injury_n offer_v to_o humane_a nature_n 1._o lib._n 1._o romulus_n in_o livy_n make_v it_o his_o request_n to_o his_o neighbour_n that_o they_o will_v not_o disdain_v by_o interchangable_a marriage_n to_o mix_v generation_n with_o they_o and_o canuleius_n in_o the_o same_o author_n plead_v thus_o we_o say_v he_o require_v but_o lawful_a wedlock_n which_o to_o neighbour_n nation_n and_o foreigner_n be_v usual_o grant_v what_o be_v unjust_o deny_v 17._o de_fw-fr civit._fw-la dei_fw-la lib._n 2._o c._n 17._o may_v by_o the_o right_n of_o war_n be_v just_o take_v say_v aug._n now_o whereas_o the_o civil_a law_n of_o some_o people_n do_v careful_o provide_v against_o such_o marriage_n they_o seem_v to_o be_v ground_v upon_o this_o reason_n because_o in_o the_o time_n when_o those_o law_n be_v make_v there_o be_v hardly_o any_o nation_n or_o people_n but_o be_v sufficient_o store_v with_o woman_n or_o that_o those_o law_n be_v not_o intend_v to_o interdict_v all_o such_o marriage_n but_o such_o only_a as_o be_v legitimate_a or_o just_a that_o be_v which_o shall_v produce_v some_o special_a effect_n of_o a_o civil_a right_n xxii_o a_o right_a to_o do_v such_o act_n as_o be_v permit_v to_o all_o stranger_n among_o such_o act_n whereunto_o a_o right_a in_o common_a be_v give_v by_o supposition_n we_o be_v to_o reckon_v those_o which_o a_o prince_n or_o people_n do_v promiscuous_o permit_v to_o all_o stranger_n for_o that_o nation_n be_v injure_v which_o be_v exclude_v thus_o if_o it_o be_v permit_v in_o any_o place_n for_o stranger_n to_o hunt_n fish_n hawk_n gather_v pearl_n if_o it_o be_v allow_v they_o to_o receive_v legacy_n to_o sell_v commodity_n if_o even_o where_o there_o be_v no_o scarcity_n of_o woman_n to_o contract_v marriage_n these_o can_v be_v deny_v to_o any_o one_o people_n unless_o they_o have_v some_o way_n abuse_v their_o liberty_n for_o which_o cause_n it_o be_v 20._o judg._n 20._o that_o the_o rest_n of_o the_o hebrew_n deny_v to_o intermarry_a with_o the_o benjamite_n xxiii_o i_o mean_v such_o as_o be_v permit_v by_o the_o right_n of_o nature_n not_o out_o of_o grace_n and_o favour_n but_o this_o be_v to_o be_v understand_v of_o such_o act_n only_o as_o be_v permit_v as_o it_o be_v by_o virtue_n of_o that_o liberty_n which_o nature_n give_v be_v restrain_v or_o take_v away_o by_o no_o law_n but_o not_o of_o such_o as_o be_v indulge_v to_o any_o nation_n as_o act_n of_o grace_n dispense_n with_o the_o law_n for_o to_o deny_v a_o courtesy_n be_v no_o injury_n xxiv_o whether_o to_o engross_v all_o the_o fruit_n of_o one_o kind_n be_v lawful_a another_o question_n be_v frequent_o start_v which_o be_v this_o whether_o it_o be_v lawful_a for_o one_o nation_n to_o contract_n with_o another_o for_o all_o their_o fruit_n of_o such_o a_o kind_n which_o be_v not_o where_o else_o to_o be_v find_v so_o that_o they_o shall_v sell_v none_o to_o any_o other_o nation_n this_o in_o my_o opinion_n may_v be_v lawful_a if_o that_o people_n that_o shall_v so_o buy_v they_o be_v willing_a to_o communicate_v to_o other_o at_o a_o reasonable_a price_n for_o it_o concern_v not_o other_o nation_n much_o by_o who_o they_o be_v supply_v with_o their_o natural_a want_n so_o as_o they_o be_v supply_v and_o it_o be_v lawful_a for_o any_o to_o anticipate_v other_o in_o matter_n of_o profit_n especial_o if_o there_o be_v any_o special_a cause_n for_o it_o as_o in_o case_n the_o people_n make_v this_o contract_n shall_v undertake_v the_o protection_n of_o the_o other_o people_n and_o shall_v for_o that_o cause_n be_v at_o some_o expense_n or_o charge_n for_o such_o a_o engross_a make_v with_o such_o a_o intent_n as_o i_o have_v say_v be_v no_o way_n repugnant_a to_o the_o natural_a right_n although_o it_o be_v sometime_o prohibit_v by_o the_o civil_a law_n for_o the_o benefit_n of_o the_o commonwealth_n chap._n iii_o of_o the_o original_a acquisition_n of_o thing_n where_o also_o of_o the_o sea_n and_o of_o river_n i._o that_o thing_n be_v original_o acquire_v either_o by_o division_n or_o occupancy_n ii_o other_o way_n refute_v as_o the_o concession_n of_o right_n incorporeal_a iii_o as_o that_o also_o of_o specification_n iv_o occupancy_n twofold_n either_o of_o empire_n or_o of_o dominion_n this_o explain_v v._o that_o the_o right_n of_o occupancy_n as_o to_o thing_n movable_a may_v by_o law_n be_v prevent_v vi_o the_o dominion_n of_o infant_n and_o madman_n by_o what_o right_o hold_v vii_o that_o river_n may_v be_v acquire_v by_o occupancy_n viii_o whether_o the_o sea_n also_o may_v be_v so_o ix_o ancient_o in_o some_o part_n of_o the_o roman_a empire_n that_o be_v not_o lawful_a x._o but_o as_o to_o such_o part_n of_o the_o sea_n as_o be_v include_v by_o land_n on_o each_o side_n the_o law_n of_o nature_n do_v not_o impugn_v it_o xi_o how_o such_o a_o right_n of_o occupancy_n may_v be_v make_v and_o how_o long_o it_o last_v xii_o that_o such_o a_o occupancy_n give_v no_o right_a to_o impede_fw-la a_o innocent_a passage_n of_o ship_n upon_o they_o xiii_o that_o empire_n over_o some_o part_n of_o the_o sea_n may_v be_v gain_v by_o occupancy_n and_o how_o fourteen_o that_o toll_n for_o certain_a cause_n may_v be_v impose_v on_o such_o as_o traffic_v by_o sea_n xv._o of_o agreement_n which_o forbid_v some_o people_n to_o sail_v beyond_o certain_a bound_n xvi_o a_o river_n change_v its_o course_n whether_o it_o change_v the_o bound_n of_o the_o territory_n explain_v by_o a_o distinction_n xvii_o what_o be_v to_o be_v determine_v in_o case_n a_o river_n do_v manifest_o change_v its_o course_n xviii_o that_o the_o whole_a river_n do_v sometime_o pass_v with_o the_o territory_n xix_o that_o thing_n clear_o desert_v become_v the_o next_o occupant_n unless_o the_o propriety_n be_v hold_v in_o general_a by_o some_o prince_n or_o people_n i._o how_o thing_n become_v we_o original_o thing_n may_v become_v we_o by_o a_o particular_a right_n either_o by_o a_o originary_a or_o by_o a_o derivative_a acquisition_n originary_a acquisition_n when_o man_n begin_v first_o to_o associate_v together_o may_v also_o arise_v by_o division_n as_o we_o have_v say_v but_o now_o by_o occupancy_n only_o ii_o other_o mean_n refute_v but_o some_o man_n may_v haply_o say_v that_o somewhat_o of_o originary_a right_n may_v also_o be_v acquire_v by_o some_o service_n do_v or_o by_o reason_n of_o some_o pledge_n etc._n etc._n but_o to_o he_o that_o thorough_o weigh_v the_o matter_n it_o will_v appear_v that_o this_o be_v no_o new_a right_o unless_o it_o be_v in_o respect_n of_o the_o manner_n for_o it_o be_v first_o virtual_o in_o the_o dominion_n of_o the_o lord_n iii_o paulus_n the_o lawyer_n to_o the_o cause_n of_o acquisition_n add_v this_o which_o indeed_o seem_v most_o natural_a if_o we_o ourselves_o have_v give_v be_v to_o that_o which_o we_o claim_v as_o we_o but_o since_o nothing_o can_v natural_o be_v make_v without_o some_o pre-existing_a matter_n now_o if_o that_o be_v we_o the_o species_n be_v introduce_v the_o dominion_n will_v be_v continue_v but_o if_o the_o matter_n pre-existing_a belong_v to_o none_o then_o shall_v the_o right_o be_v acquire_v by_o a_o kind_n of_o occupancy_n but_o if_o it_o it_o belong_v to_o another_o then_o that_o the_o right_n of_o propriety_n descend_v not_o natural_o unto_o we_o alone_o will_v appear_v by_o what_o follow_v iv_o occupancy_n twofold_n of_o empire_n or_o dominion_n now_o let_v we_o examine_v whether_o that_o occupancy_n which_o after_o those_o first_o time_n be_v the_o only_a natural_a mean_n of_o gain_v propriety_n be_v also_o the_o originary_a of_o thing_n that_o proper_o belong_v to_o none_o two_o thing_n be_v subject_a to_o be_v hold_v in_o propriety_n namely_o empire_n and_o dominion_n as_o it_o be_v distinguish_v from_o empire_n which_o seneca_n thus_o difference_v ad_fw-la reges_fw-la potestas_fw-la omnium_fw-la pertinet_fw-la ad_fw-la singulos_fw-la proprietas_fw-la to_o king_n appertain_v the_o sovereignty_n over_o all_o to_o private_a man_n the_o propriety_n or_o dominion_n of_o what_o be_v they_o 5._o ch._n 5._o and_o a_o little_a after_o rex_fw-la omne_fw-la imperio_fw-la possidet_fw-la singuli_fw-la dominio_fw-la king_n hold_v all_o by_o their_o sovereignty_n and_o private_a man_n what_o be_v they_o by_o dominion_n and_o again_o caesar_n omne_fw-la habet_fw-la fiscus_n autem_fw-la privata_fw-la tantum_fw-la &_o sva_fw-la caesar_n have_v all_o yet_o be_v his_o exchequer_n private_a only_o 54._o lib._n 10._o ep._n 54._o and_o his_o own_o so_o symmachus_n concern_v king_n you_o rule_v all_o but_o preserve_v to_o every_o one_o his_o own_o of_o the_o same_o mind_n be_v dion_n prusaensis_n regio_fw-la civitatis_fw-la est_fw-la at_o non_fw-la eo_fw-la minus_fw-la in_o ea_fw-la suum_fw-la cuique_fw-la possidet_fw-la the_o whole_a country_n be_v under_o the_o command_n of_o the_o city_n yet_o in_o it_o every_o
petty_a fault_n with_o rod_n of_o wire_n whereunto_o we_o may_v add_v that_o of_o cicero_n to_o brutus_n 1._o see_v to_o this_o purpose_n the_o speech_n of_o the_o melanois_n in_o guicc_n lib._n 17._o vid._n sup_v sect._n 11._o &_o lib._n 3._o c._n 11._o sect_n 1._o there_o be_v say_v he_o a_o moderation_n to_o be_v use_v as_o well_o in_o punish_v as_o in_o other_o thing_n and_o therefore_o papinianus_n call_v punishment_n the_o valuation_n of_o a_o crime_n and_o 2._o and_o leuct_v 2._o aristides_n say_v that_o it_o be_v agreeable_a to_o humane_a nature_n that_o there_o shall_v be_v bound_n prescribe_v beyond_o which_o revenge_n shall_v never_o stray_v in_o imitation_n of_o god_n himself_o who_o when_o he_o proceed_v to_o judgement_n be_v say_v to_o lay_v judgement_n to_o the_o rule_n and_o righteousness_n to_o the_o balance_n as_o if_o he_o will_v retale_v it_o as_o it_o be_v by_o weight_n and_o measure_n but_o demosthenes_n in_o his_o epistle_n for_o lycurgus_n child_n do_v not_o approve_v of_o such_o a_o equality_n as_o be_v bare_o in_o weight_n and_o measure_n but_o with_o respect_n have_v to_o the_o purpose_n and_o intent_n of_o the_o delinquent_n and_o then_o he_o conclude_v that_o within_o the_o bound_n of_o merit_n all_o sin_n may_v be_v punish_v more_o or_o less_o so_o far_o forth_o as_o the_o punishment_n shall_v be_v think_v profitable_a xxix_o the_o impulsive_a cause_n of_o sin_n be_v to_o be_v respect_v and_o compare_v together_o in_o the_o merit_n of_o the_o crime_n three_o thing_n be_v to_o be_v examine_v first_o the_o cause_n that_o do_v provoke_v second_o the_o cause_n which_o ought_v to_o have_v restrain_v and_o three_o the_o fitness_n and_o capacity_n of_o the_o person_n to_o either_o as_o to_o the_o first_o of_o these_o there_o be_v doubtless_o some_o cause_n that_o move_v every_o man_n to_o evil_n there_o be_v hardly_o any_o man_n wicked_a but_o for_o some_o end_n or_o if_o there_o be_v any_o man_n that_o love_v wickedness_n for_o wickedness_n sake_n only_o sure_o he_o be_v not_o so_o proper_o a._n man_n as_o a_o devil_n the_o great_a part_n of_o mankind_n be_v lead_v unto_o sin_n by_o their_o affection_n 1.15_o jam_fw-la 1.15_o so_o say_v st._n james_n lust_n conceive_v and_o bring_v forth_o sin_n where_o under_o this_o notion_n lust_n or_o appetite_n i_o comprehend_v also_o that_o vehement_a desire_n of_o decline_v every_o thing_n that_o may_v hurt_v we_o which_o of_o all_o other_o be_v the_o most_o natural_a and_o so_o the_o most_o innocent_a ofttime_n a_o man_n be_v almost_o enforce_v upon_o a_o sin_n to_o avoid_v some_o present_a danger_n as_o when_o to_o avoid_v death_n imprisonment_n torment_n or_o extreme_a poverty_n he_o do_v some_o act_n of_o violence_n or_o injustice_n and_o then_o the_o fear_n of_o the_o evil_a that_o pursue_v he_o seem_v to_o render_v his_o sin_n the_o more_o excusable_a whereupon_o demosthenes_n infer_v that_o if_o a_o rich_a man_n be_v unjust_a he_o deserve_v double_o to_o be_v punish_v in_o respect_n of_o what_o he_o suffer_v for_o the_o like_a sin_n who_o be_v oppress_v with_o poverty_n for_o before_o such_o judge_n as_o have_v any_o sentiment_n of_o humanity_n the_o poor_a man_n necessity_n plead_v strong_o for_o pardon_n whereas_o they_o who_o surfeit_v with_o abundance_n sin_n mere_o out_o of_o wantonness_n can_v have_v no_o excuse_n at_o all_o for_o their_o wickedness_n thus_o do_v polybius_n excuse_v the_o acarnanae_n that_o to_o avoid_v that_o imminent_a danger_n that_o threaten_v they_o be_v enforce_v to_o break_v the_o article_n of_o their_o league_n with_o the_o grecian_n against_o the_o aetolian_n the_o more_o vehement_a the_o temptation_n be_v the_o more_o pardonable_a be_v the_o crime_n a_o woman_n of_o smyrna_n as_o gellius_n tell_v the_o story_n 17._o gell._n l._n 12._o c._n 17._o be_v convent_v before_o cn._n dolabella_n the_o proconsul_n of_o asia_n for_o poison_v her_o husband_n and_o his_o son_n at_o the_o same_o time_n the_o fact_n she_o confess_v allege_v that_o she_o have_v good_a cause_n so_o to_o do_v because_o her_o husband_n and_o his_o son_n have_v betray_v and_o murder_v she_o own_o son_n by_o a_o former_a husband_n be_v a_o young_a man_n innocent_a and_o of_o singular_a hope_n which_o fact_n be_v so_o clear_a that_o it_o can_v not_o be_v deny_v dolabella_n call_v a_o council_n but_o none_o dare_v pass_v sentence_n in_o so_o doubtful_a a_o case_n for_o the_o woman_n fact_n be_v confess_v they_o think_v ought_v not_o to_o go_v unpunished_a and_o yet_o the_o revenge_n she_o take_v for_o the_o murder_n of_o her_o son_n appear_v to_o be_v but_o just_a in_o conclusion_n dolabella_n send_v she_o to_o athens_n to_o be_v judge_v by_o the_o areopagite_n as_o be_v the_o most_o know_a and_o experience_a judge_n of_o that_o age_n who_o upon_o a_o full_a hear_n of_o the_o cause_n adjourn_v the_o determination_n of_o it_o for_o a_o hundred_o year_n by_o which_o mean_n they_o neither_o acquit_v the_o woman_n of_o her_o crime_n against_o the_o law_n nor_o condemn_v she_o though_o guilty_a because_o the_o violence_n of_o the_o temptation_n plead_v for_o pardon_n the_o less_o of_o provocation_n a_o man_n have_v to_o do_v evil_a the_o great_a be_v his_o sin_n whence_o aristotle_n infer_v that_o the_o sin_n of_o incontinence_n be_v great_a than_o that_o commit_v through_o fear_n because_o it_o be_v more_o voluntary_a for_o what_o a_o man_n do_v out_o of_o fear_n be_v to_o preserve_v himself_o from_o destruction_n and_o in_o such_o a_o case_n there_o be_v a_o force_n upon_o the_o will_n 32._o see_v prov._n 6.30_o 31_o 32._o but_o lust_n be_v conceive_v within_o we_o and_o therefore_o have_v the_o more_o of_o evil_n because_o it_o have_v a_o large_a share_n of_o the_o will_n with_o who_o accord_v philo_n upon_o the_o decalogue_n all_o other_o vehement_a perturbation_n of_o the_o mind_n be_v occasion_v by_o the_o assault_n of_o some_o outward_a temptation_n which_o seem_v to_o happen_v against_o our_o will_n only_o our_o lust_n because_o they_o be_v conceive_v within_o we_o can_v be_v impute_v to_o none_o but_o ourselves_o all_o sin_n say_v chrysostome_n merit_v not_o the_o same_o punishment_n but_o those_o deserve_v the_o great_a which_o may_v easy_a be_v resist_v hence_o it_o be_v that_o in_o another_o place_n he_o infer_v that_o the_o slanderer_n be_v a_o great_a sinner_n than_o a_o fornicator_n a_o thief_n or_o a_o homicide_n because_o these_o may_v have_v vehement_a temptation_n but_o the_o slanderer_n none_o but_o his_o own_o will._n man_n do_v not_o despise_v a_o thief_n if_o he_o steal_v to_o satisfy_v his_o own_o soul_n when_o he_o be_v hungry_a but_o he_o that_o commit_v adultery_n with_o a_o woman_n lack_v understanding_n he_o that_o do_v it_o destroy_v his_o own_o soul_n prov._n 6.30_o 32._o all_o other_o appetite_n do_v tend_v to_o some_o good_a either_o real_a or_o imaginary_a those_o thing_n that_o be_v real_o good_a beside_o virtue_n and_o their_o action_n which_o can_v entice_v unto_o sin_n be_v always_o at_o peace_n among_o themselves_o be_v either_o delectable_a as_o pleasure_n or_o such_o as_o be_v desirable_a in_o order_n to_o thing_n that_o be_v delectable_a which_o we_o call_v thing_n profitable_a as_o abundance_n of_o all_o outward_a enjoyment_n those_o that_o be_v imaginary_a only_o and_o not_o real_o good_a be_v either_o the_o excellency_n that_o we_o think_v we_o have_v above_o other_o as_o it_o be_v separate_v from_o virtue_n and_o profit_n or_o revenge_n both_o which_o the_o more_o devious_a from_o nature_n they_o be_v the_o worse_o they_o be_v naturalia_fw-la desideria_fw-la finita_fw-la sunt_fw-la ex_fw-la falsa_fw-la opinion_n nascentia_fw-la ubi_fw-la desinant_fw-la non_fw-la habent_fw-la our_o natural_a want_n say_v seneca_n be_v easy_o sum_v up_o but_o those_o that_o be_v ground_v upon_o a_o false_a opinion_n be_v infinite_a st_n john_n collect_v all_o the_o provocation_n to_o sin_n under_o these_o three_o head_n 2.16_o 1_o joh._n 2.16_o the_o lust_n of_o the_o flesh_n the_o lust_n of_o the_o eye_n or_o the_o pride_n of_o life_n the_o first_o whereof_o comprehend_v the_o desire_n of_o pleasure_n the_o second_o of_o profit_n the_o three_o of_o vainglory_n and_o anger_n and_o philo_n in_o his_o exposition_n of_o the_o decalogue_n derive_v all_o that_o be_v evil_a from_o the_o desire_n either_o of_o riches_n honour_n or_o pleasure_n 6._o lib._n 6._o and_o lactantius_n describe_v the_o office_n of_o virtue_n to_o consist_v in_o the_o suppression_n of_o our_o anger_n in_o bridle_v of_o our_o lust_n and_o in_o the_o moderate_n of_o our_o desire_n of_o riches_n for_o say_v he_o almost_o all_o our_o unjust_a and_o wicked_a action_n do_v arise_v from_o one_o of_o these_o affection_n which_o elsewhere_o he_o repeat_v xxx_o the_o cause_n restrain_v from_o sin_n the_o general_a cause_n that_o shall_v restrain_v we_o from_o
