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be_v make_v that_o no_o appeal_v shall_v be_v use_v but_o within_o the_o realm_n the_o reason_n allege_v in_o the_o statute_n be_v because_o the_o king_n alone_o be_v the_o only_a supreme_a head_n of_o the_o realm_n and_o be_v furnish_v with_o plenary_a and_o entire_a power_n to_o do_v all_o act_n of_o justice_n where_o by_o divers_a sundry_a old_a authentic_a history_n and_o chronicle_n it_o be_v manifest_o declare_v and_o express_v that_o this_o realm_n of_o england_n be_v a_o empire_n and_o have_v so_o be_v accept_v in_o the_o world_n govern_v by_o one_o supreme_a head_n and_o king_n have_v the_o dignity_n and_o royal_a estate_n of_o the_o imperial_a crown_n of_o the_o same_o unto_o who_o a_o body_n politic_a compact_v of_o all_o sort_n and_o degree_n of_o people_n divide_v in_o term_n and_o by_o name_n of_o spiritualty_n and_o temporalty_n be_v bind_v and_o owen_n to_o bear_v next_o to_o god_n a_o natural_a and_o humble_a obedience_n he_o be_v also_o institute_v and_o furnish_v 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house_n be_v coordinate_a with_o the_o king_n and_o have_v power_n radical_o in_o themselves_o not_o derive_v from_o he_o they_o can_v be_v comprehend_v under_o his_o politic_a capacity_n whereas_o he_o say_v the_o king_n can_v make_v a_o law_n and_o infer_v from_o thence_o that_o the_o king_n alone_o without_o take_v in_o the_o two_o house_n have_v not_o entire_a and_o plenary_a jurisdiction_n his_o inference_n be_v very_o infirm_a for_o it_o do_v not_o diminish_v majesty_n but_o redound_v to_o the_o glory_n of_o it_o legibus_fw-la argum._n l._n 8._o c._n de_fw-fr legibus_fw-la to_o give_v law_n to_o the_o people_n by_o the_o counsel_n and_o assent_v of_o wiseman_n it_o have_v be_v and_o be_v for_o the_o most_o part_n the_o practice_n in_o absolute_a monarchy_n to_o make_v law_n that_o shall_v bind_v posterity_n by_o general_a consent_n and_o agreement_n which_o yet_o do_v not_o deprive_v the_o monarch_n of_o his_o power_n or_o derogate_v any_o way_n from_o the_o plenitude_n and_o entireness_n thereof_o but_o i_o shall_v speak_v more_o of_o this_o when_o i_o come_v to_o answer_v their_o objection_n whereas_o he_o say_v that_o by_o a_o body_n politic_a compact_n of_o all_o sort_n and_o degree_n not_o the_o parliament_n but_o the_o kingdom_n at_o large_a be_v proper_o mean_v i_o know_v no_o man_n will_v contradict_v he_o yet_o i_o say_v the_o two_o house_n be_v comprehend_v under_o the_o kingdom_n at_o large_a and_o be_v representative_a thereof_o in_o parliament_n and_o representatives_n can_v be_v the_o head_n when_o the_o kingdom_n at_o large_a who_o representative_n they_o be_v be_v but_o the_o body_n and_o therefore_o here_o the_o full_a answerer_n have_v a_o little_a overshoot_v himself_o for_o if_o by_o the_o body_n politic_a the_o kingdom_n at_o large_a be_v understand_v then_o be_v the_o king_n major_a universis_fw-la great_a than_o all_o the_o people_n collective_o take_v by_o his_o
of_o good_a right_n and_o equity_n it_o appertain_v any_o grant_n usage_n prescription_n act_n or_o act_n of_o parliament_n or_o any_o other_o thing_n to_o the_o contrary_a hereof_o notwithstanding_o second_o the_o power_n of_o appoint_v subordinate_a judge_n be_v declare_v and_o determine_v to_o be_v in_o the_o king_n by_o the_o same_o statute_n and_o be_v it_o also_o enact_v by_o authority_n aforesaid_a that_o no_o person_n or_o person_n of_o what_o estate_n degree_n or_o condition_n soever_o they_o be_v from_o the_o say_v first_o day_n of_o july_n shall_v have_v any_o power_n or_o authority_n to_o make_v any_o justice_n of_o eire_n justice_n of_o assize_n justice_n of_o peace_n or_o justice_n of_o goal_n delivery_n but_o that_o all_o such_o officer_n and_o minister_n shall_v be_v make_v by_o letter_n patent_n under_o the_o king_n great_a seal_n in_o the_o name_n and_o by_o authority_n of_o the_o king_n highness_n and_o his_o heir_n king_n of_o this_o realm_n in_o all_o shire_n county_n counties_n palatine_n and_o other_o place_n of_o this_o realm_n wales_n and_o the_o march_n of_o the_o same_o or_o in_o any_o other_o his_o dominion_n at_o their_o pleasure_n and_o will_n in_o such_o manner_n and_o form_n as_o justice_n of_o eire_n justice_n of_o assize_n and_o justice_n of_o peace_n and_o justice_n of_o goal_n delivery_n be_v common_o make_v in_o every_o shire_n of_o this_o realm_n any_o grant_n usage_n prescription_n allowance_n act_n or_o act_n of_o parliament_n or_o any_o other_o thing_n or_o thing_n to_o the_o contrary_a thereof_o notwithstanding_o three_o the_o power_n of_o make_v league_n with_o foreign_a prince_n and_o state_n be_v declare_v to_o be_v in_o the_o king_n by_o a_o statute_n make_v in_o the_o fourteen_o year_n of_o edward_n the_o four_o which_o begin_v thus_o 4._o 14._o e._n 4._o cap._n 4._o whereas_o divers_a and_o great_a offence_n and_o attempt_n have_v now_o of_o late_o be_v do_v and_o commit_v against_o the_o amity_n and_o league_n make_v betwixt_o our_o say_a sovereign_a lord_n the_o king_n and_o strange_a prince_n by_o this_o begin_n of_o the_o statute_n it_o be_v manifest_a that_o the_o power_n of_o make_v league_n and_o contract_a alliance_n with_o foreign_a estate_n