iiij ol com â„¥ iij aquae com quantum sufficit fiat cataplasma or â„ž rad lilior alb altheae an â„¥ iij fol. malvae parietar senecionis ana m. j. coquantur in hydromelite pissentur trajectis adde farin sem lini â„¥ ij â—xungiae suillae ol liliorum an â„¥ iss fiat cataplasma Or â„ž malvae bismalv violar an m. j. caricarum ping n. x. passul â„¥ ij coquantur in aq com tusis traiectis adde nâ— ellis com â„¥ ij ung basilicon butyri recent ana â„¥ j fiat cataplasma You may profitably use for the same purpose Empl. Diachylon magnum or Basilicon Or â„ž Empl. Dyachil mag â„¥ iij. ung basilicon â„¥ j ol liliorum â„¥ ss Of these mixed together make a a medicine for the foresaid use When the heat paine feaver and other accidents shall remit when the tumor hath a sharpe head when by the pressing of your finger you finde the humor to flow as it were to and fro then you may know that it is ripe Wherefore without any further delay the tumor must be opened lest the matter too long shut up corrode the adjacent parts and the ulcer become sinuous and fistulous For this usually happens especially then when the matter is venenate or maligne or when the swelling is neare a joint or at the fundament or such like hot and moist places For by the decree of Hippocrates wee should anticipate the maturation of such tumors by opening They may be opened with an incision knise or causticke and that either actuall or potentiall For if the patient shall be hartlesse and lesse confident so that he either cannot or will not endure any instrument you must make way for the matter by a potentiall cautery You may also doe the businesse by another slight as thus Thrust the point of a sharpe knife or lancet through a brasse counter that it may stand fast in the midst thereof then cover it diligently with some Emplaister or Cataplasme that neither the Patient nor standers by perceive the deceit then laying on the plaister as that you would make a passage for the matter by that meanes but when you have fitted the point to the part where it is fit to open the tumor so guide the Counter with your fingers that you may presently make an impression into the Tumor sufficient for excluding the matter I have here expressed three deliniations of such Instruments that you may use these either bigger lesser or indifferent as occasion shall serve Counters with the points of Knives or Lances put through them A. shewes the Counter or peece of Silver B. shewes the point of the Lancet Other Instruments for opening Abscesses Rings in which litle knives lyebid fit for to open Abscesses The Deliniation of a Trunke or hollow Iustrument going with a spring A. Shewes the thicker pipe B. Shewes another which enters and is fastened in the other by a scrue C. The point of the Instrument looking out D. The spring which forces the Instrument But there are seven things which must be diligently considered in opening all sorts of Impostumes The first is that you put your knife to that part of the Abscesse which is the softer and yeelds to the impression of your fingers and where it rises into a head or point The second is that you make choise of that place for dissection which is the lowest that so the conteined impurity may the more readily flow out and not stay in the passage The third is that it be made according to the wrincles of the skin and the right fibers of the Muscles lying next under the skin The fourth is that you turne your knife from the larger vessels and Nerves worth speaking of The fifth is that the matter conteined in them be not evacuated too abundantly at once in great Abscesses lest thereby the strength be dejected the spirits being much wasted together with the unprofitable humor The sixth is that the affected part be handled as gently as you can The seventh is that after the opening when the matter is evacuated the Abscesse be clensed filled with flesh and lastly consolidated and cicatrized But seeing that commonly after such sections some part of the Tumor remaines all the conteined humor being not wholy suppurated the Chiurgion may perceive that this is an implicite affect that is a Tumor and Vlcer But the Cure thereof must be so that you take away the Tumor before the ulcer for the ulcer cannot be healed before the part be restored to its nature Therefore the suppuratives formerly prescribed must be used and the ulcer must be dressed for two or three dayes with this following Medicine â„ž Vitellum vnius ovi terebinth Venetae ol Rosar an â„¥ ss fiat medicamentum Then you must seeke to clense it by this following Medicine â„ž Mellis ro sar â„¥ j Syrupi rosar tereb Venet. an â„¥ jss far hordei â„¥ ij fiat medicamentum ad usum For this very purpose there is a singular Detersive made of Appium or Smallage of which this is the description â„ž Succi appij plantag beton an â„¥ j Mellis commun â„¥ v terebint Venet. â„¥ iiij farin Hordei Orobi an â„¥ ij anÊ’j coquatur mel cum succis quibus consumptis addantur sarinae pulveres misceantur omnia ad formam unguenti But if you would clense it more powerfully you may use Vnguentum Apostolorum or Vnguentum Aureum and Aeyptiacum mixed according to the scope you conceive in your minds when the ulcer shall seeme sufficiently clensed it shall be filled with flesh and cicatriâ—ed after the manner we shall declare in the proper treatise of the cure of Vlcers CHAP. XI Of seavers and the cures of these â—eavers which accompany Plegmons AMongst the Symptoms which most usually accompany Phlegmons afflict all the body of the patient Feavers are the cheife that is hot and dry distempers kindled in the heart and thence by the Artery is sent over all the body yet those which usually follow this kinde of Tumors are Ephemerae that is Diary unputrid Synochi or putrid Synochi Of whose nature and order of cure I will here briefly relate what I have learnt from my Masters that is Doctors of Physicke as I have beene conversant with them in the practise of my Arte. The Ephemera or Diary that is of one day is a hote and dry distemperature kindled in the vitall spirits It hath that name because by its owne nature it tarryes not above the space of one day or twenty foure houres by reason it is kindled in a subtie easily dissipable matter The efficient causes of this Feaver are wearinesse hunger drunkennesse anger fury sorrow watching great and peircing cold Adustion Bathes and manner of living inclining more to heat than ordinary applying using or drinking of acride medicines as Poysons or of hot meats and drinkes to conclude all the efficient causes common to all Feavers
Saffron In the yeare 1538. There was at Turin whilest I was Chirurgion there to the Marshall of Montjan the Kings Leifetenant Generall in Piemont a certaine Chirurgion wondrous famous for curing these wounds and yet hee used nothing else but the oyle of Whelpes the description whereof I at length obtained of him with much intreaty and expence and hee used it not scalding hot as some have imagined but powred it scarse warme into their wounds and so did mitigate their paine and happily bring them to suppuration Which afterwards almost all Chirurgions after they had got the description heereof when I first published this Worke have used and daily doe use with happy successe But in contemning and condemning Aegyptiacum I thinke hee hath no partaker seeing there as yet hath beene found no medicine more speedy and powerfull to hinder putrifaction if beginning or correct it if present Now these wounds often degenerate into virulent eating spreading and maligne ulcers which cast forth a stincking and carion-like filth whence the part Gangrenates unlesse you withstand them with Aegyptiacum and other acrid medicines being greatly approved by the formerly named Physitions and all Chirurgions But saith hee this unguent is poysonous and therefore hath beene the death of many who have beene wounded by Gunshot Verily if any diligently enquire into the composition of this oyntment and consider the nature of all and every the ingredients thereof hee shall understand that this kind of Vnguent is so farre from poyson that on the contrary it directly opposes and resists all poyson and putrifaction which may happen to a fleshy part through occasion of any wound It is most false and dissonant from the doctrine of Hippocrates to affirme that the seasons of the yeare swerving from the Law of nature and the aire not truly the simple and elementary but that which is defiled and polluted by the various mixture of putrid and pestilent vapours eyther raised from the earth or sent from above make not wounds more maligne and hard to cure at some times than they are at othersome For the ayre eyther very hot or cold drawne into the body by inspiration or transpiration generates a condition in us like its qualities Therefore why may it not when defiled with the putredinous vapours of bodies lying unburied after great battailes and shipwracks of great Armadoes infect with the like qualitie our bodies and wounds In the yeare 1562. when the civill warres concerning Religion first begun in France at Pene a Castle lying upon the River Lot many slaine bodies were cast into a Well some hundred Cubits deepe so stinking and pestilent a vapour arose from hence some two moneths after that many thousand of people dyed all over the Provence of Agenois as if the Plague had beene amongst them the pernitious contagion being spred twenty miles in compasse which none ought to thinke strange especially seeing the putride exhalations by the force of the windes may be driven and carried into divers and most remote regions dispersed like the seeds of the Pestilence whence proceeds a deadly corruption of the spirits humors and wounds not to be attributed to the proper malignitie or perverse cure of wounds but to be the fault of the aire Therefore Francis Daleschampe in his French Chirurgery in reckoning up these things which hinder the healing of Vlcers hath not omitted that common cause which proceeds from the ayre defiled or tainted with the seedes of the pestilence For he had learnt from his Master Hippocrates that the mutations of times chiefely bring diseases and he had read in Guide that this was the chiefe occasion that wounds of the head at Paris and of the legges at Avignion were more difficultly healed Lastly even Barbers and such as have least skill in Chirurgery know that wounds easily turne into a Gangreene in hot and moyst constitutions of the ayre Wherefore when the winde is southerly the Butchers will kill no more flesh than to serve them for one day I have formerly declared the malignity of the wounds occasioned by the ayre in the seige of Roüen which spared none no not the Princes of the blood who had all things which were requisite for their health Which caused me made at length more skilfull by experience to use Vnguentum Aegyptiacum and medicines of the like faculty in steed of suppuratives to wounds during all that season that so I might withstand the putrefaction and Gangreene which so commonly assayled them But if the various motion of the starres can by their influxe send a Plague into the aire why then may it not by depravation of their qualityes infect and as by poysoning corrupt both wounds and wounded bodies obnoxious to their changes and that of the ayre Wee learnt long since by experience that all paines but principally of wounds grow worse in a rainy and moist season specially because in that southerly constitution the aire replete with thicke and foggy vapours causes the humors to abound in the body which forthwith easily fall upon the affected parts and cause encrease of paine But saith our Adversary in the battell at Dreux and at S. Dennis which were fought in winter there dyed a great number of men who were wounded by Gunshot This I confesse is true but yet I deny that it was occasioned by applying suppuratives or corrosives but rather by the vehemencie and largenesse of their wounds and the spoile the Bullet made in their members but above all by reason of the cold For cold is most hurtfull to wounds and ulcers as Hippocrates testifies it hardens the skinne and causes a Gangreene If this my Gentleman had beene with mee in the seige of Metz he might have seene the Legges of many souldiers to have rotted and presently taken with a Gangreene to have fallne away by the onely extremitie of cold If he will not beleeve me let him make tryall himselfe and goe in winter to the Chappell at Mount Senis one of the Alpine hills where the bodies of such as were frozen to death in passing that way are buried and hee shall learne and feele how true I speake In the meane time I thinke it fit to confute the last point of his reprehension He cavills for that I compared Thunder and Lightning with the discharging peices of Ordinance Frst he cannot denie but that they are alike in effects For it is certaine that the flame arising from Gunpouder set on fire resembles Lightning in this also that you may see it before you heare the cracke or reporr I judge for that the eye almost in a moment perceives its object but the eare cannot but in some certaine space of time and by distinct gradations But the rumbling noise is like in both and certainly the report of great Ordinance may bee heard sometimes at forty miles distance whilst they make any great battry in the beseiging of Citties Besides also Iron Bullets cast forth with incredible celerity
a waxe candle or lead wiar so that it may not come off by handling with your hands The Surgeons of Mantpelier use this medicine This following is another â„ž tuthiae praepar Ê’ vi antimonii Ê’ iii. trochisc alborum Rhas camphorat Ê’ i. corticis granati aluminis usti an Ê’ i ss spongia ustae ℈ ii let them all be made into pouder then â„ž ung diapo â—pholigos alb Rhasis an â„¥ ii misceantur cum praedictis pulveribus in mortario plumbeo diu agitentur let a very fine ragge bee spread over with this ointment and wrapped about a waxe candle and so thrust into the Urethra and then draw forth the candle againe by twining it a contrary way so let the end of the ragge hang out of the yard so to plucke it forth againe when as you shall thinke it hath done what it can to the Caruncle which is when it hath covered it with the medicine with which it was spread Some also make waxe candles with a slender but stiffe weeke whose end which is to be put to weare and consume the Caruncle is composed of the following medicine â„ž emplastri nigri vel diachylonis ireati â„¥ ii pul sabinae ocrae vitriol Rom. calcin pul mer. an Ê’ ss omnia liquescant simul ad dictum usum Whilest the cure shall bee in hand by these following medicines let the patient bee carefull that he so shake his yard after making water that he may shake forth all the reliques of the urine which may chance to stoppe at the Caruncles for if but one droppe should stay there it would be sufficient to spoile the whole operation of the applyed medicines After that the Caruncle shall bee worne away and wholly consumed by the described medicines which you may know by the urine flowing forth freely and in a full streame and by thrusting up a Cathaeter into the bladder without any stoppage then it remaines that the ulcers be dryed cicatrized for which purpose the following injection is very powerfull and effectuall and without any acrimony â„ž aq fabrorum lb ss nuc cupress gallar cort granat an Ê’ i ss alum roch Ê’ ss bulliant omnia simul secund art so make a decoction for an injection which you shall use so long untill no excrementitious humidity distill out of the yard The following pouder dryes more powerfully and consequently hastens forwards cicatrization and it is also without acrimony â„ž lapidem calamin lotum test as over â—m ust as corallum rubrum corticom granat comminue omnia in pollinem let this pouder be used to the ulcers with a waxe candle joyned to some unguentum desiccativum rubrum or some such like thing Also strings or rods of lead thrust into the urethra as thicke as the passage will suffer even to the ulcers being first be smeared with quicksilver and kept in day and night as long as the patient can endure are good to be used For they dry by their touch and cicatrize they dilate the urenary passage without paine and lastly hinder the sides of the ulcer from corrupting one another CHAP. XXIIII Of venereall Buboes or swellings in the Groines THe virulency of the Lues venerea is sometimes communicated to the Liver which if it have a powerfull expulsive faculty it expells it into the groines as the proper emunctories thereof whence proceed venereall Bubo's The matter of these for the most part is abundance of cold tough and viscous humours as you may gather by the hardnesse and whitenesse of the tumour the pravity of the paine and contumacy of curing which also is another reason besides these that wee formerly mentioned why the virulency of this disease may bee thought commonly to fasten it selfe in a phlegmaticke humour Yet sometimes venereall Bubo's proceed from a hot acride and cholericke humour associated with great pain and heat and which therupon often degenerate into virulent corroding ulcers Some venereous Bubo's are such conjoyned accidents of the Lues venerea that they foretell it such are these which for a small while shew a manifest tumour and suddenly without any manifest occasion hide themselves againe and returne backe to the noble parts Others are distinct from the Lues venerea though they have a similitude of essence and matter therewith and which therefore may be healed the Lues venerea yet remaining uncured Such are these which are usually seen and which therefore compared with the former may be termed simple and not implicit For the cure you must not use discussing medicins lest resolving the more subtle part the grosser dregs become impact and concrete there but much lesse must we use repercussives for that the matter is virulent Wherefore onely attractive and suppurating medicines are here to bee used agreeable to the humour predominant and causing the tumour as more hot things in aedematous and scirrhous tumours than in those which resemble the nature of a phlegmon or erysipelas the indication taken from the rarity and density of bodies insinuates the same variety The applying of cupping glasses is very effectuall to draw it forth But when as it is drawne forth you shall forthwith apply an emplasticke medicine and then you shall come to suppuratives When the tumour is ripe it shall be opened with a potentiall cautery if it proceed from a cold cause for by the inducing of heat the residue of the crude matter is more easily concocted besides when as an ulcer of this kinde is opened the matter will bee more easily evacuated neither shall it bee fit to use any tent but onely to apply pledgets The residue of the cure shall bee performed by detergent medicines and then if need require the patient shall be let blood and the humours evacuated by a purging medicine but not before the perfect maturity thereof CHAP. XXV Of the Exostosis bunches or knots growing upon the bones by reason of the Lues Venerea HArd Tumours Exostoses and knots have their matter from thicke and tough phlegme which cannot be dissolved unlesse by hot medicines which have a mollifying dissolving faculty For which purpose besides those medicines which usually are applyed to seirrous tumours you must also make use of arg viv commonly after this manner empl filii Zach. Ceronei an â„¥ iii. euphorb â„¥ ss euplast de vigo â„¥ ii iter at aesyp descript Philagr â„¥ i. argent vivi extinct â„¥ vi fiat emplastrum Spread it upon leather for your use In the meane space let the patient observe a sparing dyet for thus hee shall bee helped if so be that the substance of the bones be yet unperished For if it be putrefyed rotten then the described medicines are of no use but you must of necessity lay bare the bone either by incision or else by an actuall or potentiall cautery but I had rather doe it with an actuall for that it extracts the virulency impact in the bones as
of an hand and he said he felt there a great paine and smarting and likewise in his reines inso much that hee could not take any rest night or day neither had hee any appetite to eate but to drinke enough it was told mee hee fell often into faintings and swoonings and sometimes as it were into an Epilepsie and had often-times desire to vomit with such a trembling that hee could not carry his hands to his mouth Seeing and considering all these great accidents and the forces much abated truly I was much grieved to have gone to him because me thought there was little appearance that he could escape Notwithstanding to give him courage and good hope I told him that I would quickly set him on foote by the grace of God and the Physitions and Chirurgions helpe Having seene him I went a walking into a Garden where I prayed to God that hee would give me the grace to cure him and that hee would give a blessing to our hands and medicaments to combate against so many complicated maladies I bethought in my minde the wayes I must keepe to doe it They called mee to dinner I entred into the kitehin where I saw taken out of a great pot halfe a Mutton a quarter of Veale three great peeces of Beefe and two Pullets and a great peece of Bacon with great store of good Hearbes Then I said to my selfe this broth was full of juice and of good nourishment After dinner all the Physitions and Chirurgions assembled we entred into conference in the presence of Monsieur the Duke of Ascot and some Gentlemen that did accompany him I began to tell the Chirurgions that I mervailed much they had made no apertions in the Marquesses thigh which was all apostemated and the matter which issued out was very foule and stinking which shewed it had a long time lurked there and that I had found with my probe a Caries in the bone and small scales which were already separated they made mee answer hee would never give consent and likewise it was almost two monthes since they could winne him to put on cleane sheets on his bed neither dust one scarce touch the coverlet he fee lt so great paine Then said I for to cure him we must touch other things than the coverlet of the bed Each one said what hee thought best of the Lords greefe and for conclusion held it altogether deplorable I told them there was yet some hope because of his youth and that God and nature doe sometime such things which seeme to Physitions and Chirurgions to bee impossible My consultation was that all these accidents were come by reason of the bullet hitting neare the joynt of the knee which had broken the Ligaments tendons and aponeureses of the muscles which tye the sayd joynt together with the Os femoris also nerves veines and arteries from whence had followed paine inflammation aposteme and ulcer and that wee must begin the cure by the disease which was the cause of all the sayd accidents that is to say to make apertions to give issue to the matter reteined in the interspaces of the muscles and in the substance of them Likewise to the bones which caused a great corruption in the whole thigh from whence the vapors did arise and were carryed to the heart which caused the sincope and the feaver and the feaver an universall heate through the whole body and by consequent depravation of the whole Occonomie Like-wise that the said vapours were communicated to the braine which caused the Epilipsie and trembling and to the stomacke disdaine and loathing and hindred it from doing his functions which are cheefely to concoct and disgest the meate and to convert it into Chyluâ— which not being well concocted they ingender crudities and obstructions which makes that the parts are not nourished and by consequent the body dryes and growes leane and because also it did not doe any exercise for every part which hath not his motion remaineth languid and atrophiated because the heate spirits are not sent or drawne thither from whence followes mortification And to nourish and fatten the body frictions must be made universally through the whole body with warme linnen cloathes above below on the right side and left and round about to the end to draw the blood and spirits from within outward and to resolve any fuliginous vapours retained betweene the skinne and the flesh thereby the parts shall be nourished and restored as I have heretofore sayd in the tenth booke treating of wounds of Gunshot and wee must then cease when we see heate and rednesse in the skinne for feare of resolving that wee have already drawne and by consequent make it become more leane As for the Vlcer which he had upon his rumpe which came through too long lying upon it without being remooved which was the cause that the spirits could not florish or shine in it by the meanes of which there should bee inflammation aposteme and then ulcer yea with losse of substance of the subject flesh with a very great paine because of the nerves which are disseminated in this part That wee must likewise put him into another soft bed and give him a cleane shirt and sheets otherwise all that wee could doe would serve for nothing because that those excrements and vapors of the matter retained so long in his bed are drawne in by the Systole and Diastole of the Arteries which are disseminated through the skin and cause the spirits to change and acquire an ill quality and corruption which is seene in some that shall lye in a bed where one hath sweate for the Pox who will get the Pox by the putrid vapours which shall remaine soaked in the sheets and coverlets Now the cause why he could in no wise sleepe and was as it were in a consumption t' was because he eate little and did not doe any exercise and because hee was grieved with extreame paine For there is nothing that abateth so much the strength as paine The cause why his tongue was dry and fowle was through the vehemence of the heate of the feaver by the vapors which ascended through the whole body to the mouth For as we say in a common proverbe when an Oven is well heate the throate feeles it Having discoursed of the causes and accidents I sayd they must be cured by their contraries and first we must appease the paine making apertions in the thigh to evacuate the matter retained not evacuating all at a time for feare least by a sodaine great evacuation there might happen a great decay of spirits which might much weaken the patient and shorten his dayes Secondly to looke unto the great swelling and cold in his Legge fearing least it should fall into a Gangreene and that actuall heate must bee applyed unto him because the potentiall could not reduce the intemperature de potentiâ— ad actum for this cause hot brickes must bee applyed round about on which should bee cast
forme and use 1703. Suppression of urine see Urine Surgery what 3. the operations thereof 4. Surgeons what necessary for them 3. their office 4. the choice of such as shall have care of those sick of the plague 830. they must be carefull in making reports 1121 how long in some cases they must suspend their judgements I. 122. they must have a care lest they bring Magistrates into an error 1128. how to report or make certificates in divers cases 1129 Sutures of the skull their number c. 161 wanting in some ib. why not to be trepaned 162. 167. Sutures in wounds their sorts and maner how to be performed 326. 327. Sweating sicknesse 821 Sweet bread 108. Sweet waters 1083 Swine assist their fellowes 67 Symptomes their denfition and division 42 Sympathy and Antipathy of living creatures 73 Symphysis a kinde of articulation 243 Synarcosis Synarthrosis Synchondrosis Syneurosis 243 Synochus putrida its cause and cure 261 T. TAlparia what 272 Tarentula's poysonous bite cure 49 Tarsus what 181 Tastes what their differences 1034. their several denominations natures 1035. Tasting what 22. Teeth their number division use 179 wherein they differ from other bones ib. pain of them how helped 401. their affects 657. how to draw them 659. to cleanse theÌ„ 660. how to supply their defect 872. to help the pain in breeding them 959 Temporall muscle 188. what ensues the cutting thereof 369 Temperament what the division therof 7 ad pondus ib. ad justitiam 8. of a bone ligament gristle tendon veine artery 9. of ages ib. of humours 11. Temper of the foure seasons of the yeare 10 native temper how changed 18 Temperatures in particular as of the southerne northern c. people 19. 20 Tensores musculi 230. Tentigo 130 Tertian agues or feavers their causes c. 265. their cure 266 Testicles their substance 119. in women 126. their wounds 399 Testudo what 272 Tettars their kinds and causes 264. their cure 265. 1081. occasioned by the Lues venerea 754. their cure ib. Thanacth a strange beast 1021 Thenar musculus 222. 238. Thigh the nerves thereof 226. its proper parts 227. and wounds thereof 399. Thigh-bone the appendices and processes thereof 228. 229. the fracture and cure 577. nigh to the joint 580. its dislocation 623. 720. see Hip. Things naturall 5. not naturall 29. why so called ib. against nature 41 Thorax the chest and parts thereof 135 Thoracica arteria 153 Throat how to get out bones and such like things that sticke therein 655 Throttle and the parts thereof 194 Throwes and their cause 903 Thymus what 156. Tibia 231 Tibiaeus anticus musculus 237. posticus 238. Tinea what 638 Toad his bite and cure 796 Tongue its quantity c. 192. its wounds its cure 385. its impediment contraction and the cure 661. to supply its defects 873. Tonsillae 293. their inflammations and their cure 293. 294 Tooth-ache the causes signes c. 656. Tophi or knots at the joints in some that have the gout how caused 717. in the Lues venerea how helped 746 Torpedo his craft stupefying force 794 Touching how performed 22 Toucha a strange bird 1016 Trapezius musculus 208 Transverfarius musculus 205 Transverse muscles of the Epigastrium 99 Treacle how usefull in the gout 706. how it dulls the force of simple poysons 783 Trepan when to be applied 342. their description 365. where to be applyed 369 Trepaning why used 364. how performed ib. a caution in performance thereof 366 Triangulus musculus 207 Triton 1001. Trochanter 229 Trusses their forme and use 306. 307. Tumors their differences 249. their generall causes signes 250. generall cure 252. which hardest to be cured ib. the four principall 253. flatulent watrish their signs and cure 269. 270. of the gums 292. of the almonds of the throat 293. of the navell 303. of the groine and cods 304. of the knees 314 Turtles 62 Tympanites sâ—â— Dropsie V. VAlves of the heart their action site c. 146. Varicous bodies 120 Varices what their causes signes and cure 483. Vâ—… breve seu venosum 113 Vsa ejaculatoria 121. Vasti musculi 232 Veine what 97. Gate veine its distribution 112. descendent hollow veine its distribution ascendent hollow veine its distribution 116 they are more than arteries 155. those of the eies 184. which to bee opened in the inflammation of the eies 186. the cephalick 210. median ib. distribution of the subclavian vein ib. of the axilary 211. of the crurall 224 Venae porta 112. cava 216. arteriosa 147. phreâ—icae coronales azygos intercostalis mammariae cervicalis musculosa 148. axillaris humeralis jugularis interna externa 149. recta pupis 152. cephalica humeraria mediana 210. salvatella plenica 211. sapheia vel saphena ischiadica 224. muscula poplitea suralis ischiadica major 225 Venery its discommodities in wounds of the head 359 Venemous bites and stings how to be cured 783 Venome of a mad dog outwardly applied causeth madnesse 787 Ventoses their form and use 694. 695 Ventricle see stomacke Ventricles of the brain 166 Verdegreace its poysonous quality and cure 810 Vertebrae their processes 196. of the neck ib. of the holy-hone 198. how different from those of the loins 205. Tenth of the back how the middle of the spine 206 their dislocation See Spine Vertigo its causes signes 639. the cure 640 Vessels for distillation 1094. 1096. 1097 c. Vesicatories why better than cauteries in cure of a pestilent bubo 854. whereof made 1046. their description and use 1067. Viper see Adder Virginity the signes thereof 1128 Vitall parts which 84. their division ibid. Vitreus humor 184 Viver or as some terme it the Weaver a fish his poysonous pricke the cure 801 â—cers conjoined with tumors how cured 265. inâ—… at bodies not easily cured 417. their nature â—…uses c. 466. 467. signes prognosticks 468 their generall cure 470. signes of a distempered one the cure 471. a painefull one the cure 472. with proud flesh in them ib. putrid and breeding wormes 473. a sordid one ibib a maligne virulent and eating one 474. advertisements concerning the time of dressing ulcers 475. how to bind them up 476. such as run are good in time of the plague 828. Ulcers in particular first of the eyes 476. of the nose 477. of the mouth 478. of the eares 479. of the winde-pipe weazon stomack guts 480. of the kidneis bladder 481. of the wombe 482. that happen upon the fracture of the leg rump and heele 586 how to prevent them 587. they must be seldome drest when the callus is breeding 589 Umbilicall vessels how many what 892 Unction to bee used in the Lues venerea 731. their use 732. cautions in their use ib. and the inconveniences following the immoderat use 734 Ungula or the web on the eye the causes prognostickes and cure 647 Unguentum adstringens 1056 nutritum ib. aureum ib.
