temples of Athens were those whiche Demosthenes alone had for his parte whyche he dyd geue after that he was retourned whych thing he dydde more assuredly by meanes of that victorye than he durste haue done bifore by cause of the ouerthrowe that he had hadde in Etholie After that the twenty galleys of the Athenyans were retourned to Naupacte and Demosthenes wyth the bende vnto Athens the Acarnanyans and the Amphilochâ—aÌ„s made appoinctement wyth the Ambracyans by meane of Salynthius kinge of Agriens for an houndred yeares to comme and gaue suertie to the Peloponesians that were retyred into Agride confusedly or myngled togyders with the Ambracyans for to retourne And the fourme of the appoinctmente was thisâ— that the said AmbracyaÌ„s shuld not be bounde to make warre with the AcarnanyaÌ„s against the Peloponesians Nor the AcarnanyaÌ„s with the Ambracyans against the Athenyans But only they were bound to ayde themself the one the other for the defence of their lande alonely moreouer that the Ambracyans shuld rendre restore to the Amphilochiens all the townes and landes that they helde of theirs that they shulde not geue any ayde supportacion or fauour to the AnactoriaÌ„s who were ennemys of the Acarnanyans Upon thys condition they ceased from warre on the one syde and on the other Anone after arryued Xenoclides sonne of Entycles with thre houÌ„dred men that the Corinthians had sent to succoâ—r the sayd Aâ—bracyans who with greate difficultie had passed through the couÌ„trey of Epyre. Thus passed the things that were done at Ambracie In that same wynter the Athenyans that were in Sycille being landed and entred into Hiemereus on the sea syde and the Sycilyans on the coste of the mountaignes and hauyng there made somme bowtie and praye and fromthence hauynge passedde by the Isles Eolydes they came agayne to Rhege In whych place they founde Pythodorus whome the Athenyans had sent for to be Capytaynes of that same thair army in stede of Laches For the souldyars Athenyans that were in that same armye and also the Sicilians that were with them had demaunded of the Athenians greater succours for that that the Syracusains beynge mightyer than they by lande yt were necessarie that they shulde be soo mightye by sea that they might defende themselfe frome beynge ouâ—traged For this cause the Athenyans had charged foortyshipps with men for to send thider thinkinge that that same warre shuld be the soner fynyshed Whereof they had onely sente one lesser parte bifore by Pythodorus for to see and vnderstande the estate of causes after they shuld sende hym Syphocles sonne of Sestratides with the remnaunte Beynge than Pythodorus arryued and hauynge takene the charge of the armye he wente froÌ„ thens to succour the cytie of Locres which Laches had taken But he was encoÌ„tred and vainquished by the Locryens so retourned The furst sprynge tyme ensuinge the fyer yssued out of the mountayne of Ethna which is the greatest that ys in Sycille lyke as it had oftentimes done in tymes passedde and yt burnedde a litle of the terrytory of Catagna which is situated vnder the said mountaigne And by that that the people of the conntrey did say yt was fyftie yeares passedde sens the fyer came fourth in that same sorte And yt was the thirde tyme in all that that had chaunced in Sycille sens that the Grekes were come thider for to inhabyt furst Thies be the thinges that were done that same yeare whiche was the sixte yeare of that warre that Thucydydes hath wryttone ☞ Here endeth the thirde boke of the historie of Thucydydes and the fourth begynneth Of certayne exploictes of warre that were done betwene the Athenyans and the Lacedemonyans And specyally howe the place and Islande of Pylus was assieged by the Peloponesians and how the truse was made betwene them that were in the armye ☞ The furst Chapter IN the beginning of the sommer followynge whan the corne begynneth to eare tenne shippes of the Syracusains and asmanye of the Locryans dyd take the cytie of Messine in Sycille from the Athenyans Through conspyratie of the Cytezeinsâ— that had called them thider whiche enterprise the sayd Syracusains dyd for somuche as seinge that same towne to be very propyte mete for the sayd Athenyans for to enter into Sycille they feared that by meane thereof they woulde lande there wyth greater strengthe and from thence wold come to assaille them and the Locriens to haue meane for to assaille on bothe sydes theym of Rhege that were their ennemys whyche thynge they dydde incontynently after and also to the ende that they shulde not geue succours to the sayd Messenyans And moreouer they were therunto sollicyted by certayne cytezeins of Rhege who beinge bannyshedde and fledde from their cytie were retyredde to Locres For the sayde Cytie of Rhege hadde longâ— bene in greate deuysyons by meanes wherof they coulde not than defende them agaynste the sayde Locryens who seinge the the oportunytie came then to assaile them and aftere that they had ouerronned and pyllagedde all thair terytorie they retyredde wyth theire men on foote by lande into theire countreye For the shyppes wherin they were come were gone to Missena for to ioygne with the other that shulde be there assembled for to make warre on that side In that selfe seasone bifore that the coarne was rype the Peloponesians entered a fresh into the lande Atticque vnder the coÌ„ducte of Agis sonne of Archidamus kynge of Lacedemonyans and pyllaged yt after the accustomedde manner On the othere side the Athenyans sente foorty shippes wyth newe strength into Sycylle whereof they commytted the conducte to Eurimedon and to Sophocles wyth the other that already were there Among whom was Pythodorus and commaunded them in thair waye to geue comforte and succoure to the Corcyriens agaynste th aire bannyshed men whiche kepte them selfe in the mountaignes and warredde vpon them wythout and also agaynste lx shyppes that the Pelloponesians hadde sente agaynste theym that were in the saide cytie trustynge to take it by famyne for that that it nowe was in great skarcytye of vyctualles And also grauntedde to Demosthenes who hadde sens hys retourne frome Acarnanie tarryedde at Athens wythoute any charge and desyeredde greately to haue some to vse the saide foorty shyppes aboute Peloponese as he shulde thincke good Beynge than arryued in the countreye of Lacaonie in passynge theire iourney and vnderstandynge that the saide Pelloponesians shyppes were alreadye arryued in the goulphe of Corcyre they were of dyuers opynyons amonge themself For Eurymedon and Sophocles were determyned to go fourthwythe to Corcyre But Demosthenes saide that they shuld furste go to take Pylus and hauinge geuen order there to drawe vnto Corcyre and yet neuerthelas seinge that the other two persysted and contynewed in their opynyoÌ„ he commaunded them so to do In thys debate there came soubdaynly a tempeste of the sea that constrayned them to drawe to the sayde place of Pylus And than
assailled had required succours of the Peloponesians principally those of Chalcide forsomuche as they feared that the Athenians would come first vpon them And also for that they did vnderstande that the other cities their neighbours that were not rebelled did coniure conspire already againste them for to ouercome them And as touchinge Perdiccas albeit that he was not their ennemye declared yet he feared the ennemyties that he had had with them in tymes passed for that cause demanded ayde of the Lacedemonians against theÌ„ And also against the king of Lyncesters whome he had determyned wholy to subdue An other occasion there was for the which that armye came out of the countrey of Peloponese Whiche was that the Lacedemonians parceiuing the euyl chances that were happened to them and that the Athenians had done many enterprises in their countrey they thought that there was nothyng more expediente to diuerte and tourne them than to make some alarme to their allyes And somuche the more that there were people that furnished to the charges of the army and of other that attended but their coming for to rebelle against the AtheniaÌ„s And also it moued theÌ„ muche the losse that they had at Pylus For they feared lest the Esklaues would make somme mutyne or sedicion Wherefore they were welle eased to sende them fourth vnder this coloure For through the feare that those Lacedemonians had to wytt those that had conducted and had charge of the affaries aswell of the yonge as of the comon people and aboue all of the esklaues on whome they layde most watche they had in times pastâ— caused a cry to be made that those that had done most vailliantly shulde stande aparte geuing them hope to enfranchise and sett them at lybertie But it was to vnderstande their courage Whereby being chosen out of al them to the nomber of two thousande and those brought with procession crowned with flowers vnto the temples so as the custome was of theÌ„ to whome lybertie was geuen sone after they were lost and no man knewe where they were become Of whome also they for the selfe feare dyd than delyuer to Brasidas the nomber of two thousande And the other he hadde caryed out of the countrey of Peloponese for soulde and wages For he desyred greatly to haue that charge for which cause the Lacedemonians dyd sende hym and also the Chalcides desired hym greatly for that that amonges all them of Sparte he was reputed to be a diligence and industrious parsone Also he obteigned a great bruyte by that charge For he shewed himselâ— so honest a man and so good a iusticer and pollitique in all thinges that manye townes and cyties by reason thereof came to render themself to hym And some he toke by diligence and treason whereby that chaunced to the Lacedemonians that they hoped of to wytt that they recouered many of their landes and caused some of those of the Athenians thereby to reuolte and rebelle And for a certayne tyme dyd putt and absente the warre out of their quarter of Peloponese And afterwardes in the warre that was bitwene the Athenians the PeloponesiaÌ„s in Sicille his vertue was so knowen estemed aswell by experience as by relacioÌ„ of other that by that reason many of those that toke the partie of the AtheniaÌ„s desired to take that same of the Peloponesians For seing the vertue goodnes that was in hym they persumed iudged that the other Lacedemonians shuld be all lyke And for to come againe to the purpose whereof we speake after that the Athenians vnderstode the comyng of that same Brasidas into Pelâ—ponese they declared Perdiccas for their ennemy For somuche as it semed vnto them that he had bene cause of his comyng And they were more diligente to watche the people of that same quarter than they had bene bifore Perdiccas than hauyug the succors of the Peloponesians with Brasidas brought them with his army against Archibeus sonne of Bromerus king of Lyncesters Macedoniane who was his neyghboure and his greate enemye Wyllyng to chase and vtterlye destroye hym But whan he was at the entryng of his câ—untrey Brasidas sayed to hym That bifore that he beganne the warre agaynste the sayd Archibeus he woulde firste speake with hym For to knowe if by woordes and declaracions he myght bryng hym to the deuocion and amytie of the Lacedemonians For the same Archibeus hadde caused to be signefyed by sounde of trompette that for the differences that were bitwene hym and Perdiccas he woulde be and stande to the iudgemente and saying of Brasidas Also the Chalcydes that desired to bryng the sayd Brasidas to their affaire shewed and perswaded hym that he shoulde not busye hymself with a longe and difficille warre at the appetite and desyre of Perdiccas Consideryng specially that those men that Perdiccas had sent to Lacedemonie for to haue succous had proponed declared that he would cause that many of his neyghbours should be reduced to the amitie of the sayd Lacedemonians And therefore with good cause prayed him that he would be content to appoinet the same differeÌ„ce for the publique weale of the Peloponesians and of hymself Whereunto Perdiccas woulde not consente saying that he hadde not called Brasidas for to be iudge of his questions but for to ayde him to discounfyte his ennemyes suche as he shuld declare and that the same Brasidas dydde hym great wronge to beare Archibeus agaynst hym Considered that he susteigned half charges of all that armye This notwithstaÌ„ding Brasidas against his wille came to parlement with Archibeus Whome he perswaded so by woordes and declaracions that he retourned with his armye By reasone whereof Perdiccas fromthence forwarde in stede that he payd the moytie of the charges of that same armye payd no more but the thirde parte perswadyng hymself that Brasidas had done hym wronge thereof Howe the Athenians at the persuatioÌ„ of Brasidas lefte the partie of the Athenians And did take the same of the Peloponesians The .xi. Chapter SOone after that a lytle bifore the vintage that selfe somer Brasidas hauing the Chalcydes with him came to make warre against the cytie of Acanthe which was a colonie of the Andrians And the citizens were in great controuersie whider they shuld receyue him into the cytie or not To wirt those that toke parte with the Chalcides on the one syde and the comon people on the other partie But bicause of this that the fruytes were yet in the feldes the comon people vpon the perswation was content that he shulde enter into the towne alone speake what he would And afterwardes they would determyne what they had to do Who being entred and come to the assemblie of the people he spake veray sagely as he welle coulde do For that that he was a Lacedemonian and sayd vnto them in this manner The oracion of Brasidas to the Acanthyans THis that I haue been here sent with this armye by the Lacedemonians
that the ennemys had lately gayned all that whyche was bifore vs we determyned to leaue our cytie and to destroye our houses and to loose our particular goodes not for to habandonne and forsake our freÌ„des and allyes and to disperse ourselues into dyuers places which if we had done we had not done them any saruice but we went fourth to serche the dangers vpon the Sea wythoute hauinge regarde or shewinge any grudge againste you for that that ye came not to succoure vs in tyme of nede wherfore we may well say for trouth that we were as profitable than vnto you as you vnto vs. For youe that kepte stille the townes inhabyted and therin had your goodes and your wyues and childrenne fearing to lose them came to our ayde not somuche for vs as for yourselues For if you hadde mynded to haue done for vs youe shulde haue come thider bifore oure cytie had bene habandoned and destroyed but as touchynge vs in forsakyng our towne whiche nowe had no more fourme of a cytie for to succour yours than whan it had no great apparance to saue yt selfe we were well wyllinge to coÌ„myt and putt ourselues into the dangers of the sayd warres and by thys meane was cause for a greate parte of your saulftie and of ours where if we had bene mynded to submit ourselues vnto the kynge of Mede as many other countreis did fearynge to be destroyed or after that we had habandoned our cytie had not had the hardynes to take the seas but as people faynte harted had wythdrawen our ourselnes into sure places truly ye durst not haue comme bifore the ennemy with so smal nomber of shyppes as youe than hadde wherupon by that meane youe shulde haue bene constrayned to haue done as he wolde wythout any faightinge Nowe semeth it not vnto youe lordes Lacedemonyans that for thys our hardynes and prudence we be wel worthy to haue and obtaigne the principalitie seigniory whiche we nowe haue Whyche ought not to be enuyed nor molested by Grece for that that we gott yt not by force but partly by pursuyng the ennemyes whiche you woulde not do and partly at requeste of some of our allyes that came to praye vs that we wolde take them into oure protection and gouernance By meanes wherof we haue bene constrayned to consarue and encrease our principalitie from that tyme vntyll this presente furste for feare afterwardes for honnour and fynally for proffytt And seinge also that we we enuyed of many people and that some of our subiectes and confederates be lately rebelled againste vs whome we haue subdewed and chastised yea and that youe arne moued to departe from our amytie and haue some suspition againste vs we shulde not be well counsailled to desiste from our trauayle but we shulde putt ourselues into greate daungier Fo they that shulde departe from our obeysance shuld come vnder yours wherefore no man is to be blamed if in thynges wherin he parceyueth greate danger he prouydeth for his indempnyte And youe lordes Lacedemonyens do not you gouerne for your profitte the cyties of Peloponeâ—e And if youe had contynued in your Empyre from the warre of the Medes vntil this present youe shulde haue bene both enuyed as we be of strauÌ„gers and also molestuous and rigorous to youre subiectes And of force youe shulde aither haue bene blamed to haue bene to farre imperiall and rygorous to youre subiectes or ells haue bene constrayned to put your estate into dangier And therfore if that we haue taken and consarued the rule and superiorite that hath bene geuen vs we haue done no newe thynge nother that that ys contrary to humayne lawes and customes And also there be thre great thinges that defende vs to leue and forsake yt to wytt the honnor the feare and the proffytte And of the other parte we arne not the inuentours and authors of suche thinge for it was neuer otherwyse but that the more weake were constrayned to obey vnto the stronger And we be well woorthy and do merytt so to do in our iudgement and also by yours if you woll egally consider both proffit and reason For no man woll prefarre reason somuche bifore proffit that if any hoÌ„nest occasion be offred hym to obteigne aduantage by force that he woll lett yt slippe And they be to be praysed that in vsynge and administringe right be of nature more bening and gracious in thair gouernement than the rule ryght of gouerning requyreth lyke as we do And if our Empier came into other mens handes we thinke that they shulde better parceue yt Althoughe that for this oure bountie and gentlenes we gett more reproche than prayse whych is a thinge very vnresonable For for that that we vse the selfe lawes in our contractes and in oure iudgementes with our subiectes whyche we vse amonge our selues besides this that it is a thynge contumelious and shamefull for vs yet they repute vs to be playdors and contentious And there is not one among theÌ„ that consydereth that there ys not any people in the worlde that more geÌ„tly entreate thair subiectes thaÌ„ we do And also men do not obey to other that be playdours as men do vnto vs. For it is laufull for them to vse force against thair subiectes whyche be intierly thair obeissantes wherfore it is not for them to come therto by iudgement nor proces But concerninge ours for the libertye whyche they haue bene accustomed to haue with vs and to be egall wyth vs in iustice if a man do them wronge in any thinge by deede or by woorde be it for neuâ—r so small a matter for the opynion that they haue in the rightuousnes of oure gouernanceâ— and that it shulde not be taken from them they not only be not thankefull to vs for that the remanant was lefte vnto them that men might haue taken from them by force but also they take yt for more displeasure to lose that lytle of thair good than if at the begynnynge we had vtterly captyued them to our wille and vsed towardes them violence not iustyce And yet in this case they durste not ones haue murmured or grudged but being our subiectes by wylle they would haue thought it a great offence to disobey vs. For we see euydeÌ„tly that the people take it to be more greuous and are more angry whan they be wronged than whan they be forced Also whaÌ„ a maÌ„ speketh to defraude one or to do hym wrong it is sayde that the iustyceys comone but whan a man speaketh of constrayninge it is vnderstanded that there is a superiour vsinge wille Of this cometh yt that they whych presently be our subiectes whan they were in subiection of the Medes indured paciently thair Empyre and now ours semeth vnto theÌ„ to be harde But to a discrete parsone this is no maruaile For al subiectes do alwayes coÌ„playne of the seignyorie that is presente And if your selfe had changed our Empire and shuld rule our subiectes truly
