it to countenance the cause yet were no publike levyes set on foot to defend it That which broke the plot for the time was the Count of Tillies letters to them not so much for the Reason or Rhetorick in them but for the authoritie of the writer of them an Army is a shrewd Topick-place for to draw arguments from it perswades terribly The Germanes were very well able to distinguish of the obedience unto Caesar which Tilly advised them to have regard unto The thing they were willing withall it was their duty but the degree of obeying was that which most troubled them What Tilly called obedience they feared might prove slaverie they found a contestation in themselves betwixt the keeping of their obedience and the preservation of their liberties and how these two might possibly hold long together was a difference which they had not yet reconciled Thus hath it oftentimes fallen out in the Empire divers Common wealths there having great priviledges they will league one with another and struggle hard to preserve them so that when ever Caesar hath projected great desires then beganne the conflict Better therefore even for both parties is a Monarchie then such an Empire This was the purpose of the Generall letters unto their assemblie MY LORDS c. Tillies Letter I Have to my great wonderment received newes of late of that generall meeting of certaine Protestant Electors Princes and States at the towne of Leipsich and how they have with one consent there agreed to raise a common and a mighty army among them all that they have already gotten together a great power and have more forces daylie in levying Now that these preparations of those princes could not but with great danger be promoted and must of necessitie be the causes of a great distraction they all knew seeing that all private armings which were undertaken without the consent of the Emperor did not only occasion many a sinister suspition among the people but were flatly likewise forbidden to be made by the fundamentall constitutions of the Empire Having assurance therefore of their present consultation at Hamborow for the best way of subscribing unto the said Diet of Leipsich he could not but advise them friendly that in their said consultation they would make this the chiefest of their thoughts how they might preserve their Faith and obedience unto Caesar His advise unto them therefore was that they should be chary of withdrawing themselves from the Emperors service who was their Soveraigne Magistrate but that as faithfull and good subjects they should persevere rather in their due obedience not suffering themselves to be drawne aside unto any contrary undertakings He wisht them seriously to consider withall how that as all their safeties and well-beings did solely and wholly depend upon their Lord the Emperor so on the contrary was there nothing to be expected from other princes and from forrainers especially who meerly intended their owne private but the losing of their priviledges and Commerce the ruine of their States and the necessary drawing on of a publick servitude How frequently hath experience taught us what miserable events hath unevitably befallen those people that have leagued against his Imperiall Majestie and had embroyld themselves in a warre against him For these reasons he nothing hereafter doubted but they would so well consider upon what might follow that these his admonitions which in the sincerity of his soule hee propounded unto them should finde some place among their consultations and that they should not hereafter need any other Monitor to remember them of persevering in their due loyaltie and obedience This if they did it would be a most strong recommendation of them unto Caesar both to continue his grace and favour royall unto them to enfranchise them with more ample priviledges and to doe any thing for the promoting preserving and inlarging of their present conditions and commerces For the doing of all which their continuing in obedience must needs give his Imperiall Majestie a most large occasion May 19. 1631. Your very loving Friend John Count of Tilly. Who can blame an adversarie for using the best Colours and flourishes he can finde to carry his owne cause withall And let this be the glosse to the Generall Tillies reasons that they were pressed by an enemie However their owne feares prevailed with them and what they did next they did more privately Their wills were still good unto the Cause and they underhand promoted the Decrees of Leipsich Thus as the King of Sweden grew stronger they grew more courageous and when the Protestant Princes struck in also with them then was there another assemblie a little more boldly talkt upon Greene wood laid neere the fire naturally shrincks up it selfe contracts its owne pores and opennesse by which the flame might enter it that by a neerer uniting of its parts it might prepare it selfe for resistance The same operation had the burning of Magdenburg now newly this moneth done upon these its neighbour and confederate Cities it did as much arme as terrifie them The King of Sweden also dayly more and more prevailing some of the Princes of this Circle beganne to take Commissions from him to levy and arme for him he became the Protector of their publicke libertie and under him they singly promoted their personall pretences The Duke of Lunenburg as next heire to the Dukedome of Brunswick the present ruling Duke Vlrick having no likelyhood of issue he armes to put in for that which Tilly had almost devoured The Archbishop of Bremen had lost his towne of Stoade and almost all his whole Countrey was now possessed by Imperiall garrisons which Tillie had left there Other Princes yea all of them had the same grievances and all now resolved to recover their Countries The Generall Tilly being throughly now defeated as if the weight of his former reasons had growne lighter with the decay of his power the whole Circle in November following appoint a more generall meeting at the same Hamborow whither all the Bishops Princes and States either came or sent their Ambassadors Here they resolutely conclude for the levying of 3 new Regiments upon the common charges of the Circle the purpose being to cleere the countrey of the new encroached Imperialists The first Regiment was undertaken for by the Archbishop of Bremen the Duchy of Lunenburg and Zella-Brunswick with the Bishopricks of Lubeck Brunswick and Hildesheim This was to consist of 1950 Foot and 127 Horsemen The second Regiment was to be raised by the Dukedom of Mecklenburg the countrey of the Lower Saxonie the Bishoprick of Ratzenburg and the citie of Lubeck which was to bee 1675 Foot and 366 Horse strong The third which was to be of 1448 Foot onely was to be raised and paid by the Dukes of Holstein and the Bishoprick of Schwerin All these were to be joyned to Duke George of Lunenburgs owne Armie he being to be Generall over them The Hamburgers excused themselves from bearing
for the reducing of Freedome and Religion This if they be negligent in then all the travels of the deceased King together with all their owne paines and charges yea all their Forces Armies and advantages shall not long serve their turnes but they must become the prey of their Enemies an Amphitheater of Tragedies and an example to posteritie of confiscated estates and of bodies incurably diseased And to say the troth these Princes have even untill this present gone so well on that their vnitie hath quite dasht all the exultations of the contrary party and they have trumped upon the best of the others hopes and happily gone beyond the feares of their friends that still doubted them They have given the world to see that the Schooling and lessoning of the King hath made good impression in them and that the losse of so great a Patrone though it extremely pull'd downe the side yet hath it caused their motions to be concentricall to goe all one way and by union to redouble their vigours And yet all this notwithstanding and that the King of Sweden hath left these Princes of his partie in so good estate that they have the lesse cause to lament the losse of him they being well set up on their feet againe and in case to maintaine their owne freedomes Admit the truth of all this yet hath the adverse party which he gave checke unto recovered the better of the game since this King is taken Great are their advantages by the death of this Prince these few pellets of lead which kill'd him being worth more to them then a million of Ducats possibly could have advantaged them And this losse of him who was the Sole Director of all gave not onely hopes but probabilities that now when the businesse was to fall to be managed by a many the diversities of Cheefes would bee so apt to foment iealousies and mis-intelligences as that it would give more facility to the contrary party to conserve what was not yet conquered to satisfie some privately discontented to vnite their counsels to recall exiled tranquility and firmely once againe to re-establish a good peace over all the Empire If now the Imperiall party please to make profit by their former losses then shall wee see them turne a deafe eare to all bloody and violent counsels avoide the enforcing both of Princes and people to turne desperate remove all suspitions and bad correspondencies regaine exasperated spirits by sweetnesse and seeke how to raigne by love rather then by terrour no more attempting the breach of the peace and publike faith vnder pretence of conscience it being to be dealt withall by perswasion and not by enforcing as having to answer before another Tribunall then mans Iudgement And hereunto it appeareth that this party ought so much the rather to aspire because it may have hope even forthwith and henceforward to continue in their owne rights and advantages the death of this King having cured them of a bodily feare they were deeply already in least he should have taken a higher flight pretented towards new Diademes and fully have verified his Anagramme by changing the name Gustavus into Augustus What-ever in this dull Character of mine may seeme defective is abundantly supplyed in this most learned and concise Epitaph Written by an Honourable Sonne of the Muses and worthy the Tombe-Stone of the great Gustavus Epigraphe SISTE VIATOR NEC DESPONDE ANIMVM VT NEQVICQVAM SPERES NI MORI SPERES VIX EST QVOD METVAS NI VIVERE METVAS FATO CESSIT VITAE MORTISQVE ARBITER SVMMVS PROXIMVM COELITIBVS NOMEN QVIN ILLVD EXIGIS DABO SED VT LITES LACHRYMIS REGI POTENTISS PIENTISS GVSTAVO QVO SEXTO NOVEMBRIS NECI DATO TOTA EVROPAE FACIES MVTATA EST IN PLANCTVM SOLVTIS HVMANISS QVIBVSCVNQVE QVIN MAIORA POSTVLAS ACCIPE ILLE QVI DISSIDIA PVBLICA PACE TERMINARE PACEM BONIS ARTIBVS EXCOLERE ILLE QVI OPPRESSOS IN SVVM IVS ASSERERE ASSERTOS LIBERTATE DONARE LIBERTATEM SECVRAM REDDERE AGGRESSVS EST PROH DOLOR INTERIIT SED VT SVMMVM ARDVAE VIRTVTIS EXEMPLVM AVDIAT NVLLVS QVIPPE POST HOMINES NATOS BONO PVBLICO POTIORA INTENTAVIT GRAVIORA PASSVS EST. ABI IAM SI LICET IN REM TVAM The Copy of the Swedish Conclusion By the Princes and Peeres of the Kingdome of Sweden Which was vnanimously consented unto by them at their Dyet and Assembly holden at Stockholm on the 14th of March 1633. The Originall was printed at Stockholm by Ignatius Murer WEE vnder-written the Councell Peeres Earles Lords Bishops of Sweden Gentry Clergie Officers of Warre Citizens and the whole Commonalty who have beene convoked to this honourable Assembly as well in our owne names and behalfes as also in the name and behalfe of all the Countries doe hereby make knowne and certifie That whereas it hath pleased Almighty God of his providence and good pleasure so heavily to visit us and this Kingdome and in so great a measure to afflict us by taking unto himself by bodily death the renowned high and mighty Prince and Lord Gustavus Adolphus King of the Swedens Gothes and Vandales Great Prince of Finland Duke of Estland and Carellen Lord of Ingormanland c. and to translate his blessed Maiesty of ever happy and famous memory out of this vale of misery into his eternall happinesse and heauenly ioy and to exchange his temporall Crowne into an everlasting Diademe of glory and so to have put a period not onely to his Maiesties carefull and labourious life and dayes but also to his sufficiently noted and renowned Counsells worthy actes couragious and vndaunted spirit almost incredible at leastwise wonderfull Victories against part of the mightiest and most powerfull Princes and Potentates of Europe And which wee chiefely must condole in him it hath pleased God to take from vs our head our King our father and Pater patriae Vnder whose worthy famous and most excellent raigne we aboue all other Nations in these dolefull and calamitous times haue found our selues without any opposition in all security safety and tranquillity And which aggrauates our misery it hath not pleased God to suffer any Heyer-Male to proceed from the loynes of his said blessed Majesty to remaine upon and to possesse his Fathers seate So that not without reason ours and the Kingdomes care and danger is the greater and wee cannot but so much the more take to heart this inestimable losse Wherefore vpon the Iniunction of the Peeres and Councell of the Realme at their conuenting we haue thought good vnanimously and obediently to come together in the feare of God and to take into consideration the present State of our Kings Majesties Heyer as also the State of our deare Kingdome And how the same may be happily up held and maintained and next under the ayde and helpe of God bee defended against all danger and opposition To this end we are all of us ioyntly and willingly assembled here and wee haue pondered and consulted together which might best
