pay_v for_o all_o and_o the_o ship_n shall_v also_o be_v liable_a thereunto_o according_a to_o indifferent_a judgement_n if_o by_o storm_n a_o ship_n break_v loose_a and_o run_v upon_o another_o and_o indamage_v the_o same_o the_o loss_n to_o be_v repair_v as_o aforesaid_a if_o a_o ship_n receive_v damage_n by_o the_o anchor_n of_o another_o ship_n have_v his_o boy_n the_o same_o be_v to_o pay_v the_o damage_n and_o if_o both_o ship_n be_v in_o fault_n than_o the_o same_o to_o be_v bear_v proportionable_o when_o a_o ship_n be_v safe_o arrive_v to_o his_o place_n of_o discharge_n the_o mariner_n be_v to_o be_v diligent_a to_o look_v to_o their_o discharge_n good_n of_o discharge_v of_o ship_n and_o deliver_v of_o good_n upon_o pain_n of_o half_a wage_n no_o master_n shall_v sell_v any_o of_o the_o ship_n victual_n unless_o it_o be_v to_o prevent_v some_o loss_n and_o so_o bring_v the_o money_n to_o account_v or_o upon_o necessity_n of_o other_o to_o help_v they_o in_o distress_n and_o the_o remain_a victual_n he_o be_v to_o deliver_v to_o the_o owner_n and_o the_o mariner_n shall_v take_v no_o part_n thereof_o after_o discharge_n and_o the_o purser_n of_o the_o ship_n be_v to_o look_v to_o the_o safe_a keep_n of_o it_o the_o mariner_n be_v not_o to_o cast_v the_o ballast_n into_o the_o water_n but_o to_o cause_v the_o same_o to_o be_v carry_v to_o the_o appoint_a place_n etc._n of_o the_o master_n reckon_n and_o of_o the_o lade_n etc._n etc._n the_o master_n be_v to_o deliver_v instant_o upon_o his_o discharge_n a_o true_a account_n etc._n etc._n the_o portage_n of_o mariner_n shall_v not_o be_v allow_v for_o spain_n nor_o france_n etc._n etc._n but_o when_o they_o be_v lade_v with_o salt_n than_o they_o may_v have_v it_o homeward_o wagesextraordinarie_a of_o wagesextraordinarie_a the_o mariner_n deserve_v well_o be_v to_o have_v certain_a extraordinary_a wage_n and_o in_o all_o accident_n and_o sickness_n to_o be_v provide_v for_o all_o which_o be_v agreeable_a to_o the_o sea_n law_n before_o declare_v chap._n xxxiiii_o of_o navigation_n and_o community_n of_o the_o sea_n traffic_n and_o commerce_n without_o navigation_n will_v be_v of_o small_a moment_n therefore_o even_o as_o god_n the_o author_n and_o creator_n of_o all_o thing_n have_v make_v of_o the_o water_n and_o earth_n on_o perfect_a globe_n for_o their_o more_o mutual_a service_n to_o man_n use_n so_o have_v he_o also_o distribute_v his_o several_a and_o distinct_a blessing_n to_o diverse_a climate_n to_o the_o end_n that_o by_o supply_v the_o barrenness_n of_o some_o thing_n in_o one_o country_n with_o the_o superfluity_n and_o fruitfulness_n of_o other_o country_n there_o may_v be_v a_o communication_n and_o intercourse_n between_o all_o nation_n by_o way_n of_o traffic_n and_o commutation_n of_o thing_n interchangeable_o whetby_o one_o commonweal_n shall_v live_v with_o another_o so_o that_o traffic_n between_o all_o people_n have_v peace_n one_o with_o another_o be_v free_a and_o according_a to_o the_o common_a right_n of_o mankind_n nation_n the_o law_n of_o nation_n â—ure_n gentium_fw-la the_o navigation_n through_o all_o the_o world_n be_v no_o less_o free_a and_o open_a to_o every_o one_o than_o the_o use_n of_o the_o air_n god_n have_v so_o dispose_v of_o the_o four_o eliment_n two_o to_o swim_v above_o man_n head_n and_o two_o to_o lie_v under_o his_o foot_n the_o earth_n and_o the_o water_n hence_o it_o proceed_v that_o passage_n both_o upon_o land_n and_o sea_n through_o all_o christian_a region_n be_v and_o have_v be_v so_o indifferent_o permit_v to_o all_o person_n of_o all_o nation_n even_o to_o turk_n jew_n barbarian_n and_o pagan_n not_o be_v profess_a enemy_n much_o less_o to_o be_v restrain_v therefore_o of_o christian_n in_o all_o respect_n both_o by_o land_n and_o upon_o the_o sea_n understand_v the_o great_a main_a ocean_n sea_n which_o can_v be_v hinder_v but_o by_o the_o right_n of_o war_n this_o excellent_a art_n of_o navigation_n be_v now_o so_o much_o practise_v and_o know_v that_o the_o voyage_n heretofore_o perform_v by_o sir_n francis_n drake_n knight_n and_o after_o he_o by_o master_n candish_n sail_v round_o about_o the_o globe_n of_o the_o earth_n in_o less_o than_o three_o year_n time_n be_v become_v no_o matter_n of_o admiration_n and_o may_v be_v do_v in_o far_o short_a time_n as_o daily_a experience_n do_v prove_v marvelous_a be_v that_o natural_a property_n of_o the_o magnes_n call_v the_o loadstone_n or_o adamant_n stone_n compass_n of_o the_o variation_n of_o the_o compass_n whereby_o the_o needle_n of_o the_o compass_n be_v touch_v immediate_o turn_v to_o some_o one_o certain_a point_n of_o the_o heaven_n and_o after_o sundry_a motion_n hither_o and_o thither_o find_v rest_n only_o in_o one_o place_n and_o point_n and_o albeit_o this_o point_n in_o several_a orison_n be_v different_a yet_o in_o any_o one_o horizon_n it_o remain_v permanent_a and_o therefore_o it_o plain_o appear_v that_o the_o same_o proceed_v of_o some_o constant_a permanent_a cause_n natural_a and_o not_o of_o any_o uncertain_a cause_n accidental_a but_o what_o this_o cause_n shall_v be_v be_v hitherto_o unknown_a the_o most_o probable_a and_o best_a allow_v be_v the_o point_n attractive_a which_o shall_v be_v of_o such_o virtue_n as_o to_o draw_v the_o needle_n touch_v always_o towards_o the_o same_o point_n affirm_v that_o there_o be_v a_o great_a rock_n of_o magnes_n stone_n distant_a from_o the_o pole_n certain_a grade_n i_o have_v of_o late_a year_n see_v a_o magnes_n stone_n which_o the_o party_n say_v to_o have_v have_v from_o a_o rock_n in_o sweathland_n which_o weigh_v not_o much_o more_o than_o one_o pound_n and_o such_o be_v the_o attractive_a power_n of_o it_o that_o thereby_o a_o anchor_n of_o thirty_o pound_n weight_n be_v draw_v up_o as_o myself_o and_o diverse_a other_o have_v make_v trial_n of_o howsoever_o this_o mathematical_a reason_n follow_v be_v worthy_a the_o consideration_n of_o a_o good_a judgement_n as_o the_o axis_n of_o the_o earth_n notwithstanding_o all_o other_o motion_n remain_v as_o it_o be_v immovable_a and_o yet_o in_o respect_n of_o the_o spherical_a form_n of_o the_o earth_n in_o every_o several_a horizon_n make_v a_o line_n meridional_a by_o reason_n of_o the_o section_n make_v in_o the_o superficies_n of_o the_o orison_n by_o meridian_n have_v all_o that_o axis_n as_o their_o common_a diameter_n so_o may_v it_o also_o come_v to_o pass_v of_o the_o line_n of_o the_o needle_n and_o his_o variation_n the_o needle_n be_v always_o permanent_a in_o one_o plain_a superficies_n according_a to_o the_o several_a section_n of_o the_o plain_a wherein_o it_o rest_v and_o the_o horizon_n there_o may_v continual_o be_v make_v in_o every_o plain_a new_a variation_n for_o a_o fimile_n as_o in_o a_o pair_n of_o balance_n of_o equal_a weight_n there_o be_v a_o certain_a motion_n too_o and_o fro_o before_o they_o find_v their_o true_a place_n of_o rest_n the_o same_o be_v only_o in_o the_o level_a of_o the_o horizon_n which_o come_v to_o pass_v by_o the_o attractive_a centre_n of_o the_o earth_n who_o draw_v unto_o he_o either_o weight_n with_o like_a force_n find_v the_o substance_n like_o also_o compel_v they_o to_o rest_v in_o the_o superficies_n like_o distant_a from_o that_o attractive_a centre_n so_o in_o the_o needle_n be_v a_o body_n endue_v with_o two_o several_a property_n the_o one_o of_o gravity_n and_o the_o other_o of_o levity_n which_o be_v equal_o peize_v force_v he_o to_o abide_v in_o the_o horizon_n the_o other_o be_v magnetical_a and_o receive_v by_o the_o touch_n cause_v he_o to_o rest_v always_o in_o that_o one_o meridian_n to_o the_o magnes_n appropriate_v it_o thereby_o come_v to_o pass_v that_o after_o sundry_a balance_v this_o way_n and_o that_o way_n it_o only_o settle_v in_o the_o common_a section_n of_o this_o peculiar_a meridian_n and_o horizon_n so_o that_o even_o as_o in_o diall_n the_o line_n of_o the_o stile_n only_o accord_v and_o concur_v with_o the_o meridian_n line_n in_o such_o as_o be_v void_a of_o declination_n but_o in_o all_o such_o plain_n as_o be_v declinatorie_n the_o line_n of_o the_o style_n vari_v from_o the_o meridian_n line_n and_o the_o same_o angle_n of_o variation_n also_o alter_v as_o well_o in_o respect_n of_o inclination_n as_o declination_n so_o it_o may_v be_v suppose_v this_o variation_n of_o the_o compass_n to_o be_v nothing_o else_o but_o the_o angle_n comprehend_v between_o the_o meridian_n line_n and_o the_o common_a section_n of_o the_o magnetical_a meridian_n to_o the_o horizon_n in_o the_o horizonceall_n plain_a and_o this_o angle_n to_o be_v always_o exact_o equal_a to_o the_o angle_n contain_v of_o the_o meridian_n line_n and_o line_n of_o the_o style_n the_o longitude_n of_o the_o place_n propon_v account_v from_o the_o magnetical_a meridian_n be_v equal_a
ware_n and_o durable_a commodity_n to_o the_o impoverish_n of_o kingdom_n and_o commonweal_n and_o not_o only_o be_v this_o commutation_n or_o exchange_n abuse_v in_o kind_n but_o also_o in_o the_o price_n pay_v too_o dear_a for_o the_o one_o and_o sell_v the_o other_o too_o good_a cheap_a whereby_o come_v a_o overbalancing_a of_o commodity_n in_o price_n and_o quality_n and_o not_o in_o quantity_n whereby_o in_o effect_n commodity_n overbalancing_a of_o commodity_n money_n be_v give_v to_o boot_v and_o as_o it_o be_v over_o and_o above_o the_o reasonable_a estimation_n of_o thing_n and_o herein_o be_v the_o course_n of_o exchange_n by_o bill_n predominant_a and_o overruling_a both_o the_o course_n of_o commodity_n and_o money_n as_o shall_v be_v at_o large_a demonstrate_v hereafter_o for_o the_o say_v three_o essential_a part_n of_o traffic_n be_v proper_o the_o body_n soul_n and_o spirit_n of_o commerce_n traffic_n the_o body_n soul_n and_o spirit_n of_o traffic_n and_o have_v their_o operation_n according_o the_o first_o as_o the_o body_n uphold_v the_o world_n by_o commutation_n and_o barter_n of_o commodity_n until_o money_n be_v devise_v to_o be_v coin_a the_o second_o as_o the_o soul_n in_o the_o body_n do_v infuse_v life_n to_o traffic_v by_o the_o mean_n of_o equality_n and_o equity_n prevent_v advantage_n between_o buyer_n and_o seller_n the_o three_o as_o the_o spirit_n and_o faculty_n of_o the_o soul_n be_v seat_v every_o where_n corroborate_v the_o vital_a spirit_n of_o traffic_n direct_v and_o control_v by_o just_a proportion_n the_o price_n and_o value_n of_o commodity_n and_o money_n true_a it_o be_v that_o this_o spirit_n and_o faculty_n of_o the_o soul_n namely_o the_o exchange_n for_o money_n take_v his_o original_n from_o the_o soul_n which_o give_v life_n to_o the_o body_n of_o traffic_n that_o be_v to_o say_v the_o exchange_n for_o money_n by_o bill_n of_o exchange_n be_v ground_v upon_o money_n and_o money_n be_v invent_v and_o make_v by_o common_a consent_n to_o be_v the_o rule_n and_o square_a to_o set_v a_o price_n unto_o all_o thing_n and_o the_o right_a and_o true_a judge_n of_o they_o and_o be_v therefore_o call_v publica_n mensura_fw-la home_n money_n the_o public_a measure_n at_o home_n or_o the_o public_a measure_n between_o man_n and_o man_n but_o since_o the_o manner_n of_o exchange_n be_v invent_v between_o nation_n and_o nation_n or_o country_n and_o country_n money_n do_v only_o remain_v the_o public_a measure_n within_o the_o realm_n or_o commonweal_n of_o every_o country_n between_o man_n and_o man_n according_a to_o the_o valuation_n of_o prince_n and_o state_n impose_v upon_o money_n and_o the_o exchange_n of_o money_n by_o bill_n become_v publica_n mensura_fw-la between_o we_o and_o foreign_a nation_n and_o between_o all_o nation_n in_o the_o course_n of_o commerce_n nation_n exchange_n for_o money_n the_o public_a measure_n between_o nation_n according_a to_o which_o exchangeal_v commodity_n be_v buy_v and_o sold._n and_o albeit_o that_o the_o abundance_n or_o quantity_n of_o commodity_n and_o the_o many_o or_o few_o buyer_n or_o the_o scarcity_n of_o commodity_n cause_v the_o price_n of_o commodity_n to_o rise_v and_o fall_v and_o likewise_o that_o plenty_n of_o money_n make_v thing_n dear_a and_o scarcity_n of_o money_n make_v they_o good_a cheap_a as_o a_o property_n inherent_a unto_o money_n as_o a_o true_a measure_n yet_o we_o must_v observe_v in_o true_a order_n that_o both_o commodity_n and_o money_n be_v passive_a passive_a commodity_n and_o money_n be_v thing_n passive_a since_o the_o exchange_n be_v invent_v which_o be_v only_o active_a and_o that_o in_o country_n where_o all_o the_o essential_a part_n of_o traffic_n be_v use_v but_o howsoever_o the_o maxim_n be_v to_o be_v observe_v in_o the_o avoid_n of_o the_o say_v overbalancing_a of_o commodity_n in_o price_n and_o quality_n marcus_z cato_z therefore_o say_v advise_o oportet_fw-la patrem_fw-la familias_fw-la esse_fw-la vendacem_fw-la non_fw-la emacem_fw-la a_o prince_n therefore_o as_o the_o father_n of_o the_o commonwealth_n ought_v to_o be_v a_o seller_n and_o not_o a_o buyer_n which_o come_v to_o pass_v when_o the_o expense_n of_o his_o commonwealth_n do_v not_o exceed_v his_o income_n and_o revenue_n this_o to_o be_v effect_v by_o keep_v a_o certain_a equality_n in_o the_o traffic_n betwixt_o his_o kingdom_n and_o foreign_a nation_n riches_n natural_a riches_n artificial_a