out_o of_o his_o journal_n since_o they_o may_v at_o least_o help_v we_o to_o conjecture_v what_o be_v not_o to_o be_v expect_v in_o reference_n to_o refraction_n from_o the_o coldness_n of_o the_o air_n as_o such_o the_o 21._o 61._o of_o january_n say_v he_o i_o observe_v the_o 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d what_o exactness_n i_o can_v it_o be_v very_o clear_a sunshine_n weather_n which_o i_o find_v to_o be_v 51._o 52._o this_o difference_n be_v by_o reason_n that_o here_o be_v a_o great_a refraction_n which_o last_o clause_n be_v very_o obscure_a unless_o it_o refer_v as_o one_o may_v guess_v it_o do_v to_o what_o he_o have_v elsewhere_o say_v that_o his_o first_o come_v to_o the_o island_n he_o take_v the_o latitude_n with_o two_o quadrant_n 46._o and_o find_v it_o to_o be_v inst_n 52._o degree_n without_o any_o minute_n elsewhere_o my_o 〈◊〉_d 64._o say_v he_o by_o these_o glass_n i_o compare_v to_o the_o star_n come_v to_o the_o meridian_n by_o this_o mean_n we_o find_v the_o sun_n to_o rise_v twenty_o minute_n before_o it_o shall_v and_o in_o the_o evening_n to_o remain_v above_o the_o horizon_n twenty_o minute_n or_o thereabouts_o long_o than_o it_o shall_v and_o all_o this_o by_o reason_n of_o the_o refraction_n and_o in_o another_o place_n march_v the_o 15._o this_o evening_n say_v he_o the_o moon_n 66._o rise_v in_o a_o very_a long_a oval_n alongst_o the_o horizon_n i_o shall_v add_v one_o passage_n more_o out_o of_o our_o author_n concern_v refraction_n not_o only_o because_o it_o may_v bear_v testimony_n to_o some_o relation_n of_o the_o like_a kind_n that_o i_o have_v mention_v in_o another_o treatise_n but_o because_o it_o be_v conclude_v with_o a_o observation_n that_o if_o there_o be_v nothing_o of_o mistake_n in_o it_o be_v odd_a enough_o i_o have_v often_o say_v he_o observe_v 69._o the_o difference_n betwixt_o clear_a weather_n and_o misty_a refractious_a weather_n in_o this_o manner_n from_o a_o little_a hill_n which_o be_v near_o adjoin_v to_o our_o house_n in_o the_o clear_a weather_n when_o the_o sun_n shine_v with_o all_o the_o purity_n of_o air_n that_o i_o can_v conceive_v we_o can_v not_o see_v a_o little_a istand_n which_o bear_v of_o we_o south_n southeast_n some_o four_o league_n of_o but_o if_o the_o weather_n be_v misty_a as_o aforesaid_a than_o we_o can_v often_o see_v it_o from_o the_o low_a place_n 23._o hitherto_o i_o have_v treat_v of_o the_o temperature_n of_o the_o air_n in_o general_n and_o though_o the_o past_a discourse_n have_v be_v prolix_a enough_o yet_o possible_o i_o may_v have_v no_o few_o thing_n to_o say_v if_o i_o will_v at_o present_a fall_n upon_o the_o particular_a consideration_n of_o the_o three_o region_n into_o which_o the_o air_n be_v wont_a to_o be_v distinguish_v for_o i_o confess_v i_o be_o not_o altogether_o without_o scruple_n both_o as_o to_o the_o number_n and_o as_o to_o the_o limit_n and_o as_o to_o the_o quality_n assign_v to_o these_o aerial_a region_n but_o as_o i_o have_v partly_o 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coldness_n of_o the_o air_n in_o the_o large_a sense_n but_o only_o to_o take_v notice_n of_o some_o of_o the_o choice_a instance_n that_o seem_v to_o belong_v to_o our_o present_a argument_n and_o these_o we_o shall_v annex_v either_o as_o promiscuous_a observation_n at_o the_o close_a of_o this_o section_n or_o as_o illustration_n or_o proof_n of_o the_o three_o follow_a observation_n i._o the_o first_o i_o shall_v propose_v in_o these_o term_n that_o the_o great_a or_o lesser_a coldness_n of_o the_o air_n in_o several_a climate_n and_o country_n be_v nothing_o near_o so_o regular_o proportionate_a to_o their_o respective_a distance_n from_o the_o pole_n or_o their_o vicinity_n to_o the_o equator_fw-la as_o man_n be_v wont_a to_o presume_v this_o put_v i_o in_o mind_n of_o what_o i_o have_v former_o either_o hear_v from_o a_o skilful_a man_n or_o observe_v myself_o about_o the_o difference_n betwixt_o place_n of_o the_o same_o latitude_n in_o the_o northern_a and_o southern_a 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the_o winter_n time_n when_o many_o man_n lose_v their_o nose_n or_o their_o toe_n and_o some_o their_o life_n by_o the_o extremity_n of_o the_o cold_a we_o have_v several_a time_n occasion_n to_o take_v notice_n of_o in_o this_o treatise_n and_o yet_o at_o edinburgh_n which_o i_o find_v some_o of_o our_o modern_a navigator_n to_o place_v more_o northerly_a by_o above_o a_o degree_n there_o i_o say_v and_o in_o the_o neighbour_a place_n the_o air_n be_v know_v to_o be_v temperate_a enough_o and_o the_o cold_a very_o tolerable_a and_o it_o be_v affirm_v that_o the_o snow_n very_o rare_o lie_v any_o long_a time_n on_o the_o ground_n after_o it_o be_v fall_v 2._o in_o the_o voyage_n make_v for_o discovery_n northward_o by_o mr._n poole_n in_o the_o year_n 1610._o i_o find_v this_o passage_n i_o be_v 702._o certify_v that_o all_o the_o pond_n and_o lake_n be_v unfrozen_a they_o be_v fresh_a water_n which_o put_v i_o in_o hope_n of_o a_o mild_a summer_n here_o after_o so_o sharp_a a_o 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the_o north_n pole_n but_o the_o ice_n that_o come_v in_o and_o out_o from_o the_o tartarian_a sea_n about_o nova_n zembla_n cause_v 〈◊〉_d to_o feel_v the_o great_a cold_a therefore_o in_o regard_n that_o the_o nearness_n of_o the_o pole_n be_v not_o the_o cause_n of_o the_o great_a cold_a that_o we_o feel_v etc._n etc._n and_o a_o little_a after_o it_o be_v true_a say_v he_o that_o in_o the_o country_n lie_v under_o 80._o degree_n which_o we_o esteem_v to_o be_v greenland_n there_o be_v both_o leaf_n and_o grass_n to_o be_v see_v wherein_o such_o beast_n as_o feed_v of_o leaf_n and_o grass_n as_o heart_n hind_n and_o such_o like_a beast_n live_v whereas_o to_o the_o contrary_a in_o nova_n zembla_n there_o grow_v neither_o leaf_n nor_o grass_n and_o there_o be_v no_o beast_n there_o
outside_n be_v for_o the_o most_o part_n unknown_a even_o to_o chemist_n themselves_o divers_a other_o body_n beside_o salt-petre_a who_o steam_n may_v have_v a_o power_n of_o refrigerate_v the_o air_n as_o great_a in_o proportion_n to_o their_o quantity_n as_o those_o of_o salt-petre_a and_o since_o common_a salt_n in_o artificial_a glaciation_n be_v find_v to_o cooperate_v as_o powerful_o as_o salt-petre_a itself_o and_o since_o it_o be_v undeniable_o a_o body_n of_o which_o there_o be_v a_o vast_a quantity_n in_o the_o terrestrial_a globe_n and_o which_o by_o reason_n of_o the_o sea_n where_o it_o abound_v be_v exceed_o diffuse_v i_o see_v no_o great_a reason_n why_o we_o may_v not_o aswell_o esteem_v that_o kind_n of_o salt_n among_o the_o catholic_n efficient_n of_o cold_a and_o the_o rather_o because_o that_o the_o small_a corpuscle_n our_o eye_n discern_v of_o sea-salt_n be_v wont_a to_o be_v though_o not_o exact_o of_o a_o cubical_a figure_n which_o be_v that_o figure_n philoponus_n inform_v we_o the_o great_a democritus_n of_o old_a just_o admire_v by_o gassendus_fw-la assign_v to_o the_o atom_n of_o cold_a whereas_o according_a to_o gassendus_fw-la himself_o the_o corpuscle_n of_o nitre_n at_o least_o as_o far_o as_o sense_n have_v inform_v we_o be_v not_o the_o most_o convenient_o shape_v to_o produce_v cold_a since_o he_o labour_v to_o show_v that_o the_o figure_n of_o frigorifick_a atom_n be_v to_o be_v tetrahedrical_a or_o pyramidal_a whereas_o the_o crystal_n or_o grain_n great_a or_o small_a into_o which_o good_a salt-petre_a shoot_n be_v wont_a to_o be_v prismatical_a have_v their_o base_a sexangular_a but_o to_o return_v to_o what_o i_o be_v say_v concern_v the_o congeal_a of_o water_n with_o ice_n i_o shall_v subjoin_v that_o the_o same_o experiment_n countenance_n my_o conjecture_v that_o oftentimes_o it_o may_v not_o be_v emanation_n of_o one_o salt_n or_o other_o body_n but_o a_o peculiar_a and_o lucky_a conjunction_n of_o those_o of_o 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hereafter_o in_o the_o mean_a time_n have_v discourse_v thus_o long_o against_o the_o admit_v a_o primum_fw-la frigidum_fw-la i_o think_v it_o not_o amiss_o to_o take_v notice_n once_o more_o that_o my_o design_n in_o play_v the_o sceptic_a on_o this_o subject_n be_v not_o so_o much_o to_o reject_v other_o man_n probable_a opinion_n of_o a_o primum_fw-la frigidum_fw-la as_o absolute_o false_a as_o it_o be_v to_o give_v a_o account_n why_o i_o look_v upon_o they_o as_o doubtful_a title_n xviii_o experiment_n and_o observation_n touch_v the_o coldness_n and_o temperature_n of_o