of_o israel_n 138._o quaest_n ad_fw-la orthod_n 138._o and_o have_v absolute_a power_n over_o their_o life_n take_v they_o away_o by_o the_o pestilence_n thereby_o punish_v both_o prince_n and_o people_n for_o as_o a_o good_a christian_a author_n say_v well_o king_n be_v never_o more_o severe_o punish_v than_o when_o they_o be_v punish_v in_o their_o subject_n and_o this_o be_v as_o just_a with_o god_n as_o it_o be_v with_o man_n ordinary_o to_o be_v whip_v on_o the_o back_n for_o a_o offence_n commit_v by_o the_o hand_n or_o as_o it_o be_v with_o a_o physician_n to_o burn_v a_o man_n on_o the_o great_a toe_n to_o cure_v he_o of_o a_o pain_n in_o the_o hip_n as_o plutarch_n make_v the_o comparison_n but_o why_o this_o be_v not_o lawful_a for_o man_n we_o have_v already_o show_v xviii_o nor_n dissenter_n for_o the_o sin_n of_o the_o major_a part_n the_o self_n same_o may_v be_v say_v of_o the_o punishment_n of_o such_o particular_a person_n in_o those_o thing_n which_o be_v proper_o their_o own_o as_o do_v not_o consent_v unto_o those_o injury_n that_o be_v commit_v by_o the_o generality_n of_o the_o people_n xix_o the_o heir_n not_o oblige_v to_o his_o father_n punishment_n as_o such_o and_o why_o but_o why_o the_o heir_n that_o be_v obnoxious_a to_o other_o debt_n be_v not_o oblige_v to_o this_o of_o punishment_n the_o true_a cause_n be_v because_o the_o heir_n represent_v the_o person_n of_o the_o decease_a not_o in_o merit_n which_o be_v mere_o personal_a but_o in_o his_o good_n whereunto_o that_o those_o also_o that_o be_v owe_v unto_o any_o man_n by_o reason_n of_o the_o very_a inequality_n of_o thing_n shall_v cohere_v be_v at_o the_o first_o by_o a_o general_a consent_n introduce_v with_o dominion_n itself_o rhodiana_n orat._n rhodiana_n for_o as_o dion_n prusiensis_fw-la observe_v whatsoever_o be_v owe_v by_o the_o father_n be_v no_o less_o due_a from_o his_o posterity_n neither_o can_v you_o just_o charge_v it_o upon_o we_o that_o we_o have_v renounce_v our_o inheritance_n so_o likewise_o cicero_n there_o be_v no_o person_n so_o fit_a to_o succeed_v in_o the_o room_n of_o the_o decease_a as_o the_o right_a heir_n xx._n yet_o he_o be_v if_o that_o punishment_n be_v change_v into_o some_o other_o kind_n of_o debt_n hence_o it_o follow_v that_o if_o beyond_o the_o merit_n there_o appear_v any_o new_a cause_n of_o obligation_n than_o even_o that_o contain_v in_o the_o punishment_n may_v be_v just_o due_a though_o not_o proper_o as_o a_o punishment_n so_o we_o have_v see_v that_o sometime_o after_o the_o sentence_n be_v past_a and_o sometime_o after_o the_o matter_n of_o fact_n be_v sufficient_o prove_v in_o such_o thing_n as_o will_v admit_v of_o a_o composition_n the_o mulct_n or_o pecuniary_a punishment_n shall_v be_v recover_v from_o the_o heir_n as_o even_o that_o also_o which_o be_v draw_v into_o that_o agreement_n because_o there_o now_o appear_v a_o new_a cause_n of_o obligation_n chap._n xxii_o of_o cause_n of_o war_n that_o be_v unjust_a i._o the_o difference_n between_o cause_n that_o be_v just_a and_o such_o as_o be_v suasory_n only_o explain_v ii_o the_o war_n that_o have_v neither_o of_o these_o be_v brutish_a iii_o that_o war_n that_o have_v cause_n suasory_n only_o not_o justify_v be_v predary_n iv_o there_o be_v some_o cause_n which_o seem_v to_o be_v just_a which_o be_v not_o v._o as_o uncertain_a fear_n vi_o profit_n without_o necessity_n vii_o the_o denial_n of_o wife_n where_o there_o be_v plenty_n of_o woman_n viii_o the_o desire_n to_o plant_v in_o a_o better_a soil_n ix_o the_o find_v out_o of_o such_o thing_n as_o be_v preoccupyed_n by_o other_o x._o what_o if_o those_o pre-occupier_n be_v altogether_o mad_a xi_o the_o desire_n of_o liberty_n no_o just_a cause_n in_o such_o as_o be_v subject_n xii_o nor_o the_o desire_n to_o rule_v over_o other_o without_o their_o consent_n though_o for_o their_o good_a xiii_o nor_o the_o title_n of_o be_v universal_a monarch_n which_o some_o have_v give_v to_o the_o emperor_n which_o be_v refute_v fourteen_o which_o other_o give_v to_o the_o church_n which_o be_v also_o refute_v xv._o as_o also_o a_o pretence_n to_o fulfil_v some_o prophecy_n without_o a_o special_a command_n from_o god_n xvi_o as_o also_o a_o pretence_n of_o some_o due_a debt_n though_o not_o in_o strictness_n of_o right_n but_o some_o other_o way_n vii_o the_o difference_n between_o a_o war_n who_o cause_n be_v unjust_a and_o that_o which_o be_v some_o other_o way_n unjust_a and_o the_o divers_a effect_n of_o both_o i._o the_o difference_n between_o the_o true_a and_o the_o pretend_a cause_n of_o war._n of_o the_o cause_n of_o war_n some_o be_v as_o i_o have_v say_v above_o 1._o above_o lib._n 2._o c._n 1._o justify_v some_o suasory_n only_o those_o that_o be_v unjust_a have_v notwithstanding_o always_o some_o specious_a pretence_n or_o other_o to_o make_v the_o war_n to_o appear_v just_a which_o polybius_n call_v 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d the_o other_o he_o call_v 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d or_o the_o true_a cause_n which_o ofttimes_o lie_v couchant_a whilst_o something_o that_o be_v more_o plausible_a be_v expose_v to_o the_o public_a view_n as_o in_o the_o war_n which_o alexander_n make_v against_o darius_n the_o preface_n or_o pretence_n be_v to_o revenge_v some_o wrong_n which_o the_o persian_n have_v long_o before_o do_v unto_o the_o grecian_n but_o the_o true_a cause_n be_v ambition_n and_o a_o vehement_a thirst_n after_o sovereignty_n and_o riches_n which_o also_o be_v very_o much_o heighten_v by_o the_o facility_n of_o the_o enterprise_n which_o he_o collect_v from_o the_o success_n which_o both_o xenophon_n and_o agesilaus_n have_v before_o in_o their_o several_a expedition_n thucydides_n distinguish_v they_o into_o the_o outward_a show_n and_o the_o inward_a truth_n as_o when_o the_o athenian_n make_v war_n against_o sicily_n they_o open_o declare_v that_o it_o be_v only_o to_o aid_v the_o aegestan_n but_o the_o naked_a truth_n be_v to_o gain_v sicily_n to_o themselves_o appian_n also_o have_v the_o very_a same_o expression_n in_o the_o war_n make_v between_o the_o roman_n and_o mithridates_n and_o also_o in_o his_o five_o book_n of_o their_o civil_a war_n where_o speak_v of_o the_o peace_n break_v between_o octavius_n and_o sextus_n pompeius_n he_o say_v that_o there_o be_v some_o cause_n which_o be_v true_a but_o latent_fw-la and_o other_o that_o be_v feign_v and_o pretend_v only_o the_o one_o be_v but_o as_o a_o cloak_n or_o vizard_n the_o other_o be_v the_o real_a purpose_n and_o intention_n it_o be_v true_a what_o procopius_n in_o his_o persian_a war_n say_v 2._o lib._n 2._o stultum_fw-la est_fw-la non_fw-la libere_fw-la loqui_fw-la ubi_fw-la justitia_fw-la dux_fw-la est_fw-la comes_fw-la utilitas_fw-la it_o be_v but_o folly_n to_o dissemble_v where_o justice_n be_v our_o guide_n and_o profit_v our_o companion_n the_o pretence_n of_o the_o second_o punic_a war_n be_v a_o contest_v about_o saguntum_n but_o the_o true_a cause_n be_v the_o secret_a disgust_n which_o the_o carthaginian_n have_v against_o the_o roman_n for_o the_o hard_a condition_n they_o have_v impose_v on_o they_o in_o the_o low_a ebb_n of_o their_o fortune_n and_o the_o great_a confidence_n they_o have_v in_o their_o own_o strength_n upon_o some_o prosperous_a success_n they_o then_o have_v in_o spain_n as_o polybius_n observe_v the_o same_o distinction_n we_o find_v use_v by_o livy_n 7._o liv._o lib._n 7._o in_o the_o oration_n make_v by_o the_o campane_n to_o the_o roman_n concern_v their_o engagement_n against_o the_o samnite_n which_o they_o pretend_v to_o be_v only_o to_o assist_v the_o sedicine_n but_o their_o main_a end_n be_v their_o own_o defence_n because_o they_o foresee_v that_o when_o their_o neighbour_n house_n be_v burn_v the_o fire_n will_v quick_o reach_v they_o so_o when_o antiochus_n make_v war_n against_o the_o roman_n his_o pretence_n be_v to_o revenge_v the_o death_n of_o barcilla_n and_o some_o other_o wrong_v receive_v 36._o lib._n 36._o but_o the_o true_a cause_n be_v the_o great_a hope_n he_o have_v to_o make_v some_o advantage_n to_o himself_o of_o the_o looseness_n of_o the_o roman_a discipline_n and_z and_o plutarch_n observe_v that_o when_o cicero_n object_v against_o anthony_n that_o he_o be_v the_o cause_n of_o the_o civil_a war_n it_o be_v but_o a_o pretence_n for_o caesar_n resolve_v to_o make_v war_n take_v only_o his_o pretence_n from_o anthony_n ii_o a_o war_n without_o any_o cause_n be_v brutish_a some_o there_o be_v that_o be_v carry_v headlong_o into_o war_n without_o either_o of_o these_o cause_n periculorum_fw-la propter_fw-la se_fw-la avidi_fw-la that_o delight_n only_o in_o sweat_n and_o blood_n and_o that_o live_v whole_o upon_o spoil_n and_o rapine_n this_o be_v a_o vice_n so_o much_o beneath_o the_o nature_n of_o mankind_n that_o aristotle_n call_v it_o 〈◊〉_d
necessity_n nisi_fw-la malint_fw-la fame_n perire_fw-la unless_o they_o have_v rather_o perish_v by_o famine_n for_o as_o anaxilaus_n in_o xenophon_n apoligize_v for_o his_o surrender_n of_o byzantium_n be_v thereunto_o constrain_v for_o want_n of_o bread_n pugnandum_fw-la est_fw-la hominibus_fw-la in_o homines_fw-la non_fw-la in_o rerum_fw-la naturam_fw-la man_n ought_v to_o fight_v against_o man_n but_o not_o against_o nature_n neither_o do_v man_n commend_v a_o voluntary_a death_n so_o long_o as_o their_o hope_n be_v above_o their_o fear_n that_o sentence_n which_o diodorus_n siculus_n pass_v against_o the_o theban_n which_o live_v in_o the_o time_n of_o alexander_n the_o great_a stand_v yet_o upon_o record_n namely_o that_o they_o be_v the_o author_n of_o their_o own_o ruin_n for_o as_o much_o as_o they_o have_v with_o more_o courage_n than_o prudence_n provoke_v alexander_n to_o their_o own_o destruction_n and_o in_o another_o place_n the_o same_o author_n examine_v the_o ground_n of_o that_o war_n which_o the_o thracian_n undertake_v against_o alexander_n army_n after_o his_o death_n say_v that_o in_o the_o opinion_n of_o the_o wise_a man_n they_o have_v consult_v well_o for_o their_o own_o glory_n but_o not_o so_o well_o for_o their_o own_o profit_n by_o thrust_v themselves_o over-hasty_o into_o so_o dangerous_a a_o enterprise_n be_v no_o way_n urge_v thereunto_o by_o any_o necessity_n but_o especial_o be_v forewarn_v by_o the_o destruction_n of_o the_o theban_n the_o like_a censure_n do_v plutarch_n pass_v upon_o cato_n and_o scipio_n who_o for_o refuse_v to_o submit_v to_o caesar_n after_o his_o victory_n in_o pharsalia_n he_o condemn_v as_o be_v the_o cause_n that_o so_o many_o and_o so_o gallant_a man_n do_v unnecessary_o perish_v in_o africa_n now_o what_o i_o have_v here_o say_v concern_v liberty_n may_v likewise_o be_v say_v concern_v other_o thing_n that_o be_v desiderable_a when_o they_o can_v be_v obtain_v without_o if_o not_o a_o more_o just_a yet_o at_o least_o a_o equal_a expectation_n of_o some_o great_a mischief_n for_o as_o aristides_n say_v to_o preserve_v the_o ship_n with_o the_o loss_n of_o the_o good_n be_v usual_a but_o not_o with_o the_o loss_n of_o the_o passenger_n vii_o war_n seldom_o make_v for_o punishment_n by_o prince_n of_o equal_a power_n this_o also_o be_v chief_o to_o be_v observe_v that_o war_n be_v seldom_o or_o never_o make_v for_o exact_v punishment_n only_o by_o such_o prince_n or_o state_n as_o be_v of_o equal_a power_n for_o as_o the_o civil_a magistrate_n so_o he_o that_o undertake_v to_o punish_v injury_n by_o arm_n must_v always_o be_v presume_v to_o be_v of_o power_n sufficient_a to_o enforce_v it_o neither_o be_v it_o prudence_n only_o or_o the_o love_n we_o bear_v to_o our_o subject_n that_o shall_v dissuade_v we_o from_o a_o doubtful_a war_n but_o sometime_o even_a justice_n that_o i_o mean_v which_o be_v essential_a to_o government_n which_o require_v as_o obedience_n from_o inferior_n so_o protection_n and_o preservation_n from_o superior_n and_o consequent_o as_o some_o divine_n have_v right_o observe_v if_o a_o king_n for_o any_o small_a or_o trife_v cause_n as_o for_o the_o exact_v of_o punishment_n which_o be_v unnecessary_a loss_n in_o what_o case_n a_o prince_n be_v bind_v to_o repair_v his_o subject_n loss_n engage_v his_o subject_n in_o a_o dangerous_a war_n he_o be_v bind_v to_o repair_v the_o loss_n they_o shall_v thereby_o sustain_v for_o although_o to_o his_o enemy_n haply_o he_o do_v no_o wrong_n who_o have_v just_o provoke_v he_o yet_o do_v he_o thereby_o wrong_v to_o his_o subject_n by_o involve_v they_o in_o a_o dangerous_a war_n for_o such_o slight_a cause_n as_o may_v better_a have_v be_v dissemble_v and_o be_v therefore_o bind_v to_o repair_v their_o damage_n in_o which_o sense_n that_o of_o livy_n hold_v true_a justum_fw-la est_fw-la bellum_fw-la quod_fw-la necessarium_fw-la est_fw-la &_o pia_fw-la arma_fw-la quibus_fw-la nulla_fw-la nisi_fw-la in_o armis_fw-la relinquitur_fw-la spes_fw-la that_o war_n be_v just_a that_o be_v necessary_a and_o arm_n be_v there_o necessary_a when_o there_o be_v no_o hope_n of_o safety_n but_o by_o arms._n this_o be_v ovid_n wish_n 1._o ovid._n fast_o 1._o sola_fw-la gerat_fw-la mile_n quibus_fw-la arma_fw-la coerceat_fw-la arma_fw-la may_v then_o the_o soldier_n arm_v be_v when_o he_o repel_v his_o enemy_n viii_o war_n not_o to_o be_v undertake_v but_o in_o a_o case_n of_o necessity_n there_o be_v then_o one_o rare_a cause_n when_o war_n either_o can_v or_o ought_v not_o to_o be_v omit_v as_o namely_o when_o as_o flora_n speak_v jura_n sunt_fw-la armis_fw-la saeviora_fw-la law_n be_v more_o cruel_a than_o war_n itself_o that_o be_v when_o the_o oppression_n of_o tyrant_n be_v more_o greivious_a than_o the_o misery_n of_o war._n he_o say_v seneca_n need_v not_o to_o fear_v the_o misery_n of_o war_n that_o suffer_v the_o like_a if_o not_o great_a live_v in_o peace_n so_o aristides_n when_o it_o be_v manifest_a that_o our_o condition_n will_v be_v worse_o in_o sit_v still_o than_o we_o may_v adventure_v upon_o the_o danger_n of_o war._n neither_o be_v that_o opinion_n of_o tacitus_n much_o to_o be_v condemn_v where_o he_o say_v that_o a_o miserable_a peace_n may_v well_o be_v exchange_v for_o a_o doubtful_a