cloked meane that they coulde not to suffer them to departe vntill that he were come again vnto theÌ„ In the meane time aryued togither his companyons of the Ambassade to wytt Hambronicus son of Lysicles Aristides sonne of Lysimachus who signefied hym that the walles of Athens were nowe of good heigh and defensible For he feared that whaÌ„ the Lacedemonyans vnderstode the trouthe of the thinge that they wolde restrayne them The Athenyans did righte well that whyche he commaunded them whereof after that he was aduertysed he came to the counsayle of Lacedemonyans and shewed them that the walles of his cytie were nowe made iâ— suche sorte that they were defensible for them that were within yt And if the sayde Lacedemonyans or thair sayde allyes woolde froÌ„thence forwardes sende thair Ambassadours they sholde sende them vnto people that vnderstode well what were eâ—pedyent and profytable for a comon wealth For at what tyme yt semed vâ—to them eâ—pedyent to forsake thair cytie and enter into thair shippes they shewed that they hadde the harte and mynde to do yt without counsaille of any othere And also sithens in all the affayres that happened duringe the warre whan they were putt into deliberation th aire opynion was founde so good as any of the other And therfore they thought yt good most expedient and profytable that thair cytie were enclosed with walles rather than to leue it open aswell for the wealth of them as of thair allyes for yt were impossible that thinges might egally be consulted vpon where as indiffereÌ„cie were not hadde wherfore it was nedefulle aither that all the cyties confederated shulde be wtout walles orells that those LacedemonyeÌ„s confesse acknowlaige that those of AtheÌ„s haue bene made with good raison The Lacedemonyens shewed not theÌ„selfe to be displeased against the AtheniaÌ„s for thies wordes For also they sent not thair Ambassade to impesch theÌ„ precisely to make thair walles but only to perswade them to put the matter into general deliberatioÌ„ For yâ— that they had theÌ„ in great loue for the good wyll that they had shewed for saruyce that they had done at the warre of the Medes Neuerthelas also they were sory to haue bene so deceyued of thair opynioÌ„ In this maÌ„ner retourned ThaÌ„bassadours of both partes wtout any declaratioÌ„ of displeasure And also the cytie of Athenes was by this meanes in shorte tyme enclosed with walles which were made with greate haste as may be well perceiued by this yâ— men may se the fouÌ„dacions to be of many sortes of stones in some places they be not â—ayde egall but as they were founde And also men may see there many stones wrought and entailled whiche had bifore â—arued for monumentes or tombes and had made the circuicte of the walle muche more large than the towne was And for this cause they toke the stuf in all places to fournyshe yt Besides this Themistocles perswaded the Athenyans to make an ende of the walle whiche he had caused to be begonne in the yeare whâ—Ì„ he was gouernour and ruler of the cytie abâ—ute the gaate of the sayd cytie that is called Pyree aswell for that that the place was very propice so as it than was and yet beinge enclosed shuld be more necessary hauing thre natural portes enclosed as also to the intent that the Citezeins might the rather geue theÌ„selfe to saylinge whyche was the thyng by meanes wherof he thought that the cytie might be made more puyssante For this cause he was the furste that had the hardynes to say to the AthenyaÌ„s that there lacked to rule the sea And incoÌ„tynently afterwarde beganne to enterprise the Empyre Thus by hys counsaileâ— the wall was made and fynyshed wherwith the porte of Pyree was enclosed so that we se it now if such largenes that two wagons may passe there al of great quartered fre stones wtin fourth made with chalke sande and on the owte side the stones be ioyned with graspes of irone with leade But yet it is not raysed aboue yâ— one halfe in height that it was appoynted to be of which was such that if it had bene so made A very fewe people though they were no warryous might haue kepte it agaynste a greate armye And the other people of defence myghte haue entred theyr shyppes for to fyght For all hys entente was principally to the affayres of the sea For thys cause as I thinke that he perceyued that the Medes yf they wolde retourne into Grece might come sooner more easely by sea than by laÌ„de Wherfore it was more expedyeÌ„t to fortefye the porte of Pyree than the cytie For this cause he oftentymes perswaded the AtheniaÌ„s that yf they were constrayned or ouercharged by lande they might retyre strength them in thys place and make all their defence by sea In suche manner the Athenyans after the departure of the Medes fortefyed theyr cytye and theyr porte wyth walles Anone afterwardes Pausanyas Lacedemonyan sonne of Cleombrotus Duke of Grekes departed from Peloponese with twenty greate shyppes And with hym went thirty other shyppes wyth Athenians togeders with a greate nâ—mber of other theyr allyes whiche wente all to lande in Cypres where they toke by force many townes and cytyes And froÌ„ thence went to Bizance which the Medes dyd yet than hold and dyd take it lykewyse by force All which thinges were done vnder the conduct of the sayde Pausanias But for that he shewed hym selfe to lofty or high and imperiall towardes the allyes and impytuous to all other and specyally to the Ionyans and those that newely had bene recouered from the obeysance of the Medes they could not indure it but prayed the Athenyans for the amyte and allyaÌ„ce that was betwene them that they woulde be theyr heades and not suffre that the sayde Pausanias shulde so oppresse and ouertreade them Wherunto the Athenyans gaue willyngly the eare and watchedde the meane and occasyon howe they might most honestlye do it So chaunced it that in the meane tyme Pausanias was sent for or commaunded home by the Lacedemonyans who had nowe ben aduertysed by many people of the vyolences that he dyd and that he gouerned hymselfe more lyke a tyraunte than a Duke And by thys meane all at one tyme he was called backe all the Grekes became vnder the obeysance of the Athenyans reserued them of Peloponese And after that the same Pausanias was come agayne to Lacedemonye he was conuicted of many violences particuler pyllages bâ—t no greate cryme coulde be approued agaynste hym Neuertheles before he was acquyted it was layde to hys charge that he had confederacie wyth the Medes And for so muche as it was in a manner clerely approued so to be they wolde not sende hym agayne to the armye to haue the charge but in hys stede they sent Docres and certayne other Capitaines with a small nomber of people But whan they were aryued at the armye the sayde men of warre seing
it amongeste oureselfe than to suffre it of ennemyes For yt ys no shame for one Doryen to be vainquishedde by an othere Doryen nor for one Chalcydian by an other Chalcydian being all neyghbours the one of the other and inhabytinge one selfe lande and one selfe Islande And we be all named by one name Syciliens and so we shalle make warre amonge ourselfe whan yt shal be requisitte And after whan we shal haue parlamented togyder◠we shall fall to agremente And yf we be wyse we shal be neuerthelas of one opynyon to chase the straungers oute of oure countrey For truly whan we shal be forcedde and oppressedde partycularlye we be all in daunger vnyuersally And we oughte not at anye tyme hereafter to calle oure allyes estraungers for to ayde vs nor for to make appoynctemente and agree vs. In whyche doing we shall fournyshe Sycille wyth two greate benefyttes the one for the tyme presente and the othere for the tyme to comme For we shalle delyuer yt frome the Athenyans and oute of the intestyne and inwarde warre wherin it is at this presente and for the tyme to comme we shall possesse it franke and free muche lesse subiecte to all espialles and to all pryuie waytinges than it nowe ys Thus dydde Hermocrates speake At whose perswation the Syciliens made appoinctement togyders In suche manner that they forsoke the warre on all sides and that euery man dydde kepe that whyche he possedde resaruedde that the cytie of Morgance was rendred by the Syracusains vnto the Camerins payinge a certayne somme of monney And that done those whyche hadde called the Athenyans declaredde to the Capytaynes and pryncypalleste of them that they hadde comprysed them wythin the appoynctemente And by that meane they contended them and retournedde fromthence wyth their shyppes vnto Athens where wyth the Athenyans were so dyspleasedde that they comdempnedde the Capytayns to wyt Pthiodorus and Sophocles into bannyshmente and Eurymedon in monney hauynge opynyon that it was their faulte that they hadde nott subduedde the Islande of Sycille and that they hadde bene induced and huyred by giftes to retourne fromthence For the Athenyans did than assure themself somuche in the prosperytie that they hadde hadde that nothynge semedde impossible vnto them For they thoughte that they myght atteigne aswell difficill and harde enterpryses as the light and easie and wyth a small armye aswelle as wyth a greate And of thys theire presumptyon the felicitie was cause whyche hadde chauncedde vnto them in many thinges beyonde all reasone And that had brought them into thys vayne glorye Howe the Athenyans failled to take the cytie of Megare by intelligence and confederation of some of the citezeins and howe it was succoured by the Lacedemonyans ☞ The .ix. Chapter THat same somer those of Megare ennoyed aswell wyth the warre of the Athenyans whyche came vpon them euerye yeare for to spoyle make waste in their land as also by the robberyes and pillages that were comytted and done by some of thei◠cytezeins whiche were bannished for the sedytion of the people and kepte themself at Pegne they entredde into communication and purposed amongest themself to reteigne and receue agayne the said bannished men for to auoyde and exchue that the cytie shuld not be lost through their differences and varyances And the frendes of the exiles bannyssed men parceyuinge that the matter began to waxe colde they made a newe requeste that the sayd exiles might be spoken wyth Than the chiefeste of the towne consyderynge that the people coulde not longe endure the euils that happened vnto them◠by meanes of the sayde dissensions they came to parlemēt with the dukes of the Athenyans to wytt Hippocrates sonne of Ariphron and Demosthenes sonne of Alcisthenes for to rēder the towne vnto them thinking that there shulde be lesse danger vnto them in so doinge than if they shulde sett agayne and receyue the exiles into it And so they accorded wyth them that they shulde furste take the longe wals whiche extended from the cytie vnto Nysee where their porte was which walls conteigned about eyght houndred stades of lenghte for to empesche that the Peloponesians shulde geue no succours to thē of the towne from the place where they had theire garnisonne for saulfgarde of the cytie And that afterwardes they shulde gett the Castell whiche was on the highest place of the towne vpon a rocke whyche thinge they thought to be easie ynough to do And whan they had ordeyned all their treatie they made preparation euerye one for his parte for to execute it And the Athenyans came that nyght to the Islande whyche ys nexte of the cytie named Mynonue wyth sixe houndred men well armed vnder the conducte of Hippocrates And fromthence they came in the tyme of nyght vnto a dyche nighe vnto the whych was a brick keele wherin the bricke was brūte for to build repayre the wals of the towne On the other syde Demosthenes was in embushemente nighe to the temple of Mars whyche was a lytle further of wyth the Plateens lightly armed some other aduenturers wythout that any parsone had knowlayge therof but those that were of the treatie And bifore that it was daye the sayde Plateens came fourth for to execute their interpryse at the openynge of the gates whyche thing they had vsed there a longe tyme byfore in thys maner The cytezeins were accustomed as people whyche lyued by pillages and by robberies to drawe in the night tyme by consente of the officer of the sayde longe walle a brigantyne in a charett the whyche they dyd caste afterwardes into the dyche and fromethence conueyde it into the sea And whā it came to the breake of the day after that they had in the nyght tyme vpon the sea done what they myght they retourned with the brygantyne fromthence and bestowedde it agayne bifore it was daye in the charrett wythin the sayd walles through the poorte itself to th ende that the Athenyans who had their garde and garnisons in the Isle of Minoue shulde not parceue theire theftes and robberies not seinge any shippe within theire poorte The sayde brygantyne than beynge brought agayne and the gate opened for to bestowe it wythin as it was in the bestowyng of it the Athenyans issued fourth of theire embushemente for to saise and take the gate bifore that yt mighte be shutt agayne by cause of the stowage of the sayd brygantyne lyke as it was appoyncted wyth them of the towne that were of the intellygence and confederation who were there ready dyd slay those that were at the kepinge of the sayd gate And the Plateens and aduenturers which were wyth Demosthenes were the furst that came to sease and possesse the poorte and entred into it by the quartier where as presently is sene a trophee or victorie addressed set vp And they repoulsed the garnysone of Peloponesians whych hauynge hearde the bruyt was come vnto the