the_o air._n 1._o i_o have_v show_v in_o the_o former_a section_n that_o the_o air_n be_v not_o the_o primum_fw-la frigidum_fw-la but_o yet_o i_o can_v ready_o yield_v my_o assent_n to_o the_o opinion_n of_o the_o learned_a gassendus_fw-la and_o some_o other_o who_o have_v write_v before_o and_o since_o he_o that_o the_o air_n be_v of_o itself_o indifferent_a that_o be_v neither_o cold_a nor_o hot_a but_o as_o it_o happen_v to_o be_v make_v either_o the_o one_o or_o the_o other_o by_o external_a agent_n for_o if_o we_o take_v cold_a in_o the_o obvious_a and_o receive_a acception_n of_o the_o word_n that_o be_v for_o a_o quality_n relative_a to_o the_o sense_n of_o a_o man_n who_o organ_n be_v in_o a_o good_a or_o middle_a temper_n in_o reference_n to_o cold_a and_o heat_n 〈◊〉_d be_o hitherto_o inclinable_a to_o think_v that_o we_o may_v rather_o attribute_v coldness_n to_o the_o air_n than_o either_o heat_n or_o a_o perfect_a neutrality_n as_o to_o heat_n and_o cold._a for_o to_o make_v a_o body_n cold_a as_o to_o sense_n it_o seem_v to_o be_v sufficient_a that_o its_o minute_n corpuscle_n do_v less_o agitate_v the_o small_a part_n of_o our_o organ_n of_o feel_v than_o they_o be_v wont_n to_o be_v agitate_a by_o the_o blood_n and_o other_o fluid_a part_n of_o the_o body_n and_o consequent_o if_o suppose_v the_o air_n devoid_a of_o those_o calorifick_a and_o frigorifick_a atom_n to_o which_o the_o learned_a man_n i_o be_v name_v ascribe_v its_o heat_n and_o cold_a it_o will_v constitute_v a_o fluid_a which_o either_o by_o reason_n of_o the_o minuteness_n of_o its_o part_n or_o their_o want_n of_o a_o sufficient_o vehement_a motion_n will_v less_o affect_v the_o sensory_a of_o feel_v than_o the_o internal_a liquor_n and_o spirit_n of_o the_o body_n be_v wont_a to_o do_v and_o so_o it_o will_v appear_v actual_o cold_a nor_o be_v it_o necessary_a that_o all_o liquor_n much_o less_o all_o fluid_n shall_v be_v as_o much_o agitate_a as_o the_o blood_n and_o vital_a humour_n of_o a_o humane_a body_n as_o we_o see_v to_o omit_v what_o in_o the_o last_o section_n be_v mention_v about_o new_o emit_v urine_n and_o to_o skip_v other_o obvious_a instance_n in_o those_o fish_n and_o other_o animal_n who_o blood_n and_o analogous_a juice_n be_v always_o and_o that_o in_o the_o state_n which_o pass_v for_o their_o natural_a state_n actual_o cold_a to_o our_o touch._n and_o i_o see_v no_o sufficient_a reason_n why_o we_o shall_v not_o conceive_v the_o air_n even_o in_o its_o natural_a state_n at_o least_o as_o far_o forth_o as_o it_o can_v be_v say_v to_o have_v a_o natural_a state_n to_o be_v one_o of_o the_o number_n of_o cold_a fluid_n for_o as_o to_o the_o main_a if_o not_o only_o argument_n of_o gassendus_fw-la and_o other_o namely_o that_o as_o we_o see_v the_o air_n to_o be_v easy_o heat_v by_o the_o action_n of_o the_o sun_n or_o the_o fire_n so_o we_o see_v it_o as_o easy_o refrigerated_a by_o ice_n and_o snow_n and_o northerly_a wind_n and_o other_o efficient_n of_o cold_a and_o that_o heat_n and_o cold_a reign_n in_o it_o by_o turn_n in_o summer_n and_o in_o winter_n this_o only_o prove_v what_o i_o ready_o grant_v that_o the_o air_n be_v easy_o susceptible_a at_o several_a time_n of_o both_o these_o contrary_a quality_n but_o it_o do_v not_o show_v that_o one_o be_v not_o more_o connatural_a to_o it_o than_o the_o other_o as_o we_o see_v that_o the_o water_n may_v be_v easy_o deprive_v of_o its_o fluidity_n by_o the_o circumposition_n of_o snow_n and_o salt_n and_o reduce_v to_o be_v fluid_a again_o by_o the_o sun_n or_o the_o fire_n and_o yet_o according_a to_o they_o as_o well_o as_o other_o fluidity_n not_o firmness_n be_v the_o natural_a quality_n of_o water_n but_o this_o be_v not_o that_o which_o i_o lie_v most_o weight_n upon_o for_o i_o consider_v that_o it_o be_v manifest_a and_o acknowledge_v by_o these_o learned_a man_n themselves_o that_o the_o heat_n of_o the_o air_n be_v adventitious_a to_o it_o and_o communicate_v by_o the_o beam_n of_o the_o sun_n or_o of_o the_o fire_n or_o by_o some_o other_o agent_n natural_o productive_a of_o heat_n as_o well_o in_o other_o body_n as_o the_o air_n and_o it_o be_v also_o evident_a that_o upon_o the_o bare_a absence_n for_o aught_o else_o that_o appear_v of_o the_o sun_n or_o extinction_n of_o the_o fire_n or_o removal_n of_o the_o other_o cause_n of_o heat_n the_o air_n will_v as_o it_o be_v of_o its_o own_o accord_n be_v reduce_v to_o coldness_n whereas_o that_o there_o be_v swarm_n of_o frigorifick_a atom_n diffuse_v through_o the_o air_n from_o which_o all_o its_o coldness_n proceed_v be_v but_o a_o hypothesis_n of_o their_o own_o far_o from_o be_v manifest_a in_o itself_o and_o not_o hitherto_o that_o i_o know_v of_o prove_v by_o any_o fit_a experiment_n or_o cogent_a reason_n and_o though_o in_o some_o case_n i_o be_o not_o adverse_a to_o the_o admit_v such_o corpuscle_n as_o may_v in_o a_o sense_n be_v style_v frigorifick_a yet_o i_o see_v not_o why_o we_o shall_v have_v recourse_n to_o they_o in_o case_n where_o such_o a_o bare_a cessation_n or_o lessen_v of_o former_a motion_n as_o may_v easy_o be_v ascribe_v to_o manifest_a cause_n may_v serve_v the_o turn_n as_o to_o a_o sensible_a for_o
fain_o to_o measure_v their_o time_n by_o hour-glass_n for_o though_o this_o odd_a effect_n may_v be_v suspect_v to_o proceed_v from_o some_o little_a icicle_n stick_v to_o some_o of_o the_o wheel_n or_o the_o line_n in_o regard_n they_o not_o far_o off_o tell_v we_o that_o the_o steam_n of_o their_o body_n and_o other_o thing_n within_o their_o close_a house_n do_v voyage_n so_o fasten_v themselves_o to_o the_o wall_n to_o the_o roof_n and_o even_o to_o their_o cabin_n as_o to_o line_v they_o with_o ice_n of_o no_o less_o than_o two_o finger_n thick_a yet_o beside_o that_o it_o can_v be_v probable_o suppose_v that_o they_o who_o have_v so_o great_a need_n of_o their_o clock_n during_o the_o tedious_a absence_n of_o the_o sun_n for_o many_o week_n together_o shall_v not_o all_o the_o winter_n long_o be_v aware_a of_o this_o beside_o this_o i_o say_v i_o find_v that_o in_o captain_n james_n winter_v 64._o at_o charleton_n his_o clock_n and_o watch_n be_v so_o freeze_v too_o that_o they_o can_v not_o go_v notwithstanding_o they_o be_v still_o keep_v by_o the_o fire_n side_n in_o a_o chest_n 〈◊〉_d in_o clothes_n so_o that_o in_o case_n it_o appear_v that_o according_a to_o what_o we_o 〈◊〉_d note_v out_o of_o wormius_n the_o frost_n can_v get_v into_o metal_n it_o can_v also_o distend_v they_o and_o other_o stable_a body_n we_o may_v conceive_v that_o the_o stop_n of_o the_o clock_n may_v proceed_v from_o the_o stiffness_n or_o the_o swell_n of_o the_o line_n to_o which_o the_o weight_n be_v fasten_v or_o a_o swell_a even_o of_o some_o of_o the_o wheel_n or_o other_o metalline_a part_n of_o the_o clock_n that_o may_v spoil_v the_o necessary_a congruity_n between_o the_o tooth_n etc._n etc._n as_o i_o have_v try_v that_o some_o part_n of_o a_o iron_n instrument_n i_o cause_v to_o be_v make_v will_v by_o no_o mean_n fit_v one_o within_o another_o when_o expanded_a by_o much_o heat_n and_o though_o cold_a be_v the_o cause_n of_o the_o expansion_n the_o effect_n may_v be_v the_o same_o though_o at_o other_o time_n they_o will_v and_o if_o we_o know_v whether_o spring_n lose_v any_o thing_n of_o their_o elasticity_n by_o the_o violence_n of_o the_o cold_a we_o may_v thence_o also_o be_v assist_v to_o guess_v whether_o the_o frost_n operation_n upon_o the_o spring_n of_o captain_n james_n watch_n for_o he_o mention_n that_o as_o distinct_a from_o his_o clock_n may_v contribute_v any_o thing_n to_o the_o force_v it_o to_o stand_v still_o but_o these_o be_v bare_a conjecture_n from_o which_o i_o will_v therefore_o pass_v on_o to_o the_o follow_a section_n title_n viii_o experiment_n touch_v the_o contraction_n of_o liquor_n by_o cold._n 1._o but_o notwithstanding_o all_o the_o former_a experiment_n we_o must_v not_o conclude_v universal_o that_o all_o liquor_n be_v dispose_v to_o be_v expanded_a by_o cold_a neither_o by_o a_o moderate_a degree_n nor_o even_o by_o so_o intense_a a_o degree_n of_o it_o as_o suffice_v to_o freeze_v or_o congeal_v the_o liquor_n expose_v to_o it_o this_o we_o have_v try_v not_o only_o in_o spirit_n of_o wine_n aqua_fw-la fortis_fw-la oil_n of_o turpentine_n and_o divers_a other_o liquor_n that_o we_o can_v not_o bring_v to_o freeze_v but_o also_o in_o oil_n congeal_v by_o the_o vehemence_n of_o cold_a so_o that_o as_o to_o the_o change_n of_o dimension_n produce_v in_o liquor_n