war_n that_o be_v as_o the_o same_o author_n say_v when_o if_o we_o conquer_v we_o enjoy_v our_o freedom_n or_o be_v conquer_v our_o condition_n can_v be_v no_o worse_o or_o when_o as_o livy_n speak_v peace_n be_v more_o grievous_a to_o those_o that_o serve_v than_o war_n be_v to_o those_o that_o be_v free_a but_o not_o as_o cicero_n put_v the_o case_n if_o it_o appear_v that_o be_v conquer_a we_o shall_v be_v proscribe_v i._n e._n our_o estate_n shall_v be_v sell_v and_o our_o person_n banish_v but_o be_v conqueror_n we_o change_v only_o our_o oppressor_n but_o be_v not_o ease_v of_o our_o oppression_n ix_o or_o without_o great_a cause_n and_o great_a advantage_n another_o time_n when_o war_n be_v to_o be_v prefer_v before_o peace_n peace_n be_v when_o upon_o a_o rational_a debate_n we_o find_v that_o we_o have_v the_o best_a right_n and_o which_o be_v of_o great_a moment_n power_n sufficient_a to_o defend_v it_o that_o be_v as_o augustus_n in_o suetonius_n sometime_o say_v 24._o say_v sueton._n c._n 24._o when_o there_o be_v more_o hope_n of_o gain_n than_o fear_v of_o loss_n or_o as_o scipio_n africanus_n and_o l._n aemilius_n paulus_n be_v wont_a to_o say_v of_o the_o battle_n 2._o battle_n awl_n gel._n l._n 13._o c._n 3._o val._n max._n l._n 7._o c._n 2._o we_o ought_v not_o to_o run_v the_o hazard_n of_o a_o battle_n but_o upon_o some_o unavoidable_a necessity_n or_o upon_o great_a and_o manifest_a advantage_n wherewith_o accord_n that_o of_o plutarch_n gracchis_n plutarch_n gracchis_n before-recited_n to_o use_v iron_n and_o steel_n without_o very_o great_a necessity_n neither_o become_v a_o good_a physician_n nor_o a_o prudent_a state_n man_n the_o like_a zonara_n record_n of_o marcianus_n king_n when_o they_o may_v lawful_o enjoy_v peace_n ought_v not_o to_o make_v war._n whereunto_o we_o may_v add_v that_o of_o st._n augustine_n pacem_fw-la habere_fw-la voluntatis_fw-la est_fw-la bellum_fw-la autem_fw-la necessitatis_fw-la esse_fw-la debet_fw-la ut_fw-la liberet_fw-la nos_fw-la deus_fw-la à _fw-la necessitate_v &_o conservet_fw-la in_o pace_n peace_n we_o shall_v make_v voluntary_o war_n out_o of_o necessity_n that_o so_o god_n may_v relieve_v we_o in_o our_o necessity_n and_o preserve_v we_o in_o peace_n but_o then_o most_o especial_o may_v we_o make_v war_n when_o we_o have_v good_a cause_n to_o hope_n that_o our_o enemy_n through_o fear_n or_o by_o the_o fame_n of_o our_o victory_n will_v be_v ready_a to_o yield_v without_o any_o or_o very_o little_a danger_n on_o our_o part_n and_o this_o be_v as_o pliny_n call_v it_o the_o most_o glorious_a of_o all_o victory_n x._o the_o misery_n of_o war._n war_n indeed_o be_v as_o plutarch_n speak_v eamilli_n speak_v vit._n eamilli_n a_o very_a savage_a thing_n and_o never_o come_v unaccompanied_a with_o a_o torrent_n of_o mischief_n and_o insolence_n which_o say_v st._n aug._n 7._o aug._n de_fw-fr civet_fw-la dei_fw-la l._n 19_o c._n 7._o shall_v i_o undertake_v to_o describe_v when_o and_o where_o will_v my_o discourse_n end_n but_o they_o may_v say_v a_o wise_a man_n will_v sometime_o make_v war_n as_o if_o when_o he_o consider_v himself_o to_o be_v a_o man_n he_o do_v not_o much_o more_o grieve_v to_o find_v himself_o enforce_v thereunto_o though_o that_o war_n be_v just_a for_o unless_o it_o be_v just_a there_o can_v be_v no_o necessity_n to_o make_v it_o because_o it_o be_v the_o iniquity_n of_o the_o adverse_a part_n that_o thrust_v a_o wise_a man_n into_o a_o just_a and_o necessary_a war_n which_o very_a iniquity_n as_o proceed_v from_o man_n though_o no_o necessity_n of_o a_o war_n shall_v thence_o arise_v be_v
lib._n 1._o non_fw-la illi_fw-la imperium_fw-la pelagi_fw-la renumque_fw-la tridentis_fw-la sed_fw-la mihi_fw-la sort_n datur_fw-la the_o sea_n be_v vast_a power_n be_v not_o by_o lot_n assign_v to_o he_o but_o i_o whereunto_o not_o much_o unlike_a be_v that_o of_o ovid_n rescindere_fw-la nunquam_fw-la 14._o metam_fw-la lib._n 14._o dîs_fw-la licet_fw-la acta_fw-la deûm_fw-la nor_o can_v the_o god_n each_o other_o act_n rescind_v so_o likewise_o euripides_n mos_fw-la ille_fw-la est_fw-la deûm_fw-la quod_fw-la cupiit_fw-la unus_fw-la huic_fw-la nefas_fw-la obsistere_fw-la the_o god_n their_o custom_n have_v none_o must_v oppose_v what_o any_o one_o do_v crave_v that_o be_v as_o st._n ambrose_n well_o expound_v it_o lest_o by_o usurp_v upon_o each_o other_o jurisdiction_n they_o shall_v stir_v up_o war_n among_o themselvo_n that_o every_o state_n shall_v be_v permit_v to_o punish_v their_o own_o subject_n be_v think_v by_o the_o corinthian_n in_o thucydides_n to_o be_v just_a and_o perseus_n in_o his_o oration_n to_o martius_n deny_v that_o he_o need_v to_o make_v any_o defence_n for_o himself_o for_o what_o he_o have_v do_v against_o the_o dolopes_n say_v jure_fw-la feci_fw-la meo_fw-la i_o do_v but_o exercise_v my_o own_o just_a right_n see_v that_o they_o be_v my_o subject_n and_o so_o under_o my_o jurisdiction_n for_o as_o st._n augustine_n observe_v arb._n lib._n 2._o de_fw-fr lib._n arb._n there_o be_v not_o the_o same_o reason_n that_o because_o it_o be_v a_o argument_n of_o some_o man_n goodness_n to_o confer_v courtesy_n on_o stranger_n therefore_o it_o shall_v be_v the_o like_a argument_n of_o their_o justice_n to_o punish_v those_o that_o belong_v to_o another_o jurisdiction_n but_o rather_o as_o procopius_n have_v it_o it_o be_v more_o agreeable_a to_o the_o rule_n of_o equity_n that_o every_o man_n shall_v careful_o govern_v his_o own_o province_n and_o not_o trouble_v himself_o with_o the_o affair_n of_o other_o yet_o be_v all_o these_o to_o be_v understand_v of_o such_o case_n wherein_o another_o man_n subject_n have_v manifest_o offend_v or_o at_o least_o whereof_o it_o be_v doubtful_a whether_o they_o have_v or_o not_o for_o to_o this_o end_n be_v empire_n at_o first_o distribute_v but_o they_o hold_v not_o in_o case_n subject_n apparent_o groan_v under_o such_o tyranny_n as_o no_o just_a man_n can_v approve_v of_o and_o therefore_o be_v preclude_v from_o those_o right_n that_o be_v common_a to_o humane_a society_n for_o in_o such_o a_o case_n as_o this_o it_o be_v that_o constantine_n make_v war_n against_o maxentius_n and_o licinius_n and_o other_o roman_a emperor_n against_o the_o persian_n or_o at_o least_o threaten_a so_o to_o do_v unless_o they_o protect_v from_o oppression_n such_o of_o their_o subject_n as_o be_v christian_n be_v persecute_v for_o no_o other_o cause_n but_o that_o of_o religion_n yea_o and_o although_o we_o shall_v grant_v that_o subject_n can_v not_o just_o take_v up_o arm_n against_o their_o prince_n no_o not_o in_o case_n of_o great_a necessity_n which_o we_o see_v be_v doubt_v even_o by_o those_o who_o purpose_n it_o be_v to_o defend_v the_o regal_a power_n yet_o will_v it_o not_o thence_o follow_v that_o other_o prince_n may_v not_o take_v arm_n in_o their_o own_o defence_n for_o whensoever_o the_o impediment_n to_o any_o action_n be_v mere_o personal_a and_o not_o draw_v from_o the_o thing_n itself_o then_o that_o which_o be_v unlawful_a for_o one_o to_o do_v by_o himself_o may_v yet_o be_v lawful_a for_o another_o to_o do_v for_o he_o ☞_o ☞_o if_o the_o matter_n be_v such_o wherein_o one_o man_n may_v profit_v another_o so_o a_o suit_n at_o law_n which_o a_o pupil_n by_o reason_n of_o his_o minority_n can_v maintain_v by_o himself_o his_o tutor_n or_o guardian_n may_v maintain_v for_o he_o so_o a_o client_n that_o can_v appear_v in_o his_o own_o person_n by_o reason_n of_o the_o distance_n of_o place_n may_v notwithstanding_o appear_v by_o his_o attorney_n now_o that_o impediment_n which_o in_o a_o subject_n hinder_v resistance_n arise_v not_o from_o the_o cause_n which_o be_v the_o same_o in_o subject_n as_o in_o those_o that_o be_v not_o but_o from_o the_o condition_n or_o quality_n of_o the_o person_n which_o pass_v not_o into_o another_o thus_o think_v seneca_n he_o that_o be_v separate_v from_o my_o country_n be_v vexatious_a to_o his_o own_o may_v be_v just_o by_o i_o invade_v as_o i_o have_v show_v before_o where_o we_o treat_v of_o punishment_n which_o thing_n be_v often_o conjoin_v with_o the_o defence_n of_o innocent_n although_o we_o be_v not_o ignorant_a by_o those_o many_o example_n we_o find_v in_o history_n both_o ancient_a and_o modern_a that_o ambition_n and_o a_o insatiable_a thirst_n after_o gain_n do_v too_o frequent_o disguise_v themselves_o under_o such_o specious_a pretence_n yet_o may_v we_o not_o thence_o conclude_v that_o because_o wicked_a man_n do_v sometime_o usurp_v this_o right_n for_o sinister_a end_n therefore_o to_o defend_v other_o man_n subject_n from_o manifest_a oppression_n cease_v to_o be_v lawful_a for_o navigant_n &_o piratae_fw-la ferro_fw-la utuntur_fw-la &_o latrones_fw-la pirate_n we_o see_v navigate_v the_o sea_n and_o thief_n wear_v sword_n yet_o no_o man_n will_v hence_o infer_v that_o it_o be_v not_o therefore_o lawful_a for_o merchant_n to_o traffic_v by_o sea_n or_o for_o prince_n to_o make_v use_n of_o arm_n to_o defend_v their_o subject_n ix_o of_o soldier_n of_o fortune_n but_o as_o those_o warlike_a confederacy_n which_o be_v make_v to_o the_o end_n that_o succour_n may_v be_v promise_v upon_o any_o war_n undertake_v by_o whomsoever_o or_o upon_o what_o occasion_n soever_o be_v it_o right_n or_o wrong_n be_v already_o declare_v to_o be_v unlawful_a so_o be_v there_o no_o kind_n of_o life_n more_o wicked_a than_o that_o of_o mercenary_a soldier_n who_o without_o any_o respect_n have_v to_o the_o equity_n of_o the_o cause_n fight_v only_o for_o plunder_v and_o pay_v to_o who_o ibi_fw-la fas_fw-la ubi_fw-la plurima_fw-la merces_fw-la that_o be_v the_o best_a cause_n which_o pay_v best_a 32._o livy_n 32._o which_o plato_n prove_v out_o of_o tyrtaeus_n this_o be_v it_o that_o philip_n upbraid_v the_o aetolian_n with_o and_o dionysius_n milesius_n condemn_v in_o the_o arcadian_n in_o these_o word_n belli_n instituuntur_fw-la nundinae_fw-la they_o make_v war_n a_o trade_n to_o live_v by_o and_o what_o be_v the_o common_a bane_n of_o all_o greece_n beside_o be_v matter_n of_o gain_n and_o profit_n to_o they_o whilst_o they_o send_v out_o their_o mercenary_n sometime_o to_o this_o part_n sometime_o to_o that_o without_o any_o regard_n to_o justice_n or_o equity_n sure_o a_o soldier_n be_v a_o thing_n to_o be_v much_o pity_v bacchid_n miles_n qui_fw-la aquavitae_fw-la causa_fw-la se_fw-la auctorat_fw-la neci_fw-la antiphanes_n bacchid_n who_o as_o antiphanes_n speak_v hire_v himself_o to_o be_v kill_v to_o preserve_v a_o life_n that_o be_v miserable_a so_o dion_n prusaeensis_n what_o can_v be_v more_o necessary_a what_o more_o dear_a and_o precious_a than_o life_n and_o yet_o even_o this_o many_o man_n imprudent_o lose_v for_o greediness_n of_o gain_n this_o be_v plautus_n his_o character_n of_o mercenary_n svam_fw-la qui_fw-la auro_fw-la vitam_fw-la venditant_fw-la their_o life_n for_o gold_n they_o sell_v the_o like_a do_v gunther_n aere_fw-la dato_fw-la conducta_fw-la cohors_fw-la &_o bellica_fw-la mile_n dona_n sequens_fw-la pretioque_fw-la suum_fw-la mutare_fw-la favorem_fw-la suetus_fw-la &_o accepto_fw-la pariter_fw-la cum_fw-la munere_fw-la bello_fw-la hunc_fw-la habuisse_fw-la dator_fw-la pretii_fw-la quem_fw-la jusserit_fw-la hostem_fw-la and_o yet_o do_v they_o sell_v their_o own_o life_n only_o it_o be_v the_o less_o hurt_n but_o together_o with_o their_o own_o they_o sell_v the_o life_n of_o many_o innocent_n tanto_fw-la carnifice_fw-la detestabiliores_fw-la quanto_fw-la pejus_fw-la est_fw-la sine_fw-la causa_fw-la quam_fw-la cum_fw-la causa_fw-la occidere_fw-la by_o so_o much_o be_v the_o condition_n of_o such_o soldier_n worse_o than_o that_o of_o hangman_n by_o how_o much_o it_o be_v more_o abominable_a to_o kill_v the_o innocent_a than_o to_o destroy_v the_o guilty_a as_o antisthenes_n be_v wont_a to_o say_v of_o tyrant_n tbat_v they_o be_v more_o cruel_a and_o merciless_a than_o common_a executioner_n for_o these_o hang_v thief_n and_o murderer_n only_o but_o those_o murder_n innocent_n and_o philip_n of_o macedon_n 18._o diodor._fw-la l._n 18._o as_o true_o of_o those_o who_o make_v war_n for_o gain_v only_o that_o war_n be_v to_o they_o as_o peace_n and_o peace_n as_o war._n so_o likewise_o seneca_n what_o may_v a_o man_n call_v this_o but_o madness_n to_o make_v danger_n our_o inseparable_a companion_n fierce_o to_o assault_v those_o who_o we_o know_v not_o to_o be_v enrage_v without_o any_o offence_n give_v to_o destroy_v all_o we_o meet_v and_o like_o wild_a beast_n to_o kill_v those_o who_o we_o never_o hate_v sure_o war_n be_v not_o a_o trade_n to_o live_v by_o nay_o
expose_v themselves_o to_o labour_n and_o danger_n for_o nothing_o 15._o de_fw-fr benefic_n 4._o c._n 15._o for_o this_o reason_n say_v seneca_n we_o usual_o reward_v physician_n though_o they_o cure_v we_o not_o quod_fw-la à _fw-la rebus_fw-la suis_fw-la avocati_fw-la nobis_fw-la vacant_a because_o we_o call_v they_o from_o their_o own_o affair_n to_o serve_v we_o and_o the_o same_o reason_n likewise_o serve_v for_o lawyer_n as_o quintilian_n note_n because_o they_o tear_v out_o their_o time_n and_o employ_v their_o whole_a study_n to_o defend_v other_o man_n estate_n thereby_o neglect_v all_o other_o mean_v to_o improve_v their_o own_o the_o very_a same_o be_v give_v by_o tacitus_n 9_o ann._n l._n 9_o omittit_fw-la res_fw-la familiares_fw-la ut_fw-la quis_fw-la se_fw-la alienis_fw-la negotiis_fw-la intendat_fw-la that_o he_o cast_v off_o all_o care_n of_o his_o own_o domestic_a affair_n that_o he_o may_v the_o better_o intend_v the_o good_a of_o other_o it_o be_v therefore_o very_o credible_a unless_o there_o shall_v appear_v some_o other_o cause_n as_o namely_o mere_a kindness_n or_o some_o former_a contract_n that_o it_o be_v the_o bare_a hope_n of_o gain_n by_o the_o spoil_n of_o the_o enemy_n which_o they_o expect_v as_o a_o compensation_n for_o their_o loss_n of_o time_n and_o of_o their_o labour_n marcell_n vid._n plut._n marcell_n that_o make_v they_o to_o expose_v themselves_o to_o so_o great_a danger_n xxiv_o and_o often_o to_o subject_n but_o as_o to_o subject_n the_o reason_n be_v not_o so_o evident_a because_o subject_n and_o citizen_n owe_v their_o help_n and_o assistance_n to_o the_o country_n or_o city_n whereof_o they_o be_v but_o yet_o see_v that_o all_o citizen_n either_o can_v or_o will_v not_o expose_v themselves_o to_o those_o hazard_n and_o hardship_n that_o attend_v war_n therefore_o it_o be_v but_o reasonable_a that_o retribution_n be_v make_v by_o the_o whole_a body_n of_o the_o people_n unto_o such_o as_o shall_v sustain_v the_o toil_n or_o the_o charge_n of_o it_o but_o much_o more_o the_o damage_n that_o shall_v be_v thereby_o occasion_v in_o full_a recompense_n whereof_o the_o hope_n of_o the_o whole_a prey_n or_o of_o a_o uncertain_a part_n thereof_o be_v by_o the_o people_n easy_o and_o that_o not_o without_o reason_n grant_v unto_o they_o so_o think_v the_o poet_n propert._n propert._n praeda_fw-la sit_fw-la haec_fw-la illis_fw-la quorum_fw-la meruere_fw-la labores_fw-la they_o be_v the_o prey_n who_o pain_n deserve_v it_o have_v as_o to_o our_o associate_n a_o example_n we_o have_v in_o the_o league_n that_o be_v make_v between_o the_o roman_n and_o the_o latin_n wherein_o it_o be_v agree_v 24._o liv._o l._n 4._o c._n 24._o that_o in_o all_o the_o war_n wherein_o the_o roman_n shall_v engage_v they_o the_o spoil_n take_v from_o the_o enemy_n shall_v be_v equal_o divide_v between_o they_o so_o in_o the_o war_n wherein_o the_o aetolian_n engage_v the_o roman_n it_o be_v agree_v 6._o diony_n l._n 6._o polyb._n l._n 6._o that_o the_o city_n and_o territory_n shall_v be_v the_o aetolian_n but_o the_o prisoner_n and_o all_o movable_n shall_v be_v grant_v to_o the_o roman_n to_o the_o ancient_a latin_n the_o roman_n give_v a_o three_o part_n of_o the_o spoil_n as_o pliny_n testify_v and_o proportionable_a to_o the_o