he was eldest I canne affirme yt clerely to be true by this that I haue inquired and serched more of the common renome of that same time than any other And euery man that woll serche inquier may knowe yt by this that it is not founde that any of the legytymate sonnes of the sayed Pysistratus had any childrene but onely he as it may he parceyued by the auncient monumentes or graues that be in t he sayed temple and also by an Epiâ—aphie whiche is in the castell of Athenes grauene in stoane makynge mention of the noughtynes of the sayd tyrantes wherin no mention is made of any childreÌ„ of Hipparchus nother of Thessalus but welle of fyue chyldren whiche Hippias hadde by Callis doughter fo Hipperchide Also it is lyke to be trewe that he maryedde the eldest of this chyldren furst and also beinge eldest it is to bileue that he succededde nexte in the Seigniorye and tyrannye And it semeth not vnto me to haue any apparance that if Hipparchus had bene slayne possessyng the Seignyorye that Hippias incontmently after coulde haue obteigneddde yt and also exercise it the selfe daye that the other dyedde but rather hauyng already a longe tyme vsedde hys auctorytie imperially towardes the subiectes and lyued frendely and discretelye wyth hys adherentes and frendes feared not to reteigne and kepe hys Seigniorye and pryncipalytie whatsoeuer thynge had happenedde to hys brother euene so as hys sayed brother woulde happely haue done if that the chaunce hadde happenedde to that same Hippias for that that he was alreadye exercisedde and accustomedde in the Seigniorye But that whiche geueth thys reaporte to Hipparchus and causeth theyme that came after to bileue that he had obteigned the pryncipalitie and Seigniorye of Athens was through cause of the myschance whiche happenedde vnto hym by occasyon of that whyche is bifore sayed For parceyuynge that he coulde not wythdrawe or bryng Hermodius to hys wyll he ymagined agaynst hym one suche woorke and despyte The same Hermodius hadde a yonge suster a maydene who comminge in an assemblie of other maydens of her estate to a certene solempnytie that was made in the cytie carying a paynyer or baskette as the other dyd Hipparchus by hys ministers causedde her to retyre and to be putt oute of the sayedde compaignie sayinge that she was not calledde to the sayed solempnytie for she was not woorthy to be there wyllynge to doo it to be vnderstande that she was no maydene whereby Hermodius was more and more grudgedde and spitefull and Aristogitonne also for hys sake And so they cogiders wyth the complices of that same conspiratie determyned whan it shuld be expedient for to execute it but they taryedde the daye of the feaste whyche ys calledde the greate feaste of Panne for that that on the same daye yt was permytted to euerye man withoute any susspycion to weare harnnes throughe the towne And so yt was concludedde amongeste theyme that on the sayedde daye the same Hermodius and Arystogiton shoulde charge vpon Hipparchus and the other complices vpon the garde or sargeantes And albeyt that the same complices were in smalle nomber yet for to kepe the thynge secrettt they perswaded theymselfe that whan the other cytezeins that should be assembled should see them charge vpon the tyrantes or gouernours thoughe that they knewe nothynge of the enterpryse beynge yet in armure they all woulde ioigne wyth theyme for to recouer their lybertie Than whan the feast daye came Hippias was in a place a parte namedde Cerannicus wyth the souldyars of hys garde and ordeyned the ceremonies of that same solempnitie as it apperteigned And as Hermodius and Aristogiton came directly vnto hym wyth their daggers for to slaye hym they parceyued one of their complices that was speakynge with the sayedde Hyppias very famyliarlye for that that he was gentle to geue audience whereby they were afrayed that their sayd compaigny on hadde discouered the enterpryse and leste they shulde be incontynently takene And so determyned bifore that they would be empeigned or layde hande vpon to take vengeance on hym that was cause of their conspiracie To wytt Hipparchus if they coulde And fourthwith entred into a place called Leocorus wherin Hipparchus was And so they russhed vpon hym wyth suche a furye for hatred and disdeigne whiche they had agaynste hym that they dyd slaye hym incontinently And that done Aristogiton at begynnyng sauedde hymself amonge the souldeours and garde of the tyrantes notwythstandynge he was afterwardes takene and soore hurte but Hermodius was slayne vpon the place Hippias being aduertifed in the sayd place of Cerannicus of this matter did not soudainely repaire vnto the place where the chance was commytted but wente straight waye thider where as the people of the towne being armed were assembled for the pompe or solempnytte bifore that they had any vndersâ—andynge of the dede And makyng good chere and shewynge a ioyfull countenance euene as as no suche thynge had bene done he caused â—o comaunde them that they shulde all withdrawe themself without armure into a certein place whiche he caused to be shewed vnto them whiche thyng they did thynking that he would haue sayd something vnto them And fourthwith as they were there he sent his souldears and garde for to take from them their armure and to apprehende those whom he hadâ— in suspection pryncipally them that were founde wearynge daggers For the custome was in that same solempnytie to carye speares and targottes onely In this manner throughe foolyshe loue the furste conspiracie was bigonne and enterprysedde agaynste the Tyrantes of Athens and executed foolyshly for the soubdayne feare whiche they had that enterprysedde yt to haue bene discouered whereby greate euylle insuedde afterwardes to the Athenyans For in tyme followynge the tyrantes were more cruell than they hadde bene for that that Hippias fearynge to be circumuentedde causedde manye of the cytizeins to dye and also prouydedde hymselfe wyth allyances and frendeshyps wythout the towne for to wythdrawe and saue hymselfe yf annye mutation or change happenedde wythin the cytie For this cause he maryed his doughter named Archedice vnto Hippoclus sonne of Eantydes Tyrante of Lamsaque for that that he knewe that the sayed Eantydes hadde greate amytie wyth Darie kynge of Persie The Sepulcre or graue of whiche woman is yet to be sene in Lamsacque aforesayd wherevpon was an Epitaphe of this substance Here lyeth Archedice doughter of Hyppias defendoure of the Grekes who althoughe that she was doughter wyfe and suster of Tyrantes dydde not yett therefore annye proude or violente thynge Neuerthelas three yeares arter this whiche we haue spokene Hippias was chasedde by the Lacedemonyans and by the Alemonides oute of the Seigniorye and tyrannye of Athenes And wente fromethence wyth hys good will vnto Eantides in Sigee and vnto Lampsaque and fromethence vnto the kyng Darius and twentye yeares after beyng than verye olde he dydde come
theym that it shulde be their greate honnour to destroye all that same armye of the Athenyans whyche was so greate and to kepe them from sauynge themself both by sea and by lande and so they dyd fourthwyth enclose the mouth of the greate poarte whyche conteygned aboute eight stades wyth galleys wyth Barques and wyth all other sortes of shyppes whiche they did putte into order by theire ancres and fournyshed them wyth all thynges that was necessarye for to fight if that the Athenyans woulde haue yssued fourth by force and they prouyded for all thynges largely and dyligently Howe the Athenyans were eftsones vainquished in a battaille by sea by the Siracusains and their allyes so that they coulde not saue themself by sea ☞ The .xii. Chapter THe Athenyans perceyuynge themself enclosed by the Syracusains and vnderstandynge the reste of their enterprise they thought that it was veraye nedefull to consulâ—e and deuyse vpone that whiche they shuld haue to do And so the Dukes assembled all the capytains patrons and other conductors or loadesmen of their shipps aswell for to deuyse therupon as also vpon the prouysyon of victuaills whereof they were at that presente in greate necessitie for that that hauinge determyned to departe fromthence they hadde commaunded those of Catana that they shulde sende them no more And also they had no hope to recouer any more therof in any other place except that they might defeate the armye of the enemyes by sea For thys cause they determyned to habandone and forsake the furste walle whyche they had made in the most height agaynst the cytie and for to wythdrawe themself as nighe as they coulde from wythout the poarte and there to enclose forteâ—ie themself as strongly closely as they might so that they might haue sufficient space for to wtdrawe their vtensiles their sicke people fournish the same with men for to warde it to putt all the other souldears whiche they had into their shippes aswell good as badde togiders with all their baguage to the intente for to fyght incontynently and if they had the victorie to saille fromthence straight vnto Catana and if they were vainquishedde in the Combate by sea to burne all their shippes and to departe fromthence by lande to the nexte place of frends that they coulde fynde were it of Grekes or estraungers The whyche thynges beyng so determyned were incontyneÌ„tly executed and put in vre For fourthwith they forsoke the furste walles that were nexte the Cytie and descended towards the poarte and caused to embarque all their people of whatsoeuer sort that they were suffycient and hable for to fyght whyche were in all and of sortes a houndred and tenne shippes wythin the whiche besydes the men of armes and the Archers or casters of dartes was wythdraw in all that they coulde gathere togyder whereof they myghte haue nede After that all thys was done Nycias seynge hys warryours astonyed and discouraiged for that that contrary to their opynyon and whooly contrary to that whyche had alwaies chanced vnto them before tyme they had bene vainquished by sea and that without hauinge prouision of victuaills were constrayned to take the hazarte against al the accustomed order he caused them all to assemble and dyd speake vnto them in this mannerâ— The speakinge and exhortation of Nycias to his souldyars LOrdes Athenyans and youe other our allyes that be here Thys battaille that we muste presently make ys common to vs all for that that euery man laboreth here for the welth of himself of hys countrey lyke as also our ennemys do For if we haue the vyctorie in thys battaille that we muste make by sea we maye retourne fromthence euerye one into hys countreye wherefore we oughte to goo vnto yt ioyfully and not to be astonyed and dyscouraiged nother do as men do that haue no experyence who whan they bene vainquished in one battaille haue no more hope to ouercomme but rather thynke that it shall alwayes so chance vnto them But youe that be here Athenyans men experymented in so many warres and also youe other our allyes and perpetuall frendes ought to consyder that the yssues and chances of warres be vncertayne and to thynke that the fortune may aswell comme in our fauour as she hath bene of the other And vpon thys hope trustinge in the promes of so greate nomber of people as youe be here to prepare yourselfe to render vnto thennemys that whyche they haue done to youe in theire former battaille and so farre as toucheth vs your capytains and heddes be ye assured and certayne that we omytt not to do any thynge that may be necessary or conuenyent for the affayre but rather hauynge regarde to the qualytie of the poarte whiche is straicte wherby at the other tyme the disorder chanced vnto vs and also to the castelles and tables of theire shippes wherewyth they dyd greate euilles vnto vs we haue prouyded for all wyth the patrons capytayns of the ships accordinge to the opyrtunytie of the tyme the beste that hath bene possible And also we haue put wythin our shipps a multitude of Archers slyngers of darts muche more greate than we shulde haue done if we shulde haue fought at large in the sea for that that to kepe and obserue the discipline and order of the sea yt is muche contrary to ouercharge the shippes wyth people but that same shal be here proffitable for vs forsomuche as we shall fyght in our ships as thoughe that we were on lande And also we haue deuysed that it is nedeful for that that we haue not had tyme to make agayne and tacle our shippes anewe for to resiste the thickenes of the poyncts of theirs and of the pieces of tymbe that come fourth of theirs whyche was the pryncypall cause of our ouerthrowe to haue graspes of yrone yf we maye fynishe them for to fasten and wythholde theyme whan they shall comme to schocke vpon vs to the intente that they shalle not retyre For we be brought vnto thys that it is conuenyent for vs to fyght with our shipps as if that we were in the mayne lande Wherfore it is expedient that we do not disseuer ourselues from the shippes of our ennemys whan we shal be ones assembled and also that we suffre not theym to departe from ours consydered specially that all the lande is our ennemye resarued that same lytle parte nigh vnto the poarte whyche we haue garnyshed wyth our people The whiche thynges hauynge in memory ye oughte to fyght so longe as youe shall haue aither force or strengthe and not to suffre youreselfe to be repoulsed to the lande And after that youe shall haue accroched any shippe determyne not to suffre yt to eskape vntyll youe haue destroyed all the warryours wythin yt And I exhorte youe all so to do not onely the maronners but also the men of armes and somuche the more that this is the worke rather of those that haue for to fyght
not succour them of Thase Who by these meanes were constrained by the lengthe of the assiege at the ende of thre yeares to render them to the wylle of the Athenyans whiche dyd rase downe theyr walles and toke from theÌ„ all theyr shyppes And further caused them to pay all that that they could make at that tyme and taxed great stipendes to be payde in tyme to comme But by thys meane they lefte them theyr territorye and the mynes of metalls that were in the mountaygnes Duryng thys tyme the Lacedemonyans perceyuing that the warre which they had begonne agaynst them of Ithome dyd draw to be very longe they sente to all theyr allyes to haue succour and ayde of theÌ„ And amonge the other towardes the Athenyans for that they semed vnto them most expert to assaulte townes walles and that by theyr ayde they myghte take the towne by lengthe of siege whiche they myght haue done for the Athenyans sente vnto them Cymon with a greate bende yf the Lacedemonyans had not suspected the sayd Athenyans wherby afterwardes open discorde folowed discorde folowed betwene them For that that the Lacedemonians seyng that the towne receyued them not they beganne to doubte them and to feare the audâ—citie of the Athenyans and theyr redynes to enterpryse newe thynges In such sorte that they doubted that they of the towne hadde some intelligence or confederation with theÌ„ by meane wheroâ— they shewed theÌ„ that for that tyme they had no more nede of theyr succour And vnder thys coulour lycenced them to depart reteignyng neuertheles alle the other confederates Wherupon the Athenyans knowyng euydently that thys was done for suspytyon and not for other cause toke this lycence to great dyspleasure For they thought well that they had not meryted that same towardes the Lacedemonyens And therfore beyng comme agayne to Athenes and hauyng made reaporte to the cytesens they departed from the amytie and allyance that they had made with the Lacedemonyans at the warre of the Medes and dyd reallye themselues with the Argyues who were ennemyes of the Lacedemonyans and both two togidres made allyance with the Thessalyans But in the meane tyme they that were within Ithome seynge them to weake to resiste the might of the enemys beyng also anoyde by the length of the siege which they had nowe susteigned nighe vpoÌ„ tenne yeares they made appoinctement with the Lacedemonyans By whiche it was ordeyned that they shulde auoyde the towne and all the countreye of Peloponese in suertye wythout euer to retourne thyder And yf any of them were found there that he shuld be bondman vnto hym that toke hym which appoinctment those same Lacedemonyans made through occasyon of an aunswere that they had had before durynge the warre by the Oracle of Apollo pythius Which was of suche substaunce The Ithomyan that shall requyre mercye ought to be suffred to passe And the Ithomyans being by thys meane chased from theyr landes withdrewe themself all with theyr wyues and householdes towardes the Athenyans Who for the hate that they had agaynste the Lacedemonians receyued them willyngly and sente them to inhabit the Islande of Naupacte which they had newely conquered And they hadde chased from thence the Locres Osolyans And in a manner at the self same tyme they of Megare departed frome the allyance of the Lacedemonyans and rendred them selues vnto the Athenyans By occasion of thys that hauyng warre agaynste the Corinthians for theyr lymytes or boundes the sayde Lacedemonyans sent them no succoure And by this meane the Athenyans do holde Megare the towne of fountaynes which they name Pegase which place of Megare they fortefyed with thicke walles the extended from the cytye vntyll the ryuer of Nysee And the same Athenyans caused those walles to be warded by theyr people whiche was the furste cause of the enmytye betwene the Athenyans and the Corinthians It chaunsed vpon thys that Inarus sonne of Sannyticus kynge of Lybyans that be borderers to the countreye of Egypte hauynge assembled a mightye puyssance in hys citie named Marye sur le Phare entred into the sayde countreye of Egypte which was than in the subiection of King Artharerses and so what by force and what by treatie wythdrewe a greate parte to hys obeysance and that done sent towardes the Athenyans for to make allyaunce with them Who at that tyme were aryued at the Islande of Cipres with two houndred shyppes aswell of theyr owne as also of theyr allyes And after that they had harde and vnderstanded the requeste of the sayd Inarus they lefte the enterpryse of Cypres and wente from those parties and by the sea entryng into Nylus they toke at theyr aryual two partes of the cytye of Memphis And the thyrde named the whyte walle they besieged Wherunto were retyred the Medes the Perses that were escaped from the other two partes with the Egyptians that were not rebelles On the other syde in the self same tyme the Athenyans that wente fourthe wyth theyr shyppes nyghe vnto Habie dyd fight agaynste the Corinthians against the Epydauryans and were vainquyshed But anone after in a battayle by sea which they had agaynst the Peloponesyans nere vnto Cecriphale they had the victorye And agayne after hauyng begonne warre agaynst the Egenytes they had there an other great battayle betwene them by sea nygh vnto Egyne in the which all the allyes and confederates of bothe partyes dyd mete wherof lykewyse those Athenyans had the victorye and dyd wynne or drowne .lxx. shyppes of ennemys And pursuyng theyr victorye entred into lande and besieged the sayde citie of Egyne Hauing Locrates the sonne of Stribus for Capitaine whiche seynge the Peloponesyans dyd take the quarell of the saide Egynettes as theyr allyes and sente to theyr succoure for the begynnynge thre houndred meÌ„ Corinthians and Epidaurians who occupied the promontoryes of Geranee And on the other syde the Corinthians with theyr allyes entred in battayle into the lande of Megare thinkyng that the Athenians hauing an armye in Egypte and at Egyne could not defende in so many places and at the least yf they wold defende the countreye of Megare they shulde be coÌ„strayned to rayse theyr siege from before Egyne whiche notwithstandynge they dyd not But all they that coulde beare harnnoies aswell olde as yonge came out of the cytye and met the Corynthyans before Megare And so dyd fyght agaynst them And the battaile was so egall that aither of the partyes pretended to haue had the victorye therof But the Athenians dyd make and set vp theyr Trophe or signe of victorye pretending to haue had the better for that that they abodde and kepte the caÌ„p By meane wherof the Corinthians that were retourned into theyr cytye seynge that the auncyent cytezeins blaymed them for that they were retyred came agayne twelue dayes after for to plante and set vp theyr Trophee foranempste the same of the enemyes But