by_o cold_a there_o must_v be_v a_o great_a difference_n allow_v betwixt_o water_n and_o aqueous_a liquor_n on_o the_o one_o side_n and_o oil_n and_o divers_a other_o liquor_n that_o be_v some_o of_o they_o of_o a_o oleaginous_a and_o some_o of_o a_o very_a spirituous_a or_o a_o very_o high_o corrosive_a nature_n on_o the_o other_o side_n nor_o have_v we_o yet_o make_v trial_n enough_o to_o reduce_v this_o matter_n to_o a_o certainty_n for_o though_o we_o can_v not_o bring_v some_o strong_a saline_n spirit_n nor_o the_o most_o of_o chemical_a oil_n to_o freeze_v yet_o in_o some_o our_o attempt_n succeed_v not_o ill_a but_o i_o remember_v not_o that_o in_o any_o liquor_n we_o can_v by_o cold_a produce_v any_o sensible_a expansion_n but_o rather_o a_o manifest_a condensation_n unless_o we_o can_v bring_v it_o actual_o to_o freeze_v 2._o the_o trial_n we_o make_v of_o the_o efficacy_n of_o cold_a to_o condense_a liquor_n be_v many_o but_o it_o may_v for_o the_o present_a suffice_v to_o set_v down_o two_o or_o three_o differ_v one_o that_o occur_v to_o we_o in_o our_o collection_n to_o the_o entry_n of_o the_o experiment_n late_o recite_v of_o the_o expansion_n of_o milk_n urine_n and_o the_o rhenish_a wine_n there_o be_v subjoin_v these_o word_n but_o the_o egg_n that_o hold_v the_o spirit_n of_o wine_n though_o it_o be_v much_o small_a than_o we_o usual_o employ_v and_o fit_v with_o a_o proportionable_o slender_a stem_n and_o though_o it_o be_v keep_v divers_a hour_n partly_o in_o ice_n and_o salt_n and_o partly_o in_o snow_n and_o salt_n yet_o it_o freeze_v not_o at_o all_o but_o subside_v by_o degree_n below_o the_o first_o mark_n to_o the_o quantity_n of_o ¾_n of_o a_o inch_n in_o the_o stem_n and_o though_o it_o afterward_o seem_v to_o rise_v a_o little_a yet_o it_o never_o swell_v up_o again_o to_o the_o say_v first_o mark_n 3._o we_o take_v a_o round_a bolthead_n of_o about_o in_o diameter_n and_o pour_v in_o mercury_n till_o it_o reach_v a_o pretty_a way_n into_o the_o neck_n which_o be_v purposely_o draw_v more_o slender_a than_o ordinary_a and_o have_v without_o approach_v it_o to_o the_o fire_n free_v it_o from_o some_o of_o the_o large_a bubble_n of_o air_n that_o appear_v at_o the_o side_n we_o put_v it_o into_o a_o mixture_n of_o ice_n and_o salt_n where_o the_o cold_a so_o wrought_v upon_o it_o that_o watch_v it_o attentive_o we_o can_v discern_v not_o only_o its_o have_v move_v but_o its_o motion_n downward_o which_o it_o continue_v though_o not_o visible_o in_o the_o progress_n as_o at_o the_o first_o till_o it_o be_v subside_v in_o the_o neck_n two_o inch_n or_o better_a which_o be_v far_o more_o than_o can_v be_v attribute_v to_o the_o contraction_n of_o any_o sensible_a aerial_a particle_n though_o they_o have_v lose_v not_o only_o the_o 30._o part_n of_o their_o dimension_n as_o we_o have_v sometime_o observe_v of_o the_o air_n but_o have_v be_v contract_v to_o a_o point_n and_o we_o observe_v too_o that_o the_o quicksilver_n once_o thus_o infrigidate_v though_o not_o freeze_v retain_v some_o of_o the_o acquire_v cold_a for_o many_o hour_n after_o as_o appear_v by_o its_o keep_n below_o the_o mark_n of_o its_o first_o height_n though_o we_o have_v keep_v it_o all_o night_n in_o a_o warm_a room_n 4._o we_o take_v a_o small_a egg_n with_o a_o proportionable_o slender_a stem_n into_o which_o we_o pour_v common_a oil_n till_o it_o rise_v a_o pretty_a way_n but_o not_o much_o above_o the_o oval_a part_n of_o the_o glass_n then_o have_v put_v a_o mark_n upon_o the_o station_n of_o the_o liquor_n we_o place_v the_o vessel_n in_o snow_n and_o salt_n and_o observe_v it_o not_o to_o swell_v as_o other_o liquor_n but_o to_o subside_o with_o cold_a till_o be_v quite_o freeze_v or_o congeal_v it_o appear_v to_o be_v shrink_v about_o a_o inch_n or_o more_o beneath_o the_o mark_n then_o be_v thaw_v it_o swell_v again_o to_o the_o mark_n 5._o the_o experiment_n be_v repeat_v the_o second_o time_n with_o not_o much_o worse_a success_n but_o we_o find_v that_o if_o the_o glass_n be_v remove_v out_o of_o the_o snow_n into_o some_o place_n near_o the_o fire_n the_o hot_a air_n will_v not_o only_o thaw_v it_o but_o so_o rarify_v it_o as_o to_o make_v it_o ascend_v above_o the_o mark_n a_o three_o time_n we_o seal_v up_o the_o same_o oil_n in_o the_o same_o glass_n and_o repeat_v the_o experiment_n with_o like_a success_n to_o that_o we_o have_v the_o second_o time_n and_o that_o the_o freeze_a oil_n be_v real_o condense_v we_o find_v because_o it_o will_v sink_v in_o oil_n of_o the_o same_o kind_a cold_a but_o unfrozen_a and_o this_o notwithstanding_o divers_a bubble_n which_o we_o observe_v usual_o to_o be_v make_v about_o each_o lump_n of_o congeal_a oil_n that_o we_o cast_v in_o upon_o its_o begin_n to_o sink_v in_o the_o fluid_a oil_n this_o we_o try_v both_o with_o oil_n well_o congeal_v or_o if_o another_o word_n please_v better_a incrassated_a or_o curl_a by_o snow_n and_o salt_n and_o with_o oil_n less_o congeal_v freeze_a by_o the_o bare_a cold_a of_o the_o ambient_fw-la air_n but_o this_o latter_a seem_v to_o sight_n to_o sink_v more_o slow_o than_o the_o other_o as_o be_v less_o congeal_v and_o ponderous_a yet_o will_v not_o lump_n of_o the_o mass_n of_o oil_n sink_v or_o continue_v immerse_v i_o say_v not_o in_o common_a water_n but_o in_o sack_n or_o
claret-wine_n and_o if_o thrust_v down_o into_o either_o of_o these_o liquor_n they_o nimble_o enough_o emerge_v 6._o whether_o or_o no_o chemical_a oil_n though_o like_v express_v oil_n they_o shrink_v with_o a_o moderate_a degree_n of_o cold_a will_v by_o congelation_n be_v like_v they_o contract_v or_o like_o aqueous_a liquor_n expanded_a we_o can_v not_o satisfy_v ourselves_o by_o experiment_n because_o we_o be_v unable_a to_o advance_v cold_a to_o a_o degree_n capable_a of_o bring_v such_o oil_n to_o congelation_n only_o we_o have_v thought_n to_o make_v a_o trial_n with_o oil_n of_o aniseed_n distil_v with_o water_n in_o a_o limbeck_n in_o regard_n that_o though_o it_o be_v a_o very_a subtle_a liquor_n and_o as_o chemist_n call_v it_o a_o essential_a oil_n and_o though_o in_o the_o summer_n time_n and_o at_o some_o other_o season_n if_o the_o weather_n be_v warm_a it_o will_v remain_v fluid_a yet_o in_o the_o winter_n when_o the_o air_n be_v cold_a it_o will_v if_o it_o be_v well_o draw_v and_o genuine_a easy_o enough_o lose_v its_o fluidity_n and_o therefore_o we_o think_v it_o may_v do_v well_o to_o pour_v some_o of_o it_o in_o moderate_a weather_n into_o a_o convenient_o shape_a glass_n and_o then_o to_o freeze_v it_o external_o by_o the_o application_n of_o ice_n and_o salt_n that_o we_o may_v observe_v whether_o upon_o congelation_n it_o will_v shrink_v or_o be_v expanded_a and_o according_o though_o we_o be_v not_o provide_v with_o any_o quantity_n of_o this_o oil_n yet_o in_o weather_n that_o be_v not_o sharp_a we_o do_v by_o the_o help_n of_o some_o ice_n which_o we_o procure_v when_o the_o season_n make_v it_o a_o rarity_n surround_v a_o glass_n pipe_n fill_v with_o fluid_a oil_n of_o aniseed_n and_o find_v though_o the_o pipe_n be_v but_o short_a yet_o the_o enclose_a substance_n when_o it_o have_v lose_v its_o fluidity_n have_v considerable_o lose_v of_o the_o height_n which_o it_o reach_v to_o before_o 7._o and_o because_o the_o empyreumatical_a oil_n that_o be_v drive_v out_o of_o retort_v by_o somewhat_o violent_a fire_n seem_v to_o be_v of_o a_o nature_n differ_v enough_o from_o those_o essential_a oil_n as_o artist_n call_v they_o which_o be_v draw_v in_o limbeck_n by_o the_o help_n of_o water_n as_o well_o as_o fire_n and_o because_o we_o observe_v that_o some_o of_o the_o firm_a oil_n may_v be_v use_v in_o physic_n in_o much_o large_a dose_n then_o it_o be_v think_v safe_a to_o give_v the_o latter_a in_o conjecture_v from_o hence_o that_o probable_o empyreumatical_a oil_n may_v be_v less_o hot_a and_o so_o less_o indispose_v to_o congelation_n we_o think_v fit_a to_o make_v trial_n no_o body_n else_o in_o probability_n have_v do_v it_o whether_o the_o cold_a in_o our_o climate_n can_v be_v bring_v to_o freeze_v these_o oil_n and_o whether_o it_o will_v expand_v or_o condense_a they_o wherefore_o expose_v in_o convenient_o shape_v vessel_n some_o good_a oil_n of_o guajacum_fw-la that_o be_v diaphanous_a enough_o though_o very_o high_o colour_v to_o the_o great_a cold_a we_o can_v produce_v we_o attempt_v but_o in_o vain_a to_o deprive_v it_o of_o its_o fluidity_n all_o that_o we_o be_v able_a to_o effect_v be_v to_o make_v it_o very_o manifest_o shrink_v title_n