succour_n send_v the_o free_a town_n of_o the_o swisser_n receive_v their_o share_n of_o the_o spoil_n as_o simler_n relate_v 8._o paruta_n l._n 8._o in_o a_o war_n against_o the_o turk_n the_o pope_n the_o emperor_n and_o the_o venetian_n divide_v the_o spoil_n according_a to_o their_o respective_a charge_n that_o they_o have_v be_v at_o in_o make_v the_o war._n and_o pomponius_n gratify_v deiotarus_n king_n of_o galatia_n with_o the_o lesser_a armenia_n because_o he_o have_v be_v his_o companion_n in_o the_o war_n against_o mithridates_n st_n ambrose_n upon_o the_o story_n of_o abraham_n abra_n lib._n 1._o de_fw-fr abra_n demonstrate_v the_o equity_n of_o this_o custom_n abraham_n say_v he_o perhaps_o think_v it_o but_o just_a that_o they_o that_o come_v up_o to_o his_o assistance_n in_o that_o war_n shall_v likewise_o partake_v with_o he_o of_o the_o spoil_n as_o be_v the_o reward_n of_o their_o labour_n but_o as_o to_o subject_n a_o example_n we_o have_v in_o the_o nation_n of_o the_o jew_n 31.27_o numb_a 31.27_o where_o god_n command_v moses_n to_o divide_v the_o spoil_n of_o the_o midianite_n into_o two_o part_n that_o be_v between_o they_o that_o undertake_v the_o war_n and_o go_v out_o to_o battle_n and_o between_o all_o the_o congregation_n and_o in_o ver_fw-la 47._o he_o subdivide_v that_o part_n which_o belong_v to_o the_o congregation_n and_o give_v the_o fifty_o part_n thereof_o to_o the_o levite_n that_o have_v the_o charge_n of_o the_o tabernacle_n thus_o david_n divide_v the_o spoil_n take_v from_o the_o amalekite_v equal_o between_o they_o that_o go_v down_o to_o battle_n and_o they_o that_o guard_v the_o stuff_n sometime_o the_o jew_n will_v divide_v the_o spoil_n 30.24_o 1_o sam._n 30.24_o and_o grant_v half_a to_o the_o soldier_n and_o as_o to_o the_o other_o part_n they_o admit_v the_o maim_a the_o widow_n and_o the_o orphan_n to_o have_v share_n with_o they_o so_o we_o read_v of_o alexander_n soldier_n 28.30_o 2_o mac._n 28.30_o that_o they_o always_o challenge_v the_o spoil_n take_v from_o private_a man_n unto_o themselves_o only_o the_o most_o precious_a thing_n they_o reserve_v and_o present_v to_o the_o king_n wherefore_o we_o find_v they_o accuse_v for_o rob_v the_o public_a treasury_n who_o have_v conspire_v to_o assume_v all_o the_o prey_n take_v at_o arbela_n to_o themselves_o so_o as_o to_o bring_v nothing_o to_o the_o treasury_n but_o yet_o those_o public_a thing_n that_o belong_v to_o the_o enemy_n or_o to_o the_o king_n against_o who_o they_o fight_v be_v exempt_v from_o this_o licence_n thus_o it_o be_v with_o the_o macedonian_n when_o they_o break_v into_o darius_n camp_n they_o carry_v away_o a_o infinite_a mass_n of_o treasure_n leave_v no_o place_n unrifle_v but_o the_o king_n pavilion_n only_o it_o be_v a_o custom_n receive_v among_o they_o as_o curtius_n note_v as_o well_o as_o among_o most_o nation_n to_o receive_v the_o conqueror_n in_o the_o pavilion_n of_o the_o conquer_a the_o custom_n of_o the_o hebrew_n be_v not_o much_o unlike_o this_o of_o the_o macedonian_n 12.30_o 2_o sam._n 12.30_o for_o they_o always_o set_v the_o crown_n of_o the_o vanquish_a king_n upon_o the_o head_n of_o the_o conqueror_n assign_v all_o the_o furniture_n of_o the_o king_n palace_n or_o pavilion_n unto_o he_o as_o his_o share_n of_o the_o spoil_n and_o among_o the_o act_n of_o charles_n the_o great_a we_o find_v that_o have_v conquer_v the_o hungarian_n whatsoever_o be_v take_v from_o private_a man_n he_o give_v to_o the_o soldier_n but_o what_o be_v the_o vanquish_a king_n be_v bring_v into_o the_o emperor_n treasury_n the_o grecian_n distinguish_v they_o by_o their_o several_a name_n call_v the_o public_a 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d but_o the_o private_a 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d as_o also_o they_o do_v those_o take_v in_o the_o battle_n 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d but_o those_o take_v after_o battle_n be_v public_a 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d which_o distinction_n be_v afterward_o approve_v of_o by_o other_o nation_n but_o it_o be_v plain_a by_o what_o have_v be_v already_o say_v that_o the_o roman_n during_o their_o ancient_a commonwealth_n do_v not_o allow_v to_o their_o soldier_n so_o much_o yet_o they_o begin_v to_o be_v more_o indulgent_a to_o they_o in_o their_o civil_a war_n thus_o you_o may_v read_v aequilanum_n give_v to_o the_o soldier_n for_o pillage_n by_o silvius_n and_o caesar_n after_o the_o battle_n of_o pharsalia_n give_v pompey_n camp_n to_o be_v pillage_v by_o the_o soldier_n with_o this_o compliment_n superest_fw-la pro_fw-la sanguine_fw-la merces_fw-la quam_fw-la monstrare_fw-la meum_fw-la est_fw-la nec_fw-la enim_fw-la donare_fw-la vocabo_fw-la quod_fw-la sibi_fw-la cuique_fw-la dabit_fw-la for_o loss_n of_o blood_n a_o recompense_n i_o will_v make_v not_o what_o i_o will_v give_v but_o what_o each_o man_n shall_v take_v and_o in_o another_o civil_a war_n the_o flavian_o be_v lead_v against_o cremona_n 1._o app._n civil_a 1._o make_v all_o the_o haste_n they_o can_v the_o night_n approach_v to_o storm_v the_o city_n lest_o the_o pillage_n thereof_o shall_v fall_v unto_o their_o commander_n and_o legate_n have_v it_o seem_v be_v sufficient_o instruct_v by_o tacitus_n 3._o tacit._n hist_o 3._o expugnatae_fw-la vrbis_fw-la praedam_fw-la ad_fw-la militem_fw-la deditae_fw-la ad_fw-la ducem_fw-la pertinere_fw-la that_o the_o plunder_n of_o a_o town_n if_o storm_v belong_v to_o the_o soldier_n but_o if_o surrender_a unto_o the_o general_n corona_n ne_fw-fr manente_fw-la periculo_fw-la omissis_fw-la hostibus_fw-la praeda_fw-la manus_fw-la impediret_fw-la quòd_fw-la plurimas_fw-la saepe_fw-la victorias_fw-la corrupit_fw-la sub_fw-la corona_n but_o
plutarch_n recite_v that_o say_v of_o king_n pyrrhus_n that_o he_o will_v leave_v his_o kingdom_n to_o that_o son_n who_o have_v the_o sharp_a sword_n say_v that_o it_o be_v so_o say_v only_o to_o excite_v they_o to_o enrich_v his_o house_n with_o blood_n and_o rapine_n whereupon_o he_o break_v out_o into_o this_o exclamation_n adeo_fw-la insociabile_fw-la ferinumque_fw-la est_fw-la propositum_fw-la plus_fw-la svo_fw-la habendi_fw-la so_o wild_a and_o unsociable_a a_o thing_n be_v covetousness_n aristotle_n seem_v exceed_o to_o blame_v they_o who_o though_o they_o be_v not_o willing_a to_o admit_v of_o any_o king_n or_o governor_n over_o themselves_o but_o he_o that_o have_v the_o true_a right_n yet_o regard_v neither_o right_a nor_o wrong_n in_o the_o government_n of_o foreigner_n the_o lacedaemonian_n say_v plutarch_n place_v the_o great_a part_n of_o honesty_n in_o their_o country_n profit_n jus_fw-la aliud_fw-la nec_fw-la norunt_fw-la age_n plut._n age_n nec_fw-la discunt_fw-la quam_fw-la unde_fw-la spartam_fw-la putant_fw-la posse_fw-la augeri_fw-la they_o will_v neither_o know_v or_o learn_v any_o other_o law_n than_o how_o to_o enlarge_v their_o territory_n the_o like_a character_n do_v the_o athenian_n give_v of_o they_o in_o thucydides_n that_o among_o themselves_o and_o to_o their_o own_o civil_a law_n honesty_n the_o lacedaemonian_n prefer_v public_a profit_n before_o honesty_n they_o be_v very_o just_a but_o as_o to_o stranger_n they_o esteem_v exery_a thing_n honest_a that_o be_v pleasant_a and_o every_o thing_n just_a that_o be_v profitable_a but_o yet_o when_o one_o of_o the_o spartan_a king_n pronounce_v that_o commonwealth_n happy_a reprove_v which_o pompey_n reprove_v which_o be_v bound_v by_o the_o sword_n and_o the_o spear_n pompey_n correct_v he_o say_v yea_o rather_o that_o commonwealth_n be_v true_o happy_a that_o be_v on_o every_o side_n bound_v with_o justice_n for_o which_o he_o may_v also_o have_v produce_v the_o authority_n of_o another_o spartan_a king_n who_o prefer_v justice_n even_o before_o military_a prowess_n upon_o this_o very_a ground_n because_o all_o martial_a power_n ought_v to_o be_v regulate_v by_o justice_n for_o in_o case_n all_o man_n be_v just_a there_o will_v be_v no_o need_n of_o valour_n fortitude_n justice_n prefer_v before_o fortitude_n even_o fortitude_n itself_o be_v by_o the_o stoic_n thus_o define_v to_o be_v valour_n contend_v for_o justice_n when_o agesilaus_n in_o plutarch_n hear_v the_o persian_a king_n style_v great_a he_o demand_v quomodo_n i_o major_n nisi_fw-la sit_fw-la &_o justior_fw-la how_o be_v he_o great_a than_o myself_o unless_o he_o be_v more_o just_a themistius_n in_o his_o oration_n that_o he_o make_v to_o the_o emperor_n valens_n elegant_o discourse_v how_o king_n shall_v be_v qualify_v nation_n and_o to_o be_v extend_v to_o all_o nation_n if_o wisdom_n be_v to_o choose_v they_o say_v not_o such_o as_o shall_v think_v themselves_o entrust_v with_o the_o care_n of_o one_o single_a nation_n only_o but_o of_o all_o mankind_n neither_o shall_v he_o profess_v himself_o to_o be_v a_o friend_n to_o the_o macedonian_n only_o or_o to_o the_o roman_n but_o to_o all_o man_n and_o all_o nation_n whatsoever_o as_o m._n antoninus_n sometime_o say_v of_o himself_o civitas_n &_o patria_fw-la mihi_fw-la est_fw-la ut_fw-la antonino_n roma_n ut_fw-la homini_fw-la mundus_fw-la as_o i_o be_o antoninus_n 3._o de_fw-fr non_fw-fr esu_fw-la animal_n l._n 3._o rome_n be_v my_o country_n as_o i_o be_o a_o man_n the_o world_n so_o also_o porphyry_n he_o that_o be_v guide_v by_o reason_n carry_v himself_o inoffensive_o towards_o his_o own_o subject_n yea_o and_o towards_o stranger_n yea_o and_o towards_o all_o man_n 6._o see_v cyril_n against_o julian_n l._n 6._o quanto_fw-la ratione_fw-la praestans_fw-la tanto_fw-la divinior_n the_o more_o he_o partake_v of_o reason_n the_o more_o he_o partake_v of_o the_o divine_a nature_n the_o very_a name_n of_o minos_n be_v odious_a to_o posterity_n for_o no_o other_o reason_n but_o because_o he_o extend_v his_o justice_n no_o far_o than_o his_o dominion_n each_o country_n groan_v under_o minos_n yoke_n force_n that_o even_o in_o war_n some_o law_n be_v in_o force_n now_o what_o some_o have_v fancy_v namely_o that_o inter_fw-la arma_fw-la cessant_fw-la leges_fw-la in_o war_n all_o law_n lie_v asleep_a be_v so_o far_o from_o truth_n that_o no_o war_n ought_v to_o be_v undertake_v but_o for_o the_o prosecution_n of_o a_o man_n right_a nor_o any_o that_o be_v undertake_v manage_v beyond_o the_o bound_n of_o justice_n and_o faithfulness_n it_o be_v very_o well_o say_v of_o demosthenes_n that_o war_n may_v just_o be_v make_v against_o those_o who_o can_v be_v compel_v to_o do_v we_o right_o in_o a_o judicial_a way_n now_o against_o such_o as_o be_v sensible_a of_o their_o own_o weakness_n judgement_n be_v forceable_a enough_o and_o so_o no_o need_n of_o war_n but_o against_o such_o as_o be_v or_o think_v themselves_o of_o equal_a strength_n if_o they_o will_v not_o do_v right_a war_n may_v be_v just_o undertake_v which_o also_o that_o they_o may_v be_v altogether_o righteous_a must_v be_v manage_v with_o as_o much_o conscience_n as_o judgement_n be_v usual_o pass_v admit_v then_o that_o law_n may_v sleep_v in_o the_o midst_n of_o war_n yet_o they_o must_v be_v those_o only_a that_o be_v civil_a and_o judicial_a judicial_a but_o such_o only_a as_o be_v civil_a and_o judicial_a such_o i_o mean_v as_o be_v proper_a to_o peace_n but_o not_o such_o as_o be_v perpetual_a and_o fit_v unto_o all_o time_n it_o be_v very_o well_o say_v therefore_o by_o dion_n prusaeensis_n that_o write_v law_n be_v of_o no_o force_n among_o enemy_n but_o such_o as_o be_v unwritten_a that_o be_v such_o as_o nature_n herself_o dictate_v or_o the_o consent_n of_o nation_n constitute_v be_v in_o force_n even_o in_o the_o midst_n of_o arms._n arms._n there_o be_v law_n in_o the_o midst_n of_o arms._n when_o one_o ask_v king_n alphonsus_n whether_o he_o think_v himself_o most_o indebt_v to_o book_n or_o arm_n he_o ready_o answer_v that_o he_o be_v behold_v to_o his_o book_n both_o for_o the_o knowledge_n of_o his_o arm_n and_o also_o for_o his_o knowledge_n of_o the_o law_n of_o arms._n so_o also_o plutarch_n sunt_fw-la apud_fw-la bonos_fw-es viros_fw-la quaedam_fw-la &_o belli_fw-la jura_fw-la among_o good_a man_n there_o be_v some_o law_n to_o be_v observe_v even_o in_o war_n neither_o be_v we_o so_o to_o prosecute_v victory_n as_o to_o enrich_v ourselves_o by_o base_a and_o dishonest_a gain_n censeo_fw-la eas_fw-la res_fw-la puro_fw-la pioque_fw-la duello_n quaerendas_fw-la censeo_fw-la this_o appear_v by_o that_o ancient_a form_n of_o the_o roman_n these_o thing_n i_o judge_v aught_o to_o be_v acquire_v by_o a_o just_a and_o pious_a war._n these_o very_a ancient_a roman_n as_o varro_z note_n be_v very_o slow_a in_o make_v war_n and_o not_o very_o licentious_a when_o they_o do_v make_v it_o because_o they_o approve_v of_o no_o war_n but_o what_o be_v pious_a camillus_n be_v wont_a to_o say_v that_o war_n be_v to_o be_v wage_v with_o no_o less_o justice_n than_o valour_n the_o like_a testimony_n do_v scipio_n the_o african_a give_v of_o the_o people_n of_o rome_n in_o his_o time_n namely_o that_o they_o always_o begin_v and_o finish_v their_o war_n just_o and_o another_o author_n tell_v we_o that_o there_o be_v law_n for_o war_n as_o well_o as_o for_o peace_n a_o three_o admire_v fabritius_n for_o a_o gallant_a soldier_n but_o principal_o for_o that_o which_o in_o war_n be_v very_o rare_o find_v namely_o his_o innocence_n as_o believe_v that_o some_o thing_n usual_o do_v against_o a_o enemy_n be_v impious_a what_o great_a power_n and_o efficacy_n the_o justness_n of_o a_o cause_n have_v historian_n do_v every_o where_o declare_v say_n the_o goodness_n of_o a_o cause_n be_v of_o great_a efficacy_n in_o war_n proverbial_a say_n whilst_o they_o ofttimes_o ascribe_v the_o victory_n to_o this_o as_o to_o its_o principal_a cause_n from_o whence_o arise_v these_o proverbial_a say_n the_o courage_n of_o soldier_n do_v either_o rise_v or_o fall_v according_a to_o the_o equity_n of_o their_o cause_n he_o seldom_o return_v in_o safety_n that_o willing_o engage_v himself_o in_o a_o unjust_a war._n a_o good_a cause_n be_v never_o unattended_a with_o hope_n thus_o pompey_n in_o appian_n cheer_v up_o the_o spirit_n of_o his_o soldier_n we_o say_v he_o must_v place_v all_o our_o confidence_n in_o the_o god_n and_o in_o the_o goodness_n of_o our_o cause_n as_o have_v enter_v into_o this_o war_n upon_o honest_a and_o just_a ground_n for_o the_o defence_n of_o the_o commonwealth_n thus_o likewise_o do_v cassius_n encourage_v his_o soldier_n by_o tell_v they_o that_o the_o great_a hope_n be_v always_o where_o there_o be_v the_o best_a cause_n the_o like_a we_o may_v read_v in_o josephus_n 15._o antiq._n hist_o lib._n 15._o abs_fw-la quo_fw-la stat_fw-la jus_fw-la ab_fw-la eo_fw-la