his owne and their safeties as also to make vp one common tye and obligation betweene them Vntill the happinesse of which opportunity hee thought to uphold and continue on the businesse by the love of their common safeties and by the counsels and assistance of the Crowne of Sweden which for the time being might countervaile a more formall Confederacie But for as much as by reason of the continuall expeditions and Marchings from place to place that he was still put unto he could never haue so much good leasure as to begin those faire Courses nor to settle a better order for the observing of Military Discipline it is thereby come to passe that not onely whole Provinces as in such deadly warres it ever falleth out and especially where the Field of Warre is so universall have beene wasted and much spoyled but the licentiousnesse of the souldiery growne to that head as that without a speedy remedy the whole action must of necessity come to nothing Verily his Maiesty of ever glorious memory had thought of nothing more seriously and out of the fatherlynesse of his care to the common Cause had endeavoured nothing more diligently then to have made his personall residence amongst the Princes in these Vpper Parts of the Empire and with his owne neighbourhood not onely the more to have assured the Protection of those Vpper Circles according as hee had begun already but how also he might have beene personally present in a Diet of these foure Circles for the concluding of some settled good orders how the something decayed Military Discipline might have beene repaired And notwithstanding that my selfe for mine owne part was so stonyed with the dolefull and most lamentable death of my said deare Lord and Master as that I seemed to have cause enough to give over any more dealing in these businesses and to leave the managing unto their handlings whom so deeply it concerned yet upon maturer consideration how easily in the middest of these fiercenesses of the enemy there might betide some notable confusion either amongst the Armies or the Princes and that the whole Cause might of its owne weightinesse fall to so low a Condition as were not easie afterwards to bee repaired and that by this meanes all the Counsels proceedings designes and victories of my said sacred Lord the King would come to no other end nor purpose but to the giving occasion to the finall and totall ruine of all his Confederates and Part-takers I had rather lay aside mine owne private respects to mine selfe then so abruptly to desert the employment For this onely reason therefore This clause alone does cleerly enough confute that scandall of the dead King How that under a publike pretension he sought meerely his owne private interest which was the Empire This if so why should the Swedish kingdome now continue on the warres Seeing their King is dead and their young Queene not capable of being Emperour have I so earnestly hitherto endeauoured to uphold the businesse and couragiously according to my power so to dispose of all oportunities as might suite to the best advantage of the publike Yea and not onely so but I have beene an earnest suiter withall unto the Crowne of Sweden that the State would bee pleased still to continue on the warre that that most commendable and praise worthy intention of His Sacred MAIESTIE might obtaine the desired and intended issue In this my suite I have so farre prevailed that I have already from thence received a full Commission to treate and conclude with the Electors States and Princes of the Empire upon that matter and if I find the Confederates and Partakers so inclined I have power from the Royall Heyer and Crowne of Sweden in their names to continue on the worke to a perfection For mine owne part therefore I would see nothing with more gladnesse then a Generall Diet of all the Evangeliacall Electors Princes and States of the whole sacred Romane Empire together But forasmuch as Summer is now neere at hand and that the enemy is notably by this time upon the growing hand and earnest in his preparations for some new expedition and for that these 4. Vpper Circles are not onely round encompassed by the common enemies but have them already within their very bowels therefore there being danger in delaies and for that a Generall Diet could not be convoked without much time spending and its peculiar solemnities by which meanes the whole businesse would be in danger in the meane time to be rather ruined then remedied so long it would be before a publike and ioynt determination could be agreed upon therefore have I thought it more necessary which also was sollicited and desired by divers States both of this Vpper Part of the Empire and the Vpper Saxony that upon the death of my said Soveraigne Lord the King to deferre the procuring of a Generall Diet and so to hasten on the Diet of Vlm as out of hand to bring it to conclusion This my purpose so soone as it was made knowne unto divers of the most Illustrious and Right Honourable Princes and States there was occasion given and meanes projected for another new meeting for the causes before rehearsed And here I render all due and humble thankes both to the Princes and States personally here assembled and to the Ambassadors of the absent severally and altogether for that upon the earnest invitation of my good intention they disdained not to give this meeting And now most earnestly doe I beseech you all that you would take to heart and with maturity consider upon the common estate of the Cause Evangeliacall and with your prudentest and providentest consultations and readiest of your assistance promote and set forward the common businesse of the Empire the safety of your native Country and your owne proper welfares And most heartily doe I desire of God that you may haue profitable designes happy expeditions and all prosperous and desired successes And for mine owne part thus much I make free tender of that I will at no time in any thing be wanting in what I shall either iudge to bee beneficiall to the Cause or wherein I may any way bee serviceable And this I promise both for my selfe and in the name of the Hereditary Princesse and Crowne of Sweden To the end therefore that the points necessary may the better and more orderly be deliberated upon and the Conclusion the better speeded I have thought it necessary that the chiefe heades of the Deliberation which are in these Convocatory letters comprehended and exhibited should be distinguished into Articles most obsequiously and in the humblest manner entreating of your Highnesses that you would bee pleased to make construction of them to the fairest sence and so to accommodate and hasten forward your owne resolutions as may be most advantageous for the present state of the businesse and the eminentnesse of the danger 1. That all the Evangeliacall Electors Princes The Chancellors Propositions
be every where blockt up by his horse quarters he by mid June drawes all the forces out of Spiers and Germersheim and retires home-wards to the defence of Alsatia and that which he calls his owne Marquisate of Baden And into these parts Gustavus Horn presently sent the wars after him The Rhinegrave after the departure of the Spanish for want of other employment made a designe for the recovery of Kirchberg wherein they had left a garrison The Rhinegrave had advanced the service even to the making of a saultable breach in the wall The Rhinegrave besieging Kirchberg and the mounting of his scaling ladders His men having order now to storme so soone as they perceived the resolutenesse of the defendants and that a Leiftenant who had the point and fell first on upon the Breach was with 50 of his followers shot dead upon the place they could by no meanes bee perswaded to give on after them but cowardly enough came running off againe faster then ever they went forward And thus was the Rhinegrave faine to sound the retreate and for that time is beaten off againe to levie his owne siege of Kirchberg Shortly after this when namely the French Armies were comne a little neerer to these quarters and Gustavus Horne upon his march thitherward to the sieges of Coblentz and of Grafenberg the Spanish in this towne Simmern and other places yeelded upon the first summons and went off with soldierly Conditions This siege was in the end of May and the beginning of our June by which time was Gustavus Horn comne downe out of Bavaria from the King of Sweden with commission to command the Armie in the parts about the Rhine and Mosel GUSTAVUS HORNS PROCEEDINGS From the time of his being sent downe out of Bavaria by the King untill the time of his going up againe thither with an Armie after the Kings Death HOw the gallant yong Cavalier Duke Bernard of Saxon-Weymar second brother unto Duke William had at the Kings marching up into Bavaria beene left behinde with the Armie about the Palatinate you may collect by what hath beene before written The reason forwhich his leaving there is no secret in those parts His birth which is of an Electorall familie his hopes sure if he lives to be heire to his Unckle the Duke of * This old Duke being since dead there is another heirelesse Prince in the possession after whom the Honor is entaild upon Duke Bernard Saxon-Coburg with his personall valour and abilities had allured the King of Sweden to settle some desires upon him Seldome hath there beene any great act of warre but that something of Love hath chanc'd in betweene as if to cheere and sweeten the sad Scene of it This observation would the Poets thus represent by still bringing in a Venus into Mars his storie The God of love is painted armed and Love though a comicall passion yet still beares it a Part either in the Plot or the Catastrophe of warres Tragedie All Stories would be full of these discourses had they the luck of it like that of the 12 Caesars to have a Suetonius as well as a Tacitus a chamber-Blab to tell tales of what was enacted in the withdrawing roome as well as what was executed in the Leaguer The King of Sweden plainely had made some private overtures unto Duke Bernard of a marriage betwixt him and a faire yong Swedish Ladie daughter to his owne Sister whom his Queene had brought with her into Germanie This Ladie being left with the Queen about Franckford Duke Bernard was left about Mentz also by which neerenes he had the better oportunity to make Court unto his Mistresse Where the fault was I know not Sure it is that in the Kings absence there had fallen out some discontent betwixt Duke Bernard and the Rex-Chancellor Oxenstiern The occasion was for that the Chancellor had given some command over the Armie The cause of Duke Bernards going up to the King which Duke Bernard had expected unto the Rhinegrave Not unto that Cavalier the Rhinegrave Otto Lodowick Leiftenāt of the horse but unto the Rhinegrave Otto unckle to this Gētleman who had heretofore been a suiter unto the King to bestow the towne and Jurisdiction of Bingen upon him which had beene part erewhiles of the Elector of Mentz his Bishopricke Duke Bernard hereupon going up to the King then at Munchen received some hopes of satisfaction and of being made Leiftenant Generall of the Foot unto his Majestie which hee withall expected should by sound of trumpet have beene proclaimed throughout the Armie But the King suspecting how ill Sir Iohn Banier whose place that is must needs take that gave not that content unto Duke Bernard in this particular A speech there sometimes likewise was in the Armie that Duke William Saxon-Weymar should have beene Generalissimo or Leiftenant Generall overall the Kings Armies and Commanders These misses caused some private discontent in Duke William and his brother Bernard which some suspect was never heartily taken off againe to the Kings dying day However the King to give Duke Bernard and his brother some content immediately sent away Gustavus Horn to command that Armie about the Rhine and Mosel which Duke Bernard came from that so there might be one lesse in the Armie betwixt the King and them and when at his comming out of Bavaria hee left Duke William with an Armie he had the Title of Leiftenant-Generall And this is some part of the secret and of Gustavus Horns comming downe to this Armie for Duke Bernards going up and Gustavus Horns so sudden comming downe towards the Palatinate Gustavus Horn comming Post out of Bavaria upon Munday being Barnabee the brights day June 11 arrived at Franckford whence the next day hee went to Mentz unto the Chancellor Here they 2 first overlooking and then new ordering the Armie drew it out into the field presently The Spaniards then in possession of most of the best townes in the Elector of Triers his countrie the Chapter and some of the people favouring them perceiving by this time that the Swedes were likely to come against them in favour of the French and that the French themselves under the marshall D'Estre D'Effiat now dead in 2 severall Bodies were comming neerer every day and neerer to them they finde meanes The Spaniards thrust a garrison into Coblents by the favour aforesaid to choppe a garrison all on the sudden into Coblentz The situation of this towne served their turne severall wayes 1. It commands the passage of the Rhine on the Western bancke whereof it is seated and there too * Of the meeting and confluence of these 2 rivers together is Coblentz in Latine called Confluentia where the river Mosel falls into it 2. It became as ill as a Blockhouse against the most strong Castle of Ehrenbreisten or Hermanstein which is the Bishops Palace upon the other banck of the Rhine into which he had lately admitted