be_v a_o right_n belong_v only_o to_o the_o crown_n i_o can_v yet_o add_v divers_a other_o act_n of_o parliament_n to_o confirm_v this_o and_o all_o the_o other_o particular_n above_o name_v but_o i_o suppose_v these_o which_o be_v already_o allege_v be_v more_o than_o sufficient_a there_o be_v also_o other_o right_n of_o sovereignty_n which_o i_o can_v show_v by_o the_o statute_n to_o be_v in_o the_o king_n but_o because_o there_o be_v no_o contestation_n about_o they_o i_o will_v not_o fight_v with_o a_o shadow_n those_o above_o mention_v be_v the_o chief_a and_o inseparable_a from_o majesty_n chap._n iu._n the_o king_n supremacy_n in_o general_n show_v by_o the_o common_a law_n have_v show_v the_o king_n supremacy_n from_o the_o statute_n i_o come_v now_o to_o the_o common_a law_n which_o be_v the_o ground_n and_o foundation_n of_o it_o for_o statute_n be_v but_o declaration_n of_o the_o royal_a power_n the_o power_n itself_o with_o the_o several_a modification_n and_o qualification_n of_o it_o be_v more_o ancient_a than_o any_o statute_n and_o can_v be_v limit_v or_o restrain_v by_o a_o act_n of_o parliament_n in_o any_o thing_n that_o tend_v to_o the_o derogation_n or_o diminution_n of_o majesty_n for_o the_o english_a monarchy_n by_o the_o common_a law_n be_v a_o absolute_a monarchy_n susceptible_a of_o no_o alteration_n in_o the_o right_n and_o preeminence_n of_o majesty_n first_o i_o say_v the_o english_a monarchy_n be_v a_o absolute_a monarchy_n by_o the_o common_a law_n admit_v no_o mixture_n in_o the_o right_n of_o sovereignty_n the_o king_n alone_o be_v the_o only_a supreme_a head_n and_o governor_n have_v none_o superior_a to_o he_o or_o coordinate_a with_o he_o either_o single_o or_o collective_o take_v this_o be_v express_o determine_v in_o sir_n edward_n coke_n report_v if_o that_o act_n of_o the_o first_o year_n of_o the_o late_a queen_n have_v never_o be_v make_v it_o be_v resolve_v by_o all_o the_o judge_n that_o the_o king_n or_o queen_n of_o england_n for_o the_o time_n be_v may_v make_v such_o a_o ecclesiastical_a commission_n as_o be_v before_o mention_v by_o the_o ancient_a prerogative_n and_o law_n of_o england_n case_n coke_n lib._n 5._o in_o caudreys_n case_n and_o therefore_o by_o the_o ancient_a law_n of_o the_o realm_n this_o kingdom_n of_o england_n be_v a_o absolute_a empire_n and_o monarchy_n consist_v of_o one_o head_n which_o be_v the_o king_n and_o of_o a_o body_n politic_a compact_n and_o compound_v of_o many_o and_o almost_o infinite_a several_a and_o yet_o agree_v member_n all_o which_o the_o law_n divide_v into_o two_o general_a part_n that_o be_v to_o say_v the_o clergy_n and_o the_o laity_n both_o of_o they_o next_o and_o immediate_o under_o god_n subject_a and_o obedient_a to_o the_o head_n also_o the_o king_n head_n of_o this_o politic_a body_n be_v institute_v and_o furnish_v with_o plenary_a and_o iutire_a power_n prerogative_n and_o jurisdiction_n to_o render_v justice_n and_o right_a to_o every_o part_n and_o member_n of_o this_o body_n of_o what_o estate_n degree_n or_o call_v soever_o in_o all_o cause_n ecclesiastical_a or_o temporal_a otherwise_o he_o shall_v not_o be_v head_n of_o the_o whole_a body_n this_o be_v further_a prove_v by_o sir_n edward_n coke_n by_o divers_a precedent_n and_o act_n of_o parliament_n who_o conclude_v his_o report_n after_o this_o manner_n 40.6_o fol._n 40.6_o thus_o have_v it_o appear_v as_o well_o by_o the_o ancient_a common_a law_n of_o this_o realm_n by_o the_o resolution_n and_o judgement_n of_o the_o judge_n and_o sage_n of_o the_o law_n of_o england_n in_o all_o succession_n of_o age_n as_o by_o authority_n of_o many_o act_n of_o parliament_n ancient_a and_o of_o late_a time_n that_o the_o kingdom_n of_o england_n be_v a_o absolute_a monarchy_n and_o that_o the_o king_n be_v the_o only_a supreme_a governor_n as_o well_o over_o ecclesiastical_a person_n and_o in_o ecclesiastical_a cause_n as_o temporal_a within_o this_o realm_n to_o the_o due_a observation_n of_o which_o law_n both_o the_o king_n and_o subject_a be_v swear_v in_o the_o second_o year_n of_o king_n james_n in_o hillary_n term_n letter_n be_v direct_v to_o the_o judge_n to_o have_v their_o resolution_n concern_v the_o validity_n of_o a_o grant_v make_v by_o queen_n elizabeth_n under_o the_o great_a seal_n of_o the_o benefit_n of_o a_o penal_a statute_n in_o which_o grant_v power_n be_v give_v to_o the_o lord_n chancellor_n or_o keeper_n of_o the_o great_a seal_n to_o make_v dispensation_n when_o and_o to_o who_o he_o please_v after_o great_a deliberation_n it_o be_v resolve_v that_o when_o a_o statute_n be_v make_v by_o act_n of_o parliament_n for_o the_o public_a good_a the_o king_n can_v not_o give_v the_o power_n of_o dispensation_n to_o any_o subject_a or_o grant_v the_o forfeiture_n upon_o penal_a law_n to_o any_o before_o the_o same_o be_v recover_v and_o vest_v in_o his_o majesty_n by_o due_a and_o lawful_a proceed_n and_o the_o reason_n there_o allege_v be_v because_o the_o king_n as_o head_n of_o the_o commonwealth_n and_o the_o fountain_n of_o justice_n and_o mercy_n aught_o to_o have_v these_o right_n of_o sovereignty_n annex_v only_o to_o his_o royal_a person_n statute_n coke_n lib._n 7._o tit_n penal_a statute_n