deus_fw-la where_o the_o right_a be_v not_o god_n be_v not_o many_o such_o like_a say_n we_o find_v in_o procopius_n as_o that_o of_o belisarius_n upon_o his_o expedition_n into_o africa_n where_o he_o tell_v his_o army_n that_o valour_n never_o get_v the_o victory_n unless_o accompany_v with_o justice_n and_o in_o another_o speech_n of_o he_o before_o the_o battle_n fight_v near_o carthage_n we_o appeal_v say_v he_o to_o god_n for_o witness_n the_o small_a atom_n of_o who_o power_n be_v able_a to_o overbalance_n all_o humane_a strength_n he_o as_o we_o believe_v weigh_v just_o the_o cause_n of_o the_o war_n will_v give_v success_n to_o this_o battle_n that_o be_v due_a to_o both_o party_n the_o truth_n of_o which_o say_v the_o admirable_a event_n of_o that_o fight_n do_v present_o after_o undoubted_o prove_v thus_o likewise_o totilas_n bespeak_v his_o goth_n it_o can_v be_v say_v he_o it_o can_v possible_o be_v i_o say_v that_o they_o that_o use_v violence_n and_o injustice_n shall_v gain_v honour_n in_o battle_n sed_fw-la prout_fw-la vita_fw-la cuique_fw-la est_fw-la 2._o lib._n 2._o ita_fw-la ei_fw-la obtingit_fw-la belli_fw-la fortuna_fw-la but_o according_a to_o every_o man_n life_n so_o be_v his_o fortune_n in_o the_o war._n it_o be_v therefore_o well_o advise_v by_o agathias_n injustice_n and_o the_o contempt_n of_o god_n be_v at_o all_o time_n to_o be_v abhor_v as_o dangerous_a but_o then_o most_o when_o the_o fortune_n of_o the_o war_n be_v to_o be_v determine_v by_o a_o battle_n we_o the_o good_a success_n of_o wicked_a design_n shall_v not_o discourage_v we_o neither_o shall_v any_o man_n be_v discourage_v by_o reason_n of_o the_o prosperous_a success_n of_o some_o wicked_a design_n for_o it_o suffice_v that_o the_o righteousness_n of_o the_o cause_n have_v a_o very_a great_a efficacy_n to_o excite_v valour_n and_o stir_v up_o to_o action_n although_o that_o power_n as_o it_o often_o fall_v out_o in_o humane_a affair_n be_v sometime_o hinder_v and_o frustrate_v in_o its_o effect_n by_o the_o intervention_n or_o opposition_n of_o some_o other_o cause_n beside_o the_o opinion_n that_o man_n have_v that_o the_o war_n be_v neither_o rash_o begin_v nor_o unjust_o manage_v be_v very_o prevalent_a to_o contract_v friendship_n whereby_o as_o private_a man_n so_o nation_n and_o kingdom_n reap_v infinite_a advantage_n for_o no_o man_n will_v willing_o associate_v himself_o with_o those_o friend_n the_o justice_n of_o our_o cause_n sometime_o beget_v friend_n who_o have_v no_o regard_n to_o justice_n to_o piety_n to_o fidelity_n now_o upon_o the_o reason_n above_o recite_v conclude_v with_o myself_o that_o there_o be_v a_o certain_a law_n common_a among_o nation_n guide_v they_o as_o well_o to_o as_o in_o the_o war_n work_n the_o author_n motive_n to_o undertake_v this_o work_n i_o have_v many_o and_o those_o very_a weighty_a motive_n that_o induce_v i_o to_o compile_v this_o treatise_n of_o it_o for_o i_o very_o well_o see_v throughout_o the_o christian_a world_n so_o great_a a_o licence_n of_o make_v war_n and_o of_o run_v into_o arm_n upon_o every_o light_a cause_n and_o sometime_o upon_o none_o at_o all_o that_o even_o the_o barbarian_n will_v have_v be_v ashamed_a to_o have_v own_v it_o war_n 1._o a_o general_a licence_n in_o make_v war_n and_o also_o that_o arm_n be_v once_o take_v up_o there_o be_v no_o reverence_n at_o all_o have_v to_o law_n either_o divine_a or_o humane_a but_o just_a as_o if_o some_o fury_n have_v be_v send_v out_o to_o kill_v and_o destroy_v restraint_n and_o in_o manage_v it_o without_o restraint_n so_o war_n be_v begin_v a_o general_a licence_n be_v grant_v to_o work_v all_o manner_n of_o mischief_n whatsoever_o the_o consideration_n of_o which_o barbarous_a cruelty_n give_v occasion_n to_o many_o man_n not_o evil_a to_o teach_v that_o it_o be_v not_o lawful_a for_o a_o christian_a who_o religion_n principal_o consist_v in_o promote_a love_n and_o charity_n among_o all_o man_n to_o take_v arm_n with_o who_o ferus_fw-la and_o our_o countryman_n erasmus_n seem_v sometime_o to_o accord_v both_o of_o they_o be_v great_a lover_n of_o peace_n ferus_fw-la erasmus_n &_o jo._n ferus_fw-la ecclesiastical_a and_o civil_a but_o as_o i_o suppose_v with_o that_o intent_n only_o as_o we_o usual_o have_v when_o we_o bend_v a_o stick_n in_o itself_o crooked_a so_o far_o to_o the_o other_o side_n as_o may_v probable_o upon_o its_o return_n make_v it_o straight_o but_o this_o very_a design_n of_o too_o much_o contradiction_n be_v so_o far_o from_o do_v good_a that_o it_o do_v much_o hurt_v because_o that_o we_o may_v easy_o perceive_v that_o their_o urge_n of_o these_o thing_n too_o far_o do_v detract_v from_o their_o authority_n in_o other_o thing_n though_o haply_o true_a we_o ought_v therefore_o to_o moderate_v between_o these_o two_o as_o well_o that_o all_o thing_n may_v not_o be_v admit_v to_o be_v lawful_a in_o war_n as_o that_o nothing_o moreover_o another_o design_n i_o have_v namely_o law_n 2._o motive_n to_o promote_v learning_n especial_o in_o the_o law_n that_o be_v unworthy_o banish_v my_o own_o country_n which_o with_o so_o many_o of_o my_o labour_n i_o have_v honour_v i_o may_v promote_v now_o by_o my_o private_a study_n the_o knowledge_n of_o the_o law_n which_o heretofore_o i_o practise_v in_o public_a office_n with_o as_o much_o integrity_n as_o i_o possible_o can_v many_o have_v endeavour_v heretofore_o to_o reduce_v this_o into_o the_o form_n of_o a_o art_n but_o none_o as_o yet_o have_v do_v it_o neither_o indeed_o can_v it_o be_v do_v unless_o what_o no_o man_n have_v yet_o take_v sufficient_a care_n of_o those_o law_n which_o be_v establish_v by_o humane_a authority_n be_v right_o separate_v from_o those_o that_o be_v natural_a for_o the_o law_n of_o nature_n be_v always_o the_o same_o may_v easy_o be_v collect_v into_o a_o art_n but_o those_o that_o arise_v by_o constitution_n see_v that_o they_o be_v both_o often_o change_v and_o be_v also_o diverse_a in_o diverse_a nation_n be_v put_v without_o art_n as_o the_o collection_n of_o such_o thing_n as_o be_v singular_a but_o if_o the_o doctor_n of_o true_a justice_n will_v but_o undertake_v to_o treat_v of_o the_o part_n of_o natural_a and_o perpetual_a jurisprudence_n set_v aside_o what_o have_v its_o rise_n from_o the_o freedom_n of_o the_o will_n so_o that_o one_o will_v treat_v of_o law_n another_o of_o tribute_n another_o of_o the_o office_n of_o a_o judge_n another_o of_o the_o conjecture_n of_o will_n and_o another_o of_o the_o proof_n of_o matter_n of_o fact_n then_o by_o a_o collection_n of_o all_o these_o part_n a_o body_n may_v be_v compose_v but_o what_o method_n we_o think_v fit_a to_o use_v method_n the_o author_n method_n we_o have_v show_v rather_o in_o deed_n than_o word_n in_o this_o treatise_n which_o contain_v that_o part_n of_o jurisprudence_n which_o be_v by_o far_o the_o most_o noble_a for_o in_o the_o first_o book_n book_n the_o subject_a of_o the_o first_o book_n have_v discover_v the_o original_a of_o right_n we_o have_v handle_v this_o general_a question_n whether_o there_o be_v any_o war_n that_o be_v lawful_a and_o next_o to_o the_o end_n that_o the_o difference_n between_o a_o public_a and_o private_a war_n may_v be_v the_o more_o easy_o discover_v we_o think_v fit_a to_o explain_v the_o just_a right_n of_o the_o supreme_a power_n what_o people_n may_v have_v it_o and_o what_o king_n and_o which_o of_o these_o have_v it_o either_o full_o or_o in_o part_n only_o and_o again_o which_o of_o they_o may_v have_v it_o with_o a_o power_n of_o alienation_n and_o which_o otherwise_o and_o then_o we_o be_v to_o speak_v of_o the_o duty_n of_o subject_n towards_o their_o lawful_a prince_n or_o to_o their_o superior_n our_o second_o book_n second_o of_o the_o second_o undertake_v to_o expound_v all_o the_o cause_n from_o whence_o a_o war_n may_v arise_v show_v at_o large_a what_o thing_n be_v common_a and_o what_o private_a what_o right_a person_n may_v have_v over_o person_n what_o obligation_n arise_v from_o dominion_n by_o what_o rule_n kingly_a succession_n be_v guide_v what_o right_o arise_v from_o covenant_n and_o contract_n what_o interpretation_n be_v to_o be_v make_v of_o league_n what_o force_n and_o what_o interpretation_n be_v to_o be_v make_v of_o oath_n both_o public_a and_o private_a what_o may_v be_v due_a for_o damage_n do_v what_o sanctimony_n be_v due_a to_o ambassador_n what_o right_o to_o bury_v the_o dead_a and_o what_o the_o nature_n of_o punishment_n be_v and_o the_o like_a our_o three_o book_n treat_v of_o that_o which_o be_v in_o war_n lawful_a three_o of_o the_o three_o and_o have_v distinguish_v between_o that_o which_o be_v not_o punishable_a or_o that_o which_o among_o foreign_a nation_n be_v defend_v as_o lawful_a and_o between_o that_o which_o be_v altogether_o blameless_a descend_v
christian_n who_o will_v espouse_v no_o sect_n of_o philosopher_n not_o that_o they_o be_v of_o their_o opinion_n who_o hold_v that_o nothing_o can_v be_v know_v than_o which_o nothing_o can_v be_v more_o absurd_a but_o that_o there_o be_v no_o sect_n that_o can_v discern_v all_o truth_n nor_o any_o but_o what_o hold_v something_o that_o be_v true_a wherefore_o to_o collect_v truth_n thus_o scatter_v and_o through_o so_o many_o sect_n disperse_v into_o one_o body_n this_o they_o conceive_v to_o be_v nothing_o else_o but_o to_o deliver_v a_o doctrine_n true_o christian_n thus_o think_v justin_n martyr_n as_o appear_v by_o the_o first_o of_o his_o apologetick_n the_o doctrine_n of_o plato_n be_v not_o much_o different_a from_o those_o of_o christ_n nor_o be_v they_o altogether_o the_o same_o so_o neither_o be_v the_o opinion_n of_o the_o stoic_n poet_n or_o historian_n for_o every_o one_o of_o they_o have_v some_o impress_n of_o reason_n see_v in_o part_n what_o be_v consentaneous_a thereunto_o and_o so_o far_o they_o say_v what_o be_v right_a for_o those_o very_a manner_n 3._o ep._n 96._o de_fw-fr ver_fw-la rel_n c._n 3._o say_v st._n augustin_n which_o cicero_n and_o other_o philosopher_n so_o high_o commend_v be_v both_o teach_v and_o learn_v in_o all_o our_o church_n now_o flourish_v through_o the_o world_n and_o in_o another_o place_n speak_v of_o the_o platonist_n 11._o de_fw-fr conf._n l._n 7._o c._n 9_o lib._n 8._o c._n 11._o he_o say_v that_o some_o few_o thing_n be_v correct_v they_o may_v pass_v for_o christian_n it_o be_v not_o without_o cause_n that_o some_o of_o the_o platonist_n and_o ancient_a christian_n dissent_v from_o aristotle_n in_o this_o that_o he_o place_v the_o very_a nature_n of_o virtue_n in_o a_o mediocrity_n of_o affection_n and_o action_n which_o be_v thus_o place_v drive_v he_o to_o this_o that_o he_o compact_a two_o several_a virtue_n namely_o liberality_n and_o parsimony_n into_o one_o and_o give_v unto_o truth_n two_o opposite_n not_o equal_o distant_a from_o it_o namely_o vain-boasting_a and_o dissimulation_n and_o impose_v the_o name_n of_o vice_n upon_o some_o thing_n either_o not_o exist_v or_o which_o of_o themselves_o be_v no_o vice_n as_o the_o contempt_n of_o pleasure_n and_o honour_n and_o a_o vacuity_n of_o anger_n against_o man_n but_o that_o this_o foundation_n of_o he_o if_o take_v universal_o be_v not_o right_o lay_v will_v appear_v even_o from_o justice_n itself_o who_o opposite_n be_v too_o much_o or_o too_o little_a when_o he_o can_v not_o find_v in_o the_o affection_n and_o their_o subsequent_a action_n he_o be_v enforce_v to_o seek_v for_o both_o in_o the_o very_a thing_n themselves_o about_o which_o justice_n be_v conversant_a which_o very_o thing_n be_v in_o the_o first_o place_n to_o leap_v from_o one_o genus_fw-la to_o another_o which_o he_o deserve_o blame_v in_o other_o and_o in_o the_o next_o place_n to_o receive_v less_o than_o what_o be_v our_o due_n may_v have_v somewhat_o of_o vice_n adhere_v unto_o it_o as_o circumstance_n may_v happen_v for_o it_o may_v be_v that_o what_o any_o man_n so_o abate_v he_o may_v owe_v to_o the_o relief_n of_o either_o himself_o or_o of_o his_o relation_n but_o certain_o it_o can_v be_v repugnant_a to_o justice_n which_o whole_o consist_v in_o abstain_v from_o what_o be_v another_o man_n such_o another_o fallacy_n be_v this_o that_o he_o will_v not_o have_v adultery_n proceed_v from_o lust_n and_o murder_n proceed_v from_o anger_n to_o belong_v proper_o to_o injustice_n whereas_o notwithstanding_o injustice_n be_v nothing_o else_o but_o the_o detention_n of_o another_o man_n right_a whether_o out_o of_o lust_n or_o out_o of_o anger_n or_o out_o of_o a_o unadvised_a charity_n or_o out_o of_o a_o ambition_n or_o vainglory_n from_o whence_o the_o great_a injury_n do_v usual_o arise_v it_o matter_n not_o for_o to_o trample_v upon_o all_o temptation_n whatsoever_o rather_o than_o to_o dissolve_v humane_a society_n this_o true_o be_v the_o proper_a work_n of_o justice_n but_o to_o return_v from_o whence_o we_o come_v true_a it_o be_v that_o to_o some_o virtue_n affection_n some_o virtue_n require_v the_o moderation_n of_o our_o affection_n it_o fall_v out_o so_o that_o the_o affection_n must_v be_v moderate_v but_o not_o because_o it_o be_v proper_a and_o perpetual_a to_o all_o virtue_n that_o they_o shall_v be_v so_o but_o because_o right_a reason_n whereupon_o virtue_n always_o and_o every_o where_o attend_v do_v in_o some_o prescribe_v a_o measure_n to_o be_v follow_v not_z other_o not_z whereas_o in_o other_o it_o excite_v to_o the_o high_a degree_n of_o what_o we_o can_v do_v it_o be_v well_o say_v of_o agathias_n 5._o lib._n 5._o of_o the_o motion_n of_o the_o mind_n those_o be_v simple_o and_o altogether_o to_o be_v embrace_v in_o which_o that_o which_o be_v agreeable_a to_o our_o duty_n and_o worthy_a our_o choice_n be_v sound_a and_o sincere_a but_o in_o those_o which_o may_v haply_o decline_v unto_o evil_n we_o must_v not_o simple_o and_o absolute_o follow_v but_o so_o far_o only_o as_o be_v convenient_a prudence_n be_v a_o pure_a and_o uncorrupted_a good_a which_o none_o will_v deny_v in_o anger_n that_o which_o stir_v we_o up_o to_o action_n be_v commendable_a but_o that_o which_o exceed_v moderation_n to_o be_v avoid_v as_o be_v damagable_a love_v god_n too_o much_o we_o can_v for_o superstition_n sin_v not_o in_o this_o that_o it_o worship_v god_n too_o much_o but_o in_o that_o it_o worship_v he_o perverse_o neither_o can_v we_o be_v say_v excessive_o to_o desire_v thing_n that_o be_v good_a and_o that_o be_v eternal_a or_o excessive_o to_o fear_v those_o torment_n which_o be_v everlasting_a nor_o too_o much_o to_o hate_v sin_n it_o be_v therefore_o true_o say_v of_o gellius_n some_o thing_n there_o be_v of_o so_o vast_a extent_n that_o they_o will_v admit_v of_o no_o bound_n or_o moderation_n and_o that_o be_v so_o much_o the_o more_o praiseworthy_a as_o they_o be_v great_a and_o large_a lactantius_n when_o he_o have_v large_o discourse_v of_o the_o affection_n say_v non_fw-la in_o his_o moderandis_fw-la sapientiae_fw-la ratio_fw-la versatur_fw-la etc._n etc._n true_a wisdom_n consist_v not_o in_o the_o moderation_n of_o these_o but_o in_o the_o cause_n of_o they_o because_o these_o be_v move_v by_o some_o thing_n that_o be_v without_o we_o neither_o shall_v a_o restraint_n be_v put_v principal_o upon_o they_o because_o they_o may_v be_v but_o small_a in_o the_o great_a crime_n and_o they_o may_v be_v very_o great_a without_o any_o crime_n our_o purpose_n be_v to_o magnify_v aristotle_n treatise_n history_n have_v a_o twofold_a use_n in_o this_o treatise_n but_o with_o the_o same_o freedom_n as_o he_o himself_o take_v against_o his_o master_n in_o favour_n to_o truth_n history_n have_v a_o double_a use_n as_o to_o the_o matter_n in_o hand_n for_o it_o supply_v we_o with_o example_n and_o judgement_n in_o most_o case_n as_o for_o example_n the_o better_a the_o time_n and_o the_o people_n be_v the_o great_a be_v their_o authority_n for_o which_o reason_n we_o make_v choice_n of_o the_o ancient_a grecian_n and_o roman_n rather_o than_o of_o other_o neither_o do_v i_o despise_v their_o judgement_n especial_o when_o they_o agree_v for_o the_o law_n of_o nature_n as_o we_o have_v say_v be_v in_o some_o measure_n from_o hence_o prove_v but_o the_o law_n of_o nation_n can_v be_v prove_v otherwise_o the_o opinion_n and_o sentence_n of_o poet_n and_o orator_n be_v not_o of_o so_o great_a authority_n but_o yet_o we_o sometime_o make_v use_n of_o they_o not_o so_o much_o because_o we_o count_v they_o authentic_a or_o authoritative_a but_o rather_o as_o ornament_n to_o confirm_v what_o otherwise_o we_o do_v prove_v scripture_n the_o holy_a scripture_n of_o the_o authority_n of_o such_o book_n as_o holy_a man_n by_o the_o afflate_v of_o god_n spirit_n have_v write_v or_o approve_v we_o often_o make_v use_n yet_o with_o some_o difference_n between_o the_o old_a and_o new_a testament_n the_o former_a be_v by_o some_o quote_v for_o the_o very_a law_n of_o nature_n but_o without_o doubt_n erroneous_o for_o many_o thing_n therein_o do_v proceed_v from_o the_o freewill_n and_o pleasure_n of_o god_n nature_n not_o repugnant_a to_o the_o law_n of_o nature_n which_o notwithstanding_o be_v no_o whit_n repugnant_a to_o the_o truth_n of_o the_o law_n of_o nature_n and_o so_o far_o argument_n may_v be_v right_o draw_v from_o thence_o so_o that_o we_o careful_o distinguish_v that_o law_n of_o god_n which_o god_n by_o man_n do_v sometime_o execute_v and_o that_o which_o man_n execute_v among_o themselves_o we_o have_v as_o near_o as_o we_o can_v avoid_v both_o this_o error_n and_o another_o contrary_n unto_o it_o which_o be_v publish_v the_o old_a testament_n not_o useless_a since_o the_o new_a be_v publish_v that_o after_o the_o time_n of_o the_o