the King of Swedens comming into the Field and the Causes for it My Second Part marshalled him along all in Victories and in Glories and my vnlucky Third here waites upon him in his Obsequies The end of the King of Sweden hath silenced his Intelligencer it cannot be expected that a Logician should proceed in his Argument after that the Adversary hath taken away the Subiect of his Question I have done with Novelties now and I henceforth desire my Readers to discharge me Errata PAg. 27. line 1. For alwayes not Reade alwayes worke not In the same leafe line 16. for elinquent reade delinquent Pag. 48. lines 26 and 27. for Craisham reade Crailsham and for Master of the Army reade Master of the Houshold Pag. 61. line last save one for April reade October Pag. 68. line 1. for 21. reade 12. Pag. 71. for 12000. Horse and 6500. Foote reade 12000. Foote and 6500. Horse Pag. 101. line 28. for October 21. reade October 12. Pag. 106. line 20. for October 21. reade October 22. Pag. 127. line 33. in some Copies for Francis Charles reade Francis Albert. Pag. 191. line 17. for imaginaned reade imagined Pag. 193. line 28. for behold reade beholden Pag. 195. for thinke skales read thinke the skales THE SWEDISH Intelligencer The Third Part. From the time of the KINGS encamping before NORIMBERG untill the day of his death at the Battell of LVTZEN HOw noble a Master of his word euen to the vttermost possiblity of performance the King of Sweden still was The Story fetcht a little higher then the end of the last Part. may if we wanted the assurance of other examples abundantly enough appeare by his present carriage alone towards the faire City of Norimberg His Highnesse the Duke of Bauaria hauing beene shouldred out of his owne Countrey and taken his retreate into the Vpper Palatinate as in the latter end of our Second Part we haue told you the King out of a desire to fight with him before he should be ioyned with Wallenstein had euen thither also pursued him And but little missed he of lighting on him For hauing aduanced by Norimberg vnto * Namely that Swabach which in North-East of Norimberg 20 English miles neere the head of the riuer Swabach The King missing but little of surprising the Duke of Bavaria Swabach he left the Army 3. leagues further and aboue Sultzbach going himselfe with his whole Horse 4. peeces of Cannon and Sir Iohn Hepburne as himselfe pleased to tell me with 2000. Musketiers to seeke out and to surprize Bavaria A generall guesse hee now had whereabouts the Duke should be enquartered though by reason of his being still in motion he could haue no exact certainty Going therefore on the left hand of Amberg he comes to a little Towne thereby lately forsaken by the Duke That night lay He within 4. English miles of the Bavarian which had he surely knowne he had without doubt cut him all in pieces But the Duke that euening hauing better intelligence where the King was then the King had where the Duke was rose with all speed and hastned towards Egra to conioyne with Wallenstein both of them presently returning againe vpon the King This caused His Majesty to turne backe from them retires backe againe he being too weake at that time by 3. parts to meete them in Campagnia And now remembers he his Royall word passed heretofore vnto the Norimbergers Their towne being mighty in power and example had at first committed it selfe vnto his devotion and he againe in the word of a King had assured it of the uttermost of his protection To disengage himselfe of this promise hee in November before was once advancing from about Franckford with his whole Army to have levied Tillyes siege from before it and now againe engages he himselfe to be by Wallenstein besieged with it Thus is he becomne a full capitall pledge for it whilest he aduentures to stand bound and encampes about Norimberg body and goods for it Round about this Towne we in our Second Part left him encamped and there he for 16. weeks after staied for that Townes sake alone submitting himselfe unto such multitudes of inconveniences and so many varieties of great dangers as his victorious proceedings had not hitherto beene confronted withall all which a farre meaner experience then a King of Swedens could not but foresee now ready like a tempest to come flowing in upon him His Highnesse the Duke of Bavaria had taken sore regrett at this Norimberg and for its entertaining the King of Sweden had his Generall Tilly offered to beleager it And had this Duke beene strong enough he would perchance haue beene content with an indifferent occasion to have quarrel'd it for besides the addition of so strong a Passe and able jurisdiction unto his already devoured Vpper Palatinate His reasons for it it had beene an Inlett withall to his progresse into the Marquisates of * They write themselues Burgraves of Norimberg Onspach and Payreit belonging vnto 2. Princes of the House of Brandenburg and by Onspach into Franconia The Imperiall Generalissimo besides had now threatned to write it vp in red letters in his Almanack to make a Martyr of it and to change Norimberg into Magdenburg he had vow'd the City to the flames and the riches of it for a prey unto his souldiers This danger was the Towne now in the more need therefore for the King to keepe his word with it And yet was it a mixt action too there were other concurring causes for the Kings sitting downe about Norimberg besides the bare keeping of his promise with it These were some of the preuailing reasons that drew the King thither First should he have left it vnto the fury of the enemy the whole world might iustly haue condemn'd him as a man more regardfull of his safety then of his honour Then the Imperiall Cities whose Champion he had heretofore professed himselfe perceiuing him so carefull to make his owne game would also haue plaid the best of theirs and Norimberg among the rest would quickely have falne off from him and have saved its owne stake with the Emperor Secondly This Towne of Norimberg was a Passe of mighty importance not onely by the aduantage of its situation which was its neighbourhood vnto a many smaller Principalities all in League with it but a very considerable State likewise of its selfe it is for the largenesse of its owne Iurisdiction The soile indeed is but woody and sandy but the Lordship of it is much what sixteene English miles square with about twenty good Towes and sixe or seuen skore villages in it Norimberg therefore was worth the looking after Thirdly the City it selfe had now giuen him an assurance how excellent well it was provided for the sustaining of his Army which notwithstanding that it maintained 30000 or 40000 people for sixteene weekes together yet at the Kings rising was not bread much dearer then ordinarily
t is in London And these three together with the honour of keeping his word were the chiefe of the reasons for the Kings encamping about Norimberg Had he more entended the aduancement of his other victories then the safety of this Towne he might then haue marched vp into the Bishop of Bambergs Country and haue expected Wallenstein in these quarters and so by laying the seate of the warres in that Bishopricke haue abundantly beene reuenged of that Prince for the breache of his former promises Againe the Kings Armie was now but small for though it had the reputation of 20000 men by the ensigne yet surely so weake were the Companies that the forces of the Towne excepted they could not muster aboue 15500 reall marching men to be reckoned by the Poll. Had therefore the chiefe of his care beene to haue first reenforced his Legions and then to haue returned vpon the enemy he should in all probabilitie haue retired beyond Norimberg towards the bancks of the Riuer Maine in Franconia Thereabouts was the whole Country at his deuotion and hither might the seuerall Armies which he had now sent for with lesse danger and more speed haue marcht vp to him But either of these had he now done then doubtlesse would Walenstein so strongly haue entrencht himselfe before Norimberg in the meane time that there would haue beene no remoouing of him Seuerall Chieftaines with their Armies The King sends for his seuerall Armies to come to him had the King now abroad vpon their employments Duke William of Saxon-Weymar was towards the Riuer Weser about Westphalia The Landtgraue of Hessen about Paderborn and the Bishoppricke of Cullen The Rex-Chancellor Oxenstiern about Mentz and Duke Bernard with the Generall Banier in Bauaria All these Armies he had at his first encamping commanded with all speed to come and ioyne with him which whilest they are about to doe we shall entertaine our Readers with the chiefest of those military discourses descriptions and rencounters which passed betwixt the two Armies about Norimberg Begin we with the Kings Leaguer and the description of it as also of the strength he had to lay in it He had at his first sitting downe sixe Brigades of foote forces three whereof were commanded by Graue Neeles and the other three by Sir Iohn Hepburn which came to betwixt seuen and 8000 The Kings strength and no more About that strength were his Horse not full 8000 compleat and yet fast vpon it The Right wing of these horse was commanded by Lieftenant Generall Strieff and the left-wing by Leiftenant Generall Goldstein His Artillery consisted of twenty Peeces of battery and thirty Fielding Peeces of three and sixe pound ball The King so soone as euer he had taken the resolution of retyring to Norimberg had sent before hand to the Towne to haue his Leaguer prouided for him about the City Himselfe with his Army staid two dayes in the Mountaines whilest his Quarters might be something towards a readinesse so that at his first comming he found the Trenches halfe wrought by the Burgers They were found too little when the King came to lodge his Army in them for which cause his Maiesty in person rode round about the Towne to lay out the ground for enlarging of the Quarters with the description of his Leaguer which contained 35000 Rods of ground within the vttermost line of Circumuallation And for my understanding of this strength and Leaguer are the thanks due unto the Noble and valiant Sir Iohn Hepburne The fashion of the Citie of Norimberg enclines mostly to a circle and yet something to an ovall figure The small river Pegnitz runnes in at the East and out at the West of it It hath many faire Suburbs and in them was the Kings Leaguer it embracing both Towne and Suburbs round about within the compasse of its protection I begin to describe the Fortifications vpon the East side by the river and the Suburb of Weert Hence all about the hill of the Iewes vnto St. Iohns was it taken vp with diuers Bastions and Retrenchments all these being guarded by their Flanckers and other ordinary Defences On the other side of the water was the Pent encompassed about with another Fort or Bastion which being well Flanckered with a Curtaine was also joyned unto a Fort new builded in the Suburbe called Gastenhoff and that well defended likewise with diuers Halfe-Moones and Horn-works The Suburb called Steinbuhel towards Scheinaw was strongly entrenched likewise guarded besides with two other Forts joyning one upon another Towards the wood of Rotenbach was there a Fort-royall erected and another towards Gleishammer upon the way that leadeth towards Altorff Divers Batteryes were erected here and there betweene which were plentifully furnished with the Kings owne Ordnance and others out of the Towne Magazine The Works were strongest upon the South side for that the King suspected the enemy likelyest to encampe there and upon the East side towards the Vpper Palatinate for feare the Imperialists should haue had the courage to have falne on upon the neerest side to them at their first comming The Moate or Graff round about all was generally twelue foot wide and eight deepe and about the Head-works eighteene foot wide and twelue deepe The King of Bohemia's Quarter in the Leaguer was at Weiershaus a house of one Weier a Burger on the South side of the Citie and in the way towards Newmarckt Eight thousand souldiers laboured daily upon the Fortifications the Works being not yet fully perfected at Walensteins first comming so that the King looked presently to haue beene assaulted But our Generalissimo in the point of fighting deceiued the expectations both of his friends and of his enemies And this is something towards the description of the Kings Leaguer And here was his Majesty now resolued to abide that shocke and tempest of warre which from the whole power of the League and house of Austria hee had last spring expected should at Mentz haue falne upon him At Mentz therefore did he last yeere make those so large Fortifications and Bridges which Page 51 of our Second Part you shall finde described There had hee taken in the hils about the Towne not so much to make the Citie stronger which plainly hee did not but to have a Camping-place for the lodging of such an Army as might beare the brunt of the whole power of the Empire Doe we now as much for their Highnesses the Dukes of Fridland and Bavaria The Army was much about the same number that we haue before set you downe Page 233 of our Second Part. For in the end of this Iuly that they encampt in Walenstein himselfe sent a List of his whole Forces unto his Imperiall Majesty at Vienna In it were 191 Cornets of Horse besides Crabats and Dragooners with 149 Foot Companies The Horse at 125 to a Cornett which is the usuall proportion amount to about 20000 And so many Dutch Horse he had indeed His Foot at 300
lusty They were 12. Brigades of Foote besides commanded Muskettiers but of the Horse I have no certaintie The Imperialists hauing here broken downe the bridge the King causeth it to be repaired over which August the 20. in the euening the Army marched entrenching the same night before Bruck Now were 3. Regiments sent over to take up the passage at Furt which were the English the Blue and the Greene Regiments who there entrenching themselues Major-Generall Kniphausen came to commaund over them A solemne day of praier being had in the Swedish Leaguer for the happy ioyning and good successe of the Armies the King quitting his Trenches about Norimberg came the 21. Altogether ioyning with the King before Walensteins Trenches of August to meete the Chancellors Army they likewise advancing to meete him ioyned both Armies together about 12. or one a clocke the selfe same Tuesday All then being drawne up into Battaglia before the enemies Trenches stood there all that day to make a Brave upon him And thus haue I concluded this long digression for bringing up of all the Kings forces to him which if the Readers censure for too long an interuption from the Kings Storie I must in stead of answering craue a faire pardon of them And yet to say something towards a Reason Besides that it had beene pitty to have lost all their Stories I knew not on the sudden how to drop all these Armies out of the cloudes into the Kings Leaguer nor how bluntly and all at once to shoote them in an Engine as farre as Norimberg and therefore have I brought them faire and softly upon their feete all the way out of their severall Stations Now was the King resolued to bring the whole cause to a day of hearing and that as loud as the Cannons could roare it He was now full 36000. men in field though not all then in Battaglia The King of Bohemia by this time well recovered of his Leaguer-sicknesse was in the field with him The fight described August 21. both the Kings being desirous to tempt the enemy out of his Campe into faire Campagnia fully purposed if that offer were refused to set upon him in his Trenches And so might they if they pleased Walenstein would not budge a foote