car_fw-fr quant_fw-fr un_fw-fr statute_n est_fw-fr fait_fw-fr pro_fw-la bono_fw-mi publico_fw-la &_o le_fw-fr rey_n come_v le_fw-fr testae_fw-la deal_v bien_fw-fr public_a &_o le_fw-fr fountain_n de_fw-fr justice_n &_o mercy_n est_fw-la par_fw-fr tout_fw-fr le_fw-fr realm_n trust_v ove_fw-la ceo_fw-la cest_fw-fr confidence_n &_o trust_n est_fw-fr cy_fw-fr inseparablement_n adjoyne_v &_o annexe_v all_o royal_a person_n del_fw-it roy_n in_o cy_fw-fr haut_fw-fr point_fw-fr de_fw-fr sovereignty_n que_fw-fr il_fw-fr ne_fw-fr poit_fw-fr transfer_v ceo_fw-la all_o disposition_n on_o poiar_a d'ascune_fw-fr private_a person_n ou_fw-fr all_o ascune_fw-fr private_a use_n that_o be_v for_o when_o a_o statute_n be_v make_v for_o the_o public_a good_a and_o the_o king_n as_o head_n of_o the_o commonwealth_n and_o the_o fountain_n of_o justice_n and_o mercy_n be_v by_o all_o the_o realm_n trust_v with_o it_o that_o confidence_n and_o trust_n be_v so_o inseparable_o annex_v to_o the_o royal_a person_n of_o the_o king_n in_o so_o high_a a_o point_n of_o sovereignty_n that_o he_o can_v transfer_v it_o to_o the_o disposition_n or_o power_n of_o a_o private_a person_n or_o to_o any_o private_a use_n i_o shall_v not_o need_v to_o explain_v and_o amplify_v the_o matter_n by_o argument_n and_o inference_n draw_v from_o these_o report_n for_o the_o word_n be_v clear_a of_o themselves_o and_o do_v express_o declare_v and_o resolve_v the_o monarchy_n of_o
125._o fol._n 125._o the_o king_n always_o most_o grave_o and_o considerate_o repel_v that_o sort_n of_o attempt_n the_o king_n supremacy_n than_o be_v inherent_a in_o his_o person_n not_o in_o his_o court_n as_o the_o pretend_a house_n affirm_v for_o his_o politic_a capacity_n can_v not_o be_v separate_v from_o his_o natural_a but_o what_o power_n soever_o he_o make_v over_o unto_o his_o court_n the_o same_o and_o great_a remain_v in_o himself_o his_o authority_n be_v not_o separate_v from_o he_o by_o such_o a_o concession_n privitiuè_fw-la but_o cumulatiuè_fw-la only_o as_o civilian_n distinguish_v in_o concession_n of_o like_a nature_n make_v by_o the_o emperor_n that_o be_v he_o lose_v no_o authority_n by_o communicate_v it_o to_o other_o but_o other_o hold_v that_o which_o be_v communicate_v together_o with_o himself_o as_o god_n lose_v no_o authority_n by_o communicate_v it_o to_o king_n so_o king_n lose_v it_o not_o by_o communicate_v of_o it_o to_o their_o court_n the_o civilian_n give_v these_o reason_n for_o the_o ground_n of_o their_o law_n not_o much_o different_a from_o those_o allege_v by_o lambart_n out_o of_o bracton_n and_o other_o credendum_fw-la non_fw-la est_fw-la imperatorem_fw-la ita_fw-la fontes_fw-la suos_fw-la derivasse_fw-la foras_fw-la ut_fw-la nihil_fw-la penes_fw-la se_fw-la remanserit_fw-la sed_fw-la in_o quavis_fw-la concessione_n semper_fw-la authoritas_fw-la &_o persona_fw-la ejus_fw-la excepta_fw-la censetur_fw-la quis_fw-la enim_fw-la tam_fw-la stolidus_fw-la ut_fw-la alii_fw-la benefaciendo_fw-la seipsum_fw-la consumere_fw-la velit_fw-la cum_fw-la etiam_fw-la principis_fw-la sit_fw-la &_o ad_fw-la offitium_fw-la ejus_fw-la proprie_fw-la pertineat_fw-la jus_o dicere_fw-la knichen_n d._n superiorit_fw-la territ_n cap._n 1._o num_fw-la 518._o wurms_n evercit_fw-la 3._o num_fw-la 15._o rosental_a d._n feud_n cap._n 5._o conclus_fw-la 13._o pruckman_n d._n regal_a cap._n 1._o num_fw-la 17._o leipold_n d._n concurrent_a jurisdict_n quaest_a 1._o i._n e._n it_o be_v not_o to_o be_v imagine_v that_o the_o emperor_n shall_v so_o empty_v his_o fountain_n as_o to_o leave_v nothing_o in_o himself_o but_o it_o be_v to_o be_v conceive_v that_o in_o every_o concession_n his_o own_o person_n and_o authority_n be_v except_v for_o who_o be_v such_o a_o fool_n to_o consume_v himself_o by_o do_v good_a to_o other_o it_o be_v also_o the_o essential_a property_n and_o office_n of_o a_o prince_n to_o do_v justice_n the_o pretend_a house_n proceed_v and_o to_o speak_v proper_o only_a his_o high_a court_n of_o parliament_n wherein_o he_o be_v absolute_o supreme_a head_n and_o governor_n from_o which_o there_o be_v no_o appeal_n reply_n they_o speak_v not_o more_o proper_o as_o they_o say_v but_o much_o more_o improper_o than_o they_o do_v before_o it_o be_v the_o same_o authority_n that_o be_v in_o all_o his_o court_n &_o in_o his_o person_n too_o though_o not_o all_o the_o same_o authority_n for_o it_o be_v limit_v &_o restrain_v in_o his_o court_n by_o commission_n write_v or_o law_n and_o according_a as_o as_o those_o limitation_n and_o restriction_n be_v more_o or_o less_o so_o may_v court_n be_v say_v to_o have_v a_o great_a or_o less_o jurisdiction_n but_o not_o the_o king_n to_o be_v more_o or_o less_o supreme_a nor_o be_v their_o expression_n improper_a only_o but_o also_o full_a of_o falsehood_n and_o deceit_n for_o whereas_o they_o say_v there_o can_v be_v no_o appeal_n from_o the_o high_a court_n of_o parliament_n they_o desire_v the_o people_n shall_v so_o construe_v their_o word_n as_o to_o think_v the_o two_o house_n can_v joint_o by_o reason_n of_o the_o king_n virtual_a presence_n take_v cognizance_n of_o a_o plea_n and_o give_v judgement_n upon_o it_o from_o which_o there_o can_v be_v no_o appeal_n which_o have_v