riches_n for_o riches_n be_v natural_a or_o artificial_a and_o both_o subject_n to_o number_n weight_n and_o measure_n require_v a_o certain_a equality_n in_o the_o true_a commutation_n of_o thing_n between_o we_o and_o other_o nation_n commutative_a justice_n distributive_a and_o commutative_a and_o justice_n be_v distributive_a &_o commutative_a every_o man_n of_o judgement_n know_v that_o this_o part_n be_v comprehend_v under_o justice_n commutative_a and_o that_o all_o traffic_n consist_v of_o the_o land_n commodity_n commodity_n land_n commodity_n sea_n commodity_n and_o of_o the_o commodity_n of_o the_o sea_n and_o last_o of_o the_o commodity_n of_o other_o country_n and_o nation_n for_o god_n cause_v nature_n to_o distribute_v her_o benefit_n or_o his_o blessing_n to_o several_a climate_n supply_v the_o barrenness_n of_o â—some_a thing_n in_o one_o country_n with_o the_o fruitfulness_n and_o store_n of_o other_o country_n to_o the_o end_n that_o interchangeable_o one_o commonweal_n shall_v live_v with_o another_o these_o aphorism_n or_o select_a point_n be_v of_o great_a importance_n for_o as_o be_v note_v before_o gain_v be_v the_o scope_n of_o all_o merchant_n be_v procure_v without_o regard_n have_v to_o the_o commonwealth_n the_o wealth_n whereof_o can_v proper_o decrease_v but_o three_o manner_n of_o way_n state_n proper_a cause_n of_o the_o decrease_n of_o wealth_n in_o a_o state_n namely_o by_o sell_v our_o home_n commodity_n too_o good_a cheap_a by_o buy_v the_o foreign_a commodity_n too_o dear_a and_o by_o the_o transportation_n of_o money_n in_o specie_fw-la when_o the_o exchange_n of_o money_n do_v not_o answer_v the_o true_a value_n of_o it_o by_o bill_n of_o exchange_n as_o shall_v be_v plain_o demonstrate_v traffic_n exchange_v the_o rudder_n of_o traffic_n for_o this_o exchange_n be_v the_o rudder_n of_o the_o ship_n of_o traffic_n fasten_v upon_o the_o parallel_n of_o the_o keel_n of_o equity_n which_o do_v rule_n and_o direct_v the_o say_a ship_n upon_o all_o the_o variation_n of_o the_o commodity_n of_o all_o country_n many_o man_n know_v that_o the_o rudder_n do_v govern_v the_o ship_n can_v notwithstanding_o give_v little_a reason_n of_o the_o cause_n of_o it_o but_o admire_v to_o see_v so_o small_a a_o piece_n of_o timber_n have_v so_o great_a a_o operation_n yet_o no_o man_n be_v so_o foolish_a as_o to_o attribute_v that_o power_n unto_o the_o sail_n or_o any_o other_o appurtenance_n of_o the_o ship_n or_o to_o the_o main_a body_n of_o it_o call_v the_o hull_n of_o the_o ship_n great_a be_v the_o error_n therefore_o of_o those_o that_o will_v ascribe_v any_o effectual_a operation_n to_o the_o quantity_n of_o commodity_n albeit_o there_o be_v a_o traffic_n and_o commerce_n without_o either_o money_n or_o exchange_n for_o money_n when_o the_o course_n of_o it_o be_v like_o a_o ship_n sail_v without_o rudder_n or_o compass_n money_n may_v well_o be_v compare_v to_o the_o compass_n rudder_n money_n as_o the_o compass_n of_o a_o ship_n and_o exchange_v the_o rudder_n have_v so_o many_o variation_n upon_o the_o several_a standard_n of_o the_o coin_n of_o all_o country_n and_o change_v continual_o from_o time_n to_o time_n in_o valuation_n prince_n and_o commonweal_n take_v advantage_n one_o against_o another_o either_o to_o draw_v treasure_n into_o their_o kingdom_n and_o territory_n or_o to_o advance_v the_o price_n of_o their_o country_n commodity_n and_o exchange_n may_v proper_o be_v compare_v to_o the_o rudder_n of_o a_o ship_n which_o command_v the_o direction_n of_o the_o compass_n according_o and_o so_o do_v the_o exchange_n command_v the_o course_n of_o money_n for_o let_v the_o standard_n of_o money_n be_v alter_v either_o in_o weight_n fineness_n or_o valuation_n the_o exchange_n by_o alter_v the_o price_n with_o great_a facility_n according_a to_o equity_n be_v able_a to_o meet_v and_o over-rule_v they_o all_o as_o shall_v be_v declare_v in_o the_o progress_n of_o this_o book_n the_o learned_a have_v determine_v etc._n principle_n or_o axiom_n what_o they_o be_v etc._n etc._n that_o no_o argument_n or_o disputation_n be_v to_o be_v maintain_v with_o those_o that_o will_v deny_v principle_n which_o by_o reason_n and_o common_a consent_n be_v indisputable_a and_o stand_v of_o their_o own_o authority_n for_o by_o a_o undoubted_a principle_n or_o axiom_n we_o know_v that_o the_o whole_a be_v big_a than_o his_o part_n that_o two_o be_v more_o than_o one_o and_o that_o two_o equal_a thing_n be_v equal_o divide_v into_o
within_o the_o city_n of_o london_n be_v the_o king_n chamber_n after_o this_o follow_v the_o particular_a letter_n for_o the_o delivery_n of_o several_a country_n and_o town_n as_o caour_n carsin_n monstreull_a calais_n rochel_n turaine_n poitiers_n poitou_n xantes_n xantogne_n dagonois_n perigot_n and_o diverse_a other_o beside_o many_o letter_n concern_v the_o french_a king_n liberty_n and_o his_o hostage_n and_o of_o the_o homage_n to_o be_v make_v by_o the_o earl_n and_o baron_n to_o the_o king_n of_o england_n who_o remain_v with_o the_o title_n of_o sovereignty_n and_o domayne_n beside_o many_o other_o memorable_a thing_n so_o that_o all_o matter_n concern_v the_o sea_n and_o land_n be_v establish_v for_o those_o sea_n and_o king_n eâ—ward_n take_v six_o penny_n a_o ton_n for_o fish_v ship_n king_n henry_n the_o five_o who_o do_v conquer_v all_o france_n and_o have_v the_o possession_n of_o mare_fw-la britannicum_fw-la lose_v nothing_o of_o his_o right_n no_o more_o do_v henry_n the_o six_o and_o king_n henry_n the_o seven_o as_o may_v appear_v by_o their_o proclamation_n treaty_n hollâ—ngshed_n chro_fw-la hollâ—ngshed_n and_o contract_v not_o only_o with_o the_o french_a but_o with_o the_o archduke_n of_o burgundy_n as_o by_o guicchardins_n chronicle_n treatise_n chr._n froiszart_n guiccâ—arâ—in_n and_o the_o say_a treatise_n or_o historical_a description_n of_o the_o low-countries_n appear_v and_o as_o doctor_n d_o you_o in_o his_o book_n of_o navigation_n affirm_v king_n henry_n the_o seven_o in_o consideration_n of_o the_o fish_n trade_n proper_o belong_v unto_o england_n in_o his_o sea_n and_o dominion_n have_v resolve_v to_o settle_v a_o trade_n thereupon_o which_o he_o prefer_v above_o all_o voyage_n for_o in_o those_o day_n there_o be_v no_o fish_v trade_n establish_v in_o the_o low-countries_n antiquity_n by_o original_a antiquity_n and_o it_o be_v not_o yet_o one_o hundred_o year_n complete_a that_o one_o violet_n stephens_n and_o other_o discontent_a fishmonger_n depart_v the_o realm_n of_o england_n and_o go_v into_o holland_n to_o the_o town_n of_o enckhusen_n where_o they_o procure_v the_o inhabitant_n to_o fish_n for_o they_o in_o his_o majesty_n of_o great_a britain_n sea_n stream_n and_o dominion_n which_o inhabitant_n upon_o the_o decease_n of_o the_o say_v englishmen_n fishmonger_n take_v the_o whole_a trade_n to_o themselves_o disperse_v the_o same_o into_o many_o other_o town_n whereby_o the_o same_o be_v admirable_o increase_v queen_n marie_n be_v marry_v with_o king_n philip_n the_o second_o of_o spain_n under_o who_o all_o the_o seventeen_o low_a province_n be_v unite_v grant_v a_o lease_n unto_o the_o say_a king_n for_o the_o fish_n of_o his_o subject_n in_o the_o north_n part_n of_o ireland_n for_o one_o and_o twenty_o year_n for_o a_o certain_a fine_a and_o pay_v one_o thousand_o pound_n yearly_a into_o the_o treasury_n of_o ireland_n and_o edward_n fitton_n knight_n then_o treasurer_n and_o the_o company_n of_o the_o old_a haunce_n in_o primo_fw-la of_o the_o say_a queen_n marie_n have_v also_o liberty_n to_o sish_v within_o the_o say_a sea_n upon_o certain_a condition_n as_o appear_v in_o the_o chapel_n of_o the_o roll_n of_o the_o chancery_n and_o for_o england_n northwards_o licence_n be_v give_v at_o scarborough_n castle_n to_o this_o distinction_n of_o dominion_n of_o the_o sea_n porteullis_n invention_n of_o the_o porteullis_n i_o call_v to_o memory_n the_o proceed_n of_o that_o victorious_a king_n henry_n the_o eight_o who_o during_o the_o time_n that_o calais_n be_v under_o the_o crown_n of_o england_n as_o it_o have_v be_v full_a 211_o year_n use_v the_o invention_n of_o the_o sign_n of_o the_o portcullis_n signify_v the_o power_n of_o lock_v up_o of_o the_o narrow_a sea_n between_o dover_n and_o calais_n which_o be_v think_v convenient_a to_o be_v use_v upon_o the_o coin_n make_v for_o the_o east-indies_n at_o the_o begin_n of_o that_o trade_n be_v piece_n of_o the_o value_n of_o eight_o royal_n of_o spain_n whereof_o there_o be_v coin_a in_o the_o tower_n of_o london_n for_o a_o trial_n in_o januarie_n 1600_o some_o six_o thousand_o pound_n which_o can_v not_o be_v make_v currant_n there_o because_o the_o spanish_a piece_n of_o eight_o royal_n have_v be_v before_o that_o time_n counterfeit_v by_o other_o nation_n which_o make_v the_o east-indians_a to_o doubt_v of_o our_o coin_n although_o without_o cause_n this_o noble_a king_n henry_n have_v procure_v the_o emperor_n charles_n the_o five_o to_o meet_v with_o the_o french_a king_n go_v over_o in_o person_n with_o a_o great_a power_n to_o besiege_v the_o town_n of_o boulogne_n in_o france_n and_o when_o he_o see_v that_o the_o emperor_n tent_n or_o pavilion_n be_v make_v with_o the_o two_o pillar_n of_o hercules_n and_o the_o inscription_n plus_fw-fr ultra_fw-la and_o likewise_o the_o french_a king_n tent_n with_o the_o three_o flower_n deluce_n and_o the_o title_n of_o primus_fw-la christianorum_fw-la rex_fw-la he_o cause_v a_o archer_n to_o be_v make_v upon_o his_o pavilion_n with_o bow_n and_o arrow_n and_o his_o inscription_n be_v cui_fw-la adherio_fw-la praeest_fw-la declare_v thereby_o his_o present_a strength_n whereby_o he_o do_v qualify_v those_o war_n and_o peace_n be_v make_v between_o the_o emperor_n and_o the_o say_v french_a king_n it_o be_v true_a that_o the_o state_n of_o a_o prince_n do_v as_o much_o consist_v by_o reputation_n as_o by_o strength_n our_o sovereign_a lord_n king_n james_n have_v also_o be_v mindful_a of_o his_o right_n of_o distinct_a dominion_n for_o the_o great_a blessing_n which_o almighty_a god_n have_v allot_v to_o the_o kingdom_n of_o great_a britain_n ireland_n and_o the_o isle_n adjacent_a under_o his_o majesty_n dominion_n be_v so_o visible_a to_o all_o the_o world_n as_o that_o thereby_o they_o be_v ravish_v with_o admiration_n for_o albeit_o that_o the_o earthly_a blessing_n be_v produce_v in_o seasonable_a time_n yet_o the_o blessing_n of_o the_o sea_n be_v direct_v and_o point_v at_o by_o the_o finger_n of_o god_n at_o infallible_a season_n cause_v those_o watery_a creature_n to_o offer_v themselves_o for_o our_o sustenance_n and_o for_o the_o general_a good_a of_o all_o creature_n in_o place_n certain_a within_o his_o majesty_n sea_n stream_n and_o dominion_n and_o not_o into_o the_o main_a where_o fish_v can_v be_v effect_v whereupon_o his_o majesty_n before_o his_o come_n into_o england_n do_v let_v the_o fish_n of_o scotland_n to_o the_o hollander_n for_o fifteen_o year_n it_o be_v agree_v by_o more_o ancient_a treaty_n between_o they_o that_o the_o fish_n then_o agree_v upon_o shall_v be_v eighty_o mile_n from_o the_o coast_n to_o the_o end_n the_o scoles_n of_o herring_n shall_v not_o be_v interrupt_v his_o majesty_n in_o the_o four_o year_n of_o his_o reign_n of_o great_a britain_n make_v a_o grant_v to_o one_o collyn_n of_o coventrie_n for_o twenty_o one_o year_n for_o the_o fish_n in_o some_o part_n of_o ireland_n fish_v grant_v make_v for_o fish_v and_o the_o like_a grant_n have_v be_v make_v for_o the_o isle_n of_o garnesey_n and_o jarnesey_n according_a to_o the_o common_a law_n of_o england_n law_n by_o the_o common_a law_n which_o in_o this_o point_n concern_v his_o majesty_n right_a of_o dominion_n be_v very_o copious_a the_o handle_n whereof_o i_o leave_v to_o the_o learned_a and_o judicious_a of_o the_o say_v law_n in_o the_o seven_o year_n of_o his_o majesty_n say_a reign_n his_o highness_n cause_v a_o proclamation_n to_o be_v make_v concern_v his_o dominion_n of_o fish_v which_o be_v compendious_a and_o substantial_a i_o think_v convenient_a here_o to_o be_v insert_v verbatim_o james_n by_o the_o grace_n of_o god_n king_n of_o great_a britain_n france_n and_o ireland_n defendor_n of_o the_o faith_n etc._n etc._n to_o all_o and_o singular_a person_n to_o who_o it_o may_v appertain_v greeting_n although_o we_o do_v sufficient_o know_v by_o our_o experience_n in_o the_o office_n of_o regal_a dignity_n in_o which_o by_o the_o favour_n of_o almighty_a god_n we_o have_v be_v place_v and_o exercise_v these_o many_o year_n as_o also_o by_o observation_n which_o we_o have_v make_v of_o other_o christian_a prince_n exemplary_a action_n how_o far_o the_o absoluteness_n of_o our_o sovereign_a power_n extend_v itself_o and_o that_o in_o regard_n thereof_o we_o need_v not_o to_o yield_v account_n to_o any_o person_n under_o god_n for_o any_o action_n of_o we_o which_o be_v lawful_o ground_v upon_o that_o just_a prerogative_n yet_o such_o have_v ever_o be_v and_o shall_v be_v our_o care_n and_o desire_v to_o give_v satisfaction_n to_o our_o neighbour_n prince_n and_o friend_n in_o any_o action_n which_o may_v have_v the_o least_o relation_n to_o their_o subject_n and_o estate_n as_o we_o have_v think_v good_a by_o way_n of_o friendly_a praemonition_n to_o declare_v unto_o they_o all_o and_o to_o whosoever_o it_o may_v appertain_v as_o follow_v whereas_o we_o