out of his Quarters On the Norimberg side of his Trenches therefore the King casts up three great Batteries and from thence plaid incessantly into Walensteins Quarters he thundering as furiously upon them againe The Swedish Muskettiers going neerer the Trenches were with small shot answered from them againe but neither small nor great shot did much harme upon one another sauing onely that Generall Banier going too neere to view a worke received a Musket bullet in the left arme above the elbow where it was left sticking The next day the King caused some greater peeces of Ordnance to be mounted upon his Batteries some of which shot 21. August 22. pound ball and some 42. Walenstein answering with some that shot 48. These roared upon one another for a great time together but the Kings plainely did little spoile upon the enemies The Walsteiners wisely withdrew themselues out the beate and raking of the Swedish Ordnance which were after the making of 700. shot perceived to doe more execution on the earth and trees then upon the enemies Now was it with perspective glasses to be discerned from off the Kings Batteries that there was scarce a Walsteiner to be seene stirring For this reason the King causeth his Ordnance to be dismounted not willing to smoake away so much powder in squibs nor to doe no more then plowe vp the ground with the grazing of so many bullets of that weight and height meerely shot off at an empty randome Yet one shot let me not omit because the King made it The King as t is written spying in the morning with his perspectiue from one of his Batteries a gallant Cavalier mounted and prancing before his Companies that surely saith the King should be either Walenstein or Altringer and have at him Causing therefore a peece to be traversed and bent full upon him the King tooke his levell and bade giue fire to it Vp into the aire flew the Cavalier horse and man but it proved to be but a Colonell The King having dismounted his owne Cannon and given order to haue the Norimbergers drawne out into the Trenches about the Towne he that day and the next passes the most part of his Army over the river Rednitz a little aboue Furt before named His purpose in it was to possesse himselfe of a certaine hill thereby by advantage whereof hee hoped assuredly either to batter out or beate out the enemy from his Quarters This done the 24. of our August being Saint Bartholomewes day was resolued upon for the generall onset The same 23. of August fell there out a skirmish on the further side of the Rednitz betwixt the Crabats and the Kings people at which whilest amongst other Gentlemen Master William Harvey before named was desirous to be present he was most unfortunately drowned in passing ouer the river A Gentleman he was who might one day haue merited a place in our owne Chronicles for few young Sparkes were there among the Nobility of any Nation either finelier made up more gentilely bred or more completely improued Nor is this more then a moderate Laudative of him for so say they that could iudge him very great therefore is the losse of such a Sonne to his honourable Parents but greater will be the want of such as he to his Native Countrey Walenstein perceiuing the Kings intention he the better to assure his Cannon and Ammunition retired himselfe into the Forest called Altemberg which belongeth unto the Marquesse of Onspach Here could he make use likewise of a certaine old Fortresse which had beene a Lodge or some such like thing in the younger dayes of it Here likewise did he very strongly entrench himselfe and barricadoed up all the wayes by cutting downe the trees round about him The hill was high and very steepe craggie withall and bushie so that it was an impossible thing almost to be taken from an enemy that had any courage to dispute it The Duke of Bavariaes Quarters as it hapned were at that time neerest to the King and the danger and among his men the Canon bullets mostly lighted The great fight August 24. Bartholmew day being comne the worke was begun with Prayers for the happy successe of it So the King of Sweden still used nor thought he himselfe either arm'd or valiant till he had prayed That morning about nine a clocke was there a certaine Footman or Lackey of Altringers brought prisoner to the King who as by pregnant circumstances was afterwards collected had beene purposely exposed by the enemy to be taken prisoner by us This slye fellow very confidently informed the King How that the most part of Walensteins Horse had already forsaken their Quarters and were about to runne
the Ausburgers were defeated of the King the same day being gone with all speed backe to Nordlingen The cause of this so sudden departure of his Majestie was an expresse Packet that night received from his Chancellor that Walenstein having quit Franconia is diverted by the newes of Walensteins falling into Voitland was now falling into Voitland to undoe the Duke of Saxony The King therefore knowing how earnestly the Elector had heretofore beene pressed by Ambassages feared perchance least the power of a vowed enemy might by adding violence unto perswasiō shrewdly prevaile to draw him off from the party and resolved to quit his former purposes for Bavaria and to make hast with all speed to deliver Saxony And in this was the difference of tempers and good dispositions betwixt the King and our Generalissimo to be discovered The King was first in Bavaria and yet would not the Duke of Fridland for his friends sake doe more then lend him his Altringer with his and Coloredoes Regiments for the defence of his Countrey but himselfe would not a foot out of his pace and march for him But the King for his friend on the other side was not difficult to leave his former conquests in Bavaria to the hazard of the now returning Duke and to adventure his life to save Saxony And yet to deale with the ingenuity of an Historian there was something else in it too for that Walstein by falling into Misnia put faire for it to have cut off the King both from his friends in Mecklenburg Brandenburg and Pomerania and from his retreat out of Germany whereupon leaving 12000 men in Bavaria with the Palatine Birckenfelt The King therefore now leaving as many of those Switzers that were newly comne to him and of some new levied Forces besides so many of those which himselfe had lately brought up with him as would make up those already in Bavaria 12000 men Horse and Foot under the command of the Palatine Christian of Birckenfelt for the guard of Bavaria himselfe with the rest goes backe againe towards Norimberg Sir Patrick Ruthven Governour of Vlm was now made Sergeant-Major-Generall unto Birckenvelt and Colonell Strieff was constituted Leiftenant Generall of the Horse to him Ausburg Rain and Donawert were left well provided and so tooke the King his last leave of Bavaria hee returnes with the rest towards Norimberg His Majesty now leaving 17 Cornets of Horse and all his three Regiments of Foot to follow fairely after him himselfe with a guard onely of some Germane Horse and Steinbocks 300 Dragooners made all the hast he could backe againe unto Norimberg Whilest the King was upon his way to Norimberg had the Generall Major Kniphausen besieged Lauff which the King we told you before his going to Bavaria was on the way to have reskewed Kniphausen had 1600 Foot and 200 Norimbergers Horse with two peeces of Ordnance before the towne and two dayes had he besieged it before the Kings comming had beene heard of Kinphausen besieges Lauff The third day by a breach made with his two peeces he tooke the towne the garrison in it retiring themselves into the Castle Betwixt the towne and the Castle was there a Bridge which for hast they could not stay to burne or breake but had onely torne up some of the ioyses and timbers and so left it Kniphausens men making shift to passe this bridge came to a little gate of the Castle which offering to force open the garrison presently yeelded up without any other conditions Lauff taken then at mercy The Governour a Bohemian by nation and but Lieftenant-Captaine to a troope of Horse remained prisoner with some 80. or 100. more of his souldiers all which were afterwards carried prisoners unto Norimberg Kniphausen now in possession of the Castle 7. Bavarian Horsemen not knowing of it came that night on the land-side to the backe gate of the Castle to give notice of Colonell Munichs comming with 12. troopes or 1000. Horse and 300. Dragooners to the reliefe of it desiring to speake with the Governour and to advise him to hold out the Castle The Swedish Sentinell that tooke their message had the wit to conceale the Castles being taken and to goe and tell Kniphausen of it Kniphausen presently sent the late Governour to these 7. Horsemen by some tricke or other to get them into the Castle The Governour being afraid to be hang'd as his Predecessor the Norimbergers Governour had beene when Gallas tooke the Castle durst not but doe his best to ingratiate himselfe with Kniphausen and did indeed entice 3. of the 7. into the Castle Kniphausen learning by these of the Bavarian succours now comming to relieve the place had a plot also how to haue gotten Colonel Munich himselfe into the pitfall This was his stratageme A pretty Stratageme He causes some out of the Towne to giue false fire all the night against the Castle and others out of the Castle against them againe as if they had beene still in skirmish T was 10. a clocke next morning ere Munich came by which time having notice of the taking of the Castle he did but show himselfe before it after an houre retyring himselfe backe againe Hee being gone Kniphausen returned unto Norimberg The day of the taking of the Castle which was Fryday October 21. did the King arrive at Norimberg the very next day being desirous to goe out upon a Partee His men were these 700. The King being returned to Norimberg commanded Horse and 300. Dragooners led by Colonell Steinbock a Swede which had beene his guards hitherto out of Bavaria The King now going out meetes Kniphausen comming home and of him he learned which way Colonel Munich was retired which was first to Hersbruck goes out upon a Partee and so towards Felden The King thereupon commanded Kniphausen to turne backe againe with him after the Bavarians for saies He I le not goe home againe without doing something The Kings march lay by Herschbruck a good walled towne of the Norimbergers which Gallas had also taken in and leauing Kniphausen to take in Herschpruck There the King left Kniphausen with his owne men and 2. peeces to reprise it which he did within an houre after the Kings going The King pursuing Munich by the tracke light upon some of his people as they were resting themselues at Schlucten and another village hard by Felden Many of these were Crabats whom the King had the killing of 300. upon the place with the taking of some 2. Cornets and divers prisoners The King having caused the villages they were enquartered in to be first surrownded and then fired had the knocking of them downe as they start out to have escaped Some Relations tell me of 600. Bavarians that should be enquartered in a village betwixt Altfelt and Eismansberg a little East of Herschbruck who should have comne out of Reichelswang Castle himselfe surprises and defeates Munich in his Quarters and
Battell of LVTZEN THose two great Antagonists of our times his Majestie of Sweden and his Excellency the Duke of Fridland were now becomne the publickest persons of our Christian World scarcely was there any one man of all the affectionates to the Protestant Party that dealt for but 50. pounds a yeere but the King of Swedens proceedings had some secret influence and activity upon himselfe and fortunes For the Duke of Fridland we first see how much straining among the Catholike Party there had beene to set him out how many feares and hopes did still depend upon his conduct and what a weakenesse and emptinesse there was in the whole Empire besides all the time that the strength of it was under him employed against the King of Sweden Whilest all men were in expectation what the Norimberg Leaguers would come unto that mighty and vaste bodie of the Empire grew feebler still and feebler in all the other parts of it which when Walenstein gat at large was by the succours sent out of his Army iollily cherisht and nurst up againe So feeble was the Empire at home even in its owne Austria that it was neither able to kill nor so much as to shake off it s owne vermine for no better were they at Vienna esteemed those * These Boores rise not for Religion they were not Protestants all but by reason of the new taxations And therefore when they sent to the King of Sweden for Leaders he refused them nobly scorning to conquer his enemy by his Rebels mutinous Boores I meane which became troublesome in the Over Ens and upon the Danuby in a popular Commotion Every where abroad had the Swedish Armies the better and the Imperiall the worst of it Horn was victorious in Triers and Alsatia and had thence frighted out Ossa and Monte Cuculi Arnheim and Dubalt had utterly almost beaten downe all opposition in Silesia and would have suddenly beene at very good leysure either to have converted their Armes upon Bohemia or to have sent home forces enow to have throwne Holck out of Misnia There was little to doe about Bavaria till that Monte Cuculi had iust now broken in againe Cratz falling into Walensteins displeasure as I heare was sent away prisoner to Vienna and in his absence Fugger did but shufflle up and downe in those quarters Duke Iulius Administrator of Wirtemberg The State of the warres abroad when the King and Walenstein parted and Sir Patricke Ruthven about Vlm and Over-land were still upon the getting hand in the Circle of Schwaben there being no maine Army in the field constantly to oppose them thereabouts but some few forces of the Arch-Duke Leopolds and the Boores onely The Army under Generall Wrangle with whom Sir George Fleetwood is with his English Regiment had a quiet Quarter of it in Prussia the Pole whom he was set but to obserue being busied now at home about the election of their owne King and in feare of the Muskovite from abroad The Swedish garrisons about Pomern and Mecklenburg wanted worke and the Spaniards and the Lorrayners were as good at this time as quite outted all over Germany Of all the Imperiall