they_o speak_v out_o their_o falsehood_n have_v be_v transparent_a for_o only_o the_o lord_n house_n be_v a_o court_n of_o judicature_n and_o from_o thence_o appeal_v may_v be_v make_v to_o the_o king_n who_o may_v and_o have_v reform_v the_o undue_a proceed_n of_o that_o court_n 133._o lambarts_n archeion_n sol_fw-la 133._o for_o anno_fw-la 18._o edward_n 1._o bogo_n de_fw-fr clare_n be_v discharge_v of_o a_o accusation_n put_v against_o he_o in_o parliament_n for_o some_o imperfection_n of_o form_n that_o be_v discover_v in_o the_o complaint_n the_o king_n command_v he_o nevertheless_o to_o appear_v before_o himself_o ad_fw-la faciendum_fw-la &_o recipiendum_fw-la quod_fw-la per_fw-la regem_fw-la &_o ejus_fw-la confilium_fw-la fuerit_fw-la faciendum_fw-la and_o so_o proceed_v to_o are-examination_n of_o the_o whole_a cause_n neither_o be_v the_o former_a part_n of_o their_o word_n true_a than_o the_o latter_a the_o king_n supreamacy_n they_o say_v to_o speak_v proper_o be_v only_o in_o his_o high_a court_n of_o parliament_n this_o in_o their_o sense_n be_v false_a the_o supreamacy_n of_o the_o king_n be_v no_o more_o in_o his_o high_a court_n of_o parliament_n by_o reason_n of_o his_o virtual_a presence_n or_o politic_a capacity_n then_o in_o his_o other_o court_n when_o he_o be_v personal_o there_o his_o supreamacy_n then_o together_o with_o his_o person_n be_v in_o the_o court_n not_o otherwise_o for_o i_o have_v show_v already_o in_o divers_a place_n that_o the_o right_n of_o sovereignty_n be_v not_o only_o individual_o inherent_a in_o his_o person_n but_o so_o inseparable_o also_o annex_v unto_o it_o that_o they_o can_v not_o be_v communicate_v to_o other_o by_o any_o grant_n or_o concession_n make_v by_o himself_o in_o private_a or_o by_o a_o act_n of_o parliament_n i_o shall_v now_o add_v case_n lib._n 7._o in_o calvinet_n case_n that_o their_o conceit_n be_v call_v in_o cook_n report_v a_o damnable_a and_o damn_a opinion_n and_o have_v be_v at_o large_a confute_v and_o condemn_v by_o all_o the_o judge_n as_o be_v there_o relate_v it_o be_v first_o invent_v by_o the_o spencer_n who_o to_o cover_v their_o treason_n say_v that_o homage_n and_o the_o oath_n of_o ligeance_n be_v more_o by_o reason_n of_o the_o king_n crown_n that_o be_v by_o reason_n of_o his_o politic_a capacity_n then_o by_o reason_n of_o the_o person_n of_o the_o king_n from_o which_o opinion_n they_o infer_v these_o detestable_a consequence_n 1._o if_o the_o king_n do_v not_o demean_v himself_o by_o reason_n his_o liege_n be_v bind_v by_o oath_n to_o remove_v he_o 2._o see_v the_o king_n can_v not_o be_v reform_v by_o suit_n of_o law_n that_o aught_o to_o be_v do_v per_fw-la aspertee_fw-mi 3._o that_o his_o liege_n be_v bind_v to_o govern_v in_o aid_n of_o he_o all_o which_o be_v condemn_v by_o two_o parliament_n one_o in_o the_o reign_n of_o edward_n the_o second_o call_v exilium_fw-la hugonâ—s_fw-fr le_fw-fr spencer_n and_o the_o other_o anno_fw-la 1._o e._n 3._o cap._n 1._o and_o indeed_o their_o conceit_n be_v so_o irrational_a that_o it_o may_v easy_o be_v prognosticate_v they_o will_v never_o make_v good_a statesman_n for_o when_o the_o king_n be_v not_o personal_o present_a in_o his_o court_n he_o can_v be_v there_o by_o reason_n of_o his_o politic_a capacity_n no_o other_o way_n but_o by_o virtual_a emanation_n there_o can_v be_v in_o they_o no_o more_o authority_n than_o be_v delegated_a and_o commit_v to_o his_o judge_n now_o it_o be_v a_o common_a conception_n as_o evident_a as_o the_o first_o principle_n that_o a_o delegate_v power_n can_v not_o be_v supreme_a the_o exercise_n of_o supreme_a authority_n in_o some_o commonwealth_n may_v but_o the_o power_n itself_o can_v not_o be_v delegated_a king_n may_v also_o abdicate_v and_o resign_v up_o supreme_a authority_n but_o they_o can_v not_o delegate_v it_o in_o how_o general_a term_n soever_o say_v civilian_n authority_n be_v grant_v by_o the_o concessour_n to_o the_o concessary_a supreme_a authority_n can_v not_o be_v comprise_v under_o those_o term_n quocuuque_fw-la modo_fw-la regalium_fw-la concessio_fw-la fiat_fw-la nihilominus_fw-la superius_fw-la illud_fw-la &_o majestaticum_fw-la imperium_fw-la ea_fw-la largitione_n nunquam_fw-la censeatur_fw-la comprehensum_fw-la sed_fw-la potius_fw-la major_n semper_fw-la quam_fw-la est_fw-la concessa_fw-la reservata_fw-la &_o retenta_fw-la putetur_fw-la potestas_fw-la cap._n dudum_fw-la ¶_o hoc_fw-la igitur_fw-la de_fw-la praebend_n in_o 6._o l._n inquisitio_fw-la et_fw-la ibi_fw-la de_fw-fr c._n the_o solut_a periginus_n de_fw-fr jure_fw-la sisci_fw-la lib._n 1._o tit_n ult_n num_fw-la 33._o kniken_n de_fw-fr jure_fw-la territorii_fw-la cap._n 1._o num_fw-la 315._o i._n e._n which_o way_n soever_o regality_n be_v grant_v it_o may_v not_o be_v suppose_v that_o supreme_a authority_n be_v comprehend_v under_o such_o a_o grant_n but_o rather_o that_o a_o great_a power_n than_o be_v grant_v be_v reserve_v to_o the_o prince_n object_n 2_o their_o second_o objection_n be_v if_o the_o parliament_n may_v take_v a_o account_n what_o be_v do_v by_o his_o majesty_n in_o his_o inferior_a court_n much_o more_o what_o be_v do_v by_o he_o without_o authority_n in_o any_o court_n reply_n this_o if_o be_v well_o put_v in_o they_o say_v not_o