putrifaction onely excepted which properly appertaines to putride feavers For a Bubo also which is a Phlegmon of the Glandules causes a Diary as Hippocrates shewes All feavers proceeding from the Tumors of the Glandules are evill the Diary excepted Which Aphorisme must be understood warily and with that distinction which Galen gives in his commentary where he saith It is only to be understood of Tumors risen in the Glandules without occasion that is without any evident and manifest cause for otherwise Feavers that thence take their originall though not Diary yet are not all evill as we learne by Buboes in Children and the venereous Buboes which happen without inflammation or corruption of the liver for such commonly have no maligne Feaver accompanying them which thing is worthy a Chirurgions observation The common signes of a Diary are a moderate and vaporous heate feeling gentle to the hand a pulse swift and frequent sometimes great and strong as when the Diary is caused by anger sometimes litle if the Feaver proceede from sorrow hunger cold crudity for other respects equall and ordinary The most certaine signes are if the Feaver come upon one not by litle and litle but sodainly and that from some externall and evident cause no loathing of meat no causelesse wearinesse no deepe sleepe yawning great paine restlesnesse shaking nor cold going before and lastly no other troublesome symptome preceeding Wee here make no mention of the urine because most frequently they resemble the vrines of sound bodyes for in so short a time as Diaryes endure there cannot so great a perturbation be raised in the blood that there may be signes thereof found in the vrine A Diary is ended in one fit which by the proper nature of this Feaver lasts but one day although sometimes otherwise it is extended to three or foure dayes space and then it easily degenerates into a Putride especially any error of the Patient Phiâ—ition or those which attend him concurring therewith or if the externall things bee not rightly fitted This Feaver is terminated either by insensible transpiration or by the moisture of the skin or by a sweate naturall gentle and not ill smelling to this Diary wee may referre the unputride Synochus generated of blood not putrid but onely heated beyond measure For usually there arises a great heate over all the body by meanes of the blood immoderatly heated whence the veines become more tumide the face appeares fiery the Eyes red and burning the breath hot and to conclude the whole habite of the body more full by reason of that Ebullition of the blood and the diffusion of the vapours thence arising over all the body Whence it is that this kinde of Synochus may be called a vapourous Feaver To this Children are incident as also all sanguine bodyes which have no ill humors The cure of this and the Ephemera or Diary is the same because it may scarse seeme different from the Ephemera in any other thing than that it may be prolonged for three or foure dayes Wherefore whatsoever we shall say for the cure of the Ephemera may be all applyed to the Synochus bloodletting excepted which in an unputrid Synochus is very necessary Now the Cure of a Diary Feaver consists in the decent use of things not naturall contrary to the cause of the disease wherefore bathes of warme and naturall water are very profitable so that the Patient be not Plethoricke nor stufft with excrements nor obnoxious to catarrhes and defluxions because a catarrhe is easily caused and augmented by the humors diffused and dissolved by the heate of a bath therefore in this case we must eschew frictions and annointing with warme oile which things notwithstanding are thought very usefull in these kind of Feavers especially when they have their originall from extreme labour by astriction of the skin or a Bubo Let this be a generall rule that to every cause whence this Feaver proceeded you oppose the contrary for a remedy as to labour rest to watching sleep to anger and sorrow the gratefull society of friends and all things replenished with pleasant good will and to a Bubo the proper cure thereof Wine moderately tempered with water according to the custome of the sicke patient is good and profitable in all causes of this Feaver except he be pained in his head or that the Feaver drew its originall from anger or a Bubo for in this last case especially the patient must abstaine wholy from wine untill the inflammation come to the state and begins to decline This kinde of Feaver often troubles infants and then you must prescribe such medicines to their Nurses as if they were sicke that so by this meanes their milke may become medicinable Also it will be good to put the Infant himselfe into a bath of naturall and warme water and presently after the bath to anoint the ridge of the backe and brest with oile of Violets But if a Phlegmon possesse any inward part or otherwise by its nature be great or seated neare any principall Bowell so that it may continually send from it either a putrid matter or exhalation to the heart and not onely affect it by a quality or preternaturall heate by the continuity of the parts thence will arise the Putride Synochus if the blood by contagion putrifying in the greater vessells consists of on equall mixture of the foure humors This Feaver is cheifly thus knowne it hath no exacerbations or remissions but much lesse intermissions it is extended beyond the space of twenty foure houres neither doth it then end in vomite sweat moisture or by litle and litle by insensible transpiration after the manner of intermitting Feavers or Agues but remaines constant untill it leaves the Patient for altogether it commonly happens not unlesse to these of a good temper and complexion which abound with much blood and that tempered by an equall mixture of the foure humors It commonly endures not long because the blood by power of some peculiar putrifaction degenerating into choler or Melancholy will presently bring forth another kinde of feaver to wit a Tertian or continued Quartaine The cure of this Feaver as I have heard of most learned Physitions cheifly consists in Bloodletting For by letting of blood the fullnesse is diminished therfore the obstruction is taken away and lastly the putrefaction And seeing that in this kinde of Feaver there is not onely a fault of the matter by the putrefaction of the blood but also of the Temper by excesse of heat certainely Phlebotomy helps not only as we said the putrefaction but also the hote distemper For the blood in which all the heate of the creature is conteined whilest it is taken way the acrid and fuliginous excrements exhale and vanish away with it which kept in encreased the Feverish heate Moreover the veines to shun emptinesse which nature abhors are filled with much cold aire instead of the hot blood which was drawne away
and dryed in the guts it will be convenient all the time of the discase to use frequently glisters made of the decoction of cooling and humecting hearbes flowres and seedes wherein you shall dissolve Cassia with sugar and oyle of Violets or water-lillies But because there often happen very dangerous fluxes in a confirmed hecticke feaver which shew the decay of all the faculties of the body and wasting of the corporaell substance you shall resist them with refrigerating and asisting medicines and meates of grosser nourishment as Rice and Cicers and application of astringent and strengthening remedies and using the decoction of Oates or parched barly for drinke Let the patient be kept quiet and sleeping as much as may be especially if he be a child For this feaver frequently invades children by anger great and long feare or the too hot milke of the nurse overheating in the Sunne the use of wine and other such like causes they shall be kept in a hoâ— and moystayre have another Nurse and bee anoynted with oyle of violets to conclude you shall apply medicines which are contrary to the morbificke cause CHAP. XXXIII Of the Wounds of the Epigastrium and of the whole lower belly THe wounds of the lowerbelly are sometimes before sometimes behind some onely touch the surface thereof others enter in some passe quite through the body so that they often leave the weapon therein some happen without hurting the conteined parts others grievously offend these parts the liver spleene stomacke guts kidneyes wombe bladder ureters and great vessells so that oft times a great portion of the Kall falls forth We know the Liver is wounded when a great quantity of blood comes forth of the wound when a pricking paine reaches even to the swordlike gristle to which the Liver adheares Oft times morecholer is cast up by vomit and the patient lyes on his belly with more case and content When the stomacke or any of the small guts are wounded the meate and drinke break out at the wound the Ilia or flankes swell and become hard the hicker troubles the patient and oft times he casts up more choler and greevous paine wrings his belly and hee is taken with cold sweates and his extreme parts waxe cold If any of the greater gutts shall bee hurt the excrements come forth at the wound When the Spleene is wounded there flowes out thicke and blacke blood the patient is oppressed with thirst and there are also the other signes which wee sayd use to accompany the wounded Liver A difficulty of making water troubles the patient whose reines are wounded blood is pissed forth with the Vrine and he hath a paine stretched to his groines and the regions of the Bladder and Testicles The Bladder or Vreters being wounded the flankes are pained and there is a Tension of the Pecten or share blood is made in stead of vrine or else the vrine is very bloody which also divers times comes forth at the wound When the wombe is wounded the blood breakes forth by the privities and the Symptomes are like those of the Bladder The wounds of the liver are deadly for this part is the worke house of the blood wherefore necessarie for life besides by wounds of the liver the branches of the Gateor Hollow veines are cut whence ensues a great flux of blood not onely inwardly but also outwardly and consequently a dissipation of the spirits and strength But the blood which is shed inwardly amongst the bowels putrefies and corrupts whence followes paine a feaver inflammation and lastly death Yet Paulus Aegineta writes that the lobe of the Liver may be cut away without necessary consequence of death Also the wounds of the Ventricle and of the small Guts but chiefely of the Iejunum are deadly for many vessells runne to the Iejunum or empty Gut and it is of a very nervous and slender substance and besides it receives the cholericke humour from the bladder of the Gall. So also the wounds of the Spleene Kidneyes Vreters Bladder Womb and Gall are commonly deadly but alwayes ill for that the actions of such parts are necessary for life besides divers of these are without blood and nervous others of them receive the moist excrements of the whole body and lie in the innermost part of the body so that they doe not easily admit of medicines Furthermore all wounds which penetrate into the capacitie of the belly are judged very dangerous though they doe not touch the conteined bowells for the encompassing and new ayre entring in amongst the bowells greatly hurts them as never used to the feeling thereof adde hereto the dissipation of the spirits which much weakens the strength Neither can the filth of such wounds be wasted away according to the minde of the Chirurgion whereby it happens they divers times turne into Fistula's as we saide of wounds of the Chest and so at length by collection of matter cause death Yet I have dressed many who by Gods assistance and favour have recovered of wounds passing quite through their bodies I can bring as a witnesse the steward of the Portingall Embassadour whom I cured at Melun of a wound made with a sword so running through his body that a great quantity of excrements came forth of the wounded Guts as he was a dressing yet he recovered Not long agone Giles le Maistre a Gentleman of Paris was runne quite through the body with a Rapier so that he voyded much blood at his mouth and fundament divers dayes together whereby you know the Guts were wounded and yet he was healed in twenty dayes In like sort the wounds of the greater vessells are mortall by reason of the great effusion of blood and spirits which ensues thereupon CHAP. XXXIIII The cure of wounds of the lower belly THe first cogitation in curing of these wounds ought to be whether they pierce into the capacitie of the Belly for those which passe no further than to the Peritonaeum shall be cured like simple wounds which onely requre union But those which enter into the capacity must be cured after another manner For oft times the Kall or Guts or both fall forth at them A gut which is wounded must be sowed up with such a seame as Furriers or Glovers use as we formerly told you and then you must put upon it a pouder made of Mastich Myrrhe Aloes and Bole. Being sowed up it must not bee put up boysterously together and at once into its place but by little and little the Patient lying on the side opposite to the wound As for example the right side of the Guts being wounded and falling out by the wound the Patient shall lye on his left side for the more easy restoring of the fallne downe Gut and so on the contrary If the lower part of the Guts being wounded slide through the wound then the Patient shall lye with his head low downe and his buttocks
times you shall scarce by this meanes finde the Bullet As it happened to the Marshall of Brissac in the seige of Parpignan who was wounded in his right shoulder with a Bullet which the Chirurgions thought to have entred into the capacitie of his body But I wishing the patient to stand just in the same manner as hee did when hee received the wound found at length the place where the Bullet lay by gently pressing with my fingers the parts neare the wound and the rest which I suspected as also by the swelling hardnesse paine and blacknesse of the part which was in the lower part of the shoulder neare unto the eight or ninth spondill of the backe Wherefore the bullet being taken forth by making incision in the place the wound was quickly healed and the Gentleman recovered You shall well observe this and rather beleeve the judgement of your fingers than of your probe CHAP. IIII. A description of fit Instruments to draw forth Bullets and other strange bodies BOth the magnitude and figure of Instruments fit for drawing forth of Bullets and other strange bodies are various according to the diversity of the incident occasions For some are toothed others smooth others of another figure and bignes of all which sorts the Chirurgion must have divers in a readinesse that he may fit them to the bodies and wound and not the wounds and bodies to his Instruments The Deliniation of such like Instruments A toothed Crowes-Bill The crooked Cranes-bill with teeth like a Saw The straight Cranes-bill being also toothed fit for drawing forth haile-shot pieces of armour splinters of bones and such things as lye deepe within The Ducks-bill This Ducks bill hath a large round and toothed cavitie in the end for so it more easily taketh hold of the Bullet when it lies amongst much Flesh Another Instrument fit for drawing forth of Bullets which may be termed a Catch-bullet A. Shewes the Trunke B. Shewes the rod or string which opens shuts the joynt C. The joynt Another Catch-bullet called a Lizards-nose made for drawing out of bullets which are somewhat flatted by striking upon a bone The Parrots-beake is made for drawing forth peices of maile thrust into the flesh flesh or bones and this is the figure thereof A. Shewes the screw-pin B. The hollowed part which receives the round part noted with C. Which is opened and shut by the screw D. D. falls or stayes which governe the running branch The Swannes bill opens with a screw you may with this dilate the wounds and so put in a streight Cranes-bill as pincers to plucke forth strange bodyes The figure of both are heere exprest But if these strange bodyes especially bullets and haile shot be not too deepe in the wound they may be taken forth with your Levatorie or else by the helpe of these Gimblets These Gimblets are screwed into their pipes or canes and enter with their screwed points into the Bullets if that they be of Lead or Tin and of no harder mettall and so being fastened in them bring them out with them The figure of the Gimblet with his pipe or cane Besides the Swans-bill which wee lately mentioned there are also other Instruments fit to dilate and open the wounds therefore called Dilaters by whose helpe the wound may be held open that so the hidden bodyes may be seene for when you presse together the two ends of this Instrument the other two open and dilate themselves You may also use them in dilating divers other parts of the body as the Nose-thrils fundament and such like Dilaters The Instruments which follow are called Seton needles or Probes whose use is to draw through a flamula so to keepe the wound open that you may the better take forth any strange body Besides also we use the same needles to search or as it were to sound the deepenesse of wounds and to finde out the Bullets For they cannot put one to much paine because they have smooth and round ends So also all Probes wherewith we search for Bullets must have somewhat large smooth and round ends For seeing that the verges of the wound meete together presently after the hurt if the Probes be too small or slender they will sticke in the inequality of the flesh neither will they be able to come to the Bullet But if they bee sharpe and pointed they will cause and renew the paine by pricking the flesh they melt withall and so hinder your intention of finding the Bullet Now you must bee furnished with these Instruments of a different length according to the various thicknesse of the parts for you cannot put any through the thigh but such as are of good length Probes for to put slamulaes through a wound withall CHAP. IX What dressing must first be used after the strange bodies are pluckt or drawn out of the wound WHen the strange bodyes are drawne or pluckt out of the wound by these meanes we have formerly recited the chiefe of the cure must be to heale the contusion and amend the distemper of the aire if it bee hot and moyst that is subject to putrefaction This shal be don by medicins taken inwardly applied outwardly and put into the wound Things to be inwardly used in dyet and Pharmacie I leave to the judgement of learned Physitions for the particular and topicke medicines unlesse from the present constitution of the ayre the condition of the wounded part or from some other cause there be danger of a Gangreene you must use suppuratives as you usually doe in contusions such as are oyle of Whelpes and that which we call a digestive you must chiefely forbeare suppuratives when as the wounded part is of a nervous nature For al nervous parts requre dryer medicines than fleshy as we have formerly delivered speaking of wounds of the joynts wherefore in wounds of the joynts and nervous parts you shall use more venice Turpentine than oyle Laurentius Iobertus the Kings Physition and Chancellour of the Vniversity of Mompelier in a treatise which hee writ of wounds made with Gunshot forbids the use of Escharotickes both actuall and potentiall in these wounds if simple for that they induce paine inflammation a feaver Gangraene and other deadly symptomes Besides also an eschar will hinder suppuration which is to bee desired in this kinde of woundes that so the contused flesh may be severed from the sound least it be drawne to putrefaction by contagion Which easily happens when an Eschar is drawne as a barre over it for then the excrementitious humor remaines longer in the part and the putridinous vapours hindred from passing forth are encreased and carryed from the lesser vessells to the bigger and so over all the body Wherefore when you suspect putrefaction letting alone suppuratives use in the first place such things as resist putrefaction as this following oyntment â„ž pulver alumin rochae viridisaeris Vitrioli romani mellis rosat an â„¥ ij aceti boni
quantum sufficit bulliant omnia simul secundum artem fiat medicamentum ad formam meliis This by reason of the heate and subtlety of the substance hath a faculty to induce and attenuate the humors as also to call forth the native heate drawne in and dissipated by the violent and forcible entrance of the Bullet into the body furthermore also it corrects the venemous contagion of the virulent humor Now this medicine shall be used dissolved in Venegar or aqua vitae and be put into the wound with tents or pledgets The tents which shall bee used at the first dressing must be somewhat long and thicke that by dilating the wound they may make way for applycation of other remedies otherwise you may make injection with a syring that so it may penetrate the more powerfully But this described Egyptiacum shall be tempered according to the condition of the affected parts for the nervous parts will bee offended with it as being too acride but it may be qualified by admixture of oyle of Turpentine and Saint Iohn-wort Also we may well be without this Egyptiacum when there is no such pestilent constitution of the ayre as was seene in the late Civill warres After the use of Egyptiacum you shall with emollient and lenitive medicines procure the falling away of the Eschar and such a medicine is this following oyle being somewhat more than warme â„ž Olei violati lib. iiij in quibus coquantur catelli duo nuper nati usque ad dissolutionem ossium addendo vermium terrestrium ut decet praeparatoâ—um lb. j. coquantur simul lente igne deinde fiat expressio ad usum addendo terebinth venet â„¥ iij. aquae vitae â„¥ j. This oyle hath a wonderful force to asswage paine to bring the wound to suppuration cause the falling away of the Eschar This ensuing oyle is made more easily â„ž olei seminis lini lilior an â„¥ iij. unguent basilic â„¥ j. lique fiant simul fiat medicamentum put of this a sufficent quality into the wound for this being applyed indifferent hot hath power to asswage pain to foften and humect the orifice of the wound and help forwards suppuration which is the true manner of curing these kinde of wounds according to the rule of Hippocrates which wishes every contused wound to bee presently brought to suppuration for so it will be lesse subject to a Phlegmon and besides all the rent and bruised flesh must putrifie dissolve and turne to quitture that new and good flesh may be generated in steed thereof Laâ—rentius Ioubertus much commends this following medicine of whose efficacie as yet I have made no triall â„ž pulver mercur bis calcinati â„¥ j adipis porcirecentis vel butyrs recentis â„¥ viij Camphorae in aqua vitae dissolutae Ê’ij misce omnia simul addende tantillum olei liliorum aut lini Experience taught him and reason also shewes that this kinde of remedy is very commendable for the powder of Mercury if mixed with a grosse and humecting matter doth in a short space turne the bruised flesh into pus without causing any great paine For the Camphire whether it be hot or cold in temper it much conduces to that purpose by reason of the subtlety of the parts wherof it consists For by meanes of this quality the medicines enter with more facility into the affected bodyes and performe their parts besides also Camphire refists putrifaction Some droppe into the wound aqua vitae wherein they have dissolved some calcined vitrioll Which kind of remedy is not suppurative but yet much resists putrefaction so that we may use it with good successe when the weather is hot moyst and foggie But when the wound is made very neere at hand it cannot but be burnt by the flame of the powder in which remedies used for burnes will be usefull not omitting such as are fit for contusions But for these parts which lye next the wound you shall not unlesse at the first dressing apply refrigerating and astringent things but rather emollient and suppurative For those things which have a refrigerating faculty weaken the part and hinder suppuration For astringents constipate the skin which is the cause that the putride vapours shut up and hindred from transpiration and passage forth a gangrene and mortification easily seaze upon the part But if the contusion be great and diffuse it selfe more largely over the flesh the part must be much scarified that so the contused and concreat blood and therefore subject to putrefaction may be evacuated But for these parts which somewhat further distant from the wound encompasse the contused flesh they require refrigerating and strengthening medicines so to hinder the falling downe and setling of the humor in that part such is this ensuing medicine â„ž Pul. boli armen sauguin Dracon Myrrhae an â„¥ j succi solan sempervivi portulac an â„¥ iss album iiij ovorum oxyrhodin quantum sufficit fiat linimentum ut decet You may use this and the like untill the suspected symptome be past feare Neither must you have lesse care of binding up and rolling the part than of your medicines for it doth not a little conduce to the cure to binde it so fitly up as it may be without paine The wound at the beginning of the cure must be dressed but once in 24. houres that is untill the wound come to suppuration but when the quitture begins to flow from it and consequently the paine and feaver are encreased it shall be drest twise a day that is every twelve houres And when the quitture flowes more abundantly than usuall so that the collection thereof is very troublesome to the Patient it will be requisite to dresse it every 8 houres that is thrise a day Now when as this aboundant effluxe is somewhat slaked and begins to decrease it will suffice to dresse it twise a day But when the ulcer is filled with flesh and consequently casts forth but little matter it will serve to dresse it once a day as you did at the first CHAP. VI. How you shall order it at the second dressing AT the second and following dressings unlesse you suspect putrifaction and a Gangrene you shall onely put into the wound some of the oyles formerly described adding to them the yolkes of some egges and a little saffron and use this medicine untill the wound come to perfect suppuration Here you must note this that these kindes of wounds are longer before they come to suppuration than other wounds made by any other sort of weapon both for that the bullet as also the ayre which it violently carries before it by much bruising the flesh on every side dissipates the native heate and exhausts the spirits of the part Which things hinder digestion and often cause the matter to stinke as also many other pernitious symptomes Yet most usually pus or quitture appeares within three or foure dayes sooner
and later according to the various complexion and temperament of the patients bodyes and the condition of the ambient ayre in heate and cold Then by little and little you must come to detersives adding to the former medicine some Turpentine washed in Rose Barly or some other such like water which may wash away the biting thereof If the encompassing ayre be very cold you may to good purpose adde some aqua vitae for by Galens prescript we must use hot medicines in winter and lesse hot in summer Then in the next place use detersives as ℞ aquae decoctionis hordei quantum sufficit succi plantaginis appij agrimon centaurei minoris an ℥ j bulliant omnia simul in fine decoctionis adde terebinthinae venetae ℥ iij. mellis rosat ℥ ij farin hordei ℥ iij. croci ℈ j. Let them be all well mixed together and make a Mundificative of an indifferent confistence Or ℞ succi clymeni plantag absinth appij an ℥ ij tereb venet ℥ 4. syrup absinth mellis ros an ℥ ij bulliant omnia secundum artem postea colentur in colatura adde pulver aloes mastiches Ireos Florent far hord an ℥ j. fiat Mundificatiuum ad usum dictum Or else ℞ terebinth venet lotae in aq ros ℥ v. olei ros ℥ j. mellis ros ℥ iij. myrrhae aloes mastich aristoloch rotundae an ʒiss far hord ʒiij misce Make a Mundificative which you may put into the wound with tents but such as are neither too long nor thicke lest they hinder the evacuation of the quitture and vapours whence the wounded part will bee troubled with erosion paine defluxion inflammation abscesse putrefaction all which severally of themselves as also by infecting the noble parts are troublesome both to the part affected as also to the whole body besides Wherefore you shall put into the wound no tents unlesse small ones and of an indifferent consistence lest as I sayd you hinder the passing forth of the matter or by their hard pressing of the part cause paine and so draw on maligne symptomes But seeing tents are used both to keepe open a wound so long untill all the strange bodyes be taken forth as also to carry the medicines wherewithall they are annointed even to the bottome of the wound Now if the wound be sinuous and deepe that so the medicine cannot by that meanes arrive at the bottome and all the parts thereof you must doe you businesse by injections made of the following decoction ℞ aq hord lib. 4. agrimon centaur minor pimpinellae absinth plantag an M. ss rad aristoloch rotund ʒss fiat decoctio hepaticaeʒiij mellis ros ℥ ij bulliant modicum Inject some of this decoction three or foure times into the wound as often as you dresse the patient and if this shall not be sufficient to clense the filth and waste the spongious putride and dead flesh you shall dissolve therein as much Aegyptiacum as you shall thinke fit for the present necessity but commonly you shall dissolve an ounce of Aegyptiacum in a pint of the decoction Verily Aegyptiacum doth powerfully consume the proud flesh which lyes in the capacity of the wound besides also it only workes upon such kind of flesh For this purpose I have also made triall of the powder of Mercury and burnt Alome equally mixed together and found them very powerfull even almost as sublimate or Arsenicke but that these cause not such paine in their operation I certainely much wonder at the largenesse of the Eschar which arises by the aspersiō of these powders Many Practitioners would have a great quantity of the injection to be left in the cavityes of sinuous ulcers or wounds which thing I could never allow of For this contained humor causeth an unnaturall tension in these parts and taints them with superfluous moysture whereby the regeneration of flesh is hindered for that every ulcer as it is an ulcer requires to be dryed in Hippocrates opinion Many also offend in the too frequent use of Tents for as they change thē every houre they touch the sides of the wound cause pain renew other maligne symptomes wherefore such ulcers as cast forth more abundance of matter I could wish rather to be dressed with hollow tents like those I formerly described to be put into wounds of the Chest You shall also presse a linnen boulster to the bottome of the wound that so the parts themselves may be mutually condensed by that pressure and the quitture thrust forth neither will it be amisse to let this boulster have a large hole fitted to the orifice of the wound end of the hollow tent and pipe that so you may apply a spunge for to receive the quitture for so the matter will be more speedily evacuated and spent especially if it be bound up with an expulsive ligature beginning at the bottome of the ulcer and so wrapping it up to the toppe All the boulsters and rowlers which shall be applyed to these kindes of wounds shall be dipped in Oxycrate or red wine so to strengthen the part and hinder defluxion But you must have a speciall care that you doe not binde the wound too hard for hence will arisē paine hindring the passage forth of the putredinous vapours and excrements which the contused flesh casts forth and also feare of an Atrophia or want of nonrishment the alimentary juyces being hindred from comming to the part CHAP. VII By what meanes strange bodyes left in at the first dressing may be drawne forth IT divers times happens that certaine splinters of bones broken and shattered asunder by the violence of the stroake cannot be pulled forth at the first dressing for that they either doe not yeeld or fall away or else cannot be found by the formerly described instruments For which purpose this is an approved medicine to draw forth that which is left behind ℞ radic Ireos Florent panac cappar an ʒiij an.ʒj. in pollinem redacta incorporentur cum melle rosar terebinth venet an ℥ ij or ℞ resin pini siccae ℥ iij. pumicis combusti extincti in vino albo radic Ireos aristolochiae an ʒss thurisʒj squamae aris ʒij in pollinem redigantur incorporentur cum melle rosato fiat medicamentum CHAP. VIII Of Indications to be observed in this kinde of wounds THe ulcer being clensed and purged and all strange bodyes taken forth natures endeavours to regenerate flesh and cicatrize it must be helped forwards with convenient remedies both taken inwardly and applyed out-wardly To which things we may be easily and safely carryed by indications drawne first from the essence of the disease then from the cause if as yet present it nourish the disease For that which Galen sayes Lib. 3. Meth. that no indication may bee taken from the primitive cause and time must bee understood of the time past and the cause which is absent And then from the principall