Generalls was Pappenheim onely able to wagge and he indeed made a scambling kind of warre of it in the Lower Saxony whom yet the Court of Vienna had desired to ioyne with his Generalissimo And this was the constitution of the Swedish Armies when the King and the Duke of Fridland rose from about Norimberg the Kings men had either no action at all or every where but in the lower Saxony the better of it The same power now that had given them these advantages would every day also have increased them and the Imperiall Armies were brought to that passe that they were every day in danger to be beaten after which it was likely to be a long day ere they would be re-enforced This was one of the reasons by which the Duke of Fridland used to excuse himselfe from fighting it out with the King of Sweden for saith he if my Army be overthrowne Walensteines reason for not fighting the Emperor my Master can hardly at least not this yeere bring another Army into the Field whereas the Swedish will quickely recreute their losses by the emptying of their garrisons Iust the answer of a Turkish Captive unto the Christians The losse of an Army to the Grand Signior my Master is but like the shaving of his beard the bush will grow againe but t is like the lopping off a limme to the Christians never to be recovered All this could hardly have beene avoyded on the Imperiall party could but the King of Sweden have laine long enough by it to have made Walenstein rise first who might not then have devided his Army to relieve other places which thereupon must have suffered but have kept all his power together out of the expectation to be foughten withall But this the Kings necessities before spoken of prevented The Duke of Fridlands late comming unto Norimberg was to coope up the King of Sweden by which first act of his power he seem'd at first hearing What Walenstein had done all this time upon the King to have gained this reputation unto his cause That he had at least put the King of Sweden to a Demurrer if not utterly Non-suited him For this service was the Generalissimo as he deserved much courted and thanked from Vienna his discreet conduct in it extraordinarily applauded by his Master yea and his authority upon demaund by anew Imperiall Commission strangely now augmented The Kings necessities having brought him to it That he must needs rise first or lye still and doe nothing Walenstein contented himselfe with this honour That he had put him to these necessities The King being first marcht off and Walenstein by his espialls assured that it was no plot in the King no tricke to wheele about and to assayle him in another quarter He rises but that he was already set downe at Neustat for the refreshing of his Army he having no more to doe here resolues also to be rising This motion was much put forward by these and the like reasons First Should he lye long other places must suffer and his reasons for it so that there was a present and a pressing necessity for him to relieve other places with some of his forces The Generall-Adjutant Zinzindorff is therefore sent with 2. Regiments into Austria to represse the Commotion of the Boores there Gallas is with 4. Regiments dispatched thorow the Vpper Palatinate into Voitland to enable Holck to doe the more mischiefe there and in Misnia so to enforce the Duke of Saxony to recall his Army out of Silesia Secondly He perceived his mightie vaste Army to waste away apace Some thousands had beene slaine many dead and runne away divers spoyl'd and made unserviceable The bloody Fluxe reigned mightily in his Leaguer and the souldiers great complaint was of an extraordinarie want both of
came all to early A gentle mist as if fore-dooming how blacke a day it would be did his good will to have kept it night still and the Sunne as if his great eye had before-hand over-read the fatality of the following day seemed very loath to have begunne it So sweet a correspondencie though secret and so sensible a compassion betwixt Gods more noble instruments there is that the day had rather have beene no day then become Gustavus his last day and the Sunne had rather have conceal'd his owne glory then his fellow Gustavus beames should be extinguished But the martiall King even forcing himselfe to awaken Time and hasten on mortality would needs make those clocks and larums of the warres his fatall Drummes to beate two houres before day-light Arme Arme Repaire to your Colours keepe your Orders stand to your Armes these were the morning summons to awaken the heartie souldiers from a cold a hard and an earthly lodging The Armie was easie to be put in order for that the most part of it had laine and slept in Battaglia One while was the King purposed to have advanc't and falne on presently but the warre being Gods cause he would like David and Himselfe first aske counsell of the God of Battells and at least recommend His owne cause unto Him The Drummes having beaten the first March Hee caused prayers to be read to himselfe by his owne Chaplaine Doctor Fabritius and where there were Ministers at hand the same was done thorow every Regiment of the Army The morning proved so mistie that it was not possible to see which way to march nor where to find an enemie to strike at And this vnluckily staid the Kings thoughts from advancing presently This was a fogge of advantage unto Walenstein who purposing but to stand his ground which by working all night about the ditch and high-way his Pioners had made more troublesome to be assaulted was now resolued that if he must fight he would there abide the first shocke and no way to seeke the Battell or to mooue towards his Adversarie About 8. a clocke the mist brake up and but for one mischance in it promised as faire a day as ever was 6th of November As it beganne to cleere the King tooke occasion to encourage up his souldiers and going to his owne Subiects first The Kings Orations he to this purpose bespake them My deare brethren carry your selues bravely this day fight valiantly a Gods name to the Swedes for your Religion and for your King This if you doe Gods blessing and the peoples praises shall be your guerdon and you for ever shall even be laden with an honourable and a glorious memoriall nor will I forget to reward you nobly If you play the Pultrons I here call God to witnesse that not a bone of you shall ever returne againe into Sweden To the Germane Troopes this was the Oration To the Germanes ô you my Brethren Officers and fellow-souldiers of the Germane nation I here most earnestly intreate and beseech you to make full tryall of your valours this one day against your enemies Fight manfully against them this day both with me and for me Be not faint-hearted in the Battell nor for any thing discouraged Set me before your eies and let me be your great example even me who dreadlessely for your cause am here readie to adventure my life and blood to the uttermost of any danger This if you doe there is no doubt but that God himselfe will from Heaven reward you with a most glorious victorie of which both your selues and long posteritie shall plentifully enioy the benefits This if you doe not farewell for ever to your Religion and your liberties must for ever remaine enslaved These Orations of the Kings being from both nations with a horride clashing of their Armour and with cheerefull vowes and acclamations answered the King as cheerefully then replied And now my hearts let us on bravely against our enemies and God prosper our endeavours Sprightfully withall casting up his eies to Heaven he with a loud voyce thither sent up this forcible ejaculation Iesu Iesu Iesu The Kings Prayers vouchsafe thou this day to be my strong helper and give me courage this day to fight for thy glorie and the honour of thy great Names sake This Praier according to other Relations I find that he sometimes thus varied for he led on praying ô my Lord Iesu Sonne of God! blesse these our Armes and this dayes Battell for thine owne glory and holy names sake This said he drew out his sword which waving over his head hee advanced forward the formost of all his Army His royall person was that day waited upon His attendance by Duke Francis Charles of Saxon-Lawenburg and by some of his Maiesties owne neerest servants The Lord Crailsham also Great Master or Marshall of his Majesties Houshold had the leading of a bodie of Reformadoes which were especially commanded to waite upon the Kings owne person And amongst these were our English and Scottish Gentlemen and Officers whom as I have before told you the King had at Schleusing heretofore Reformed Of this Bodie which consisted of severall nations were there still 3. or 4. close about the King readie to be sent with orders up and downe the Armie who were still supplied by Crailsham The King was that day attired as usually he was accustomed in a plaine Buff-coate and un-armed Some report that a tendernesse he had in his shoulder where a Musket bullet had a long time stucke would not suffer him to endure armour And therefore when he was this morning desired to put on his Corslet he said The Lord God was his Armour and refused it The Kings Watch-word was the same which had beene of so good an Omen His Watch-word before at Leipsich GOTT MIT VNS God with Vs. The Generall Walensteins being now the same which Tillyes then was IESVS MARIA This was the Kings order of Embattailing His whole Army which now after he had left some at Naumburg and at Weissenfels was betweene 17 and 18000 men hee devided into two Fronts and each of these into the Wings and Battell with their Reserves Each of the Wings were composed of sixe severall Regiments or Squadrons of Horse lined with five severall Bodies His Order of Commanded Muskettiers every one of which Bodies had two small Drakes or Feilding Peeces which advanced playing still before them The Battell in each Front consisted of foure Brigades of Foot a Reserve of Foot being betwixt the two middle Brigades of the first Front and a Reserve of Horse hindmost of all betwixt the two middle Brigades of the Reere or Second Front Before each Brigade marcht sixe Peeces of greater Ordnance and thus much the first sight of the Figure showes you The Right Wing markt with the Letter I was led by the King himselfe whose place is to be seene just over the said letter and number 6. neere
not to be the King of Sweden for notwithstanding that himselfe told them he was the King yet divers for all that suspected him rather to be some great man that said so to save his owne life as desirous rather to be taken prisoner Severall reports there went abroad the Army of the circumstances of his manner of dying Some relate it thus that one Truckses who waited upon the King in his chamber being himselfe falne downe wounded besides the King and after brought off alive was demanded by an Officer of the enemies Who the King was and that asking the same question of the King he should answere That he was the King of Sweden whereupon he thrust him thorow the body with a broad sword and then ranne away for that the Swedes now charged Not much varying from this is the Letter of Nicephorus Kesel Preacher vnto Duke Bernard who names one Loebelfinger a young Gentleman in stead of Truckses This Loebelfinger is sonne to Colonell Loebelfinger of Norimberg who was now servant indeed unto the Lord Marshall Crailsham and so very likely to be neere the Kings Person Adding that some Horsemen of the enemies a-lighting to strip the dead bodies askt the King who he was who answered I am the King of Sweden who doe seale the Religion and Libertie of the Germane Nation with my blood After which subjoyning Alas my poore Queene and commending his soule to God they then kill'd this dying Conquerour For one of the Imperialists at this time shot him thorow the head into the right temple the bullet passing againe out at the left another thrust his sword into his body and right side and he or a third gave him a chop withall in the legge and so left him naked with fiue wounds upon him The dying King wounded and mangled the Swedes by that time comming on to charge againe This was reported by the young Gentleman saith the Preacher who hauing there receiued three wounds was laid among the dead as one of them but being afterwards brought off aliue hee then reported thus of it But were it Truckses or were it Loebelfinger hee is said to have dyed of his wounds so soone as ever he was fetcht off so that he had no time nor strength to tell more of it That there is a difference in the names is an easie mistake especially so suddenly after that huddle Truckses might report it from Loebelfinger Different reports reconciled or Loebelfinger from Truckses However I have divers Writings that runne upon the same thing and therefore surely there was at that time such a beliefe amongst a many in the Army This probabilitie is very much strengthened by the Imperiall souldiers owne report of it made at Prague to those Gentlemen of our nation then prisoners there How namely that the King being first wounded and in his retreat pursued by them would as they offered to shoot and strike at him call out and say That hee was the King of Sweden My Spanish Relation addes this to it In the beginning of the encounter one Innocentius Bucela Comrade to Colonel Piccolomini knew the King as he lay wounded and dying upon the ground whereof giving Piccolomini notice The Imperialists goe to see the dying King he with ten more went to see the Body which was yet quivering and whilest they were about to bring it away a troope of the enemies charging forced them to retire and leave it The noise of his death was presently dispersed abroad but yet beleefe was not fully given to it for that some prisoners affirmed that he was but hurt and carryed in a close Coach following his white Ensigne Thus farre my Spaniard All this might be true The Swedish prisoners that reported him to be but wounded were those that were taken so soone as ever he offered to retreat and before he was shot the second time But that they said he was carryed off in his Coach c. was their Iudgement that being wounded it was likely he would goe off in his Coach which at first stood behind the White Regiment What now if putting all these together we should suppose Piccolomini himselfe and his Company A conjecture to be the men that thus questioned and wounded the dying King of Sweden