&_o promitto_fw-la the_o word_n elegerit_fw-la they_o say_v may_v and_o aught_o to_o be_v take_v in_o the_o future_a tense_n and_o do_v oblige_v the_o king_n to_o agree_v to_o all_o act_n that_o shall_v be_v think_v convenient_a by_o the_o house_n and_o to_o confirm_v this_o they_o allege_v a_o herald_n book_n wherein_o they_o say_v the_o oath_n be_v find_v so_o english_v they_o allege_v also_o a_o ancient_a french_a form_n wherein_o they_o say_v it_o be_v so_o take_v the_o form_n be_v this_o sire_n grant_v vous_fw-fr a_fw-fr tener_n &_o garder_n les_fw-fr leis_fw-la &_o custom_n naturelle_n les_fw-fr quell_v la_fw-fr communaute_fw-fr de_fw-fr vostre_fw-fr royaume_n aur_fw-it '_o eslue_n &_o les_fw-fr defenderer_fw-la &_o efforceee_a a_o l'_fw-fr honeur_fw-fr de_fw-fr dieu_fw-fr a_fw-fr vostre_fw-fr poiare_fw-la resp_n je_fw-fr le_fw-fr grante_fw-fr &_o promitte_v reply_n in_o all_o the_o authentical_a record_n of_o the_o exchequer_n the_o word_n elegerit_fw-la be_v english_v in_o 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those_o only_o which_o the_o commonalty_n shall_v have_v choose_v when_o the_o king_n take_v the_o oath_n for_o the_o form_n shall_v have_v run_v thus_o quell_v la_fw-fr communaute_fw-fr de_fw-fr vostre_fw-fr royaume_n eslirà _fw-it that_o be_v which_o the_o commonalty_n of_o your_o realm_n shall_v choose_v if_o law_n which_o be_v afterward_o to_o be_v make_v have_v be_v intend_v in_o the_o oath_n but_o let_v it_o be_v grant_v that_o elegerit_fw-la ought_v to_o be_v take_v be_v the_o future_a tense_n yet_o leges_fw-la &_o consuetudines_fw-la can_v relate_v to_o the_o law_n which_o shall_v be_v present_v to_o the_o king_n by_o the_o two_o house_n in_o parliament_n for_o the_o word_n vulgus_fw-la can_v be_v apply_v to_o the_o lord_n yet_o let_v that_o also_o be_v give_v they_o the_o oath_n bind_v he_o to_o protect_v and_o corroborate_v only_o just_a law_n not_o all_o which_o they_o shall_v say_v be_v just_a for_o it_o be_v evident_a whether_o elegerit_fw-la be_v take_v in_o the_o preter_fw-la perfect_a tense_n or_o in_o the_o future_a tense_n that_o by_o justas_fw-la leges_fw-la &_o consuetudines_fw-la it_o be_v imply_v that_o he_o be_v not_o bind_v to_o protect_v and_o corroborate_v all_o law_n and_o custom_n but_o only_o those_o which_o be_v just_a whereof_o he_o himself_o assist_v by_o his_o justice_n and_o council_n at_o law_n who_o ought_v to_o inform_v he_o be_v he_o want_v information_n be_v to_o be_v the_o judge_n to_o conclude_v let_v the_o word_n elegerit_fw-la and_o all_o the_o other_o word_n signify_v what_o they_o please_v it_o be_v not_o much_o important_a to_o their_o cause_n for_o the_o say_v latin_a form_n be_v never_o use_v to_o be_v take_v in_o the_o time_n of_o henry_n the_o three_o the_o king_n oath_n contain_v only_o these_o three_o thing_n 9_o bracton_n l._n 3._o cap._n 9_o 1._o se_fw-la esse_fw-la praecepturum_fw-la &_o pro_fw-la viribus_fw-la opem_fw-la impensurum_fw-la ut_fw-la ecclesiae_fw-la dei_fw-la &_o omni_fw-la populo_fw-la christiano_n vera_fw-la pax_fw-la omni_fw-la svo_fw-la tempore_fw-la observetur_fw-la 2._o ut_fw-la rapacitates_fw-la &_o omnes_fw-la iniquitates_fw-la omnibus_fw-la gradibus_fw-la interdicat_fw-la 3._o ut_fw-la in_o omnibus_fw-la judiciis_fw-la aequitatem_fw-la praecipiat_fw-la &_o misericordiam_fw-la in_o late_a time_n the_o english_a form_n above_o mention_v without_o any_o alteration_n import_v their_o sense_n have_v be_v use_v to_o be_v take_v many_o age_n together_o now_o if_o they_o can_v show_v which_o i_o believe_v they_o can_v that_o divers_a king_n have_v take_v the_o latin_a form_n they_o speak_v of_o yet_o that_o be_v not_o sufficient_a to_o prove_v a_o custom_n see_v the_o practice_n be_v former_o and_o be_v at_o the_o present_a otherwise_o object_n 3_o three_o some_o infer_v that_o the_o king_n have_v not_o a_o power_n of_o dissent_v from_o the_o usual_a answer_n which_o he_o give_v when_o he_o refuse_v to_o pass_v a_o bill_n le_fw-fr roy_fw-fr s'adviserâ_fw-la wherein_o they_o say_v he_o do_v not_o peremptory_o deny_v his_o assent_n but_o only_o crave_v time_n to_o deliberate_v upon_o it_o reply_n to_o what_o purpose_n shall_v he_o crave_v time_n to_o deliberate_v about_o that_o which_o can_v be_v avoid_v there_o be_v no_o consultation_n to_o be_v use_v de_fw-la necessariis_fw-la yet_o he_o may_v answer_v otherwise_o if_o he_o please_v 32._o please_v judge_v jenkins_n fol._n 32._o roy_fw-fr ne_fw-fr veult_n or_o 108._o or_o hollinsh_fw-mi vol._n 1._o fol._n 108._o il_fw-fr ne_fw-fr play_v be_v usual_a form_n as_o well_o as_o that_o object_n 4_o four_o they_o allege_v precedent_n the_o militia_n and_o the_o chief_a officer_n of_o the_o kingdom_n they_o say_v have_v be_v dispose_v of_o in_o parliament_n reply_n if_o i_o shall_v give_v a_o particular_a answer_n to_o all_o their_o precedent_n i_o shall_v weary_v the_o reader_n with_o such_o impertinency_n sometime_o they_o allege_v a_o seditious_a speech_n of_o some_o of_o the_o member_n for_o a_o act_n 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respect_n of_o power_n and_o also_o in_o respect_n of_o the_o use_n and_o exercise_v of_o it_o in_o this_o kind_n of_o government_n there_o