ix_o experiment_n in_o consort_n touch_v the_o bubble_n from_o which_o the_o levity_n of_o ice_n be_v suppose_v to_o proceed_v 1._o since_o the_o first_o thing_n that_o make_v the_o modern_n suspect_v that_o water_n be_v expanded_a by_o freeze_a be_v the_o float_v of_o ice_n upon_o water_n it_o will_v not_o be_v 〈◊〉_d for_o confirmation_n of_o that_o argument_n to_o take_v some_o notice_n of_o the_o 〈◊〉_d of_o ice_n in_o respect_n of_o water_n this_o be_v best_a observe_v in_o great_a quantity_n of_o ice_n for_o whereas_o in_o small_a fragment_n or_o plate_n the_o ice_n though_o it_o 〈◊〉_d not_o to_o the_o bottom_n of_o the_o water_n will_v oftentimes_o sink_v so_o low_a in_o it_o as_o scarce_o to_o leave_v any_o part_n evident_o extant_a above_o the_o surface_n of_o the_o water_n in_o vast_a quantity_n of_o ice_n that_o extancy_n be_v sometime_o so_o conspicuous_a that_o navigator_n in_o their_o voyage_n to_o island_n greenland_n and_o other_o freeze_a region_n complain_v of_o meeting_n with_o lump_n or_o rather_o float_v rock_n of_o ice_n as_o high_a as_o their_o main_a mast_n and_o if_o we_o shall_v meet_v with_o case_n wherein_o we_o may_v safe_o suppose_v the_o ice_n to_o be_v as_o solid_a as_o entire_a piece_n of_o ice_n be_v wont_a to_o be_v with_o we_o and_o not_o to_o be_v make_v up_o of_o icy_a fragment_n cement_v together_o with_o the_o interception_n of_o considerable_a cavity_n fill_v with_o air_n it_o will_v not_o be_v difficult_a for_o any_o that_o understand_v hydrostaticks_n to_o give_v a_o pretty_a near_o guess_n at_o the_o height_n of_o the_o extant_a part_n by_o the_o help_n of_o what_o we_o late_o observe_v of_o the_o measure_n of_o water_n expansion_n and_o by_o the_o knowledge_n of_o the_o immersed_a part_n which_o suppose_v that_o the_o ice_n be_v of_o a_o prismatical_a figure_n and_o float_v in_o a_o erect_a posture_n will_v in_o fresh_a water_n amount_v to_o about_o eight_o or_o nine_o time_n the_o length_n of_o the_o part_n of_o the_o prism_n superior_a to_o the_o surface_n of_o the_o water_n 2._o but_o because_o perhaps_o the_o great_a disparity_n in_o the_o degree_n of_o cold_a whereby_o water_n be_v in_o this_o and_o in_o those_o gelid_a climate_n turn_v into_o ice_n may_v breed_v a_o difference_n in_o the_o expansion_n of_o the_o freeze_a water_n and_o because_o some_o other_o circumstance_n may_v be_v needful_a to_o be_v take_v into_o consideration_n about_o the_o height_n of_o float_a ice_n above_o water_n and_o these_o will_v be_v more_o proper_o take_v notice_n of_o under_o the_o follow_a title_n i_o shall_v only_o upon_o this_o head_n of_o the_o levity_n of_o ice_n subjoin_v the_o ensue_a transcript_n of_o one_o of_o our_o note_n concern_v that_o subject_n we_o find_v that_o piece_n of_o ice_n clear_a and_o free_a for_o aught_o the_o eye_n can_v take_v notice_n of_o from_o bubble_n will_v not_o be_v make_v to_o sink_v in_o spirit_n of_o wine_n once_o distil_v from_o brandy_n and_o it_o float_v likewise_o in_o strong_a spirit_n of_o wine_n draw_v from_o quick_a lime_n but_o if_o the_o spirit_n of_o wine_n be_v well_o warm_v such_o ice_n as_o i_o mention_v will_v sink_v in_o it_o though_o as_o it_o grow_v cold_a the_o same_o ice_n will_v slow_o ascend_v and_o sometime_o remain_v for_o a_o while_n as_o if_o it_o be_v suspend_v without_o sensible_o rise_v or_o fall_v but_o all_o this_o while_n the_o ice_n thaw_v apace_o in_o the_o water_n whereinto_o it_o be_v dissolve_v do_v manifest_o seem_v to_o run_v down_o like_o a_o stream_n through_o the_o light_a body_n of_o the_o spirit_n of_o wine_n the_o diversity_n of_o the_o refraction_n make_v this_o easy_a to_o be_v take_v notice_n of_o yet_o common_a water_n though_o heat_v as_o hot_a as_o i_o can_v endure_v to_o hold_v the_o glass_n in_o my_o hand_n will_v not_o let_v the_o fragment_n of_o the_o same_o parcel_n of_o ice_n sink_v into_o it_o but_o in_o oil_n of_o turpentine_n and_o in_o thrice_o rectify_v spirit_n of_o wine_n the_o ice_n will_v sink_v like_o a_o stone_n 3._o that_o the_o levity_n of_o ice_n in_o respect_n of_o water_n proceed_v from_o the_o bubble_n that_o be_v produce_v in_o it_o and_o make_v the_o water_n when_o congeal_v take_v up_o more_o room_n than_o when_o fluid_a have_v scarce_o be_v doubt_v by_o any_o that_o have_v consider_v the_o texture_n of_o ice_n as_o well_o as_o take_v notice_n of_o its_o levity_n but_o if_o this_o be_v the_o true_a and_o only_a reason_n we_o may_v conjecture_v that_o there_o must_v be_v great_a store_n of_o bubble_n in_o ice_n extreme_o minute_n and_o undiscerned_a by_o the_o naked_a eye_n for_o though_o in_o very_o many_o parcel_n of_o ice_n the_o bubble_n be_v as_o well_o conspicuous_a as_o numerous_a insomuch_o that_o they_o render_v the_o ice_n whitish_a and_o opacous_a yet_o we_o have_v observe_v that_o other_o piece_n will_v swim_v which_o yet_o be_v of_o a_o almost_o crystalline_a clearness_n and_o therefore_o we_o think_v fit_a to_o look_v upon_o some_o clear_a piece_n of_o ice_n in_o a_o microscope_n and_o we_o shall_v subjoin_v the_o event_n because_o that_o when_o we_o behold_v some_o of_o this_o ice_n in_o one_o of_o our_o microscope_n which_o have_v be_v count_v by_o several_a of_o the_o curious_a as_o good_a a_o magnifier_n as_o perhaps_o any_o be_v in_o the_o world_n we_o can_v not_o discover_v such_o store_n of_o bubble_n as_o it_o seem_v there_o shall_v appear_v upon_o the_o supposition_n that_o the_o adequate_a cause_n of_o the_o levity_n and_o expansion_n of_o freeze_a water_n be_v
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weather_n be_v settle_v the_o sky_n be_v wont_n for_o a_o very_a long_a time_n to_o be_v very_o serene_a and_o 〈◊〉_d and_o here_o in_o england_n we_o usual_o observe_v the_o sharp_a frosty_a night_n to_o be_v the_o clear_a but_o to_o confirm_v our_o observation_n by_o a_o very_a remarkable_a instance_n i_o shall_v borrow_v it_o 〈◊〉_d a_o navigator_n very_o curious_a of_o celestial_a observation_n which_o circumstance_n i_o mention_v to_o bring_v the_o great_a credit_n to_o the_o follow_a observation_n of_o captain_n james_n which_o in_o his_o journal_n be_v thus_o deliver_v the_o thirty_o and_o one_o 62._o and_o thirty_o of_o january_n there_o appear_v in_o the_o begin_n of_o the_o night_n more_o star_n in_o the_o firmament_n than_o ever_o i_o have_v before_o see_v by_o two_o three_o i_o can_v see_v the_o cloud_n in_o cancer_n full_a of_o small_a star_n 20._o to_o determine_v what_o effect_n the_o coldness_n of_o the_o air_n may_v have_v upon_o the_o refraction_n of_o the_o luminary_n and_o other_o star_n i_o look_v upon_o as_o a_o work_n of_o no_o small_a difficulty_n and_o that_o will_v require_v much_o consideration_n as_o well_o as_o time_n wherefore_o i_o shall_v only_o add_v two_o or_o three_o narrative_n supply_v i_o by_o navigator_n without_o add_v at_o present_a any_o thing_n to_o the_o matter_n of_o fact_n 21._o the_o first_o be_v that_o famous_a observation_n of_o the_o dutch_a in_o nova_n zembla_n who_o take_v great_a pain_n to_o evince_v by_o several_a circumstance_n some_o of_o they_o high_o probable_a that_o they_o be_v not_o mistake_v in_o their_o account_n of_o time_n according_a to_o which_o they_o conclude_v that_o they_o see_v the_o sun_n who_o they_o have_v lose_v sight_n of_o eleven_o week_n before_o about_o fourteen_o day_n soon_o than_o he_o ought_v to_o have_v appear_v to_o they_o which_o difference_n have_v be_v for_o aught_o i_o know_v to_o the_o contrary_a by_o all_o that_o have_v take_v notice_n of_o it_o ascribe_v to_o the_o strange_o great_a refraction_n in_o that_o gelid_a and_o northern_a air_n 22._o and_o as_o for_o that_o other_o extreme_o cold_a country_n where_o captain_n james_n winter_v it_o appear_v by_o his_o journal_n that_o he_o there_o make_v divers_a celestial_a and_o other_o observation_n which_o give_v he_o opportunity_n to_o take_v notice_n of_o the_o refraction_n and_o he_o seem_v to_o complain_v that_o he_o find_v it_o very_o great_a though_o among_o the_o particular_n he_o take_v notice_n of_o there_o be_v some_o that_o seem_v not_o very_o strange_a nor_o be_v there_o any_o that_o be_v near_o so_o wonderful_a as_o that_o new_o mention_v of_o the_o hollander_n in_o nova_n zembla_n however_o in_o regard_n of_o the_o extreme_a coldness_n of_o the_o winter_n air_n in_o charleton_n island_n it_o may_v be_v worth_a while_n to_o take_v notice_n of_o the_o follow_a passage_n