the preservers of its integrity yea also extinguisheth the native heate of the same part Now wee must not use these things but with great discretion least so we draw not onely that blood which is poured forth of the vessels but also the other which is contained in the vessels Moreover also we must not use them unlesse when the defluxion is stayed For small contusions which Galen judgeth by the softnesse of the contused part it will bee sufficient to apply to discusse them Virgins waxe dissolved and mixed with Cummim seedes Cloves the roote of blacke Briony which hath a wonderfull faculty to discusse all blackenesses and sugillations for the same purpose you may also apply wormewood brused and so warmed in a dish and sprinkled over with a little white wine Also fry wormewood with oyle of cammomill branne the powder of Cloves and Nutmegs adding thereto a little aqua vitae then put it all in a linnen cloth and apply it hot to the part The following emplaster doth powerfully discusse congealed blood ℞ Picis nigrae ℥ ij Gum. Elemi ℥ ij styracis liquidae terebinth com an ℥ ss pul sulphuris vivi ℥ j. Liquefiant simul fiat Emplastrum and let be spred upon leather and so applyed CHAP. VI. Of that strange kinde of symptome which happens upon contusions of the ribbes THe flesh contused sometimes by great violence becomes mucous and swolne or puffed up like Veale which the butchers blow up the skinne remaining whole This is seene and happens chiefely in that flesh which is about the ribs for this being bruised either by a blow or fall or resitencie or any other such like cause if you presse it with your hand a certaine windinesse goeth out thereof with a small whyzzing which may be heard and the print of your finges will remaine as in oedema's Vnlesse you quickely make fit provision against this symptome there is gathered in that space which the flesh departing from the bones leaves empty a certaine purulent sanies which divers times foules and corrupts the ribs It will be cured if the mucous tumor be presently pressed and straightly bound with ligatures yet so that you hinder not the breathing when as the affect happens upon the ribs and parts of the Chest Then apply to the part a plaister of Oxycroceum or diachylon Ireatum with the emplaister de meliloto also discussing fomentaions shall be used The cause of such a tumor is a certaine mucous flegme seeing that nature is so weake that it cannot well digest the nourishment and assimulate it to the part but leaves fomething as it were halfe concocted No otherwise than the conjunctive coate of the eye is sometime so lifted up and swolne by a stroake that it startes as it were out of the orbe of the eye leaving such filth or matter as wee see those which are bleard eye to be troubled withall because the force and naturall strength of the eyes is become more weake either by the fault of the proper distemperature or the aboundance of moysture which flowes thither as it happens in those tumors which are against nature For flatulencies are easily raysed from a watrish and flegmatique humors wrought upon by weake heate which mixed with the rest of the humor the tumor becomes higher CHAP. VII A discourse of Mumia or Mummie PEradventure it may seeme strange what may be the cause why in this Treatise of curing contusions or bruises I have made no mention of giving Mummie either in bole or potion to such as have falne from high places or have beene otherwise bruised especially seeing it is so common and usuall yea the very first and last medicine of almost all our practitioners at this day in such a case But seeing I understood and had learnt from learned Physitions that in using remedies the indication must alwaies be taken from that which is contrary to the disease how could I how can any other give Mummie in this kinde of disease seeing we cannot as yet know what Mummie is or what is the nature and essence thereof So that it cannot certainely be judged whether it have a certaine property contrary to the nature and effects of contusions This how it may have I have thought good to relate somewhat at large neither doe the Physitions who prescribe Mummie nor the Authours that have written of it nor the Apothecaries that fell it know any certainty thereof For if you reade the more ancient Serapio and Avicen to the moderne Matthiolus and Thevet you shall finde quite different opinions Aske the Merchants who bring it to us aske the Apothecaries who buy it of them to fell it to us and you shall heare them speake diversly heereof that in such variety of opinions there is nothing certaine and manifest Serapio and Avicen have judged Mummie to bee nothing else but Pissasphalthum now Pissasphaltum is a certaine forth or foame rising from the Sea or Sea waters this same foame as long as it swimmes upon the water is soft and in some sort liquid but being driven upon the shore by force of tempest and working of the sea and sticking in the cavityes of the rockes it concreates into somewhat a harder substance than dryed pitch as Dioscorides faith Belonius saith that Mummie is onely knowne to Aegypt and Greece Others write that it is mans flesh taken from the carcases of such as are dead and covered over in the sandes in the desartes of Arabia in which Countrey they say the sands are sometimes carried and raysed up with such force and violence of the windes that they overthrow and suffocate such passingers as they meete withall the flesh of these dryed by the sand and winde they affirme to be Mummy Mathiolus following the more usuall and common opinion writes that Mummie is nothing else than a liquor flowing from the Aromaticke embalments of dead bodyes which becomes dry and hard For understanding whereof you must know from all manner of antiquity that the Egyptians have beene most studious in burying and embalming their dead not for that end that they should become medicines for such as live for they did not so much as respect or imagine so horride a wickednesse But either for that they held an opinion of the generall resurrection or that in these monuments they might have something whereby they might keepe their dead friends in perpetuall remembrance Thevet not much dissenting from his owne opinion writes that the true Mummie is taken from the monuments and stony tombes of the anciently dead in Egypt the chinkes of which tombes were closed and cimented with such diligence but the enclosed bodyes embalmed with precious spices with such art for eternity that the linnen vestures which were wrapt about thē presently after their death may be seene whole even to this day but the bodies themselves are so fresh that you would judge them scarce to have been three dayes buryed And yet in
beaten with some salt Now you must note that this medicine takes no place if it be once gone into an ulcer for it would increase the paine and inflammation but if it bee applyed when the skinne is yet whole and not excoriated it doth no such thing but hinders the rising of pustles and blisters Hippocrates for this cause also uses this kind of remedy in procuring the fall of the Eschar If any endevour to gainesay the use of this remedy by that principle in Physicke which sayes that contraries are cured by contraries and therefore affirme that Onions according to the authority of Galen being hot in the fourth degree are not good for combustions let him know that Onions are indeed potentially hot and actually moyst therefore they rarifie by their hot quality and soften the skinne by their actuall moysture whereby it comes to passe that they attract draw forth and dissipate the imprinted heate and so hinder the breaking forth of pustles To conclude the fire as we formerly noted is a remedy against the fire But neither are diseases alwayes healed by their contraryes saith Galen but sometimes by their like although all healing proceede from the contrary this word contrary being more largely and stricktly taken for so also a Phlegmon is often cured by resolving medicines which healeth it by dissipating the matter thereof Therefore Onions are very profitable for the burnt parts which are not yet exulcerated or excoriated But there are also many other medicines good to hinder the rising of blisters such is new horse-dung fryed in oyle of wall-nuts or Roses and applied to the parts In like manner the leaves of Elder or Dane-wort boyled in oyle of nuts and beaten with a little salt Also quinched lime poudered and mixed with Vnguentum Rosatum Or else the leaves of Cuckow-pint and Sage beaten together with a little salt Also Carpenters Glue dissolved in water and anoynted upon the part with a feather is good for the same purpose Also thicke Vernish which pollishers or sword cutlers use But if the paine be more vehement these medicines must be renewed 3 or 4 times in a day and a night so to mittigate the bitternes of this paine But if so be we cannot by these remedyes hinder the rising of blisters then we must presently cut them as soone as they rise for that the humor contayned in them not having passage forth acquires such acrimonie that it eates the flesh which lyeth under it so causeth hollow ulcers So by the multitude of causes increase of matter the inflamation groweth greater not only for nine daies as the common people prattle but for farre longer time also some whiles for lesse time if the body be neither repleat with ill humors nor plethoricke and you have speedily resisted the paine and heate by fit remedyes When the combustion shall be so great as to cause an Eschar the falling away must be procured by the use of emollient and hamective medicins as of greases oyles butter with a little basilicon or the following oyntment â„ž Mucagin psillij cydon an â„¥ iiij gummi trag â„¥ ij extrahantur cum aqua parietariae olei lilliorum â„¥ iiss cerae novae q. s fiat unguentum molle For ulcers and excoriations you shall apply fit remedies which are those that are without acrimony such as unguentum album camphoratum desiccativum rubrum unguentum rosatum made without Venegar or nutritum composed after this manner â„ž lithargyri auri â„¥ iiij ol rosat â„¥ iij. ol depapaver â„¥ iiss ung populeon â„¥ iiij camphoraeÊ’j fiat unguentum in mortario plumbeo secundum artem Or oyle of Egges tempered in a Leaden mortar Also unquenched lime many times washed and mixed with unguentum rosatum or fresh butter without salt and some yolkes of egges hard roasted Or. â„ž Butyri recent fine sale ustulati colati â„¥ vj. vitell over iiij cerus lotae in aqualplantag vel rosar â„¥ ss tutkiae similiter lotae Ê’iij plumbi usti loti Ê’ij Misceantur omnia simul fiat linimentum ut decet Or else â„ž cort sambuc viridis olei rosat an lib. j. bulliant simul lento igne postea colentur adde olei ovorum â„¥ iiij pul ceruss tuthiae praepar an â„¥ j. cerae albae quantum sufficit fiat unguent molle secundum artem But the quantity of drying medicines may alwayes be encreased or diminished according as the condition of the ulcer shall seeme to require The following remedies are fit to asswage paine as the mucilages of Line seedes of the seedes of Psilium or Flea-wort and quinces extracted in rosewater or faire water with the addition of a little camphire and least that it dry too speedily adde thereto some oyle of Roses Also five or sixe yoalkes of egges mixed with the mucilages of Line seede the seede of Psilium and quinces often renewed are very powerfull to asswage paine The women which attend upon the people in the Hospitall in Paris doe happily use this medicine against burnes â„ž Lard conscisilibram unam let it be dissolved in Rosewater then strained through a linnen cloath then wash it foure times with the water of hen-bane or some other of that kinde then let it be incorporated with eight yolkes of new layd egge and so make an oyntment If the smart be great as usually it is in these kindes of wounds the ulcer or sores shall be covered over with a peice of Tiffany least you hurt them by wiping them with somewhat a course cloath and so also the matter may easily come forth and the medicines easily enter in Also you must have a care when the eyelids lippes sides of the fingers necke the armepits hammes and bending of the elbow are burnt that you suffer not the parts to touch one the other without the interposition of some thing otherwise in continuance of time they would grow and sticke together Therefore you shall provide for this by fit placing the parts and putting soft linnen ragges betweene them But you must note that deepe combustions and such as cause a thicker Eschar are lesse painefull than such as are but onely superficiary The truth hereof you may perceive by the example of such as have their limbes cut off and seared or cauterised with an hot Iron for presently after the cauterising is performed they feele little paine For this great combustion takes away the sense the vehemencie of the sensory or thing affecting the sense depriving the sensitive parts of their sense As wee have formerly noted when we treated of wounds and paines of the Nerves The falling away of such Eschars shall be procured by somewhat a deepe scarification which may pierce even to the quicke that so the humors which lye under it may enjoy freer perspiration and emollient medicines may the freelier enter in so to soake moysten and soften the Eschar that it may at length fall away The rest of the cure shall
exquisitly extreame remedies are best to be applyed Yet first be certaine of the mortification of the part for it is no little or small matter to cut off a member without a cause Therefore I have thought it fit to set downe the signes whereby you may know a perfect and absolute mortification CHAP. XVII The signes of a perfect Necrosis or Mortification YOu shall certainly know that a Gangreene is turned into a Sphacell or mortification and that the part is wholly and throughly dead if it looke of a blacke colour and bee colder than stone to your touch the cause of which coldnesse is not occasioned by the frigiditie of the aire if there bee a great softnesse of the part so that if you presse it with your finger it rises not againe but retaines the print of the impression If the skinne come from the flesh lying under it if so great and strong a smell exhale especially in an ulcerated Sphacell that the standers by cannot endure or suffer it if a sanious moisture viscide greene or blackish flow from thence if it bee quite destitute of sense and motion whether it be pulled beaten crushed pricked burnt or cut off Here I must admonish the young Chirurgion that hee be not deceived concerning the losse or privation of the sense of the part For I know very many deceived as thus the patients pricked on that part would say they felt much paine there But that feeling is oft deceiptfull as that which proceeds rather from the strong apprehension of great paine which formerly reigned in the part than from any facultie of feeling as yet remaining A most cleare and manifest argument of this false and deceitful sense appeares after the amputation of the member for a long while after they will complaine of the part which is cut away Verily it is a thing wondrous strange and prodigious and which will scarse be credited unlesse by such as have seene with their eyes and heard with their eares the patients who have many moneths after the cutting away of the Legge grievous ly complained that they yet felt exceeding great paine of that Leg so cut of Wherefore have a speciall care least this hinder your intended amputation a thing pittifull yet absolutely necessary for to preserve the life of the patient and all the rest of his body by cutting away of that member which hath all the signes of a Sphacell and perfect mortification for otherwise the neglected fire will in a moment spread over all the body and take away all hope of remedy for thus Hippocrates wisheth That Sections Vstions and Terebrations must bee performed as soone as neede requires CHAP. XVIII Where Amputation must be made IT is not sufficient to know that Amputation is necessary but also you must learne in what place of the dead part it must bee done and herein the wisedome and judgement of the Chirurgion is most apparent Art bids to take hold of the quicke and to cut off the member in the sound flesh but the same art wisheth us to preserve whole that which is sound as much as in us lies I will shew thee by a familiar example how thou maist carry thy selfe in these difficulties Let us suppose that the foote is mortified even to the anckle here you must attentively marke in what place you must cut it off For unlesse you take hold of the quicke flesh in the amputation or if you leave any putrefaction you profit nothing by amputation for it will creepe and spread over the rest of the body It befits Physicke ordained for the preservation of mankind to defend from the iron or instrument and all manner of injurie that which enjoyes life and health Wherefore you shall cut off as little of that which is sound as you possibly can yet so that you rather cut away that which is quicke than leave behind any thing that is perished according to the advice of Celsus Yet oft times the commodity of the action of the rest of the part and as it were a certaine ornament thereof changes this counsell For if you take these two things into your consideration they will induce you in this propounded case and example to cut off the Legge some five fingers breadth under the knee For so the patient may more fitly use the rest of his Legge and with lesse trouble that is he may the better goe on a woodden Legge for otherwise if according to the common rules of Art you cut it off close to that which is perished the patient will be forced with trouble to use three Legges in stead or two For I so knew Captaine Francis Clerke when as his foote was strucken off with an iron bullet shot forth of a man of warre and afterwards recovered and healed up hee was much troubled and wearied with the heavy and unprofitable burden of the rest of his Legge wherefore though whole and sound he caused the rest thereof to bee cut off some five fingers breadth below his knee and verily hee useth it with much more ease and facility than before in performance of any motion Wee must doe otherwise if any such thing happen in the Arme that is you must cut off a little of the sound part as you can For the actions of the Legges much differ from these of the armes and chiefly in this that the body restsnot neither is carried upon the armes as it is upon the feete and Legges CHAP. XIX How the section or amputation must be performed THe first care must be of the patients strength wherefore let him be nourished with meats of good nutriment easie digestion and such as generate many spirits as with the yolkes of Egges and bread tosted and dipped in Sacke or Muskedine Then let him bee placed as is fit and drawing the muscles upwards toward the sound parts let them be tyed with a straite ligature a little above that place of the member which is to be cut off with a strong and broad fillet like that which women usually bind up their haire withall This ligature hath a threefold use the first is that it hold the muscles drawne up together with the skin so that retiring backe presently after the performance of the worke they may cover the ends of the cut bones and serve them in stead of boulsters or pillowes when they are healed up and so suffer with lesse paine the compression in susteining the rest of the body besides also by this meanes the wounds are the sooner healed and cicatrized for by how much more flesh or skinne is left upon the ends of the boner by so much they are the sooner healed and cicatrized The second is for that it prohibites the fluxe of blood by pressing and shutting up the veines and arteries The third is for that it much dulls the sense of the part by stupefying it the animall spirits by the straite compression being hindred from passing in by the Nerves Wherefore when
they terme it whereof this is the composition â„ž aquaecoctae lb. vi sacc albis â„¥ iiii succ lim â„¥ i. agitentur transvasentur saepius in vasis vitreis I was purged when neede required with a bole of Cassia with Rubarbe I used also suppositories of Castle soape to make me goe to stoole for if at any time I wanted due evacuation a preternaturall heat presently seized upon my kidneyes With this though exquisite manner of diet I could not prevaile but that a fever tooke mee upon the eleventh day of my disease and a defluxion which turned into an Abscesse long flowing with much matter I thinke the occasion hereof was some portion of the humor supprest in the bottome of the wound as also by too loose binding by reason that I could not endure just or more strait binding and lastly scales or shivers of bones quite broke off and therefore unapt to be agglutinated for these therefore putrefying drew by consent the proper nourishment of the part into putrefaction and by the putredinous heat thence arising did plentifully administer the materiall and efficient cause to the defluxion and inflammation I was moved to thinke they were scales severed from their bone by the thin and crude sanies flowing from the wound the much swolne sides of the wound and the more loose and spongie flesh thereabouts To these causes this also did accrew one night amongst the rest as I slept the muscles so contracted themselves by a violent motion that they drew my whole Legge upwards so that the bones by the vehemency of the convulsion were displaced and pressed the sides of the wound neyther could they be perfectly composed or set unlesse by a new extension and impulsion which was much more painefull to mee than the former My fever when it had lasted with me seven dayes at length enjoyed a Crisis and end partly by the eruption of matter and partly by sweat flowing from me in a plenteous manner CHAP. XXVI What may be the cause of the convulsive twitching of broken members THis contraction and as it were convulsive twitching usually happens to fractured members in the time of sleepe I thinke the cause thereof is for that the native heat withdraws its selfe while we sleepe into the center of the body whereby it commeth to passe that the extreme parts grow colde In the meane while nature by its accustomed providence sends spirits to the suply of the hurt part But because they are not received of the part evill affected and unapt thereto they betake themselves together and suddenly according to their wonted celerity thither from whence they came the muscles follow their motion with the muscles the bones whereinto they are inserted are together drawne whereby it comes to passe that they are againe displaced and with great torment of paine fall from their former seate This contraction of the muscles is towards their originall CHAP. XXVII Certaine Documents concerning the parts whereon the Patient must necessarily rest whilest he lyes in his bed THose who have their Legge or the like bone broken because they are hindered by the bitternesse of paine and also wish for their cure or consolidation are forced to keep themselves without stirring and upon their backes in their beds for a long time together In the meane space the parts whereupon they must necessarily lye as the heele backe holy-bone rumpe the muscles of the broken thigh or legge remaine stretched forth and unmoveable set at libertie from their usuall functions Whereby it comes to passe that all their strength decayes and growes dull by little and little Moreover also by the suppression of the fuliginous and acride excrements and want of perspiration they grow preternaturally hote whence defluxion an abscesse and ulcer happen to them but principally to the holy-bone the rumpe and heele to the former for that they are defended with small store of flesh to the latter for that it is of more exquisite sense Now the ulcers of these parts are difficulty healed yea and oft-times they cause a gangrene in the flesh and a rottennesse and mortification in the bones there-under and for the most part a continued fever delirium convulsion and by that sympathie which generally accompanies such affects a hicketing For the heele and stomacke are two very nervous parts the latter in the whole bodie thereof and by a large portion of the nerves of the sixth conjugation but the other by the great tendon passing under it the which is produced by the meeting and as it were growing together of the three muscles of the calfe of the legge All which are deadly both by dissipation of the native heat by the feverish and that which is preternaturall as also by the infection of the noble parts whose use the life cannot want by carrion-like vapours When as I considered all these things with my selfe and become more skilfull by the example of others understood how dangerous they were I wished them now and then to lift my heele up out of the bed and taking hold of the rope which hung over my head I heaved up my selfe that so the parts pressed with continuall lying might transpire and be ventilated Moreover also I rested these parts upon a round cushion being open in the middle and stuffed with soft feathers and layd under my rumpe and heele that they might be refreshed by the benefit and gentle breathing of the ayre and I did oft-times apply linnen clothes spred over with unguentum rosatum for the asswaging of the paine and heat Besides also I devised a Casse of Lattin wherein the broken legge being layd is kept in its place farre more surely and certainely than by anie Junks and moreover also it may all be moved to and againe at the Patients pleasure This Casse will also hinder the heele from lying with all its bodie and weight upon the bed putting a soft and thicke boulster under the calfe in that place where the Casse is hollow besides also it armes and defends it against the falling downe and weight of the bed-clothes having a little arch made over and above of the same matter All which shall bee made manifest unto you by the following figure The figure of a Casse A A. Shew the bottome or belly of the Casse B B. The wings or sides to be opened and shut at pleasure C. The end of the wings whereto the sole or arch is fitted D D. The Arch. E E. The Sole F F. An open space whereat the heele hangs forth of the Casse Now it remaines that I tell you what remedies I applyed to the Abscesse which happened upon my wound When therefore I perceived an Abscesse to breed I composed a suppurative medicine of the yoalks of egges common oyle turpentine and a little wheat floure and I used it untill it was opened then to cleanse it I used this following remedie â„ž syrupi rosati terebinth venetae an â„¥ ii
pulveris radicis ireos florentiae aloes mastiches farinae hordei an Ê’ss incorporentur omnia simul fiat mundificativum but I had a care that the place whereat I conjectured the quite severed scales of the bones must breake forth should be filled with tents made of sponge or flaxe that so by this meanes I might keep the ulcer open at my pleasure But I put into the bottome of the ulcer catagmatick and cephalicke powders with a little burnt Alum to procure the egresse of the formerly mentioned scales These at length cast forth I cicatrized the ulcer with burnt Alum For this having a drying and astringent facultie confirmes and hardens the flesh which is loose and spongie and flowing with liquid sanies and helps forwards natures endeavour in cicatrization For the fragments of the bones they by reason of their naturall drinesse and hardness cannot be joyned and knit together by themselves without a medium but they need a certaine substance which thickning and concreting at their ends doth at length glue them together and as it were fasten them with soder This substance hath its matter of the proper substance and marrow of the bones but the forme from the native heat and emplastick medicines which moderately heat For on the contrarie these medicines which by their too much heat doe discusse and attenuate doe as it were melt and dissolve the matter of the Callus and so hinder the knitting Wherefore for this purpose I would wish you to make use of the following emplasters of whose efficacie I have had experience for hence they are called knitting or consolidating plaisters â„ž olei myrtill rosarum omphac an lb. ss rad altheae lb. ii rad fraxini fol. cjusdem rad consolidae majoris fol. ejusdem fol. salicis an m. i. fiat decoctio in sufficienti quantitate vini nigri aquaefabrorum ad mediâ—tatis consumptionem adde in colatura pulveris myrrhae thuris an â„¥ ss adipis hirci lb. ss terebinth lotae â„¥ iiii mestichesÊ’iii lithargyri auri argenti an â„¥ ii boli armeniâ— terrae sigillata an â„¥ i. ss miniiÊ’vi cerae albae quantum sufficit fiat emplastrum ut artis est In stead hereof you may use the blacke emplaister where of this is the description â„ž lithargyri auri lb. i. olei aceti lb. ii coquantur simul lento igne donec nigrum splendens reddatur emplastrum non adhaereat digitis Or else â„ž olei rosat myrtill an â„¥ ii nucum cupressi boli armen sanguinis drac pulverisatorum an â„¥ ss emplastri diachalciteos â„¥ iiii liquefaciant simul fiat emplastrum secundum artem In defect of these you may use a Cere-cloth or tela Gualteri whereof this is the description â„ž pulveris thuris farinae volatilis mastiches boli arm resinae pini nucum cupressi rubiae tinctorum an â„¥ ii sevi arietini cerae albae an lb. ss fiat emplastrum into which whilest it is hote dip a warme linnen cloth for the forementioned use Emplastrum Diacalcithios by the common consent of all the Ancients is much commended for fractures but it must undergoe different preparations according to the condition of the time for in summer it must be dissolved in the juice of plantaine and night-shade lest it should heat more than is fit It is convenient in the interim to have regard to the temper of the affected bodies for neyther are the bodies of children to be so much dried as these of old men otherwise if such drying medicines should be applyed to yong bodies as to old the matter of the Callus would be dissolved it would be so farre from concreting wherefore the Surgeon must take great heede in the choyce of his medicines For often times remedies good of themselves are by use made not good because they are used and applyed without judgment which is the cause that oft times pernicious accidents happen or else the Callus becomes more soft hard slender crooked or lastly concretes more slowly by the great error and to the great shame of the Surgeon CHAP. XXVIII By what meanes we may know the Callus is a breeding THen I knew that my legge begunne to knit when as lesse matter than was usuall came from the ulcer when the paine slackened and lastly when as the convulsive twitchings ceased which caused me to judge it fit to dresse it seldomer than I was used to doe For by the frequent detersion in dressing an ulcer whilst a Callus is breeding the matters whereof it is to be made are drawne away and spent which are as they terme them Ros Cambium and Gluten which are the proper and genuine nourishments both of the bony as also of the fleshie substance I by other signes also conjectured the breeding of the Callus to wit by the sweating of a certaine dewie blood out of the edges and pores of the wound which gently dyed and bedewed the boulsters and ligatures proceeding from the effluxe of the subtler and gentler portion of that matter which plenteously flowed downe for the breeding of a Callus As also by a tickling and pleasing sense of a certaine vapour continually creeping with a moderate and gentle heate from the upper parts even to the place of the wound Wherfore thence forwards I somewhat loosened the ligation lest by keeping it too strait I should hinder from entring to the fragments of the bones the matter of the Callus which is a portion of the blood temperate in qualitie and moderate in quantie Then therefore I thought good to use nourishments fit to generate more grosse thicke and tenacious blood and sufficient for generating a Callus such as are the extremities tendinous and gristly parts of beasts as the heads feete legges and eares of Hoggs Oxen Sheepe Kids all which I boyled with Rice French Barley and the like using somewhiles one somwhiles another to please my stomack palate I also somtimes fed upon frumity or wheat sodden in Capon broth with the yoalks of egges I drank red thicke and astringent wine indifferently tempered with water For my second course I ate chesnuts and medlars neyther doe I without some reason thus particularize my diet for that grosse nourishments especially if they be friable and fragile as beefe is are alike hurtfull for as much as pertaines to the generating of a Callus as light meats are For that makes the Callus too dry these too tender Wherfore Galen pronounces these meats only fit for generating a Callus which are neyther fragile nor friable neither serous and thin nor too dry but indifferent grosse and also viscide fat and tough These meats digested by the stomacke into Chilus are sent into the guts and from hence by the mesaraick veines into the Gate-veine and the hollow part of the Liver thence into the Hollow-veine and so into the Veines dispersed over all the bodie and the parts