king_n serve_v god_n according_a to_o his_o command_n as_o king_n when_o they_o encourage_v virtue_n and_o depress_v vice_n not_o only_o in_o thing_n appertain_v to_o humane_a society_n but_o in_o thing_n appertain_v also_o to_o the_o worship_n of_o god_n and_o so_o in_o another_o place_n how_o say_v he_o do_v king_n serve_v the_o lord_n in_o fear_n 50._o ad_fw-la bonif._n ep._n 50._o unless_o it_o be_v in_o prohibit_v and_o by_o a_o religious_a austerity_n punish_v all_o manner_n of_o impiety_n for_o to_o serve_v god_n as_o a_o man_n be_v one_o thing_n but_o to_o serve_v he_o as_o a_o king_n be_v another_o and_o a_o little_a after_o herein_o do_v king_n serve_v god_n as_o king_n when_o in_o zeal_n to_o his_o service_n they_o do_v those_o thing_n which_o none_o can_v do_v but_o king_n arg._n 2_o the_o second_o argument_n whereby_o we_o prove_v that_o all_o war_n be_v not_o unlawful_a be_v draw_v from_o that_o place_n of_o st_n paul_n before_o cite_v in_o the_o 13_o to_o the_o roman_n 13._o rom._n 13._o where_o it_o be_v say_v that_o the_o high_a power_n and_o such_o be_v those_o of_o king_n be_v ordain_v of_o god_n and_o that_o power_n be_v therefore_o call_v god_n ordinance_n paul_n kingly_a government_n assert_v by_o st._n paul_n from_o whence_o we_o infer_v the_o necessity_n of_o our_o subjection_n together_o with_o that_o honour_n and_o reverence_n we_o owe_v unto_o they_o and_o that_o not_o so_o much_o out_o of_o fear_n regard_v the_o power_n they_o have_v to_o hurt_v and_o punish_v as_o out_o of_o conscience_n as_o it_o be_v god_n ordinance_n and_o out_o of_o a_o strong_a persuasion_n that_o in_o resist_v it_o we_o resist_v god_n himself_o now_o if_o the_o thing_n understand_v by_o the_o word_n ordinance_n be_v only_o that_o which_o god_n permit_v and_o will_v not_o hinder_v as_o all_o action_n that_o be_v vicious_a then_o will_v there_o follow_v no_o obligation_n of_o honour_n or_o obedience_n especial_o that_o extend_v to_o the_o conscience_n and_o therefore_o the_o apostle_n whole_a argument_n will_v instant_o fall_v to_o nothing_o who_o main_a scope_n be_v to_o extol_v this_o regal_a power_n which_o if_o wicked_a he_o can_v never_o do_v but_o by_o the_o same_o argument_n he_o may_v as_o well_o have_v commend_v theft_n and_o robbery_n it_o must_v necessary_o follow_v then_o that_o by_o this_o ordain_a power_n we_o understand_v such_o a_o power_n as_o god_n do_v especial_o approve_v 〈◊〉_d and_o then_o we_o may_v safe_o infer_v that_o see_v that_o god_n can_v will_v thing_n contrary_a to_o â—â—mself_n that_o this_o power_n be_v no_o way_n repugnant_a to_o that_o will_n of_o god_n which_o be_v reveal_v in_o the_o gospel_n and_o which_o oblige_v all_o man_n to_o honour_n and_o obedience_n neither_o do_v it_o at_o all_o weaken_v the_o force_n of_o this_o argument_n that_o at_o that_o time_n when_o st._n paul_n write_v all_o king_n and_o prince_n be_v stranger_n to_o the_o christian_a faith_n for_o in_o the_o first_o place_n this_o be_v not_o universal_o true_a for_o even_o at_o that_o time_n sergius_n paulus_n be_v propraetor_n of_o cyprus_n have_v give_v up_o his_o name_n to_o christ_n long_v before_o acts._n 13.12_o 13.12_o act._n 13.12_o beside_o this_o dispute_n be_v not_o concern_v person_n whether_o pious_a or_o impious_a but_o concern_v the_o kingly_a function_n whether_o it_o be_v ordain_v of_o god_n or_o usurp_v by_o man_n which_o st._n paul_n seem_v here_o to_o determine_v plain_o assert_v that_o ordinance_n to_o be_v from_o god_n and_o thereupon_o conclude_v that_o it_o ought_v to_o be_v honour_v and_o obey_v and_o that_o not_o outward_o only_o for_o fear_n but_o even_o in_o the_o inmost_a recess_n of_o the_o mind_n where_o god_n alone_o do_v proper_o reign_v christianity_n then_o do_v not_o abolish_v sovereignty_n nero_n and_o agrippa_n though_o they_o have_v receive_v this_o faith_n yet_o have_v still_o remain_v the_o one_o a_o emperor_n the_o other_o a_o king_n which_o necessary_o infer_v the_o power_n of_o the_o sword_n for_o as_o under_o the_o law_n the_o sacrifice_n be_v repute_v holy_a citatum_fw-la see_v chrysost_n in_o locum_fw-la supra_fw-la citatum_fw-la though_o offer_v by_o hophni_n and_o phineas_n priest_n unholy_a so_o pia_fw-la res_fw-la est_fw-la imperium_fw-la quamvis_fw-la ab_fw-la impio_fw-la teneatur_fw-la the_o function_n be_v sacred_a 〈◊〉_d though_o the_o person_n be_v never_o so_o wicked_a saul_n be_v anoint_v king_n as_o well_o as_o david_n arg._n 3_o a_o three_o argument_n be_v draw_v from_o the_o word_n of_o st._n john_n the_o baptist_n who_o be_v demand_v by_o the_o jewish_a soldier_n what_o they_o shall_v do_v to_o flee_v from_o the_o wrath_n to_o come_v do_v not_o command_v they_o present_o to_o lay_v down_o their_o arm_n and_o desert_n their_o call_n though_o they_o fight_v then_o under_o the_o roman_a banner_n as_o in_o all_o probability_n they_o will_v have_v do_v have_v it_o be_v contrary_a to_o the_o christian_a law_n to_o make_v war_n but_o allow_v their_o call_n he_o only_o labour_v to_o reform_v the_o abuse_n of_o it_o exhort_v they_o to_o abstain_v from_o act_n of_o unlawful_a violence_n and_o from_o false_a accuse_v and_o to_o rest_v content_a with_o their_o wage_n luk._n 3.14_o 3.14_o luke_n 3.14_o but_o here_o some_o object_n that_o there_o be_v so_o great_a a_o difference_n between_o the_o precept_n of_o christ_n and_o the_o prescription_n of_o the_o baptist_n that_o the_o baptist_n seem_v to_o preach_v one_o doctrine_n and_o christ_n another_o but_o this_o we_o can_v admit_v first_o because_o both_o of_o they_o declare_v the_o sum_n and_o substance_n of_o the_o doctrine_n they_o intend_v to_o preach_v in_o the_o same_o word_n repent_v for_o the_o kingdom_n of_o heaven_n be_v at_o hand_n so_o begin_v the_o baptist_n mat._n 3.2_o and_o so_o christ_n mat._n 4.17_o and_o christ_n himself_o say_v the_o kingdom_n of_o heaven_n that_o be_v the_o new_a law_n for_o it_o be_v the_o manner_n of_o the_o hebrew_n kingdom_n the_o jew_n call_v their_o law_n kingdom_n to_o call_v their_o law_n by_o the_o name_n of_o kingdom_n begin_v to_o suffer_v violence_n from_o the_o day_n of_o john_n the_o baptist_n mat._n 11.12_o john_n be_v say_v to_o preach_v repentance_n for_o the_o remission_n of_o sin_n mark_v 1.4_o so_o do_v the_o apostle_n in_o the_o name_n of_o christ_n act_v 2.38_o john_n require_v fruit_n worthy_a of_o repentance_n and_o threaten_v destruction_n to_o those_o that_o do_v not_o produce_v they_o matth._n 3.8_o 10._o he_o require_v also_o work_v of_o charity_n beyond_o the_o law_n luke_n 3.11_o the_o law_n also_o be_v say_v to_o continue_v till_o the_o day_n of_o john_n that_o be_v until_o the_o new_a and_o more_o perfect_a law_n shall_v with_o he_o begin_v mat._n 11.13_o and_o for_o this_o cause_n it_o be_v that_o john_n be_v say_v to_o be_v prophetis_fw-la major_a great_a than_o the_o prophet_n mat._n 11.9_o luk._n 7.26_o and_o that_o he_o be_v send_v to_o give_v knowledge_n of_o salvation_n unto_o the_o people_n luk._n 2.77_o and_o to_o preach_v the_o gospel_n 3.16_o act_n 19.4_o joh._n 1.29_o mat._n 3.11_o mat._n 1.8_o luk._n 3.16_o luk._n 2.18_o neither_o do_v john_n ever_o distinguish_v jesus_n from_o himself_o by_o any_o difference_n that_o there_o be_v in_o their_o doctrine_n but_o only_o thus_o that_o what_o john_n declare_v general_o and_o confuse_o be_v more_o distinct_o deliver_v by_o christ_n who_o be_v the_o true_a light_n but_o by_o this_o that_o jesus_n be_v the_o messiah_n that_o be_v promise_v the_o king_n of_o a_o heavenly_a kingdom_n who_o shall_v give_v the_o power_n of_o the_o holy_a ghost_n to_o those_o who_o shall_v believe_v on_o he_o the_o four_o argument_n and_o which_o seem_v to_o i_o of_o no_o small_a force_n be_v this_o that_o if_o by_o the_o arg._n 4_o gospel_n alâ—_n power_n be_v take_v away_o from_o the_o magistrate_n to_o execute_v capital_a punishment_n follow_v a_o argument_n â—â—â—â—r_fw-mi â—â—om_fw-mi 〈◊〉_d conâ—â—ouâ—â—_n 〈◊〉_d tâ—â—t_n â—ou_fw-mi â—_o follow_v together_o with_o that_o of_o the_o sword_n to_o defend_v their_o subject_n from_o thief_n and_o robber_n how_o soon_o will_v the_o christian_a world_n be_v overrun_v with_o rapine_n and_o violence_n and_o what_o a_o deluge_n of_o wickedness_n of_o all_o sort_n will_v break_v in_o upon_o we_o that_o this_o must_v needs_o be_v the_o consequence_n we_o shall_v easy_o grant_v if_o we_o either_o remember_v what_o sad_a effect_n this_o remissness_n bring_v upon_o the_o old_a world_n or_o if_o we_o do_v but_o observe_v how_o hardly_o these_o sin_n of_o rapine_n cruelty_n and_o the_o like_a be_v restrain_v now_o even_o by_o capital_a punishment_n for_o the_o suppress_n whereof_o tribunal_n law_n and_o so_o many_o kind_n and_o degree_n of_o punishment_n be_v invent_v say_v chryso_v in_o serm_n ad_fw-la patrem_fw-la fidelem_fw-la wherefore_o if_o christ_n
eris_fw-la it_o be_v the_o duty_n of_o a_o priest_n to_o intercede_v for_o the_o guilty_a say_v aug._n and_o there_o be_v a_o right_n introduce_v by_o custom_n that_o they_o that_o flee_v to_o the_o altar_n for_o sanctuary_n be_v not_o to_o be_v deliver_v up_o until_o faith_n be_v give_v for_o the_o save_n of_o their_o life_n and_o that_o such_o as_o be_v for_o misdemeanour_n deliver_v to_o prison_n shall_v at_o easter_n be_v free_o release_v but_o he_o that_o thorough_o perpend_v these_o and_o such_o like_a custom_n shall_v find_v that_o they_o proceed_v rather_o from_o mind_n full_o fraught_v with_o christian_a charity_n which_o watch_v all_o opportunity_n and_o occasion_n to_o do_v good_a than_o from_o mind_n quarrel_v at_o the_o equity_n of_o capital_a punishment_n whence_o it_o be_v that_o the_o privilege_n of_o those_o time_n and_o place_n yea_o and_o the_o very_a intercession_n themselves_o be_v moderate_v with_o some_o exception_n as_o we_o may_v learn_v by_o cassiodore_n but_o here_o some_o will_v object_v against_o we_o the_o 12_o canon_n of_o the_o council_n of_o nice_a council_n lib._n 11._o c._n 40._o 12_o can._n of_o nicen_n council_n which_o sound_v to_o this_o sense_n if_o any_o be_v by_o the_o grace_n of_o god_n call_v shall_v first_o express_v their_o faith_n by_o desert_v the_o war_n and_o afterward_o return_v to_o their_o vomit_n shall_v by_o money_n or_o favour_n seek_v to_o be_v readmit_v into_o the_o war_n these_o after_o the_o three_o year_n allow_v they_o to_o hear_v the_o word_n shall_v remain_v among_o the_o penitential_o for_o ten_o year_n but_o in_o this_o case_n a_o strict_a observation_n must_v be_v take_v how_o such_o person_n stand_v affect_v and_o what_o fruit_n of_o repentance_n they_o bring_v forth_o for_o whosoever_o among_o they_o shall_v show_v forth_o their_o sincere_a conversion_n by_o fear_n by_o tear_n by_o patience_n and_o good_a work_n without_o dissimulation_n these_o fulfil_n their_o three_o year_n of_o hear_v shall_v at_o length_n communicate_v in_o prayer_n and_o afterward_o it_o shall_v be_v lawful_a for_o the_o bishop_n to_o deal_v more_o tender_o with_o they_o but_o if_o any_o of_o they_o shall_v bear_v it_o but_o indifferent_o and_o shall_v think_v that_o their_o very_a entrance_n into_o the_o church_n be_v sufficient_a these_o shall_v fulfil_v their_o whole_a time_n whereunto_o i_o answer_v that_o by_o the_o time_n of_o 13_o year_n penance_n we_o may_v collect_v that_o the_o sin_n be_v neither_o small_a nor_o dubious_a for_o so_o great_a a_o punishment_n must_v needs_o be_v inflict_v for_o some_o crime_n that_o be_v both_o to_o god_n abominable_a and_o to_o all_o good_a man_n scandalous_a which_o without_o question_n be_v idolatry_n for_o the_o word_n precede_v in_o the_o elventh_fw-mi canon_n do_v manifest_o refer_v we_o to_o the_o time_n of_o licinius_n which_o give_v a_o very_a great_a light_n to_o the_o understanding_n of_o the_o sense_n of_o this_o canon_n this_o licinius_n as_o eusebius_n relate_v in_o his_o war_n against_o constantine_n 8._o hist_o eccl._n â—_o 10._o c._n 8._o first_o turn_v all_o christian_n out_o of_o their_o house_n and_o make_v sale_n of_o their_o good_n then_o draw_v out_o all_o the_o christian_a soldier_n and_o officer_n both_o out_o of_o his_o army_n and_o city_n from_o the_o rest_n and_o then_o command_v that_o unless_o they_o will_v of_o their_o own_o accord_n sacrifice_n to_o devil_n they_o shall_v all_o of_o they_o be_v cashier_v from_o their_o office_n which_o fact_n of_o his_o be_v afterward_o imitate_v by_o julian_n whereupon_o many_o renounce_v their_o command_n and_o among_o they_o one_o victricius_n so_o do_v 1104_o more_o in_o armenia_n under_o dioclesian_n concern_v who_o there_o be_v honourable_a mention_n make_v in_o our_o martyrology_n and_o so_o in_o egypt_n do_v menna_n and_o hesychius_n so_o also_o in_o the_o time_n of_o licivius_fw-la do_v many_o renounce_v their_o command_n among_o who_o be_v arsacius_n mention_v among_o the_o confessor_n and_o one_o auxentius_n afterward_o make_v bishop_n of_o mopsuestia_n now_o they_o that_o out_o of_o tenderness_n of_o conscience_n have_v former_o renounce_v their_o command_n have_v no_o possible_a mean_n to_o be_v readmit_v under_o licinius_n but_o by_o a_o public_a abjuration_n of_o the_o christian_a faith_n wherefore_o as_o they_o that_o be_v so_o admit_v commit_v much_o the_o great_a sin_n be_v against_o knowledge_n and_o conscience_n so_o they_o deserve_v a_o much_o great_a punishment_n than_o those_o mention_v in_o the_o forego_n word_n of_o the_o canon_n namely_o that_o without_o any_o danger_n either_o of_o life_n or_o good_n have_v renounce_v their_o christianity_n but_o to_o interpret_v this_o canon_n so_o general_o as_o if_o it_o comprehend_v all_o manner_n of_o go_v to_o war_n be_v infinite_o against_o reason_n for_o the_o same_o historian_n testify_v that_o many_o of_o they_o that_o under_o licinius_n have_v lay_v down_o their_o arm_n and_o whilst_o licinius_n reign_v do_v never_o reassume_v they_o because_o they_o will_v not_o abjure_v their_o faith_n in_o christ_n be_v by_o constantine_n leave_v to_o their_o own_o choice_n be_v upon_o their_o request_n readmit_v there_o be_v likewise_o that_o urge_v against_o we_o the_o epistle_n of_o pope_n leo_n where_o it_o be_v say_v to_o be_v against_o the_o ecclesiastical_a canon_n to_o return_v into_o a_o secular_a war_n after_o the_o act_n of_o repentance_n but_o here_o we_o must_v understand_v that_o from_o penitentiaries_n as_o well_o as_o from_o priest_n and_o monk_n there_o be_v require_v a_o more_o strict_a and_o austere_a course_n of_o life_n than_o what_o be_v require_v from_o other_o christian_n that_o they_o may_v be_v as_o great_a example_n to_o other_o of_o contrition_n and_o humiliation_n as_o they_o have_v be_v before_o of_o prevarication_n for_o as_o leo_n well_o observe_v illicitorum_fw-la veniam_fw-la postulantem_fw-la oportet_fw-la etiam_fw-la multis_fw-la licitis_fw-la abstinere_fw-la it_o be_v but_o just_a that_o he_o that_o beg_v pardon_n for_o his_o unlawful_a act_n shall_v abstain_v from_o some_o thing_n otherwise_o lawful_a so_o in_o a_o epistle_n write_v by_o some_o bishop_n to_o king_n lewis_n we_o read_v quilibet_fw-la tanto_fw-la à _fw-la se_fw-la licita_fw-la debet_fw-la abscindere_fw-la quantò_fw-la se_fw-la meminit_fw-la &_o illicita_fw-la perpetrasse_fw-la every_o man_n ought_v so_o far_o to_o abridge_v himself_o of_o thing_n lawful_a by_o how_o much_o he_o remember_v that_o he_o have_v commit_v some_o thing_n unlawful_a so_o in_o those_o ancient_a custom_n of_o the_o church_n which_o to_o gain_v the_o great_a reverence_n be_v commend_v unto_o we_o under_o the_o name_n of_o the_o apostle_n canon_n it_o be_v decree_v that_o no_o bishop_n priest_n or_o deacon_n shall_v addict_v himself_o to_o the_o war_n so_o as_o to_o retain_v the_o dignity_n of_o both_o function_n both_o civil_a and_o sacerdotal_a but_o leave_v unto_o caesar_n the_o thing_n that_o be_v caesar_n they_o shall_v give_v unto_o god_n the_o thing_n that_o be_v go_n whereby_o it_o appear_v that_o they_o who_o be_v not_o think_v worthy_a to_o be_v admit_v to_o ecclesiastical_a dignity_n be_v not_o interdict_v those_o that_o be_v military_a with_o this_o also_o that_o none_o who_o after_o baptism_n have_v obtain_v any_o office_n civil_a or_o military_a can_v be_v admit_v into_o the_o clergy_n as_o may_v also_o be_v collect_v from_o the_o several_a epistle_n of_o syncius_n innocentius_n and_o from_o the_o toledan_a council_n for_o clergy_n man_n be_v not_o choose_v out_o of_o any_o sort_n of_o christian_n but_o out_o of_o such_o as_o be_v likely_a to_o be_v exemplary_a unto_o other_o in_o austerity_n of_o life_n and_o manner_n beside_o upon_o military_a officer_n as_o also_o upon_o some_o civil_a magistrate_n there_o lie_v a_o perpetual_a obligation_n but_o such_o as_o put_v themselves_o into_o holy_a order_n ought_v not_o to_o be_v entangle_v with_o any_o other_o care_n nor_o divert_v by_o any_o other_o daily_a labour_n for_o which_o cause_n it_o be_v provide_v by_o the_o 6_o canon_n that_o no_o bishop_n priest_n or_o deacon_n shall_v take_v upon_o they_o any_o secular_a employment_n nor_o thrust_v themselves_o into_o any_o publiclk_n office_n and_o by_o the_o 6_o canon_n of_o the_o african_a council_n nepot_n can._n apost_n 6.8_o with_fw-mi ep._n hier._n ad_fw-la nepot_n they_o be_v forbid_v to_o be_v solicitor_n of_o other_o man_n affair_n or_o to_o defend_v other_o man_n cause_n but_o that_o which_o give_v the_o great_a reputation_n to_o our_o opinion_n be_v the_o judgement_n of_o the_o church_n which_o we_o have_v set_v down_o in_o the_o three_o canon_n of_o the_o first_o council_n of_o arles_n which_o be_v hold_v under_o constantine_n the_o word_n sound_v thus_o concern_v those_o that_o cast_v away_o their_o arm_n in_o the_o time_n of_o peace_n it_o please_v the_o synod_n that_o they_o shall_v be_v debare_v from_o the_o communion_n