natural_o and_o lawful_o bear_v within_o this_o your_o majesty_n realm_n of_o england_n and_o also_o that_o they_o and_o every_o of_o they_o shall_v and_o may_v from_o henceforth_o by_o the_o same_o authority_n be_v enable_v and_o adjudge_v able_a to_o all_o intent_n and_o construction_n to_o demand_v challenge_v ask_v have_v hold_v and_o enjoy_v land_n tenement_n hereditament_n and_o rent_n as_o heir_n or_o heir_n to_o any_o of_o their_o ancestor_n by_o reason_n of_o any_o descent_n remain_v revert_v or_o come_v to_o they_o or_o any_o of_o they_o by_o any_o other_o lawful_a conveyance_n or_o mean_n whatsoever_o or_o which_o hereafter_o shall_v come_v etc._n etc._n as_o if_o they_o and_o every_o of_o they_o have_v be_v your_o highness_n natural_a subject_n bear_v and_o to_o hold_v and_o enjoy_v to_o they_o and_o every_o of_o they_o joint_o and_o several_o land_n tenement_n and_o hereditament_n or_o rent_n by_o way_n of_o purchase_n gift_n grant_v or_o otherwise_o of_o any_o person_n or_o person_n to_o all_o construction_n and_o purpose_n as_o though_o they_o and_o every_o of_o they_o have_v be_v your_o highness_n natural_a bear_v subject_n and_o also_o that_o they_o and_o every_o of_o they_o from_o henceforth_o may_v and_o shall_v be_v enable_v to_o prosecute_v maintain_v and_o avow_v justify_v and_o defend_v all_o manner_n of_o action_n suit_n plaint_n and_o other_o demand_n whatsoever_o as_o liberal_o frank_o full_o lawful_o sure_o and_o free_o as_o if_o they_o and_o any_o of_o they_o have_v be_v natural_o bear_v within_o your_o majesty_n realm_n of_o england_n and_o as_o any_o other_o person_n or_o person_n natural_o bear_v within_o the_o same_o may_v in_o any_o wise_a lawful_o do_v any_o act_n law_n statute_n proviso_n custom_n ordinance_n or_o other_o thing_n whatsoever_o have_v make_v ordain_v or_o do_v to_o the_o contrary_a in_o any_o wise_n notwithstanding_o and_o your_o petitioner_n shall_v daily_o pray_v for_o your_o royal_a majesty_n long_o in_o honour_n and_o most_o safety_n to_o remain_v over_o us._n this_o petition_n in_o nature_n of_o a_o act_n of_o parliament_n parliament_n the_o manner_n of_o proceed_v in_o parliament_n be_v deliver_v to_o the_o speaker_n of_o the_o parliament_n who_o upon_o the_o second_o read_v in_o the_o commons_o house_n procure_v the_o same_o to_o be_v refer_v to_o certain_a committee_n before_o who_o the_o petitioner_n do_v appear_v and_o after_o examination_n if_o there_o be_v no_o apparent_a cause_n that_o may_v cross_v they_o the_o bill_n be_v return_v into_o the_o parliament_n and_o read_v for_o the_o three_o time_n as_o the_o manner_n be_v of_o all_o act_n and_o then_o it_o be_v carry_v up_o to_o the_o high_a house_n and_o there_o it_o be_v common_o of_o course_n also_o read_v three_o time_n and_o so_o allow_v and_o there_o it_o do_v remain_v until_o the_o last_o day_n of_o the_o session_n of_o parliament_n and_o then_o the_o king_n royal_a assent_n be_v have_v thereunto_o and_o there_o be_v write_v on_o the_o backside_n or_o within_o these_o word_n le_fw-fr roy_fw-fr le_fw-fr veult_n and_o if_o it_o be_v anâ—_n act_n which_o the_o king_n will_v not_o pass_v the_o clerk_n of_o the_o parliament_n write_v le_fw-fr roy_fw-fr s'aduiser'a_fw-fr which_o be_v a_o clean_a and_o absolute_a refusal_n and_o all_o which_o be_v do_v be_v void_a and_o can_v be_v reviue_v in_o another_o parliament_n without_o to_o begin_v all_o from_o the_o begin_n again_o so_o much_o for_o england_n in_o france_n all_o stranger_n that_o be_v not_o bear_v within_o the_o kingdom_n and_o reside_v or_o dwell_v in_o the_o same_o france_n aubeine_fw-fr in_o france_n be_v subject_a to_o the_o right_n of_o aubain_n so_o call_v tanquam_fw-la alibi_n nati_fw-la for_o after_o their_o death_n if_o they_o be_v not_o naturalize_v the_o king_n do_v seize_v upon_o all_o their_o good_n they_o have_v in_o france_n and_o appropriate_v the_o same_o to_o his_o exchequer_n or_o finance_n without_o that_o the_o say_v stranger_n can_v dispose_v thereof_o by_o testament_n or_o will_n or_o that_o their_o lawful_a heir_n can_v claim_v the_o same_o howbeit_o they_o may_v give_v they_o and_o dispose_v thereof_o while_o they_o live_v by_o contract_n make_v between_o they_o a_o stranger_n also_o not_o dwell_v within_o the_o realm_n yet_o have_v get_v wealth_n or_o mean_n within_o the_o same_o may_v dispose_v of_o it_o unto_o his_o heir_n and_o other_o although_o they_o be_v stranger_n also_o if_o a_o stranger_n travel_v through_o the_o kingdom_n of_o france_n shall_v chance_v to_o die_v his_o heir_n shall_v enjoy_v his_o good_n which_o he_o have_v leave_v at_o the_o time_n of_o his_o decease_n in_o france_n but_o when_o a_o stranger_n take_v letter_n of_o naturalisation_n then_o may_v he_o get_v wealth_n and_o possession_n within_o the_o realm_n lawful_o and_o free_o which_o letter_n of_o naturalisation_n must_v be_v record_v in_o the_o chamber_n of_o account_n upon_o pain_n of_o a_o penalty_n pay_v to_o the_o king_n and_o his_o lawful_a heir_n shall_v enjoy_v the_o say_v possession_n and_o good_n so_o as_o he_o be_v nature_n of_o the_o realm_n or_o any_o other_o to_o who_o the_o same_o be_v give_v by_o will_n or_o testament_n so_o as_o he_o also_o be_v naturalize_v as_o aforesaid_a but_o mounseur_fw-fr papon_n the_o civilian_n say_v that_o it_o be_v not_o sufficient_a for_o one_o to_o enjoy_v the_o same_o to_o be_v bear_v within_o the_o realm_n but_o it_o must_v be_v also_o of_o a_o woman_n take_v in_o marriage_n within_o the_o realm_n and_o hereupon_o allege_v a_o arrest_n or_o sentence_n of_o the_o parliament_n of_o paris_n whereby_o a_o cousin_n of_o a_o stranger_n decease_v be_v prefer_v before_o the_o sister_n because_o the_o cousin_n be_v bear_v within_o the_o realm_n and_o dwell_v in_o the_o same_o and_o the_o sister_n do_v not_o dwell_v within_o the_o realm_n and_o be_v bear_v in_o another_o country_n albeit_o she_o cause_v herself_o to_o be_v naturalize_v after_o the_o decease_n of_o her_o brother_n whereof_o the_o court_n have_v no_o regard_n because_o the_o good_n by_o succession_n be_v get_v before_o which_o can_v not_o be_v make_v void_a by_o the_o king_n letter_n patent_n mounseur_fw-fr banquet_n be_v of_o opinion_n that_o a_o frenchman_n be_v depart_v the_o kingdom_n for_o to_o dwell_v in_o another_o country_n that_o his_o good_n present_a and_o to_o come_v do_v appertain_v unto_o the_o king_n and_o can_v dispose_v thereof_o by_o will_n or_o testament_n as_o it_o have_v be_v prove_v by_o diverse_a decree_n of_o parliament_n the_o king_n be_v lord_n of_o all_o vacant_a good_n and_o therefore_o wife_n and_o child_n be_v to_o take_v letter_n of_o naturalisation_n to_o purchase_v their_o quietness_n and_o if_o any_o stranger_n bear_v and_o naturalize_v shall_v be_v out_o of_o the_o kingdom_n some_o eight_o or_o ten_o year_n upon_o especial_a occasion_n or_o otherwise_o he_o be_v at_o his_o return_n to_o take_v new_a letter_n of_o naturalisation_n or_o a_o confirmation_n of_o the_o former_a by_o some_o approbation_n consideration_n a_o observable_a consideration_n and_o herein_o be_v a_o special_a point_n to_o be_v note_v as_o a_o matter_n of_o record_n that_o those_o of_o flanders_n milan_n and_o the_o french_a county_n of_o savoy_n be_v not_o bind_v to_o take_v letter_n of_o naturalisation_n to_o dwell_v in_o this_o kingdom_n because_o the_o french_a king_n pretend_v that_o the_o say_v country_n be_v they_o and_o be_v never_o alienate_v by_o any_o conseâ—t_n of_o they_o but_o be_v country_n which_o at_o all_o time_n have_v belong_v to_o the_o crown_n of_o france_n who_o do_v acknowledge_v the_o subject_n to_o be_v true_a and_o loyal_a frenchman_n but_o it_o be_v requisite_a if_o they_o come_v to_o dwell_v and_o inhabit_v within_o the_o realm_n that_o they_o take_v letter_n of_o naturalisation_n to_o the_o end_n the_o officer_n do_v not_o molest_v or_o trouble_v they_o by_o the_o premise_n we_o see_v that_o the_o naturalise_v in_o france_n be_v far_o more_o compulsorie_a for_o merchant_n than_o in_o england_n howbeit_o that_o in_o both_o kingdom_n if_o a_o stranger_n naturalize_v after_o many_o year_n that_o he_o have_v inhabit_v the_o same_o be_v desirous_a to_o return_v to_o his_o father-land_n or_o native_a country_n he_o may_v surrender_v his_o letter_n patent_n and_o be_v discharge_v of_o his_o oath_n *_o âŽ_o *_o chap._n xiiii_o of_o the_o determination_n of_o seafaring_a cause_n have_v now_o hitherto_o entreat_v of_o the_o custom_n of_o merchant_n with_o their_o adjunct_n and_o accident_n and_o therein_o observe_v time_n number_n weight_n and_o measure_n as_o also_o the_o three_o simple_n and_o essential_a part_n of_o traffic_n with_o their_o effect_n and_o property_n let_v we_o now_o consider_v of_o the_o manner_n and_o method_n of_o the_o proceed_n therein_o to_o see_v by_o what_o mean_v they_o be_v determine_v and_o execute_v
and_o weal_n public_a hereupon_o replication_n be_v make_v by_o the_o king_n fault_n be_v find_v of_o the_o general_a dearth_n of_o all_o thing_n within_o his_o realm_n without_o any_o scarcity_n of_o the_o say_a thing_n serve_v for_o the_o back_n and_o belly_n which_o we_o do_v attribute_n unto_o you_o husbandman_n say_v the_o king_n dearâ—h_n food_n dear_a and_o no_o dearâ—h_n for_o food_n be_v dear_a and_o yet_o there_o be_v no_o dearth_n the_o husbandman_n do_v excuse_v themselves_o and_o lay_v the_o fault_n upon_o the_o nobleman_n and_o gentleman_n for_o raise_v of_o their_o rent_n take_v of_o farm_n into_o their_o hand_n and_o make_v of_o enclosure_n nobleman_n and_o gentleman_n do_v impose_v the_o cause_n upon_o merchant_n and_o artificer_n for_o sell_v thing_n dear_a than_o in_o time_n past_a which_o cause_v every_o man_n to_o make_v the_o most_o of_o his_o own_o according_a to_o his_o profession_n wherein_o the_o artificer_n be_v easy_o dispense_v withal_o consider_v their_o labour_n and_o workman_n wage_n buy_v also_o all_o thing_n dear_a so_o that_o the_o fault_n do_v whole_o remain_v upon_o the_o merchant_n who_o have_v the_o sole_a dispose_n of_o all_o commodity_n export_v and_o import_v for_o the_o good_a or_o hurt_n of_o the_o commonwealth_n which_o cause_v the_o king_n to_o enter_v into_o consideration_n of_o the_o aforesaid_a three_o essential_a part_n of_o traffic_n namely_o commodity_n money_n and_o exchange_n for_o money_n by_o bill_n of_o exchange_n and_o ingenious_o perceive_v that_o the_o vital_a spirit_n of_o traffic_n do_v consist_v in_o the_o matter_n of_o exchange_n for_o money_n because_o the_o same_o be_v the_o public_a measure_n between_o nation_n and_o nation_n and_o that_o gain_n be_v the_o radical_a moisture_n of_o commerce_n which_o have_v his_o effectual_a power_n in_o exchange_n his_o majesty_n think_v good_a to_o call_v diverse_a merchant_n to_o the_o consultation_n of_o this_o business_n be_v within_o their_o element_n to_o hear_v their_o opinion_n how_o to_o remedy_v the_o say_a inconvenience_n merchant_n three_o manner_n of_o merchant_n whereupon_o his_o highness_n observe_v three_o manner_n of_o merchant_n the_o first_o which_o be_v the_o great_a number_n be_v ignorant_a of_o the_o fundamental_a reason_n of_o exchange_n and_o be_v carry_v with_o the_o stream_n never_o take_v notice_n of_o it_o but_o be_v guide_v therein_o by_o ignorant_a broker_n of_o exchange_n according_a to_o the_o rule_n of_o foreign_a nation_n the_o second_o sort_n of_o merchant_n be_v those_o that_o do_v altogether_o practice_v to_o make_v a_o benefit_n by_o exchange_n and_o transportation_n of_o money_n and_o never_o do_v deal_n in_o commodity_n at_o home_n or_o beyond_o the_o sea_n and_o these_o will_v not_o confess_v that_o there_o be_v any_o abuse_n commit_v by_o exchange_n the_o three_o sort_n of_o merchant_n be_v the_o small_a number_n be_v man_n of_o wisdom_n and_o experience_n and_o yet_o they_o find_v the_o matter_n of_o exchange_n to_o be_v a_o mystery_n until_o examination_n of_o the_o property_n thereof_o and_o then_o like_o good_a patriot_n they_o take_v a_o care_n for_o the_o welfare_n of_o the_o commonwealth_n the_o first_o sort_n he_o do_v not_o regard_v because_o of_o their_o ignorance_n the_o socond_a sort_n he_o do_v compare_v unto_o vintner_n law_n offender_n unfit_a to_o make_v law_n who_o be_v not_o fit_a to_o be_v call_v to_o be_v assistant_n in_o make_v of_o law_n against_o drunkenness_n and_o so_o reject_v they_o but_o the_o three_o sort_n he_o do_v embrace_v as_o worthy_a counsellor_n to_o reform_v abuse_n and_o some_o of_o these_o be_v of_o opinion_n that_o by_o reason_n of_o the_o base_a money_n coin_a in_o the_o latter_a end_n of_o the_o reign_n of_o king_n henry_n the_o 8_o all_o the_o foreign_a commodity_n be_v sell_v dear_a which_o make_v afterward_o the_o commodity_n of_o the_o realm_n to_o rise_v at_o the_o farmer_n and_o tenant_n hand_n and_o that_o the_o same_o be_v make_v dear_a through_o plenty_n of_o money_n and_o bullion_n thing_n enhance_a of_o silver_n alter_v the_o price_n of_o thing_n which_o come_v from_o the_o west_n indies_n and_o especial_o because_o a_o ounce_n of_o silver_n be_v enhance_v by_o the_o say_a king_n from_o forty_o penny_n to_o