ascribe_v to_o the_o resolve_a ice_n may_v have_v proceed_v from_o that_o which_o will_v not_o have_v be_v take_v notice_n of_o by_o a_o ordinary_a experimenter_n for_o as_o i_o not_o long_o since_o intimate_v i_o have_v sometime_o purposely_o and_o sometime_o by_o chance_n by_o thaw_v ice_n in_o close_v vessel_n somewhat_o hasty_o produce_v a_o copious_a dew_n on_o the_o outside_n of_o the_o vessel_n which_o dew_n as_o be_v make_v by_o the_o condense_v vapour_n of_o the_o ambient_fw-la air_n aught_o to_o be_v wipe_v off_o before_o the_o vessel_n be_v put_v into_o the_o scale_n to_o weigh_v the_o melt_a ice_n and_o it_o be_v possible_a also_o that_o helmont_n may_v have_v err_v in_o the_o manner_n of_o weigh_v his_o lagena_fw-la whatever_o he_o mean_v by_o it_o it_o be_v usual_a even_o for_o learned_a man_n that_o be_v not_o verse_v in_o statick_n to_o mistake_v in_o experiment_n which_o require_v that_o thing_n be_v skilful_o and_o nice_o weigh_v how_o far_o this_o excuse_n may_v be_v 12._o apply_v to_o a_o late_a commentator_n upon_o aristotle_n meteor_n who_o say_v he_o try_v that_o water_n freeze_v be_v heavy_a than_o unfrozen_a be_v a_o stranger_n to_o that_o author_n write_n i_o shall_v not_o consider_v only_o whereas_o helmont_n and_o he_o seem_v to_o agree_v very_o little_a in_o their_o affirmation_n it_o will_v be_v perhaps_o more_o difficult_a to_o accord_v they_o then_o to_o determine_v by_o the_o help_n of_o our_o former_o register_v experiment_n what_o may_v be_v think_v of_o both_o their_o relation_n yet_o i_o shall_v add_v on_o this_o occasion_n that_o if_o i_o have_v not_o devise_v the_o above_o mention_v way_n of_o freeze_a water_n by_o art_n in_o hermetical_o seal_v glass_n i_o shall_v have_v find_v it_o difficult_a to_o reduce_v what_o be_v affirm_v by_o manelphus_n which_o i_o then_o dream_v not_o of_o to_o a_o accurate_a experiment_n for_o though_o i_o have_v employ_v a_o seal_a glass_n which_o i_o have_v not_o hear_v that_o he_o or_o any_o other_o have_v yet_o make_v use_n of_o to_o that_o purpose_n yet_o if_o i_o have_v in_o that_o vessel_n expose_v the_o water_n to_o be_v freeze_v the_o common_a way_n it_o be_v odds_o though_o it_o be_v not_o absolute_o certain_a that_o the_o water_n beginning_n as_o it_o be_v wont_a to_o congeal_v at_o the_o top_n the_o expansion_n of_o the_o subsequent_o freeze_a water_n will_v break_v the_o glass_n and_o so_o spoil_v the_o experiment_n and_o for_o the_o same_o reason_n i_o have_v sometime_o in_o vain_a attempt_v to_o examine_v the_o weight_n of_o water_n freeze_v by_o nature_n according_a to_o her_o wont_a method_n in_o open_a vial_n and_o if_o instead_o of_o glass_n you_o make_v use_v of_o strong_a earthen_a vessel_n there_o be_v danger_n that_o something_o may_v be_v imbibe_v or_o adhere_v to_o the_o porous_a vessel_n and_o increase_v the_o weight_n and_o by_o some_o such_o way_n or_o by_o some_o mistake_n in_o weigh_v it_o be_v very_o probable_a manelphus_n may_v have_v be_v deceive_v which_o i_o be_o the_o more_o incline_v to_o think_v if_o we_o suppose_v he_o a_o sincere_a writer_n not_o only_o because_o of_o some_o thing_n i_o have_v take_v notice_n of_o about_o congelation_n make_v in_o earthen_a vessel_n but_o because_o when_o i_o have_v instead_o of_o a_o earthen_a make_v use_v of_o a_o metalline_a pottinger_n both_o which_o sort_n of_o vessel_n have_v in_o common_a this_o inconvenience_n that_o their_o ponderousness_n make_v they_o less_o fit_a for_o accurate_a scale_n there_o appear_v cause_n to_o suspect_v either_o that_o our_o author_n do_v not_o use_v metalline_a vessel_n or_o which_o i_o rather_o suspect_v that_o he_o want_v skill_n or_o diligence_n in_o weigh_v for_o as_o i_o find_v no_o intimation_n of_o his_o have_v employ_v any_o peculiar_a or_o artificial_a sort_n of_o vessel_n so_o if_o he_o use_v such_o as_o we_o have_v new_o be_v speak_v of_o and_o have_v weigh_v they_o careful_o i_o can_v but_o think_v that_o instead_o of_o find_v the_o ice_n heavy_a than_o the_o water_n it_o be_v make_v of_o he_o will_v have_v rather_o find_v it_o light_a for_o i_o remember_v that_o have_v once_o expose_v all_o night_n a_o pottinger_n almost_o full_a of_o common_a water_n to_o a_o exceed_o sharp_a air_n and_o have_v cause_v it_o the_o next_o morning_n to_o be_v bring_v i_o when_o the_o liquor_n be_v thorough_o freeze_v i_o find_v it_o to_o have_v lose_v about_o 50._o grain_n if_o i_o misremember_v not_o of_o its_o former_a weight_n and_o though_o this_o event_n be_v consonant_a enough_o to_o my_o conjecture_n yet_o for_o great_a certainty_n i_o repeat_v the_o experiment_n another_o 〈◊〉_d night_n with_o this_o new_a caution_n that_o the_o pottinger_n and_o water_n together_o with_o the_o counterpoise_n be_v keep_v suspend_v in_o the_o scale_n to_o be_v sure_a that_o no_o effusion_n of_o any_o part_n of_o the_o water_n in_o carry_v it_o abroad_o to_o the_o open_a air_n shall_v be_v make_v without_o be_v take_v notice_n of_o but_o the_o next_o morning_n somewhat_o late_o the_o vessel_n with_o the_o contain_v water_n now_o congeal_v appear_v to_o have_v lose_v about_o 60._o grain_n and_o with_o the_o like_a success_n the_o trial_n be_v reiterated_a once_o more_o and_o that_o in_o weather_n so_o sharp_a that_o i_o be_o not_o apt_a to_o think_v the_o water_n expose_v by_o manelphus_n begin_v to_o freeze_v soon_o than_o we_o but_o the_o event_n be_v not_o unexpected_a for_o beside_o that_o i_o consider_v that_o in_o these_o kind_n of_o experiment_n part_n of_o the_o water_n notwithstanding_o the_o exceed_a coldness_n of_o the_o air_n must_v in_o all_o likelihood_n fly_v away_o before_o the_o surface_n of_o it_o begin_v to_o be_v congeal_v i_o judge_v it_o not_o improbable_a that_o not_o only_o the_o fluid_a part_n but_o even_o that_o which_o be_v already_o congeal_v may_v continual_o lose_v some_o of_o its_o corpuscle_n and_o by_o their_o recess_n lose_v also_o somewhat_o of_o its_o weight_n and_o lest_o these_o conjecture_n shall_v seem_v too_o too_o unlikely_a it_o will_v not_o be_v amiss_o to_o add_v in_o favour_n of_o the_o first_o of_o they_o that_o have_v purposely_o provide_v a_o large_a pewter_n box_n with_o a_o cover_n to_o screw_v on_o it_o and_o have_v fill_v it_o almost_o full_a of_o water_n i_o say_v almost_o because_o if_o the_o vessel_n have_v be_v quite_o full_a the_o congeal_a cold_a may_v have_v burst_v it_o and_o careful_o weigh_v the_o aggregate_v of_o both_o which_o amount_v to_o 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d gr_n 11._o whereof_o the_o vessel_n weigh_v 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d and_o gr_o 8._o we_o expose_v the_o water_n after_o the_o top_n of_o the_o pot_n be_v screw_v on_o to_o hinder_v the_o avolation_n of_o it_o to_o the_o freeze_a air_n all_o night_n and_o the_o next_o morning_n find_v it_o freeze_v from_o the_o top_n to_o the_o bottom_n though_o not_o uniform_o and_o perfect_o but_o find_v not_o one_o grain_n difference_n betwixt_o its_o present_a and_o its_o former_a weight_n and_o as_o for_o the_o second_o conjecture_n new_o propose_v though_o it_o may_v seem_v somewhat_o strange_a yet_o it_o be_v confirmable_a by_o this_o experiment_n that_o have_v place_v divers_a lump_n of_o solid_a ice_n in_o a_o pottinger_n which_o together_o with_o they_o weigh_v a_o pound_n consist_v of_o 16_o 〈◊〉_d and_o have_v expose_v these_o thing_n in_o the_o same_o scale_n wherein_o they_o be_v weigh_v to_o the_o free_a air_n on_o a_o very_a frosty_a night_n we_o find_v the_o ice_n to_o have_v lose_v the_o next_o morning_n 24._o grain_n of_o its_o weight_n and_o the_o weather_n continue_v so_o cold_a that_o it_o freeze_v hard_o all_o day_n long_o in_o the_o shade_n i_o give_v order_n to_o have_v it_o keep_v out_o of_o the_o sun_n in_o the_o same_o scale_n during_o all_o that_o time_n and_o a_o good_a part_n of_o the_o follow_a night_n and_o then_o weigh_v it_o the_o second_o time_n find_v that_o the_o whole_a decrement_n of_o weight_n do_v now_o amount_v to_o five_o grain_n above_o two_o drachm_n though_o the_o weight_n of_o the_o ice_n without_o the_o pottinger_n be_v but_o about_o seven_o ounce_n and_o when_o we_o have_v keep_v about_o 13._o ounce_n of_o ice_n in_o a_o very_a frosty_a night_n expose_v to_o the_o cold_a air_n it_o have_v lose_v as_o early_o as_o the_o next_o morning_n a_o good_a deal_n above_o two_o drachm_n of_o its_o former_a weight_n but_o these_o statical_a observation_n have_v perhaps_o already_o but_o too_o much_o swell_v this_o appendix_n title_n xxi_o promiscuous_a experiment_n and_o observation_n concern_v cold._n 1._o i_o hope_v it_o will_v not_o be_v imagine_v that_o i_o have_v such_o narrow_a thought_n of_o the_o subject_n i_o treat_v of_o cold_a as_o to_o believe_v that_o i_o have_v comprise_v under_o those_o few_o title_n prefix_v to_o the_o