and on the sea syde by the galleys of Phenycians In suche manner that the greater parte were drowned and the other saued themselfe with force of oores Suche ende and yssue toke the great armye and enterpryse of the Athenyans and of theyr allyes in the countreye of Egypte After the whiche Orestes sonne of Echratydes beyng chased from the countrey of Thessale by the kynge of the sayde lande named Phassalus had recours to the sayde Athenyans and perswaded them in suche wyse that they enterprysed to set hym agayne into the sayde countreye And so came with ayde of the Beocyans and Phocyans to lande in Thessale And toke that that was in fyrme lande nyghe the sea and kepte it so longe as they helde themself in battayle all togethers for the horsmen of the kynge withstood◠them to enter any further into the countrey By occasyon wherof seyng that they coulde take no stronge towne nor execute theyr enterpryse they retourned without doyng any other thynge but that they caryed Orestes wyth them Anone after a thousande Athenyans that were in the place of fountaynes named Pegase whiche they helde entered into theyr shyppes that they had there and came to arryue in Cycione vnder the conducte of Porydes sonne of Xantypus And beyng landed they descomfyted an armye of Syconiens that came to ouerrunne them This done they toke the Archers into theyr compaignye and passed through Acarnie for to comme to take the the cytye of Emade and so assieged it But seynge that they coulde not take it they retourned And thre yeares after they made truse for fyue yeares with the Peloponesians Duryng the whiche albeit that they kepte abstynence of warre in Grece yet they made an armye of two houndred shippes aswell of theyrs as of theyr compaygnyons wherof Cymon was chyef capytayne and they wente to aryue at Cypres being at which place they were called backe by Amyrteus king of the maryces and forestes of Egypte and so they sente to the sayde countreye of Egypte thre skore of theyr shyppes The reste remayned at the siege before the cytye of Cyrcye But beyng Cymon theyr capytayne there deade and they in greate necessitie of victuayles they departed from the sayd siege to haue retourned and sayllynge foranempste the cytye of Salamyne whiche is in Cypres they foughte aswell by sea as by lande agaynste the Phenycyans and agaynste the Ciliciens and had in bothe battaylles vyctorye and afterwardes they came againe into theyr countrey And also the other shippes of theyr bende whiche were gone into Egypte After thys the Lacedemonyans beganne the warre that was called consecrated and hauing taken the temple that is at Delphos dyd delyuer it agayne to the people of the towne But it taryed not longe that the Athenyans came thyder wyth a mightye armye whiche toke it agayne and delyuered it to kepe vnto the Phocians Anone after the bānyshed men that the Athenyans had chased from the countrey of Beoce hauyng occupyed Orcomenye Cheronee and some other townes of the sayde countreye the Athenians sente thyder a thousande men of theyrs with an other nomber of theyr allyes as they myghte redelye get them vnder the conducte of Tholmydas sonne of Tholmee And so toke agayne Cheronee and furnished it wyth theyr people And retournynge from thence they were encontred by the sayde bānyshed men Beotiens who had assembled the bānyshed of Eubee the Locres and some other takyng theyr partye who descomfyted them The more parte of them beyng slayne and the other taken prysoners By whose meane by deliuering of them the Athenyans made appointment with the sayde Beotiens restored them to theyr lybertie And by occasyon therof all the bannyshed and other that were gone from the sayd countrey retourned thyder incontinētly vnderstandynge to be set agayne into theyr former lybertye It taryed not longe after that the Islande of Eubee rebelled agaynste the Athenyans and so as Perycles whome the sayd Athenyans had sente with a greate armye for to brynge them into theyr obeysance was in hys iourneye for to go thyder he receyued newes that they of Megare were lykewyse rebelled and had slayne the garnysone of Athenyans that were wythin excepte a small nomber which saued them self at Nisee And those had gott one vnto theyr intelligence or confederation from the Corynthians the Sycionyans and the Epidauryens and moreouer that the Peloponesians shulde enter with great puissance into the lande of Athenes Understandyng the whiche thynges he lefte the Iourneye of Eubee and came agayne to Athenes but before that he arryued the Peloponosyans were nowe entred into the countreye Attique that is to say of Athenes and had fourraged and pylledall the lande from the cytye of Hellusyne vntyll the felde named Thrasius hauyng for theyr Duke and Capitaine Plistonactes sonne to Pausanias Kynge of Lacedemonyans And that done without passyng any further were retourned vnto theyr houses whiche seing the Athenyans dyd afresh sende Pericles with the armye into Eubee who subdued all the Islande by compositiō reserued the citie of Hescie which he toke by force And for that cause chased awaye from thence all the inhabitantes and inhabyted it with his people A◠retourne from that same cōqueste or very shortly after the appoinctment was made for thyrty yeares betwene the sayd Athenyans on the one partie and the Lacedemonians theyr allyes on the other partye through which those same Athenyans rendred Pysee les fountaynes Trezenie and Achaye whiche was all that which they dyd holde from Peloponese It chaunsed that the Sixt year after the sayde appointement great warre was moued agaynste the Samiās and the Mylesyans by reasone of the cytye of Pryene And seinge the Mylesyans that they were not myghtye or stronge ynough for theyr enemyes they sente to make theyr complaynctes towardes the Athenyans by consente and intellygence of some partyculer cytezeins of Samye that wente aboute to make an alteracyon or chaunge in theyr cytye At whose persuasyon the Athenyans wente wyth fourty shyppes agaynste the sayde cytye of Samye the sayd cytye of Samye And so brought it agayne to the gouernaūce of the cōmone estate and toke of them fyfty yonge infantes and fyftye men delyuered for hostages whome they lefte for paunde in the Islande of Lemne Afterwardes hauyng lefte theyr garnysone at Samye they retourned But anone after theyr departure some of the cytezeins whiche were not in the cytye whan the Athenyans had so oppressed it but perceyuyng theyr commynge were withdrawen into dyuers places in the mayne lande by consente and delyberatyon of the principall of the cytye made allyance with Pissuthnes sonne of Hiscapsis who than gouerned the cytye of Sardes And he sent them seuen houndred men of warre with whome they entred by nyght into the cytye of Samye dyd fighte agaynst the commons that had the gouernaunce In suche manner that they had the vpper hande
And mynding not to make himselfe more suspected hopinge also by monney to iustefye and purge him from crymes that were layde vpon him wente to Sparte with the sayde sargeaunte But fourthwith as he was arryued he was putt in prysone by ordenance of the sayd Ephores Who haue auctorytie to cause to be brought thider the kinge hymselfe Yet he came fourth incontynently by meane of certayne whome he had corrupted by monney came to present himselfe to the counsell ready to make aunswere vnto them that wolde charge him Nowe neither the Citezeins nor his ennemys had no apparant wytnes or accusation for to condeÌ„pne nor punishe him Specially beinge a man of the lignage of kynges and also of greate dygnite and reputacion For he had bene tutor of Plistarcus sonne of kinge Leonydes and in hys name had as tutor the admynistration of his roialme Howebeit the insoleÌ„cie and fiercenes of his lyfe and that he folowed in many thynges the manners of strangers made him muche suspected to haue intelligence with them to Imagine some thinge to rule amonge them that were hys And consideringe many thinges that he had done against the lawes and customes of the cyte they made yt a great matter amongeste other for that that beinge in the temple of Delphos through a maruaillous audacite arrogancye he wrott in a table of brasse whyche the Grekes hadde there offredde of the spoille of the Medes certayne verses of this substance After that the Duke of the Grekes had descomfited the army of Medes Pausanias gaue this offeringe to Phebus which verses the Lacedemonyens caused incontynently to be taken awaye and to be defaced And caused to be put in place of that that Pausanyas attrybuted only thys glory vnto hymselfe the name of all the cytes confederated whiche had bene at the battaile against the strangers And furthermore he was charged and accused of an other matter which sarued better to the present accusation That is that he had as some sayde made greate secrete treaties and coniurations with the prisonners of the cytie promysinge to geue them lybertie and to make them Citezeins if they wolde ryse in armure wyth hym and wolde do that whyche he wolde commaunde them whiche was a true matter But yet it was not laufull to iudge agaynste him by accusation of prysonners accordinge to the lawes By whiche it was prohybited to procede to any execution diffinitiue agaynste any Cytezeine of Sparte without vndoubtfull and certayne wytnes and accusation So it chaunced in thies procedinges as it is sayde that one his domesticall seruante of the cytie of Argille whom he had abused carnally in his yougth whyche was that same that had charge to tary to Artabasus the laste lettres that that same Pausanias had wryttone to the kynge Xerres came to discouer the case vnto the Ephores And the occasion wherfore he did it was for a suspitioÌ„ that he had bicause that he had sene none of the other messengers that the same Pausanias had sente vnto the sayd Artabasus retourne agayne Wherfore fearynge that it shulde myschaunce him he caused to couÌ„terfeate the seale wherwith the letters were sealed that he might seale them agayne after that he hadde redde them if he founde therin nothynge of that whyche he had fantased and to the intent also that the sayd Artabasus shulde not parceyue that they had bene opened Hauinge than openned and redde theym he founde amoÌ„gest other thinges that wherof he doubted That is that by the same Pausanias did write to Artabasus that he shulde slaye him whiche he incontyneÌ„tly brought to the said Ephores wherby they were greatly instructed accordinge to thair imagination that they hadde agaynste the sayd Pausanias But yet the better to knowe the trouthe they wolde gladly vnderstaÌ„de it by his mouthe and so did vse this cautele They founde meane that the sayd seruant came to render himselfe within the temple or place of Tenarus as one man that hath offended his maistre And putteth him into franchise or sanctuary And did him to vnderstande that he came thider to speake with him whiche thing he did And on the other syde two of the Ephores were hidde within a very secrett place so that they might heare and vnderstande all that whiche Pausanias and his seruant saide togither with out beinge perceyued Pausanias beinge than come to his man and hauinge demanded him what was the cause for whyche he had putt him into franchise he declared to hym that he had opened the letters and shewed him all the tenour lamentinge hymselfe for that that by the same his sayd maistre had commaunded hym to be slayne notwithstandinge that in all the treaties that he had hadde with the kinge wherin he trusted in hym he neuer founde in hym faulte wherefore he thought it vnreasonable that he had ordeyned that he shulde be slayne As the other messengers had bene whome he had sent thider bifore which were but commune people Wherunto Pausanias aunswered confessinge the whole to be true and yet went about to appayse and kepe him that he shulde not take it angrely swerynge to hym by the temple where he was that he wolde neuer do hym harme And prayinge hym that he wolde with all diligence goo towardes the sayd Artabasus to the intente that the matter were not empesched All which thynges the sayde Ephores hauinge well vnderstanded and by this meane holdinge the case to be very true and well wytnessed did ordeyne that the said Pausanias shulde be apprehended within the cytie But as the two Ephores came alongest the strete agaynste hym he perceyued by the countenance of the one and by the token that the other that was hys frend made vnto him that they came to take hym And so he ranne awaye for to gett the temple of Pallas bifore that they might take him But bifore that he came to the sayd temple withdrawing himselfe into a litle house whiche was therunto adioigninge for to haue repoosed himself a litle he was ouertaken by them that folowed hym Who descouered the toppe of the same house and lett kepers to the gates in suche sorte that he coulde not comme fourth But he was kepte there so longe that he dyed for hunger But bifore that he gaue vp the ghoste they that kepte hym seinge that he dyed dyd drawe hym oute of that place whyche was halowed euen so beinge in a traunse as he was Who incontynently dyed bitwene thair handes And after his deathe the Ephores were of opynyoÌ„ to caste him into a great caue wherin were caste all the cariongâ—s of them that were putt to deth by iustice Yet afterwardes they changed thair opynyon and caused hym to be buryed in a pytte there nyghe vnto it But a certayne tyme after by reuelation and aunswere of the god Apollo of Delphos they were commaunded that they shulde take hym out of the sayd pytte and shulde bury hym in the place where he yelded vp the ghoste whiche thinge they did And
yet at this present day the sepulcre may be sene bifore the temple lyke as appeareth by the letters that be grauen in the stone of the sepulture And moreouer they were commaunded by the oracle of the god that for to purge the sacrilege that they had committed by violating of the teÌ„ple of the goddesse that they shuld in stede of one hys body reÌ„dre twayne whyche they dydde And in the stede of Pausanias whome they had taken they offred him two images and statures of copper By this meane nowe the Athenyans for to aunswere to the Lacedemonyans touchynge the sacrilege wherewith they charged them rendred them the contrary Sayinge that it was requysitt also that they shuld pourge this cryme and oultrage whyche they had done to the goddesse Pallas whiche by the god Apollo was iudged sacrilege ¶ Howe Themistocles duke of Athenyans beinge persecuted aswell by them as by the Lacedemonyans withdrewe himselfe towardes the kynge Artaxerxes and there ended hys life ☞ The .xvi. Chapter WHan the Lacedemonyans had vnderstande the aunswere of the Athenyans they sente vnto them againe thair messengers signyfying theÌ„ howe that Themistocles had bene consentynge and parttaker of the selfe conspiracy that Pausanias had done like as they sayd to appere by his proces whiche they kepte within the temple Requiringe the Athenyans that they shuld lykewise punishe the sayd Themistocles The whiche thing the sayd Athenyans lightly did beleue And all with one accorde sente aswell from Sparte as fro Athenes people for to take the sayd Themistocles Who in that same time beinge bannished from Athenes kepte himselfe in the cytie of Argos the more part of the time but oftymes he weÌ„t through the couÌ„trey of Peloponese Being than aduertised of that same deliberation he departed from Peloponese went from thence by sea to Corcyre knowing that the people of that same cytie loued him for many plaisiâ—s and benefites that he had done them But they shewed him that if they receiued him they shuld cause the Spartaynes and the Athenyans to be thair ennemys And so they sett him a land in the coaste of the Islande nexte vnto them And after perteyuinge that he was stille pursued he wtdrewe himself towards Admetus king of Melosses although he knewe him not to be his frende And not finding that same king in his cytie for that he was than absent he came to render himself to the quene his wife who bad him to take their son by the hand to tary in thair house vntil the coming of the king who taried not long bifore he retourned And whaÌ„ he was arriued Themistocles came to present himâ—elf shewed him That albeit in the tyme that he was duke of Athenes that whaÌ„ the same king was at thair mercy he had spokeÌ„ against him in certaine thinges yet were it not reasonable that he shuld take veÌ„geance of him at that houre that he was coÌ„me to reÌ„der himself to his marcy in somuch as the things were not like for he was thaÌ„ in much more poore estate thaÌ„ the kinge was whan the said Themistocles iniuried him And yt apperteigned not to a noble couraige to take veÌ„geance but against his egalls And on thoder part whan the said Themistocles was against him the said king trauailed onely to do his proffit for goods not to saue his life as the said Themistocles presently did For if that he