Was it for meerely charging with his Regiment when the King of Sweden was first shot that Walenstein afterwards bestowed as much Lands in Bohemia upon him as he was offered 400000 Dollars for which amounts to 100000 pound Sterling But this I make but a suspition no accusation nor have I heard it from Prague that Piccolomini should thus use him Past conjecture it is that he who could not be conquered was there slaine and for the principall manner in this very fashion in the possibility and circumstances whereof I for mine owne part doe rest satisfied His death was knowne but to some few of the great ones no not to those of his owne Army or Wing The Kings death concealed from his owne Army for 24 houres after all beleeving what was either by Art or Error given out how that hee was but carryed off wounded Hence it is that the Letters written the very same night speake so doubtfully of his death or so hopefully of his life and that those few words which He is reported to have spoken when he lay on the ground a dying were after mistaken to be uttered at Weissenfels in that 6 houres or 36 houres which hee was said to have lived The Royall Corps was after a quarter of an houre recovered by Colonell Stolhanshe and in an Ammunition wagon out of which the powder was purposely shifted was it privately carryed out of the Field unto Weissenfels for that his Coach was runne away among others The Body recovered in the fright which the Crabats lately put the wagons to And this long insertion concerning the manner of the Kings death I confesse to be rather seasonable then methodicall The Authors excuse an Historian I know would rather have referred all this unto the latter end of the Combate But for that I have still observed how curiously inquisitive men have beene after the manner of the Kings death I supposed that an indeavour to give content in that kinde would be no unseasonable didistraction though the very heate and fiercest of the encounter in other parts be a while deferred to those that so much longed for it yea more then for any other part of the Story Returne we now into the Battell and to the Right Wing againe The mist that we before told you of was not by their owne side judged to be any way prejudiciall but advantageous rather unto the Swedish seeing that the Imperialists who had now the better of it were by the falling of this Mist so arrested as that they pursued not the Retreat which they had put the Swedish unto The rumour likewise of the Kings death made them so to clutter about the Body that that also stayed
easily especially where he found himselfe vsed like a King and sued vnto Himselfe would say when he tooke notice now and then of this touchinesse of his owne nature so apt with a little spark to take fire That he must endure ever and anon the diversities of their humours the flegme of some and the drinke of others and that in equity therefore they ought something the better to beare with his cholericknesse And an indifferent temper in men would have passed by this infirmity in him could they have but consideted the multitudes and varieties of those greater thoughts which were still agitated in that ever working braine and spirit of his wound up and labouring upon the stretch without intermission A man me thinks should doe with a bad humor in a Prince as with a bad Angell give him his full Graines and Allowances and then weigh him But if you please to put into the either skale those extraordinary many vertues in him his sweetnesse of disposition his easinesse of accesse the familiarnesse of his carriage his care that every common souldier should have his due and his moderation in the greatnesse of his successes not thinking his shaddow one spanne the more spreading then surely the beame would so cast it on the better sâ—ide that his choler would seeme but as the dust of the balance to them But yet another fault was there in this most excellent Prince which now hath spoyl'd all the rest That namely his courage suffered his Iudgement no better to distinguish betwixt the duties of a common Carabin and a Generall of an Army but would adventure the King as farre as the Leader of a Partee and that by consequence he tooke no better care for the saving and sparing of the best blood of the Army but was too too prodigall an unthrift of it The marvaile is not that he was so hazardous of it in a Cause so glorious but that in all those encounters he lost no more of it his owne life perpetually being as farre and forwardly engaged and still running the same hazards with the meanest of his Army But yet for taking off this blame from him this in his discharge is to be said That that naturall constitution of his not of fire onely but of flame made all the valour and couragiousnesse of his Army behold unto his example and that the well speeding of his so many victories was principally to be ascribed to his presence in the encounters the very sight of such a Leader like some puissant Aspect in the heavenly Constellations infusing a secret influence and irrradiation of courage into his owne and of fright and terrour into his enemies And by these excellencies arrived he to this height of glory even of a military glory And see what a true-rais'd Fame can doe it hath something in it not onely beyond the nature of an Eagle but of a Starre too for the higher aire this Prince wrought himselfe up into the fuller still and the liker Statua his vertues have appeared and he bigned upon the eye of envie in his Mountie Bodies meerly up of craft or fortune doe out of cunningnesse affect to conceale their owne greatnesses Like Mercury among the Plantets who though of a fiery and a flushing luster yet so politicke a Courtier and close a waiter he is and that upon industry as by ever crowding neer the Sunne he hath gained to walke so farre obscured under his Masters glories that his devoutest servants the Astronomers can seldome or never procure the sight of him Wheras Bodyes made up of true worth and substance are like the Sunne it selfe then arrived to the brightest of their Beauties when in the highest degree of their Exaltations And this is something towards the Character of the King of Sweden whilest he was And alas that I must say Whilest he was Now would I give all my part in Grammer to alter but one Tense and to say He is But because He is no more amongst us this Character and Story of his may serve in stead of his Picture to conserve his memory I confesse I am not Limner cunning enough to give every part of him his true stelling and proportion nor have I the Art either with sweete touches or bold and masterly stroaks so to heigthen up my Peece or make it to stand off as every way to be like him In this onely doe I please my selfe that those who have had the honour to be about his person may here refigure a touch or two that come something neere the Life of him This also I assure my selfe of that those nobler foes who have sometimes beene made feele his Armes will be amongst the liberallest to contribute towards his praises if it be but onely to take off something from their owne losses to justifie their owne disgraces and to show that no man inferiour to this Character could have beene thus active and successefull upon them That which is admirable beyond all the rest is That this Prince hath left the affaires behind him in an estate seeming advantageous to both parties The one side thinke skales turn'd by his killing His owne Allyes he left in possession of more then two third parts of Germany of the better townes and the greater rivers even from the Vistula in Muskovia unto the Rhine and Danuby the Oder the Elb the Danuby the Mayn and the Rhine all these are witnesses of his personall Trophees and so are the Weser and the Mosel of others of his Captaines To continue these Conquests he left seven faire Armies behind him with their Generals In the Vpper Saxony his owne to Duke Bernard in the Lower Saxony a 2d. under Baron Kniphausen In Silesia a third under Dubalt In Bavaria a fourth under the Palatine Birckenfelt About Cullen a fifth under Baudissin in Alsatia a sixth under Gustavus Horn and in Schwabland a seuenth under The Duke of Wirtemberg and Sir Patrick Ruthven I reckon not the Saxons the Lunenburgers the Bremers nor the Hessens because under their owne Princes though all whilest he lived by him as the Generall Director of the Wars to be commanded Adde to this the strength of his Confederacies all Princes excepting those of the House of Austria some few Italians and the Catholike Leaguers being his Allyes What now remaineth but that the Protestant Princes of the Empire doe goe on still to pursue the advantages which he left unto them to banish all personall jealousies and mis-intelligences to soder up all old ruptures and divisions to lay aside the standing upon their punto's and the Heraldry of their genealogies and to suffer the Warres to be conducted not by Princes of the best Houses but the greatest abilities to husband their time and oportunities to presse action and not to bee too tedious in their consultations to take advantage of what is both passed and present to study how to conserve their owne estates under that of the Empire to communicate their counsels and unite their Forces
shall thereby be kept inviolable And by these presents we doe promise and doe freely consent and grant with and upon mature deliberation that in case the neede and necessity of the Kingdome shall so require whether it be by reason of the enmity that we are already fallen into or in respect of some new enemies which haply may make opposition and enmity against our most gracious young Queene and the State of this Kingdome in one manner or other then we with life and goods are ready and willing to maintaine our right and liberties and to stand with all our might and ability in opposition against all such as shall dare to confront and withstand our proceedings 7th Article 7. Seventhly We know well enough that no Kingdome can possibly subsist without means neither can any Warre be rightly managed without great charges And therefore we have likewise thought fit and good that the Lille and Quarne Toll or Custome shall be continued for the good and profit of the Kingdome according to the order and manner as the same is now raised and received As also that the Messengerships granted the last yeere shall for this time goe forward and take place Moreover if so be that the Warre in Germany should yet longer continue or if it should happen that our Kingdome and Countrey should fasten upon some other warre and trouble We doe likewise promise and oblige our selves That when thereupon we shall be required by the Peeres States and Lords of the Realme Wee will with all our meanes power and abilities stand and fight for our Religion Queene Kingdomes and liberties Whensoever necessity shall thereunto invite us For we have ever hitherto esteemed the welfarre of our Kingdome and State to be our chiefest happinesse and therefore haue couragiously adventured both our goods and lives upon it To this wee oblige our selves by these Presents That We in all these particulars above written are resolved and have unanimously generally and particularly in our owne and in the behalfe of our brethren present and absent as well unborne as borne freely and willingly consented agreed approoved and concluded and therein sufficiently accorded and doe promise as faithfull religious and true sincere meaning Subiects to performe the same Wee the Councell State c. of Sweden have Vnderwritten and Sealed Actum At Stockholm the 14. of March 1633. The Diet of Heilbrun ANd that the Reader for a Farewell may perceiue the present constitution of the affaires in the Empire and in what good correspondency the Protestant Princes are at this present one with another and how well disposed to the continuance of the warres for so good a Cause I will conclude my Booke with that new League of these 4. Principall Circles of the Empire that is to say The Franconian Suevian the Vpper and Lower Circles of the Rhine made in the Diet of Heilbrun in the Dukedome of Wirtemberg 18. English miles from Heidleberg in the moneths of March and April last past that so my Story may end as it begun with a Diet. What Princes were present There were personally present at this meeting the Duke of Wirtemberg and the Administrator the Marquesse of Baden the Count of Hanaw with the most of the 17. Earles of Wetteraw For the Prince Elector Palatine and the Administrator Lodowicke Broâ—her to the King of Bohemia were there 4. Commissioners whereof Colonell Peblitz being the chiefe he sate above all the Princes at the upper end of the Table all the Propositions were directed towards him and he had the opening of all letters in place of the Elector Palatine There were present besides the Ambassadors of other Princes and the Deputies of the Imp. Cities in these 4. Circles The Lord Chancellor Oxenstiern by whose procurement this Diet had beene convoked had his lodging in the towne and came not at all into the State-house among the Princes but sent them in this discourse and these Propositions following which were the grounds and materialls for the Diet to worke upon His stile in the present Diet was Councellor Chancellor and Extraordinary Ambassador for the most Illustrious and High-borne the Hereditary Heyer and Princesse of the Crowne of Sweden And with this Declaration he began his Propositions Illustrious and Right Honourable Princes and States Evangeliacall here assembled I will not too much trespasse upon your patience Oxenstierns Propositions with an over tedious recitall of the Causes upon which the High and mighty Prince of ever-glorious memory Gustavus Adolphus King of Sweden c. was enforced to take Armes and openly to make opposition against the Roman Emperour Ferdinand the Second of that name and his confederates the Catholike Leaguers more and more at that time every day prevailing in their oppressions of the Evangeliacall Electors Princes and States and of their Honours priviledges and immunities all the Romane Empire over yea and most iniuriously beginning to encroach upon the next neighbour Princes and their Provinces forasmuch as these things be notorious unto the world and that the Iustice of the Kings Armes be by no man doubted of And yet some briefe recapitulation doe I thinke convenient to make of them Most apparent it is that his said sacred Maiesty now at rest in the Lord was without any formall denuntiation of warre infested by the Emperor His Ambassadors comming with the offer and meanes of a peaceable compounding of depending Controversies most disgracefull entreated yea and contrary to all lawes of nations and civility not without scornefull affronts offered turned home againe and the whole Treaty by that vsage abruptly broken off with him That his subiects of Sweden even contrary to long usage amity and Covenants heretofore in generall contracted with the Romane Empire and in particular with certaine neighbour Princes and Free-States have beene disturbed in their Commerces Embargo's laid upon their Ships and fetters upon their saylers That the Catholike Leaguers likewise notwithstanding that among other Electors of the Empire they had beene requested that they would be pleased to forbeare the making themselues parties in these differences but rather to seeke how to find redresse for them and notwithstanding that at the request of the French King confederated with his sacred Maiesty there had beene Neutrality granted unto the said Leaguers if so be they thought good to accept of it yet did they not onely refuse that Neutrality but entred also into a stricter confederation of warres against his said Maiesty and conioyning their forces under their Generall Tilly with those of his Imperiall Maiesty they forbare not to doe their uttermost against the said King whom out of pure necessity they by this meanes enforced in hostile manner to oppose himselfe against all of them And notwithstanding that these and the like motives which for brevities sake be here omitted doe sufficiently iustifie his said Maiesties Armes-taking being he was enforced to them yet this is the thing above all the rest to be considered the devises namely