section_n of_o this_o historical_a treatise_n all_o the_o particular_n that_o i_o know_v to_o belong_v to_o so_o comprehensive_a a_o theme_n as_o will_v ready_o appear_v if_o i_o think_v it_o convenient_a to_o insert_v here_o the_o scheme_n of_o article_n of_o inquiry_n that_o i_o draw_v up_o to_o direct_v myself_o what_o inquiry_n and_o experiment_n to_o make_v but_o though_o there_o be_v divers_a of_o those_o head_n to_o which_o i_o can_v say_v so_o little_a that_o i_o judge_v it_o improper_a to_o assign_v they_o distinct_a title_n because_o as_o to_o some_o of_o they_o i_o have_v not_o time_n and_o opportunity_n to_o make_v those_o trial_n which_o if_o i_o have_v not_o want_v those_o requisite_n may_v have_v be_v make_v even_o here_o in_o england_n and_o because_o also_o as_o to_o more_o of_o they_o i_o conceive_v myself_o unable_a to_o produce_v in_o this_o temperate_a climate_n so_o strong_a and_o durable_a a_o cold_a as_o seem_v necessary_a to_o make_v the_o trial_n that_o may_v be_v refer_v to_o they_o succeed_v so_o far_o as_o to_o satisfy_v my_o doubt_n either_o affirmative_o or_o negative_o though_o i_o say_v these_o and_o some_o other_o consideration_n keep_v i_o from_o increase_v the_o number_n of_o the_o title_n among_o which_o i_o have_v distribute_v the_o experiment_n and_o observation_n that_o make_v up_o the_o forego_n part_n of_o this_o treatise_n yet_o since_o divers_a particular_n have_v occur_v to_o i_o which_o though_o they_o seem_v not_o proper_o reducible_a to_o the_o forego_n title_n do_v yet_o belong_v to_o the_o subject_n and_o design_n of_o this_o treatise_n i_o think_v it_o fit_a to_o annex_v they_o in_o this_o place_n and_o without_o any_o other_o order_n than_o that_o wherein_o they_o shall_v happen_v to_o occur_v to_o i_o throw_v they_o into_o this_o one_o section_n together_o with_o some_o loose_a experiment_n and_o divers_a relation_n that_o i_o have_v meet_v with_o among_o navigator_n and_o author_n that_o have_v travel_v into_o the_o northern_a climate_n touch_v cold_a not_o forbear_v to_o insert_v promiscuous_o among_o they_o some_o few_o paralipomena_fw-la which_o if_o they_o have_v seasonable_o come_v to_o my_o hand_n or_o into_o my_o mind_n may_v have_v have_v a_o more_o proper_a place_n among_o the_o forego_n section_n or_o have_v compose_v a_o title_n by_o themselves_o wherefore_o though_o the_o observation_n will_v not_o be_v altogether_o unaccompanied_a with_o experiment_n yet_o for_o the_o reason_n above_o intimate_v much_o the_o great_a part_n of_o what_o be_v to_o be_v deliver_v under_o this_o title_n will_v consist_v of_o collection_n out_o of_o voyage_n in_o which_o the_o strange_a thing_n mention_v be_v such_o as_o we_o can_v examine_v by_o our_o own_o trial_n i_o can_v equitable_o be_v think_v answerable_a for_o the_o truth_n of_o nothing_o but_o the_o citation_n 2._o i_o remember_v i_o try_v at_o several_a time_n divers_a experiment_n to_o discover_v whether_o or_o no_o congelation_n will_v by_o constriction_n of_o the_o pore_n of_o body_n or_o vitiate_a their_o texture_n or_o arrest_v the_o motion_n of_o their_o part_n hinder_v they_o from_o emit_v those_o effluvia_fw-la that_o we_o call_v odour_n but_o the_o register_n of_o these_o observation_n be_v unhappy_o lose_v in_o one_o of_o my_o late_a remove_n i_o dare_v add_v but_o these_o few_o wherein_o i_o have_v no_o cause_n to_o distrust_v my_o memory_n 3._o i_o do_v in_o the_o month_n of_o december_n and_o january_n at_o several_a time_n gather_v differ_v sort_n of_o flower_n in_o frosty_a weather_n but_o in_o most_o when_o they_o be_v fresh_o gather_v and_o hasty_o smell_v to_o i_o can_v scarce_o perceive_v any_o sensible_a smell_n whether_o it_o be_v that_o the_o cause_n above_o hinted_a hinder_v the_o expiration_n of_o the_o odoriferous_a steam_n or_o that_o the_o cold_a have_v some_o undiscerned_a influence_n upon_o the_o organ_n of_o smell_v which_o make_v the_o sense_n more_o dull_a or_o that_o the_o same_o cold_a keep_v the_o alimental_a juice_n of_o the_o flower_n from_o rise_v in_o such_o plenty_n and_o abound_v so_o much_o with_o spirituous_a part_n as_o be_v usual_a at_o the_o more_o friendly_a season_n of_o the_o year_n and_o this_o seem_v the_o more_o likely_a to_o be_v one_o reason_n of_o the_o phaenomenon_n because_o most_o of_o the_o flower_n be_v flaggy_a and_o as_o it_o be_v ready_a to_o wither_v and_o because_o also_o a_o primrose_n that_o be_v vigorous_a and_o fresh_a in_o its_o kind_n have_v a_o odor_n that_o be_v manifest_o and_o it_o will_v easy_o be_v believe_v that_o it_o be_v not_o strong_o sweet_a and_o genuine_a 4._o i_o take_v also_o about_o a_o ounce_n by_o guess_n of_o rose-water_n and_o put_v it_o into_o a_o small_a vial_n after_o i_o have_v smell_v to_o it_o it_o be_v expose_v to_o freeze_v in_o the_o open_a air_n and_o when_o it_o begin_v to_o have_v ice_n in_o it_o i_o then_o smell_v to_o it_o again_o but_o find_v not_o the_o perfume_n considerable_o if_o so_o much_o as_o manifesty_n abate_v and_o last_o have_v suffer_v it_o to_o continue_v in_o the_o air_n that_o be_v then_o very_o sharp_a till_o it_o be_v quite_o freeze_v and_o discover_v no_o liquor_n when_o the_o vial_n be_v turn_v upside_o down_o the_o ice_n notwithstanding_o be_v not_o destitute_a of_o a_o graceful_a and_o genuine_a send_v though_o it_o seem_v somewhat_o faint_a but_o after_o the_o ice_n be_v reduce_v to_o water_n again_o the_o fragrancy_n appear_v considerable_a but_o on_o this_o occasion_n it_o will_v not_o be_v improper_a to_o subjoin_v this_o caution_n that_o care_n must_v be_v have_v in_o trial_n of_o this_o nature_n to_o make_v one_o estimate_n betimes_o for_o if_o a_o man_n shall_v stay_v too_o long_o about_o it_o there_o be_v danger_n that_o the_o warmth_n of_o one_o breath_n and_o face_n may_v relax_v the_o pore_n or_o thaw_v the_o surface_n of_o the_o ice_n that_o be_v hold_v near_o his_o nose_n and_o both_o free_a and_o excite_v the_o corpuscle_n of_o smell_n that_o be_v imprison_v there_o that_o so_o instead_o of_o ice_n he_o may_v smell_v a_o liquor_n the_o reasonableness_n of_o which_o advertisement_n may_v be_v justify_v by_o a_o experiment_n that_o i_o be_o about_o to_o annex_v for_o be_v pretty_a well_o confirm_v by_o the_o casual_a and_o unwilling_a observation_n of_o one_o of_o my_o friend_n curious_a in_o make_v sweet_a water_n that_o even_o liquor_n more_o easy_a to_o be_v spoil_v then_o rose-water_n will_v not_o have_v their_o fragrancy_n destroy_v though_o perhaps_o impair_v nor_o so_o much_o as_o their_o odour_n for_o the_o time_n quite_o imprison_v and_o suppress_v by_o congelation_n and_o this_o appear_a congruous_a to_o what_o i_o former_o note_v of_o the_o effluvium_n that_o may_v by_o the_o decrement_n of_o weight_n be_v gather_v to_o issue_v from_o ice_n itself_o i_o think_v it_o worth_a while_n to_o try_v whether_o stink_a liquor_n will_v not_o be_v more_o alter_v by_o congelation_n then_o odoriferous_a one_o and_o according_o have_v procure_v some_o rain_n water_n that_o have_v be_v keep_v in_o a_o tub_n till_o it_o stink_v so_o strong_o that_o i_o can_v hardly_o endure_v it_o near_o my_o nose_n i_o cause_v a_o pottinger_n 〈◊〉_d of_o it_o to_o be_v expose_v all_o night_n to_o a_o very_a sharp_a air_n and_o examine_v it_o the_o next_o morning_n when_o it_o be_v all_o turn_v into_o ice_n neither_o i_o nor_o some_o other_o to_o who_o it_o be_v offer_v can_v perceive_v any_o stink_n at_o all_o in_o it_o and_o have_v in_o another_o place_n but_o with_o as_o stink_a water_n repeat_v the_o experiment_n when_o the_o pottinger_n be_v the_o next_o morning_n bring_v to_o my_o bed_n side_n i_o find_v it_o to_o smell_v abominable_o whereupon_o guess_v that_o this_o difference_n proceed_v from_o some_o thaw_n make_v by_o the_o warmth_n of_o the_o room_n in_o the_o superficial_a part_n of_o the_o ice_n i_o find_v it_o to_o be_v so_o indeed_o partly_o by_o the_o help_n of_o the_o light_n which_o discover_v a_o little_a liquor_n upon_o the_o ice_n and_o partly_o by_o expose_v the_o vessel_n with_o that_o liquor_n in_o it_o to_o the_o cold_a air_n again_o by_o who_o operation_n a_o ice_n be_v produce_v that_o be_v perfect_o inodorous_a and_o i_o remember_v that_o one_o of_o these_o parcel_n of_o ice_n be_v thaw_v seem_v to_o be_v less_o stink_a then_o before_o season_n it_o have_v be_v freeze_v and_o if_o i_o have_v not_o be_v divert_v i_o shall_v have_v try_v whether_o this_o ice_n that_o do_v not_o emit_v odour_n will_v emit_v like_o other_o ice_n effluvia_fw-la discoverable_a by_o the_o scale_n for_o whether_o the_o ice_n will_v lose_v of_o its_o weight_n which_o seem_v the_o more_o probable_a or_o will_v not_o the_o event_n may_v afford_v a_o not_o inconsiderable_a hint_n 5._o it_o be_v a_o thing_n not_o only_o remarkable_a