be_v always_o more_o governor_n than_o one_o which_o be_v all_o limit_v in_o the_o very_a essence_n and_o be_v of_o their_o power_n have_v none_o of_o they_o perfect_a absolute_a full_a and_o entire_a authority_n but_o only_o their_o several_a share_n and_o proportion_n neither_o can_v they_o act_v in_o a_o arbitrary_a manner_n according_a to_o the_o full_a extent_n of_o that_o power_n which_o they_o have_v but_o have_v a_o certain_a rule_n set_v they_o by_o law_n the_o second_o be_v limit_v in_o respect_n of_o the_o power_n alone_o in_o this_o kind_n of_o government_n as_o in_o the_o former_a there_o be_v always_o more_o governor_n than_o own_o which_o have_v all_o their_o limit_a share_n yet_o may_v all_o act_n arbitrary_o either_o joint_o together_o or_o every_o one_o within_o the_o pale_a and_o limit_n of_o his_o own_o authority_n the_o three_o 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and_o estate_n be_v mix_v together_o in_o the_o possession_n of_o power_n but_o one_o alone_o do_v exercise_v all_o the_o act_n of_o sovereignty_n in_o this_o manner_n be_v the_o roman_a commonwealth_n govern_v by_o sylla_n and_o by_o dictator_n in_o the_o time_n of_o exigence_n and_o necessity_n the_o three_o be_v mix_v in_o respect_n of_o the_o exercise_n only_o in_o this_o kind_n of_o government_n several_a person_n and_o estate_n be_v mix_v in_o the_o exercise_n of_o power_n but_o one_o of_o the_o estate_n alone_o have_v the_o dominion_n and_o propriety_n of_o it_o now_o touch_v the_o government_n of_o england_n i_o have_v show_v already_o that_o it_o be_v monarchical_a that_o the_o monarchy_n be_v absolute_a in_o respect_n of_o the_o power_n that_o the_o king_n alone_o have_v perfect_a absolute_a full_a and_o entire_a jurisdiction_n able_a if_o put_v in_o action_n to_o effectuate_v and_o bring_v to_o pass_v all_o the_o end_n of_o government_n and_o that_o all_o other_o person_n of_o all_o estate_n and_o degree_n whatsoever_o both_o noble_n and_o commons_o move_z in_o their_o several_a circuit_n and_o sphere_n of_o activity_n by_o virtual_a emanation_n from_o he_o and_o not_o by_o force_n of_o any_o power_n authority_n or_o jurisdiction_n inherent_a in_o themselves_o and_o indeed_o all_o monarchy_n be_v absolute_a in_o this_o respect_n that_o be_v in_o respect_n of_o the_o power_n for_o when_o the_o limitation_n be_v in_o the_o essence_n and_o be_v of_o power_n monarchy_n be_v destroy_v not_o limit_v but_o yet_o the_o english_a monarchy_n be_v limit_v in_o respect_n of_o the_o use_n and_o exercise_v of_o power_n the_o king_n be_v oblige_v to_o govern_v according_a to_o the_o law_n of_o the_o land_n which_o although_o they_o do_v not_o diminish_v majesty_n in_o essentialibus_fw-la yet_o they_o do_v diverse_o qualify_v and_o modificate_n it_o it_o be_v also_o mix_v in_o the_o same_o respect_n the_o king_n be_v oblige_v in_o some_o case_n not_o to_o use_v his_o power_n without_o the_o assent_n and_o concurrence_n of_o the_o two_o other_o estate_n the_o pretend_a parliamentarian_o on_o the_o other_o side_n deny_v the_o english_a monarchy_n to_o be_v absolute_a in_o any_o respect_n and_o affirm_v it_o to_o be_v limit_v and_o mix_v as_o well_o in_o respect_n of_o the_o power_n itself_o as_o in_o respect_n of_o the_o use_n and_o exercise_v thereof_o the_o two_o house_n of_o parliament_n be_v coordinate_a with_o the_o king_n not_o only_o in_o the_o administration_n of_o power_n but_o in_o the_o possession_n of_o it_o yet_o they_o be_v not_o able_a to_o allege_v one_o syllable_n of_o law_n to_o make_v good_a these_o strange_a novelty_n but_o strive_v by_o indirect_a inference_n to_o deceive_v the_o people_n howsoever_o i_o will_v bring_v their_o objection_n such_o as_o they_o be_v and_o answer_v they_o in_o order_n and_o first_o i_o will_v bring_v their_o objection_n whereby_o they_o endeavour_n to_o prove_v their_o pretend_a limitation_n and_o then_o those_o whereby_o they_o endeavour_v to_o prove_v their_o pretend_a mixture_n object_n touch_v li_n ∣_o mitation_n 1_o i_o conceive_v and_o in_o my_o judgement_n persuade_v say_v the_o treatiser_n that_o the_o sovereignty_n of_o our_o king_n be_v radical_o and_o fundamental_o limit_v and_o not_o only_o in_o the_o use_n and_o exercise_v of_o it_o and_o be_o persuade_v so_o on_o these_o ground_n and_o reason_n first_o because_o the_o king_n majesty_n himself_o who_o best_o know_v by_o his_o council_n the_o nature_n of_o his_o own_o power_n say_z that_o that_o the_o law_n be_v the_o measure_n of_o his_o power_n 1641._o declar._n from_o newmarket_n mart._n 9_o 1641._o which_o be_v as_o full_a a_o concession_n of_o the_o thing_n as_o word_n can_v express_v if_o it_o be_v the_o measure_n of_o it_o than_o his_o power_n be_v limit_v by_o it_o for_o the_o measure_n be_v the_o limit_n and_o bound_n of_o the_o thing_n limit_v and_o in_o his_o answer_n to_o both_o the_o house_n concern_v the_o militia_n speak_v of_o the_o man_n name_v to_o he_o say_z if_o more_o power_n shall_v be_v think_v fit_a to_o be_v grant_v to_o they_o then_o by_o law_n be_v in_o the_o crown_n itself_o his_o majesty_n hold_v it_o reasonable_a that_o the_o same_o be_v by_o some_o law_n first_o vest_v in_o he_o with_o power_n to_o transfer_v it_o to_o those_o person_n