thus brought into a place of safetie and these 3 good townes with others taken order for part of the Armie is sent with the yong Rhinegrave towards the Mosel The Swedish sent towards the Mosel to oppose Don Cordova fresh newes being againe brought to Mentz that Don Cordova was comne almost as neere as Triers with 22 troopes of horse and 6000 foot forces This was about the beginning of our May the 8 of which moneth Duke Bernard Weymar having at Mentz discharged himselfe of the Armie goes through Wormbs immediately up into Bavaria to the King of Sweden the cause of whose discontent wee shall anon tell you when namely wee enter into Gustavus Hornes Storie Wee left the Count of Embden within Spires whose Armie since their taking of that towne had attempted nothing upon the rest of the countrey excepting onely that he enquartered some troopes in Aenwiler Cron-Weissenburg and Landaw The occasion for this was I suppose in the Marquesse of Baden as wee shall tell you by and by From the townesmen of Spiers notwithstanding any former conditions made with Horneck did the Count demand 100000 Dollars The Count of Embdens doings in Spiers which upon their complaint of povertie were moderated to 80000. His souldiers made bold with their Hosts now and then if they saw any thing that liked them Diverse of the richer sort were now likewise accused for former practises with the Swedes but the quarrell was not to the men but to their purses The Marquesse William of Baden he that is commonly called so having beene by his Imperiall Majestie appointed his Generall heretofore in this Circle of the Rhine The Marquesse of Baden demands to have Spiers surrendred unto him sent word now unto the Count of Embden that he had order from his Imperiall Majestie to take the citie of Spiers which was the Chamber of the Empire into his owne charge and Imperiall protection The Count returned him this answere That he for his part had commission from the King of Spaine to take in so much of the countrey as had heretofore beene Spanish so that every man being obliged to perform his best service for his owne Master The Count of Embdens deniall of it to expect his commands only hee could not see that hee ought to yeeld up his possession in the place untill hee saw some order for it from the Court of Brussells This returne was the Marquesse constrained to accept of for an answere But the Count of Embden very suddenly after this was fayne of himselfe to forsake the towne without receiving any other Commission from Brussells then that hee could not from thence be relieved His necessities The Swedish troopes alreadie advanced towards the Mosel intercercepted a Courryer and a Packet of his to Don Cordova and her Highnesse the Archduchesse That unlesse he might be seconded from thence within 14 dayes he should no wayes be able to keep his possession in the countrey but be constrained to venture his Armie into the mercy of the Swedes at his countermarching And so it fell out indeed For the Rhinegrave having with his Armie by this time taken possession of the Huntsruck Don Cordova that was now advanced as high as Triers judged it a better peece of Soldiery to retire againe with his Armie then to adventure it upon such difficulties Some of his horse and 2 Commissaries as I find amongst them being sent over Triers bridge into the Huntsruck to discover the posture of the Rhinegrave and to make provisions for the following Armie Don Cordova cannot get over the Mosel were light upon by the Swedish and sent prisoners into Mentz Those that escaped carryed this word backe unto Don Cordova that the Swedish were too strong for him in the Huntsruck and that they had possest themselves of all the advantageous Poasts in the woods and mountaines This newes caused Cordova to retyre and to leave the Count of Embden but in a bad taking The Count of Embden forced to forsake Spiers Some other necessities pincht at the same time upon the Count of Embden The Chancellor Oxenstiern had an Armie in his way to hinder his retreate and so made it dangerous for him to goe and the Marshalls De la Force and D' Effiat were alreadie parted out of Lorrayne and into the edge of the Palatinate with a French Armie and this made it as dangerous to stay also So that goe or stay there was danger in it And true it is that the French Army was by the 21 of May and the Reasons comne as farre as Zweibrucken the town of the Palatine the Duke of Deux Ponts upon the Westerne frontiers of the Palatinate about 40 miles distant from Spiers citie The comming of these French forces was in favour of the Elector of Triers whom his Majesty of France had against the Spanish taken into his protection Two prime forts had this Elector of Triers both which he had yeelded to consigne over into the French Kings hands and these this Armie now came though the Elector perchance could have better beene contented not to have beene put to it to make this consignation to take possession of One of these Fortresses was the towne and castle of Vdenheim and this was close by Spiers The French come with an army through the Palatinate within 6 English miles of it too neere to be ill neighbours The other strength they went to take seisin of was the castle of Hermanstein where the Mosel falls into the Rhine and this corner if the French gat into they would prove very troublesome to the Spanish in their passage backe againe through the Huntsruck And so indeed it after hapned To these two is a third necessity to be added The Prince of Orange was now preparing for the field so that there was likely to be more use for the Spanish at home in the Low-Countries then here above in the Palatinate And these are some of the reasons that constrained the Count of Embden so suddenly to forsake these quarters This is sure That about the same day moneth that he took Spiers citie upon he againe forsooke it Saturday April 21. he entred it upon Whitsun Munday May 21 he again leaves it Don Philip de Sylva who had so long beene Generall in these * He was Generall of all the Spanish in the Palatinate and the 2 Electorates of Mentz and Triers parts upon the Rhine now prepares likewise to returne home with the Armie This Generall tooke order before his parting for the re-enforcing of the garrison of Franckendale with 3 fresh troopes of horse and 1200 footmen The Magazine he also caused to be new stored and the sicke and unserviceable people to be brought out of it For the defence of Spiers did the Count of Embden appoint 1000 horse and Foot and so left the neighbour countrey to the direction of the Marquesse of Baden as hee had desired The Generall Ossa perceiving
Armies and that against all reason without any cause and besides all colour of right and justice wee are yet sensible of And which is worse then all this wee yet feele that when wee and our poore Subjects did at any time complaine or sue for justice or redresse wee were but scorned and rejected for our labours contrary to all lawes and rights of nations in generall and unto the Imperial Capitulations in particular as also against the peace of Religion and of Policie all Constitutions and Articles of the Empire and of the Circles thereof Wee have endured the most barbarous usage that might be in our said dominions Enquarterings namely Taxations Burnings Robberies Sackings of our townes and villages yea also and of putting to the sword innumerable innocent subjects of ours of all sorts The miserable estate of the Protestant Princes before the Kings comming into Germany for even thus were all of them served But wee haue since understood what their intent and drift then was in so doing by all force and violence namely to render us every where odious and to make a most miserable beggar of us withall by at once depriving us of our Countrey goods and subjects During all which proceedings of theirs and most lamentable sufferings of ours the worst of all yet was that upon those infinite complaints prayers cryes and lamentations which both by word of mouth letters and Ambassages we made unto his Imperiall Majesty your selfe and other Princes our Cosins c. wee were never able to obtaine so much as that any one of all these would once vouchsafe to take the lest pitty of our cases or shew any Christian compassion towards us as if wee had utterly beene uncapable yea unworthy altogether of any law Justice kindnesse favour or benefit By this meanes God is our witnesse wee being become a Prince rejected altogether by such as beare sway in the Empire found our selves and that upon just grievances not to bee longer endured enforced to take upon us such a resolution as is indeed lesse desperate and more salutarie then if wee had longer suffered and wincked at the said horrible and most enormous proceedings For this reason therefore have wee made allyance with those that by the most especiall providence of God and to their owne great hazzard dangers and expences are comne armed into Germany to the comfort of the Evangelicall Professors and consequent'y of our owne selves whom fighting for the just cause God hath already blessed with such notable victories as wee already most heartily thanke him for them Thus being obliged to seeke by Gods helpe together with our said Allyes and our sword which our enemies have by force put into our hands such a Peace and quietnesse as wee have not beene able heretofore to obtaine by any prayers or any even almost unworthy and unprincely and therefore unexcusable patience complaints or petitions Being now by these reasons obliged to take the same courses as your said league hath given us examples to doe and being now utterly robbed and despoiled of what was our owne to seeke what heretofore was not our owne Wherefore wee kindly pray you as being a most excellent and high member of the said Catholike league not to take it in ill part if wee now follow the Rule which is so solidly grounded upon Reason and Iustice Quod quis iuris statuerit in alium eo ipso ipse utatur That every man would be content to have the same sentence passe upon himselfe which he hath pronounced upon another And thus since there cannot at this present any end of these Germane miseries be expected without such conditions be first assented unto whereby those insupportable grievances of the Protestants may before-hand be removed and without the consent of such Princes not of us alone as the Catholicke League hath by force as it were drawne into this warre and in whose hands the right of peace-making yet remaineth And forasmuch as the Generall Director of the Protestant warre his royall Majesty of Sweden The King of Swedens Title given him by the Protestants by name our most deare and honoured Lord and Cosin hath appointed us what to doe untill either by the sharpnesse of our swords or rather by some faire meanes if it were possible such a true peace might once againe be setled whereby both our selves and posterities might become sufficiently assured of our safeties and that hereafter wee might no more stand in awe of the like miseries and abuses Meane while that such a peace is expected his said most Excellent Majestie hath promised us his royall Protection intending to bring all to consent unto such conditions and to give such assecurations as shall be sufficient to hinder all further bloodshed and destruction We therfore for our own parts now doe and ever hereafter shall according to our peaceable and Christian inclination so soone as ever wee shall understand the said Lord Generall Director and other interessed Princes to be satisfied in themselves and be pleased to signifie unto us the meanes whereby this warre which hath beene enforced upon them and us may have a happy conclusion offer our selves with all readinesse to performe whatsoever may become a Prince that keepes a good Christian Conscience within him and is not desirous of any troubles even as we have not been the causers of these miseries Thus Wee remaine Yours c. With this breaking in of the Landgraves into Westphalia and upon such a quarrell too was Francis William Bishop of Osnabrug though something out of the way so much affrighted that he fled speedily unto Cullen And there he thought himselfe yet at home seeing when hee was but Count of Wartenberg he had beene Major Dome Hoffmeister or Lord Steward unto that Elector till the yeare 1625 that he was chosen Bishop of Osnabrug But the Landgrave meant him not he was yet busie in Paderborn and Westphalia About the middle of October he first summons the Temporall Lords and Gentlemen of the Bishoprick to appeare before him to take the Oath of fidelitie to the King of Sweden and the Protestant Partie The Landgrave summons the Gentry of Paderborn to agree among themselves concerning the levying of the Contributions and to consult upon the enquartering of his soldiers Here did he give out Commissions also for some new levyes Thus doth he likewise in the jurisdiction of the Abbot of Corbey In the conquered places of Westphalia hee had at his first entrance published his Proclamation which was for the calling home of all such Westphalian soldiers as were in service either with the Emperor or Catholike leaguers giving them 6 weekes time to come in after which hee would sease upon what ever they had in the countrey Those of Westphalia send to agree with him The Catholickes of this Duchie of Westphalia being startled by the neernesse of the danger send their Deputies unto the Landgrave desirous to purchase their peace at the best hand of him