but_o scarce_o credible_a that_o though_o the_o cold_a have_v such_o strange_a and_o tragical_a effect_n at_o musco_n and_o elsewhere_o in_o cold_a country_n as_o we_o have_v former_o mention_v especial_o a_o little_a after_o the_o begin_n of_o this_o 18._o and_o somewhere_o in_o the_o 19_o section_n yet_o this_o happen_v to_o the_o russian_n and_o livonian_o themselves_z who_o not_o only_o by_o live_v in_o such_o a_o country_n must_v be_v accustom_v to_o bitter_a cold_n but_o who_o to_o harden_v themselves_o to_o the_o cold_a have_v use_v themselves_o and_o thereby_o bring_v themselves_o to_o be_v able_a to_o pass_v to_o a_o great_a degree_n of_o cold_a from_o no_o less_o a_o degree_n of_o heat_n without_o any_o visible_a prejudice_n to_o their_o health_n for_o i_o remember_v that_o have_v inquire_v of_o a_o virtuoso_fw-la of_o unquestionable_a credit_n whether_o the_o report_n of_o our_o merchant_n concern_v this_o strange_a custom_n of_o the_o muscovite_n and_o livonian_o be_v certain_o true_a he_o assure_v i_o that_o it_o be_v so_o at_o least_o as_o to_o the_o livonian_o among_o who_o be_v in_o their_o country_n he_o have_v know_v it_o practise_v and_o the_o same_o be_v affirm_v to_o i_o by_o a_o ingenious_a person_n a_o doctor_n of_o divinity_n that_o have_v occasion_n some_o year_n since_o to_o make_v a_o journey_n to_o musco_n and_o the_o tradition_n be_v abundant_o confirm_v by_o olearius_n who_o testimony_n we_o shall_v subjoin_v because_o this_o seem_v one_o of_o the_o eminent_a and_o least_o credible_a instance_n that_o we_o have_v yet_o meet_v with_o of_o the_o strange_a power_n that_o custom_n may_v have_v even_o upon_o the_o body_n of_o man_n '_o it_o be_v a_o wonderful_a thing_n say_v he_o to_o see_v how_o far_o 168._o those_o body_n speak_v of_o the_o russian_n that_o be_v accustom_v and_o harden_v to_o the_o cold_a can_v endure_v heat_n and_o how_o when_o it_o make_v they_o ready_a to_o faint_v they_o go_v out_o of_o their_o stove_n stark_o naked_a both_o man_n and_o woman_n and_o cast_v themselves_o into_o cold_a water_n or_o cause_v it_o to_o be_v pour_v upon_o their_o body_n and_o even_o in_o winter_n wallow_v in_o the_o snow_n to_o which_o passage_n our_o author_n add_v from_o his_o own_o observation_n particular_a example_n of_o the_o truth_n of_o what_o he_o deliver_v 6._o i_o have_v several_a year_n since_o the_o curiosity_n to_o try_v whether_o there_o be_v any_o truth_n in_o that_o tradition_n which_o be_v confident_o affirm_v and_o experience_n by_o some_o be_v pretend_v for_o it_o that_o the_o beam_n of_o the_o moon_n be_v cold_a but_o though_o i_o be_v not_o able_a to_o find_v any_o such_o matter_n either_o by_o the_o ununited_a beam_n of_o the_o moon_n or_o by_o the_o same_o beam_n concentre_v by_o such_o burning-glass_n as_o i_o then_o have_v yet_o have_v some_o year_n after_o furnish_v myself_o with_o 〈◊〉_d large_a and_o extraordinary_a good_a mettalline_a concave_n i_o resolve_v to_o try_v whether_o those_o beam_n be_v not_o only_o devoid_a of_o cold_a but_o also_o somewhat_o warmish_n since_o they_o be_v the_o sunbeam_n though_o reflect_v from_o the_o moon_n and_o we_o see_v that_o his_o beam_n though_o reflect_v from_o glass_n not_o shape_v for_o burn_v may_v yet_o produce_v some_o not_o insensible_a degree_n of_o warmth_n but_o notwithstanding_o my_o care_n to_o make_v my_o trial_n in_o clear_a weather_n when_o the_o moon_n be_v about_o the_o full_a and_o if_o i_o misremember_v not_o with_o a_o weà ther-glass_n i_o can_v not_o perceive_v by_o any_o concentration_n of_o the_o lunar_a beam_n no_o not_o upon_o a_o black_a object_n that_o her_o light_n do_v produce_v any_o sensible_a degree_n either_o of_o cold_a or_o heat_n but_o perhaps_o other_o with_o very_o large_a glass_n may_v be_v more_o successful_a in_o their_o trial_n 7._o on_o this_o occasion_n i_o shall_v add_v that_o meet_v the_o other_o day_n in_o a_o bookseller_n shop_n with_o the_o work_n of_o the_o learned_a physician_n sanctorius_n who_o i_o look_v upon_o as_o a_o inquisitive_a man_n consider_v when_o and_o where_o he_o live_v a_o picture_n draw_v my_o eye_n to_o take_v off_o a_o experiment_n whereby_o he_o think_v to_o evince_v the_o light_n of_o the_o moon_n to_o be_v considerable_o hot_a which_o he_o say_v he_o try_v by_o a_o burning-glass_n through_o which_o the_o moon_n light_n be_v cast_v upon_o the_o ball_n of_o a_o common_a weatherglass_n the_o water_n be_v thereby_o depress_v a_o good_a way_n as_o appear_v to_o many_o of_o his_o disciple_n amid_o who_o the_o observation_n be_v make_v but_o though_o this_o may_v invite_v i_o when_o opportunity_n shall_v serve_v to_o repeat_v my_o trial_n yet_o i_o must_v till_o then_o suspend_v my_o assent_n to_o his_o conclusion_n for_o my_o burning-glass_n be_v much_o better_o then_o by_o the_o narrative_a his_o seem_v to_o have_v be_v and_o my_o trial_n be_v perhaps_o at_o least_o as_o careful_o and_o impartial_o make_v as_o his_o experiment_n in_o which_o this_o may_v probable_o have_v impose_v upon_o he_o that_o perform_v the_o experiment_n a_o company_n of_o his_o scholar_n while_o they_o stand_v round_o about_o his_o thermoscope_n and_o stoop_v as_o in_o likelihood_n their_o curiosity_n make_v they_o to_o do_v to_o see_v by_o so_o dim_a a_o light_a the_o event_n of_o the_o experiment_n the_o unheeded_a warmth_n of_o their_o breath_n and_o body_n may_v unaware_o to_o sanctorius_n somewhat_o affect_v the_o air_n include_v in_o the_o weatherglass_n and_o by_o 〈◊〉_d it_o cause_n that_o depression_n of_o the_o water_n which_o he_o ascribe_v to_o the_o moon_n beam_n but_o because_o this_o be_v a_o conjecture_n i_o intend_v if_o god_n permit_v to_o repeat_v the_o experiment_n when_o i_o shall_v have_v opportunity_n to_o do_v with_o a_o more_o tender_a weatherglass_n than_o i_o have_v by_o i_o when_o i_o make_v my_o former_a observation_n to_o the_o xi_o title_n by_o the_o unsuccesfulness_n of_o the_o former_a attempt_n make_v with_o a_o iron_n instrument_n i_o be_v invite_v especial_o be_v at_o another_o place_n where_o i_o be_v unfurnish_a with_o such_o hollow_a iron_n ball_n as_o be_v mention_v num._n the_o 10._o to_o substitute_v the_o follow_a experiment_n i_o cause_v a_o skilful_a smith_n to_o take_v a_o pistol_n barrel_n guess_v to_o be_v of_o about_o two_o foot_n in_o length_n and_o of_o a_o proportionable_a bore_n and_o when_o he_o have_v by_o rivet_v in_o a_o piece_n of_o iron_n exact_o stop_v the_o touchhole_n i_o cause_v he_o to_o fit_a to_o the_o nose_n of_o the_o barrel_n a_o screw_n to_o go_v as_o close_o as_o well_o he_o can_v make_v it_o and_o then_o have_v fill_v it_o to_o the_o very_a top_n with_o water_n i_o cause_v the_o screw_n to_o be_v thrust_v in_o which_o can_v not_o be_v do_v without_o the_o effusion_n of_o some_o of_o the_o water_n as_o forcible_o as_o the_o party_n i_o employ_v be_v able_a to_o do_v it_o that_o the_o water_n dilate_v by_o congelation_n may_v not_o either_o drive_v out_o the_o screw_n or_o get_v between_o it_o and_o the_o top_n of_o the_o barrel_n and_o have_v then_o suspend_v this_o barrel_n in_o a_o perpendicular_a posture_n in_o the_o free_a air_n in_o a_o very_a cold_a 〈◊〉_d which_o then_o unexpected_o happen_v and_o give_v i_o the_o 〈◊〉_d of_o make_v the_o trial_n i_o find_v the_o next_o morning_n that_o the_o 〈◊〉_d water_n have_v thrust_v out_o a_o great_a part_n of_o the_o screw_n notwithstanding_o that_o to_o fill_v up_o interval_n i_o have_v oil_v it_o before_o and_o be_v get_v out_o betwixt_o the_o remain_a part_n of_o it_o and_o the_o barrel_n as_o appear_v by_o some_o ice_n that_o be_v get_v out_o and_o stick_v round_o about_o the_o screw_n wherefore_o the_o bitter_a cold_a continue_v one_o day_n long_o i_o do_v the_o next_o night_n cause_n the_o interval_n that_o may_v be_v leave_v betwixt_o the_o male_a and_o female_a screw_n to_o be_v fill_v up_o with_o melt_a bee_n wax_v which_o i_o presume_v will_v keep_v the_o screw_n from_o be_v turn_v by_o the_o water_n and_o have_v in_o other_o point_v proceed_v as_o former_o i_o find_v the_o next_o morning_n that_o the_o screw_v hold_v as_o i_o desire_v and_o the_o precede_a night_n have_v be_v exceed_v bitter_a the_o cold_a have_v so_o forcible_o congeal_v and_o expanded_a the_o water_n that_o it_o burst_v the_o iron_n barrel_n somewhat_o near_o the_o top_n and_o make_v a_o considerable_a and_o oblique_a crack_n in_o it_o about_o which_o a_o pretty_a quantity_n of_o ice_n appear_v to_o stick_v beside_o that_o there_o be_v three_o or_o four_o other_o flaw_n at_o some_o of_o which_o small_a quantity_n of_o water_n appear_v to_o have_v get_v out_o at_o the_o same_o time_n that_o i_o bespeak_v this_o iron_n barrel_n of_o the_o smith_n i_o order_v he_o to_o get_v i_o a_o brass_n
