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of_o the_o party_n himself_o and_o this_o statute_n or_o decree_n have_v be_v oftentimes_o allow_v by_o public_a authority_n of_o the_o chief_a magistrate_n of_o that_o country_n as_o appear_v by_o sundry_a commission_n direct_v to_o diverse_a gentleman_n in_o that_o behalf_n owen_n gwyneth_n owen_n gwyneth_n the_o son_n of_o gruffyth_n ap_fw-mi conan_n in_o the_o year_n 1140._o cynwric_n the_o son_n of_o owen_n be_v slay_v by_o the_o man_n of_o madoc_n ap_fw-mi meredyth_n ap_fw-mi blethyn_n ap_fw-mi convyn_n 1140_o and_o the_o next_o year_n after_o king_n stephen_n with_o a_o great_a army_n do_v besiege_v lincoln_n 36._o against_o who_o come_v ranulph_n earl_n of_o chester_n &_o robert_n earl_n of_o gloucester_n with_o his_o father_n in_o law_n and_o the_o baron_n which_o be_v disinherit_v to_o raise_v the_o siege_n but_o before_o they_o come_v the_o town_n be_v win_v then_o pass_v a_o dangerous_a marish_a they_o camp_v hard_a by_o the_o king_n ready_a to_o give_v he_o battle_n who_o likewise_o bring_v forth_o his_o man_n in_o three_o battle_n in_o the_o first_o be_v these_o alan_n earl_n of_o britain_n the_o earl_n of_o mellent_a hugh_n bygod_n earl_n of_o norfolk_n simon_n earl_n of_o hampton_n and_o earl_n warren_n in_o the_o second_o the_o earl_n of_o albemarle_n and_o william_n of_o ypres_n a_o noble_a man_n &_o a_o worthy_a soldier_n and_o in_o the_o three_o the_o king_n with_o baldwyn_n fitzgilbert_n and_o a_o great_a number_n of_o noble_n more_o and_o of_o the_o other_o part_n the_o disinherited_a baron_n have_v the_o first_o place_n ibidem_fw-la the_o earl_n of_o chester_n with_o his_o succour_n of_o wales_n better_a courage_v than_o arm_v have_v the_o second_o place_n and_o the_o earl_n of_o gloucester_n lead_v the_o last_o battle_n these_o after_o a_o cruel_a fight_n take_v the_o king_n prisoner_n 105._o and_o afterward_o the_o queen_n and_o
part_n of_o his_o army_n with_o guide_n of_o the_o country_n to_o burn_v bangor_n who_o do_v so_o take_v rotpert_a the_o bishop_n prisoner_n who_o be_v afterward_o ransom_v for_o 200._o hawk_n then_o the_o prince_n see_v all_o england_n and_o wales_n against_o he_o &_o a_o great_a part_n of_o his_o land_n win_v from_o he_o think_v it_o best_a to_o entreat_v with_o the_o king_n and_o thereupon_o he_o send_v jone_n his_o wife_n the_o king_n daughter_n to_o her_o father_n to_o make_v a_o peace_n who_o be_v a_o discreet_a woman_n find_v the_o mean_n that_o upon_o pledge_n give_v for_o safe_a conduct_v the_o prince_n come_v to_o the_o king_n and_o make_v peace_n with_o he_o and_o do_v he_o homage_n then_o give_v he_o pledge_n he_o promise_v unto_o he_o towards_o his_o charge_n 20000._o head_n of_o cattle_n and_o forty_o horse_n moreover_o he_o grant_v to_o the_o king_n the_o inland_a for_o ever_o whereupon_o the_o king_n return_v to_o england_n with_o great_a triumph_n after_o that_o he_o have_v bring_v all_o wales_n under_o his_o subjection_n save_v rees_n &_o owen_n the_o son_n of_o gruffyth_n ap_fw-mi rees_n therefore_o at_o his_o departure_n he_o give_v straight_o commandment_n to_o foulke_n viscount_n of_o