in_o which_o passage_n it_o be_v grant_v that_o the_o power_n of_o the_o crown_n be_v by_o law_n and_o that_o the_o king_n have_v no_o more_o than_o be_v vest_v in_o he_o by_o law_n object_n 2_o second_o because_o it_o be_v in_o the_o very_a constitution_n of_o it_o mix_v as_o i_o shall_v afterward_o make_v it_o appear_v than_o it_o be_v radical_o limit_v for_o as_o i_o show_v before_o every_o mix_a monarchy_n be_v limit_v though_o not_o on_o the_o contrary_a for_o the_o necessary_a connexion_n of_o the_o other_o power_n to_o it_o be_v one_o of_o the_o great_a limitation_n a_o subordivation_n of_o cause_n do_v not_o ever_o prove_v the_o supreme_a cause_n of_o limit_a virtue_n a_o coordination_n do_v always_o object_n 3_o three_o i_o prove_v it_o from_o the_o ancient_a ordinary_a and_o receive_v denomination_n for_o the_o king_n majesty_n be_v call_v our_o liege_n that_o be_v legal_a sovereign_n and_o we_o his_o liege_n that_o be_v legal_a subject_n what_o do_v these_o name_n argue_v but_o that_o his_o sovereignty_n and_o our_o subjection_n be_v legal_a that_o be_v restrain_v by_o law_n object_n 4_o four_o have_v we_o no_o other_o proof_n yet_o that_o of_o prescription_n be_v sufficient_a in_o all_o age_n beyond_o record_n the_o law_n and_o custom_n of_o the_o kingdom_n have_v be_v the_o rule_n of_o government_n liberty_n have_v be_v stand_v upon_o and_o grant_v thereof_o with_o limitation_n of_o royal_a power_n make_v and_o acknowledge_v by_o magna_fw-la charta_fw-la and_o other_o public_a solemn_a act_n and_o no_o obedience_n acknowlede_v to_o be_v due_a but_o that_o which_o be_v according_a to_o law_n nor_o claim_v but_o under_o some_o pretext_n and_o title_n of_o law_n object_n 5_o five_o the_o very_a be_v of_o our_o common_a and_o statute_n law_n and_o our_o king_n acknowledge_v themselves_o bind_v to_o govern_v by_o they_o do_v prove_v and_o prescribe_v they_o limit_v for_o those_o law_n be_v not_o of_o their_o sole_a composure_n nor_o be_v they_o establish_v by_o their_o sole_a authority_n but_o the_o concurrence_n of_o the_o other_o two_o estate_n so_o that_o to_o be_v confine_v to_o that_o which_o be_v not_o mere_o their_o own_o be_v to_o be_v in_o a_o limit_a condition_n reply_n before_o i_o come_v to_o answer_v his_o objection_n out_o of_o his_o own_o mouth_n will_v i_o condemn_v he_o for_o if_o he_o be_v persuade_v as_o he_o say_v in_o his_o first_o objection_n that_o the_o king_n by_o his_o council_n know_v the_o nature_n of_o
constitution_n of_o the_o government_n be_v mix_v in_o some_o respect_n namely_o in_o respect_n of_o the_o exercise_n of_o some_o act_n of_o power_n which_o happen_v not_o in_o commonwealth_n where_o the_o government_n be_v arbitrary_a object_n 2_o beside_o that_o which_o be_v here_o allege_v the_o treatiser_n bring_v other_o objection_n in_o his_o reply_n to_o doctor_n fern_n against_o mixture_n in_o the_o use_n and_o exercise_v of_o power_n aristocracy_n and_o democracy_n say_v he_o be_v power_n not_o person_n as_o well_o as_o monarchy_n 38._o pag._n 38._o therefore_o a_o composition_n of_o these_o three_o must_v be_v all_o of_o power_n and_o indeed_o this_o chimaera_n of_o a_o mixture_n in_o the_o exercise_n of_o power_n be_v plain_a non_fw-fr sense_n for_o a_o mixture_n in_o the_o act_n or_o exercise_n suppose_v a_o mixture_n in_o the_o principle_n of_o action_n that_o be_v in_o the_o very_a power_n a_o mix_a act_n proceed_v from_o a_o simple_a power_n be_v such_o stuff_n that_o i_o never_o hear_v before_o reply_n first_o he_o say_v that_o aristocracy_n and_o democracy_n be_v power_n not_o person_n as_o well_o as_o monarchy_n and_o this_o he_o take_v for_o grant_v which_o be_v both_o a_o apparent_a falsity_n and_o a_o solecism_n for_o monarchy_n aristocratie_n and_o democraty_n be_v neither_o power_n nor_o person_n but_o form_n of_o government_n equal_o relate_v to_o both_o the_o word_n according_a to_o their_o etymology_n note_v person_n as_o well_o as_o power_n and_o when_o these_o be_v mix_v together_o it_o be_v the_o mixture_n of_o person_n not_o of_o power_n that_o denominate_v a_o mix_a form_n of_o government_n as_o i_o shall_v show_v immediate_o second_o he_o say_v that_o a_o mixture_n in_o the_o exercise_n of_o power_n be_v plain_a non_fw-fr fence_n for_o a_o mixture_n in_o the_o act_n or_o exercise_n suppose_v a_o mixture_n in_o the_o principle_n of_o action_n a_o mix_a act_n proceed_v from_o a_o simple_a power_n be_v such_o stuff_n that_o i_o never_o 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same_o power_n heat_n resolve_v and_o harden_v at_o the_o same_o time_n for_o the_o virtue_n of_o natural_a agent_n be_v diverse_o modificate_v of_o the_o subject_n wherein_o it_o be_v receive_v and_o act_v various_o according_a to_o the_o several_a disposition_n thereof_o and_o yet_o if_o his_o axiom_n be_v authentical_a or_o true_a it_o be_v not_o pertinent_a the_o question_n be_v whether_o the_o mixture_n of_o several_a estate_n in_o the_o exercise_n of_o some_o act_n of_o power_n be_v not_o a_o true_a mixture_n sufficient_a to_o denominate_v a_o mix_a government_n how_o do_v it_o follow_v now_o that_o it_o be_v no_o true_a mixture_n because_o a_o mix_a act_n can_v not_o proceed_v from_o a_o simple_a power_n if_o that_o