forty_o five_o penny_n and_o afterward_o in_o process_n of_o time_n be_v value_v at_o threescore_o penny_n and_o that_o the_o operation_n of_o the_o say_a alteration_n do_v still_o continue_v other_o say_v that_o the_o prize_n of_o thing_n be_v rise_v be_v of_o no_o great_a moment_n because_o it_o be_v by_o denomination_n and_o not_o real_o for_o that_o which_o be_v call_v forty_o before_o be_v now_o term_v threescore_o according_a to_o the_o coin_n of_o silver_n value_v by_o the_o ounce_n as_o aforesaid_a but_o the_o wise_a sort_n do_v go_v further_o and_o compare_v the_o prize_n rise_v of_o foreign_a commodity_n far_o more_o than_o the_o prize_n of_o our_o home_n commodity_n they_o do_v acknowledge_v that_o there_o be_v a_o overbalancing_a of_o commodity_n and_o find_v that_o the_o course_n of_o exchange_n for_o money_n be_v the_o efficient_a cause_n thereof_o for_o they_o do_v observe_v that_o as_o the_o element_n be_v join_v by_o symbolisation_n the_o air_n to_o the_o fire_n by_o warmness_n the_o water_n to_o the_o air_n by_o moisture_n the_o earth_n to_o the_o water_n by_o coldness_n so_o be_v exchange_n join_v to_o money_n and_o money_n to_o commodity_n by_o their_o proper_a quality_n and_o effect_n whereby_o it_o do_v appear_v unto_o they_o first_o that_o our_o money_n be_v undervalue_v in_o exchange_n cause_v the_o price_n of_o our_o home_n commodity_n to_o be_v abate_v and_o to_o be_v sell_v better_o cheap_a in_o foreign_a part_n and_o be_v also_o the_o cause_n that_o our_o money_n be_v export_v second_o the_o money_n be_v transport_v take_v away_o the_o lively_a course_n of_o traffic_n of_o our_o say_a commodity_n and_o cause_v young_a merchant_n to_o run_v by_o exchange_n upon_o bill_n to_o maintain_v their_o trade_n pay_v great_a interest_n for_o money_n which_o they_o can_v take_v up_o by_o their_o single_a bond_n as_o they_o can_v do_v by_o bill_n take_v up_o the_o same_o by_o exchange_n without_o surety_n three_o this_o cause_v young_a merchant_n and_o other_o to_o make_v rash_a sale_n of_o their_o commodity_n beyond_o the_o sea_n to_o pay_v their_o bill_n of_o exchange_n whereby_o they_o overthrow_v the_o market_n of_o other_o anâ—_n make_v they_o sell_v better_a cheap_a so_o on_o the_o contrary_a the_o coin_n be_v overvalue_v in_o exchange_n and_o also_o enhance_v beyond_o the_o sea_n cause_v the_o price_n of_o foreign_a commodity_n to_o increase_v more_o than_o our_o native_a commodity_n and_o our_o merchant_n be_v compel_v of_o course_n to_o make_v return_n thereby_o because_o they_o can_v import_v those_o overvalued_n money_n but_o to_o their_o exceed_a great_a loss_n and_o by_o exchange_n they_o find_v few_o taker_n unless_o it_o be_v our_o young_a merchant_n which_o do_v consume_v their_o estate_n by_o exchange_n and_o rechange_n for_o of_o the_o say_v three_o essential_a part_n of_o traffic_n commodity_n cause_n of_o the_o overballance_v of_o commodity_n we_o have_v but_o the_o use_n of_o one_o as_o they_o observe_v which_o be_v the_o buy_n of_o foreign_a commodity_n to_o make_v return_n increase_v therein_o the_o consumption_n of_o the_o say_a ware_n and_o not_o our_o own_o money_n remain_v hereby_o plentiful_a beyond_o the_o sea_n the_o rather_o for_o that_o bill_n of_o debt_n be_v as_o ready_a money_n pass_v between_o man_n and_o man_n cause_v with_o they_o a_o lively_a course_n of_o trade_n whereby_o their_o commodity_n be_v advance_v in_o price_n and_o sale_n neither_o be_v they_o compel_v to_o sell_v they_o but_o at_o their_o price_n because_o they_o find_v money_n at_o interest_n at_o five_o and_o six_o in_o the_o hundred_o this_o plenty_n of_o money_n be_v daily_o increase_v by_o our_o merchant_n trade_v spain_n and_o all_o other_o who_o do_v divert_v the_o royal_n of_o spain_n from_o we_o because_o of_o the_o enhance_a of_o money_n beyond_o the_o sea_n where_o they_o have_v 25_o upon_o the_o hundred_o gain_n when_o with_o we_o they_o make_v but_o 10_o ê‘_n cent_n this_o gain_n be_v practise_v by_o exchange_n and_o will_v otherwise_o be_v but_o imaginary_a as_o shall_v be_v declare_v hereafter_o whereby_o we_o shall_v find_v that_o the_o say_a exchange_n be_v still_o predominant_a and_o overrule_a the_o money_n and_o commodity_n chap._n vi_o a_o geometrical_a description_n of_o the_o world_n especial_o of_o europe_n measure_v by_o million_o of_o acre_n of_o ground_n upon_o the_o map_n the_o measure_n be_v one_o million_o or_o ten_o hundred_o thousand_o acre_n the_o circumference_n of_o the_o roundness_n of_o the_o whole_a globe_n of_o the_o world_n compose_v of_o water_n and_o earth_n be_v account_v to_o be_v
the_o light_a because_o it_o be_v a_o certain_a rule_n that_o good_n be_v liable_a only_o to_o contribution_n when_o ship_n and_o good_n come_v safe_a to_o the_o port._n item_n contribution_n shall_v be_v for_o the_o pilot_n fee_n pilot_n contribution_n for_o pilot_n that_o have_v bring_v the_o ship_n into_o a_o unknown_a port_n for_o her_o safeguard_n as_o also_o to_o raise_v she_o off_o ground_n when_o the_o fault_n be_v not_o in_o the_o master_n so_o be_v it_o when_o two_o ship_n rush_v and_o cross_v one_o over_o another_o and_o the_o company_n swear_v that_o it_o lay_v not_o in_o their_o power_n to_o stay_v the_o same_o contribution_n must_v be_v make_v for_o the_o reparation_n of_o both_o their_o loss_n but_o not_o so_o if_o one_o of_o they_o perish_v for_o which_o a_o action_n may_v be_v bring_v against_o the_o negligent_a master_n or_o mariner_n who_o do_v make_v she_o loose_v and_o therefore_o if_o such_o a_o chance_n do_v happen_v in_o the_o day_n time_n by_o a_o ship_n under_o sail_n against_o a_o ship_n ride_v at_o anchor_n then_o the_o master_n of_o that_o sail_a ship_n shall_v make_v good_a the_o damage_n and_o hurt_v of_o the_o other_o to_o the_o uttermost_a and_o the_o like_a shall_v be_v do_v if_o in_o the_o night_n the_o ride_a ship_n do_v put_v forth_o fire_n and_o light_n or_o make_v any_o cry_v to_o forewarn_v the_o other_o it_o also_o appertain_v to_o this_o argument_n if_o some_o sort_n of_o good_n as_o salt_n or_o corn_n be_v lay_v on_o heap_n by_o diverse_a partner_n in_o one_o ship_n without_o distinction_n and_o that_o the_o master_n deliver_v to_o any_o of_o they_o their_o due_a measure_n and_o before_o the_o rest_n receive_v their_o measure_n the_o remain_a salt_n or_o corn_n wash_v or_o lose_v he_o that_o have_v the_o hap_n to_o be_v first_o serve_v enjoy_v it_o full_o without_o any_o contribution_n to_o the_o partner_n serve_v first_o come_v first_o serve_v because_o when_o these_o good_n be_v put_v into_o the_o ship_n it_o be_v deliver_v to_o the_o master_n tanquam_fw-la in_o creditum_fw-la and_o so_o he_o be_v become_v owner_n as_o of_o money_n lend_v which_o man_n be_v not_o bind_v to_o redeliver_v in_o the_o self_n same_o piece_n but_o in_o value_n or_o such_o like_a coin_n except_o there_o be_v some_o condition_n pass_v to_o the_o contrary_n and_o albeit_o this_o be_v not_o to_o be_v impute_v unto_o the_o master_n as_o a_o fault_n yet_o if_o he_o that_o receive_v a_o loss_n thereby_o will_v bring_v in_o this_o as_o a_o aueridge_n and_o charge_v the_o assuror_n with_o contribution_n it_o be_v unjust_a for_o the_o reason_n aforesaid_a and_o the_o master_n must_v of_o necessity_n deliver_v to_o one_o man_n before_o another_o and_o therefore_o in_o the_o next_o chapter_n we_o will_v set_v down_o the_o manner_n of_o execution_n for_o contribution_n otherwise_o call_v aueridge_n concern_v the_o danger_n and_o adventure_n of_o letter_n of_o mart_n mart._n letter_n of_o mart._n or_o contremart_n sive_fw-la ius_fw-la reprisaliarum_fw-la or_o letter_n of_o marque_n every_o one_o know_v that_o man_n have_v these_o commission_n or_o letter_n from_o their_o prince_n be_v very_o vigilant_a in_o all_o place_n to_o surprise_v merchant_n ship_n and_o good_n for_o in_o this_o one_o extremity_n do_v enforce_v another_o extremity_n when_o a_o man_n be_v oppress_v with_o robbery_n spoil_n and_o violence_n on_o the_o sea_n by_o man_n false_o profess_v friend_n in_o such_o sort_n that_o no_o petition_n intercession_n or_o travel_n can_v procure_v a_o man_n right_a but_o that_o the_o subject_n of_o one_o prince_n have_v open_a denial_n of_o justice_n or_o restitution_n of_o good_n can_v be_v have_v at_o the_o hand_n of_o a_o subject_n of_o another_o prince_n nor_o of_o the_o prince_n himself_o who_o shall_v suppress_v injury_n and_o wrong_n then_o because_o such_o unjust_a deal_n do_v import_v just_a cause_n of_o hostility_n and_o warfare_n may_v these_o letter_n of_o mart_n be_v procure_v to_o the_o end_n man_n may_v have_v restitution_n or_o recompense_n of_o their_o loss_n especial_o because_o these_o proceed_n seem_v to_o denounce_v a_o war_n without_o any_o proclamation_n show_v unto_o other_o nation_n the_o like_a distasteful_a favour_n as_o they_o show_v unto_o we_o which_o be_v allow_v to_o be_v do_v by_o custom_n reason_n and_o also_o by_o statute_n law_n in_o scotland_n and_o afterward_o in_o england_n the_o assuror_n therefore_o can_v be_v favour_v herein_o prince_n detainment_n of_o prince_n the_o next_o be_v arrest_n restraint_n and_o detainement_n of_o king_n and_o prince_n and_o of_o all_o other_o person_n happen_v both_o in_o time_n of_o war_n and_o peace_n commit_v by_o the_o public_a authority_n of_o prince_n as_o also_o by_o private_a person_n both_o way_n dangerous_a ship_n privilege_a ship_n there_o be_v in_o all_o country_n privilege_a ship_n and_o boat_n serve_v the_o country_n or_o the_o prince_n which_o have_v great_a prerogative_n and_o be_v free_a of_o impost_n and_o custom_n and_o not_o subject_a to_o arrest_n therefore_o the_o assuror_n be_v not_o to_o care_v for_o they_o for_o they_o be_v to_o serve_v the_o prince_n and_o all_o ship_n be_v subject_a to_o this_o service_n upon_o command_n and_o if_o they_o refuse_v their_o ship_n be_v forfeit_v by_o the_o sea-lawe_n therefore_o in_o these_o case_n the_o favour_n of_o the_o admiral_n be_v always_o require_v it_o be_v a_o ordinary_a matter_n in_o spain_n and_o portugal_n to_o make_v a_o embargo_fw-mi upon_o all_o ship_n at_o the_o departure_n of_o the_o west-india_n fleet_n or_o the_o carracke_n for_o the_o east-indies_n and_o many_o time_n upon_o other_o occasion_n whereby_o merchant_n ship_n be_v lade_v be_v much_o hinder_v especial_o if_o it_o be_v with_o wine_n oil_n raisin_n and_o such_o like_a perishable_a ware_n now_o if_o the_o owner_n of_o the_o good_n shall_v think_v that_o his_o ware_n do_v perish_v lie_v two_o or_o three_o month_n lade_v or_o if_o it_o be_v corn_n that_o may_v become_v hot_a and_o spoil_v he_o may_v renounce_v these_o good_n or_o ware_n to_o the_o assuror_n and_o thereby_o bring_v a_o great_a loss_n upon_o they_o yet_o nevertheless_o he_o shall_v not_o need_v to_o abandon_v the_o good_n for_o by_o the_o policy_n of_o assurance_n it_o be_v always_o provide_v that_o in_o case_n of_o any_o misfortune_n it_o be_v lawful_a for_o he_o assurance_n a_o proviso_n in_o the_o policy_n of_o assurance_n his_o factor_n or_o assign_n or_o his_o servant_n or_o any_o of_o they_o to_o sue_v labour_n and_o travel_v for_o in_o and_o about_o the_o defence_n safeguard_n or_o recovery_n of_o the_o good_n and_o any_o part_n thereof_o and_o that_o the_o assuror_n shall_v contribute_v each_o according_a to_o the_o rate_n and_o quantity_n of_o the_o sum_n by_o he_o assure_v so_o that_o albeit_o that_o it_o do_v fall_v out_o that_o the_o good_n be_v not_o utter_o lose_v when_o the_o ship_n be_v cast_v away_o the_o assure_a must_v recover_v his_o whole_a money_n because_o he_o have_v authority_n by_o the_o policy_n of_o assurance_n to_o recover_v they_o or_o any_o part_n of_o they_o as_o aforesaid_a and_o he_o be_v afterward_o to_o yield_v a_o account_n thereof_o for_o so_o much_o as_o do_v concern_v every_o man_n ratable_o otherwise_o the_o assure_v shall_v be_v discourage_v if_o by_o those_o mean_n he_o shall_v make_v his_o assurance_n intricate_a and_o subject_a to_o all_o cavilation_n and_o to_o the_o interruption_n of_o so_o necessary_a and_o laudable_a a_o custom_n as_o the_o matter_n of_o assurance_n be_v therefore_o as_o in_o the_o matter_n in_o hand_n we_o have_v a_o care_n for_o the_o assuror_n that_o they_o shall_v not_o be_v deceive_v by_o those_o that_o cause_n assurance_n to_o be_v make_v so_o on_o the_o other_o side_n we_o will_v avoid_v to_o minister_v any_o occasion_n whereupon_o they_o may_v become_v quarrelsome_a but_o that_o all_o shall_v be_v leave_v to_o the_o commissioner_n determination_n who_o be_v or_o shall_v be_v at_o the_o least_o best_o able_a to_o examine_v the_o premise_n now_o concern_v the_o arrest_n of_o particular_a person_n ship_n arrest_n upon_o ship_n upon_o ship_n or_o good_n the_o assure_a can_v make_v no_o renunciation_n to_o charge_v the_o assuror_n with_o any_o loss_n either_o in_o the_o total_a or_o part_n because_o upon_o caution_n give_v to_o answer_v the_o law_n the_o ship_n or_o good_n arrest_v be_v instant_o clear_v in_o all_o place_n either_o here_o or_o beyond_o the_o sea_n where_o the_o arrest_n be_v make_v wherein_o the_o jurisdiction_n of_o all_o court_n for_o seafaring_a cause_n be_v very_o careful_a to_o see_v expedition_n use_v barratrie_fw-fr of_o the_o master_n and_o mariner_n can_v hardly_o be_v avoid_v master_n barratrie_fw-fr of_o the_o master_n but_o by_o a_o provident_a care_n to_o know_v they_o or_o at_o the_o least_o the_o master_n