the warmness of the water and in the time of fomenting For too long fomenting resolves the blood that is drawne But that which is too little or short a space drawes little or nothing at all after the fomentation hot and emplastick medicines made of pitch turpentine euphorbium pellitory of Spaine sulphur and the like shall bee applyed They shall bee renued every day more often or seldome as the thing it selfe shall seeme to require These medicines are termed Dropaces whose forme is thus â„ž picis nigrae ammoniaci bdelii gummi elemi in aqua vitae dissolutorum an â„¥ ii olei laurini â„¥ i. pulveris piperis zinziberis granorum paradisi baccarum lauri et juniperi an â„¥ ii fiat emplastrum secundum artem extendatur super alutam It is also good to binde about the opposite sound part with a ligature yet without pain as if the right arme shall decay for want of nourishment the left shall bee bound beginning your ligation at the hand and continuing it to the Arme-pit If this mischance shall seaze upon the right leg then the left shall be swathed up from the sole of the foote to the groine For thus a great portion of the bloud is forced back into the vena cava or hollow veine and from this being distended and over full into the part affected and gaping with the vessels almost empty besides also it is convenient to keepe the sound part in rest that so it may draw the lesse nourishment and by that meanes there will bee more store to refresh the weake part Some wish also to bind up the decaying member with moderate ligation for thus say they the bloud is drawne thither for when as wee intend to let blood by opening a veine with a lancet we bind the arme Also it is good to dip it into water somewhat more than warme and hold it there untill it grow red and swell for thus bloud is drawne into the veines as they find which use to draw blood of the saphena and salvatella Now if when as these things and the like bee done the lame part grow hot red and swollen then know that health is to be hoped for but if the contrary happen the case is desperate wherefore you need attempt nothing further Furthermore there is sometimes hardnesse left in the joints after fractures and dislocations are restored It is fit to soften this by resolving the conteined humor by fomentations liniments cataplasmes emplasters made of the roots of Marsh-mallowes briony lillies line seed fenugreek seed and the like and also of gums dissolved in strong vineger as Ammoniacum bdelium opopanax labdanum sagapenum styrax liquida and Adeps anserinus gallinaceus humanus oleum liliorum and the like Also you must wish the patient to move the part ever now and then every day yet so that it be not painefull to him that so the pent up humour may grow hot bee attenuated and at length discussed and lastly the part it selfe restored as farre as art can perform it for oft times it cannot be helped any thing at all For if the member be weake and lame by reason that the fracture happened neere the joint for the residue of his life the motion thereof useth to bee painefull and difficult and oft times none at all especially if the Callus which grows there be somewhat thick and great and lastly if the joint it selfe shall bee contused and broken by the stroake as it oft-times happens in wounds made by Gun-shot The End of the sixteenth Booke OF DIVERS OTHER PRETER NATURALL AFFECTS WHOSE CURE IS COMMONLY PERFORMED BY SURGERY THE SEVENTEENTH BOOKE CHAP. I. Of an Alopecia or the falling away of the haires of the head AN Alopecia is the falling away of the haire of the head and sometimes also of the eye-browes chin and other parts the French commonly call it the Pelade Phisicians terme it the Alopecia for that old Foxes subject by reason of their age to have the scab are troubled oft times with this disease This affect is caused either through defect of nourishment fit to nourish the haires as in old age through want of the radicall humidity or by the corruption of the alimentary matter of the same as after long fevers in the Lues venerea leprosie the corruption of the whole hody and all the humours whence followeth a corruption of the vapours and fuliginous excrements or else by the vitious constitution of the pores in the skin in rarity and constriction or density as by the too much use of hot oyntments made for colouring the hair or such as are used to take off haire therefore called Depilatoria or by the burning of the skin or losse thereof having a scarre in stead thereof by reason of whose density the haire cannot spring out as by too much laxity the fuliginous matter of the haire stayes not but presenly vanisheth away The Alopecia which comes by old age a consumption burne baldnesse leprosie and a scald head is uncurable that which admits of cure the cause being taken away is helped Wherefore if it proceed from the corruption of humours let a Phisician bee called who as hee shall thinke it fit shall appoint diet purging and phlebotomie Then the Surgeon shall shave off that haire which is remaining and shall first use resolving fomentations apply Leaches and Horns to digest the vicious humour which is under the skin then shall he wash the head to take away the filth with a lye wherein the roots of Orris and Aloes have been boyled Lastly hee shall use both attractive fomentations and medicines for to draw forth the humour which is become laudable in the whole body by the benefit of diet fitly appointed But if the Alopecia shall happen through defect of nourishment the part shall bee rubbed so long with a course linnen cloth or a figge leafe or onions untill it waxe red besides also the skin shall bee pricked in many places with a needle and then ointments applied made of Labdanum pigeons dung stavisager oile of bayes turpentine and waxe to draw the bloud and matter of the haires If the haire be lost by the Lues venerea the patient shall be annointed with quicksilver to sufficient salivation To conclude as the causes of this disease shall be so must the remdies be fitted which are used CHAP. II. Of the Tinea or scalde Head THE Tinea let me soterme it in Latine whilst a fitter word may be found or a scald head is a disease possessing the musculous skin of the head or the hairy scalpe and eating thereinto like a moth There are three differences thereof the first is called by Galen scaly or branlike for that whilst it is scratched it casts many branlike scales some Practitioners terme it a dry scall because of the great adustion of the humour causing it Another is called ficosa a fig-like scall because when it is dispoyled of the crust or
sleepy arteryes and fils the braine disturbing the humours and spirits which are conteyned there tossing them unequally as if one ran round or had drunk too much wine This hot spirit oft-times riseth from the heart upwards by the internall sleepy arteryes to the Rete mirabile or wonderfull net otherwhiles it is generated in the brain its selfe being more hot than is fitting also it oft-times ariseth from the stomack spleen liver and other entrals being too hot The signe of this disease is the sudden darkening of the sight and the closing up as it were of the eyes the body being lightly turned about or by looking upon wheeles running round or whirle pits in waters or by looking downe any deepe or steep places If the originall of the disease proceed from the braine the patients are troubled with the head-ach heavinesse of the head and noyse in the eares and oft-times they lose their smell Paulus Aegineta for the cure bids us to open the arteries of the temples But if the matter of the disease arise from some other place as from some of the lower entrals such opening of an artery little availeth Wherefore then some skilfull Phisitian must be consulted with who may give directions for phlebotomie if the original of the disease proceed from the heat of the entrals by purging if occasioned by the foulenesse of the stomack But if such a Vertigo be a criticall symptome of some acute disease affecting the Crisis by vomit or bleeding then the whole businesse of freeing the patient thereof must be committed to nature CHAP. IV. Of the Hemicrania or Megrim THE Megrim is properly a disease affecting the one side of the head right or left It sometimes passeth no higher than the temporall muscles otherwhiles it reacheth to the toppe of the crowne The cause of such paine proceedeth eyther from the veynes and externall arteryes or from the meninges or from the very substance of the braine or from the pericranium or the hairy scalpe covering the pericranium or lasty from putride vapours arising to the head from the ventricle wombe or other inferiour member Yet an externall cause may bring this affect to wit the too hot or cold constitution of the encompassing ayre drunkennesse gluttony the use of hot and vaporous meates some noysome vapour or smoake as of Antimony quick-silver or the like drawne up by the nose which is the reason that Goldsmythes and such as gilde mettals are commonly troubled with this disease But whence foever the cause of the evill proceedeth it is either a simple distemper or with matter with matter I say which againe is either simple or compound Now this affect is either alone or accompanied with other affects as inflammation and tension The heavinesse of head argues plenty of humour pricking beating and tension shewes that there is plenty of vapours mixed with the humours and shut up in the nervous arterious or membranous body of the head If the paine proceed from the inflamed meninges a fever followeth thereon especially if the humour causing paine doe putresie If the paine be superficiary it is seated in the pericranium If profound deepe and piercing to the botome of the eyes it is an argument that the meninges are affected and a feaver ensues if there be inflammation and the matter putresie and then oft times the tormenting paine is so great and grievous that the patient is affraid to have his head touched if it be but with your finger neither can hee away with any noise or small murmuring nor light nor smels however sweet no nor the fume of Vine The paine is sometimes continuall otherwhiles by fits If the cause of the pain proceed from hot thin vaporous bloud which will yeeld to no medicines a very necessary profitable speedy remedy may be had by opening an artery in the temples whether the disease proceed from the internall or externall vessels For hence alwayes ensueth an evacuation of the conjunct matter bloud and spirits I have experimented this in many but especially in the Prince de la Roche sur-you His Physitians when hee was troubled with this grievous Megrim were Chapaine the Kings and Castellane the Queenes chiefe Phisitians and Lewes Duret who notwithstanding could helpe him nothing by bloud-letting cupping bathes fictions diet or any other kind of remedy either taken inwardly or applyed outwardly I being called said that there was onely hope one way to recover his health which was to open the artery of the temple in the same side that the paine was for I thought it probable that the cause of his pain was not contained in the veins but in the 〈◊〉 in which case by the testimony of the ancients there was nothing better than the opening or bleeding of an artery whereof I had made tryall upon my selfe to my great good When as the Physitians had approved of this my advice I presently betake my selfe to the work and choose out the artery in the pained temple which was both the more swolne and beat more vehemently than the rest I open this as wee use to doe in the bleeding of a veine with one incision and take more than two sawcers of blood flying out with great violence and leaping the paine presently ceased neither did it ever molest him againe Yet this opening of an Artery is suspected by many for that it is troublesome to stay the gushing forth bloud and cicatrize the place by reason of the density hardnesse and continuall pulsation of the artery and lastly for that when it is cicatrized there may be danger of an Aneurisma Wherefore they thinke it better first to divide the skin then to separate the artery from all the adjacent particles and then to binde it in two places and lastly divide it as we have formerly told you must be done in Varices But this is the opinion of men who fear all things where there is no cause for I have learnt by frequent experience that the apertion of an artery which is performed with a Lancet as wee doe in opening a veine is not at all dangerous and the consolidation or healing is somewhat flower than in a veine but yet will bee done at length but that no flux of bloud will happen if so bee that the ligation be fitly performed and remaine so for foure dayes with fitting pledgets CHAP. V. Of certaine affects of the eyes and first of staying up the upper eye-lidde when it is too laxe OF the diseases which befall the eies some possess the whole substance thereof as the Ophthalmia a Phlegmon therof others are proper and peculiar to some parts thereof as that which is termed Gutta ferena to the opticke nerve Whence Galen made a threefold difference of the diseases of the eyes as that some happened to the eye by hurting or offending the chiefe organ thereof that is the crystalline humour others by hindering the animall faculty the chiefe causer of sight
of paine we must not presently run to Tooth-drawers or cause them presently to goe in hand to plucke them out First consult a Physician who may prescribe remedies according to the variety of the causes Now here are three intensions of cureing The first is concerning diet the other for the evacuation of the defluxion or antecedent cause the third for the application of proper remedies for the asswaging of paine The two former scopes to wit of diet and diverting the defluxion by purging phlebotomie application of cupping glasses to the necke and shoulders and fcarification doe absolutely belong to the Phisitian Now for proper and to picke medicines they shall be chosen contrary to the cause Wherefore in a hot cause it is good washing the mouth with the juice of Pomgranats plantaine water a little vineger wherein roses balaustiae and sumach have beene boyled But such things as shall be applyed for the mitigating of the paine of the teeth ought to bee things of very subtle parts for that the teeth are parts of dense consistence Therefore the ancients have alwaies mixed vineger in such kind of remedies ℞ rosar rub sumach hordei an m. ss conquassatiʒii santalorum an ʒi lactucae summitatum rubi solani plantaginis an m. ss bulliant omnia in aquae lib. iiii pauco aceto ad hordei crepaturam Wash the mouth with such a decoction being warme You may also make Trochisces for the same purpose after this manner ℞ sem hyoscyami sandarachae coriandri opii an ʒss terantur cum aceto incorporentur formentur que trochisci apponendi dentibus dolentibus Or else ℞ seminis portulacae hyoscyami coriandri lentium corticis santali citrini rosar rub pyrethri camphorae an ʒss Let them all bee beaten together with strong vineger and made into trochisces with which being dissolved in rose water let the gums and whole mouth bee washed when need requireth But if the paine bee not asswaged with these you shall come to narcoticks which may stupefie the nerve as ℞ seminis hyoscyami albi opii camphorae papaveris albi an quantum sufficit coquantur cum sapa et denti applicentur Besides you must also put this following medicine into the eare of the pained side ℞ opii castorei an ℈ i. misceantur cum oleo rosato It hath sometimes availed in swolne and distended gums being first lightly scarified to have applied leaches for the evacuation of the conjunct matter as also to have opened the veines under the tongue or these which are behind the eares For I remember that I by these three kindes of remedies asswaged great paines of the teeth Yet there bee some who in this affect open not these veines which are behind the eares but those which are conspicuous in the hole of the eare in the upper part thereof Paine of the teeth arising from a cold cause and defluxion may be helped by these remedies boyle rosemary sage and pellitory of Spaine in wine and vinegar and adde therto a little aqua vitae in this liquor dissolve a little treacle and wash your teeth therewith Others mingle Gum ammoniacum dissolved in aqua vitae with a little sandar acha and myrrhe and lay it to the pained tooth after Vigoes counsaile Mesue thinkes that beaten garlicke carryed in the right or left hand asswages the paine as the teeth ake upon the right or left side But I being once troubled with grievous paine in this kinde followed the counsaile of a certaine old woman and laid garlicke rosted under the embers to my pained tooth and the paine forthwith ceased The same remedy used to others troubled with the like affect had like successe Moreover some thinke it availeable if it bee put into the auditory passage Others drop into the eares oile of castoreum or of cloves or some such other chemicall oile It is good also to wash the teeth with the following decoction ℞ pyrethriʒss menthe et rutae an p. i. bulliant in aceto and with this decoction being warme wash the teeth Some like fumes better they make them of the seeds of Coloquintida and mustard and other like they take the smoake by holding their mouths over a funnell Other some boile pellitory of Spaine ginger cinamon alume common salt nut megs cipresse nuts anise and mustard seeds and euphorbium in oxycrate and in the end of the decoction adde a little aqua vitae and receive the vapour thereof through a funnell as also they wash their teeth with the decoction and put cotton dipped therein into the eare first dropping in a little thereof Some there are which affirm that to wash the teeth with a decoction of Spurge is a very good and anodyne medicine in the tooth-ach I have oft times asswaged intolerable paines of the teeth by applying vesicatories under the eare to wit in that cavity whereas the lower jaw is articulated with the upper for the veine artery and sinew which are distributed to the roots of the teeth lye thereunder Wherfore the blisters being opened a thinne liquor runnes out which doth not onely cause but also nourish or feed the disease But if the tooth be hollowed and that the patient will not have it puld out there is no speedier remedy than to put in caustick medicines as oile of vitrioll aqua fortis and also a hot iron for thus the nerve is burnt insunder and loseth its sense Yet some affirm that the milky juice that flowes from Spurge made into a paste with Olibanum and amylum and put into the hollowed tooth will make it presently to fall away in peeces When the Gums and Cheekes are swollen with a manifest tumour then the patient begins to be somewhat better and more at ease For so by the strength of nature the tumor causing the paine is carryed from within outwards But of what nature soever the matter which causeth the paine be it is convenient to intercept the course thereof with Empl. contra rupturam made with pitch and mastick and applyed to the temple on that side where the tooth aketh CHAP. XXVI Of other affects of the teeth THe teeth are also troubled with other preternaturall affects For sometimes they shake by relaxation of the gums or else become corrupt and rotten or have wormes in them or else are set on edge For the first the gummes are relaxed either by an externall or primitive cause as a fall or blow or else by an internall or antecedent as by the defluxion of acrid or waterish humours from the braine or through want of nourishment in old bodies If the teeth grow loose by the meanes of the decaying gums the disease is then incurable but you may withstand the other causes by the use of such things as fasten the teeth shunning on the contrary such as may loosen them Therefore the patient must not speake too earnestly neither chaw hard things If they become loose by a fall or
continue thereafter The incision being dilated the Surgeon putting one or two of his fingers into the necke of the wombe shall presse the bottome of the bladder and then thrust his crooked instruments or forcipes in by the wound and with these he shall easily pluck out the stone which he shall keepe with his fingers from slipping backe againe Yet Laurence Collo the Kings Surgeon and both his sunnes than whom I doe not know whether ever there were better cutters for the stone doe otherwise performe this operation for they doe not thrust their fingers into the fundament or necke of the wombe but contenting themselves with putting in onely the Guiders whereof we formerly made mention into the passage of the urine they presently thereupon make a streight incision directly at the mouth of the neck of the bladder and not on the side as is usually done in men Then they gently by the same way thrust the forcipes hollowed on the outside formerly delineated and so dilate the wound by tearing it as much as shall be sufficient for the drawing of the stone forth of the bladder The residue of the cure is the same with that formerly mentioned in men yet this is to be added that if an ulcer grow in the neck of the bladder by reason of the rending it you may by putting in the speculum matricis dilate the neck of the womb that fitting remedies may be applyed with the more ease CHAP. XLVIII Of the suppression of the Urine by internall causes BEsides the formentioned causes of suppressed urine or difficulty of making of water there are many other lest any may thinke that the urine is stopt onely by the stone or gravell as Surgeons thinke who in this case presently use diuretickes Therefore the urine is supprest by externall and internall causes The internall causes are clotted bloud tough phlegme warts caruncles bred in the passages of the urine stones and gravell the urine is sometimes supprest because the matter thereof to wit the serous or whayish part of the blood is either consumed by the feavourish heat or carryed other wayes by sweats or a scouring somtimes also the flatulencie there conteined or inflammation arising in the parts made for the urine and the neighbouring members suppresses the urine For the right gut if it be inflamed intercepts the passage of the urine either by a tumour whereby it presseth upon the bladder or by the communication of the inflammation Thus by the default of an ill affected liver the urine is oft times supprest in such as have the dropsie or else by dulnesse or decay of the attractive or separative faculty of the reines by some great distemper or by the default of the animall faculty as in such as are in a phrensie lethargy convulsion apoplexie Besides also a tough and viscide humour falling from the whole body into the passages of the urine obstructs and shuts up the passage Also too long holding the water somtimes causes this affect For when the bladder is distended above measure the passage thereof is drawn together and made more strait hereto may be added that the too great distension of the bladder is a hinderance that it cannot use the expulsive faculty and straiten it selfe about the urine to the exclusion thereof hereto also paine succeeds which presently dejects all the faculties of the part which it seazeth upon Thus of late a certaine young man riding on horsebacke before his Mistresse and therfore not daring to make water when he had great need so to doe had his urine so supprest that returning from his journy home into the city he could by no meanes possible make water In the meane time he had grievous paine in the bottom of his belly and the perinaeum with gripings and a sweatall over his body so that he almost sowned I being called when I had procured him to make water by putting in a hollow Cathaeter and pressing the bottom of his belly whereof he forthwith made two pints I told them that it was not occasioned by the stone which notwithstanding the standers by imagined to bee the occasion of that suppression of urine For thence forward there appeared no signes of the stone in the youth neither was he afterwards troubled with the stopping of his urine CHAP. XLIX A digression concerning the purging of such things as are unprofitable in the whole body by the urine IThink it not amisse to testifie by the following histories the providence of nature in expelling by urine such things as are unprofitable in the whole body Mounsieur Sarret the Kings secretary was wounded in the right arme with a pistoll bullet many and maligne symptomes happened thereupon but principally great inflammations flowing with much sanies and pus or quitture it somtimes happened that without any reason this purulent and sanious effluxe of matter was stayd in the inflammation wherof while we solicitously enquired into the cause wee found both his stooles and water commixed with much purulent filth and this through the whole course of the disease whereof notwithstanding by gods assistance he recovered and remaines whole and sound we observed that as long as his arme flowed with this filthy matter so long were his excrements of the belly and bladder free from the sanious and purulent matter as long on the contrary as the ulcers of the arme were dry so long were the excrements of the guts and bladder sanious and purulent The same accident befell a Gentleman called Mounsieur da la Croix who received a deadly wound with a sword on the left arme though German Chavall and Master Rasse most expert Surgeons and others who together with me had him in cure thought it was not so for this reason because the pus cannot runne so long a way in the body neither if it were so could that bee done without the infection and corruption of the whole masse of blood whilest it flowes through the veines therefore to be more probable that this quantity of filth mixed with excrements and urine flowed by reason of the default of the liver or of some other bowell rather than from the wounded arme I was of a contrary opinion for these following reasons First for that which was apparently seen in the patient for as long as the excrement and urine were free from this purulent matter so long his arme plentifully flowed therewith this on the contrary being dry much purulent matter was voided both by stoole and urine Another was that as our whole body is perspirable so it is also if I may so terme it confluxible The third was an example taken from the glasses which the French terme Monte-vins that is Mount-wines for if a glasse that is full of wine be set under another that is fill'd with water you may see the wine raise it selfe out of the lower vessell to the upper through the midst of the water so the water descend through the
in plantaine water and injected into the bladder Let the patient abstaine from wine and instead thereof let him use barly water or hydromel or a ptisan made of an ounce of raisins of the sun stoned and boyled in five pints of faire water in an earthen pipkin well leaded or in a glasse untill one pinte be consumed adding thereto of liquorice scraped and beaten â„¥ i. of the cold seeds likewise beaten two drams Let it after it hath boyled a little more be strayned through an hypocras bagge with a quarterne of sugar and two drams of choice cinamon added thereto and so let it be kept for usuall drinke CHAP. LVI Of the Diabete or inabilty to hold the Urine THe Diabete is a disease wherein presently after one hath drunke the urine is presently made in great plenty by the dissolution of the retentive faculty of the reines and the depravation of immoderation of the attractive faculty The externall causes are the unseasonable and immoderate use of hot and diureticke things and all more violent and vehement exercises The internall causes are the inflammation of the liver lungs spleen but especially of the kidneyes and bladder This affect must be diligently distinguished from the excretion of morbifick causes by urine The loines in this disease are molested with a pricking and biting pain and there is a continuall unquenchable thirst and although this disease proceed from a hot distemper yet the urine is not coloured red troubled or thick but thin and white or waterish by reason the matter thereof makes very small stay in the stomacke liver and hollow veine being presently drawn away by the heat of the kidneyes or bladder If the affect long endure the patient for want of nourishment falleth away whence certaine death ensues For the cure of so great a disease the matter must be purged which causes or feedes the inflammation or phlegmon and consequently blood must be let We must abstain from the foure cold seedes for although they may profit by their first quality yet will they hurt by their diuretick faculty Refrigerating and astringent nourishments must bee used and such as generate grosse humours as Rice thicke and astringent wine mixed with much water Exceeding cold yea Narcotick things shall be applyed to the loins for otherwise by reason of the thickness of the muscles of those parts the force unless of exceeding refrigerating things will not be able to arrive at the reins of this kind are oile of white poppy henbain opium purslain and lettuce seed mandrage vinegar and the like of which cataplasmes plaisters and ointments may be made fit to corroberate the parts and correct the heat CHAP. LVII Of the Strangury THe Strangury is an affect having some affinity with the Diâ—beâ—e as that wherin the water is unvoluntarily made but not together at once but by drops continually and with paine The externall causes of a strangury are the too abundant drinking of cold water all too long stay in a cold place The internall causes are the defluxion of cold humours into the urenary parts for hence they are resolved by a certain palsie and the sphincter of the bladder is relaxed so that he cannot hold his water according to his desire inflammation also all distemper causeth this affect and whatsoever in some sort obstructs the passage of the urine as clotted blood thick phlegme gravell and the like And because according to Galens opinion all sorts of distemper may cause this discase divers medicines shall be appointed according to the difference of the distemper Therfore against a cold distemper fomentations shall be provided of a decoction of mallows roses origanum calamint and the like so applied to the privities then presently after let them be anointed with oile of bayes and of Castoreum and the like Strong and pure wine shall be prescribed for his drinke and that not onely in this cause but also when the Strangury happens by the occasion of obstruction caused by a grosse and cold humor if so be that the body be not plethoricke But if inflammation together with a Plethora or fulnesse hath caused this affect wee may according to Galens advice heale it by blood-letting But if obstruction bee in fault that shall be taken away by diuretickes either hot or cold according to the condition of the matter obstructing We here omit to speake of the Dysuria or difficulty of making water because the remedies are in generall the same with those which are used in the Ischuria or suppression of urine CHAP. LVIII Of the Cholike WHensoever the Guts being obstructed or otherwise affected the excrements are hindred from passing forth if the fault bee in the small guts the affect is termed Volvulus Ileos miserere mei but if it be in the greate rguts it is called the Cholick from the part affected which is the Colon that is the continuity of the greater guts but especially that portion of the greater guts which is properly and especially named Colon or the cholicke Gut Therefore Avicen rightly defines the Cholicke A paine of the Guts wherein the excrements are difficultly evacuated by the fundament Paulus Aegineta reduceth all the causes of the Colicke how various soever to foure heads to wit to the grossenesse or toughnesse of the humours impact in the coates of the guts flatulencies hindred from passage forth the inflammation of the guts and lastly the collection of acride and biting humors Now we will treat of each of these in particular Almost the same causes produce the grossenesse of humors and flatulencies in the guts to wit the use of flatulent and phlegmaticke â—ough and viscide meats yea also of such as are of good nourishment if sundry thereof and of sundry kinds be eaten at the same meale and in greater quantity than is fit For hence crudity and obstruction and at length the collection of flatulencies whereon a tensive paine ensues This kind of Cholick is also caused by the use of crude fruits and too cold drink drunken especially when as any is too hot by exercise or any other way for thus the stomacke and the guts continued thereto are refrigerated and the humours and excrements therein conteined are congealed and as it were bound up The Cholicke which is caused by the inflammation of the kidneyes happens by the Sympathy of the reines pained or troubled with the stone or gravell conteined in them or the ureters Therefore then also paine troubles the patient at his hips and loynes because the nerves which arising from the vertebrae of the loins are oppressed by the weight of the stones and gravell about the joint of the hippe are disseminated into the muscles of the loines and thigh Also the ureters are pained for they seeme nothing else but certaine hollow nerves and also the cremaster muscles so that the patients testicles may seeme to be drawne upwards with much violence Hence great