be_v true_a yet_o a_o mix_a form_n of_o government_n may_v proceed_v from_o the_o mixture_n of_o several_a person_n and_o estate_n for_o form_n of_o government_n be_v no_o act_n beside_o the_o division_n of_o government_n into_o simple_a and_o mix_v be_v make_v in_o respect_n of_o the_o person_n and_o estate_n not_o of_o the_o power_n which_o remain_v the_o same_o under_o all_o form_n and_o change_n of_o government_n and_o can_v proper_o &_o per_fw-la se_fw-la but_o improper_o &_o per_fw-la accidens_fw-la be_v say_v to_o be_v mix_v for_o it_o be_v mix_v only_o ad_fw-la mixtionem_fw-la subjecti_fw-la when_o it_o be_v seat_v in_o a_o mix_a subject_n be_v otherwise_o the_o same_o that_o it_o be_v in_o a_o simple_a and_o when_o a_o simple_a form_n of_o government_n be_v change_v into_o a_o mix_a or_o a_o mix_v into_o a_o simple_a the_o power_n suffer_v not_o the_o least_o alteration_n but_o be_v denominate_v simple_a or_o mix_v according_a as_o it_o be_v seat_v in_o a_o simple_a or_o mix_a subject_n this_o be_v the_o common_a assertion_n of_o all_o author_n who_o do_v general_o teach_v the_o diversity_n of_o commonwealth_n to_o arife_n from_o the_o diversity_n of_o person_n their_o simplicity_n and_o mixture_n from_o the_o simplicity_n and_o mixture_n of_o person_n and_o estate_n not_o from_o the_o diversity_n or_o from_o the_o simplicity_n and_o mixture_n of_o power_n quoad_fw-la imperium_fw-la haud_fw-la discriminamus_fw-la species_n rerum_fw-la publicarum_fw-la siquidem_fw-la in_o qualibet_fw-la rep._n deprehendere_fw-la est_fw-la summam_fw-la legibusque_fw-la solutam_fw-la potestatem_fw-la verum_fw-la quoad_fw-la eos_fw-la pene_fw-la quos_fw-la imperium_fw-la est_fw-la differentia_fw-la reipublicae_fw-la formarum_fw-la fieri_fw-la debet_fw-la coque_fw-la nomine_fw-la aut_fw-la monarchicus_fw-la aut_fw-la polyarchicus_n status_fw-la est_fw-la polyarchicus_n status_fw-la aut_fw-la simplex_fw-la aut_fw-la vero_fw-la mixtus_fw-la existit_fw-la besold_n do_fw-mi de_fw-fr reg._n legit_fw-la frederic_n tileman_n disp_n digest_v 2._o he_z 8._o i._n e._n we_o distinguish_v not_o the_o form_n of_o commonwealth_n by_o power_n for_o there_o be_v a_o supreme_a power_n above_o the_o law_n in_o every_o commonwealth_n but_o the_o difference_n arise_v from_o the_o person_n in_o who_o the_o power_n be_v seat_v and_o in_o that_o respect_n the_o state_n of_o a_o commonwealth_n be_v either_o monarchiall_a or_o polyarchicall_a the_o polyarchicall_a state_n be_v either_o simple_a or_o mix_v now_o where_o the_o several_a form_n of_o government_n be_v total_o mix_v that_o be_v where_o the_o mixture_n of_o the_o three_o estate_n be_v both_o in_o the_o power_n and_o in_o the_o exercise_n of_o it_o there_o the_o simple_a form_n of_o government_n be_v corrupt_v and_o that_o which_o result_v out_o of_o their_o mixture_n and_o corruption_n be_v another_o form_n distinct_a from_o they_o all_o which_o by_o author_n be_v general_o call_v a_o mix_a commonwealth_n this_o kind_n of_o government_n be_v always_o polyarchicall_a such_o a_o mixture_n be_v incompatible_a to_o monarchy_n but_o where_o they_o be_v but_o partial_o mix_v that_o be_v where_o the_o mixture_n of_o the_o three_o estate_n be_v in_o the_o exercise_n of_o power_n alone_o there_o the_o simple_a form_n of_o government_n be_v not_o destroy_v by_o such_o a_o mixture_n but_o suffer_v only_o a_o accidental_a change_n this_o be_v a_o light_a mixture_n in_o comparison_n of_o the_o other_o but_o as_o great_a as_o be_v consistent_a with_o any_o of_o the_o simple_a form_n of_o government_n and_o as_o true_a a_o mixture_n as_o the_o former_a which_o although_o it_o do_v not_o total_o corrupt_v yet_o it_o do_v manifest_o allay_v the_o simplicity_n of_o a_o government_n for_o where_o several_a estate_n have_v interest_n by_o the_o constitution_n of_o a_o government_n in_o the_o exercise_n of_o power_n the_o government_n be_v not_o so_o simple_a as_o where_o one_o of_o the_o estate_n alone_o have_v all_o the_o interest_n object_n 3_o three_o that_o power_n where_o the_o legislative_a power_n be_v in_o all_o three_o be_v in_o the_o very_a root_n and_o essence_n of_o it_o compound_v and_o mix_v of_o those_o three_o for_o that_o be_v the_o height_n of_o power_n to_o which_o the_o other_o part_n be_v subsequent_a and_o subservient_fw-fr so_o that_o where_o this_o reside_v in_o a_o mix_a subject_n that_o be_v in_o three_o distinct_a concurrent_a estate_n the_o consent_n and_o concourse_n of_o all_o most_o free_a and_o none_o depend_v on_o the_o will_n of_o the_o other_o that_o monarchy_n be_v in_o the_o most_o proper_a sense_n and_o in_o the_o very_a model_n of_o it_o of_o a_o mix_a constitution_n but_o such_o be_v the_o state_n of_o this_o monarchy_n as_o appear_v in_o the_o former_a question_n and_o be_v self-apparent_a reply_n this_o objection_n be_v soon_o answer_v by_o that_o which_o have_v be_v say_v in_o the_o five_o chapter_n but_o because_o it_o be_v their_o principal_a objection_n i_o will_v more_o at_o large_a show_v the_o invalidity_n of_o it_o first_o therefore_o i_o answer_v to_o the_o antecedent_n that_o the_o concurrence_n of_o one_o or_o both_o the_o other_o estate_n with_o the_o monarch_n in_o the_o make_n and_o promulgation_n of_o law_n