their_o will_n and_o testament_n do_v bequeath_v any_o sum_n of_o money_n for_o the_o maintenance_n of_o this_o pious_a work_n in_o perpetual_a remembrance_n of_o the_o say_a benefactor_n 4_o item_n that_o the_o say_a officer_n shall_v use_v their_o best_a endeavour_n by_o all_o good_a mean_n to_o move_v all_o well_o dispose_v and_o charitable_a person_n to_o be_v giver_n lender_n and_o contributaries_n for_o the_o increase_n of_o the_o say_a stock_n especial_o when_o man_n be_v visit_v with_o sickness_n to_o the_o end_n that_o by_o their_o last_o will_n and_o testament_n they_o may_v be_v move_v to_o further_a this_o godly_a action_n for_o the_o continuance_n thereof_o for_o ever_o 5_o item_n that_o the_o lord_n mayor_n of_o london_n for_o the_o time_n be_v may_v have_v yearly_a inspection_n of_o the_o collection_n and_o account_n of_o the_o officer_n of_o the_o say_a mount_n of_o charity_n at_o a_o day_n by_o he_o to_o be_v appoint_v to_o see_v the_o due_a execution_n and_o administration_n of_o the_o stock_n aforesaid_a 6_o item_n that_o the_o clerk_n and_o other_o officer_n in_o place_n shall_v attend_v the_o say_a house_n from_o six_o a_o clock_n in_o the_o morning_n until_o eleven_o and_o from_o two_o of_o the_o clock_n in_o the_o afternoon_n until_o seven_o begin_v yearly_a from_o the_o five_o and_o twentieth_o day_n of_o march_n until_o the_o last_o of_o september_n and_o afterward_o to_o begin_v but_o at_o seven_o of_o the_o clock_n in_o the_o forenoon_n upon_o pain_n to_o be_v displace_v 7_o item_n that_o no_o man_n shall_v offer_v to_o pawn_v any_o movable_a thing_n have_v life_n or_o be_v subject_n to_o manifest_a corruption_n or_o pesterable_a ware_n of_o great_a bulk_n but_o only_a thing_n of_o wool_n linen_n silk_n or_o flax_n hemp_n or_o tow_n and_o such_o like_a or_o pewter_n iron_n brass_n or_o any_o other_o matter_n mettaline_a or_o mineral_n or_o of_o gold_n silver_n copper_n or_o precious_a stone_n 8_o item_n that_o all_o pawn_n which_o shall_v be_v pawn_v shall_v be_v take_v as_o sell_v in_o open_a market_n or_o shop_n upon_o the_o condition_n follow_v with_o the_o consent_n of_o the_o owner_n or_o lawful_a bringer_n thereof_o and_o so_o shall_v not_o be_v subject_a to_o be_v recover_v of_o the_o say_a officer_n by_o any_o fraudulent_a deal_n 9_o item_n that_o eâ—erie_a person_n if_o he_o will_v shall_v receive_v the_o three_o part_n of_o the_o value_n of_o his_o pawn_n that_o be_v to_o say_v if_o the_o pawn_n be_v worth_a twenty_o shilling_n he_o shall_v have_v fifteen_o shilling_n and_o so_o after_o the_o rate_n provide_v it_o do_v not_o exceed_v the_o sum_n of_o forty_o shilling_n at_o any_o time_n as_o abovesaid_a 10_o item_n that_o the_o say_a pawn_n shall_v be_v safe_o keep_v for_o the_o time_n that_o the_o same_o shall_v be_v pawn_v without_o wilful_a detriment_n or_o hurt_n be_v it_o for_o one_o month_n two_o three_o or_o more_o month_n not_o exceed_v the_o time_n of_o one_o year_n without_o new_a licence_n have_v for_o the_o same_o 11_o item_n that_o the_o person_n which_o do_v pawn_v any_o good_n as_o aforesaid_a either_o be_v owner_n or_o put_v in_o trust_n to_o pawn_v the_o same_o shall_v declare_v their_o name_n to_o be_v enter_v in_o the_o journals_n and_o other_o register_n and_o bring_v a_o avoucher_n if_o there_o be_v cause_n of_o suspicion_n that_o the_o party_n be_v felon_n or_o accessary_n of_o felony_n in_o which_o regard_n the_o say_v good_n shall_v be_v stay_v for_o 24_o hour_n to_o see_v whether_o any_o person_n do_v claim_v the_o same_o 12_o item_n that_o every_o person_n which_o do_v pawn_v any_o thing_n shall_v take_v a_o ticket_n contain_v the_o date_n of_o the_o time_n and_o year_n and_o the_o sum_n of_o money_n lend_v with_o the_o private_a mark_n of_o every_o house_n thereby_o to_o redeem_v his_o pawn_n at_o all_o time_n at_o his_o pleasure_n 13_o item_n that_o for_o the_o defray_n of_o the_o rent_n of_o convenient_a house_n recompense_n of_o officer_n and_o man_n wage_n and_o other_o charge_n incident_a for_o the_o due_a execution_n of_o the_o premise_n every_o person_n borrow_v a_o crown_n or_o five_o shilling_n shall_v give_v for_o his_o bill_n or_o ticket_n one_o farthing_n and_o for_o ten_o shilling_n one_o half_a penny_n and_o for_o twenty_o shilling_n one_o penny_n monthly_o and_o for_o a_o great_a or_o small_a sum_n according_o until_o such_o time_n that_o the_o stock_n be_v increase_v to_o such_o a_o competent_a sum_n as_o may_v countervail_v the_o say_a charge_n and_o supply_v the_o necessary_a occasion_n or_o want_n of_o the_o borrower_n to_o be_v declare_v hereafter_o 14_o item_n that_o all_o pawn_n which_o do_v lie_v above_o one_o year_n be_v not_o license_v to_o remain_v for_o long_a time_n shall_v be_v sell_v by_o a_o public_a officer_n in_o open_a outcry_n every_o quarter_n of_o a_o year_n the_o say_a officer_n to_o be_v appoint_v and_o swear_v by_o the_o lord_n mayor_n of_o london_n for_o the_o time_n be_v or_o by_o two_o justice_n of_o the_o peace_n at_o westminster_n and_o the_o surplusage_n of_o the_o money_n which_o shall_v be_v make_v more_o of_o the_o say_a pawn_n than_o the_o money_n lend_v thereupon_o after_o charge_n deduct_v shall_v be_v restore_v to_o the_o owner_n or_o know_a bringer_n of_o the_o say_a pawn_n or_o to_o their_o heir_n administrator_n or_o assign_n within_o one_o month_n after_o sale_n make_v of_o they_o upon_o demand_n to_o be_v make_v and_o by_o default_n of_o the_o say_a heir_n administrator_n or_o assign_n to_o be_v deliver_v within_o one_o year_n after_o to_o the_o say_a lord_n maior_n and_o justice_n of_o the_o peace_n and_o to_o be_v distribute_v by_o their_o wisdom_n to_o the_o poor_a 15_o item_n it_o shall_v be_v lawful_a unto_o the_o say_a officer_n to_o restore_v to_o the_o right_a owner_n any_o pawn_n which_o have_v be_v felonious_o take_v upon_o sufficient_a proof_n make_v if_o notice_n be_v give_v before_o the_o register_n thereof_o and_o if_o notice_n be_v give_v after_o the_o say_a register_n or_o pawn_n then_o to_o restore_v the_o same_o upon_o payment_n of_o the_o money_n borrow_v thereupon_o and_o charge_n 16_o item_n it_o shall_v be_v lawful_a for_o the_o treasurer_n general_n and_o surveyor_n with_o the_o consent_n of_o the_o lord_n mayor_n of_o london_n or_o two_o justice_n of_o the_o peace_n at_o westminster_n under_o their_o hand_n write_v when_o the_o say_a stock_n be_v increase_v to_o a_o great_a sum_n than_o shall_v be_v needful_a for_o the_o maintenance_n of_o the_o say_a mount_n of_o charity_n to_o give_v some_o relief_n unto_o such_o prisoner_n as_o be_v commit_v for_o debt_n in_o the_o several_a prison_n of_o their_o jurisdiction_n be_v it_o either_o for_o their_o maintenance_n there_o or_o after_o they_o have_v be_v one_o year_n in_o prison_n towards_o the_o composition_n which_o they_o shall_v make_v with_o their_o creditor_n so_o as_o the_o say_a gift_n do_v not_o exceed_v the_o sum_n of_o ten_o pound_n towards_o every_o hundred_o pound_n which_o the_o say_a prisoner_n be_v indebt_v if_o their_o good_a behaviour_n and_o likelihood_n to_o do_v well_o shall_v deserve_v the_o same_o *_o âŽ_o *_o quod_fw-la gratis_n accepimus_fw-la gratis_o damus_fw-la chap._n xiiii_o of_o the_o true_a calculation_n of_o money_n deliver_v at_o interest_n the_o act_n of_o parliament_n concern_v usury_n make_v in_o the_o thirteen_o year_n of_o queen_n elizabeth_n declare_v that_o usury_n be_v forbid_v and_o contrary_a to_o all_o divine_a and_o humane_a law_n do_v by_o way_n of_o toleration_n admit_v that_o whosoever_o shall_v deliver_v his_o money_n at_o interest_n after_o the_o rate_n of_o ten_o in_o the_o hundred_o for_o the_o year_n shall_v only_o be_v in_o danger_n to_o lose_v that_o ten_o in_o the_o hundred_o if_o any_o man_n by_o information_n plaint_n or_o bill_n will_v sue_v for_o the_o same_o but_o if_o it_o be_v above_o that_o rate_n the_o deliverer_n of_o the_o money_n shall_v lose_v the_o principal_a money_n and_o incur_v other_o penalty_n and_o this_o statute_n may_v be_v plead_v in_o bar_n and_o be_v to_o be_v construe_v against_o he_o direct_o and_o indirect_o wherefore_o all_o man_n deliver_v money_n at_o interest_n must_v be_v very_o careful_a how_o they_o make_v their_o contract_n because_o many_o mistake_n may_v happen_v for_o that_o all_o council_n learn_v in_o the_o law_n be_v not_o good_a arithmetician_n in_o the_o calculation_n of_o this_o ten_o in_o the_o hundred_o which_o be_v the_o ground_n of_o those_o contract_n insomuch_o that_o by_o the_o strict_a rule_n of_o the_o say_a statute_n the_o contract_n be_v find_v usurious_a and_o to_o exceed_v the_o rate_n be_v not_o only_o void_a ipso_fw-la facto_fw-la but_o the_o principal_a and_o interest_n be_v also_o lose_v this_o statute_n have_v relation_n to_o the_o
of_o john_n make_v mention_n of_o peter_n and_o william_n here_o be_v four_o taker_n up_o of_o money_n and_o but_o effectual_o one_o deliverer_n of_o money_n which_o be_v francis_n for_o albeit_o that_o peter_n be_v the_o first_o deliverer_n of_o the_o five_o hundred_o pound_n he_o become_v a_o taker_n again_o of_o the_o say_a money_n receive_v the_o same_o of_o william_n so_o that_o gradatim_fw-la john_n be_v the_o first_o taker_n up_o of_o the_o say_v five_o hundred_o pound_n peter_n be_v the_o second_o taker_n up_o william_n be_v the_o three_o taker_n up_o and_o nicholas_n be_v the_o four_o taker_n up_o of_o the_o say_v five_o hundred_o pound_n of_o francis_n to_o this_o francis_n be_v the_o bill_n of_o exchange_n give_v payable_a to_o his_o friend_n factor_n or_o servant_n in_o the_o place_n for_o which_o the_o money_n be_v take_v up_o but_o the_o say_a bill_n be_v make_v by_o john_n the_o first_o taker_n up_o of_o the_o say_a money_n declare_v that_o the_o value_n of_o it_o be_v receive_v of_o peter_n for_o william_n and_o for_o nicholas_n upon_o the_o account_n of_o francis_n which_o be_v the_o last_o deliverer_n of_o the_o money_n which_o bill_n be_v pay_v all_o the_o party_n in_o this_o exchange_n be_v satisfy_v and_o pay_v and_o this_o be_v do_v with_o great_a facility_n 4_o there_o be_v also_o a_o custom_n that_o money_n be_v take_v by_o exchange_n for_o a_o certain_a place_n by_o man_n who_o be_v not_o general_o know_v and_o therefore_o must_v use_v the_o credit_n of_o another_o man_n as_o a_o three_o person_n in_o the_o exchange_n if_o this_o man_n do_v subscribe_v his_o name_n to_o the_o three_o or_o second_o bill_n of_o exchange_n it_o be_v sufficient_a and_o will_v be_v due_o perform_v according_o 5_o it_o be_v also_o ordinary_a that_o a_o master_n to_o draw_v money_n from_o his_o servant_n into_o his_o own_o hand_n or_o a_o merchant_n in_o the_o like_a case_n from_o his_o factor_n will_v make_v a_o bill_n of_o exchange_n payable_a to_o some_o other_o person_n and_o say_v in_o the_o bill_n of_o exchange_n for_o the_o value_n receive_v of_o such_o a_o one_o name_v a_o friend_n of_o he_o as_o he_o take_v the_o say_a person_n to_o be_v if_o the_o servant_n or_o factor_n do_v accept_v this_o bill_n he_o will_v be_v make_v to_o pay_v it_o and_o if_o this_o person_n who_o name_n have_v be_v use_v will_v deal_v unjust_o the_o master_n or_o merchant_n shall_v be_v remediless_a unless_o he_o have_v some_o collateral_a writing_n for_o the_o same_o because_o the_o bill_n of_o exchange_n must_v be_v maintain_v 6_o again_o if_o a_o know_a servant_n do_v take_v up_o money_n beyond_o the_o sea_n upon_o his_o master_n and_o give_v his_o bill_n of_o exchange_n for_o it_o upon_o the_o say_a master_n the_o master_n be_v liable_a to_o pay_v the_o same_o although_o he_o do_v not_o accept_v the_o bill_n of_o exchange_n for_o it_o be_v understand_v that_o by_o his_o credit_n and_o not_o by_o the_o servant_n credit_n the_o money_n have_v be_v take_v up_o so_o that_o until_o he_o make_v a_o public_a declaration_n denounce_v his_o servant_n to_o the_o broker_n of_o exchange_n and_o otherwise_o the_o master_n be_v to_o pay_v all_o by_o the_o custom_n of_o merchant_n to_o be_v keep_v inviolable_a 7_o there_o be_v also_o a_o custom_n that_o a_o master_n unto_o his_o servant_n or_o one_o friend_n unto_o another_o will_v send_v bill_n of_o exchange_n with_o the_o name_n in_o blank_a from_o one_o country_n into_o another_o as_o from_o hamborough_n to_o embden_n or_o from_o antuerpe_n to_o amsterdam_n and_o from_o thence_o to_o dansicke_a and_o at_o amsterdam_n the_o name_n be_v put_v in_o to_o who_o to_o be_v pay_v and_o of_o who_o receive_v and_o this_o depend_v upon_o the_o credit_n of_o he_o that_o make_v the_o bill_n of_o exchange_n and_o this_o be_v also_o accomplish_v very_o orderly_o 8_o again_o a_o merchant_n may_v take_v by_o exchange_n in_o another_o man_n name_n or_o in_o his_o own_o name_n and_o another_o man_n name_n together_o money_n to_o be_v pay_v in_o any_o place_n where_o exchange_n be_v use_v and_o subscribe_v his_o name_n and_o that_o man_n name_n or_o that_o man_n name_n alone_o and_o this_o man_n who_o name_n be_v use_v be_v liable_a and_o answerable_a to_o the_o say_a exchange_n if_o it_o be_v prove_v that_o it_o be_v do_v or_o the_o like_a use_v to_o be_v do_v by_o that_o other_o party_n with_o his_o consent_n or_o