mounted and fortified soever it be that could have borne the Crosse with a better tempered moderation then he had done his sufferings doe admire that patience of his which was indeed most eminently remarkable in him Most true it is that a many excellent vertues of this Prince have not onely beene over-clouded but have also beene oppressed by the unlucky weightinesse of his infelicities and yet have so many others broke forth and beamd out from him as might have beene sufficient to have dazeled the owle-eyes of Envy and bungd up the mouths of that malignitie and mis-speaking with which he hath continually beene tongue-smitten and persecuted His House his Extraction his Kinred his Allyances together with his personall good qualities even these ought of duty to commaund forbearance in those Satyricall and mercenary spirits who are still provided of Common places both for Panegyricks and Invectives which they make serve their turnes according to the times to make shew of their owne queint wits even with disparaging of great Princes whose highnesse of Birth alone should be enough to make such people know their distances There is an honour due to Princes of what side soever they be yea and an Apologie for this very Gentleman who though too too grossely undervalued he were in these his misfortunes yet was ever well respected by those that best knew him even in the lowest declination of his disgraces Highly honoured he was by a most ample testimony of that solide judgemented Prince the King of Sweden upon the offer of variety of occasions who was sometimes enforced to moderate that thirst and pursuite of military honour in him and otherwhile professed himselfe to bee so inveigled as it were by the sweetnesse of his Conversation as to engage his promise to him many a time to r'impatriate and re-estate him againe in his place of honour with a request to him to manage his life so as might be best for the improvement of the publick the comfort of his friends and those about him The Subjects of this good Prince may have plentifull matter of consolation from that most heroicall and masculine spirited Princesse his Queene and from that sweet and numerous Issue which he hath left behinde him which promises them an entire affranchisement one day againe and the resetling of a Family so many wayes considerable as is one of the first and ancient liest descended of all Europe A Queene who for her beautie and vertues demerits to be made no lesse then what shee was borne or Crowned and who for the unexampled bearing of these varied afflictions deserves to be made more then there are yet Titles for An Issue so faire and for their numbers such a blessing as were not onely prepared by God for a present Comfort to their widowed Mother but which their owne excellent towardlinesse gives pregnant hopes of for the raising of their owne faire Family againe and engrafting the Palatine branches into most of the great Houses of the Empire The Reader I hope will not take it amisse from me that I have done that right unto so great a Prince which in all duty and conscience I felt my selfe obliged to A Prince who hath these many yeares beene the Butt of misfortunes and of the insolencies and insultations which of course follow upon them And this have I done so much the more confidently for that this Prince hath had the honour of allyance not onely with other great Kings but also with mine own gracious Soveraigne Truly all persons of honour ought of right to esteeme themselves interessed in the chary conservation of the honours of their equalls and however otherwise diversly affected yet should they all joyne to rescew one another from malignity and to palliate their disgraces with their very Crownes Purples FINIS The Index to the fourth Part. A. ALsatia what Towns the Imperialists had in it before Horns comming 39 Horne comes into it 47 Altringer falls into Hessen 81 Arnheym cleeres Lusatia 157 Reysed from Zittaw by Don Balthazar 158 Advances against the Jmperialists 160 Pursues the Imperialists from Olau bridge 168 Chases them to Meravia 169 Recalled into Saxony ibid. B. BAnnier besieges Magdenburg 108 His feare of Pappenheym 110 His men cut off 300. Jmperialists 118 Ioynes with Duke William 119 Sent for unto the King 123 Baudissin takes charge of Todes Army 137 Left with halfe the Army by the Duke of Lunenburg 145 In vaine besieges 〈◊〉 147 Beates the Gronffeâ—â—ers at Brakel 148 Reysed from Hoxter by Pappenheym 148 Retreates into Hessen-land 149 Falls into Cullen-land 150 Benfelt the siege of it 55 Taken 64 Made over to the Strasburgers 66 Claymed by Lorraine 67 Bernard Weymar drawes out the Army in the Palatinate against the Spanish 4 goes to relieve Spiers 10 strengthens Manheym and Wormbs 11 goes to the K. of Swed 12 Discontented and the causes of it 28 Brandenburgers come with Dubalt into Silesia 158 Bremen Bishop rysess 106 Bremersford taken 133 Breslaw the great fight before it 163 Refuses to succor the Jmperialists 166 Accords with Dubalt 170 Bretten in the Palatinate taken by Montecuculi 40 Brieg Duke accords with Arnheym â—â— Brunswick Duke thrust out of his own Town by Tilly. 116 Bulach maintaines Benfelt 57 C. CAssel Pappenheym put off from it 140 Coblentz the Spaniards thrust a Garison into it 29 The Rhynegrave takes it from them 31 Colmar taken by Horne 74 Commissary Generall of the Cavallery what Office 6,7 Cordova to come with a secoÌ„d Army into the Palatinate 2 Cannot get ouer the Mosel 11.14 Cullen Elector his feare of Horn. 32 obteynes a Neutrality 34 D. DAmitz taken 104 Diete of Hamborow 97 Director of the Warre the K. of Swedens Title 87 Donaw Baron his tricke used at Breslaw 164 Don Balthasar reyscâ— Arnheym from Zittaw 157 Recovers Steinau 160 Defeated at Steinau 161 and before Breslaw 167 Flees before Arnheym 162 Dubalt comes into Silesia 157 Routes the Jmperialists at Steinau 161 and again before Breslaw 167 His demaunds to Breslaw 167 Brings it to accord 170 Duderstat taken by Lunenburg 144 E. Emden Count leads a Spanish Army into the Palatinate 2 Denyes Spiers unto Marquesse William 13 Forced to quit it 14 Emperor sicke 54 his second son a Bishop 80 His missing the Bishoprick of Magdenburg was the destruction of that City 107 English Regiment joynes with Todt 127 English and Scottish Regiments besiege Boxtchude 128 F. FRanckendale rendred 76 French come with an Army towards Triers 15 Enter it 16 Fulda Abby accords with the Landgrave 80 Furstenberg Count his poore estate 53 G. GOâ—ttingen taken by Duke William 122 Goslar taken by Duke William 122 Glogaw taken by Arnheym Grâ—â—â—â—burg taken by Horn. 33 Gram treates about yielding of Wismar 102 Yeilds it 105 Taken Prisoner for breaking his conditions 105 Gronsfelt left by Pappenheym about the Wesâ—r 143 Relieves Wolffenbuttle 146 Reyses Baudissin from Paderborn 147 Beaten from the Passe of Brakel 148 Left againe about
before them at the numbers 56. 57. 58. Nor were they blamed after the Battell for any slacknesse or not charging for that the King as we told you had ordered Stolhanshe to charge these Curiassiers soundly And as for Bulach and those Squadrons of his now placed to the right hand of Stolhanshe and his Fins beyond number 1 they were in the very beginning of the encounter so diverted that they could not charge right forward as the King expected And for that this is the true reason That Regiment of Crabats in the very end of the Imperiall Left Wing which you see in the Mapp at the number 59. did in the very beginning of the charge wheele about betwixt the Wood and the end of the Kings Right Wing The Crabats wheeling about upon the Kings Waggons and there endeavour to fall upon the Swedish Ammunition-Wagons in the Reere of the Army These Crabats would haue made a foule pudder among the ammunition and haue blowne up most of the powder doubtlesse had not Bulach had an eye to them He giving a home charge upon them beat them off from the wagons for the present but the Swedish Colonell facing it about are beaten off by Bulach to returne to his owne place againe was by the Crabats charged upon the croopes and put to some disorder And this dis-array is easie enough to be beleeued for that the manner of the Crabats fighting being but for a spirt and in no good order whosoever will answer their charge must necessarily doe it in disorder too or else they cannot follow the Crabats to doe any good upon them And iust now fell the mist againe which did this good in that part of the Battell that this disorder among the Swedish Horse was not discerned and so no advantage taken of it In this Interim yea iust at this instant was the King slaine You see so loath I have been to come to it that I have wheeld about in my Relation after the Crabats rather then too suddenly to strike the Readers hearts dead with the same bullets and wounds that the King now died withall But I must come to it The King as was said out of the greatnesse and heate of his courage having made a home charge upon those iron-men the Curiassiers according as himselfe had spoken to Stolhansh he was there overlaid with numbers for his men being in danger to be hembd in both by them and Piccolomini whose Regiment now also charged were faine to give ground and to retire towards their owne Bodies againe There did the King receive a shot in the left Arme which he not feeling enough at first thought it had beene nothing and would needs have led on still The King being wounded in the fight But perceiving by and by his royall blood to gush out abundantly and that part of the bone was withall broken hee thus calls to Duke Francis Albert of Saxon-Lawenburg Cousin saies the King I am sorely wounded helpe me to make my retreate This whilest the Duke and those that were with the King and him were about to doe and were already turned the Squadrons that the King charg'd withall being now also put unto the retreate there came up to them an Officer or Cavalier of the Curiassiers who too well knew the King and observed him when his face had beene towards him This Curiassier comming behind the King as he was now retreating in his retreate shot thorow the Body This is the right Bird saies he with his pistoll at the same time shooting him thorow the Body But the Curiassier though this were no sufficient satisfaction for such a Kings life did not carry it away so for that Luchau who was Stall-master Master of the Horse unto the Duke of Lawenburg shot him dead presently He slaine that shot the King that no man might ever live to glory how hee had slaine the King of Sweden The King was held up in his saddle a very little while but the Curiassiers charged so fiercely in upon the Swedish that they were not able to bring off the dying King who fell presently And plyed he was with bullets even in that interim his Horse being also shot in the shoulder about the necke The King falls who ranne homewards to the Swedish Bodyes without his royall Master even very lately the soule of all those Swedish Bodyes And iust now fell the mist the Sunne who before shined so brightly even almost from the height of his Meridian it being now past a 11. a clocke on the sudden muffling up his face in a mourning Cloud as if not able to looke upon the falling King of Sweden The Duke of Saxon-Lawenburg seeing the King fall and his men beaten backe gaue all for lost presently shifting himselfe withall out of the Battell unto Weissenfells This made him to be so ill spoken of Saxon Lawenburg gets him out of the Battell thorow the whole Armie and to be censured for worse then cowardise the souldiers not sparing to charge treacherie upon him But this scandall those that better knew him haue thus excused The troth is that he had beene at Vienna till the end of Iune before had since that time serued the Imperialists and was but a fortnight or three weekes since comne into the Kings Armie So that he fearing all lost gatt him out of the Battell unto Weissenfels that he might have this to answer to the Imperialists should they become victorious that he was not at all in the Battell But hearing that night how the Swedish had the victory he was by 4. a clocke next morning in the field as forward as the formost However he was the man that first gave abroad the rumour that the King was kild and by him was it sooner knowne in Weissenfels then in the Kings owne Army This Duke finding no employment after the Battell nor great good will among the Army towards him went after 2. or 3. dayes to his Cousin the Elector of Saxony who sent him to the Army in Silesia and there he is now Felt-Marshall unto Lieftenant-Generall Arnheim All this while are the Imperialists masters of the Kings body and of the ground they had beaten the Swedish from They had the King I say in their possession and there they stript him first of all The King stript every man being greedy to get some part of his spoyles that they might hereafter glory to have taken it from the King of Sweden Some got his Spurres one of which had the buckle broken of it a common souldier got his Sword another his Ring which was presented to Holck his Buff-coate his Hat and other parts of his cloaths all were now pillaged from him Why not carried off by the Imperialists And this greedinesse of the souldiers every man to get something was one of the causes that his body was not carried off and kept for ransome Another reason for which might be that every man beleeved him