one_o fill_v up_o after_o the_o same_o manner_n to_o make_v the_o experiment_n the_o more_o satisfactory_a but_o though_o he_o can_v not_o procure_v it_o yet_o the_o success_n be_v not_o unwelcome_a because_o it_o be_v manifest_a that_o there_o be_v crack_n in_o the_o iron_n in_o one_o place_n conspicuous_a and_o in_o other_o easy_o discoverable_a by_o blow_v into_o the_o barrel_n and_o put_v on_o the_o outside_n of_o the_o suspect_a part_n either_o spittle_n or_o some_o fit_a liquor_n who_o agitation_n plain_o disclose_v the_o egress_n of_o the_o wind_n and_o there_o appear_v small_a cause_n to_o doubt_v but_o that_o these_o crack_n be_v produce_v by_o the_o operation_n of_o the_o cold_a since_o not_o only_o the_o smith_n be_v a_o skilful_a man_n in_o his_o trade_n and_o one_o that_o i_o use_v to_o employ_v about_o instrument_n and_o also_o the_o barrel_n have_v be_v sometime_o keep_v many_o hour_n fill_v with_o water_n without_o appear_v other_o then_o very_o staunch_v but_o which_o be_v the_o considerabl_a circumstance_n the_o night_n before_o the_o frost_n as_o i_o late_o note_v be_v not_o able_a to_o make_v the_o water_n break_v out_o at_o any_o of_o these_o cleft_n though_o it_o be_v able_a to_o force_v itself_o a_o way_n out_o at_o the_o screw_n in_o spite_n of_o all_o the_o care_n we_o have_v take_v to_o make_v it_o go_v close_o i_o have_v only_o this_o circumstance_n to_o add_v about_o this_o matter_n that_o when_o by_o thaw_v one_o part_n of_o the_o ice_n some_o piece_n of_o the_o rest_n be_v get_v out_o of_o the_o barrel_n all_o i_o take_v notice_n of_o appear_v to_o be_v full_a enough_o of_o bubble_n but_o yet_o such_o as_o seem_v lesser_a than_o ordinary_a whether_o they_o be_v so_o by_o chance_n or_o be_v determine_v to_o be_v so_o by_o the_o resistance_n or_o compression_n which_o the_o freeze_a water_n find_v upon_o its_o endeavour_v to_o expand_v itself_o in_o the_o barrel_n appendix_n to_o the_o xvii_o title_n long_a since_o the_o write_n of_o the_o forego_n section_n meet_v with_o a_o passage_n in_o bartholinus_n where_o he_o vouch_v cabaeus_n for_o the_o experiment_n of_o congeal_a water_n without_o limit_v it_o to_o any_o season_n of_o the_o year_n by_o put_v salt_n 〈◊〉_d into_o it_o and_o shake_v it_o strong_o i_o be_v thereby_o confirm_v that_o i_o be_v not_o mistake_v in_o suppose_v that_o gassendus_fw-la mention_v in_o the_o former_a section_n do_v not_o exclude_v that_o corporal_a and_o visible_a nitre_n out_o of_o the_o number_n of_o the_o grand_a efficient_n of_o congelation_n for_o cabaeus_n have_v publish_v his_o comment_n upon_o aristotle_n meteor_n whence_o this_o experiment_n be_v take_v by_o bartholinus_n before_o gassendus_fw-la publish_v his_o book_n it_o be_v probable_a that_o he_o as_o well_o as_o other_o borrow_v the_o experiment_n from_o he_o and_o cabaeus_n as_o bartholinus_n quote_v he_o prescribe_v the_o put_v the_o salt-petre_a its_o self_n into_o water_n which_o be_v a_o while_n put_v into_o a_o brisk_a motion_n will_v after_o some_o agitation_n not_o only_o refrigerate_v that_o water_n but_o bring_v it_o to_o a_o true_a and_o proper_a congelation_n wherefore_o suspect_v that_o this_o relation_n wherein_o bartholinus_n say_v he_o will_v believe_v he_o without_o a_o oath_n may_v have_v give_v rise_v to_o the_o opinion_n and_o affirmation_n of_o those_o ingenious_a writer_n that_o have_v since_o ascribe_v such_o wonderful_a coldness_n to_o nitre_n and_o find_v in_o bartholinus_n that_o cabaeus_n proportion_n betwixt_o the_o nitre_n and_o the_o water_n be_v that_o of_o 35._o to_o a_o 100_o that_o be_v almost_o as_o one_o to_o three_o i_o think_v it_o very_o well_o worth_a while_n to_o make_v trial_n of_o a_o experiment_n which_o seem_v to_o i_o little_o less_o unlikely_a than_o considerable_a i_o take_v then_o a_o pound_n of_o good_a salt-petre_a and_o near_o 3._o pound_n of_o common_a water_n to_o observe_v the_o more_o narrow_o cabaeus_n proportion_n these_o be_v put_v into_o a_o large_a new_a pipkin_n be_v keep_v constant_o and_o nimble_o stir_v about_o sometime_o by_o i_o sometime_o by_o one_o or_o other_o of_o my_o domestic_n relieve_v one_o another_o when_o they_o be_v weary_a but_o though_o the_o mixture_n be_v with_o a_o kind_n of_o broad_a glass_n spittle_n keep_v in_o a_o brisk_a motion_n that_o for_o the_o most_o part_n be_v 〈◊〉_d the_o manner_n of_o a_o whirlpool_n and_o sometime_o a_o more_o confuse_a agitation_n and_o though_o we_o keep_v it_o thus_o stir_v for_o almost_o a_o hour_n and_o a_o half_a till_o we_o see_v no_o likelihood_n of_o effect_v any_o thing_n by_o try_v ourselves_o any_o further_a yet_o not_o only_o we_o can_v not_o perceive_v that_o any_o atom_n of_o true_a ice_n be_v produce_v whereas_o according_a to_o our_o author_n we_o may_v have_v expect_v a_o true_a and_o perfect_a congelation_n of_o all_o or_o the_o great_a part_n of_o the_o water_n but_o we_o do_v not_o find_v that_o there_o be_v so_o much_o as_o any_o freeze_a of_o the_o vapour_n on_o the_o outside_n of_o the_o vessel_n and_o for_o this_o reason_n we_o think_v 〈◊〉_d about_o the_o same_o time_n to_o try_v the_o experiment_n by_o another_o kind_n of_o agitation_n and_o mix_v two_o ounce_n of_o salt-petre_a with_o about_o six_o of_o water_n in_o a_o convenient_o size_v vial_n we_o do_v several_a of_o we_o successive_o vehement_o shake_v the_o vial_n too_o and_o fro_o till_o we_o be_v almost_o tire_v but_o neither_o this_o way_n be_v there_o produce_v the_o least_o ice_n within_o the_o glass_n or_o the_o least_o congelation_n of_o the_o vapour_n of_o the_o air_n on_o the_o outside_n of_o it_o it_o be_v true_a that_o when_o so_o great_a a_o proportion_n of_o salt-petre_a begin_v to_o be_v dissolve_v in_o the_o pipkin_n the_o water_n have_v a_o sensible_a increase_n of_o coldness_n which_o afterward_o seem_v to_o diminish_v when_o once_o the_o nitre_n be_v dissolve_v but_o not_o to_o mention_v that_o if_o i_o much_o mistake_v not_o we_o have_v observe_v the_o water_n to_o be_v refrigerated_a when_o upon_o the_o dissolution_n of_o common_a salt_n multitude_n of_o actual_o cold_a and_o solid_a corpuscle_n come_v to_o be_v every_o way_n disperse_v through_o it_o this_o coldness_n produce_v by_o the_o nitre_n be_v very_o far_o short_a of_o the_o degree_n requisite_a to_o congelation_n for_o to_o satisfy_v myself_o that_o my_o sense_n do_v not_o misinform_v i_o i_o take_v a_o good_a seal_a weatherglass_n of_o about_o ten_o or_o twelve_o inch_n long_o and_o immerse_v it_o into_o the_o cold_a mixture_n of_o nitre_n and_o water_n i_o observe_v the_o tinct_a spirit_n of_o wine_n in_o the_o stem_n to_o descend_v not_o inconsiderable_o and_o when_o i_o perceive_v that_o degree_n of_o cold_a to_o have_v wrought_v its_o effect_n i_o remove_v the_o thermoscope_n into_o a_o vial_n fill_v with_o common_a water_n about_o which_o i_o have_v cause_v to_o be_v place_v a_o mixture_n of_o beat_a ice_n and_o salt_n to_o 〈◊〉_d the_o contain_v 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other_o a_o contradiction_n in_o the_o relation_n itself_o since_o in_o the_o same_o voyage_n speak_v of_o the_o same_o month_n of_o december_n he_o express_o say_v that_o their_o well_o be_v then_o freeze_v up_o so_o that_o dig_v 58._o as_o deep_a as_o they_o can_v they_o can_v come_v by_o no_o water_n and_o he_o complain_v on_o that_o occasion_n of_o the_o unwholsomness_n of_o melt_a snow-water_n it_o be_v true_a that_o he_o soon_o after_o mention_n a_o spring_n that_o he_o find_v under_o a_o hill_n side_n which_o 59_o do_v not_o so_o freeze_v but_o that_o he_o can_v break_v the_o ice_n and_o come_v to_o it_o but_o by_o his_o very_a send_v far_o from_o his_o house_n to_o that_o spring_n it_o appear_v to_o have_v be_v a_o consequence_n and_o therefore_o a_o proof_n of_o the_o uselessness_n of_o his_o well_n in_o december_n as_o his_o affirmation_n that_o it_o continue_v all_o the_o year_n so_o as_o to_o be_v serviceable_a when_o the_o ice_n be_v break_v show_n that_o the_o 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