privity_n for_o to_o avoid_v inconvenience_n in_o the_o course_n of_o exchange_n 9_o nay_o this_o go_v yet_o further_o to_o be_v consider_v of_o in_o equity_n and_o so_o adjudge_v that_o if_o a_o man_n do_v take_v up_o money_n for_o any_o place_n by_o exchange_n posito_fw-la from_o london_n to_o middleborough_n and_o there_o the_o money_n be_v pay_v and_o take_v up_o again_o by_o exchange_n for_o antuerpe_n and_o there_o it_o be_v also_o pay_v by_o money_n take_v up_o for_o amsterdam_n and_o at_o amsterdam_n it_o be_v pay_v for_o the_o say_a money_n be_v take_v up_o there_o again_o for_o middleborough_n and_o at_o middleborough_n it_o be_v again_o return_v and_o take_v up_o for_o london_n in_o one_o or_o more_o sum_n run_v in_o account_n between_o all_o these_o party_n deal_v therein_o but_o here_o at_o london_n it_o be_v not_o pay_v but_o go_v back_o again_o to_o middleborough_n by_o protest_v and_o there_o the_o taker_n up_o of_o it_o become_v insoluent_a now_o if_o it_o be_v prove_v that_o those_o money_n be_v original_o take_v up_o in_o london_n by_o the_o credit_n of_o that_o first_o taker_n which_o have_v be_v a_o principal_a cause_n of_o the_o continuance_n of_o it_o by_o exchange_n this_o man_n of_o london_n be_v to_o be_v charge_v with_o it_o as_o well_o as_o the_o taker_n up_o of_o the_o money_n beyond_o the_o sea_n thus_o may_v we_o see_v how_o tender_a and_o noble_a a_o bill_n of_o exchange_n be_v of_o nature_n which_o by_o the_o proceed_n thereupon_o will_v be_v make_v more_o apparent_a *_o âŽ_o *_o chap._n vi_o of_o the_o non-acceptation_n of_o bill_n of_o exchange_n and_o custom_n observe_v concern_v the_o same_o this_o high_a nature_n of_o a_o bill_n of_o exchange_n require_v such_o preciseness_n of_o proceed_n to_o see_v the_o performance_n thereof_o that_o every_o man_n ought_v to_o be_v very_o vigilant_a to_o observe_v the_o same_o and_o therefore_o as_o soon_o as_o a_o merchant_n receive_v a_o bill_n of_o exchange_n whether_o it_o be_v payable_a at_o sight_n usance_n or_o double_a usance_n he_o be_v to_o present_v the_o say_a bill_n of_o exchange_n to_o the_o party_n upon_o who_o it_o be_v direct_v to_o know_v whether_o he_o will_v accept_v the_o same_o which_o if_o he_o do_v or_o promise_v by_o write_v under_o it_o the_o word_n accept_v observation_n first_o observation_n or_o with_o the_o addition_n of_o his_o name_n accept_v by_o i_o a._n b._n than_o the_o party_n be_v to_o pay_v it_o at_o the_o time_n contain_v in_o the_o bill_n but_o if_o the_o say_a party_n be_v not_o resolve_v to_o accept_v the_o same_o then_o after_o twenty_o and_o four_o hour_n past_a it_o be_v convenient_a to_o present_v he_o the_o say_a bill_n with_o a_o notary_n to_o make_v intimation_n of_o it_o unto_o he_o and_o to_o know_v whether_o he_o will_v accept_v the_o same_o as_o you_o do_v before_o if_o he_o deny_v to_o accept_v it_o than_o the_o notary_n do_v protest_v against_o he_o in_o word_n that_o the_o merchant_n do_v intend_v to_o recover_v all_o damage_n which_o he_o or_o the_o deliverer_n of_o the_o money_n beyond_o the_o sea_n or_o himself_o for_o other_o might_n or_o shall_v sustain_v thereby_o whereunto_o the_o party_n need_v not_o to_o make_v any_o reply_n but_o if_o he_o do_v and_o withal_o desire_v the_o notary_n to_o declare_v the_o same_o in_o the_o notariall_a act_n or_o protest_v which_o he_o make_v for_o the_o non-acceptation_n then_o the_o notary_n be_v to_o put_v it_o down_o in_o write_v according_o and_o to_o deliver_v the_o same_o to_o the_o merchant_n to_o be_v send_v beyond_o the_o sea_n with_o all_o expedition_n because_o the_o deliverer_n of_o the_o money_n there_o may_v take_v notice_n of_o it_o and_o secure_v himself_o of_o the_o party_n if_o there_o be_v cause_n and_o in_o the_o send_n of_o this_o protest_v of_o intimation_n the_o opportunity_n of_o the_o first_o post_n be_v to_o be_v observe_v to_o send_v the_o same_o by_o observation_n second_o observation_n if_o the_o merchant_n to_o who_o the_o bill_n be_v payable_a be_v absent_a or_o sick_a or_o depart_v this_o life_n nevertheless_o any_o friend_n or_o servant_n of_o he_o may_v cause_v this_o protest_v to_o be_v make_v by_o the_o notary_n who_o do_v declare_v the_o name_n of_o he_o at_o who_o request_n he_o do_v present_v the_o
a_o commonwealth_n for_o the_o maintenance_n of_o law_n which_o otherwise_o will_v be_v fruitless_a or_o make_v as_o it_o be_v say_v by_o some_o propter_fw-la terrorem_fw-la for_o prevention_n whereof_o it_o be_v very_o commendable_a to_o preserve_v this_o life_n of_o the_o law_n consist_v in_o execution_n which_o be_v the_o cause_n that_o commissioner_n have_v be_v heretofore_o appoint_v to_o retain_v man_n in_o their_o duty_n as_o the_o nomophilats_n in_o greece_n the_o censuror_n among_o the_o roman_n the_o ephore_n at_o lacedaemon_n the_o areopagit_n at_o athens_n the_o visitor_n in_o spain_n duty_n commissioner_n to_o retain_v officer_n in_o their_o duty_n and_o the_o commissioner_n of_o troyle_n the_o bastort_v in_o edward_n the_o first_o his_o time_n for_o all_o humane_a action_n be_v so_o flexible_a to_o evil_n that_o they_o have_v need_n of_o a_o continual_a remembrancer_n to_o virtue_n for_o the_o conservation_n of_o the_o public_a good_a if_o we_o will_v make_v a_o comparison_n between_o the_o execution_n of_o criminal_a cause_n and_o civil_a we_o shall_v in_o a_o manner_n find_v the_o same_o to_o be_v all_o one_o effectual_o for_o the_o general_a manner_n of_o death_n impose_v by_o the_o law_n be_v hang_v where_o in_o other_o country_n they_o have_v diverse_a manner_n of_o execution_n according_a as_o the_o fact_n be_v heinous_a murder_n be_v a_o great_a offence_n have_v in_o all_o age_n be_v punish_v with_o death_n but_o steal_v of_o good_n be_v always_o take_v to_o be_v much_o inferior_a because_o the_o law_n of_o god_n do_v not_o punish_v the_o same_o by_o death_n as_o be_v now_o use_v and_o yet_o a_o death_n by_o sudden_a execution_n be_v better_a than_o a_o linger_a death_n by_o famine_n imprisonment_n and_o other_o adversity_n before_o remember_v the_o effect_n of_o the_o king_n prerogative_n royal_a to_o be_v merciful_a even_o when_o law_n have_v have_v her_o full_a course_n be_v to_o be_v see_v rather_o in_o cause_n civil_a than_o criminal_a and_o that_o in_o the_o relief_n of_o poor_a distress_a prisoner_n and_o other_o contrary_n justice_n and_o mercy_n in_o god_n be_v not_o contrary_n see_v the_o mercy_n of_o god_n who_o lieutenant_n they_o be_v on_o earth_n be_v above_o all_o his_o work_n which_o make_v i_o to_o remember_v a_o error_n of_o the_o common_a people_n which_o think_v the_o justice_n and_o mercy_n of_o god_n to_o be_v contrary_n for_o if_o they_o be_v they_o can_v not_o be_v in_o god_n because_o the_o godhead_n be_v but_o one_o and_o always_o like_o itself_o can_v admit_v contrary_n and_o contrary_n they_o can_v be_v be_v both_o virtue_n whereas_o no_o virtue_n be_v contrary_a to_o virtue_n but_o only_o opposite_a to_o vice_n so_o that_o respect_v the_o king_n prerogative_n in_o criminal_a cause_n when_o the_o law_n have_v determine_v death_n or_o punishment_n by_o perpetual_a imprisonment_n or_o banishment_n the_o king_n imitate_v god_n mercy_n do_v restore_v life_n freedom_n and_o liberty_n much_o more_o may_v the_o king_n do_v the_o same_o in_o civil_a cause_n when_o the_o law_n command_v imprisonment_n until_o satisfaction_n be_v make_v of_o the_o judgement_n give_v liberty_n and_o prolongation_n of_o time_n as_o have_v a_o interest_n in_o the_o person_n of_o his_o subject_n as_o we_o have_v observe_v i_o have_v herein_o be_v the_o more_o ample_a because_o it_o concern_v the_o life_n of_o many_o honest_a man_n etc._n etc._n chap._n xiii_o of_o denization_n and_o naturalisation_n of_o merchant_n the_o manner_n to_o make_v merchant_n stranger_n artificersâ—_n or_o handiecraft_n man_n to_o be_v denizen_n or_o naturalize_v be_v in_o time_n pass_v without_o any_o difference_n and_o they_o do_v enjoy_v the_o like_a liberty_n and_o privilege_n and_o be_v most_o common_o make_v by_o his_o majesty_n letter_n patent_n under_o the_o great_a seal_n of_o england_n by_o his_o highness_n prerogative_n royal_a whereby_o they_o do_v enjoy_v all_o the_o freedom_n and_o immunity_n that_o natural_a subject_n do_v enjoy_v and_o be_v so_o repute_v and_o take_v by_o the_o law_n of_o the_o realm_n upon_o their_o oath_n make_v in_o chancery_n of_o allegiance_n to_o the_o king_n and_o the_o commonwealth_n but_o the_o same_o be_v afterwards_o call_v in_o question_n upon_o the_o misdemeanour_n of_o some_o forgetful_a person_n and_o then_o denizen_n be_v make_v to_o pay_v custom_n to_o the_o king_n as_o stranger_n howbeit_o they_o may_v buy_v lease_n land_n and_o house_n as_o english_a bear_v subject_n and_o their_o child_n here_o bear_v shall_v be_v free_a and_o pay_v but_o english_a custom_n for_o good_n import_v and_o export_v and_o may_v become_v freeman_n of_o london_n and_o buy_v cloth_n in_o blackewell_n hall_n and_o all_o other_o market_n and_o transport_v the_o same_o where_o it_o please_v they_o albeit_o the_o merchant_n adventurer_n have_v infringe_v the_o same_o distinguish_v naturalize_v distinguish_v nevertheless_o some_o privilege_n to_o pay_v english_a custom_n be_v grant_v to_o some_o particular_a merchant_n by_o the_o prince_n prerogative_n by_o letter_n patent_n under_o the_o great_a seal_n it_o come_v to_o pass_v that_o these_o be_v name_v naturalize_v which_o may_v be_v place_v in_o office_n as_o justice_n of_o the_o peace_n and_o quorum_fw-la high_a sheriff_n of_o the_o county_n and_o other_o place_n of_o dignity_n and_o come_v to_o be_v make_v knight_n and_o barronet_n and_o some_o of_o they_o buy_v land_n and_o lease_n make_v great_a purchase_n marry_v their_o daughter_n unto_o diverse_a gentleman_n and_o other_o do_v also_o sell_v land_n again_o and_o buy_v other_o land_n which_o buy_v and_o sell_v of_o land_n do_v require_v assurance_n to_o be_v make_v and_o therein_o some_o lawyer_n be_v of_o opinion_n that_o by_o the_o law_n the_o say_a assurance_n be_v not_o of_o sufficient_a validity_n without_o a_o act_n of_o parliament_n and_o then_o the_o act_n of_o naturalisation_n be_v make_v but_o the_o make_n of_o denizen_n be_v always_o continue_v by_o his_o majesty_n letter_n patent_n only_o and_o they_o be_v not_o subject_a to_o the_o statute_n of_o employment_n albeit_o they_o pay_v stranger_n custom_n employment_n denizen_n not_o subject_a to_o the_o statute_n of_o employment_n and_o diverse_a other_o charge_n which_o the_o native_a subject_n do_v not_o pay_v whereof_o merchant_n be_v to_o take_v notice_n no_o stranger_n which_o be_v a_o mechanical_a person_n be_v much_o incline_v to_o be_v a_o natural_a subject_n by_o act_n of_o parliament_n because_o of_o the_o charge_n of_o it_o which_o may_v be_v about_o 30_o will_v albeit_o four_o or_o five_o person_n may_v join_v together_o by_o petition_n to_o the_o parliament_n and_o have_v one_o act_n for_o they_o all_o the_o form_n whereof_o be_v common_o as_o hereafter_o follow_v and_o here_o note_v that_o a_o merchant_n be_v in_o no_o danger_n if_o he_o be_v neither_o denizon_n nor_o naturalize_v but_o may_v deal_v traffic_n and_o negotiate_v at_o his_o pleasure_n but_o he_o may_v take_v no_o lease_n nor_o buy_v land_n in_o most_o humble_a manner_n beseech_v your_o most_o excellent_a majesty_n your_o humble_a and_o obedient_a orator_n i._n l._n of_o florence_n your_o majesty_n servant_n t._n m._n etc._n etc._n r._n b._n and_o m._n q._n that_o whereas_o the_o say_v i._o l._n the_o son_n of_o a._n l._n and_o l._n his_o wife_n stranger_n be_v bear_v at_o florence_n in_o italy_n in_o the_o part_n beyond_o the_o sea_n and_o whereas_o etc._n etc._n and_o whereas_o m._n q._n be_v the_o son_n of_o m._n q._n and_o c._n his_o wife_n bear_v at_o bridge_n in_o flanders_n in_o the_o part_n beyond_o the_o sea_n in_o lawful_a matrimony_n and_o have_v for_o the_o most_o part_n these_o twenty_o year_n remain_v and_o make_v his_o abode_n in_o london_n within_o your_o majesty_n realm_n of_o england_n during_o which_o time_n he_o have_v demean_v himself_o faithful_o and_o dutiful_o towards_o your_o highness_n and_o your_o law_n yet_o for_o that_o both_o he_o and_o the_o rest_n of_o your_o majesty_n orator_n be_v bear_v in_o the_o part_n beyond_o the_o sea_n they_o can_v take_v benefit_n of_o your_o majesty_n law_n statute_n and_o custom_n of_o your_o highness_n realm_n of_o england_n as_o other_o your_o majesty_n subject_n bear_v within_o this_o realm_n to_o their_o great_a prejudice_n loss_n and_o hindrance_n it_o may_v therefore_o please_v your_o highness_n of_o your_o most_o noble_a and_o abundant_a grace_n that_o it_o may_v be_v ordain_v enact_v and_o establish_v by_o your_o highness_n the_o lord_n spiritual_a and_o temporal_a and_o the_o commons_o of_o this_o present_a parliament_n assemble_v and_o by_o the_o authority_n of_o the_o same_o that_o your_o majesty_n most_o humble_a petitioner_n i._n l._n t._n m._n r._n b._n and_o m._n q._n and_o every_o of_o they_o shall_v from_o henceforth_o be_v adjudge_v repute_v and_o take_v to_o be_v your_o highness_n natural_a subject_n and_o as_o person_n