than those in whom the matter of the disease is become knotty whereof Ovid thus speaketh Tollere nodosam nescit medicina podagram Physicke cannot the knotty Goute to heale These reasons have induced many to believe that the essence of this disease is unknowne for there is a certaine occult and inexplicable virulency the author of so great malignity and contumacy Which Avicen seemes to acknowledge when hee writes that there is a certaine kinde of Goute whose matter is so acute and maligne that if it at any time bee augmented by the force of anger it may suffice to kill the party by suddaine death Therefore Galen himselfe writes that Treacle must bee used in all Arthriticall and gouty affects and as I think for no other reason than for that it dries wastes and weakens the malignity thereof Gordonius is of the same opinion but addeth withall that the body must be prepared and purged before wee use Treacle Therefore the matter of the gout is a thin and virulent humour yet not contagious offending in quality rather than quantity causing extreme paines and therfore instigating the humours together with the caliginous and flatulent spirits prepared or ready for defluxion upon the affected parts Therefore as the bitings of Aspes and stingings of Waspes cause cruell pain with sudden swelling and blistering which is by the heat of the humours which the poyson hath tainted and not by the simple solution of continuity seeing that we daily see Shoo-makers and Taylors pricking their flesh with aules and needles without having any such symptome Thus the virulencie of the gout causeth intolerable tormenting paine not by the abundance because it happens to many who have the gout no signe of defluxion appearing in the joints but onely by a maligne and inexplicable quality by reason whereof these paines doe not cease unlesse abated by the helpe of medicines or nature or both The recitall of the following histories will give much light to that unexplicable and virulent malignity of the matter causing the gout Whilest King Charles the ninth of happy memory was at Burdeaux there was brought to Chappellaine and Castellan the Kings Physicians and Taste a Physician of Burdeaux Nicholas Lambert and my selfe Surgeons a certaine Gentle woman some forty yeares old exceedingly troubled for many yeares by reason of a tumor scarce equalling the bignesse of a pease on the outside of the joynt of the left Hippe one of her tormenting fits tooke her in my presence shee presently beganne to cry and â—oare and rashly and violently to throw her body this way and that way with motions and gestures above a womans yea a mans nature For shee thrust her head between her legges laid her feete upon her shoulders you would have said shee had beene possessed of the Divell This fit held her some quarter of an houre during all which time I heedfully observed whether the grieved part swelled any bigger than it was accustomed whether there happened any new inflammation but there was no alteration as farre as I could gather by sight or feeling but onely that shee cryed out more loudly when as I touched it The fit passed a great heate tooke her all her body ranne downe with sweat with so great wearinesse and weakenesse of all her members that shee could not so much as stirre her little finger There could bee no suspicion of an Epileptick fit for this woman all the time of her agony did perfectly make use of all her senses did speake discourse and had no convulsion Neither did shee spare any cost or diligence whereby shee might bee cured of her disease by the helpe of Physicians or famous Surgeons she consulted also witches wizzards and charmers so that shee had left nothing unattempted but all art was exceeded by the greatnesse of the disease When I had shewed all these things at our consultation wee all with one consent were of this opinion to apply a potentiall Cautery to the grieved part or the tumour I my selfe applyed it after the fall or the Eschar very blacke and virulent sanies flowed out which freed the woman of her paine and disease for ever after Whence you may gather that the cause of so great evill was a certaine venenate malignity hurting rather by an unexplicable quality than quantity which being overcome and evacuated by the Cautery all paine absolutely ceased Upon the like occasion but on the right arme the wife of the Queenes Coach-man at Amboise consulted Chappellaine Castellaâ— and me earnestly craving ease of her paine for shee was so grievously tormented by fits that through impatiency being carelesse of her selfe shee endeavoured to cast her lelse headlong out of her chamber window for feare whereof shee had a guard put upon her Wee judged that the like monster was to be assaulted with the like weapon neither were we deceived for using a potentiall cautery this had like successe as the former Wherefore the bitternesse of the paine of the gout is not occasioned by the onely weakenesse of the joints for thus the paine should be continuall and alwaies like it self neither is it from the distemper of a simple humour for no such thing happens in other tumours of what kinde soever they be of but it proceeds from a venenate maligne occult and inexplicable quality of the matter wherfore this disease stands in need of a diligent Physician and a painfull Surgeon CHAP. III. Of the manifest causes of the Gout ALthough these things may be true which we have delivered of the occult cause of the gout yet there be and are vulgarly assigned others of which a probable reason may bee rendred wherein this malignity whereof wee have spoken lies hid and is seated Therefore as of many other diseases so also of the gout there are assigned three causes that is the primitive antecedent and conjunct the primitive is two fold one drawn from their first originall and their mothers wombe which happens to such as are generated of gouty parents chiefly if whilest they were conceived this gouty matter did actually abound and fall upon the joynts For the seed falls from all the parts of the body as saith Hippocrates and Aristole affirmes lib. de gener animal Yet this causes not an inevitable necessity of having the gout for as many begot of sound and healthfull parents are taken by the gout by their proper primary default so many live free from this disease whose fathers notwithstanding were troubled therewith It is probable that they have this benefit and priviledge by the goodnesse of their mothers seed and the laudible temper of the womb wherof the one by the mixture the other by the gentle heat may amend and correct the faults of the paternall seed for otherwise the disease would become hereditary and gouty persons would necessarily generate gouty for the seed followeth the temper and complexion of the party generating as it is shewed by Avicen Another primitive cause is
bladder being inflamed and unmeasurably swelled Copulation and the use of acride or flatulent meates encrease this inflammation and also together therewith cause an Ischuria or stoppage of the urine they are worse at the change of the moone certaine death followes upon such a stoppage as I observed in a certaine man who troubled for ten yeares space with a virulent strangury at length dyed by the stoppage of his water He used to be taken with a stopping of his urine as often as he used any violent exercise and then he helped himself by putting up a silver Catheter which for that purpose he still carryed about him it happened on a certaine time that he could not thrust it up into his bladder wherefore he sent for me that I might helpe him to make water for which purpose when I had used all my skill it proved in vaine when he was dead and his body opened his bladder was found full and very much distended with urine but the prostatae preternaturally swelled ulcerated and full of matter resembling that which formerly used to run out of his yard whereby you may gather that this virulency flowes from the prostatae which runs forth of the yard in a virulent strangury and not from the Reines as many have imagined Certainely a virulent strangury if it be of any long continuance is to be judged a certaine particular Lues venerea so that it cannot bee cured unlesse by frictions with Hydrargyrum But the ulcers which possesse the neck of the bladder are easily discerned from these which are in the body or capacity thereof For in the latter the filth comes away as the patient makes water and is found mixed with the urine with certaine strings or membranous bodies comming forth in the urine to these may be added the farre greater stinch of this filth which issueth out of the capacity of the bladder Now must wee treat of the cure of both these diseases that is the Gonnorhâ—â— and virulent strangury but first of the former CHAP. XIX The chiefe heads of curing a Gonnorhoea LEt a Physitian be called who may give direction for purging bleeding and diet if the affect proceed from a fulnesse and abundance of blood and seminall matter all things shall bee shunned which breed more bloud in the body which increase seed and stirre to venery Wherefore he must abstaine from wine unlesse it be weak and astringent and he must not onely eschew familiarity with women but their very pictures and all things which may call them into his remembrance especially if he love them dearly strong exercises do good as the carrying of heavie burdens even until they sweat swimming in cold water little sleepe refrigerations of the loines and genitall parts by annoynting them with unguentum rosatum refrigerans Galeni nutritum putting thereupon a double cloth steeped in oxycrate and often renewed But if the resolution or weaknesse of the retentive faculty of these parts bee the cause of this disease contracted by too much use of venery before they arrive at an age fit to performe such exercise in this case strengthening and astringent things must both bee taken inwardly and applied outwardly But now I hasten to treat of the virulent strangurie which is more proper to my purpose CHAP. XX. The generall cure both of the scalding of the water and the virulent strangury WEe must diversly order the cure of this disease according to the variety of the causes and accidents thereof First care must be had of the diet and all such things shunned as inflame the bloud or cause windinesse of which nature are all diuretick and slatulent things as also strong and violent exercises Purging and bleeding are convenient especially if fulnesse cause the affect Womens companies must be shunned and thoughts of venereous matters the patient ought not to lye upon a soft bed but upon a quilt or matterice and never if he can helpe it upon his back boyled meats are better than roasted especially boyld with sorrel lettuce purslain cleansed barly the four cold seeds beaten for sauce let him use none unlesse the juice of an orange pomgranate or verjuice let him shun wine and in stead thereof use a decoction of barly and liquerice a hydromel or hydrosaccharum with a little cinamon or that which is termed Potus divinus In the morning let him sup of a barly creame wherein hath beene boyled a nodulus of the foure cold seedes beaten together with the seedes of white poppy for thus it refrigerateth mitigateth and cleanseth also the syrups of marsh-mallowes and maiden-haire are good Also purging the belly with halfe an ounce of Cassia sometimes alone otherwhiles with a dram or halfe a dram of Rubarbe in pouder put thereto is good And these following pils are also convenient â„ž massae piâ—ul sine quibus ℈ i. electiÊ’ss caphurae gr iiii cum terebinthina formenntur pilulâ— let them bee taken after the first sleep Venice turpentine alone or adding thereto some Rubarbe in pouder with oyle of sweet almonds newly drawne without fire or some syrupe of maiden-hair is a singular medicine in this case for it hath an excellent lenitive and cleansing faculty as also to helpe forwards the expulsive facultie to cast forth the virulent matter contained in the prostatae You may by the bitternesse perceive how it resists putrefaction and you may gather how it performes its office in the reines and urenary parts by the smell it leaves in the urine after the use thereof But if there bee any who cannot take it in forme of a bole you may easily make it potable by dissolving it in a mortar with the yolk of an egge and some white wine as I learned of a certaine Apothecary who kept it as a great secret If the disease come by inanition or emptinesse it shall be helped by fatty injections oily and emollient potions and inwardly taking and applying these things which have the like faculty and shunning these things which caused the disease How to cure that which happens by contagion or unpure copulation it shall bee abundantly shewed in the ensuing chapter CHAP. XXI The proper cure of a virulent strangury FIRST we must begin with the mitigation of paine and staying the inflammation which shall be performed by making injection into the urethra with this following decoction warme â„ž sem psilii lactucae papav albi plantag cydon lini hyosciami albi an Ê’ii detrahantur mucores in aquis solani rosar ad quantitatem sufficientem adde trochisc alborum Rhasis camphoratorum in pollinem redactorum Ê’i misce simul fiat injectio frequens For this because it hath a refrigerating faculty will help the inflammation mitigate pain and by the mucilaginous faculty lenifie the roughnesse of the urethra and defend it by covering it with the slimy substance against the acrimony of the urine and virulent humours In stead hereof you may use cowes
a nature like it selfe and venenate for as every agent imprints the force and qualities thereof in the subject patient thus poyson by the immoderation of faculties in their whole nature contrary to us changeth our substance into its nature no otherwise than fire turneth chaffe in a moment into its owne nature and so consumes it Therefore it is truly delivered by the Ancients who have diligently pryed into the faculties of naturall things that it is Poyson that may kill men by destroying and corrupting their temper and the composure and conformation of the body Now all poysons are said to proceed either from the coruptaire or from living creatures plants and mineralls or by an artificiall malignity in distilling subliming and diversly mixing of poysonous and fuming things Hence â—risesundry differences of poysons neither doe they all worke after the same manner for some corrupt our nature by the unmeasurablenesse of the manifest and elementary qualities whereof they consist others from a specifick and occult propertie Hence it is that some kill sooner than othersome neither is it true that all of them presently assaile the heart but others are naturally at deadly strife with other parts of the body as Cantharides with the bladder the sea Hare with the lungs the Torpedo with the hands which it stupefieth though the fishers rod bee betwixt them Thus of medicines there are some which are apt presently to comfort and strengthen the heart others the brain as staechas others the stomack as Cinamon Also there are some poysons which work both waies that is by manifest and occult qualities as Euphorbium for that both by the excessive heate and the whole substance or the discord of the whole substance with ours corrupts our nature An argument hereof is that Treacle which by its quality is manifestly hot infringeth the force thereof as also of all others of an occult property Poisons which work by an occult and specifick property do not therefore doe it because they are too immoderately hot cold dry moist but for that they are absolutely such and have that essence from the stars and coelestiall influence which is apt to dissolve and destroy the strength of mans body because being taken but even in a small quantity yet are they of so pernicious a quality that they kill almost in a moment Now poysons do not onely kill being taken into the body but some being put or applyed outwardly neither doe venimous creatures only harme by their stinging and biting but also by their excrements as spittle bloud the touch and breath CHAP. II. How poysons being small in quantity may by their only touch cause so great alterations IT seemeth strange to many how it may come to passe that poyson taken or admitted in a small quantity may almost in a moment produce so pernicious effects over all the body and all the parts faculties and actions so that being admitted but in a little quantity it swels up the body into a great bignesse Neither ought it to seeme lesse strange how Anridotes and Counter-poysons which are opposed to poyson can so suddenly breake and weaken the great and pernicious effects thereof being it is not likely that so small a particle of poyson or Antidote can divide it selfe into so many and so far severed particles of our body There are some saith Galen who thinke that somethings by touch onely by the power of their quality may alter those things which are next to them and that this appeares plainly in the sea Torpedo as that which hath so powerfull a quality that it can send it alongst the fishers rod to the hand and so make it become torpide or numbe But on the contrary Philosophers teach that accidents such as qualities are cannot without their subjects remove and diffuse themselves into other subjects Therefore Galens other answer is more agreeable to reason that so many and great affects of poysons and remedies arise either from a certaine spirit or â—…le huminity not truly for that this spirit and subtle humidity may be dispersed over the whole body and all the parts thereof which it affects but that little which is entred the body as cast in by the stroake of a Spider or the sting of a Scorpion infects and corrupts all the next parts by contagion with the like quality these others that are next to them untill from an exceeding small portion of the bloud if the stroake shall light into the veines it shall spread over the whole masse of bloud or of phlegme if the poyson shall chance to come to the stomacke and so the force thereof shall bee propagated and diffused over all the humours and bowels The doubt of Antidotes is lesse for these being taken in greater quantity when they shal come into the stomack warmed by the heat of the place they become hot send forth vapours which suddenly diffused over the body by the subtlety of their substance doe by their contrary forces dull and weaken the malignity of the poyson Wherefore you may often see when as Antidotes are given in lesse quantity than is fit that they are lesse prevalent neither doe they answer to our expectation in overcomming the malignity of the poyson so that it must necessarily follow that these must not onely in qualities but also in quantity bee superiour to poysons CHAP. III. Whether there be any such poysons as will kill at a set time TO the propounded question whether there may be poysons which within a certaine and definite time put case a moneth or yeare may kill men Theophrastus thus answers of poysons some more speedily performe their parts others more slowly yet may you finde no such as will kill in set limits of time according to the will and desire of men For that some kill sooner or later than others they do not this of their owne or proper nature as Physicians rightly judge but because the subject upon which they light doth more or lesse resist or yeeld to their efficacie Experience sheweth the truth hereof for the same sort of poyson in the same weight and measure given to sundry men of different tempers and complexions will kill one in an houre another in sixe houres or in a day and on the contrary will not so much as hurt some third man You may also observe the same in purging medicines For the same purge given to divers men in the same proportion will purge some sooner some later some more sparingly others more plentifully and othersome not at all also with some it will worke gently with othersome with paine and gripings Of which diversity there can no other cause be assigned than mens different natures in complexion temper which no man can so exactly know and comprehend as to have certain knowledge thereof as how much and how long the native heat can resist and labour against the strength of the poyson or how pervious or open the passages of the body may bee
St. Dennis For all wounds by what weapon soever they were made degenerated into great and filthy putrefactions corruptions with feavers of the like nature were commonly determined by death what medicines how diligently soever they were applyed which caused many to have a false suspicion that the weapons on both sides were poisoned But there were manifest signes of corruption and putrefaction in the bloud let the same day that any were hurt and in the principall parts dissected afterwards that it was from no other cause than an evill constitution of the Aire and the minds of the Souldiers perverted by hate anger and feare CHAP. V. What signes in the Aire and Earth prognosticate a Plague WEE may know a Plague to bee at hand and hang over us if at any time the Aire and seasons of the yeare swarve from their naturall constitution after those wayes I have mentioned before if frequent and long continuing Meteors or sulphureous Thunders infect the Aire if fruits seeds and pulse be worme-eaten If Birds forsake their nests egges or Young without any manifest cause if we perceive women commonly to abort by continuall breathing in the vaporous Aire being corrupted and hurtfull both to the Embrion and originall of life and by which it being suffocated is presently cast forth and expelled Yet notwithstanding those airy impressions doe not solely corrupt the Aire but there may be also others raysed by the Sunne from the filthy exhalations and poysonous vapours of the earth and waters or of dead carcasses which by their unnaturall mixture easily corrupt the Aire subject to alteration as which is thin and moyst from whence divers Epidemiall diseases and such as every-where seaze upon the common sort according to the sevâ—…l kinds of corruptions such as that famous Catarrhe with difficulty of breathing which in the yeare 1510. went almost over the World and raged over all the Cities and Townes of France with great heavinesse of the head whereupon the French named it Cuculla with a straitnesse of the heart and lungs and a Cough a continuall Feaver and sometimes raving This although it seazed upon many more than it killed yet because they commonly dyed who were either let bloud or purged it shewed it selfe pestilent by that violent and peculiar and unheard of kinde of malignity Such also was the English Sweating-sicknesse or Sweating-feaver which unusuall with a great deale of terrour invaded all the lower parts of Germany and the Low Countryes from the yeare 1525. unto the yeare 1530. and that chiefly in Autumne As soone as this pestilent disease entred into any City suddenly two or three hundred fell sick on one day then it departing thence to some other place The people strucken with it languishing fell down in a swoune and lying in their beds sweat continually having a feaver a frequent quick and unequall pulse neither did they leave sweating till the disease left them which was in one or two dayes at the most yet freed of it they languished long after they all had a beating or palpitation of the heart which held some for two or three yeeres and others all their life after At the first beginning it killed many before the force of it was knowne but afterwards very few when it was found out by practice and use that those who furthered and continued their sweats and strengthened themselves with Cordials were all restored But at certaine times many other popular diseases sprung up as putrid feavers fluxes bloudy-fluxes catarrhes coughes phrenzies squinances pleurisies inflammations of the lungs inflammations of the eyes apoplexies lithargies small pocks and meazels scabs carbuncles and maligne pustles Wherefore the plague is not alwayes nor every-where of one and the same kind but of divers which is the cause that divers names are imposed upon it according to the variety of the effects it brings and symptomes which accompany it and kinds of putrefaction and hidden qualities of the Aire They affirme when the Plague is at hand that Mushromes grow in greater abundance out of the earth and upon the surface thereof many kindes of poysonous insecta creepe in great numbers as Spiders Caterpillers Butter-flyes Grasse-hoppers Beetles Hornets Waspes Flyes Scorpions Snailes Locusts Toads Wormes and such things as are the off-spring of putrefaction And also wilde beasts tyred with the vaporous malignity of their Dennes and Caves in the earth forsake them and Moles Toads Vipers Snakes Lizzards Aspes and Crocodiles are seene to flee away and remove their habitations in great troopes For these as also some other creatures have a manifest power by the gift of God and the instinct of Nature to presage changes of weather as raines showers and faire weather and seasons of the yeare as the Spring Summer Autumne Winter which they testifie by their singing chirping crying flying playing and beating their wings and such like signes so also they have a perception of a Plague at hand And moreover the carcasses of some of them which tooke lesse heed of themselves suffocated by the pestiferous poyson of the ill Aire contained in the earth may bee every where found not onely in their dens but also in the plaine fields These vapours corrupted not by a simple putrefaction but an occult malignity are drawne out of the bowels of the earth into the Aire by the force of the Sun and Starres and thence condensed into clouds which by their falling upon corne trees and grasse infect and corrupt all things which the earth produceth and also kils those creatures which feed upon them yet brute beasts sooner than men as which stoope and hold their heads downe towards the ground the maintainer and breeder of this poyson that they may get their food from thence Therefore at such times skilfull husbandmen taught by long experience never drive their Cattell or Sheep to pasture before that the Sun by the force of his beames hath wasted and diffipated into Aire this pestiferous dew hanging and abiding upon boughes and leaves of trees herbs corne and fruits But on the contrary that pestilence which proceeds from some maligne quality from above by reason of evill and certaine conjunction of the Stars is more hurtfull to men and birds as those who are neerer to heaven CHAP. VI. By using what cautions in Aire and Diet one may prevent the Plague HAving declared the signes fore-shewing a Pestilence now wee must shew by what meanes we may shun the imminent danger thereof and defend our selves from it No prevention seemed more certaine to the Ancients than most speedily to remove into places farre distant from the infected place and to be most slow in their returne thither againe But those who by reason of their businesse or employments cannot change their habitation must principally have care of two things The first is that they strengthen their bodies and the principall parts thereof against the daily imminent invasions of the poyson or the pestiferous and venenate