restored him vnto theÌ„ that pursued him he were cause of his death After the Themistocles had made thies declarations being set vpoÌ„ the grouÌ„d with the same son of the said Admetus which is a facioÌ„ to require the most effectuously that might be the same king caused him to arise promised not to restore him to the LacedemoniaÌ„s AtheniaÌ„s whiche thinge he perfourmed notwithstanding that sone after thair messengers came to hym and made many great declarations for to perswade him to restore hym But vnderstandinge that he wolde goo to the kinge Xerxes he caused him to be accompanied by lande vnto the cytie of Pydue whiche is situated vpon the shore of the other sea appertaigning vnto AlexaÌ„der In which place he entred into a shipp which was willinge to go into IonuÌ„ But by fortune of sea he came to lande for anempste the cytie of Nare whiche the AtheniaÌ„s did holde assieged wherof the sayd Themistocles was greatly astonyed yet discouered not himselfe to the patrone of the shippe who knewe not bifore what he was nor for what cause that he fledde but sayde vnto him in this manner If thou sauest me not kepe me secret I wol say to the Athenyans that thou hast taken monney of me for to saue me But if thou doist saue me I woll recompense the habuÌ„dantly or liberally And the remedy is that thou suffre not any of them that be in the ship to go fourth but kepe them here at ancre vntill we haue winde for to departe whiche thinge the patrone graunted him and laye at ancre a daye and a nyghte Afterwardes hauinge recouered the wynde he halsed vp the saile for to goo towardes Ephasus Beinge arryued at whiche place Themistocles parfourmed that whych he had promysed And gaue him a good some of monney For anone after it was largely brought to hym aswell from Athens as also from Argos From thens Themistocles toke his iourney by mayne lande with one maroÌ„ner beinge a Persyan And so wrotte letters to Artarerxes who than newely succeded Xerres his father in the roiaulme of Mede and of Perse whiche were of the tenour that folowith I come vnto the kynge Artarerxes I Themistocles that haue done many doÌ„mayges to thy house more than any other Greke by that I was constrayned to resyste thy father who assayled me But I dyd him much more saruyce afterwardes whan yt was laufull for me to do yt For he was beholden vnto me for his retourne which was right daungerous And this said he for that that after that Xerxes had lost the battaille by sea at Salamyne that same Themistocles wrott vnto him that he shulde haste to retourne fayninge that it was enterprised to breake the bridges where he shulde retourne and that he had empesched it After folowethe the reste of the Epistle And nowe that the Grekes do parsecute me as thy frende I comme hither to do the muche saruyce But I am determyned to soiourne here one yeare and afterwardes to shewe the causes for whiche I am comme The king hauyng red his letters maruailed at his wytt and graunted him that whiche he demaunded to tary there one yeare wher he was bifore to come vnto him within which tyme he lerned all that was possible both of the language and also of the maÌ„ners of the Persiens Afterwardes he came vnto the kinge and had more authoryte about him than any of the Grekes that euer came thider aswell for the dignite and great reputacyon that he had had bifore as also for that that
diligeÌ„ce Yet they arryued at Delos before that the Athenyans parceyued them fromthence they came to Clarus to Myconus where they furst did vnderstand that the towne of Mytylene was rendred and geuenne ouer and yet neuerthelas the better to know the trouth of the matter they came vnto Embatus in the countreie of Erythreus Beinge in which place and vnderstaÌ„ding for trouth that it was than .vii. dayes passed sens the said cytie of Mytylene rendred itself they helde counsaill amonge themselfe for to determyne what they had to do wherupoÌ„ Teuciaplus yâ— HelyeÌ„ did speake in this manner Alcide youe other my compaignions and collegues whiche be here Capytaines of this armye for the Peloponesians this is my aduyse that we go straighte to Mytylene bifore that the Athenyans be aduertysed of oure commynge For it is to bileue that we shall fynde many thynges yll warded and kepte as it comonly chaunceth in a towne newly takenne and specially on the sea side wherby they doubted not that anye succours shulde comme and we be very stronge It is also to beleue that their souldyars be disparsed and ronne out of order throughe the lodginges as men haue accustomed whan they haue the victorie wherfore I thinke and haue good hope that if we go to lande there by night assayle theÌ„ soubdainly wyth the ayde of theÌ„ of the towne if there be any that be affectioned to our partie we shall haue honnour of oure enterpryse And we oughte not to feare the daungier But oughte to remember that that is comonly said of the feates of warre whyche ys that they be varyable There ys no other matter but by those meanes as I do shewe youe For if the Capytaine do kepe hym self at his defence and espieth his ennemye and canne assaylle hym with his aduauntaige he commeth oftentymes to the beste of his enterpryses Thus didde speake Teuciaplus But yet neuerthelas he coulde not drawe Alcidus to his opynyon Some other bannished from IonuÌ„ and from Lesbos which were in that armye shewedde the sayde Alcidus that sithens he feared the daunger to goo to Mytylene he shulde go to take one of the Cyties of Ionum orelles the cytie of Cumes in the countreye of Eolide from whence they mighte goo and cause the Ionyans to rebelle agaynste the Athenyans for they thoughte that they shulde goo into none place where they shulde not be receyuedde at theire wylle and plesure And by thys meanes that they shulde take fro the Athenyans a greate revenue that they leuyed vpon that countrey and also shulde recoâ—er vnto them that whiche shulde be sufficient for to enterteigne and paye their armye if they taryed there any tyme. And also they sayed that they had esperance the Pissuthnes wolde tourne to their parte But Alcidus was not of this opynyon nor yet of the othere bifore And vnto his the gretest parte of them that were in that same counsaille did agre whiche was that sithens they had faylled of the enterprise at Mytilene they shulde wythoute longer taryinge retourne into their countrey whiche thinge they did Beinge than departed from the porte of Embatus they came to arryue at the Isle of Myonesus whiche is bilonginge to the Teyens At whiche place he caused to be slayne manye prysonners that he had taken in that same sayling on the sea By reasone wherof whan he was arryued at Ephesus the Ambassadours of the Enyens that be in the Isle of Samos came vnto hym and shewed him that the lybertie of Grece was not well maigteigned to kille them that were not ennemys and had not taken armure against them but were allyed onely with the Athenyans through necessitie And that if he contynued so to do he shulde neuer withdrawe the confederates frome the Athenyans to the allyance of the Peloponesians but rather their frendes wold bicome their ennemys Throughe whiche declaration Alcidus gaue lycence to many prysonners that he yet had of Chio and of other places whyche he hadde takenne ryghte easely and wythout resistence For that that whan they didde see the shippes vpon the sea they fledde not awaye bifore them but came towardes them thinkinge that they had bene Athenyans For they neuer thought that the Athenyans kepinge the sea the shippes of the Peloponesians euer durste passe IonuÌ„ After that Alcidus departed in haste and as flyinge frome Ephesus For he was aduertised that he yet beinge at ancre at Clarus was sene and discouered by two ships comminge from Athenes To wyt by that same of Salamyne and by that other of Parale wherfore fearynge to be pursued by the armye of sea of the Athenyans he went into the depthe of the sea to the intente not to approche to any lande with his good wille vntill he arryued in Peloponese Herof were aduertised Paches and the Athenyans on all sides And specially by one certayne messenger that was sente by them of Ethreus For the cytes of IonuÌ„ that were not closed with walles were in greate feare that the armye by sea of the Peloponesians passynge a longe their countrey though they were not willinge to arrest or tary there that yet they wold lande for to pillage the townes that they founde in their waye Likewyse the ship of Salamyne and that same of Parale affyrmed to haue sene the armye of thennemyes at Clarus For thys cause Paches sayled for to pursue Alcidus and followed him with the greateste diligence that he might vnto the Isle of Latmos But seinge that there was no hope to tary him there he retourned backe And he thoughte that he had gott on inoughe that he founde them not in the meane sea for than he shulde haue bene forcedde to haue assaulted them and to kepe great watche ouer them And in retourning he wente vnto the cytie of Notion in the countrey of the Colophoniens by this occasion The Colophoniens holdinge that same cytie Itamenes and certayne strangers wyth him had by meanes of one debate that was amonge the Citezeins occupyed the fortres of the towne whiche was in fourme of one Castelle separated from the walles of thother body of the towne And afterwards about that same tyme that the Peloponesians was last entred into the countrey of Athens a great noise was afreshe moued betwene them that were comme newly to inhabitt in the cytie and the auncyent Cytezeins Through occasion wherof they that kepte the towne forteâ—ied themselfe vpon the walles that departed the towne from the castelle and hauinge with them souldyars estraungers whiche Pissuthnes and the Acardyans had sent them they accorded with theÌ„ that were in the Castell holding the partie of the Medes in maÌ„ner that all togither shuld gouerne the estate of the towne and the other that wolde not holde that partie they fledde out of the cytie and sent vnto Pachesâ— requirynge of him succours who beinge arryued bifore the towne caused Hippias to be called vnto him who was capytaine of
thenterpryse of Lesbos renewed and strengthenedde agayne their armye by sea and sente them into Corcyre vnderstanding that the towne was in deuision knowinge that the Athenians had in all but twelue ships in that quartier which they kept at Naupacte For this cause they ordoned to the sayd Alcidas Brasidas that they shulde departe from the sayde place bifore the Athenians shulde parceyue yt thinkinge that the matter shulde come to good effecte through the dissension that was amonge the Corcyriens By occasion of thys that those amonge them that were takenne by the Corynthians in the bataylle by the sea that was at Epidanne beynge by the same Corynthyans sente agayne vnto their houses vnder coloure to go to seke the raunsonne that their frendes of Corinthe hadde aunswered for them whych amountedd to foore skoore talentes but for the trouth to practyse the other Corciriâ—ns and to bryng agayne the Citie into the obeysance of the Corciriens they dyd the best that they couâ—de towardes the other Citezens for to cause them to departe from the allyance of the Athenyans So it chanced that duringe thys tyme arryued two shyppes at the porte of Corsyre the one sent by the Corinthiens and the other by the AtheniaÌ„s And in both of them were Ambassadours from the sayde two Cities for to practyse and get the Corciriens whiche were hearde and had audyence the one after the other And the conclusion and answere of the sayde Corciriens was that they wolde remayne allyes and confederates of thathenians accordynge to their pacâ—es and coÌ„uenauntes and with the Lacedemonians they wold contynue freÌ„des as they had accustumed Which aunswere deliberation was so made through the persuacion of Pithias Who thaÌ„ had greatest auctoritie in the towne and had made himselfe a burgeose of Athens By occasion wherof the other that laboured to the contrary as we have shewed caused him to be called into Iudgemente charginge him that he woulde brynge the Citie into subieccion of the Athenians But he was absolued and discharged of that accusacion And anone after he accused fyue of the sayde aduersaries the rychest of all chargynge theÌ„ that they had rased downe the pales that were at the closture of the temple of Iupiter and Alcinas in whiche case the penaltie was ordeyned by theyr lawe to be one sâ—ater for euery pale which was to much for them to paye for this cause being condeÌ„ned they withdrewe themselfe into franchise within the temple for to obteyne a moderation of the sayd penaltie Bâ—t Pithias did empesche the moderacion and exorted the other Citezenis to cause them to paye it with the vttermost Than those that were persetuted considering that he had the aucthoritie in the senate and that so longe as he had it thother wolde take no other parte but that same â—hat the Athenians dyd take they assembled together in good nombre with their daggers entred impytuously within the senate and so did slay Pithias and of the other aswel senatours as priuat CitezeÌ„s to the nombre of threscore The other that toke parte with Pithias saued them selfe in ryght small nombre and rendred them into the shippe of the Athenians which yet was within the porte After that the coniuratours and conspicers had done this execusion they assembled and shewed them that the which they had done was for the weale of the Cytie and that they shuld not be reduced to the seruitude of the Atheniens and in the remenante they ought to shewe themselfe newter betwene the Athenians and the Peloponescians and to signefye them and make answere to them both that they shulde not come into their porte but peasablie and with one shyâ—e onelye and that they that shulde bringe any more shuld be holden and reputed for ennemies which decree being hy them so publyshed and the people constryned to confirme it they sente certeyne Citezens to the Athenians to sygnifye vnto theÌ„ what was done and to shewe vnto them that it was couenaunted that they shuld so do and also to perswade vnto the Corciriens that had withdrawin them selfe â—hyder that they shulde not purchase or procure any inconuenient whereby troble might chauÌ„ce vnto the Citie But they being aryued in the Citie were incontinently taken as sedecious people to gyders with them that had subourned and pâ—ouoked them therunto and were sent prisoners vnto Egine In the meane time the princypall Citezeins of Corcyre that toke parte with the Corynthyans the galley and the Ambassadours of the sayd Corinthians being aryued russhed and furiously dyd set apon the comynaltie of the Citie which defendid it self for acertayne tyme but at the ende they were vanquysshed and dryuen back to yâ— nygh to night they were constreyned to retyre into the fortresse and to the hygh highest places of the citie in whiche places they beynge fortefyed seased them selues of the gate hillaicquus The other that had had vicâ—ory seased themselues of the markete place rounde aboute the whiche they had the more parte theyr houses and of the gate that is of the lande syde at the descente and going downe frome the saide markett place On the morow they had an eskarmiche wyth strokes of stones and dartes onely And euery of the parties dyd sende iâ—to the feldes to practise and gett the sklaues on his partye promysinge to geâ—e them lybertye who more redely did chose the parte of the cominaltye Bâ—t vnto the other there came eyght houndred men wyth succours out of the quarter of maine land And so they came againe to battille one only daye bitwene two the furste In the whiche the comynaltye had the uictorye aswell for that that the place wherin they dydde fyght was most to theyr aduauntage As also for that they were more people in nomber And morouer the women of the towne who toke theyr parte ayded them maruelously by an hardenesâ— moore greate than theyr condition did suffer in susteigning the sturdynes and strengthe of the ennemyes and casting tyles and stones frome the toppes of the houses downe vpon them The principall Citezinis being than put into disorder and flyght vpon thentringe of the night and fearyng lest fourthwith the comynaltie wiâ—h great crye force wold come to gett the porte the shippes which they had that doinge shulde slaye them all they sett fyer in the houses that were apon the markett place and aboute yt aswell in theyr owne as in the same of others for to empesche that the comunaltye shuld not passe that waye By meane of which fyre marchandises of a ryght greate price and valure were burned And if the wynde had blowen againste the cytye it had bene in greate daunger to haue bene vtterly and holy burned aâ—d by this meane the strife cessed for that night And they kepte them selues in armure aswel on the one syde as on the other euery man in his quarter But the shippe Corinthyan that was in the porte vnderstaÌ„â—dynge that the comynaltye had had the victorye departed secretly and