caerdyff_fw-mi call_v warden_n of_o the_o march_n a_o cruel_a tyrant_n but_o yet_o well_o love_v of_o the_o king_n to_o take_v a_o army_n with_o he_o that_o he_o join_v with_o maelgon_n and_o rees_n vachan_n may_v compel_v the_o aforesaid_a son_n of_o gruffyth_n to_o obey_v he_o 99_o this_o foulke_n or_o falcasius_n de_fw-fr breant_fw-la a_o norman_a bear_v and_o a_o bastard_n be_v a_o cruel_a and_o a_o wicked_a man_n be_v call_v by_o king_n john_n to_o his_o aid_n against_o the_o baron_n who_o use_v himself_o cruel_o towards_o they_o for_o which_o cause_n she_o say_v king_n give_v he_o in_o marriage_n margaret_n de_fw-fr riparijs_fw-la a_o inheritrice_n of_o great_a possession_n this_o foulke_n call_v unto_o he_o maelgon_n and_o rees_n come_v to_o the_o cantref_o of_o penwedic_n then_o the_o young_a lord_n see_v no_o remedy_n send_v to_o he_o for_o peace_n and_o safeconduct_n to_o pass_v to_o the_o court_n which_o he_o grant_v they_o when_o they_o come_v to_o the_o court_n upon_o their_o submission_n to_o the_o king_n with_o the_o gift_n of_o all_o their_o land_n betwixt_o aeron_n and_o dyvi_n they_o be_v receive_v of_o he_o very_o gentle_o and_o curteouslie_o entreat_v and_o after_o they_o have_v do_v he_o homage_n they_o return_v home_o again_o then_o foulke_n before_o his_o departure_n out_o of_o the_o country_n fortify_v the_o castle_n of_o aberystwyth_n and_o man_v it_o to_o the_o king_n behoof_n but_o within_o a_o while_n maelgon_n as_o he_o be_v very_o unconstant_a and_o rees_n vachan_n repent_v they_o of_o the_o peace_n they_o have_v make_v with_o the_o king_n and_o thereupon_o lay_v siege_n to_o the_o castle_n of_o aberystwyth_n &_o get_v the_o same_o destroy_v it_o when_o their_o nephew_n rees_n and_o owen_n see_v that_o their_o uncle_n have_v break_v the_o king_n peace_n they_o make_v a_o road_n unto_o maelgons_n country_n and_o slay_v a_o great_a number_n of_o his_o man_n and_o return_v with_o a_o rich_a booty_n the_o next_o year_n prince_n lhewelyn_n be_v not_o able_a to_o abide_v the_o displeasure_n which_o the_o garrison_n that_o the_o king_n leave_v in_o his_o nephew_n castle_n in_o north-wales_n do_v to_o his_o people_n call_v to_o he_o gwenwynwyn_n from_o powy_n maelgon_fw-mi ap_fw-mi rees_n from_o southwales_n madoc_n ap_fw-mi gruffyth_fw-mi maylor_n from_o bromfield_n meredyth_n ap_fw-mi rotpert_n from_o cydewen_n and_o open_v to_o they_o this_o miserable_a case_n how_o they_o which_o be_v wont_v to_o have_v a_o prince_n of_o their_o own_o nation_n now_o by_o their_o own_o wilfulness_n be_v bring_v in_o subjection_n to_o a_o stranger_n and_o declare_v also_o unto_o they_o how_o that_o if_o they_o will_v agree_v among_o themselves_o they_o may_v defend_v their_o ancient_a estate_n still_o which_o thing_n they_o all_o promise_v to_o do_v &_o swear_v fealty_n to_o prince_n lhewelyn_n &_o forthwith_o gather_v a_o army_n &_o win_v all_o the_o castle_n save_v ruthlan_n &_o dyganwy_n then_o come_v to_o powy_n mathraval_a they_o lay_v siege_n to_o the_o castle_n which_o robert_n vepont_n have_v make_v at_o mathraval_a but_o when_o the_o king_n be_v inform_v of_o all_o this_o he_o levy_v a_o army_n