from the beginning by his owne nature or which is not made pestilent Many begin the cure with bloud-letting some with purging and some with Antidotes We taking a consideration of the substance of that part that is assaulted first of all begin the cure with an Antidote because that by its specificke property it defends the heart from poyson as much as it is offended therewith Although there are also other Antidotes which preserve keep the heart the patient from the danger of Poyson and the Pestilence not onely because they doe infringe the power of the poyson in their whole substance but also because they drive and expell it out of all the body by sweat vomiting scowring and such other kinds of evacuations The Antidote must be given in such a quantity as may bee sufficient to overcome the poyson but because it is not good to use it in greater quantitie than needeth lest it should overthow our nature for whose preservation onely it is used therefore that which cannot bee taken together and at once must bee taken at severall times that some portion thereof may daily bee used so long untill all the accidents effects and impressions of the poyson be past and that there be nothing to be feared Some of those Antidotes consist of portions of venemous things being tempered together and mixed in an apt proportion with other medicines whose power is contrary to the venome as Treacle which hath for an ingredient the flesh of Vipers that it being therto mixed may serve as a guide to bring all the antidote unto the place where the venenate malignity hath made the chiefe impression because by the similitude of nature and sympathy one poyson is suddenly snatched and carryed unto another There are other absolute poisonous which neverthelesse are Antidotes one unto another as a Scorpion himselfe cureth the prick of a Scorpion But Treacle and Mithridate excell all other Antidotes for by strengthening the noblest part and the mansion of life they repaire and recreate the wasted Spirits and overcome the poyson not onely being taken inwardly but also applyed outwardly to the region of the heart Botches and Carbuncles for by an hidden property they draw the poysons unto them as Amber doth Chaffe and digest it when it is drawne and spoile and robbe it of all its deadly force as it is declared at large by Galen in his booke de Theriaca ad Pisonem by most true reasons and experiments But you will say that these things are hot and that the Plague is often accompanied with a burning Feaver But thereto I answer there is not so great danger in the Feaver as in the Pestilence although in the giving of Treacle I would not altogether seeme to neglect the Feaver but think it good to minister or apply it mixed with cordiall cooling medicines as with the Trochisces of Camphire syrupe of Lemons of water Lillies the water of Sorrell and such like And for the same cause wee ought not to choose old Treacle but that which is of a middle age as of one or two yeares old to those that are stong you may give halfe a dramme and to those that are more weake a dram The patient ought to walke presently after that hee hath taken Treacle Mithridate or any other Antidote but yet as moderately as hee can not like unto many which when they perceive themselves to bee infected doe not cease to course and run up and downe untill they have no strength to sustaine their bodies for so they dissolve nature so that it cannot suffice to overcome the contagion After moderate walking the patient must be put warm to bed and covered with many clothes warm brick-bats or tiles applyed to the soles of his feet or in stead thereof you may use swines bladders filled with hot water and apply them to the groines and arme-holes to provoke sweate for sweating in this disease is a most excellent remedy both for to evacuate the humours in the Feaver and also to drive forth the malignity in the Pestilence although every sweate brings not forth the fruit of health For George Agricola saith that hee saw a woman at Misnia in Germanie that did sweat so for the space of three dayes that the bloud came forth at her head and breast yet neverthelesse shee died This potion following will provoke sweate Take the roots of China shaved in thinne pieces one ounce and halfe of Guajacum two ounces of the barke of Tamariske one ounce of Angelica roots two drams of the shaving of Hats-horne one ounce of Juniper berries three drams put them into a viall of glasse that wil contain sixe quarts put thereto foure quarts of running or river water that is pure and cleare macerate them for the space of one whole night on the hot ashes and in the morning boile them all in Balneo Mariae untill the halfe bee consumed which will bee done in the space of sixe houres then let them be strained through a bagge and then strained againe but let that be with sixe ounces of sugar of Roses and a little Treacle let the patient take eight ounces or fewer of that liquor and it will provoke sweat The powder following is also very profitable Take of the leaves of Dictamnus the roots of Tormentill Betony of each halfe an ounce of bole Armenicke prepared one ounce of Terra Sigillata three drams of Aloes and Myrrhe of each halfe a dram of Saffron one dram of Masticke two drams powder them all according to art and give one dram thereof dissolved in Rose-water or the water of wild sorrell and let the patient walke so soone as he hath taken that powder then let him be laid in his bed to sweat as I have shewed before The water following is greatly commended against poyson Take the roots of Gentian Cyperus of each three drams of Carduus benedictus Burnet of each one handfull of Sorrell seeds and Divels-bit of each two pugils of Ivie and Juniper berries of each halfe an ounce of the flowers of Buglosse Violets and red Roses of each two pugils powder them somewhat grossely then soake or steepe them for a night in white wine and Rose water then adde thereto of bole Armenick one ounce of Treacle halfe an ounce distill them all in Balneo Mariae and keepe the distilled liquor in a vial of glasse wel covered or close stopped for your use let the patient take sixe ounces thereof with Sugar and a little Cinamon Saffron then let him walk and then sweat as is aforesaid the Treacle and cordiall water formerly prescribed are very profitable for this purpose Also the water following is greatly commended Take of Sorrell sixe handfuls of Rue one handfull dry them macerate them in vinegar for the space of foure and twenty houres adding thereto foure ounces of Treacle make thereof a distillation in Balneo Mariae and let the distilled water bee kept
Antidotes inwardly and applyed them outwardly for the most part escaped and recovered their health for that kind of Pestilence tooke its originall of the primitive and solitary default of the Aire and not of the corruption of the humours The like event was noted in the hoarsenesse that we spake of before that is to say that the patients waxed worse and worse by purging and phlebotomie but yet I doe not disallow either of those remedies if there be great fulnesse in the body especially in the beginning and if the matter have a cruell violence whereof may bee feared the breaking in unto some noble part For wee know that it is confirmed by Hypocrates that what disease soever is caused by repletion must be cured by evacuation and that in diseases that are very sharpe if the matter do swell it ought to be remedied the same day for delay in such diseases is dangerous but such diseases are not caused orinflicted upon mans body by reason or occasion of the pestilence but of the diseased bodies and diseases themselves commixed together with the Pestilence therefore then peradventure it is lawfull to purge strongly and to let a good quantity of bloud lâ—st that the pestilent venome should take hold of the matter that is prepared and so infect it with a contagion whereby the Pestilence taketh new and farregreater strength especially as Celsus admonisheth us where he saith that By how much the sooner those sudden invasions doe happen by so much the sooner remedies must be used yea or rather rashly applyed therefore if the veines swell the face waxe fiery red if the arteries of the temples beat strongly if the patient can very hardly breathe by reason of a weight in his stomacke if his spittle be bloudy then ought he to bee let bloud without delay for the causes before mentioned It seems best to open the liver veino on the left arme whereby the heart and the spleene may be better discharged of their abundant matter yet bloud-letting is not good at all times for it is not expedient when the body beginneth to waxe stiffe by reason of the comming of a Feaver for then by drawing backe the heat and spirits inwardly the outward parts being destitute of bloud waxe stiffe and cold therefore bloud cannot bee letten then without great losse of the strength and perturbation of the humours And it is to be noted that when those plethoricke causes are present there is one Indication of bloud-letting in a simple pestilent Feaver and another in that which hath a Bubo idest a Botch or a Carbuncle joined ther with For in one or both of these being joyned with a vehement strong burning Feaver bloud must be letten by opening the veine that is nearest into the tumour or swelling against nature keeping the straightness of the fibres that this being open the bloud might be drawn more directly from the part affected for all and every retraction of putrefied bloud unto the noble parts is to be avoyded because it is noysome and hurful to nature and to the patient Therefore for example sake admit the patient be plethoricke by repletion which is called Advasa idest unto the vessels and Advires idest unto the strength and there withall he hath a tumour that is pestilent in the parts belonging unto his head or necke the bloud must bee let out of the cephalick or median veine or out of one of their branches dispersed in the arme on the grieved side But if through occasion of fatte or any other such like cause those veines doe not appeare in the arme there bee some that give counsell in such a case to open the veine that is betweene the fore-finger and the thumbe the hand being put into warme water whereby that veine may swell and be filled with bloud gathered thither by meanes of the heate If the tumour be under the arme-hole or about those places the liver veine or the median must be opened which runneth alongst the hand if it be in the groine the veine of the hamme or Saphena or any other veine above the foote that appeareth well but alwaies on the grieved side And phlebotomie must bee performed before the third day for this disease is of the kind or nature of sharpe diseases because that within foure and twenty houres it runneth past helpe In letting of bloud you must have consideration of the strength You may perceive that the patient is ready to swoune when that his forehead waxeth moyst with a small sweate suddenly arising by the aking or paine at the stomacke with an appetite to vomit and desire to goe to stoole gaping blacknesse of the lippes and sudden alteration of the face unto palenesse and lastly most certaincly by a small and slow pulse and then you must lay your finger on the veine and stop it untill the patient come to himselfe againe either by nature or else restored by art that is to say by giving unto him bread dipped in wine or any other such like thing then if you have not taken bloud enough you must let it goe againe and bleed so much as the greatnesse of the disease or the strength of the patient will permit or require which being done some one of the Antidotes that are prescribed before will be very profitable to be drunk which may repaire the strength and infringe the force of the malignity CHAP. XXV Of purging medicines in a pestilent disease IFyou call to minde the proper indications purging shall seeme necessary in this kinde of disease and that must bee prescribed as the present case and necessity requireth rightly considering that the disease is sudden and doth require medicines that may with all speede drive out of the body the hurtfull humour wherein the noy some quality doth lurke and is hidden which medicines are diverse by reason of the diversity of the kinde of the humour and the condition or temperature of the patient For this purpose sixe graines of Scammonie beaten into powder or else tenne graines are commonly ministred to the patient with one dram of Treacle Also pils may be made in this forme Take of Treacle and Mithridate of each one dram of Sulphur vivum finely powdred halfe a dram of Diagridium foure graines make thereof Pils Or Take three drams of Aloes of Myrrhe and Saffron of each one dram of white Hellebore and Asarabacca of each foure scruples make thereof a masse with old Treacle and let the patient take foure scruples thereof for a dose three houres before meate Ruffus his pils may be profitably given to those that are weake The ancient Physicians have greatly commended Agarick for this disease because it doth draw the noysome humours out of all the members and the vertues thereof are like unto those of Treacle for it is thought to strengthen the heart and to draw out the malignity by purging To those that are strong the weight of two drams may be given and to those
like wherein there is power to provoke the flowers as with scammony in powder let them be as bigge as ones thumbe sixe fingers long and rowled in lawne or some such like thinne linnen cloath of the same things nodula's may bee made Also pessaries may be prepared with hony boyled adding thereto convenient powders as of scammony pellitory and such like Neither ought these to stay long in the necke of the wombe lest they should exulcerate and they must be pulled backe by a threed that must bee put through them and then the orifice of the womb must be fomented with white wine of the decoction of pennyroyall or mother-wort But it is to be noted that if the suppression of the flowers happeneth through the default of the stopped orifice of the womb or by inflammation these maladies must first bee cured before wee come unto those things that of their proper strength and vertue provoke the flowers as for example if such things be made and given when the wombe is enflamed the blood being drawne into the grieved place and the humours sharpened and the body of the wombe heated the inflammation will be encreased So if there be any superfluous flesh if there be any Callus of a wound or ulcer or if there be any membrane shutting the orifice of the wombe and so stopping the fluxe of the flowers they must first bee consumed and taken away before any of those things bee administred But the oportunity of taking and applying of things must be taken from the time wherein the sicke woman was wont to be purged before the stopping or if she never had the flowers in the decrease of the moone for so we shall have custome nature and the externall efficient cause to helpe art When these medicines are used the women are not to bee put into bathes or hot houses as many doe except the malady proceed from the density of the vessels and the grossenesse and clamminesse of the blood For sweats hinder the menstruall fluxe by diverting and turning the matter another way CHAP. LIIII The signes of the approaching of the menstruall fluxe WHen the monethly fluxe first approacheth the dugges itch and become more swollen and hard than they were wont the woman is more desirous of copulation by reason of the ebullition of the provoked blood and the acrimony of the blood that remaineth her voice becommeth bigger her secret parts itch burne swell and waxe red If they stay long shee hath paine in her loynes and head nauseousnesse and vomiting troubleth the stomacke notwithstanding if those matters which flow together in the wombe either of their owne nature or by corruption be cold they loath the act of generation by reason that the wombe waxeth feeble through sluggishnesse and watery humours filling the same and it floweth by the secret parts very softly Those maides that are marriageable although they have the menstruall fluxe very well yet they are troubled with head ache nauseousnesse and often vomiting want of appetite longing an ill habite of body difficulty of breathing trembling of the heart swouning melancholy fearfull dreames watching with sadnesse and heavinesse because that the genitall parts burning itching they imagine the act of generation whereby it commeth to passe that the seminall matter either remaining in the testicles in great abundance or else powred into the hollownesse of the womb by the tickling of the genitalls is corrupted and acquireth a venemous quality and causeth such like accidents as happens in the suffocation of the wombe Maides that live in the country are not so troubled with those diseases because there is no such lying in wait for their maiden-heads and also they live sparingly and hardly and spend their time in continuall labour You may see many maides so full of juice that it runneth in great abundance as if they were not menstruall into their dugges and is there converted into milke which they have in as great quantity as nurses as we read it recorded by Hippocrates If a woman which is neither great with child nor hath born children hath milke she wants the menstruall fluxes whereby you may understand that that conclusion is not good which affirmeth that a woman which hath milke in her breasts either to be delivered of childe or to be great with childe for Cardanus writeth that hee knew one Antony Buzus at Genua who being thirty yeeres of age had so much milk in his breasts as was sufficient to nurse a child for the breeding and efficient cause of milke proceeds not onely from the engrafted faculty of the glandulous substance but much rather from the action of the mans seed for proofe whereof you may see many men that have very much milk in their breasts and many women that almost have no milke unlesse they receive mans seed Also women that are strong and lusty like unto men which the Latines call Viragines that is to say whose seed commeth unto a manly nature when the flowers are stopped concoct the blood and therefore when it wanteth passage forth by the likenesse of the substance it is drawne into the duggs and becommeth perfect milk those that have the flowers plentifully and continually for the space of foure or five daies are better purged and with more happy successe than those that have them for a longer time CHAP. LV. What accidents follow immoderate fluxes of the flowers or courses IF the menstruall flux floweth immoderately there also followes many accidents for the cocoction is frustrated the appetite overthrown then followes coldnesse throughout all the body exolution of all the faculties an ill habite of all the body leannesse the dropsie a hecticke feaver convulsion swouning and often sodaine death if any have them too exceeding immoderately the blood is sharpe and burning and also stinking the sicke woman is troubled with a continuall feaver and her tongue will bee dry ulcers arise in the gummes and all the whole mouth In women the flowers doe flow by the veines and arteries which rise out of the spermaticke vessels and are ended in the bottome and sides of the wombe but in virgins and in women great with childe whose children are sound and healthfull by the branches of the hypogastrick veine and artery which are spred and dispersed over the necke of the wombe The cause of this immoderate flux is in the quantity or quality of the blood in both the fault is unreasonable copulation especially with a man that hath a yard of a monstrous greatnesse and the dissolution of the retentive faculty of the vessels oftentimes also the flowers flow immoderately by reason of a painfull a difficult birth of the child or the after-birth being pulled by violence from the cotyledons of the wombe or by reason that the veines and arteries of the necke of the wombe are torne by the comming forth of the infant with great travell and many times by the use of sharpe medicines
intestine which happeneth to women MAny women that have had great travell and straines in child-birth have the great intestine called of the Latines crassum intestinum or gut relaxed and slipped down which kind of affect happeneth much to children by reason of a phlegmaticke humour moistening the sphincter muscle of the fundament and the two others called levatores For the cure thereof first of all the gut called rectum intestinum or the straight gut is to be forented with a decoction of heating and resolving herbes as of sage rosemary lavander thyme and such like and then of astringent things as of roses myrtills the â—â—ds of pomegranats cypresse nuts galles with a little alome then it must be sprinkied with the pouder of things that are astringent without biting and last of all it is to be restored and gently thrust into its place That is supposed to bee an effectuall and singular remedy for this purpose which is made of twelve red snailes put into a put with â„¥ ss of alome and as much of salt and shaken up and down a long time for so at length when they are dead there will remaine an humour which must bee put upon cotton and applied to the gut that is fallen downe By the same cause that is in say of painefull childe-birth in some women there ariseth a great swelling in the navell for when the peritonaeum is relaxed or broken sometimes the Kall and sometimes the guts slippe out many times flatulencies come thither the cause as I now shewed is over great straining or stretching of the belly by a great burthen carried in the wombe and great travaile in childe-birth if the fallen downe guts make that tumour paine joyned together with that tumour doth vexe the patient and if it be pressed you may heare the noise of the guts going backe againe if it be the Kall then the tumour is soft and almost without pain neither can you heare any noise by compression if it be winde the tumour is loose and soft yet it is such as will yeeld to the pressing of the finger with some sound and will soone returne againe if the tumour be great it cannot be cured unlesse the peritonaeum bee cut as it is said in the cure of ruptures In the church-porches of Paris I have seene begger-women who by the falling downe of the guts have had such tumours as big as a bowle who notwithstanding could goe and doe all other things as if they had beene sound and in perfect health I think it was because the faeces or excrements by reason of the greatnesse of the tumor and the bignesse or widenesse of the intestines had a free passage in and out CHAP. LXVI Of the relaxation of the navell in children OFten times in children newly borne the navell swelleth as bigge as an egg because it hath not bin well cut or bound or because the whayish humours are flowed thither or because that part hath extended it selfe too much by crying by reason of the paines of the fretting of the childes guts many times the childe bringeth that tumour joined with an abscesse with him from his mother wombe but let not the Chirurgian assay to open that abscesse for if it be opened the guts come out through the incision as I have seene in many and especially in a child of my Lord Martigues for when Peter of the Rocke the Chirurgian opened an abscesse that was in it the bowels ranne out at the incision and the infant died and it wanted but little that the Gentlemen of my Lords retinue that were there had strangled the Chirurgian Therefore when John Gromontius the Carver desired me and requested mee of late that I would doe the like in his sonne I refused to doe it because it was in danger of its life by it already and in three daies after the abscesse broke and the bowells gushed out and the childe died CHAP. LXVII Of the paine that children have in breeding of teeth CHildren are greatly vexed with their teeth which cause great paine when they begin to break as it were out of their shell or sheath and begin to come forth the gummes being broken which for the most part happeneth about the seventh month of the childs age This pain commeth with itching and scratching of the gummes an inflammation fluxe of the belly whereof many times commeth a feaver falling of the hair a convulsion and at length death The cause of the paine is the solution of the continuity of the gummes by the comming forth of the teeth The signes of that pain is an unaccustomed burning or heat of the childes mouth which may bee perceived by the nurse that giveth it sucke a swelling of the gummes and cheekes and the childes being more wayward and crying than it was wont and it will put its fingers to its mouth and it will rubbe them on its gummes as though it were about to scratch and it slavereth much That the Physitian may remedy this hee must cure the nurse as if she had the feaver and shee must not suffer the childe to sucke so often but make him coole and moist when hee thirsteth by giving him at certaine times syrupus alexandrinus syrup de limonibus or the syrupe of pomegranats with boiled water yet the childe must not hold those things that are actually cold long in his mouth for such by binding the gums doe in some sort stay the teeth that are newly comming forth but things that lenifie and mollifie are rather to bee used that is to say such things as doe by little and little relaxe the loose flesh of the gummes and also asswage the paine Therefore the nurse shall often times rubbe the childs gummes with her fingers anointed or besmeared with oyle of sweet almonds fresh butter hony sugar mucilage of the seeds of psilium or of the seeds of marsh mallowes extracted in the water of pellitory of the wall Some thinke that the braine of a hare or of a sucking pig rosted or sodden through a secret property are effectuall for the same and on the outside shall be applied a cataplasme of barly meale milke oyle of roses and the yelkes of egges Also a sticke of liquorice shaven and bruised and anointed with hony or any of the forenamed syrupes and often rubbed in the mouth or on the gummes is likewise profitable so is also any toy for the childe to play withall wherein a wolves tooth is set for this by scratching doth asswage the painfull itching and rarifie the gummes and in some weareth them that the teeth appeare the sooner But many times it happeneth that all these and such like medicines profit nothing at all by reason of the contumacy of the gums by hardnesse or the weaknesse of the childes nature therefore in such a cause before the forenamed mortall accidents come I would perswade the Chirurgian to open the gummes in such places as the teeth bunch out
facility orecome the cause of paine besides also they rarifie attenuate digest and consequently evacuate both grosse and viscide humours as also cloudy flatulencies hindred from passing forth such are flores chamaemeli meliloti crocus oleum chamaemelinum anethinum oleum lini oleum ex semine althaeae lumbricorum ovorum ex tritico butyrum lana succida suillus adeps vitulinus gallinaceus anserinus humanus ex anguilla cunicula aliis Lac muliebre vaccinum mucago seminis lini foenugraeci althaa malvae velejusmodi seminum decoctum as also Decoctum liliorum violariae capitis pedum intestinorum arietis hoedi Narcotickes or stupefying medicines improperly termed Anodines are cold in the fourth degree therefore by their excesse of cold they intercept or hinder the passage of the animall spirit to the part whence it is that they take away sense of this sort are hyoseyamus cicuta solanum manicum mandragora papaver opium arctissima vincula You may make use of the first sort of Anodynes in all diseases which are cured by the opposition of their contraries but of the second to expugne paines that are not very contumacious that by their application wee may resist defluxion inflammation the feaver and other symptomes But whereas the bitternesse of paine is so excessive great that it will not stoop to other medicines then at the length must wee come to the third sort of anodynes Yet oft times the bitternesse of paine is so great that very narcoticks must be applied in the first place if we would have the part and the whole man to be in safety Yet the too frequent use of them especially alone without the addition of saffron myrrh castoreum or some such like thing useth to be very dangerous for they extinguish the native heat and cause mortification manifested by the blackenesse of the part But intolerable paines to wit such as are occasioned by the excesse of inflammation and gangrenes may bee sooner mitigated by opening a veine purging and scarifying the part affected than either by properly termed anodines or narcotickes to wit that paine may bee the remedy of paine By purgers we here understand not onely such as taken by the mouth produce that effect but also such as outwardly applied performe the same as those whereof Actius makes mention As â„ž pulpa seu medul colocynth semin eruc rut sylvest elaterii gr cindii lathyrid expurgatar galban nitri cerae singulorum â„¥ iiii opopan Ê’ ii terebinth Ê’vi terendaterito taurino felle paulatim irrigato donec apte imbibantur Then apply it about the navill even to the share for thus it will purge by stoole if on the contrary you apply it to the bottome of the stomacke it will cause vomit Another â„ž elaterii Ê’iii colocynth scammon squammae aeris radic cucumer agrest lathyrid an Ê’i aut pro lathyrid tithymal succum terito cribrato ac cum oleo plurimum salis habente subigito magnam inde pilame lana confertam hoc medicamento illitam umbilico aut lumbis applicato Or â„ž fellis taurin Ê’ i. gr cindii virid â„¥ iv succi lupinor virid â„¥ ii euphorb â„¥ i. pulp colocynth tantundem adip vulpin recent â„¥ ii adip viper â„¥ ii ss stercor muris â„¥ iv succi poeon castor singulor Ê’ iv ol ligustrin â„¥ vi ol antiq â„¥ i. fiat unguentum vel oleum It purgeth without trouble and besides the other commodities it also is good against distraction or madnesse Two spoonefulls is the greatest quantity to be used at one time for in some one is sufficient anoint with it the navill and thereabouts and a just purgation will ensue thereupon which if it shall flye out beyond your expectation you may foment the belly with a sponge moistened in warm wine and pressed forth againe and it will be presently stayed Moreover Fernelius lib. 7. methodi makes mention of a laxative ointment CHAP. XX. Of the composition and use of Medicines HItherto wee have spoken of the faculties of simple medicines now wee thinke good to say something of the compounding of them for so by the Architect are had known every thing apart and then he settles the workemen to the building the conceived forme of which hath beene in his minde ever since hee did enterprise it Therefore the composition of divers medicaments with their qualities and effects is a mingling appointed by the art of the Physitian Hence therefore rheum aloe rosa absintbium although they have divers substances and faculties yet are notwithstanding called simple medicines because they have that variety from nature not from art But we many times call simple such things as are compounded by art as oxym simpl oxysacch simplex as compared to greater compositions And therefore often times wee use compound medicines because alwaies the simple medicine alone hath not strength enough to oppugne the disease For many times the sicke labour with manifold and not simple affects from which there being taken a various indication we gather contrary simple medicines to apply to every affect in one composition But often times the nature of the part of the patient or of the body affected requireth another kind of medicament which may bee proper for the removing that disease wherefore it is so made to oppugne the disease and not offend the body and we mingle many other together whose effects may temper one another Moreover the composition of medicines was necessary that because those things which have not a good taste colour or smell by art or composition might be made more gratefull Compound medicines of which we intend to speak are Glysters Suppositories Noduli Pessaries Oiles Liniments Ointments Emplasters Cerats Pultisses Cataplasmes Fomentations Embrocations Epithemaes Vesicatories Cauteries Collyria Errhina Sneesing powders Masticatories Gargarismes Dentifrices Bags Fumigations Semicupiums Baths But first it is expedient that I say something of weights and measures with their notes by which medicines commonly are measured and noted by Physitians CHAP. XXI Of weights and measures and the notes of both of them EVery weight ariseth from a beginning and foundation as it were for as our bodies doe arise of the foure first simple bodies or elements into which they are often resolved so all weights do arise from the graine which is as it were the beginning and end of the rest Now hereby is understood a barly corne or graine and that such as is neither too dry or overgrowne with â—…uldiâ—…ssâ—…r rancide but well conditioned and of an indifferent bignesse Ten graines of these mâ—… â—…bolus two Oboli or twenty graines make a scruple three scruples or sixtâ—… graines make a dramme eight drammes make one ounce twelve ouneâ—…ake one pound medicinall which is for the most part the greatest waight usedâ—… Physitians and which they seldome exceed and it is resolved into ounces drâ—…mes scruples oboli and graines which is the least weight To expresse