for_o in_o the_o execution_n consist_v the_o life_n of_o all_o law_n and_o the_o perfect_a of_o man_n action_n which_o aim_v at_o some_o certain_a end_n for_o it_o have_v be_v well_o observe_v by_o some_o that_o the_o action_n of_o a_o wise_a man_n and_o a_o fool_n differ_v in_o this_o fool_n difference_n between_o the_o action_n of_o a_o wise_a man_n and_o a_o fool_n that_o the_o wise_a have_v a_o regard_n to_o the_o end_n in_o what_o they_o undertake_v and_o the_o fool_n without_o consideration_n permit_v the_o end_n to_o manifest_v in_o self_n whereof_o ignorant_a man_n judge_v according_a to_o the_o event_n although_o the_o enterprise_n be_v never_o so_o advise_o take_v in_o hand_n and_o as_o if_o the_o success_n do_v not_o depend_v upon_o the_o divine_a power_n to_o be_v guide_v by_o his_o providence_n the_o determination_n of_o all_o cause_n and_o controversy_n especial_o of_o merchant_n affair_n be_v do_v and_o execute_v as_o follow_v 1_o concern_v seafaring_a cause_n which_o be_v determine_v according_a to_o the_o sea-lawe_n already_o write_v and_o in_o the_o premise_n abridge_v controversy_n four_o meaneâ—_n to_o end_v controversy_n we_o shall_v in_o this_o chapter_n brief_o declare_v the_o manner_n of_o it_o 2_o the_o second_o mean_a to_o end_v controversy_n be_v by_o arbitrator_n choose_v and_o elect_v by_o both_o party_n to_o end_v their_o difference_n with_o brevity_n and_o expedition_n to_o avoid_v suit_n in_o law_n which_o unto_o merchant_n be_v inconvenient_a 3_o the_o three_o mean_v be_v the_o authority_n of_o prior_n and_o consul_n of_o merchant_n for_o the_o merchant_n court_n according_a to_o the_o privilege_n which_o prince_n have_v grant_v unto_o they_o for_o the_o advancement_n of_o their_o traffic_n and_o maintenance_n of_o their_o custom_n whereof_o most_o judge_n be_v either_o ignorant_a or_o content_v to_o determine_v matter_n according_o 4_o the_o four_o and_o last_o mean_v to_o determine_v question_n and_o difference_n be_v by_o the_o civil_a or_o imperial_a law_n or_o the_o common_a law_n of_o the_o kingdom_n or_o jurisdiction_n of_o the_o several_a dominion_n of_o prince_n according_a to_o the_o fundamental_a law_n of_o they_o wherein_o we_o be_v especial_o to_o observe_v that_o the_o law-merchant_n be_v predominant_a and_o overrule_a for_o all_o nation_n do_v frame_n and_o direct_v their_o judgement_n thereafter_o give_v place_n to_o the_o antiquity_n of_o merchant_n custom_n which_o make_v proper_o their_o law_n now_o by_o i_o methodical_o describe_v in_o this_o book_n which_o allow_v to_o every_o man_n and_o nation_n his_o proper_a right_n and_o due_a and_o hure_v no_o man_n law_n three_o precept_n of_o all_o law_n according_a to_o the_o three_o general_a precept_n of_o all_o law_n set_v down_o by_o caius_n and_o after_o he_o by_o tribonianus_n namely_o honest_a vivere_fw-la alterum_fw-la non_fw-la laedere_fw-la &_o ius_n suum_fw-la cuique_fw-la tribuere_fw-la whereof_o the_o second_o tri_v and_o rule_v the_o two_o other_o whereof_o more_o hereafter_o touch_v the_o first_o mean_v to_o determine_v seafaring_a cause_n it_o shall_v not_o be_v needful_a to_o speak_v much_o of_o the_o definition_n of_o a_o admiral_n at_o the_o sea_n admiral_n a_o admiral_n call_v by_o the_o roman_n magnus_n dux_n classis_fw-la and_o drungarius_n magnus_fw-la or_o admiratus_fw-la from_o amiras_n a_o word_n use_v by_o the_o spaniard_n to_o see_v or_o adelantado_n as_o go_v before_o the_o rest_n of_o ship_n also_o by_o the_o italian_n l'amiraglio_n or_o admiral_n in_o french_a because_o his_o call_n be_v know_v to_o all_o but_o let_v we_o observe_v that_o for_o the_o ready_a obedience_n to_o the_o great_a admiral_n of_o the_o sea_n it_o be_v agree_v by_o common_a consent_n of_o all_o nation_n that_o they_o shall_v have_v in_o regard_n of_o their_o power_n over_o the_o life_n of_o man_n a_o sovereign_a jurisdiction_n only_o proper_a to_o themselves_o court._n the_o admiral_n court._n in_o all_o seafaring_a cause_n and_o debate_v civil_a and_o criminal_a so_o that_o no_o other_o judge_n shall_v meddle_v therewith_o and_o the_o judge_n of_o the_o court_n be_v his_o deputy_n judicial_o to_o decide_v they_o by_o the_o advocate_n and_o other_o assistant_n for_o the_o better_a and_o just_a proceed_n of_o the_o say_a court_n also_o the_o admiral_n clerk_n be_v veric_a necessary_a and_o herein_o it_o have_v be_v think_v convenient_a that_o all_o proctor_n or_o attorn'ey_n of_o that_o court_n shall_v take_v their_o oath_n before_o they_o be_v hear_v etc._n advocate_n and_o proctor_n etc._n etc._n that_o they_o shall_v do_v nothing_o malicious_o but_o as_o soon_o as_o they_o find_v their_o action_n to_o be_v unrighteous_a in_o any_o part_n of_o the_o process_n they_o be_v to_o tell_v it_o to_o their_o client_n and_o if_o the_o client_n will_v insist_v then_o to_o show_v it_o to_o the_o judge_n oath_n the_o proctor_n oath_n also_o that_o they_o shall_v not_o reveal_v their_o client_n secret_n to_o the_o adversary_n and_o last_o that_o they_o shall_v not_o propound_v delay_n nor_o be_v peremptory_a against_o their_o conscience_n and_o the_o like_a oath_n be_v to_o be_v take_v of_o other_o officer_n at_o their_o admission_n the_o cause_n to_o be_v determine_v in_o the_o admiralty_n court_n do_v extend_v very_o far_o and_o many_o be_v otherwise_o decree_v or_o determine_v especial_o by_o the_o merchant_n court_n admiralty_n cause_n to_o be_v determine_v by_o the_o admiralty_n and_o office_n of_o assurance_n whereas_o heretofore_o the_o judge_n of_o the_o admiralty_n do_v minister_v justice_n upon_o all_o complaint_n contract_n offence_n plea_n exchange_n assurance_n debt_n account_n charterparty_n covenant_n and_o all_o other_o writing_n concern_v lade_v and_o unlade_v of_o ship_n fraight_n hire_n money_n lend_v upon_o hazard_n of_o the_o sea_n and_o all_o other_o seafaring_a business_n do_v on_o the_o sea_n or_o beyond_o the_o sea_n with_o the_o acknowledge_v of_o writ_n and_o appeal_n from_o other_o judge_n letter_n of_o reprisal_n or_o mart_n to_o arrest_v and_o put_v in_o execution_n to_o inquire_v within_o and_o without_o liberty_n by_o the_o oath_n of_o twelve_o man_n upon_o all_o offence_n and_o trespass_n and_o namely_o first_o touch_v the_o revealer_n of_o the_o king_n and_o country_n their_o secret_n over_o sea_n especial_o in_o time_n of_o war_n against_o pirate_n their_o assister_n or_o abettor_n outreader_n or_o receiver_n against_o fortefier_n of_o the_o king_n enemy_n and_o harmer_n of_o friend_n against_o the_o breaker_n of_o the_o admiral_n arrest_n and_o attachment_n against_o good_n forbid_v and_o merchandise_n not_o custom_a and_o yet_o transport_v against_o the_o resister_n of_o the_o admiral_n officer_n in_o execute_v his_o precept_n against_o forestaller_n regrater_n and_o dearther_n of_o corn_n and_o victual_n etc._n etc._n final_o against_o transporter_n of_o traitor_n rebel_n manifest_a transgressor_n and_o fugitive_n from_o justice_n or_o 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in_o far_a voyage_n in_o time_n of_o
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be_v produce_v examine_v and_o publication_n have_v of_o their_o deposition_n 7_o the_o party_n do_v reason_n of_o the_o deposition_n and_o the_o matter_n be_v bring_v to_o hear_v 8_o when_o the_o judge_n give_v sentence_n or_o judgement_n 9_o when_o execution_n be_v have_v upon_o the_o sentence_n or_o the_o party_n appeal_v 10_o when_o the_o cause_n depart_v out_o of_o that_o judge_n power_n before_o a_o high_a authority_n and_o all_o this_o be_v common_o do_v in_o four_o month_n arragon_n observation_n of_o the_o proceed_n of_o the_o law_n of_o arragon_n with_o the_o observation_n by_o the_o law_n require_v namely_o the_o consideration_n incident_a which_o be_v worthy_a to_o be_v note_v to_o prevent_v unjust_a deal_n 1_o touch_v the_o first_o time_n the_o judge_n take_v not_o any_o notice_n thereof_o for_o the_o process_n be_v grant_v of_o course_n unless_o it_o appear_v that_o the_o complainant_n have_v be_v the_o slave_n of_o the_o defendant_n or_o the_o son_n do_v commence_v a_o suit_n against_o the_o father_n or_o the_o servant_n against_o his_o master_n wherein_o upon_o good_a consideration_n licence_n must_v be_v have_v of_o the_o judge_n 2_o the_o second_o that_o they_o must_v appear_v before_o the_o judge_n at_o three_o several_a time_n of_o ten_o day_n or_o thirty_o day_n at_o any_o one_o time_n which_o be_v peremptory_a after_o which_o there_o lie_v a_o contempt_n against_o the_o party_n not_o appear_v during_o which_o time_n the_o judge_n do_v proceed_v according_a to_o the_o nature_n of_o the_o action_n and_o the_o maxim_n of_o the_o law_n which_o be_v compile_v together_o to_o judge_v by_o and_o serve_v he_o for_o his_o direction_n but_o in_o extraordinary_a cause_n his_o conscience_n lead_v he_o 3_o the_o three_o time_n touch_v exception_n be_v not_o only_o between_o party_n and_o party_n but_o also_o against_o the_o judge_n for_o insufficiency_n of_o authority_n give_v he_o if_o the_o cause_n so_o require_v 4_o the_o four_o time_n three_o thing_n be_v to_o be_v observe_v upon_o the_o defendant_n answer_v 1_o whether_o he_o deny_v all_o or_o do_v confess_v part_n or_o all_o 2_o whether_o it_o be_v requisite_a that_o the_o judge_n judicial_o hear_v the_o cause_n or_o else_o according_a to_o the_o defendant_n answer_v and_o confession_n judge_v he_o to_o pay_v or_o satisfy_v the_o matter_n within_o nine_o day_n 3_o that_o after_o the_o contestation_n of_o the_o suit_n there_o be_v no_o matter_n of_o any_o dilatory_a exception_n allege_v to_o hinder_v the_o proceed_n but_o rather_o peremptory_a exception_n to_o bring_v the_o matter_n to_o a_o definative_a sentence_n 5_o the_o five_o time_n four_o thing_n be_v to_o be_v observe_v namely_o 1_o the_o complainant_n must_v swear_v that_o he_o be_v persuade_v that_o he_o demand_v a_o just_a and_o right_a demand_n and_o the_o defendant_n likewise_o that_o he_o defend_v his_o right_n 2_o that_o
they_o shall_v speak_v truth_n to_o that_o which_o shall_v be_v demand_v of_o they_o 3_o that_o they_o shall_v not_o require_v without_o just_a cause_n any_o time_n of_o prolongation_n 4_o that_o they_o have_v not_o nor_o will_v attempt_v to_o corrupt_v witness_n 6_o the_o six_o time_n upon_o the_o contestation_n and_o interlocutorie_a sentence_n you_o must_v observe_v nine_o thing_n 1_o that_o the_o witness_n be_v present_v in_o presence_n of_o the_o party_n against_o who_o they_o be_v produce_v 2_o that_o they_o be_v freeman_n and_o honest_a and_o not_o hire_v nor_o corrupt_v 3_o that_o they_o be_v swear_v and_o the_o producent_fw-la pay_v his_o charge_n 4_o you_o may_v inquire_v of_o the_o party_n that_o do_v produce_v the_o witness_n as_o also_o of_o the_o witness_n by_o certain_a article_n what_o may_v appertain_v to_o the_o cause_n in_o regard_n of_o their_o admittance_n for_o to_o be_v swear_v because_o their_o deposition_n be_v the_o ground_n of_o the_o matter_n 5_o that_o the_o plaintiff_n have_v have_v three_o several_a time_n to_o produce_v his_o witness_n shall_v not_o have_v any_o other_o time_n to_o examine_v any_o more_o unless_o he_o do_v swear_v that_o he_o know_v not_o what_o the_o former_a witness_n have_v depose_v and_o the_o judge_n do_v assent_v thereunto_o 6_o if_o the_o witness_n have_v declare_v any_o thing_n obscure_o they_o may_v declare_v the_o same_o more_o plain_o if_o the_o judge_n do_v desire_v the_o same_o at_o the_o entreaty_n of_o the_o party_n according_a as_o he_o shall_v direct_v 7_o after_o publication_n of_o the_o witness_n deposition_n there_o may_v not_o any_o other_o witness_n be_v depose_v upon_o the_o say_a interrogatory_n or_o any_o matter_n touch_v the_o same_o 8_o that_o the_o witness_n be_v examine_v of_o the_o time_n of_o the_o place_n and_o of_o the_o case_n itself_o whether_o they_o have_v see_v or_o hear_v the_o same_o &_o what_o they_o believe_v or_o know_v thereof_o or_o of_o the_o report_n they_o have_v 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the_o defendant_n which_o seek_v delay_n be_v not_o content_v with_o so_o short_a a_o time_n of_o plead_v the_o complainant_n also_o may_v know_v whether_o it_o be_v safe_a for_o he_o to_o take_v his_o oath_n as_o aforesaid_a that_o he_o be_v in_o conscience_n persuade_v of_o his_o right_n suit_n to_o abridge_v the_o multiplicity_n of_o suit_n and_o morever_o pay_v a_o fine_a for_o wrong_v molestation_n abridge_v with_o they_o heretofore_o the_o multiplicity_n of_o suit_n omit_v now_o to_o speak_v of_o other_o court_n of_o equity_n and_o call_v law_n and_o equity_n to_o be_v the_o common_a law_n so_o much_o commend_v above_o the_o civil_a law_n by_o the_o say_v m_o r._n fortescue_n sometime_o lord_n chief_a justice_n of_o the_o king_n bench_n in_o the_o time_n of_o king_n henry_n the_o six_o who_o have_v observe_v five_o point_n wherein_o the_o same_o consist_v let_v we_o observe_v many_o more_o to_o extol_v the_o excellency_n of_o the_o say_v common_a law_n as_o follow_v summary_o 1_o first_o because_o of_o the_o antiquity_n thereof_o england_n excellency_n of_o the_o common_a law_n of_o england_n for_o that_o in_o all_o the_o time_n that_o the_o realm_n be_v inhabit_v by_o five_o several_a nation_n the_o same_o be_v still_o rule_v by_o the_o say_a custom_n that_o it_o be_v now_o govern_v withal_o which_o if_o they_o have_v not_o be_v good_a some_o of_o the_o king_n of_o these_o