cicero_n speak_v 3._o de_fw-fr leg_n 3._o to_o reckon_v up_o all_o the_o inconvenience_n only_o in_o any_o government_n and_o to_o pass_v over_o with_o silence_n all_o the_o convenience_n be_v unjust_a because_o the_o good_a that_o we_o seek_v for_o we_o can_v obtain_v without_o the_o evil_n which_o we_o will_v avoid_v but_o of_o these_o several_a kind_n of_o government_n our_o choice_n be_v make_v and_o the_o right_a thereby_o transfer_v to_o another_o to_o reassume_v it_o at_o our_o pleasure_n upon_o what_o pretence_n soever_o be_v unjust_a many_o cause_n there_o may_v be_v for_o which_o a_o people_n may_v be_v induce_v to_o renounce_v and_o yield_v up_o unto_o other_o all_o right_n of_o government_n as_o namely_o another_o many_o reason_n there_o may_v be_v why_o a_o people_n may_v yield_v up_o themselves_o to_o be_v govern_v by_o another_o when_o they_o shall_v be_v reduce_v into_o so_o great_a danger_n of_o their_o life_n that_o no_o other_o way_n can_v be_v find_v whereby_o to_o defend_v themselves_o or_o when_o they_o shall_v be_v oppress_v with_o so_o much_o want_n as_o that_o they_o can_v otherwise_o sustain_v themselves_o thus_o the_o israelite_n be_v distress_v by_o the_o ammonite_n send_v for_o jephtha_n and_o rather_o than_o be_v oppress_v by_o a_o foreign_a enemy_n they_o transfer_v the_o government_n upon_o he_o who_o before_o they_o have_v banish_v judge_n 11._o this_o also_o be_v the_o condition_n of_o the_o campane_n when_o they_o surrender_v themselves_o unto_o the_o roman_n in_o this_o form_n we_o say_v their_o ambassador_n in_o the_o name_n of_o all_o the_o people_n of_o campania_n do_v free_o surrender_v and_o give_v up_o ourselves_o our_o city_n capua_n our_o field_n temple_n together_o with_o all_o that_o we_o have_v both_o divine_a and_o humane_a into_o your_o power_n o_o conscript_n father_n and_o some_o people_n we_o may_v read_v of_o who_o have_v offer_v themselves_o to_o the_o roman_n upon_o condition_n of_o protection_n only_o and_o have_v be_v reject_v 8._o app._n liv._o lib._n 5._o lib._n 8._o as_o the_o falisci_n and_o the_o samnite_n and_o if_o so_o what_o then_o shall_v hinder_v but_o that_o some_o people_n may_v in_o like_a manner_n surrender_v all_o power_n and_o right_n over_o themselves_o to_o some_o one_o man_n by_o who_o wisdom_n and_o power_n they_o expect_v protection_n also_o it_o may_v so_o happen_v that_o a_o man_n have_v vast_a possession_n will_v not_o admit_v of_o any_o to_o inhabit_v his_o country_n but_o under_o condition_n to_o submit_v to_o his_o jurisdiction_n or_o it_o be_v possible_a that_o a_o man_n have_v large_a territory_n and_o a_o multitude_n of_o servant_n may_v manumit_v they_o give_v to_o each_o a_o proportion_n of_o land_n on_o condition_n that_o they_o yield_v he_o their_o subjection_n with_o some_o kind_n of_o tribute_n precedent_n of_o this_o nature_n we_o want_v not_o tacitus_n speak_v of_o the_o german_n say_v that_o every_o servant_n have_v his_o several_a house_n and_o peculiar_a estate_n and_o govern_v his_o own_o family_n his_o lord_n impose_v upon_o he_o what_o proportion_n of_o corn_n cattle_n and_o garment_n he_o please_v which_o he_o ready_o pay_v and_o as_o a_o servant_n hitherto_o obey_v add_v hereunto_o what_o aristotle_n observe_v that_o some_o man_n be_v natural_o servant_n servile_a some_o people_n natural_o servile_a that_o be_v so_o apt_a for_o servitude_n as_o if_o nature_n have_v make_v they_o for_o no_o other_o use_n and_o so_o be_v some_o people_n too_o of_o so_o servile_a a_o disposition_n that_o they_o know_v better_o how_o to_o obey_v than_o how_o to_o govern_v such_o be_v the_o cappadocian_o who_o tell_v the_o roman_n plain_o 12._o strab._n lib._n 12._o when_o they_o offer_v they_o freedom_n that_o they_o can_v not_o live_v without_o a_o king_n 38._o just_a l._n 38._o so_o philostratus_n in_o the_o life_n of_o apollonius_n it_o be_v but_o solly_a to_o set_v at_o liberty_n the_o thracian_n mysian_o and_o getes_n for_o they_o value_v it_o not_o beside_o there_o be_v not_o a_o few_o people_n who_o have_v be_v persuade_v to_o admit_v of_o kingly_a government_n by_o the_o example_n of_o other_o nation_n who_o for_o many_o age_n have_v be_v observe_v to_o live_v very_o happy_o under_o it_o seneca_n speak_v of_o brutus_n say_v though_o he_o be_v in_o other_o matter_n a_o gallant_a man_n yet_o in_o this_o he_o seem_v to_o i_o to_o err_v benef_n lib._n 2._o the_o benef_n not_o to_o have_v behave_v himself_o like_o a_o stoic_a that_o he_o be_v either_o affright_v at_o the_o name_n of_o a_o king_n when_o the_o best_a form_n of_o government_n be_v that_o which_o be_v under_o a_o good_a king_n or_o hope_v for_o liberty_n there_o where_o the_o reward_n due_a to_o empire_n and_o subjection_n be_v so_o great_a or_o that_o he_o can_v believe_v it_o possible_a to_o recall_v the_o primitive_a government_n king_n the_o best_a government_n be_v under_o a_o good_a king_n unless_o he_o can_v restore_v the_o citizen_n to_o their_o ancient_a manner_n or_o that_o he_o can_v reduce_v they_o to_o a_o equality_n of_o civil_a right_n and_o put_v in_o force_n their_o ancient_a law_n when_o he_o see_v so_o many_o thousand_o of_o man_n to_o fight_v non_fw-la utrum_fw-la servirent_fw-la sed_fw-la utri_fw-la not_o whether_o they_o shall_v obey_v or_o not_o but_o who_o they_o shall_v obey_v some_o city_n say_v livy_n be_v so_o well_o please_v with_o the_o government_n of_o eumenes_n that_o they_o will_v not_o have_v change_v their_o condition_n with_o the_o free_a city_n in_o the_o world_n the_o like_a be_v record_v by_o isocrates_n that_o many_o desert_a the_o free_a city_n of_o greece_n to_o live_v in_o salamina_n a_o city_n in_o cyprus_n under_o the_o mild_a government_n of_o evagoras_n again_o such_o may_v be_v the_o condition_n of_o a_o city_n that_o there_o remain_v no_o probable_a hope_n of_o safety_n unless_o they_o put_v themselves_o under_o the_o dominion_n of_o one_o single_a person_n such_o be_v the_o state_n of_o the_o city_n of_o rome_n which_o most_o wise_a man_n think_v can_v not_o have_v be_v preserve_v have_v not_o augustus_n caesar_n assume_v to_o himself_o the_o sole_a government_n of_o the_o whole_a empire_n such_o case_n i_o say_v not_o only_o may_v but_o do_v usual_o happen_v as_o cicero_n observe_v in_o the_o second_o of_o his_o office_n but_o as_o have_v be_v already_o say_v like_o as_o private_a dominion_n may_v by_o a_o just_a war_n be_v lawful_o acquire_v so_o also_o may_v civil_a dominion_n or_o the_o right_n of_o empire_n if_o it_o depend_v not_o upon_o some_o other_o nor_o will_v i_o be_v think_v to_o speak_v this_o of_o monarchical_a government_n only_o where_o that_o be_v receive_v but_o the_o same_o argument_n will_v hold_v for_o the_o acquire_v of_o a_o oligarchical_a government_n where_o the_o noble_n have_v exclude_v the_o commons_o and_o assume_v the_o government_n upon_o themselves_o what_o that_o there_o be_v any_o commonwealth_n so_o popular_a wherein_o some_o as_o the_o poor_a the_o stranger_n woman_n and_o youth_n be_v not_o exclude_v from_o public_a counsel_n even_o now_o there_o be_v some_o people_n also_o that_o have_v other_o truckling_n under_o they_o and_o who_o be_v no_o less_o subject_a unto_o they_o than_o they_o can_v be_v unto_o king_n 1._o liv._o lib._n 1._o whence_o arise_v that_o question_n in_o livy_n be_v the_o collatine_n people_n under_o their_o own_o jurisdiction_n or_o have_v they_o any_o power_n that_o be_v their_o own_o and_o the_o campane_n when_o they_o surrender_v themselves_o unto_o the_o roman_n 7._o lib._n 7._o be_v say_v to_o be_v under_o the_o jurisdiction_n of_o the_o roman_n acarnania_n as_o also_o amphilochia_n be_v say_v to_o be_v subject_a to_o the_o aetolian_n so_o be_v peraea_n and_o caunus_n to_o the_o dominion_n of_o the_o rhodian_o the_o emperor_n otho_n give_v all_o the_o city_n of_o the_o moor_n to_o the_o province_n of_o granado_n in_o spain_n as_o tacitus_n testify_v so_o do_v philip_n the_o city_n pydna_n to_o the_o olynthian_o people_n some_o king_n be_v so_o absolute_a that_o they_o be_v not_o subject_a to_o the_o whole_a body_n of_o the_o people_n many_o other_o example_n be_v here_o produce_v all_o which_o be_v absolute_o null_a if_o it_o be_v grant_v that_o the_o right_n of_o government_n be_v at_o the_o disposal_n of_o they_o that_o be_v govern_v again_o some_o king_n there_o be_v that_o be_v not_o subject_a to_o the_o whole_a body_n of_o the_o people_n as_o history_n both_o sacred_a and_o profane_a do_v testify_v if_o thou_o shall_v say_v say_v god_n to_o the_o israelite_n i_o will_v set_v a_o king_n supra_fw-la i_o above_o i_o deut._n 17.14_o 17.14_o deut._n 17.14_o and_o unto_o samuel_n say_v god_n show_v they_o the_o right_n or_o manner_n of_o the_o king_n that_o shall_v reign_v over_o they_o 1_o sam._n 8.4_o the_o like_a we_o may_v
other_o creature_n wisdom_n furnish_v they_o with_o such_o natural_a muniment_n as_o be_v sufficient_a to_o defend_v they_o from_o violent_a incursion_n and_o sudden_a danger_n but_o unto_o man_n be_v send_v into_o the_o world_n naked_a and_o unarm_v the_o better_a to_o instruct_v he_o in_o wisdom_n have_v god_n beside_o other_o endowment_n give_v he_o natural_a affection_n whereby_o we_o be_v teach_v to_o love_n cherish_v and_o defend_v each_o other_o and_o ready_o to_o give_v and_o receive_v aid_n and_o assistance_n one_o to_o and_o from_o another_o against_o all_o outward_a assault_n and_o danger_n whatsoever_o iii_o or_o instrumental_a as_o servant_n etc._n etc._n by_o instrument_n here_o we_o mean_v not_o arm_n or_o such_o like_a wherewith_o we_o either_o offend_v other_o or_o defend_v ourselves_o but_o such_o voluntary_a agent_n as_o be_v content_v to_o receive_v direction_n from_o other_o such_o as_o a_o son_n be_v to_o his_o father_n be_v a_o part_n of_o himself_o natural_o or_o as_o a_o servant_n to_o his_o master_n of_o who_o he_o be_v legal_o a_o part_n for_o as_o a_o part_n do_v not_o only_o refer_v to_o the_o whole_a in_o the_o same_o relation_n as_o the_o whole_a be_v the_o whole_a of_o the_o part_n but_o this_o very_a thing_n that_o it_o be_v be_v the_o whole_a so_o possession_n be_v say_v to_o be_v something_o of_o he_o that_o possess_v it_o and_o servant_n say_v democritus_n be_v to_o be_v use_v as_o we_o do_v the_o member_n of_o our_o body_n some_o to_o one_o purpose_n and_o some_o to_o another_o now_o what_o servant_n be_v to_o a_o family_n the_o same_o be_v subject_n to_o a_o commonwealth_n and_o so_o be_v as_o instrument_n to_o he_o who_o have_v the_o supreme_a power_n iv_o naturally_n no_o man_n excuse_v from_o war._n without_o doubt_n natural_o all_o that_o be_v subject_n may_v be_v employ_v in_o the_o war_n though_o some_o special_a law_n may_v excuse_v some_o as_o heretofore_o servant_n among_o the_o roman_n and_o now_o every_o where_o the_o clergy_n as_o the_o levite_n among_o the_o jew_n be_v not_o liable_a to_o the_o duty_n of_o war_n as_o josephus_n testify_v which_o law_n notwithstanding_o as_o all_o other_o of_o that_o nature_n must_v admit_v of_o the_o exception_n of_o extreme_a necessity_n and_o let_v this_o suffice_v to_o be_v speak_v in_o general_a concern_v subject_n and_o servant_n for_o what_o more_o especial_o concern_v they_o shall_v be_v handle_v in_o their_o proper_a place_n hugo_n grotius_n of_o the_o right_n of_o peace_n &_o war_n book_n ii_o chap._n i._o of_o the_o cause_n of_o war_n and_o first_o of_o war_n make_v in_o our_o own_o defence_n i._o what_o cause_n may_v be_v say_v to_o justify_v a_o war._n ii_o that_o they_o arise_v either_o from_o our_o own_o defence_n or_o from_o require_v what_o be_v our_o own_o or_o be_v due_a to_o we_o or_o from_o punishment_n iii_o war_n make_v for_o the_o defence_n of_o our_o life_n lawful_a iv_o against_o the_o aggressor_n only_o v._o in_o such_o danger_n as_o be_v imminent_a and_o certain_a not_o in_o such_o as_o be_v opinionative_n only_o vi_o war_n make_v in_o defence_n of_o our_o limb_n lawful_a vii_o especial_o in_o defence_n of_o chastity_n viii_o war_n make_v in_o defence_n of_o ourselves_o may_v sometime_o be_v omit_v ix_o our_o defence_n make_v against_o a_o person_n public_o very_o profitable_a sometime_o unlawful_a by_o the_o law_n of_o charity_n x._o to_o kill_v a_o man_n for_o a_o box_n on_o the_o ear_n or_o for_o some_o such_o reproach_n or_o rather_o than_o flee_v not_o lawful_a for_o a_o christian_n xi_o to_o kill_v a_o man_n in_o defend_v our_o good_n by_o the_o law_n of_o nature_n not_o unlawful_a xii_o how_o far_o permit_v by_o the_o law_n of_o moses_n xiii_o whether_o and_o how_o far_o permit_v by_o the_o evangelical_n law_n fourteen_o whether_o the_o civil_a law_n permit_v a_o man_n to_o kill_v another_o in_o defence_n of_o himself_o do_v give_v a_o right_a so_o to_o do_v or_o only_o a_o impunity_n explain_v by_o a_o distinction_n xv._o when_o duel_v may_v be_v lawful_a xvi_o of_o defence_n in_o a_o war_n that_o be_v public_a xvii_o if_o only_o to_o weaken_v the_o grow_a power_n of_o a_o neighbour_n prince_n the_o war_n be_v to_o be_v repute_v unlawful_a xviii_o the_o defence_n of_o he_o who_o have_v give_v just_a cause_n of_o a_o war_n be_v likewise_o unlawful_a i._o let_v we_o now_o proceed_v to_o the_o cause_n of_o war_n i_o mean_v those_o that_o justify_v a_o war_n for_o there_o be_v other_o that_o excite_v man_n to_o war_n under_o the_o notion_n of_o profit_n which_o be_v sometime_o distinct_a from_o those_o which_o excite_v upon_o the_o account_n of_o justice_n which_o as_o well_o between_o themselves_o as_o from_o the_o beginning_n of_o war_n such_o as_o