was voyde and hollowe all alonge Afterwardes they fastened yt wyth yrone at bothe endes And also alengthe very artyfyciallye aftere manner of a pipe and to one of the endes they fastened wyth chaynes of yronne a greate cawdrone of brasse whyche hanged from the sayd piece of tymber downewardes by the sayd chaynes And at the ende of the beame there was a hollowe pype of yronne whyche tourned and crooked downewarde agaynste the cawldrone for to caste ryghte into the cauldrone the wynde that came alonge oute of the ingyne the whyche beinge so acheuedde and made as ys aboue sayd they caused it to be drawin and caryed wyth greate charettes vnto the walle whiche the Athenyans had made on that syde where the mooste parte was of woode And in raysinge yt vp they dyd sett the ende wheron the cauldrone was vnto the syde of the sayd wall full of cooles brymstone and pytche And to the other ende whyche was on their syde they applyed greate bellowes by blowynge whereof they caused incontynently through the wynde whyche passed alongâ—ste through the Engyne into the caudrone that all the matter that was wythin did lighten and caste a greate flame wherwyth the wall was anone fyred and burned By occasion wherof they that deâ—ended themselfe were constraynedde to forsake it And by thys meane the Beotians dyd wynne it And of those that were wyâ—hin there were taken twoo houndred prysonners Of the other one parte was slam and the other saued themselfe in the shyppes that were in the hauone of the sea Thus the temple of Delos was recoueredde .xvii dayes after the battaille And soone after retourned the heraulte of the Athenyans which dyd knowe nothing of the sayd takinge or recouerey for to demaunde agayn the dead men To who the Beotyans dyd render and delyuer them wythout speakynge vnto hym anny more of that that they had declared at the othere tyme. And there was founde aswell of those that were slayne in the battaille as at the takynge of Delos on the partâ—e of the Beotians nyghe to fyue houndredde and on the othere partie of the Athenyans about a thousande And amongest other Hippocrates one of their dukes besydes the foremâ—n light armed and the victuaâ—liers whyche were a greate nomber On the other syde Demosthenes who was gone to Siphas by sea seynge that hys enterpryse hadde faylled hym he issued fourth of hys shipps wyth four houndred men aswell of the Agryans and Acarnanyans whyche he hadde ledde awaye as of the Athenyans into the lande of Sycionians But bifore the reste were landed for to followe and to pursue those there the Sycionyens who yssued fourth for to defende their lande came to assayle them and repoulsed and dyd chase them backe euen into their shippes and so dyd slaye one parte of them and many of them were takene prysonners ¶ Howe Brasidas duke of the Lacedemonyans dyd take the Cytie of Amphipolis soubdaynly and some other in the countrey of Thrace by treatye aud apoynctemente ☞ The .xiii. Chapter IN that same tyme whan the thinges were done at Delos wherof we haue spokene Sytalces kynge of Odrysyans dyed in battaill against the Tryballes wyth whome he began to warre And Seuthes sonne of Spardocus hys brother succeded hym aswell in the realme of Odrysians as in other landes and seigniories whyche he helde in the countreye of Thrace And in that same wynter Brasidas wyth the allyes of the Lacedemonyans in that sayd countrey moued warre against the cytie of Amphipolis whiche was situated vpon the ryuer of Strymone For that that it was a Colonie of the Athenyans And bifore that they had peopled wyth their nation the place where the cytie presenâ—ly standeth Aristagoras Milesius flyinge the persecutioÌ„ of the kinge Dariusâ— had furste inhabyted yt but he was chased fromthence by the Edonyans And than the Athenyans .xxxii. yeres after sent thyder teÌ„ne thousand meÌ„ aswel of their people as of other assembled froÌ„ all quarters whych were all destroyde by the Thracians nyghe vnto Dranesque Notwythstanding .xxix yeares after those same Athenians sente thider agayne of their people vnder the conducte of Agnon sonne of Nycias who chased the Edonyans fromthence and founded the cytie suche as yt presently is whyche was bifore named the newe wayes And whan the sayd Agnon came thyder to make it he departed frome a towne whiche the Athenyans had in the mouthe of the ryuer named Eionus wherein they made theire estaple and called it Amphipolis by cause that it was enuyronned on both sydes wyth the ryuer of Strymone and so enclosed it wyth a wall that wente from one arme of the ryuer vnto the other And builded it in a place of a conuenyent heyght so that it was fayre to se aswelle towarde the sea as to the lande Brasidas than beinge at Arnes whyche is a towne in the terrytorye of the Agryans departed fromthence wyth hys army and arryued aboute goynge downe of the sonne in Aulone and in Bromisque on that syde where the lake of Bolbus voydeth itselfe into the sea And after that he had supped he toke hys iourney in the nyght whyche was very darke and also it did snowe and was veray foule whether so that he aryued bifore the cytie wythout beinge parceued by them that were wythin Resarued some wyth whom he had intelligence whiche were partly of the Argylians that be in the countrey of Andrie were come thider for to inhabitt and partly of other whyche had be practised and wonne aswell by Pardiccas as by the Chalcides But pryncipally the Brasides whyche was adioygninge vnto them were of that intelligence and confederacy and had bene alwayes ennemys of the Athenyans and espyed and layd in wayte to take pryuely the sayd cytie Those same than that were inhabitedde there as afore ys sayde hauinge concluded the treasone wyth Brasydas by consente of them whiche than had the gouernance of the cytie dyd suffre him to come in And the same night they rebellinge froÌ„ the Athenyans came to lodge wyth the army of Brasidas nighe the bridge that was on the ryuer distant a verye small space frome the cytie whych was not thaÌ„ closed wyth walles as it presently ys And though that there was a nomber of people that kepte the brydge yet aswell by cause of the nyghte as of the foule wether and also of the soubdayne arryuall he repoulsed them easely and wonne the brydge and dyd take all the cytezeins that dwelled wythoute the cytie in the suburbs except some small nomber whyche saued themselfe in the towne wherof they that were wythin were greatly afrayed and chiefly for that that they greatly doubted amonge theÌ„self the one the other And the sayinge ys that if Brasidas had aswell approued to take the cytie as he suffred hys people to pillage the suburbs he had than takene yt But in the meane tyme that hys people did geue themselfe to pillaige those
allyance wyth them Whiche offres the saide two Argyues dyd make of their pryuate authoryte wythout knowlayge or coÌ„sente of the othere wherunto Agis made them aunswere likewise without therevnto calling anny other parsone but only one of the iudges or threasurers of the armye who was appoynctedde to hym for a compaignyon in that same warre amongest them four they concluded a trefues for foure moneths Duryng the which tyme the causes aboue sayd shuld haue bene treated vpon And that done Agis retyred wyth hys people wtout speaking otherwise to any of the allyes nor also wyth the Lacedemonyans All the whyche dyd followe him for that that he was generall of the armye and for to obsarue the souldarly lawe and disciplyne But that not wythstandynge they blamed hym greatly for thys that hauynge one so greate and apparante occasyon of victoire consydered that the ennemyes were enclosed on all sydes aswell wyth footemen as also wyth horsmen he departed fromthence wythout doynge there annye thynge worthye of so fayre an armye whyche was one of the greatest that the Grekes had yet made in all that warre and retyredde all vnto Nemea where they soiournedde certayne dayes Beynge in whyche place yt was iudged by all the Capytayns and chief of warre that they were puyssaunte ynough for to defeate not only the Argiues and their allyes but also muche more people if they had bene there and fromthence they retourned all throughly angred euery one vnto hys quarter But yet the Argyues were more displeased agaynste the twooâ— whyche hadde accordedde the appoynctmeÌ„t for their partie saying that the LacedemoniaÌ„s shuld neuer haue had so honneste occasion for to wythdrawe themself to their aduauntaige for they thoughte that hauinge so fayer an armye aswell of their owne people as of their allyes and moreouer beynge wythin the viewe of their cytie they shulde easelye haue defeated the sayde Lacedemonyans Beinge than departedde fromthence they went altogyders into the towne of Charadrus in the whyche before that they entred into their cytie wold leue of their armure they were willyng both to knowe of the warre and to determyne of the questyons of the warre and of the mylytary souldearly causes And so they concluded amonge other for to stoane Thrasylus But he saued hymself wythin the temple and yet neuerthelas they confiskated all his monney that he had there In thies enterfaictes and they beynge yet there aryued a thousand fotemen fyue houÌ„dred horsmen whom Lachetes and Nicostratus brought vnto them from Athens vnto whom they said that they shulde retourne for it greuedde theym to breake the appoinctemente that hadde bene concludedde wythe the Lacedemonyans in whatsoeuere manner that it hadde bene made And although that the sayde Capytaynes of the Athenyans demaunded to be presentedde wyth their people vnto the comynaltie of Argos yet the sayde Capytaynes of the armye woolde not agree vnto yt vntill that the Mantynyans and the Elyans wythe greate requeste hadde obteignedde yt of the Argyues Beynge than broughte in bifore the commons of Argos and byfore the allyes that were yett there Alcibiades who was generall of all the bende shewedde theym that they hadde no power to make peace nothere treatye wythe the ennemyes wythoute their consente and sithens that he was there acyuedde at the terme that he hadde promysed wythe hys bende that they oughte to begynne the warre agayne And in suche manner he perswaded theym by hys oratyon that they departed all at that presente for to goo agaynste Orchomenia whyche is in the countrey of Arcadie excepte the Argiues who albeit that they hadde bene of the same opynyone were neuerthelas slacke but soone afterwardes they dydde followe the othere and all togyders dydde laye siege to Orchomenia and vsedde all the force that they myghte for to take yt aswelle wyth Engynes of artillerye as otherewyse for they hadde greate desyre to take the same towne for manye reasons but pryncypallye for thys that the Lacedemonyans hadde bestowedde there wythin yt all the hostages that they hadde takenne of the Arcadyans The Orchomenyans fearynge to be takenne by force byfore that the succoures myghte comme vnto theyme for that that theire walles were not stronge and that the ennemyes were in ryghte greate nomber they made appoynctemente wyth theym by meane whereof they became theire allyes in rendrynge the hoostages that were wythin the towne and in delyuerynge some for theymselfe vnto the Mantynyans Aftere that the Athenyans and othere allyes hadde takenne Orchomenia they deuysedde whider they shoulde goo at theire departure fromethence For the Elyans woolde that they shulde haue gone into Lepreum the Manâ—ynians into Tegea vnto whose opynion the Athenyans and Argiues dyd agree wherupon the Elyans despised theÌ„ and retournedde fromthence into their houses The other abodde at Mantinea and preparedde them selfe for to go to Tegea where they had some coÌ„federation wyth certaine of the people of the towne who shulde haue brought them into it The Lacedemonyans after that they were retourned from Argos blaymedde greatly Agis for the trefues that he had made and that he had not brought the sayde cytie into their obeissance hauynge the fairest occasion and the beste meane that euer they myghte haue hadde nothere wythoute greate payne coulde haue For yt semed vnto them very difficille and harde for to assemble agayne at an other tyme one so fayere an armye of theire allyes as that same was there But whan the newes came of the takynge of Orchomenus they were muche moore angry and anymated agaynst hym In such sorte that they determyned to beate and battre downe hys howse whyche thynge had not bene sene in the cytie and for to condempne hym in a houndred thousande drachmes so greate was their anger against him Yet notwythstandinge he so excused hymself and made vnto them so many requestes thereby promysinge to recompense â—hat same â—aulte by some other greate saruyce if they woulde lett hym haue the charge of the army wythoute doynge that whyche they hadde determyned agaynste hym that they were contente to leaue to hym the sayde charge wythout doyng hym other euil But neuerthelas they made a newe lawe whych neuer bifore hadde bene made wâ—ereby they created twelue counsaillours of the said cytie of Sparte for to assiste hym wythout whome he might nother conducte an armye out of the cytie nor make peace trefues nor treatie wyth the ennemyes Howe the Lacedemonyans and their allyes dyd wynne one battaille againste the Athenyans the Argiues and their other allyes in the lande of Mantynyans ☞ The .ix. Chaptre IN thys meane tyme dyd come a messenger froÌ„ Tegea who broughte theym newes frome those in the towne that if they were not ryghte shortely succoured they shulde be constraynedde for to render themâ—elfe vnto the Argiues and to their allyes wherof the LacedemonyaÌ„s were greatly astonyed and thereupon dyd all arme themself aswel fre as bonde wyth greater diligence than euer they had done and wente fromthence to
by none othere meane but in beinge puissante by sea whyche is the onely occasyon through whyche the Peloponesians haue lost their hope to vainquishe vs and moreouer if they shal determine for to enter into our lande they may do it although that we shall not haue sente thyder thys armye by sea And also they cannot thereby hurte vs wyth their armye by sea for that same of ours whych shall remayne shal be yet so puissant as theirs Wherfore beinge required by oure allyes and frendes to go to their ayde we cannot shewe them any reasonable cause wherfore we shulde not do it and in not doinge it why they shulde not reproue vs and say that ayther it is greuous vnto vs to do yt orells that we haue vnder vayne and fryuolus excuses refused the ayde whyche we be bounde to delyuer them by our othe And also we cannot pretende agaynste them that they haue not succoured vs in oure warres for we ayde them not in their countreye to the intente that they shulde comme to ayde vs in oures but to the ende that they shulde busye oure ennemyes whyche be there wyth them in warre and do them somuche anoyance that they haue noo power to comme to assaille vs in thies parties And by suche meane we and all other that haue acquyred greate empyres and seigniories haue encreasedde and maygnteyned them in geuinge promptely and liberally succours to them that haue demanded yt of theyme were they Grekes or Barbarous For if we refuse to geue ayde to them that require it of vs or if we woll debate to what sort of people we shulde accorde or refuse in that doynge we shalle not obteigne greate thinges And thys whyche we haue acquired we shall putt in dangier Furthermore men ought not to attende to defende theire fortresses vntill he that is the stronger comme to assaille them but rather to prepare them in suche sort bifore the chance happene that he feare to come thider And also it lyeth not in our free will to appoinct an limit to our Empire for to say that one shal passe no further But rather sithens that we haue yt it is nedefull to wayte that we be not circuÌ„uented of the one and also to defende ourselfe from the craftes and deceittes of the othere For if we haue not domynion ouere the othere we be in daungier to be ruled by them And also we shulde not desyre nor take reste in that sorte as the other do excepte we lykewyse determyne to lyue of that sort as they do lyue CoÌ„â—sideryng the whyche thynges and that in executinge oure enterpryse we shall increase oure estate and seigniorâ—e we ought to mounte into the sea and to go thyder for to beate downe the courage of the Peloponesians whan they shalle parceyue that we contempninge and despysinge them shall passe into Sycille without willing to vse the reste that presently we may haue â—or if the enterprise dotake good eâ—â—ecte as it is to be bileued that it shall do we shall obteigne the empire ouer all Grece or by the woorst that may chaunce to the proffit both of vs and our frendes we shall greatly endommage the Syracusains And howe soeuer it happeneâ— hauinge our shippes in those parties we may wythout oure losse or dammaige ayther abyde there if we haue the better or els comme agayn froÌ„thence whan we shall thynke good for all the Sycilians woll rule themself after oure wylle And the talke of Nycias who pretendethe to preferre reste bifore trauaille and to sowe diuision and sedytion amonge youe oughte not to bringe the yonge men to be at contention wyth the olde but rather ye oughte all wyth one accorde to insue and foâ—lowe the actes dedes and examples of our ancesters And lyke as by counsaillinge and consultinge the yonge wyche the olde vpon generall affayres they haue encreased and established oure Empyre in that estate wherein yâ— presently ys youe shulde by the selfe meanes and reasons nowe assay for to encrease and enlarge it and to esteme that nother the yoâ—gthe nor the age is any thynge worthe the one wythout the other but rather to consider that the feâ—ble the stronge the meane whan they be all togider well agreinge do cause the comon welth to tryumphe And to the contrary whan a cytie ys ocyous and yyle yt destroyeth and corrupteth it self euen of it self And that lyke as all other thynges ware aged by reste euen so shall our dyscyplyne do but by exercysing vs in dyuers warres it maignteigneth and amendeth by many experyences For a man obteigneth not science for to defende and warde hymself by speakyngeâ— but by accustommyng and exercysynge hymselfe in labours and in feates of warre And for effecte and conclusyon my opynyon is that whan a cytie whyche hathe bene accustomedde to busynes and trauailles doth geue itself to lyue in reste yt cometh shortlye vnto destructyon and that those amongeste all other be moste assured whyche rule and gouerne their commone welthe alwayes of one sorte after theire auncyente lawes and customes yea though they be not in all partes good After that Alcybiades had thus spokenne the Ambassadours of the Egestains and of 〈◊〉 Leotiâ—s came fourth Who wyth great instance requyred that the succours myght be sente vnto them remembringe the othe that the Dukes of Athens had made vnto them Whereupon the comon people hauinge hearde their requeste and the perswation of Alcybiades was yet more enclyned and encourayged for to execute the sayde enterpryse Which parceyued by Nycias and that there was no remede for to reuoke it according to his opynion by the meanâ— he thought that by an other meane he might haue letâ—ed the enterpryse to wytt by declarynge vnto them that a greate preparation was to be made for the executyon of yt And so dyd speake vnto them in thys manner The narration of Nycias vnto the Athenyans meanynge by an indirecte or contrary perswatyon to breake of the enterpryse of Sycille ☞ The .v. Chapter INsomuche as I parceyue youe all determyned lordes Athenyans for to execute this enterpryse I desire that it maye come to passe accordinge to oure hope And therfore I wyll shewe yow myne aduise in that whiche semeth to me to be done at thys presente For as farre as I vnderstande we go agaynste many cyties bothe greate and puissante the which be not subiected the one to the other and which desyre not to change their estate and manner of lyuing for thys is to be done of those that be in greate seruitude for to comme to more lybertie and ease and that hope to be delyuered fro subiection and somuche the lesse they beinge franke and free will bicomme oure bondmen and subiects Amongest the whyche cyties there be many inhabited by Grekes Of the whyche Excepted Naxum and Catana the whyche I hope wel that they wyl tourne to our syde for the affynitie that they haue wyth the Leontins I parceyue not that there be many of the