several_a nation_n move_v either_o with_o justice_n or_o with_o reason_n and_o affection_n will_v have_v change_v or_o abolish_v the_o same_o especial_o the_o roman_n who_o judge_v all_o the_o world_n 2_o second_o for_o that_o the_o king_n of_o england_n at_o their_o coronation_n do_v take_v a_o solemn_a oath_n to_o cause_v all_o the_o custom_n of_o the_o realm_n to_o be_v faithful_o observe_v according_a to_o the_o former_a institution_n 3_o for_o that_o the_o say_v ancient_a custom_n or_o maxim_n thereof_o be_v inexpugnable_a and_o do_v stand_v of_o their_o own_o authority_n as_o principle_n which_o need_v no_o reason_n to_o confirm_v their_o authority_n as_o the_o law_n of_o solon_n draco_n carondas_n lycurgus_n numa_n pompilius_n and_o the_o law_n of_o twelve_o table_n etc._n etc._n 4_o because_o all_o difference_n and_o controversy_n which_o happen_v between_o the_o king_n and_o his_o subject_n be_v try_v and_o determine_v by_o the_o law_n and_o if_o it_o be_v do_v in_o parliament_n or_o by_o the_o judge_n it_o be_v still_o according_a to_o the_o law_n 5_o because_o the_o king_n personal_o give_v not_o any_o judgement_n especial_o when_o himself_o be_v a_o party_n see_v it_o be_v against_o the_o law_n of_o nature_n to_o be_v both_o judge_n and_o party_n 6_o for_o that_o notwithstanding_o the_o decease_n of_o the_o king_n of_o england_n from_o time_n to_o time_n the_o judge_n of_o the_o court_n of_o record_n that_o be_v to_o say_v of_o the_o chancery_n of_o the_o king_n bench_n of_o the_o common_a plea_n which_o do_v sit_v as_o judge_n by_o the_o king_n letter_n patent_n do_v remain_v authorise_v and_o their_o power_n end_v not_o immediate_o with_o the_o king_n howbeit_o the_o succeed_a king_n do_v confirm_v they_o in_o their_o office_n whereby_o all_o sedition_n be_v prevent_v during_o the_o inter_fw-la regnum_fw-la 7_o for_o that_o with_o indifferency_n without_o regard_n of_o person_n it_o command_v as_o well_o the_o nobility_n and_o other_o person_n of_o dignity_n by_o way_n of_o utlagare_o or_o outlaw_n as_o the_o mean_a subject_n 8_o for_o exercise_v a_o power_n over_o the_o judge_n which_o be_v not_o to_o judge_v of_o the_o law_n but_o by_o the_o law_n and_o therefore_o be_v the_o word_n judicium_fw-la properly_z attribute_v to_o their_o determination_n even_o as_o the_o word_n decretum_fw-la be_v understand_v of_o the_o ordinance_n or_o sentence_n of_o the_o magistrate_n follow_v equity_n as_o it_o be_v without_o law_n for_o there_o be_v the_o like_a proportion_n between_o the_o law_n and_o the_o execution_n thereof_o call_v legis_fw-la actio_fw-la as_o there_o be_v between_o equity_n and_o the_o duty_n of_o a_o magistrate_n call_v judicis_fw-la officium_fw-la 9_o for_o that_o the_o officer_n thereof_o be_v authorise_v according_a to_o the_o quality_n and_o due_a execution_n of_o it_o by_o a_o proportionable_a distribution_n namely_o the_o judge_n for_o term_n of_o life_n and_o officer_n subaltern_a change_v from_o year_n to_o year_n to_o the_o end_n the_o administration_n of_o justice_n may_v be_v more_o indifferent_a 10_o for_o the_o diversity_n of_o the_o trial_n thereof_o in_o several_a court_n according_a to_o law_n and_o equity_n be_v the_o cause_n of_o a_o agree_v and_o most_o necessary_a discord_n as_o it_o be_v concordi_fw-la discordia_fw-la whereby_o the_o body_n of_o justice_n be_v support_v by_o strive_v as_o the_o stone_n uphold_v a_o vault_n as_o cato_n say_v 11_o for_o that_o the_o judge_n in_o criminal_a cause_n do_v change_v from_o time_n to_o time_n their_o circuit_n and_o inferior_a judge_n of_o the_o court_n do_v execute_v the_o place_n as_o well_o as_o superior_a judge_n whereby_o partiality_n be_v prevent_v 12_o for_o that_o the_o law_n tend_v most_o careful_o for_o the_o good_a and_o preservation_n of_o life_n and_o good_n of_o every_o good_a and_o honest_a man_n see_v that_o even_o in_o criminal_a cause_n it_o have_v provide_v as_o much_o as_o may_v stand_v with_o justice_n a_o help_n and_o favour_n permit_v the_o judge_n to_o order_v the_o plead_n of_o offender_n and_o to_o instruct_v they_o to_o avoid_v mispleading_a and_o give_v they_o leave_v to_o except_v against_o the_o juror_n which_o they_o dislike_v 13_o for_o that_o it_o do_v forbid_v the_o sale_n of_o office_n thereby_o intend_v due_a administration_n of_o justice_n for_o where_o office_n be_v sell_v as_o it_o be_v by_o the_o great_a there_o justice_n be_v common_o sell_v by_o
salt_n francis_n the_o first_o make_v the_o same_o perpetual_a as_o the_o domaine_v of_o the_o crown_n and_o all_o man_n be_v compel_v to_o buy_v it_o at_o the_o magazine_n upon_o pain_n of_o punishment_n this_o impost_n be_v let_v to_o farm_n for_o two_o million_o of_o crown_n or_o six_o hundred_o thousand_o pound_n sterling_a yearly_a the_o right_a of_o the_o sea_n belong_v to_o the_o king_n and_o he_o may_v lay_v imposition_n thirty_o league_n from_o the_o land_n into_o the_o sea_n if_o no_o other_o sovereign_a prince_n be_v not_o within_o that_o precinct_n there_o be_v eight_o court_n of_o parliament_n in_o france_n and_o eight_o chamber_n of_o account_n at_o paris_n erect_v 1302_o by_o philip_n le_fw-fr bell._n at_o paris_n parlement_n court_n of_o parlement_n at_o tholouze_n also_o and_o confirm_v by_o charles_n the_o 7._o in_o britain_n at_o grenoble_n 1453_o by_o lewis_n the_o 11._o at_o dion_n account_n court_n of_o account_n at_o bourdeaux_n 1462_o by_o lewis_n the_o 11._o at_o monpellier_n at_o aix_n 1501_o by_o lewis_n the_o 12._o in_o dolphin_n at_o dion_n 1476_o by_o lewis_n the_o 11_o for_o burgundy_n in_o provence_n at_o rouen_n 1449_o by_o lewis_n the_o 12_o for_o normandy_n at_o blois_n at_o rheame_n 1553_o by_o h._n the_o 2_o for_o britainie_n at_o rouen_n of_o the_o salic_a law_n of_o france_n it_o be_v a_o usual_a receive_a opinion_n that_o pharamont_n be_v the_o author_n of_o this_o law_n other_o think_v it_o be_v so_o call_v of_o the_o gaul_n that_o be_v call_v salie_n among_o who_o that_o law_n be_v establish_v for_o the_o ancient_a gaul_n term_v all_o their_o law_n either_o ripuarie_n or_o salic_a and_o in_o the_o time_n of_o charlemagne_n they_o be_v call_v salique_n nevertheless_o it_o be_v think_v to_o have_v be_v invent_v of_o latter_a time_n as_o by_o philip_n le_fw-fr long_n to_o frustrate_v the_o daughter_n of_o lewis_n huttin_n or_o else_o to_o have_v have_v the_o first_o strength_n from_o a_o usual_a custom_n of_o all_o barbarian_n which_o be_v never_o to_o suffer_v the_o female_n to_o inherit_v the_o crown_n and_o so_o be_v begin_v in_o the_o first_o and_o second_o line_n of_o the_o king_n it_o have_v continue_v in_o the_o three_o and_o by_o custom_n it_o be_v rather_o confirm_v than_o to_o be_v prove_v to_o be_v a_o law_n at_o any_o time_n ordain_v have_v be_v little_a account_n make_v thereof_o until_o the_o controversy_n between_o philip_n le_fw-fr long_n and_o end_v duke_n of_o burgundy_n who_o claim_v it_o for_o his_o niece_n jane_n daughter_n to_o lewis_n huttin_n and_o philip_n de_fw-fr valois_n with_o edward_n king_n of_o england_n the_o book_n of_o the_o salic_a law_n be_v but_o a_o collection_n howbeit_o there_o be_v no_o example_n ever_o hear_v of_o that_o any_o woman_n govern_v of_o the_o law_n of_o the_o high_a and_o low_a germany_n concur_v with_o the_o civil_a law_n and_o the_o court_n of_o equity_n in_o substance_n the_o court_n of_o equity_n beyond_o the_o sea_n after_o bill_n and_o answer_v replication_n and_o rejoinder_n and_o sometime_o duplication_n and_o at_o last_o conclusion_n with_o the_o examination_n of_o witness_n in_o serious_a manner_n the_o whole_a proceed_n be_v deliver_v to_o certain_a doctor_n or_o learned_a man_n which_o be_v as_o master_n of_o the_o chancery_n or_o belong_v to_o certain_a university_n to_o be_v abreviate_v which_o be_v call_v ad_fw-la rotulandum_fw-la who_o do_v cut_v off_o all_o superfluous_a thing_n which_o upon_o the_o matter_n be_v confess_v on_o both_o side_n process_n to_o abreviate_v long_a process_n or_o be_v not_o material_a to_o the_o state_n of_o the_o cause_n to_o bring_v the_o difference_n between_o the_o party_n to_o certain_a point_n or_o head_n whereupon_o the_o say_a party_n with_o the_o advice_n of_o the_o advocate_n or_o learned_a counsel_n do_v dispute_n and_o debate_v the_o say_a difference_n to_o bring_v they_o as_o it_o be_v ripe_a and_o perfect_v before_o the_o judge_n for_o if_o the_o defendant_n will_v take_v covert_o any_o exception_n against_o the_o judge_n of_o that_o jurisdiction_n he_o may_v have_v the_o whole_a process_n make_v up_o in_o the_o name_n of_o a.b._n and_o c.d._n as_o it_o be_v complainant_a and_o defendant_n without_o name_v either_o of_o the_o party_n and_o the_o same_o to_o be_v send_v under_o the_o town_n seal_v unto_o doctor_n or_o other_o learned_a man_n of_o university_n elect_v thereunto_o in_o other_o jurisdiction_n which_o do_v give_v their_o sentence_n or_o judgement_n thereupon_o and_o return_v the_o same_o back_n again_o under_o seal_n before_o the_o judge_n where_o the_o cause_n be_v depend_v who_o call_v both_o party_n before_o he_o demand_v of_o they_o whether_o he_o shall_v open_v the_o process_n and_o whether_o they_o will_v stand_v to_o the_o judgement_n therein_o contain_v and_o if_o the_o complainant_n descend_v thereunto_o then_o be_v the_o defendant_n thereby_o conclude_v see_v he_o have_v his_o choice_n and_o do_v in_o a_o manner_n appeal_v from_o the_o judge_n whereupon_o execution_n be_v present_o have_v and_o matter_n be_v end_v with_o expedition_n by_o the_o premise_n we_o may_v observe_v how_o other_o law_n be_v variable_a and_o subject_a to_o alteration_n and_o that_o the_o law-merchant_n be_v constant_a and_o permanent_a in_o her_o custom_n which_o therefore_o be_v not_o to_o be_v infringe_v but_o serious_o to_o be_v maintain_v by_o all_o the_o four_o precedent_a mean_n or_o some_o select_a course_n of_o execution_n to_o be_v devise_v concur_v with_o the_o same_o for_o the_o better_a furtherance_n whereof_o and_o more_o exact_a explanation_n by_o contrary_n i_o have_v for_o a_o corrollarie_n of_o this_o work_n add_v hereunto_o three_o paradox_n allude_v to_o the_o say_v three_o essential_a part_n of_o traffic_n which_o will_v illustrate_v the_o most_o material_a consideration_n to_o be_v have_v in_o the_o course_n of_o traffic_n and_o trade_n chap._n xviii_o three_o paradox_n allude_v to_o the_o three_o essential_a part_n of_o traffic_n have_v heretofore_o publish_v a_o treatise_n entitle_v england_n view_n in_o the_o unmask_n of_o two_o paradox_n which_o have_v be_v present_v unto_o the_o french_a king_n henry_n the_o four_o as_o a_o matter_n of_o great_a consequence_n and_o considerable_a in_o the_o government_n of_o commonweal_n and_o find_v that_o the_o true_a understanding_n of_o they_o with_o a_o three_o paradox_n observe_v by_o i_o do_v proper_o allude_v to_o the_o content_n of_o this_o book_n or_o the_o three_o essential_a part_n of_o traffic_n namely_o commodity_n money_n and_o exchange_n for_o money_n i_o do_v resolve_v to_o handle_v the_o substance_n of_o they_o for_o a_o corrollarie_n of_o the_o same_o be_v paradox_n what_o it_o be_v the_o rather_o because_o paradox_n be_v thing_n contrary_a to_o the_o vulgar_a opinion_n and_o will_v also_o make_v all_o the_o premise_n more_o manifest_a and_o apparent_a by_o their_o conclusion_n the_o say_v two_o paradox_n present_v by_o monsieur_n malestroit_n one_o of_o the_o officer_n of_o the_o finance_n or_o treasury_n in_o france_n be_v as_o follow_v say_v 1_o that_o to_o complain_v of_o the_o general_a dearth_n of_o all_o thing_n in_o france_n be_v without_o cause_n commodity_n commodity_n for_o there_o be_v nothing_o grow_v dear_a these_o three_o hundred_o year_n 2_o that_o there_o be_v much_o to_o be_v lose_v upon_o a_o crown_n and_o money_n and_o or_o any_o other_o money_n of_o gold_n and_o silver_n albeit_o one_o do_v give_v the_o same_o in_o payment_n at_o the_o price_n he_o do_v receive_v the_o same_o the_o three_o paradox_n which_o i_o have_v add_v hereunto_o be_v 3_o that_o the_o imaginary_a money_n suppose_v in_o exchange_n for_o money_n exchange_n exchange_n make_v by_o bill_n of_o exchange_n do_v over-rule_v the_o course_n and_o property_n of_o real_a and_o substantial_a money_n in_o specie_fw-la mounseur_fw-fr malestroit_n say_v that_o since_o the_o ancient_a permutation_n have_v be_v change_v in_o buy_v and_o sell_v and_o that_o the_o first_o riches_n of_o man_n which_o consist_v of_o cattle_n be_v transfer_v to_o the_o gold_n and_o silver_n whereby_o all_o thing_n have_v receive_v their_o estimation_n dearth_n gold_n and_o silver_n be_v the_o judge_n of_o good_a cheap_a or_o dearth_n it_o follow_v that_o those_o metal_n be_v the_o right_a judge_n of_o good_a cheap_a or_o dearth_n of_o all_o thing_n we_o can_v say_v that_o any_o thing_n be_v dear_a than_o it_o be_v three_o hundred_o year_n ago_o unless_o that_o for_o the_o buy_v thereof_o we_o must_v now_o give_v more_o gold_n and_o silver_n than_o we_o do_v then_o but_o for_o the_o buy_n of_o all_o thing_n we_o do_v not_o give_v now_o more_o gold_n or_o silver_n than_o we_o do_v then_o therefore_o say_v he_o nothing_o be_v grow_v dear_a in_o france_n since_o that_o time_n to_o prove_v this_o he_o do_v allege_v that_o during_o the_o reign_n of_o