talking idely for they procure sleep But because water alone cannot long adhere to the body let oile bee mixed or put in them which may hold in the water and keep it longer to the skinne These bathes are good against the inflammations of the lungs and sides for they mitigate pain and help forward that which is suppurated to exclusion when as generall remedies according to art have preceded for otherwise they will cause a greater defluxion on the afflicted parts for a bath in Galens opinion is profitably used to diseases when as the morbifick matter is concocted To this purpose is chosen rain water then river water so that it be not muddy and then fountaine water the water of standing lakes and fennes is not approved of for it is fit that the water which is made choice of for a bath of sweet water should bee light and of subtle parts for baths of waters which are more than moderately hot or cold yeeld no such commodity but verily they hurt in this that they shut up or close the pores of the body and keepe in the fuliginous excrements under the skinne other bathes of sweet or fresh water consist of the same matter as fomentations doe whence it is that some of them relaxe others mitigate paine others cleanse and othersome procure the courses that is compounded of a decoction of ingredients or plants having such operations To these there is sometimes added wine other whiles oile sometimes fresh butter or milke as when the urine is stopped when nephriticke paines are violent when the nerves are contracted when the habite of the body wastes and wrinkles with a hecticke drynesse for this corrugation is amended by relaxing things but it is watred and as it were fatted by humecting things which may penetrate trans-fuse the oily or fatty humidity into the body thus rarified and opened by the warmnesse of a bath Anodine bathes are made of a decoction of medicines of a middle nature such as are temperate and relaxing things with which wee may also sometimes mixe resolving things they are boiled in water and wine especially in paines of the collicke proceeding from vitreous phlegme or grosse and thicke flatulencies conteined or shut up in the belly kidneyes or wombe In such bathes it is not fit to sweat but onely to sit in them so long untill the bitternesse of the paine be asswaged or mitigated lest the powers weakened by paine should bee more resolved by the breaking forth of sweat emollients are sometimes mixed with gentle detergents when as the skin is rough and cold or when the scailes or crust of scabs is more hard than usuall then in conclusion we must come to strong detersives and driers lastly to drying and somewhat astrictive medicines so to strengthen the skinne that it may not yeeld it selfe so easie and open to receive defluxions By giving you one example the whole manner of prescribing a bath may apppeare â„ž rad lilior albor bismalv an lb ii malv. pariet violar an m ss sem lini foenug bismalv an lb i. flor cham mclil aneth an p vi fiat decoctio in sufficienti aquae quantitate cui permiscito olei liliorum lini ana lb ii fiat balneum in quo diutius natet aeger Bathes though noble remedies approved by use and reason yet unlesse they bee fitly and discreetly used in time plenty and quality they doe much harme for they cause shakings and chilnesse paines density of the skinne or too much rarefaction thereof and oft times a resolution of all the faculties Wherefore a man must bee mindfull of these cautions before he enter a bath first that there be no weaknesse of any noble and principall bowell for the weak parts easily receive the humors which the bath hath diffused and rarified the waies lying open which tend from the whole body to the principall parts Neither must there be any plenty of crude humours in the first region for so they should be attracted and diffused over all the body therefore it is not onely sit that generall purgations should precede but also particular by the belly and urine besides the patient should bee strong that can fasting endure a bath as long as it is needfull Lastly the bath ought to be in a warme and silent place lest any cold aire by its blowing or the water by its cold appulse cause a shivering or shaking of the body whence a feaver may ensue The morning is a fit time for bathing the stomacke being fasting and empty or sixe hours after meat if it be requisite that the patient should bath twice a day other-wise the meat yet crude would bee snatched by the heate of the bath out of the stomacke into the veines and habite of the body Many of all the seasons of the yeere make choice of the spring and end of summer and in these times they chuse a cleare day neither troubled with stormy windes nor too sharpe an aire As long as the patient is in the bath it is fit that he take no meate unlesse peradventure to comfort him hee take a little bread moistened in wine or the juice of an orange or some damaske prunes to quench his thirst his strength will shew how long it is fit that he should stay in for he must not stay there to the resolution of his powers for in baths the humide and spirituous substance is much dissipated Comming forth of the bath they must presently get them to bed and be well covered that by sweating the excrements drawne unto the skinne by the heat of the bath may breake out the sweat cleansed let him use gentle frictions or walking then let him feede upon meat of good juice and easie digestion by reason that the stomacke cannot but be weakened in some sort by the bath That quantity of meat is judged moderate the weight whereof shall not oppresse the stomacke venery after bathing must not bee used because to the resolution of the spirits by the bath it addes another new cause of further spending or dissipating them Some wish those that use the bath by reason of some contraction paine or other affects of the nerves presently after bathing to dawbe or besmeare the affected nervous parts with the clay or mudde of the bathe that by making it up as it were in this paste the vertue of the bath may worke more effectually and may more throughly enter into the affected part These cautions being diligently observed there is no doubt but the profit by bathes will be great wonderfull the same things are to be observed in the use of Stoves or Hot-houses for the use and effect of baths and hot-houses is almost the same which the antients therefore used by turne so that comming forth of the bath they entred a stove and called it also by the name of a bath as you may gather from sundry places of Galen in his Methodus med wherefore I thinke it fit in the
the place before alledged to treate or dresse the diseased quickly safely and with the least of paine that is possible Let us come now to Reason NOw so it is that one cannot apply hot irons but with extreame and vehement paine in a sensible part void of a Gangreene which would be cause of a Convulsion Feaver yea oft times of death Moreover it would bee a long while afterwards before the poore patients were cured because that by the action of the fire there is made an eschar which proceeds from the subject flesh which being fallen nature must regenerate a new flesh in stead of that which hath beene burned as also the bone remaines discovered and bare and by this meanes for the most part there remaines an Vlcer incurable Moreover there is yet another accident It happeneth that oftentimes the crust being fallen off the flesh not being well renewed the blood issueth out as much as it did before But when they shall be tyed the ligature falls not off untill first the flesh have very well covered them againe which is prooved by Galen saying that escharoticke medicines which cause a crust or eschar whensoever they fall off leave the part more bare than the naturall habit requires For the generation of a crust proceeds from the parts subject and which are scituate round about it being also burned as I may say wherefore by how much the part is burnt by so much it looseth the naturall heate Then tell me when it is necessary to use escharoticke medicines or cautering irons T is when the flux of blood is caused by erosion or some Gangreene or putrifaction Now is it thus In fresh bleeding wounds there is neither Gangreene nor putrifaction Therefore the cauteries ought not to be there applyed And when the Ancients commanded to apply hot irons to the mouthes of the vessells it hath not beene onely to stay the flux of blood but cheefely to correct the malignitie or gangreenous putrifaction which might spoile the neighbouring parts And it must be here noted that if I had knowne such accidents to happen which you have declared in your booke in drawing and tying the vessells I had never beene twice deceived nor would I ever have left by my writings to posteritie such a way of stopping a flux of blood But I writ it after I had seene it done and did it very often with happy successe See then what may happen through your inconsiderate counsell without examining or standing upon the facility of tying the sayd vessells For see heere 's your scope and proposition to tye the vessells after amputation is a new remedy say you then it must not be used it is an ill argument for a Doctor But as for that say you one must use fire after the amputation of members to consume and drie the putrifaction which is a common thing in Gangreenes and mortifications that indeed hath no place here because the practise is to amputate the part above that which is mortified and corrupted as Celsus writes and commands to make the amputation upon the sound part rather than to leave any whit of the corrupted I would willingly aske you if when a veine is cut transverse and that it is very much retracted towards the originall whether you would make no conscience to burne till that you had found the orifice of the veine or artery and if it be not more easie onely with a Crow bill to pinch and draw the vessell and so tie it In which you may openly shew your ignorance and that you have your minde seised with much rancor and choler We daily see the ligature of the vessells practised with happy successe after the amputation of a part which I will now verifie by experiences and histories of those to whom the said ligature hath beene made and persons yet living Experiences THe 16. day of Iune 1582. in the presence of Master Iohn Liebaud doctor in the faculty of Physicke at Paris Claud Viard sworne Chirurgion Master Mathurin Huron Chirurgion of Monsieur de Souvray and I Iohn Charbonell master Barbes Chirurgion of Paris well understanding the Theoricke and Practicke of Chirurgery did with good dexterity amputate the left legge of a woman tormented the space of three yeares with extreame paine by reason of a great Caries which was in the bone Astragal Cyboides great and little focile and through all the nervous parts through which she feit extreame and intollerable paines night and day she is called Mary of Hostel aged 28 yeares or thereabouts wife of Peter Herve Esquire of the Kitchin to the Lady Duchesse of Vzez dwelling in the streete of Verbois on the other side Saint Martin in the fields dwelling at the signe of the Saint Iohns head where the sayd Charbonell cut off the sayd legge the breadth of foure large fingers below the Knee and after that he had incised the flesh and sawed the bone hee griped the Veine with the Crow bill then the Artery then tyed them from whence I protest to God which the company that were there can witnesse that in all the operation which was sodainely done there was not spilt one porrenger of blood and I bid the sayd Charbonell to let it bleed more following the precept of Hippocrates that it is good in all wounds and also in inveterate ulcers so let the blood runne by this meanes the part is lesse subject to inflammation The sayd Charbonell continued the dressing of her who was cured in two moneths without any fluxe of blood happening unto her or other ill accident and she went to see you at your lodging being perfectly cured Another history of late memory of a singing man of our Ladyes Church named master Colt who broke both the bones of his legge which were crusht in divers peeces insomuch that there was no hope of cure to withstand a gangreene and mortification and by consequence death Monsieur Helin Doctor Regent in the faculty of Physicke a man of honour and of good knowledge Claud Viard and Simon Peter sworne Chirurgions of Paris men well exercised in Chirurgery and Balthazar of Lestre and Leonard de Leschenal Master Barber Chirurgions well experimented in the operations of Chirurgery were all of opinion to withstand the accidents aforesayd to make entire amputation of the whole legge a little above the broken shivered bones the torne nerves veines arteries the operation was nimbly done by the sayd Viard and the blood stancht by the ligature of the vessells in the presence of the sayd Helin and master Tonsard great Vicar of our Ladyes Church and was continually drest by the sayd Lescheâ—al and I went to see him other whiles he was happily cured without the application of hot irons and walketh lustily on a woodden legge Another History IN the yeare 1583. the 10. day of December Toussaint Possoâ— borne at Ronieville at this present dwelling at Beauvais neare Dourdan having his Legge all
Causes thereof ibid. differences 280. Which not to be cured ibid. The cure if not ulcerated ibid. Cure if ulcerated 281. Topicke medicines to be thereto applyed 282 Cancer or Canker in a childs mouth how to be helped 905 Cannons see Guns Cantharides their malignitie and the helpe thereof 799. Applyed to the head they ulcerate the bladder 800 Capons subject to the Gout 707 Carbuncles whence their originall 817. Why so called together with their nature causes and signes 857. prognostickes ibid. cure 859 Caries ossium 371 Carpiflexores musculi 222 Carpitensores musculi 221 Cartilago scutiformis vel enâ—iformis 136 Caruncles their causes figures and cure 742. Other wayes of cure 744 Cases their forme and use 560 Caspilly a strange Fish 69 Catagmaticke pouders 363 Catalogue of Medicines and Instruments for their preparation 1109 1110 c. Of Chirurgicall Instruments 1113 1114 Cataplasmes their matter and use 1062 Catarractes where bred 184. Their differences causes c. 651. Their cure at the beginning ibid. The couching of them 653 Catarrhe sometimes maligne and killing many 821 Cathareticke medicines 1046 Cats their poysonous quality and the Antipathy betweene some men and them 804 Causticke medicines their nature and use 1046 1047 Cauteries actual ones preferred before potentiall 749. Their severall formes 749 750 751. Their use 741. Their force against venemous bites 784. Potentiall ones 1064 Cephale what 243 Cephalica vena 210 Cephalicke pouders how composed 752 Cerats what their differences 1508 Ceratum oesypi ex Philagrio 1060 Cerusse the poysonous quality thereof and the cure 810 Certificates in sundry cases 1129 Chalazion an affect of the eyelid 642 Chamelion his shape â—nd nature 1024 Chance sometimes exceedes Art 49. Finds out remedies 409 Change of native temper how it happens 18 Chaphs or Chops occasicned by the Lues venerea and the cure 754. In divers parts by other meanes and their cure 957 Charcoale causeth suffocation 1125 Chemosis an affect of the Eye-lids 647 Chest and the parts thereof 136. Why partly gristly partly bony ibid. The division thereof 137. The wounds thereof 388. Their cure 389. They easily degenerate into a Fistula 391 Child whether alive or dead in the wombe 913. If dead then how to be extracted 914 915 Children why like their fathers and grand-fathers 888. Borne without a passage in the fundament 898. Their site in the wombe 900 901. When and how to bee weaned 913. Their paine in breeping teeth 959. They may have impostumes in their mothers wombe 594 Child-birth and the cause thereof 899. The naturall unnaturall time thereof 901 women have no certaine time ibid. Signes it is at hand 902. What 's to be done after it 904 China root the preparation and use thereof 730 Chirurgery see Surgery Chirurgion see Surgion Choler the temper thereof 11. The nature consistance colour taste and use 13. The effects thereof 15. Not naturall how bred and the kinds thereof 16 Cholericke persons their habite of bodie manners and diseases 17. They cannâ—t long brooke fasting 707 Chorion what 132 Chylus what 12 Cirsocele a kind of Rupture c. 304. The cure 312 Cinnamon and the water thereof 1105 Chavicle see Collar-bone Cleitoris 130 Clyster when presently to bee given after bloodletting 262. See Glyster Coates common coate of the Muscles the substance quantity c. thereof 91. Of the eyes 182. Of the wombe 132 Cockatrice see Basiliske Cockes are kingly and martiall birds 66 Colchicum the poysonous quality thereof and the cure 866 Collicke and the kinds thereof c. 689 Colon. 106 Collar-bones or Clavicles their History 138 139. Their fracture 568. How to helpe it ibid. Their dislocation and cure 601 Collyria what their differences use 1067 Colour is the bewrayer of the temperament 28 Columella see Vvula Combustions and their differences 449. their cure 450 Common sense what 896 Comparison betweene the bigger and lesser world 761 Complexus musculus 201 Composition of medicines the necessity thereof 1099 Compresses see Bolsters Concoction fault of the first concoction not mended in the after 707 Concussion of the Braine 350. how helped 376 Condylomata what they are and their cure 957 Conformation the faults thereof must bee speedily helped 904 Congestion two tauses thereof 250 Contusions what their causes 442. Their generall cure ibid. How to be handled if joyned with a wound 445. How without a wound ib. how kept from gangrening 446 Contusions of the ribs 447. Their cure 634 Convulsion the kinds and causes thereof 329 the cure 330 331. Why on the contrary part in wounds of the head 357 Convulsive twitching in broken members and the cause thereof 586 Conies have taught the art of undermining 66 Cornea tunica 183 Corone what 243 Coronalis vena 112 Corroborating medicines 270 Cotyle what 243 Cotyledones what 129 891 Courses how to provoke them 863 948. How to stop them 864 951 952. The reason of their name 945. Their causes 946. causes of their suppression 947. What symptomes follow thereon 948 symptomes that follow their immoderate flowing 951 Crabs 69 Crampe the cause and cure thereof 722 Cranes observe order in flying and keepe watch 67 Cremaster muscles 120 Cridones what disease and the cure 319 Crocodiles may be tamed 76 Crookednesse how helped 876 Crurall veine 224. Artery 223 Crureus musculus 232 Crus how taken 223 Crystallinus humor 184 Cubit the bones and muscles thereof 217 Cubit-bones the fracture of them 555 Cuboides os 234 Cupping glasses and their use 694. Their use in the cure of a Bubo 853 Cures accidentall and strange 49 50. Deceitfull 51 Custome how forcible 33 Cuticle the matter quantity figure c. thereof 88 Cuttell-fish his craft 68 Cysticae gemellae 112 D. Dartos 119 Death the inevitable cause thereof 41. How suddaine to many 778 Definition of Chirurgery 3 Definition how different from a description 80 Defluxion of humor show diverted 256 Delirium the causes thereof 334. The cure 335 Deliverance in Child-birth how furthered 903. Which difficult 921. Which easie ib. Deltoides musculus 216 Dentifrices their differences matter and for me 1071 Depilatories 1182 Derma 89 Detersives 259. 1043. Their use ibid. Devills and their differences 986. Their titles and names 987. They are terrified and angred by divers things 990 Devill of the Sea 1004 Diabete what the causes signes and cure 688 Diaphoreticke medicines 140 Diaphragma see Midriffe Why called Phrenes 142 Diaphysis what 231 Diary feaver the causes and signes 260. The cure 261 Diarthrosis 242 Die-bone 234 Diet hath power to alter or preserve the temperament 28 Diet convenient for such as have the Gout 707. For such as feare the stone 667. In prevention of the Plague 822. In the cure thereof 839 840 841 Differences of muscles 92 93 Digitum flexores musculi 222 237. 238 Digitum tensores musculi 221 237 Diploe what 163 Disease the definition and division thereof 41. Causes ibid. Diseases strange and monstrom 49 Diseases incident to sangnine cholericke phlegmaticke and melancholicke
of the vessels An admonitioÌ„ The 4. way dy Escharoticks The 5. way by cutting off the vessels Paines weakens the body and causes defluxious Divers Anodines or medicines to asswage paine What a Convulsion is Three kinds of an universal Convulsion Three causes of a convulsion Causes of Repletion Causes of Inanition Aph. 26. sec 2. Causes of convulsion by consent of paine Signes of a convulsion The cause of a Convulsion by Repletion The cure of a Convulsion caused by inanition An Emolient Liniment for any Convulsion An Emolient and humecting Bath The cure of a Convulsion by a puncture or bite A worthy Alexâ—pharmacâ—… or Antidote You must hinder the locking of the teeth What a Palsie is The differences thereof How it differs from a Convulsion The causes It is good for a feaver to happen upon a Palsie The decoctioÌ„ of Guaiacumis good for a Palsie Things actually hotegood for to be applied to paraliticke meÌ„bera Leon. Faventi his ointment An approved ointment for the Palsie A distilled water good to wash them outwardly to drinke inwardly Exercises and frictions Chymicall oyles What Sowning is Three causes of sowning The cure of sowning caused by dissipation of spirits The cure of sowning caused by a venenate aire The cure of Sowning caused by oppression and obstruction What a Symptomaticall Delirium is The causes thereof Why the brain suffers with the midriffe The Cure The differences of a brokeÌ„ head The kinds of a broken Scul out of Hippocrates Differences from their quantity Differences from their figure From their complication The externall causes Rationall causes Aphor. 50. sec 6. Lib. 8 cap. 4. Hippocrates and Guidoes conjecturall fignes of a broken scull Sensible signes of a broken scull before the dividing of the skinne Lib. de vuluere cap. What a probe must be used in searching for a fracture Lib. 5. Epid. in Autonomus of Omsium Hipcrates was deceized by the futures Vpon what occasion the hairy sealpe must be cut Celsus Hippocrater The manner how to pull the hairiesealp from the broken scull The manner to binde a vessell in case of too much bleeding A History A way to finde a fracture in the scull when it presents not it selfe to the view at the first A signe that both the Tables are broken You may use the Trepan after the tenth day It it sufficient in a simple fissure to dilate it with your Scalpri onely and not to Trepan it What an Ecchymosis is How 〈◊〉 contusion of the scull must be cured What a contusion is What an Effracture is The causes of Effractures The cure Hip. lib. do â—ulâ— cap. Gal. sib 6. meth cap. 〈◊〉 A History What a seate is The cure Lib. 8. cap. 4. A History What a Resonitus is Lib. 6. cap. 90. In whom this fracture may take place in diverse bones of the scull A History The Resonitus may be in the same bone of the scull A History Why Hippocrates set dovvne no way to cure a Resonitus The manner to know when the scull is fractured by a Resonitus Gal. lib. 2. de comp medic cap. 6. Com. ad Aph. 58 sect 7. Lib. 5. Epidem The vessels of the braine broken by the commotion thereof signes Celsus The cause of vomiting when the head is wounded Aphor. 14 sect 7 A History What was the necessary cause of the death of King Henry the second of France A History A History Why some die of small wounds and others recover of great Hippoc. de vul cap. Whether the wounds of children or old people are better to heale Aph. 15. sect 1. Aphor. 65 sect 5 Aph. 47 sect 2. Wounds which are dry rough livide and black are evill The signes of a feaver caused by an Erysipelas Why an Erysipelas chiefely assailes the face The cure of an Erysipelas on the face Why oyly things must not be used in an Erysipelas of the face Aph. 25. sect 6 Deadly signes in wounds of the head A convulsion is caused by drynesse A twofold cause of convulsisieke drynesse Lib. 4. de usu partium Opinion of Champhius The signes of a deadly wound from the depraved faculties of the minde From habite of the body From the time that such signes appears Celsus lib. 8. câ— 4. When the patients are out of danger The patient must beware of cold How the ayre ought to be Aphor. 18. sect 〈◊〉 Lib. 2 de usâ— part ca. 2. The Aire though in summer is colder than the braine The discommodities of too much light What his drink must be Almonds encrease the paine of the head What fish he may eate Aphor 13. 14 sect 1. Aphor. 15 sect 2 Why sleepe upon the day-time is good for the braine being enflamed Lib. 2. Epidem The discommodities ensuing immoderate Watching Gal. Meth. 13. Medicinâ—s procuring sleepe The commodities of sleepe Lib. 4. Meth. Lib. de cur per sanguâ—… Miss The use of Fractures A History The two chiefe Indications in blood letting The discommoditis of venery in vvounds of the head Hovv hurtfull noyse is to the fractures of the scull A History Of a simple wound of the flesh and the skinne A degestive medicine A sarcoticke Medicine An Epuloticke A History What things we must observe in sovveing When we must not let blood in wounds A History The bitings of man and beasts are venenate Theriacall 〈…〉 picke Medicines A Cordiall Epithema The cure of the Hairy scalpe when it is contused A repelling medicine A discussing Fomentation Ceratum de Minio Detersive or clensing medicines Why the Pericranium hath such exquisite sense Gal. 6. Meth. The bones are offended with the application of humide things Lib. dei ulcer 〈◊〉 6. Math. Vigoes Cerate good for a broken scull A liniment good against convulsions Gal. 4. Meth. How farre humide things are good for a fractured scull Why Cephalicke or Catagmaticke pouders are good When to used How to be mixed when trey are to bee applyed to the Meninges Why a repelling Ligature cannot be used in fractures of the Scull How the patient must be placed when you Trepan him What to be done before the application of the Trepan The harme the bone receives by being heated with the Trepan What things hasten these ailing of the bone The bone must not be forcibly scailed A caution in Trepaning A safe and convenient Trepan The use of a Leaden Mallet Why a Trepan must not be applyed to the sutures Why two Trepans are to be used to a fractured suture A bone almost severed from the scull must not be Trepaned A notable cavitie in the forehead bone Lib. de â—ul câ— A rule out of Hippocrates What discommodities arise from cutting the temporall muscle A history A history The generation of a Fungus Why when the scull is broken the bones sometimes become foule or rotten The signes of foulenesse of the bone Corrupt bones are sometimes hard The benefit of a vulnerary potion A History A great falling away of a corrupt bone Aph. 45. Sect. 6 The
oyntment for a scalled head The cure of a crusty scall A poultis of Cresses Lib. 7. simpl A plaister to pluck away the haire at once The cure of an ulcerous scall A contumacious scall must be cured as we cure the Lues Venerea What the Vertigo is and the causes thereof The signeâ— Lib. 6. A criticall Vertigo The differences In what kind of Megrim the opening of an Artery is good A historie No danger in opening an artery Differences Paul Aegin lib. 8. cap. 6. The cause The cure Paulus Aegin lib. 6. cap. 10. The cure Ectropion or the turning up or out of the Eye-lid Paul cap. 16. lib. 6. The cure What Hydatis is Com. ad aphor 55. sect 7. The cure Paulus cap. 15. lib. 6. The cause The cure A disease subject to relapse A detergent collyrium You need not feare to use acride medicines in the itching of the eye-lids Lib. 2. cap. 4. fract 3. What lippitudo is A Collyrium of vitrioll to stay the defluxions of the eyes What Ophthalmia is and the causes thereof Signes The cure Com. ad aphor 31. sect 6. Lib. 13. meth cap. ult An percussive medicine Astringent emplasters An anodine cataplasme The efficacy of Bathes in pains of the eyes Adaphor sect 7. Detergent Colllicia The cause The cure The Atrophia of the eye The Phihisis thereof Lib. 3. cap. 22. Theâ—…sis â—…sis Paulus li. 3. cap. What Web curable and what incurable The cure The cutting of the Web. The use of the glandule at the greater corner of the eye The differences Periodicall and Typicall Fistulaes The cure The efficacy of an actuall cautery Things to be done after the cauterizing What a Staphiloma is and the causes thereof Paulus and Aetim Every Staphiloma infers incurable blindness The cause Lib. 4. method cap. ult The cause The cure A digesting Cataplasme A Cataract The differences Causes Signes Diet for such as are troubled with a Cataract Bread seasoned with fennell seeds How bright shining things may dissipart a beginning Cataract A Collyrium dissipating a beginning Cataract A Cataract must not be couched unless it be ripe Uncurable Cataracts Curable Cataracts When to couch a Cataract The place The needle Gal. lib. 10. de usts partium cap. 5. Cels lib. 7. The signe of a Cataract well couched Lib. 6. cap. 21. What to be done after the couching of a Cataract Of a Cataract which is broken to pieces The cause The cure The concussive force of sneesing The cure different according to the places where they sticke The Tooth ach a most cruell paine The cause thereof Signes of this or that defluxion Three scopes of curing A cold repercussive lotion for the mouth Trochisces for a hot defluxion Narcoticks Hot fumes Vesicatories Causticks Causes of loosnesse of the teeth A History The causes of hollow teeth The cure Causes of wormes in the teeth Causes of setting the teeth an edge A caveat in drawing of teeth Lib. 7. cap. 18. The maner of drawing teeth What to be done when the tooth is plukt out Causes of foule or rusty teeth The cure A caution in the use of acride things A water to whiten the teeth The cause of being tongue-tied The cure Another way to cut it The differences The cure of nailes running into the flesh of the fingers How to take off the cornes of the fingers The cause The cure The causes The cure The cause The cure Such as are borne without a hoâ—… their fundâ—… are not long lived Why children are subject to the stone in the bladder The cause Why the thigh iâ—…â—umme in the stone of the reines Signes of the stone in the bladder Why such as have a stone in the bladder are troubled with the falling of the fundament How to searâ—n for the stonein the bladder with a Cathaeter The figure of the necke of the bladder is different in men and women How death may ensue by the suppression of the urine Why stones of the kidneys have sundry shapes Why men are more subject to to the stone than women What stones caâ—… taken out of the bladdes without killing the patient What diet such must use as fear the stone Lib. 13. method A lenitive and lubricating syrupe A diuretick Apozâ—me A diâ—â—etick and â—…h A diuâ—etick powder The lye made of the ashes of beane stalkes a diuâ—etick Anodine glisters in the stone Remedies against the stone of the kidnies comming from a cold cause Carminative glisters Signes of the stone stopping in the ureter Remedies 〈…〉 force â—own the stone sticking in the ureter A decoction for a bath An Anodine Cataplasme Signes of the stone fallen out of the ureter into the bladder When the yard may besafely cut An agglutinative medicine how to hasten the agglutination Why the boy must be shaken before cutting How to place the child before dissection Where to divide the perinaeum Nature very powerfull in children Generall rules must be reduced to particular bodies What to bee done before dissection How to lay the patient Why the probe must be â—it on the out-side Why the sâ—ame of the perinaeum must not be cut Where to make the wound to take forth the stone That which is torne is sooner healed than that which is cut A note of more stones than one How to cleanse the bladder How to break a stone that cannot be taken out whole and at once Of sewing the wound when the stone is taken forth A repercussive medicine Remedies for the Cod lest it gangrenate What things hasten the union How to make a fresh wound of an old ulcer What to doe in want of a stay How to search for the stone in women In suppression of the urine we must not presently fly to diureticks Why the too long holding the urine causeth the suppression therof A history A history A history How the pus may flow from the wounded arme by the urine and excrements 〈◊〉 de â—ac affect â— cap. 4. Why the dislocation of a vertebra of the loins may cause a suppression of urine Why the suppression of the urine becomes deadly A feaver following thereon helps the suppression of urine The differences Causes Signes of what causes they proceed Cure Why the matter which flows from the kidneyes is lesse stinking than that which flowes from the bladder Differences Why ulcers of the bladder are cured with more difficulty Scopes of curing To what suppression of the urine diureticks must not be used To which and when to be used A diureticke water Why the use of diuretickes is better after bathing To cleanse the ulcers of the kidneyes and bladder Trochisces to heale the ulcers of the kidneies Drinke in stead of wine What Diabete is The causes Signes Why the urines are watrish The cure Narcoticke things to be applyed to the loines What the Strangury is The causes Com. ad aphor 15. sect 3. Adaphor 48. sect 7. What Ileos or iliaca passâ—o is What 〈◊〉 passio or the Cholickâ—â—s Lib. 3. Lib. 3. c. 43. The manner