Athenyans as also of the Peloponesyans ☞ The .iii. Chapter AFter that the Athenyans had appoyncted their sayde prouysions for Sycille they sente twenty galleis aboute Peloponese for to defende and wythstande that no ships shulde passe fromthence out of Corinthe into Sycille For the Corinthyans after that the Ambassadours of the Syracusayns whyche were comme for to require newe succours were arryued vnderstandynge the affayres of Sycille to be in better estate dyd yet take more couraige and semed vnto theym that the armye whyche they had sente bifore was come all in tyme. For that cause they prepared for to sende thider renforte or newe succours of men in the platt Barques and the Lacedemonyans wyth the reste of the Peloponesians did the lyke So the Corynthyans armed xxv galleys for to accompaygnye their Barques and to defende them agaynste the galleys of the Athenyans whyche attended and lay in wayte for them in the passage at Naupacte As touchyng the Lacedemonyans as they prepared their succours beynge vrgently moued aswell by the Syracusains as by the Corynthyans vnderstandinge moreouer that the Athenyans sente newe succours into Sycille for to empesche that and chiefly through the counsail of Alcibiades they determyned for to enter into the lande of the sayd Athenyans and at the beginnynge to mure and walle in Decelea And the Lacedemonyans enterprysed that same wyth the better couraige by cause that they thoughte that the Athenyans hauynge greate warre in twoo coastes to wytt in Sycille and in their oune contrey shulde be the moore easely subdewed and vaynquished And also that they hadde iuste quarelle forsomuche as the Athenyans hadde furste broken the appoinctement whiche thynge was whole contrary to the other former appoynctement For the rotture or breache beganne on the bihalf of the Lacedemonians for that that the Thebains had inuaded Platea without breaking the appoinctement And though that it was ordonned by the same that warre shulde not be moued agaynste hym that submitted hymself to the iudgement of the other confederated Cyties and that the Athenyans offredde to stande therunto yet alwayes the Lacedemonyans wolde not accepte the offre by occasion wherof they thought that with good cause they hadde receiued many mischances in the warre whyche than was made and speciallye at Pylus But after the laste appoinctement the Athenyans had sente thirty ships out of their sea and wasted one partie of the terryâ—orie of the Epidaurians and of the Prasyens and also of some other countreys and kepte men at Pylus who robbed and spoylled the confederates wythout any ceassynge And whan the Lacedemonyans sente vnto Athens for to demande restytution of the goodes that were takene and in case of refusal that they shulde commytt the thynge to knowlaige accordynge to the artycles of appoynctemente yet wolde they neuer doo yt For thys cause yt semedde to the Lacedemonyans that as the fault offence of the breache which was in the former warre was coÌ„mytted on their bihalfe so was iâ— nowe in the partie of the Athenians by meane wherof they went against them with the better harte And so they commaunded to the other Pelonesyans that they shulde make prouysyon of Irons for the walles at Decelea in the meane tyme that they prouydedde for other matter therunto necessarie and moreouer constrayned theym to fournishe monney for to sende succours into Sycille for their portion lyke as the self LacedemonyaÌ„s did And in thies enterfeats ended the wynter whych was the .xviii yeare of the warre whych Thucydides had wryttonne In begynnynge of spring tyme the Lacedemonyans wyth their allyes entred soubdaynely into the lande of the AthenyaÌ„s vnder conducte of Agis sonne of Archidamus kyng of the same Lacedemonyans And at the furste arryuall they wasted and pillaiged the platte countrey that was at the entrynge and afterwardes dyd geue themselfe to enclose Decelea wyth walle and delyuered to euery of the Cyties confederated accordynge to hys quantytie to make one quarter of the sayde walle Nowe the same cytie is afarre of from Athens aboutes seuene skore stades and well nighe asmuche out of the countrey of Beotie And for that cause beynge enclosed with walle and garnished wyth men one might oute of the same pillage ouerronne the plat couÌ„trey vnto the Cytie of Athens In thys same tyme that the walles of Decelea was in buildinge the Peloponesyans that taryed in the countrey sent the succours into Sycille in their Barques To wytt the Lacedemonyans sixe houndred of the moste gentle compaignyons of their esklaues and of their laborers vnder the conducte of Eurytus of Sparte The Beotians three houndred vnder the conducte of zenon and of Nycon of Phebes and Egesander the Thespian Thies here were the furste that at there departure frome Tenara in Laconium lauÌ„ched into the meane sea Sone after the Corynthians sente fyue houndred men aswell of their people as of the Arcadyans whyche they had soulded or hnyred of whome Alexarchus the Corynthian was Chief and wyth them there were two houndred Scycionians vnder the conduct of Sargeus Sycionien On the other syde the .xxv. galleys whyche the Corynthians hadde sent the wynter precedynge agaynste the twenty of the Athenyans that abodde at Naupacte for to kepe the passage were foranempste the sayde Naupacte so longe as the Barques whyche caâ—yedde their souldyars passed by At the self same beginnynge of the sprynge tyme whan the walles were buildinge about Decelea the Athenyans sente .xxx. galleys aboute Peloponese vnder the conducte of Charycles to whome they comomaunded that he shulde go fromthence in their name vnto the Argiues to requyre them that they woolde sende and fournishe wyth men for to fylle the sayde galleys accordynge to their allyance and on the other syde in ensuing their determynation touching the affayres of Sycille that they shulde sende thider Demosthenes wyth .lx. shippes of theirs and fyue of those of Chio. In the whyche there was twelue houndred warryours Athenyans and of the Islanders asmanye as they coulde assemble and of theire othere allyes all those that they myght recouer beinge men of warre and commaunde the sayde Demosthenes that in passynge he shulde ioygne wyth Charicles and bothe togiders shulde pillaige and ouerronne the couÌ„trey Marytimate of Laconie The whyche Demosthenes sailled fromthence straight to the poarte of Egyne wherin he attended those of his souldyars that were not yet come and lykewyse the retourne of Charicles who was gone vnto the Argyues ¶ Howe the Syracusains and the Athenyans had a battaille wythin the porte of the Cytie aswel by sea as by land wherof both parties had victorie in dyuers respectes and of many other combates and feats of warre whyche were done in the same Siege ☞ The .iiii. Chapter IN the self tyme that the thynges abouesayde were done in Grece Gylippus came agayne to Sarragosse wyth greate nomber of people that he hadde assembled and wythdrawin oute of the Cyties of Sycille wherin he hadde bene So he
ioigned that it semed not to theym good that the same estate of foore houndredde shoulde endure wherefore euerye one of theym inforced hymself the moste that he myght to acquire and get credytt with the people for to be pryncipall in auctorytie Neuerthelas those which were the pryncipalles of the sayd foore houndred trauailed to the contrarye somuche as they might and chiefly Phrinicus who whilest that he was Duke and chief of those that were at Samie had bene contrary or aduersary to Alcibiades And also Astiochus who had alwayes bene contrary to the common estate and lykewyse Pysander Antiphon and the other that were the moste puissante in the cytie who after the tyme that they had embrased and takene the admynistration and also after the change and sedition that had bene at Samie sente ambassadours of their oune bodyes and conueyde them to Lacedemonie and wente aboute to maignteigne the gouernemente of the smalle nomber wyth all their power and also caused the walle of Eetione to be repaired and heighthened And after the retourne of their ambassadours whcihe they had â—ent to Samie seing that many of their oune secte changed their wylle who had bene taken for constante and fully determyned in the affaire they sente readelye Antiphon and Phrynicus with tenne other of their bende eftesones to the Lacedemonyans and did geue them charge for to appoynct with them for and vpon the lesser euyll that they myght prouyded that the appoynctmente shulde be tollerable And this did they for feare that they had aswell of those that were at Athens as of those whiche were at Samie And as touchynge the wall that they repaired and heighthenened at Eetione they dyd it as Theramenes sayed and those that were wyth hym not somuche for to empesche that they whiche were at Samie might not enter into the porte Pyreus as for to receiue the army by sea and by lande of the ennemyes whaÌ„ they would forsomuch as the same place of Eetione ys at the entrynge into the poorte of Pyreus in manner of a cressente or half a circle whereby the walle whyche they made for the coaste of the lande rendred the place so fortefyed that it shulde be in their power wyth a small nomber of people that they myght putt wythin yt to suffer the shyppes that shulde comme to enter or for to empescher or kepe theym fourth for that that the same place ioigneth to the other tower of the poorte whyche hathe a veray straite entrynge and besydes that reparation which they made at Eetione they repayred the olde walle that was wythoute Pyreus of the coaste of the lande and buylded a newe wall wythin yt of the coaste of the sea and bitwene both made great halles and Stoarehouses into the whiche they constraynedde euerye one of the towne to brynge and bestowe the corne whiche he had in hys house and also the same that was from without by sea they caused to be discharged there and they that were mynded to haue therof were constrayned to go and buy it there Theramenes had already bifore that the later ambassadours wente frome the foore houÌ„dred to Lacedemonie diuulged and opened theis thinges to witt that the foore houndred did make the sayd reparations prouisions for to receyue the enemys But after that they were retourned without doing any thing he did speake publishe more openly that the same wall which was caused to be made shulde be cause of puttinge the estate of the cytie into danger for at the self tyme dyd come thider xlii ships of the ennemis wherof the one parte were Italians Siciliens that came froÌ„ Peloponese to witt of those that were sente into Eubea certene other were of those that were lefte in the porte of Ye in the countrey of Laconie of whom Agisandridas sonne of Egisander the Spartian was chief wherupon Theramenes sayd that they were not arryued there somuche to saylle their voiage of Eubea as for to ayde those that made the sayed walle of Eetione and that if they made not verye good watche there was greate danger leaste they shoulde take Pyreus secreatly or by stealthe And that whyche Theramenes and those that were wyth hym dyd speake was not wholy lyes nor sayed for enuye For truely those whyche helde the estate of a small nomber at Athens would gladly if they myghte haue gouerned the cytie in lybertie and vnder their auctoritie and to haue bene hable to commaunde the subiectes in the name of the sayd cytie as representing the common welth But if they coulde not defende and maigteigne their auctoritie they were determined hauing the porte the ships and the forteresse of Pyreus in their hande to lyue there in suertie fearing least if the people dyd retourne vnto their former common estate they shulde furst be destroyedde And if than they myght not saue and defende theymeself there rather than to fall into the handes of the people they determyned to lett the ennemyes into Pyreus but so that they shulde not haue nother the shypps nor the fortresses in their handes and to capitulate and conferre wyth them â—ouchynge the estate of the cytie the beste that they coulde so that their parsones myght be saued For thies respectes they kept good watche and warde on the walles in the portes and in the reste they aduaunced theymself the moste that they myght to buylde the places where the ennemyes myght haue entryng and passage forth fearyng to be soubdainly takene and preuented the which enterpryses and delyberations were furst deuysed and treated vpon amonge a fewe people But sithens Phrynicus after hys retourne oute of Lacedemonie was hurte in the myddest of the markett place by one of those that warded wheeupon anone after hys retourne frome the Palais he dyed and the same man that dyd hurte hym fledde awaye But an Argiue that had ayded hym was by order of the foore houndred taken who beynge racked and demaunded to tell who had caused hym to do it coulde name no parsone And he sayd that he knewe none othere thynge but that in the house of the capytayne of the watche and of manye other cytizeins a great nomber of people dydde oftentymes assemble Whereupon and throughe occasion of that same newes Theramenes Aristocrates and the other whiche were of their confederatie aswell of the nomber of foore houndredde as other were the more chaffed and heated in their enterpryse And somouche the more that the armye by sea the whiche was at Ye hauyng takene the poorte and soiourne at Epidaure made manye coursynges and pillages in the lande of Egyne Wherefore Theramenes sayd that it was not to be bileued that if the sayd armye had bene wyllynge to saille into Eubea that it woulde haue come coursynge vntyll the goulphe of Egyne for afterwardes to retourne to Epidaure except that they had bene called by those whyche helde and fortefyed Pyreus lyke as he had alwayes said For this cause after
