gold and Silver as the Spaniards tho' those two Metals grow in such prodigious Quantities in their Dominions other Nations notwithstanding are better provided therewith on account of the great Vent their Commodities have in Spain and the dependent Kingdoms which have Occasion for them and in short that great Monarchy has fallen to Decay purely for having neglected Commerce and establishing several Manufactures in Dominions of so vast and large extent It was this Negligence which was one of the principal Springs of the Riches of France and while France traded with Spain she never wanted Gold or Silver not even during those long and difficult Wars Let us only look back and consider what Condition France was in by the Pyrenean Treaty notwithstanding a long War of above twenty five Years and all those she has since sustained even to our Days It is much to be wished we would open our Eyes soon enough and take Notice of a Matter of so much Importance and so necessary as Commerce and endeavour to know how to take such Measures as may bring to a good Issue that on which in some manner depends the Happiness of all his Majesty's Subjects and the Grandeur of the Nation We Frenchmen have been reproached and perhaps not without some reason that the Genius of our Nation was not proper for a foreign Commerce being quickly weary of all Undertakings that require a solid and continued Application But without deciding this Matter I shall content my self to say that there have been and yet are in France Persons of very good Abilities and Experience necessary for carrying on a vast Trade Out of several I shall only mention Jaques Couer Superintendent of the Finances or in the Language of those Times Moneyer to King Charles the Seventh This Man who was born at Bourges being entirely addicted to Foreign Trade in a time when scarce any one meddled with it in France got prodigious Wealth which he employ'd to the best Advantage in the Service of the King his Master and the Support of the State Matthew Coucy an Historian his Contemporary speaks of him after this manner The King says he had in his Kingdom a Man of mean Extraction whose Name was Jaques Couer who by his Sense Vigilance and good Conduct so ordered it as to undertake trading in Commodities of the hightest Value which he still continued to do notwithstanding his being made Moneyer to King Charles in which Office he continued a long while in great Power and Prosperity He had under him many Clerks and Factors who had the Care of these Commodities to distribute them thro' all Christian States and Kingdoms He had at Sea a great many large Vessels maintained at his own Expence and Charge which traded to the Levant Egypt and Barbary to freight themselves with all sorts of rich and fine Commodities and Merchandize by Leave of the Sultan and Turks paying them some little Duty as an Acknowledgment He caused to be brought from those Countries Gold and Silver Stuffs Silks of all Sorts and Colours Furs for Men and Women of several Kinds as Martins and Sables c. and other excellent Curiosities which Goods he sold by his Commissaries and Factors at the Hotel Royalle in all the principal Cities of the Kingdom and in foreign Courts where the People surprized with Admiration soon bought them up at a good Price He had at least three or four Hundred Commissaries or Factors at his Command and gained himself more in one Year than all the Merchants of the Kingdom He was in Possession of the Office of Superintendant of the Finances when King Charles undertook the Conquest of Normandy in the Year 1449 of which Conquest this famous Merchant was the chief Cause for he was the first that encouraged the King to that great Undertaking and furnished him with an Army by offering him several Milions which was executed after the Manners as the King best liked and for which he was highly applauded and complimented by all the Princes and Lords of the Court and yet for all that Expence his Wealth was almost invaluable Heaven could once have given us and yet might have given us another Jaquez Couer and then we should have entertained greater Hopes than ever to bring the Trade of France to its highest Pitch and make our Nation the most flourishng in the World The Merchants of France to accomplish this want only an experienced Leader a Person of much Knowledge one that has a great Foresight an enterprizing Genius and continual Application and Perseverance a Person of great Credit and Power that he may protect those who traffick under him and are his Commissioners in whatever Place of the World It was by such Means as these that the Dutch have carried Commerce to the highest Degree as may be seen in the following

Raisins Figs Almonds Aniseeds Salt Soap Soude or Kalt and abundance of excellent Wool The Foreign Commodities which are most proper for this Country are French Linnens made in Bittany good Quantities of Woollen and Silk Stuffs Lace Hats Small Wares of every sort and Jewellers Work most of which are sent from Cadiz the rest the Dutch bring directly to the places they design them for CHAP. XI Of the Trade with Portugal BEFORE Portugal and the Countries that Crown possessed in Asia Africa and America came to be reunited in the Year 1580 to the Crown of Castille under the Reign of Philip II the Dutch traded very much with Portugal and with a great deal of ease notwithstanding the Difference of Religion and the great Severity of the Inquisition their greatest Trade was that of Lisbon whence they Exported besides the Merchandize of the Country that of the East Indies Africa and Brazil all which at that time went only thro' the Hands of the Portugueze But after that Union the Trade that the Dutch drove in Portugal underwent the same Fate as in the other Provinces of