the decoction ought to be performed with a dry heat Whether it bee fit to adde purges to a decoction of Guajacum Hip. aph ult sect 6. How and in what quantity this decoction must be taken How to dry the sweat of the body The manner of diet To whom and what manner of wine may be allowed The description of China The preparation Of sarsaparilla When the body must be prepared with humecting things before unction How to kill argentum vivum What to mixe therewith An unction with argentum vivum Another How to make it How to prepare the hogs-grease before you mixe the argentum vivum therewith Cold most hurtfull to such as are troubled with the Lues 〈…〉 The patient if it may be conveniently done must be anointed fasting In what places the body must be anointed Where to begin the unction What it is that maketh the art of Physick conjecturall Who must be rubbed over once who twice in a day and who but every other day Lib. de venae sect Nature is not sufficiently able to expell the virulent matter Signes that the crisis is nigh Inconveniences following upon immoderate unctions For what persons a purging decoction of Guajacum is good The cure of a Dysentery occasioned by too strong friction The cure by emplasters more slow In what case they are chiefly usefull The description of an emplaster What excretion best in this disease To avoyd the ulcers of the mouth To cure them Reestrictive repelling gargarismes To dry the ulcers of the mouth Manner of diet when the mouth is ulcerated To make their drinke nourishing The hurt that followes upon fumigations What fumigations good The common manner of using them The matter of them Trochisces for fumigations The ulcers of the prâ—puce more maligne than those of the Glans Lanfrancke Collyrium * This which by our Author is here termed 〈…〉 viâ—ulent 〈…〉 in Frâ—ch chaudeâ—â—sse is the same which by other Authors is usually termed 〈…〉 What a virulent strangury is The cause of the convulsive distension of the â—ard 〈…〉 definit 〈…〉 Galen What kind of matter floweth forth in a virulent strangury The cause of a particular repletion of the privie parts The causes of the inanition of the genitall parts The reason of a contagious strangury A virulent strangurie continues with some during their lives A history From what part the matter of a virulent strangury flowes Diet. For a strangury occasioned by repletion For the decay of the retentive faculty Diet. Pillâ— The force of Venice turpentine in this disease How to bee made potable An injection to stay inflammation The faculties of milke against a virulent strangury How to make water without paine Detergent injections How the cleansed ulcers may be dryed How caruncles come to grow upon the ulcers of the genitall parts Callous caruncle hard to cure Signes The supprest urine comes forth whereas it can get vene The fittest time for the cure Why venery must be eschewed The particular cure A fomentation A cataplasme A littiment Vigoes emplaster effectuall to soften a caruncle A suffumigium Ad Glauc lib. 2. cap. 5. Particular defaults of the Lues 〈◊〉 not to be cured unlesse by the generallremedy of the viruleney Caruncles if callous must first be softened A pouder to waste caruncles How to apply it An injection to hinder inflammation An emplaster used by the Surgeons of Monipelier for Caruncles Another emplaster How to apply it A caution 〈◊〉 making water Signes that the Caruncle is worne away An epuloticke injection Quicksilver by drying causeth cicatrication The efficient and materiall causes of venereous Bubo's What Bubo's foretell the Lues venerea Cupping A potentiall Cautery The matter of knots and virulent Tophi An emplaster against the bunching out of the bones Gal. meth 6. The frequent cause of the rottennesse of bones Hip. lib. de ulc fract Gal. lib. de tum cont nat Signes of the rottennesse Hardnesse is no infallible signe of sound bones The cure of a rotten bone A catagmatick powder A desquamatory or scailing pâ—aiâ—er Dios 3. cap 78. Signes that the rottennesse is taken away Actuall Cauteries to be preferred before potentiall Potentiall Cauteries Manner of applying of Cauteries Oile of whelpes helps forwards the casting off of scailes A caution in moving the scailes of burnt bones Cephalick pouders of what composed The use of vulnerary potions The forme of a vulnerary potion In what time of the disease they are chiefly to be used Signes of the new bred disease The cure of newly come Tetters A water drying virulent tetters The cure of old tetters A Fumigation A Liniment The cure A treacle water The manner of making it Rondeletius his Treacle water What the small pockes and Meazles are Their matter Why the Meazles doe not itch Prognostickes A historie What grievous and pernitious symptomes may happen by the small pockes The cure The child must have no pappe How sound sleepe doth harme in this disease Of purging bleeding and sudorifickes A history A sudorificke decoction When it is best to procure sweat How to defend the eyes When the eyes mustâ—… be de fended by repercussives onely How to defend the nose How the mouth How the lungs How to prevent pock-arres Remedies for excoriation For the ulcers of the mouth and jawes To help the unsighrly scars of the face A comparison between the bigger and lesser world The generation of wind in mans body Of water Of stones Of fruits from the first conformation Lib. de morh inter cap. I. Lib. 5. de part morbis cap. 7. A history A historie Nicolaus Flor. Gord. lib. 7. c. 18. Lib. error popul Lib. de occuls nat mir cap. 8. Lib. de divinis natur charactcrismis A historie A historie The efficient materiall auses of such things as are pretematurally generated in our bodies How worms are generated The reason that they sometimes come forth at the mouth The differences of worms A history A history In observat In what places of the belly wormes are generated Ad finem lib. 4. de morbis Signes of wormes in the small guts Signes of wormes in the great guts Signes of Ascarides Why wormes of divers coloures are more dangerous The generall indications of curing he wormes Wherefore and wherewith such as have the wormes must be purged Harts-horne good against the wormes Suppositories against the Ascarides A plaster against the wormes A caution A feaver sometimes a symptome and sometimes a disease Lib. 4. cap. 1. Lib. 2. cap. 11. There is a certaine hidden virulency in the Leprosie The primitive cause of a Leprosie How they may be leprous from their first conformation The antecedent cause of a Leprosie The conjunct cause How it comes to be deadly The beginning of a Leprosie The encrease The state The declension The first signe of the Leprosie II. IIII. Why it is called morbus leoninus V. VI. VII VIII IX X. XI XII XIII XIIII XV. XVI XVII XVIII XIX XX. Why their faces seeme to
their figures that you may use either as occasion shall serve The Figure of Pipes with fenestels in them and Needles fit for Sutures The second Suture is made just after the same manner as the Skinners sowe their â—els or forrs And the guts must be sowed with this kind of Suture if they shall be at any time wounded that the excrements come not forth by the wound The third Suture is made by one or more needles having threed in them thrust through the wound the threed being wrapped to and againe at the head and the point of the needle as boyes use to fasten their needle for feare of losing it in their caps or clothes This kind of Suture is fit in the curing and healing of Hare-lips as we shall shew you hereafter expressed by a Figure The fourth kind of Suture is tearmed Gastroraphia invented for the restoring and uniting the great Muscles of the Epigastrium or lower belly cut with a great wound together with the Peritonaeum lying under them The manner whereof we will shew in due place The fifth kind is called the Dry Suture which we use onely in the wounds of the face which also we will describe in its proper place CHAP. VII Of the Flux of blood which usually happens in wounds OFt times great bleeding followes upon wounds by reason of some vessell cut broken or torne which there is neede to heale and helpe diligently because the blood is the treasure of nature without which life cannot consist The Blood which floweth from an Artery is thus knowne It is more subtile it runs forth as it were leaping by reason of the vitall spirit contained together with it in the Arteries On the contrary that which floweth from a Veine is more grosse blacke and slow Now there are many wayes of stenching blood The first and most usuall is that by which the lips of the wound are closed and unlesse it be somewhat deepe are contained by Medicines which have an astringent cooling drying and glutinous faculty As terrae sigill Boli Armeni ana â„¥ ss thuris Mastichis Myr hae Aloes ana Ê’ ij Farinae volat molend â„¥ j. Fiat pulvis qui albumine ovi excipiatur r Or â„ž Thuris Aloes ana partes aequales Let them bee mixt with the white of an Egge and the downe of a hare and let the pledgets bee dipped in these Medicines as well those which are put unto the wound as those which are applied about it Then let the wound be bound up with a double clop and fit Ligature and the part bee so seated as may seeme the least troublesome and most free from paine But if the blood cannot be stayed by this meanes when you have taken off all that covereth it you shall presse the wound and the orifice of the Vessell with your thumbe so long untill the blood shall bee concrete about it into so thick a clott as may stop the passage But if it cannot be thus staied then the Suture if any be must be opened and the mouth of the Vessell towards the originall or roote must bee taken hold of and bound with your needle and threed with as great a portion of the flesh as the condition of the part will permit For thus I have staid great bleedings even in the amputation of members as I shall shew in fit place To performe this worke wee are often forced to divide the skin which covereth the wounded Vessell For if the Iugular veine or Artery be cut it will contract and withdraw it selfe upwards and down-wards Then the skinne it selfe must bee laid open under which it lieth and thrusting a needle and threed under it it must be bound as I have offen done But before you loose the knot it is fit the flesh be growne up that it may stop the mouth of the Vessell least it should then bleed But if the condition of the part shall be such as may forbid this comprehension and binding of the Vessell we must come to Escharoticks such as are the powder of burnt Vitriol the powder of Mercury with a small quantity of burnt Allume and Cawsticks which cause an Escar The falling away of which must be left to Nature and not procured by art least it should fall away before that the orifice of the Vessel shall be stopt with the flesh or clotted blood But some times it happens that the Chirurgion is forced wholly to cut off the vessell it selfe that thus the ends of the cut vessell withdrawing themselves and shrincking upwards and downewards being hidden by the quantity of the adjacent and incompassing parts the fluxe of blood which was before not to bee staid may bee stopped with lesse labour Yet this is an extreame remedy and not to bee used unlesse you have in vaine attempted the former CHAP. VIII Of the paine which happens upon wounds THe paines which followes upon wounds ought to be quickly aswaged because nothing so quickly dejects the powers and it alwayes causes a defluxion of how good soever a habite and temper the body be of for Nature ready to yeeld assistance to the wounded part alwayes sends more humours to it than are needfull for the nourishment thereof whereby it comes to passe that the defluxion is easily encreased either by the quantity or quality or by both Therefore to take away this paine the author of defluxion let such Medicines bee applyed to the part as have a repelling and mitigating faculty as â„ž Olei Myrtini Rosarum ana â„¥ ij Cerae alb â„¥ j. Farinae hordei â„¥ ss Boli armeni terra sigillat ana Ê’ vj. Melt the Waxe in the Oyles then incorporate all the rest and according to Art make a Medicine to be applyed about the part or â„ž Emplast Diacalcith â„¥ iv Ole Rosar aceti ana â„¥ ss liquefiant simul and let a Medicine be made for the fore mentioned use Irrigations of oyle of Roses and Mirtiles with the white of an Egge or a whole Egge added thereto may serve for lenitives if there be no great inflammation Rowlers and double cloathes moistened in Oxycrate will be also convenient for the same purpose But the force of such Medicines must be often renewed for when they are dryed they augment the paine But if the paine yeld not to these we must come to narcoticke Medicines such as are the Oyle of Poppy of Mandrake a Caraplasme of Henbane and Sorrell adding thereto Mallowes and Marsh-mallows of which we spoke formerly in treating of a Phlegmon Lastly we must give heed to the cause of the paine to the kind and nature of the humour that flowes down and to the way which Nature affects for according to the variety of these things the Medicines must be varied as if heat cause paine it will be aswaged by application of cooling things and the like reason observed in the contrary if Nature intend suppuration you must helpe forwards
its endeavours with suppurating Medicines CHAP. IX Of Convulsion by reason of a wound A Convulsion is an unvoluntary contraction of the Muscles as of parts moveable at our pleasure towards their originall that is the Braine and Spinall Marrow for by this the Convulsed member or the wholle body if the Convulsion be universall cannot be moved at our pleasure Yet motion is not lost in a Convulsion as it is in a Palsie but it is onely depraved and because sometimes the Convulsion possesseth the whole body otherwhiles some part thereof you must note that there are three kinds of Convulsions in Generall The first is called by the Greekes Tetanos when as the whole body growes stiffe like a stake that it cannot be moved any way The second is called Opisthotanos which is when as the whole body is drawn backwards The third is termed Emprosthotonos which is when the whole body is bended or crooked forwards A particular Convulsion is when as the Muscle of the Eye Tongue and the like parts which is furnished with a Nerve is taken with a Convulsion Repletion or Inanition Sympathy or consent of paine cause a Convulsion Abundance of humours cause Repletion dulling the body by immoderate eating and drinking and omission of exercise or any accustomed evacuation as suppression of the Hemorrhoids and Courses for hence are such like excrementions humours drawne into the Nerves with which they being replete and filled are dilated more than is fit whence necessarily becoming more short they suffer Convulsion Examples whereof appeare in Leather and Lute or Viol-strings which swolne with moysture in a wet season are broken by repletion Immoderate vomitings fluxes bleedings cause Inanition or Emptinesse wherefore a Convulsion caused by a wound is deadly as also by burning feavers For by these and the like causes the inbred and primigeneous humidity of the Nerves is wasted so that they are contracted like leather which is shrunke up by being held too neere the fire or as fidle strings which dryed with Summers heat are broken with violence such a Convulsion is incurable For it is better a Feaver follow a Convulsion than a Convulsion a Feaver as we are taught by Hippocrates so that such a Feaver bee proportionall to the strength of the convulsifique cause and the Convulsion proceede from Repletion for the abundant and grosse humour causing the Convulsion is digested and wasted by the feaverish heat The causes of a Convulsion by reason of paine are either the puncture of a Nerve whether it be by a thing animall as by the biting of a venemous beast or by a thing inanimate as by the prick of a needle thorne or pen-knife or great and piercing cold which is hurtfull to the wounds principally of the nervous parts whereby it comes to passe that by causing great and bitter paine in the nerves they are contracted towards their originall that is the Braine as if they would crave succour from their parents in their distressed estate Besides also an ill vapour carried to the braine from some putrefaction so vellicateth it that contracting it selfe it also contracteth together with it all the Nerues and Muscles as we see it happeneth in those which have the falling sicknesse By which it appeares that not onely the braine itselfe suffereth together with the Nerves but also the Nerves with the Braine The signes of a Convulsion are difficult painefull and depraved motions either of some part or of the whole body turning aside of the Eyes and whole Face a Contraction of the Lippes a drawing in of the Cheekes as if one laughed and an Vniversall sweat CHAP. X. The cure of a Convulsion THe cure of a Convulsion is to bee varied according to the variety of the Convulsive cause for that which proceeds from Repletion must be other-wise cured than that which is caused by Inanition and that which proceeds of paine otherwise than eyther of them For that which is caused by Repletion is cured by discussing and evacuating Medicines as by diet conveniently appointed by purging bleeding digestive locall Medicines exercise frictions sulphurious Baths and other things appointed by the prescription of some learned Physition which shall oversee the cure which may consume the superfluous and excrementitious humours that possesse the substance of the Nerves and habit of the body The locall remedies are Oyles Vnguents and Liniments with which the Neck Back-bone and all the contracted parts shall be annointed The Oyles are the Oyle of Foxes Bayes Camomill Wormes Turpentine of Costus of Castorcum The Oyntments are Vnguentum Arragon Agrippae de Althaea Martiatum This may be the forme of a Liniment ℞ Olei Chamaem Laurin ana ℥ ij Olei Vulp ℥ j. Vnguenti de Althaea Marti an ℥ ss Axungiae vulpis ℥ j. Aquae vitae ℥ j. ss Cerae quantum sufficit Make a Liniment for your use or ℞ Olei Lumbric de Spica de Castoreo ana ℥ iij. Axng. hum ℥ j. Sulphuris vivi ℥ ss Cerae quantū sufficit Make a Liniment or ℞ Vnguenti Martiati Agrip. an ℥ iij. Olei de Terebinth ℥ j. ss Olei Salvia ℥ ss Aquae vitae ℥ j. Cerae ℥ j. ss fiat linimentum But this disease is cured by slender diet and sweating with the Decoctions of Guiacum because by these remedies the grosse tough and viscide excrements which are in fault are digested A Convulsion proceeding of Inanition is to be cured by the use of those things which doe wholesomly and moderately nourish And therefore you must prescribe a diet consisting of meats full of good nourishment as broaths and cullices of Capons Pigeons Veale and Mutton boyling therein Violet and Mallow leaves Conserves must be ordained which may strengthen the debilitated powers and humect the habit of the body such as are the Conserves of Buglosse Violets Borage and water Lillies The following broath will be profitable ℞ Lactucae Buglos portul ana M. j. quatuor seminum frigid major an ℥ ss seminis Barberis ʒ j. Let them al be boiled with a Chicken and let him take the broath every morning If thirst oppresse him the following Iulep will be good ℞ Aquae rosar ℥ iv Aquae viol lb. ss Saccari albissimi ℥ vj. fiat Iuiep utatur in siti If the patient be bound in his body emollient and humecting Clysters shall bee appointed made of the decoction of a sheeps head and feet Mallowes Marsh Mallowes Pellitory of the wall Violet leaves and other things of the like faculty or that the remedy may be more ready and quickly made let the Clysters be of Oyle and Milke Topick remedies shall be Liniments and Bathes Let this be the example of a Liniment ℞ Olei Viol. Amygdal dulc ana ℥ ij Olei Lilior Lumbric ana ℥ j. Axungiae porci recentis ℥ iij. Cerae novae quantum sufficit fiat Linimentum with which let the whole spine and part affected be annointed This shall
or mortification but too loose is unprofitable for that it doth not contain the parts in that state we desire It is a signe of a just ligation that is neyther too strait nor too loose if the ensuing day the part be swolne with an oedematous tumor caused by the blood pressed forth of the broken place but of too strait ligation if the part be hard swolne and of too loose if it bee no whit swolne as that which hath pressed no blood out of the affected part Now if a hard tumor caused by too strait binding trouble the patient it must presently bee loosed for feare of more grievous symptomes and the part must be fomented with warme Hydraeleum and another indifferent yea verily more loose ligature must be made in stead thereof as long as the paine and inflammation shall continue in which time and for which cause you shall lay nothing upon the part which is any thing burdensome When the patient beginnes to recover for three or foure dayes space especially if you find him of a more compact habit and a strong man the ligature must be kept firme and not loosed If on the third day and so untill the seventh the spires or windings be found more loose and the part affected more slender then wee must judge it to be for the better For hence you may gather that there is an expression and digestion of the humors causing the tumor made by force of the ligation Verily broken bones fitly bound up are better set and more firmely agglutinated which is the cause why in the place of the fracture the ligation must bee made the straiter in other places more loosely If the fractured bone stand forth in any part it must there be more straitly pressed with boulsters and splints To conclude the seventh day being past we must binde the part more straitly than before for that then inflammation paine and the like accidents are not to bee feared But these things which we have hitherto spoken of the three kindes of Ligatures cannot take place in each fractured part of the body as in the chaps collar-bones head nose ribs For seeing such parts are not round and long a Ligature cannot be wrapped about them as it may on the armes thighes and legges but only bee put on their outsides CHAP. VI. The uses for which Ligatures serve BY that which wee have formerly delivered you may understand that Ligatures are of use to restore those things which are separated and moved forth of their places and joyne together those which gape as in fractures wounds contusions sinewous ulcers and other like affects against nature in which the solution of continuitie stands in neede of the helpe of Bandages for the reparation thereof Besides also by the helpe of Bandages these things are kept asunder or separated which otherwise would grow together against nature as in Burns wherein the fingers and the hams would mutually grow together as also the arme-pits to the chests the chin to the breast unlesse they be hindered by due Ligation Bandages doe also conduce to refresh emaciated parts wherefore if the right legge waste for want of nourishment the left legge beginning at the foote may bee conveniently rowled up even to the groine If the right arme consume binde the left with a strait Ligature beginning at the hand and ending at the arme-pit For thus a great portion of blood from the bound-up part is sent back into the vena cava from whence it regurgitates into the almost emptie vessels of the emaciated part But I would have the sound part to bee so bound that thereby it become not painefull for a dolorifick ligation causes a greater attractation of blood and spirits as also exercise wherefore I would have it during that time to bee at rest and keep holy-day Ligatures also conduce to the stopping of bleedings which you may perceive by this that when you open a veine with your launcet the blood is presently stayed laying on a boulster and making a ligature Also Ligatures are usefull for women presently after their delivery for their womb being bound about with Ligatures the blood wherewith their womb was too much moistened is expelled the strength of the expulsive facultie being by this means stirred up to the expulsion thereof and it also hinders the empty wombe from being swolne up with winde which otherwise would presently enter thereinto This same Ligature is a helpe to such as are with childe for the more easie carrying of their burden especially those whose Childe lyes so farre down-wards that lying as it were in the den of the hippes it hangs betweene the thighes and so hinders the free going of the mother Therefore the woman with childe is not only eased by this binding of her wombe with this Ligature which is commonly termed the navill Ligature but also her childe being held up higher in her wombe she hath frâ—eâ—r and more liberty to walke Ligatures are in like sort good for revulsion and derivation as also for holding of medicines which are layd to a part as the necke breast or belly Lastly there is a triple use of Ligatures in amputation of members as armes and legges The first to draw and hold upwards the skinne and muscles lying under it that the operation being performed they may by their falling downe againe cover the ends of the cut-off bones and so by that meanes helpe forwards the agglutination and cicatrization and when it is healed up cause the lame member to move more freely and with lesse paine and also to performe the former actions this as it were cushion or boulster of musculous flesh lying thereunder The second is they hinder the bleeding by pressing together the veines and arteries The third is they by strait binding intercept the free passage of the animall spirits and so deprive the part which lyes thereunder of the sense of feeling by making it as it were stupid or num CHAP. VII Of Boulsters or Compresses BOulsters have a double use the first is to fill up the cavities and those parts which are not of an equall thicknesse to their ends Wee have examples of cavities in the Arme-pits Clavicles Hams Groines and of parts which grow small towards their ends in the armes towards the wrests in the legges towards the feet in the thighes towards the knees Therefore you must fill these parts with boulsters and linnen cloathes that so they may be all of one bignesse to their ends The second use of boulsters is to defend and preserve the first two or three Rowlers or Under-binders the which we sayd before must be applyed immediately to the fractured part Boulsters according to this two fold use differ amongst themselves for that when they are used in the first mentioned kind they must be applied athwart but when in the latter long-wayes or down-right You may also use Boulsters lest the too strait binding of the Ligatures
cause paine and trouble to the new set bones A three or foure times doubled cloth will serve for the thicknesse of your Boulsters but the length and breadth must bee more or lesse according to the condition of the parts and disease for which they must be applyed CHAP. VIII Of the use of Splints Junks and Cases HAving delivered the uses of Ligatures and Boulsters it remaines that wee say somewhat of the other things which serve to hold the bones in their places as Splints Junks Cases and such other like Splints are made and composed of past bord of thin splinters of wood of leather such as shoâ—-soales are made with of the rindes of trees or plates of Latin or lead and such other like which have a gentle and yeelding stiffenesse yet would I have them made as light as may bee lest they by their weight become troublesome to the afflicted part But for their length breadth and number let them be fitted agreeable to the part whereto they must bee used Let also their figure be straight or crooked according to the condition of the member whereto they must be applyed You must have a speciall care that they runne not so farre as the swellings out or eminencies of the bones as the ancles knees elbowes and the like lest they hurt them by their pressure also you must have a care that they be smaller at their ends and thicker in their middles whereas they lye upon the broken bone The use of splints is to hold fast and firme that they may stir no way the broken and luxated bones after they bee set and restored to their places That they performe this use it is fit there be no thicke boulsters under them nor over many rowlers for so through so thick a space they would not so straitly presse the part Junkes are made of stickes the bignesse of ones finger wrapped about with rushes and then with linnen cloth they are principally used in fractures of the thighes and legges Cases are made of plates of Latin or else of some light wood their use is to containe the bones in their due figure when the patient is to be carried out of one bed or chamber into another or else hath neede to goe to stoole lastly if wee must rest somewhat more strongly upon the broken or luxated members these Cases will hinder the bones from stirring or flying out on the right side or left above or below we sleeping or waking being willing or unwilling and in like sort left being not as yet well knit or more loosely bound up for feare of paine inflammation or a gangrene they hang downe fall or fly in sunder by reason of the inequalities of the bed Such Cases Junkes and the like which serve for restoring and fast holding of broken and luxated bones we may according to Hippocrates his minde call them in generall Glossocomia All which things the yong Surgeon which is not as yet exercised in the workes of Art can scarce tell what they are But in the meane time whilest that hee may come to bee exercised therein or see others performe these operations I as plainely as possibly I could have in words given him their portraiture or shape The end of the fourteenth Booke OF FRACTURES THE FIFTEENTH BOOKE CHAP. I. What a Fracture is and what the differences thereof are A Fracture in Galens opinion is the solution of continuitie in a bone which by the Greeks is called Catagma There are many sorts of hurting or offending the bones as the drawing them a-sunder luxation or putting them out of joynt their unnaturall growing together their cutting or dividing a-sunder contusion abscesse putrefaction rottennesse laying bare the periostium being violated or lost and lastly that whereof we now treate a Fracture Again the varieties of Fractures are almost infinite For one is complete and perfect another imperfect one runnes long-wise another transverse another oblique one while it is broken into great peeces another while into little and small scales which have eyther a blunt or else a sharpe end and pricke the adjacent bodies of the muscles nerves veines or arteries It somtimes happens that the bone is not broken into splinters that is long-wayes but together and at once into two peeces overthwart which Fracture is called Raphanedon that is after the maner of a Raddish A Fracture is made Caryedon or like a nut when as the bone flyes into many small peeces severed each from other as when a Nut is broken with a hammer or mallet upon an Anvile Which fracture is also termed Alphitidon by reason of the resemblance it hath to meale or floure and such is often seene in fractures made by bullets shot out of guns and such fiery engines Contrary to these are those fractures which are called Schidacidon as rent into splinters or after the manner of a boord or peece of timber that is right-downe and alongst the bone and these fractures are eyther apparent to the eye or else not apparent and therefore called Capillarie being so small as that they cannot be perceived by the eye unlesse you put inke upon them and then shave them with your Scrapers Sometimes the bone is only pressed downe by the stroke sometimes on the contrarie it flyes up as if it were vaulted They call it attrition when the bone is broken into many small fragments and as it were scales or chips The fragments of fractured bones are somtimes smooth and polished otherwhiles unequall and as it were sharpe and rough with little teeth or prickes Some fractures touch onely the surface of the bone fetching off only a scale othersome change not the site of fractured bones but only cleaves them length-waies without the plucking away of any fragment othersome penetrate even to their marrow Furthermore some Fractures are simple and alone by themselves othersome are accompanied with a troop of other affects and symptomes as a wound haemorrhagye inflammation gangrene and the like Hereunto you may also adde the differences drawne from the parts which the Fractures possesse as from the head ribs limbs joynts and other members of the bodie Adde also these which are taken from the habit of bodies aged young full of ill humors well tempered almost all which have their proper and peculiar indications for curing Now the causes of Fractures are the too violent assaults or stroaks of all externall things which may cut bruise breake or shake in this number of causes may also be reckoned fals from high places and infinite other things which would be long and tedious to reckon up CHAP. II. Of the signes of a Fracture WE may know by evident signes that a bone is broken the first whereof and most certaine is when by handling the part which we suspect to be broken wee feele peeces of the bone severed a-sunder and heare a certaine crackling of these peeces under our hands caused by the attrition of the