manye declarations made vnto the people for to cause the comons to reise agaynst theym it was fynally determyned to take Ye by force Ensuyng the which delyberation they that were busyed at the fortefyinge of Fetione ouer whome Aristocrates was chief did take one of the nomber of foore hoūdred whiche neuerthelas helde secretly the contrary parte named Alexicles and warded hym in hys oune house and after the same they toke many of them and amonge other one of the capytaynes that had the wardyng of Munichie named Hermon and that was done by consente of the greateste partie of the souldyars The whyche thynge beyng signefyed to the foore houndred whych at that tyme were in the pallais of the towne resarued those that was not pleased wyth the gouernemente determyned to take their armure weapons for to geue charge vpon Theramenes and those whiche were wyth hym Who excusynge hymselfe sayd that he was ready for to saille to Ye to apprehēde and take those that made suche nouelties And so he dyd take one of the capytaynes whyche was of hys wyll and mynde wyth hym and went to Pyreus Unto whom Aristarchus and the horsemen were aydynge whereby a greate and horrible tumulte was incontinently stirred vp For they that were wythin the cytie sayd playnly that Pyreus was taken and all those that were founde wythin yt were slayne And on the other syde those whiche were wythin Pyreus thought that al those that were in the cytie had come against them So that the auntyente of the cytie had ynough to do for to kepe the cytizeins frome puttynge theymeselfe alle into armure and therin Thucidides the Pharsalien trauaylled greatly with them Who hauyng had greate amytie and acquaintance wyth manye amongeste them laboured to appaise theyme wyth swete woordes requyrynge and exhortynge theyme that they shoulde not wylle to putt the cytie into danger of destruction hauynge the ennemyes so nyghe whyche layde in wayte for theyme by meanes of whyche declarations the furye was appaysedde and all wythdrewe theymeselues into their houses Durynge thys tyme Theramenes who was officier wyth the othere beynge at Pyreus made semblante wyth woordes onely to be angrye agaynste the footemen well armedde But Aristarchus and those of hys bende whiche were of the contrary faction or secte were for trouth throughly displeased agaynste theym The whyche for all that ceassed not to procede in their busynes and worke vntylle that some of theym demaunded of Theramenes whider yt semed vnto hym for the beste to fynyshe the walle or to rase it downe For beynge by hym aunswered that if it pleased theym to grynde it downe he woulde not therewyth be angry incontynently all those whiche wrought and manye of the othere that were in Pyreus mountedde vpon the sayed walle and in a veray shorte tyme broughte it to grounde And in that doynge to thintente to encouraige the people vnto their purpose and wyll they sayd with a lowde voyce vnto the standers by thies wordes Whosoeuer hath more desyre that the fyue thousande shall gouerne rather than the foore houndred he oughte to doo this whiche we doo And that dyd they saye for to declare that they were not wyllyng to sette vp agayne the common estate but rather shewed theymself concented that the fyue thousande shoulde gouerne fearynge leaste that it shulde eskape to any of those whyche pretended to haue anny gouernaunce in the sayd comon estate for to name it by errour or ouersyght by speakynge the one to other wherof the foore houndred were muche astonyed for that that they were not contente that the sayd fyue thousande shoulde haue auctorytie nor also vnderstande that they shulde be deposed For in that doyng it shulde come agayne to the comon estate also in geuynge theym the auctorytie yt shoulde in manner be all one the auctorytie beynge in so great nomber of men And so this facion of not declarynge the thynge helde the men in feare asmuche of the one syde as of the other The morowe followynge the foore houndredde althoughe that they were yet in greate trouble assembled togiders in the pallais On the other syde those whiche were in armure in Pyreus hauynge rased downe the walle and releassed Alexicles whome they had bifore apprehended they went into the Theatre or guylde hall of Dyonisius that is to saye of Bacchus whyche is bifore Munichie within Pyreus So they helde there their counseylle and after hauynge debated vpon that whyche they had to doo they concluded for to goo into the cytye and there to bestowe their armure in the place accustomed whyche thynge they dyd And they beynge vnarmed came manye cytizeins sente secretly frome the foore houndred whyche addressed and repayred to those whyche they knewe to be moste tractable prayinge theym that they shoulde kepe the peace wythoute makynge annye trouble or tumulte in the cytie and also to defende that the othere dydde yt not shewynge theyme that they all togiders myghte name the fyue thowsande that shulde haue the gouernance and putt into the same nomber the foore houndred to suche charge and aucthoritie as they shoulde thynke good for to kepe the cytye frome danger of comymnge into the power of the ennemyes Throughe whiche declarations and requestes whiche were made by dyuers men in dyuers places and to dyuers personaiges the people was greatly quyetted fearynge leaste their dissention shulde come to the ruyne and destruction of the cytie And in effecte yt was generallye agreede that at a certene day an vniuersall assemblie of the people shoulde be made wythin the temple of Bacchus Howe the Peloponesians had a vicorye by sea agaynst the Athenyans nigh to Erithree And afterwardes howe the gouernance of the foore houndredde was abrogated and the sedition in the cytie by that meane appaised ☞ The .xiii. Chapter THe people beyng at the day assigned assembled in the temple of Bacchus bifore that any thyng had bene proponed and declared newes came that xlii shyppes were departed frome Megare for to comme to Salamyne vnder the conducte of Agisandridas Which thyng semed to the people to be the effecte of that whiche Theramenes and his followers had sayd bifore that the armye by sea of the ennemyes would come straight to the walle whyche was in buyldynge and that for the same cause it was expediente for to rase it downe And yt myghte be that Agisandridas kept hymself aboutes Epidaure and other nygh places of a sett purpose knowyng the dissension wherein the Athenyans were for to execute some good thynge if he myghte see occasion and oportunitie The Athenyans vnderstanding than theis newes departed all ronnyng into Pyreus reputyng the same domesticall and intestyne warre more greate and more dangerous than the same of the ennemyes and beyng bifore their poorte more than if it had bene in anny other place further of For thys cause some dyd caste theymself into the shippes whiche were ready and tacled within the poorte the other they did bringe to
comme for to ayde to geue order in the affaires of the citie In thies enterfeates Pysander and Alexicles and some othere of the nomber of foore houndred wythdrewe themself to Decelea But Aristarchus whiche was their chief wythout other compaignie of theyme dyd take a certene nomber of Archers whyche were there of the moste barbarous or estrangers and departed fromethence to Oenoe whyche ys a castelle that the Athenyans helde in the frontiers of the Beotiens whome the Beotiens dydde kepe assieged by cause of certene murthers that those of the sayd castelle had commytted and done to their people and there were wyth him certene Beotians that were comme of their oune mynde Aristarchus being there arryued he treated wyth the sayd Corynthians and Beotians to cause the place to be rendred vnto theym And so he dyd parlamente and speake with those that were wythin yt Doynge theyme to vnderstande that the appoynctmente was made of alle the othere differences and questions bitwene the Lacedemonyans and the Athenyans Wherfore it was requisitt that they shoulde render the sayd castell to the Beotians Unto whyche wordes and declarations those that were wythin it who knewe nothynge of that whyche was done as people that be assieged dydde geue credytt and fayth for that specially that the sayd Aristarchus was the chief of the foore houndred and so rendred the place by composition In suche manner the gouernemente of the smalle nomber ceassed at Athens and by that meane the sedition and deuision of the cytizeins Howe the armyes by sea aswell of the Athenians as of the Peloponesians sailledde into Hellesponte and there prepared themself for to fyght ☞ The .xiiii. Chapter IN the self season the Peloponesians that were at Mylet dyd knowe manifestly that they were abused by Tyssaphernes aswelle for that that none of those to whome he had commaunded whan he departed to saylle at Alpendus that they shoulde haue payde the sayd Peloponesyans their soulde or wages nother hadde delyuered theym any thynge nor also there was any newes of the comyng againe of the same Tyssaphernes nor of the shypps that he shulde bryng out of Phenice But Phillippe that was gone thider with him had wrytton to Myndarus chief of the army by sea that he neded not to attende or tarye for the sayd shyps and a Spartian named Hippocrates who was at Pharsalide had wrytton the self thyng For that cause the sayd souldiars being solycited and instanced by Pharnabazus who desyred with the ayde of the sayed armye by sea of the Peloponeâ—ians to cause all the townes which the Athenians helde in his prouynce for to rebelle lyke as Tyssaphernes had done Myndarus chief of that same armye allyed and confederated hymself wyth hym hopynge to haue some more aduantage of hym than of Tyssaphernes And for to doo the thynge more secrettly bifore that the Athenyans that were in Samie parceyued yt wyth the greateste diligence that he coulde he departed frome the sayd Mylet wyth lxxiii shyppes and dyd take hys iourney towardes Hellespont whider in the self somer were also gone xii othere the whiche had made many coursynges and pyllaiges in one quarter of Cheronese But he being in the goulf of the sayd Cheronese was taken with a storme or pyrrye and was constrayned to wythdrawe to Icare there to soiourne fyue or syxe dayes attendynge that the sea myghte be appaised and quietted afterwardes to saille to Chio. In the meane tyme Thrasylus who was at Samie was aduertised howe that same Myndarus was departed from Milett So he departed wyth lv shyppes in the greateste haste that he coulde for to be the furste in Hellespont But beynge aduertised that the armye of the ennemyes was at Chio and thynking that it would haue soiourned there certene dayes he set espyes into the Isle of Lesbos and also in the mayne lande that is in the quarter oueranempste the Isle to the ende that the sayd ennemyes shoulde not passe but that he shoulde be aduertised thereof And he wyth the reste of the armye saylledde to Methymna where he caused flower and othere victuailles to be takene in for to saille frome Lesbos to Chio yf that the ennemyes woulde longe haue soiourned there And also they were mynded to saille to the cytie of Erese for to recouer it if they coulde for that that yt was rebelled frome the Lesbyâ—ns by meane of certene bannysshed men out of Methymna whiche were of the pryncipalles of the cytye Who hauynge called out of the cytie of Cumes aboutes fyftie good men their frendes and allyes soulded or waged aboutes three houndred souldyars of the mayne lande vnder conducte of a citizeine of Thebes whiche they had chosene for the amytie allyance that they had wyth the Thebayns were saylled by sea straight to Methymna thynking to enter therin by force but their enterpryse did take no effecte For they being entred into it the Athenians that were at Mytilene in garnison did come soubdainly to the succours of the burgeoses and hauynge sought agaynste the sayd bannysshed men constrayned theym to yssue fourth agayne in the night out of the towne and dyd go straight to Erese the which they constrayned to receiue them and to rebell from the Mythileniens Thrasilus with all his armye than beinge there arryued prepared himself for to assault the towne And on the othere syde Thrasibulus who had bene aduertised at Samie of the comyng of the sayd bannysshed men to Erese was already come thider bifore with fyue shyps and moreouer two other shyppes dyd arryue there after the comyng of Thrasillus whiche came out of Hellesponte and sailled fromethence home to their houses in suche sorte that aswelle wyth the shypps that were at Methymna as wyth the other that were come thider there were to the nomber of lxvii which caryed men artillery and Engynes for to take Erese In the meane tyme Myndarus wyth the Peloponesyans shyppes hauynge made prouision of victuailles for the space of twoo dayes at Chio and receyued the payemente of the souldyars by those of the towne to wytte xliii pence for euery one the thirde daye they launched fourth and fearynge to encountre and mete the shypps that were at Erese they toke the mayne sea and leauynge the Isle of Lesbos on the leafte hande they came alongest the mayne lande for to aboorde in the towne of Carterie in the lande of Phocaide where he dyned wyth his bende And incontinentlye as they hadde dyned they passed alongeste of the lande of Cumes and dydde comme for to supper in the towne of Arginusse whyche is in the mayne lande directly agaynste Mytilene And after that they had supped they saylled moste parte of the nyghte so longe that aboutes none they arryued at Hamatus whiche is a towne in the mayne lande foranempst Methymna where they soubdainlye dyned Sithens after dynner passynge foranemste Lecte Larisse Amaxitie and othere places of
Lordes Acanthiens declareth sufficieÌ„tly that the cause for the whiche we haue proclaymed and published from the begynnyng to haue moued the warre against the Athenians is true veritable to wytt for to delyuer Grece out of seruitude And if we haue slacked to come hyther being deceiued by the hope that we haue had to haue vainquished the Athenians more sonner we ought not therefore to be reprehended Considered that thereby ye arne not incurred into any daÌ„gier And we come nowe whaÌ„ we may for to defeate the Athenians with you through our power But I am greatly abashed of this that ye shutt me out of the gates where I thought to be by you receyuedde with greate ioy and that ye shulde haue desired greatly my coming For we other Lacedemonians thynkyng of the occasion and chance of thynges that we haue made to come hither as to oure good frendes and to those that shulde desire oure comyng we haue enterprised this voiage without hauing regarde to daÌ„gers wherein we did putt our self by passyng through so long space of lande and of strange countreis for to shewe the good wille that we haue towardes you And if you haue an other wille or be mynded to resist them that shoulde purchase the lybertie of all Grece ye shall do naughtely Aswell for that that ye shall empesche youre oune lybertie as also for thys that ye shall geue yll example vnto other not to obey and receyue vs. Whiche shall bee a thynge vnâ—yttyng for this cytie whiche is puissante and reputed prudente That we being firste addressed vnto the same ye haue notte hadde wylle to receyue vs. And also I cannot thynke that ye haue any reasonable cause to do it except it should be sayd that aither I would perswade you to an vnâ—ust and vnreasonable lybertie orells that we be not puissant ynough for to defende you against the Athenians if they would herefore inuade you Which thing ye ought not to feare For if I being come to the succours of Nysee with this armye that I haue here they durst not come to fight with me truly it is is not to be beleued that they woll sende hither so great an armye by lande as they sent thider by sea And as to the other poynct I do aduertis you that I am hider sente by the Lacedemonians not for to do hurte nother damage vnto Grece but for to restore it into lybertie And I haue made greate othes into the haÌ„des of our officers to suffre al theÌ„ that I shall bring into our allyance to lyue in libertie afâ—er their lawes Wherefore ye ought welle to knowe that I am not come for to drawe you by force or by deceite trompery vnto our allyance but the contrary in delyuering you from the saruitude of the AtheniaÌ„s for to ioigne you in this warre with vs against theÌ„ And therefore I thinke that ye ought to haue confidence in me that make vnto you so great fayth of that whiche I speake And for to geue you couraige I am come puissante ynough for to defende you And if there be any that doubteth herein fearing for his particularitie that I woll not geue deliuer the gouernement of the towne to any one particuler amonges you I wouâ—d that he had more confidence suertie than thoder For I do certifie you that I am not come to moue any sedicion nor mutyne among you But also me thinketh that I shulde not restore you into free and true lybertie if changing youre aunciente fourme of lyuing I shuld putt the coÌ„mon people into the subieccion of any particulers or any perticulers to the subieccion of the comon people For that that I vnderstande welle that the same dominion rule shulde be more odious and hated vnto you than that same of estrangers And thereby vnto vs Lacedemonians shuld not be due any pleasure nor huyer for the payne that we haue taken for your cause But in stede of the glory and honor that we attende and loke for thereby we ought to be blaymed and shulde be charged of the self vice that we impute vnto the Athenians Whiche shulde be somuche more vnsittyng more worthy of reprehension vnto vs than vnto them that we attribute to our selues this vertue and prayse to witt not to vse tromperie or deceite Which thing they do not For albeit that deceite be vnsittyng in al men yett is it more vnsemely in them that be in moste dignitie And also it is woorse more dâ—shonnest than violeÌ„ce it self For thatâ— that violence ouercometh by vertue auctoritie of the force that fortune geueth to the one ouer the other but tromperie and deceyte procedeth and cometh of an vnreasonable mischeuous and very malyce To all which thinges we haue a great circumspection and a great regarde in treatyng and coÌ„ductyng the great affaries And also I wolle not that you trust so muche in my othe as in the experience of thinges to that whereof you shall see the effectes correspondent to reasons whiche is ryght requisitt for you as I haue shewed you But also vnderstaÌ„de that if you hauing harde this my proposicion woll excuse yourself saying that ye cannot do that which we woll that ye woll require vs as your frendes that we retire without doing any hurt or damage vnto you pretending that you haue this lybertie without danger and that it ought to bee offred and presented to them that maye haue it without danger and that none shuld be coÌ„strayned to take it I will protest bifore the goddes and the sainctes whiche haue this cytie in keping the being come hider for your welth I coulde nothing proffitt with you by wordes And I woll essay by wasting and destroying your feldes whider that I may constrayne you thereunto Perswadyng my self to do it for a good and iust cause and not wrongfully for two necessary reasons The one for the welth of the Lacedemonians to the ende that they shuld not suffer damage for your loue permitting you in this sorte paying the monney whiche you fournishe to the AtheniaÌ„s the other for the weale of al the Grekes to thintent that by you they be not lett empesched to recouer their libertie For if that were not we shuld well vnderstaÌ„de that no maÌ„ ought to be constraigned by force to sett himself againe into libertie and specially we Lacedemonians if it be not for some comon and publique wealth And yet neuerthelas we wolle not haue any other gouernance or rule ouer you but to delyuer you from the subiection of other And we shulde do iniury vnto many if by restoring to all other their right of lybertie we shuld leaue you in this estate shuld endure your resisteÌ„ce wherfore Lordes take good aduyse herin be authors vnto al yâ— Grekes And shewe them the waye to recouer their lybertie aswel for to acquire gett this perpetuell glory to haue bene the first as also for to exchue the damage that