the Spanish Monarchy that is those Gentlemen were depriv'd of all manner of Commerce whatsoever The Portugueze having shook off the Government of the Castilians in the Year 1640 one of the first things they did was to stop the Conquests of the Dutch which they were continually making of the Portugueze Territories in the East Indies Africa and Brazil being Subject to the King of Spain The new King sent forthwith an Ambassador to the Hague to represent to the States General that the Portugueze as such never having any Difference with the United Provinces he earnestly wish'd there might be establish'd a good Understanding between the two Nations which would put them in a better Condition to resist the Spaniand their common Enemy The States General finding their Account in the Offers of the Portugueze a Truce for ten Years was signed between them in the Year 1641 and included all the Countries belonging to the two Nations as well on this as the other Side of the Line By this Truce it was agreed that there should be a free Navigation and that each Party should be Master of those Places they were in Possession of at the time of publishing such Truce which Truce was so ill observ'd by the Dutch in the Indies that the Portugueze were in some Measure oblig'd to break it in the Year 1645 by an Insurrection they made in Brazil against the Dutch whom they entirely drove out of that Country This occasioned a new War in Brazil between the two Nations but it did not break out in Europe till the Month of October 1646 when the States General declar'd War in all its Forms against the King of Portugal because he would not restore to their West India Company that which his Subjects had taken from them in 1647 but this Affair was endeavour'd to be accomodated by the Mediation of France and Cromwel The War between the Northern Crowns was the Cause that this Negotiation lingred out till the Restoration of the King of England who resolving to marry the Infanta of Portugal procur'd a Peace between the two Nations by his Mediation and a perpetual Peace was signed by them accordingly the 16th of August 1661. The Privileges the Portugueze granted to the Dutch by this Treaty in relation to their Commerce gave them an Opportunity of Trading very considerably in Portugal particularly after the French prohibited all Foreign Sugar and Tobacco and the Portugueze on their side prohibted all French Manufactures 'Twas with these two Articles chiefly that the Portugueze paid for all French Goods but after the French left off taking these from Portugal the Portugueze would deal no more in French Merchandize this gave the Dutch an Opportunity to furnish them with theirs taking in payment Sugar and Tobacco which they knew very well how to dispose of The Trade of Holland is chiefly at Lisbon and Oporto but the first is the most considerable As for St. Ubes where they go for Salt there is very little or no Consumption The Goods they Transport to Portugal consist chiefly in great Quantities of Manufactures of Silk Wool and Linnen Small Wares and Iron-work Paper Cards Leather Corn in time of scarcity which is there very frequent Of all sorts of Merchandize except Corn there is a vast Consumption in Portugal and its Colonies The Goods they bring from Portugal are those of the Country or its Colonies the latter consist in Sugars Tobacco Wood of Brazil and Fernambouc Ox Hides Ginger Pearls Indigo rough Diamonds and Ambergrease c. Tobacco and Sugar are the chief Commodities of Portugal Sugar is one of their richest Returns from Brazil where it wonderfully abounds The Islands of S. Thomas Madera Capo Verde and the Terceras also furnish considerable Quantities but I am of the Opinion not near so good unless it be that of Madera they have also great Quantities of Brazil Wood and other Woods for Dying Ambergrease which comes from Melinda Pearls and Diamonds from the East Indies this Merchandize is one of the greatest Articles in the Portugal Trade The Merchadize of Portugal itself consists in Wines amongst which I shall reckon those of Madera Oils Olives Aniseeds excellent Fruits Rasins and Figs. It is believ'd that the Dutch bring every Year from Portugal ten or twelve Ships laden with those Commodities including Limons and Oranges without reckoning their dry'd Sweet-meats made of several sorts of admirable Fruits in Portugal and Brazil It is said that they send every Year directly into Portugal above twenty Sail of Ships besides other Ships that Trade in the Mediterranean and come thence to S. Ubes for their lading of Salt of which they make a great Consumption in the North where it has been very much in Use for a long time The Commerce of Holland with Portugal is carried on by a Fleet of fifty Ships that are every Year constantly employ'd for that End from fifteen to thirty Guns with which they do good Service against the Corsairs and Pirates CHAP. XII Of the Mediterranean or Streights Trade THE Trade of the Mediterranean Sea was heretofore the most considerable in the World when that of the Indies only past thro' Alexandria and some other Ports of Syria This Commerce was chiefly carry'd on by the French Italians and Catalans but the Venetians were the most considerable of all The Portugueze making themselves Masters of the Trade of Asia turn'd the Current and the Italians and the French enjoy'd only the Commerce with the Provinces and Countries on the Coast of the Mediterranean which however was very considerable And this they kept to themselves till the English and Dutch began to Traffick with the Subjects of the Grand Signior the former in the Year 1599 and the latter in 1612. since that time those two Nations have made themselves so much Masters of that Trade that the Italians and French have very little to do