and_o come_v thither_o to_o raise_v the_o siege_n and_o after_o cause_v the_o castle_n to_o be_v raze_v &_o then_o return_v home_o have_v great_a matter_n in_o hand_n between_o he_o &_o his_o noble_n then_o be_v at_o nottingham_n 309._o &_o hear_v how_o the_o prince_n of_o wales_n destroy_v all_o the_o march_n he_o cause_v the_o pledge_n which_o he_o have_v receive_v the_o last_o year_n to_o be_v hang_v as_o howel_n the_o son_n of_o cadwalhon_n madoc_n the_o son_n of_o maelgon_n 573._o and_o other_o to_o the_o number_n of_o 28._o stripling_n also_o robert_n vepont_n do_v hang_v at_o shrewesburie_n rees_n the_o son_n of_o maelgon_n not_o be_v yet_o seven_o year_n of_o age_n and_o so_o cruel_o murder_v the_o innocent_a to_o revenge_v the_o offence_n of_o other_o in_o the_o mean_a while_n that_o the_o king_n remain_v at_o nottingham_n 309._o he_o receive_v letter_n from_o the_o princess_n of_o north-wales_n his_o daughter_n declare_v that_o his_o noble_n have_v conspire_v with_o the_o french_a king_n against_o he_o and_o for_o proof_n thereof_o she_o allege_v that_o robert_n fitzwater_n eustace_n de_fw-fr vescy_n and_o stephan_n ridell_n be_v secretelie_o flee_v into_o france_n and_o that_o the_o french_a king_n prepare_v a_o army_n to_o come_v to_o england_n under_o the_o colour_n that_o the_o king_n be_v a_o rebel_n from_o the_o church_n for_o that_o he_o will_v not_o condescend_v to_o the_o bishop_n of_o rome_n request_n the_o year_n 1213._o 1213_o innocentius_n pope_n of_o rome_n do_v release_v prince_n lhewelyn_n gwenwynwyn_n and_o maelgon_n cognosceuseos_fw-la of_o those_o oath_n that_o they_o have_v make_v to_o king_n john_n and_o will_v they_o under_o the_o pain_n of_o curse_v to_o annoie_n and_o trouble_v he_o all_o that_o they_o can_v as_o the_o enemy_n of_o the_o church_n whereupon_o forthwith_o lhewelyn_n receive_v all_o the_o inland_a country_n which_o to_o this_o time_n be_v in_o the_o king_n hand_n but_o within_o a_o little_a after_o the_o king_n by_o the_o persuasion_n of_o pandulph_n the_o legate_n grant_v the_o pope_n his_o request_n and_o obtain_v absolution_n at_o his_o hand_n and_o releasement_n of_o the_o interdiction_n upon_o performance_n of_o his_o promise_n 318._o then_o king_n john_n hear_v how_o the_o french_a king_n be_v in_o flanders_n and_o have_v a_o great_a navy_n at_o dam_n purpose_v to_o bring_v the_o earldom_n into_o his_o subjection_n 578._o send_v william_n de_fw-fr longaspata_n earl_n of_o salisbury_n reginald_n earl_n of_o boleyn_n and_o hugh_n de_fw-fr nova_fw-la villa_n or_o nevil_n thither_o with_o a_o great_a navy_n who_o overthrow_v the_o frenchman_n and_o return_v home_o with_o great_a spoil_n short_o after_o king_n john_n sail_v to_o rochel_n where_o the_o earl_n of_o those_o march_n and_o geffrey_n de_fw-fr landanamo_n be_v reconcile_v to_o he_o 586._o the_o year_n follow_v king_n john_n make_v peace_n with_o the_o french_a king_n for_o five_o year_n then_o rees_n son_n to_o gruffyth_fw-mi ap_fw-mi rees_n which_o be_v heir_n to_o prince_n rees_n see_v he_o can_v have_v no_o part_n of_o his_o father_n land_n but_o that_o his_o uncle_n do_v keep_v all_o from_o he_o by_o force_n make_v his_o complaint_n to_o the_o king_n and_o the_o king_n pittieng_v his_o estate_n send_v to_o foulke_n viscount_n of_o caerdyff_fw-mi warden_n of_o the_o march_n and_o to_o the_o steward_n of_o hereford_n command_v they_o to_o take_v all_o stratywy_a from_o rees_n vachan_n who_o other_o call_n rees_n gryc_a unless_o he_o will_v let_v his_o nephew_n enjoy_v the_o castle_n of_o lhavymdhyfry_n with_o the_o territory_n belong_v thereto_o and_o they_o send_v to_o rees_n to_o know_v his_o mind_n who_o answer_v they_o stout_o that_o they_o shall_v not_o have_v one_o foot_n of_o land_n of_o he_o therefore_o foulke_n gather_v a_o great_a army_n and_o meet_v with_o young_a rees_n at_o talhwynelgain_o where_o he_o look_v for_o he_o with_o a_o number_n of_o man_n that_o he_o have_v get_v in_o brechnock_n and_o thence_o they_o march_v in_o three_o battle_n towards_o dynevowr_n of_o which_o young_a rees_n lead_v the_o first_o foulke_n the_o second_o and_o owen_n brother_n to_o rees_n the_o three_o then_o rees_n vachan_n come_v bold_o and_o give_v they_o battle_n where_o in_o the_o end_n he_o be_v put_v to_o flight_n with_o the_o loss_n of_o a_o great_a number_n of_o his_o man_n then_o he_o go_v straight_o and_o man_v the_o castle_n of_o dinevowr_n and_o burn_v the_o town_n of_o
for_o i_o in_o september_n last_o request_v i_o to_o peruse_v and_o correct_v it_o in_o such_o sort_n as_o it_o may_v be_v commit_v to_o the_o press_n but_o i_o know_v myself_o to_o be_v far_o unable_a to_o perform_v and_o accomplish_v those_o thing_n which_o be_v requisite_a to_o the_o publish_n of_o such_o a_o history_n and_o be_v otherwise_o call_v and_o employ_v be_v very_o loath_a any_o thing_n to_o meddle_v therein_o and_o so_o excuse_v myself_o yet_o he_o conceive_v a_o better_a opinion_n of_o i_o than_o there_o be_v cause_n will_v needs_o have_v i_o to_o do_v my_o endeavour_n in_o that_o behalf_n who_o request_n i_o be_v not_o of_o duty_n to_o gainsay_v or_o withstand_v and_o thereupon_o i_o promise_v to_o do_v my_o best_a which_o travel_n two_o thing_n have_v cause_v i_o to_o be_v the_o more_o willing_a to_o take_v it_o in_o hand_n first_o because_o i_o see_v the_o politic_a and_o martial_a act_n of_o all_o other_o inhabitant_n of_o this_o island_n in_o the_o time_n of_o their_o government_n to_o be_v set_v out_o to_o the_o uttermost_a and_o that_o by_o diverse_a and_o sundry_a writer_n and_o the_o whole_a do_n and_o government_n of_o the_o briton_n the_o first_o inhabitant_n of_o the_o land_n who_o continue_v their_o rule_n long_o than_o any_o other_o nation_n 2._o to_o be_v nothing_o speak_v of_o nor_o regard_v of_o any_o especialie_a since_o the_o reign_n of_o cadwallader_n have_v so_o many_o monument_n of_o antiquity_n to_o declare_v and_o testify_v the_o same_o if_o any_o will_v take_v the_o pain_n to_o open_v and_o discover_v they_o to_o the_o view_n of_o the_o world_n the_o second_o thing_n that_o move_v i_o thereunto_o be_v the_o slanderous_a report_n of_o such_o writer_n as_o in_o their_o book_n do_v enforce_v every_o thing_n that_o be_v do_v by_o the_o welshman_n to_o their_o discredit_n leave_v out_o all_o the_o cause_n and_o circumstance_n of_o the_o same_o which_o do_v most_o common_o not_o only_o elevate_v or_o dissemble_v all_o the_o injury_n and_o wrong_n offer_v and_o do_v to_o the_o welshman_n but_o also_o conceal_v or_o deface_v all_o the_o act_n worthy_a of_o commendation_n achieve_v by_o they_o search_v the_o common_a chronicle_n touch_v the_o welshman_n and_o common_o thou_o shall_v find_v that_o the_o king_n send_v some_o noble_a man_n or_o other_o with_o a_o army_n to_o wales_n to_o withstand_v the_o rebellious_a attempt_n the_o proud_a stomach_n the_o presumptuous_a pride_n stir_v trouble_n and_o rebellion_n of_o the_o fierce_a unquiet_a crake_a fickle_a and_o unconstant_a welshman_n and_o no_o open_a fact_n lay_v down_o to_o charge_v they_o withal_o why_o war_n shall_v be_v levy_v against_o they_o nor_o yet_o they_o swerve_v abroad_o out_o of_o their_o own_o country_n to_o trouble_v other_o man_n now_o this_o history_n do_v show_v the_o cause_n and_o circumstance_n of_o most_o of_o those_o war_n whereby_o the_o quality_n of_o the_o action_n may_v be_v judge_v and_o certeinlie_o no_o man_n be_v a_o indifferent_a witness_n against_o he_o who_o he_o count_v his_o enemy_n or_o adversary_n for_o evil_a will_v never_o speak_v well_o the_o welshman_n be_v by_o the_o saxon_n and_o norman_n count_v enemy_n before_o the_o twelve_o year_n of_o edward_n the_o first_o while_o they_o have_v a_o governor_n among_o themselves_o and_o afterward_o when_o king_n edward_n have_v bring_v the_o country_n to_o his_o subjection_n he_o place_v english_a officer_n to_o keep_v they_o under_o to_o who_o most_o common_o he_o give_v the_o forfeits_n and_o possession_n of_o such_o welshman_n as_o disobey_v his_o law_n and_o refuse_v to_o be_v rule_v by_o the_o say_a officer_n the_o like_a do_v the_o other_o king_n that_o come_v after_o he_o the_o say_v officer_n be_v think_v oftentimes_o to_o be_v over-severe_a and_o rigorous_a for_o their_o own_o profit_n &_o commodity_n which_o thing_n cause_v the_o people_n often_o to_o disobeie_v &_o many_o time_n like_o desperate_a man_n to_o seek_v revengement_n have_v those_o for_o their_o judge_n which_o be_v make_v by_o their_o overthrow_n and_o also_o want_v indifferency_n in_o their_o cause_n and_o matter_n of_o grief_n for_o the_o king_n always_o countenance_v and_o believe_v their_o own_o officer_n by_o they_o prefer_v and_o put_v in_o trust_n before_o their_o accuser_n who_o they_o like_v not_o of_o whereupon_o the_o inhabitant_n of_o england_n favour_v their_o countryman_n and_o friend_n report_v not_o the_o best_a of_o the_o welshman_n this_o hatred_n and_o dislike_n be_v so_o increase_v by_o the_o stir_n and_o rebellion_n of_o owen_n glyndoure_n that_o it_o bring_v forth_o such_o grievous_a law_n as_o few_o christian_a king_n ever_o give_v or_o publish_v the_o like_a to_o their_o subject_n these_o thing_n be_v so_o any_o man_n may_v easy_o perceive_v the_o very_a occasion_n of_o those_o parentheseis_n and_o brief_a note_n of_o rebellion_n and_o trouble_v object_v to_o the_o welshman_n without_o open_v of_o cause_n or_o declaration_n of_o 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