be_v the_o hart_n in_o the_o war_n between_o turnus_n and_o aeneas_n polybius_n do_v accurate_o distinguish_v hist_o 3_o hist_o and_o though_o the_o difference_n between_o these_o be_v manifest_a yet_o be_v the_o term_n usual_o confound_v for_o even_o these_o cause_n which_o we_o call_v justify_v livy_n in_o the_o oration_n of_o the_o rhodian_o call_v the_o beginning_n of_o the_o war_n 45._o lib._n 45._o sure_o you_o say_v the_o rhodian_o be_v those_o very_a roman_n who_o pretend_v that_o your_o war_n be_v therefore_o successful_a because_o they_o be_v just_a and_o that_o glory_n not_o in_o the_o event_n that_o you_o can_v conquer_v but_o in_o the_o beginning_n that_o you_o never_o make_v war_n but_o upon_o just_a cause_n and_o indeed_o there_o be_v hardly_o ever_o any_o nation_n that_o do_v so_o long_a pride_n themselves_o in_o the_o justice_n of_o their_o quarrel_n as_o the_o roman_n do_v the_o roman_n say_v polybius_n take_v very_o great_a care_n not_o to_o begin_v a_o war_n with_o their_o neighbour_n and_o will_v have_v all_o man_n believe_v that_o they_o never_o make_v war_n but_o to_o repel_v injury_n this_o dion_n testify_v in_o that_o notable_a comparison_n he_o make_v between_o the_o roman_n and_o philip_n of_o macedon_n and_o antiochus_n and_o elsewhere_o he_o tell_v we_o that_o the_o roman_n take_v special_a care_n that_o their_o war_n shall_v be_v just_a nor_o do_v they_o ever_o decree_v a_o war_n rash_o or_o without_o just_a cause_n in_o the_o same_o sense_n do_v aelian_a call_n the_o cause_n of_o war_n 53._o lib._n 12._o c._n 53._o the_o beginning_n of_o war_n and_o diodorus_n discourse_v of_o the_o war_n between_o the_o lacedaemonian_n and_o the_o aelian_o make_v the_o pretence_n and_o the_o beginning_n of_o the_o war_n to_o be_v the_o same_o these_o justify_v cause_n of_o war_n be_v the_o proper_a argument_n of_o our_o present_a discourse_n 8._o lib._n 8._o whereunto_o that_o of_o coriolanus_n in_o halicarnassensis_n be_v pertinent_a let_v your_o first_o and_o principal_a care_n be_v that_o the_o ground_n of_o all_o your_o war_n be_v pious_a and_o just_a so_o be_v that_o likewise_o of_o demosthenes_n 2._o oâ—yâ—th_n 2._o as_o in_o the_o build_n of_o house_n ship_n and_o such_o like_a the_o foundation_n or_o groundwork_n shall_v be_v firm_a and_o last_a otherwise_o the_o superstructure_n will_v soon_o decay_v and_o totter_v so_o in_o all_o our_o erterprise_n justice_n and_o truth_n shall_v lay_v as_o it_o be_v the_o first_o stone_n 12._o lib._n 12._o if_o we_o expect_v that_o the_o success_n shall_v be_v honourable_a no_o less_o pertinent_a to_o this_o purpose_n be_v that_o also_o of_o dion_n cassius_n in_o all_o our_o war_n let_v our_o chief_a regard_n be_v to_o justice_n for_o if_o she_o lead_v up_o the_o van_n true_a valour_n may_v bid_v fair_a for_o the_o victory_n but_o if_o she_o be_v want_v though_o our_o first_o attempt_n flatter_v we_o 3._o de_fw-fr rep_n l._n 3._o yet_o will_v the_o end_n prove_v inglorious_a and_o that_o also_o of_o cicero_n those_o war_n be_v unjust_a that_o be_v undertake_v without_o cause_n and_o therefore_o in_o another_o place_n he_o sharp_o reprove_v cassius_n for_o pass_v with_o his_o army_n over_o euphrates_n when_o there_o be_v no_o just_a cause_n of_o war_n give_v which_o hold_v true_a no_o less_o in_o public_a war_n than_o it_o do_v in_o private_a hence_o arise_v that_o complaint_n of_o seneca_n do_v we_o restrain_v homicide_n and_o punish_v murderer_n and_o yet_o esteem_v the_o depopulation_n of_o whole_a nation_n glorious_a covetousness_n and_o cruelty_n know_v no_o moderation_n commission_n be_v every_o day_n send_v out_o by_o the_o senate_n and_o people_n to_o execute_v act_n of_o cruelty_n and_o what_o we_o private_o forbid_v we_o public_o commend_v homicidium_fw-la cum_fw-la admittant_fw-la singuli_fw-la crimen_fw-la est_fw-la virtus_fw-la voco_fw-la cum_fw-la publicae_fw-la geritur_fw-la when_o a_o private_a man_n commit_v a_o murder_n he_o be_v punish_v as_o a_o criminal_a but_o when_o thousand_o be_v public_o take_v away_o and_o destroy_v it_o be_v
instant_o canonize_v for_o virtue_n and_o valour_n it_o be_v true_a indeed_o that_o war_n be_v undertake_v by_o public_a authority_n like_o the_o definitive_a sentence_n of_o a_o judge_n have_v some_o effect_n of_o râ—ght_n whereof_o more_o anon_o but_o yet_o be_v they_o not_o altogether_o blameless_a unless_o there_o be_v a_o just_a cause_n to_o warrant_v it_o thus_o be_v alexander_n for_o invade_v the_o persian_n and_o other_o nation_n without_o cause_n give_v deserve_o censure_v by_o the_o scythian_n in_o curtius_n and_o elsewhere_o by_o seneca_n for_o a_o robber_n and_o by_o lucan_n for_o a_o thief_n by_o the_o wise_a man_n of_o india_n as_o a_o scourge_n to_o all_o nation_n and_o the_o common_a pest_n of_o mankind_n and_o before_o that_o by_o a_o pirate_n for_o the_o great_a pirate_n of_o the_o two_o so_o justin_n speak_v of_o his_o father_n philip_n say_v that_o two_o king_n of_o thrace_n be_v thrust_v out_o and_o deprive_v of_o their_o kingdom_n through_o the_o fraud_n and_o villainy_n of_o a_o thief_n whereunto_o we_o may_v likewise_o refer_v that_o of_o st._n augustin_n remotâ_fw-la justitiâ_fw-la quid_fw-la sunt_fw-la regna_fw-la nisi_fw-la magna_fw-la latrocinia_fw-la take_v away_o justice_n and_o what_o be_v kingdom_n but_o great_a robbery_n with_o who_o accord_v that_o of_o lactantius_n inanis_fw-la gloriae_fw-la specie_fw-la capti_fw-la sceleribus_fw-la suis_fw-la virtutis_fw-la nomen_fw-la imponunt_fw-la be_v blind_v with_o self-love_n and_o vain_a glory_n they_o miscall_v all_o their_o vice_n virtue_n nor_o be_v justin_n martyr_n much_o amiss_o when_o he_o say_v what_o thief_n do_v in_o desert_n place_n the_o very_a same_o do_v such_o prince_n who_o prefer_v opinion_n before_o truth_n now_o other_o just_a cause_n of_o make_v war_n there_o can_v be_v none_o but_o injury_n so_o st._n augustin_n the_o wrong_n do_v on_o the_o one_o side_n make_v the_o war_n do_v on_o the_o other_o side_n just_a so_o also_o say_v the_o roman_a herald_n i_o do_v testify_v and_o declare_v that_o such_o a_o people_n be_v unjust_a and_o have_v not_o do_v we_o right_n thereby_o intimate_v that_o the_o people_n of_o rome_n may_v just_o make_v war_n upon_o they_o ii_o war_n make_v 1._o for_o defence_n 2._o for_o redemption_n 3._o for_o punishment_n lawful_a now_o look_v how_o many_o cause_n there_o be_v of_o civil_a action_n so_o many_o there_o be_v of_o a_o just_a war_n for_o vbi_fw-la desinunt_fw-la judicia_fw-la incipit_fw-la bellum_fw-la where_o judgement_n cease_v war_n begin_v now_o at_o the_o law_n suit_n arise_v either_o for_o prevention_n of_o injury_n not_o yet_o do_v as_o when_o caution_n and_o security_n be_v require_v that_o no_o act_n of_o violence_n shall_v be_v offer_v nor_o any_o damage_n do_v we_o or_o for_o injury_n already_o do_v as_o namely_o that_o they_o may_v be_v recompense_v or_o the_o person_n injure_v punish_v but_o as_o to_o that_o which_o come_v under_o the_o notion_n of_o reparation_n it_o refer_v either_o to_o that_o which_o be_v or_o be_v we_o from_o whence_o arise_v vindication_n and_o some_o personal_a action_n or_o to_o something_o that_o be_v owe_v and_o just_o due_a unto_o we_o whether_o by_o some_o contract_n or_o agreement_n or_o for_o some_o hurt_n do_v unto_o we_o or_o by_o the_o law_n whither_o also_o we_o be_v to_o refer_v those_o thing_n which_o be_v say_v to_o arise_v as_o if_o they_o be_v due_a by_o contract_n or_o by_o some_o wrong_n do_v unto_o we_o from_o which_o head_n arise_v the_o other_o condiction_n that_o which_o concern_v fact_n to_o be_v punish_v require_v first_o a_o accusation_n second_o court_n of_o judgement_n most_o man_n assign_v three_o just_a cause_n of_o a_o war_n namely_o for_o defence_n for_o recovery_n of_o what_o be_v we_o and_o for_o punishment_n which_o three_z we_o shall_v find_v sum_v up_o by_o camillus_n in_o his_o denounce_v war_n against_o the_o gaul_n omnia_fw-la quae_fw-la defendi_fw-la repetique_n &_o ulcisci_fw-la fas_fw-la sit_fw-la all_o which_o may_v lawful_o be_v defend_v recover_v and_o revenge_v in_o which_o enumeration_n unless_o we_o take_v the_o word_n recover_v in_o its_o large_a signification_n it_o will_v not_o include_v the_o exact_v of_o that_o which_o be_v due_a unto_o we_o which_o be_v not_o omit_v by_o plato_n when_o he_o say_v that_o war_n may_v be_v just_o make_v not_o only_a when_o a_o man_n be_v oppress_v by_o violence_n or_o when_o he_o be_v pillage_v but_o when_o he_o be_v fraudulent_o deal_v with_o and_o so_o deceive_v of_o what_o be_v his_o due_n wherewith_o accord_v that_o of_o seneca_n aequissima_fw-la vox_fw-la est_fw-la &_o jus_o gentium_fw-la prâ—_n se_fw-la ferens_fw-la red_a quod_fw-la debes_fw-la 4._o 〈◊〉_d hâ—râ—s_n 〈…〉_o 4._o tâ—â—_n be_v a_o righteous_a say_n and_o consonant_a to_o the_o law_n of_o nation_n pay_v what_o thou_o â—â—â—st_n and_o 〈…〉_o a_o clause_n always_o insert_v in_o that_o form_n use_v by_o the_o roman_a herald_n 4._o quas_fw-la â—ec_fw-la 〈…〉_o solverunt_fw-la nec_fw-la fecerunt_fw-la quas_fw-la dari_fw-la fieri_fw-la solvi_fw-la oportune_a that_o they_o neither_o give_v 〈…〉_o what_o they_o ought_v to_o have_v give_v pay_v and_o do_v so_o likewise_o sâ—lust_v in_o his_o history_n 4._o â—â—re_v 〈◊〉_d tium_fw-la res_fw-la repeto_fw-la according_a to_o the_o law_n of_o nation_n i_o require_v what_o be_v my_o own_o 〈◊〉_d aâ—_n 〈◊〉_d servius'_v 〈◊〉_d virgil_n aenead_n tell_v we_o that_o when_o the_o king_n of_o the_o herald_n be_v send_v to_o denounce_v war_n 〈…〉_o to_o the_o border_n of_o the_o enemy_n country_n and_o after_o some_o ceremony_n cry_v out_o with_o a_o loud_a voice_n tâ—â—â—_n he_o denounce_v war_n against_o they_o for_o such_o or_o such_o cause_n either_o because_o they_o have_v wrong_v theiâ—_n associate_n or_o because_o they_o have_v not_o restore_v something_o unjust_o take_v away_o or_o that_o they_o have_v not_o deliver_v up_o offender_n to_o be_v punish_v and_o when_o st._n augustin_n say_v jâ—s_n 10_o quest_n upon_o jâ—s_n that_o just_a war_n be_v usual_o thus_o define_v quae_fw-la ulciscuntur_fw-la injurias_fw-la which_o revenge_v injury_n he_o take_v the_o word_n to_o revenge_v in_o its_o general_a signification_n for_o that_o which_o include_v also_o to_o take_v away_o as_o may_v appear_v by_o the_o word_n follow_v which_o do_v not_o express_v a_o enumeration_n of_o part_n but_o a_o illustration_n by_o example_n so_o that_o nation_n say_v he_o or_o city_n may_v by_o arm_n be_v assault_v wâ—ich_a shall_v neglect_v either_o to_o punish_v their_o own_o subject_n for_o injury_n by_o they_o donâ—_n or_o to_o r_o store_n that_o wâ—ich_a by_o force_n be_v take_v away_o and_o by_o this_o light_n of_o nature_n it_o be_v defensive_a war_n defensive_a that_o the_o king_n of_o the_o inâ—â—eâ—_n 〈◊〉_d diodorus_n relate_v accuse_v semiramis_n for_o the_o breach_n of_o the_o law_n of_o nation_n for_o â—â—king_a war_n upon_o he_o without_o any_o injury_n at_o all_o do_v she_o for_o as_o josephus_n say_v 17._o aâ—â—_n l._n 17._o they_o that_o 〈…〉_o to_o they_o that_o live_v peaceable_o do_v but_o enforce_v they_o into_o arm_n to_o defeâ—d_v themselves_o 5._o liâ—â—_n l._n 5._o â—â—â—s_n do_v the_o roman_n plead_v with_o the_o senones_n that_o they_o ought_v not_o to_o have_v invade_v they_o iâ—â—â—â—_n no_o wâ—ys_n wrong_v they_o for_o man_n say_v aristotle_n do_v not_o usual_o make_v war_n but_o upon_o thâ—m_n who_o â—â—uâ—â—â—st_v injure_v they_o as_o curtius_n testify_v of_o the_o abian_a scythian_n 2._o lib._n 2._o the_o most_o innocent_a of_o all_o the_o â—â—rbarians_n armis_fw-la abstinebant_fw-la nisi_fw-la lacessiti_fw-la they_o never_o make_v waâ—_n unless_o high_o pâ—oâ—â—â—â—â—_n and_o plutarch_n of_o hercules_n that_o be_v thorough_o provoke_v he_o subdue_v all_o in_o his_o own_o defence_n the_o first_o cause_n then_o of_o a_o just_a war_n be_v injury_n not_o yet_o do_v that_o threaten_v immiâ—â—â—â—_n dâ—â—ger_n to_o our_o person_n or_o our_o estate_n iii_o war_n in_o defence_n of_o ourselves_o lawful_a that_o it_o be_v lawful_a for_o we_o to_o destroy_v he_o by_o war_n that_o will_v otherwise_o destroy_v uâ—_n oâ—â—t_o lest_o draw_v we_o into_o imminent_a peril_n of_o our_o life_n have_v already_o be_v prove_v now_o it_o be_v to_o be_v observe_v that_o this_o right_n of_o defend_v ourselves_o do_v principal_o and_o primary_o arise_v not_o from_o the_o malicious_a attempt_n of_o the_o aggressor_n but_o from_o the_o right_a that_o nature_n give_v unto_o every_o creature_n to_o preserve_v itself_o so_o that_o although_o he_o by_o who_o our_o life_n be_v so_o endanger_v be_v without_o blame_n as_o the_o soldier_n in_o do_v but_o his_o duty_n or_o haply_o a_o man_n mistake_v i_o for_o another_o or_o be_v mad_a or_o in_o a_o dream_n as_o we_o have_v read_v of_o some_o to_o who_o it_o have_v thus_o happen_v yet_o shall_v not_o my_o right_n to_o defend_v myself_o be_v thereby_o take_v away_o for_o to_o justify_v i_o it_o suffice_v that_o i_o be_o not_o
that_o they_o always_o precede_v in_o such_o council_n as_o be_v call_v concern_v christian_n affair_n who_o first_o profess_v themselves_o christian_n as_o aeneas_n silvius_n record_v in_o his_o history_n of_o the_o council_n of_o basil_n xxii_o where_o divers_a society_n claim_v unequal_a share_n how_o vote_n be_v to_o be_v reckon_v but_o yet_o so_o often_o as_o the_o ground_n and_o main_a reason_n of_o enter_v into_o this_o society_n be_v the_o preservation_n of_o something_o hold_v by_o they_o in_o common_a but_o not_o in_o equal_a proportion_n as_o in_o a_o inheritance_n or_o in_o a_o field_n wherein_o one_o have_v half_a another_o a_o three_o another_o a_o four_o part_n than_o not_o only_o the_o order_n but_o the_o suffrage_n of_o that_o assembly_n shall_v be_v not_o by_o the_o plurality_n of_o single_a vote_n but_o by_o the_o proportion_n that_o they_o several_o have_v in_o the_o thing_n hold_v in_o common_a which_o as_o it_o be_v most_o agreeable_a to_o natural_a equity_n so_o it_o be_v approve_v of_o by_o the_o roman_a law_n so_o strabo_n tell_v we_o that_o when_o lybica_n with_o three_o other_o adjoin_a city_n do_v unite_v themselves_o as_o it_o be_v in_o one_o body_n it_o be_v agree_v that_o each_o of_o the_o three_o be_v to_o have_v one_o voice_n but_o lybica_n two_o because_o it_o contribute_v much_o more_o to_o the_o common_a benefit_n than_o the_o rest_n and_o the_o same_o author_n tell_v we_o that_o in_o lycia_n there_o be_v twenty_o three_o city_n combine_v whereof_o some_o have_v three_o voice_n some_o two_o and_o some_o but_o one_o 9_o fol._n l._n 3._o c._n 9_o and_z according_o all_o charge_n be_v divide_v and_o pay_v and_o this_o be_v but_o just_a say_v aristotle_n if_o the_o defence_n of_o their_o common_a possession_n be_v the_o chief_a cause_n of_o their_o consociation_n xxiii_o the_o right_a of_o society_n over_o their_o citizen_n of_o all_o society_n that_o of_o divers_a master_n of_o family_n embody_v in_o one_o city_n or_o nation_n as_o it_o be_v the_o most_o perfect_a so_o it_o give_v a_o great_a right_a or_o power_n to_o the_o whole_a over_o every_o part_n thereof_o than_o any_o other_o society_n whatsoever_o neither_o be_v there_o any_o outward_a act_n do_v by_o any_o one_o citizen_n but_o what_o either_o by_o itself_o do_v or_o by_o circumstance_n may_v refer_v to_o the_o conservation_n of_o that_o society_n for_o as_o aristotle_n tell_v we_o the_o law_n do_v rule_v we_o in_o thing_n of_o all_o sort_n xxiv_o whether_o citizen_n may_v desert_v their_o city_n and_o here_o it_o may_v be_v question_v whether_o it_o be_v lawful_a for_o citizen_n to_o forsake_v their_o city_n without_o leave_n give_v there_o be_v a_o ancient_a custom_n say_v servius_n that_o he_o that_o transplant_v himself_o into_o another_o family_n or_o nation_n do_v first_o renounce_v that_o wherein_o he_o former_o dwell_v and_o then_o be_v receive_v and_o true_a it_o be_v that_o in_o some_o country_n it_o be_v not_o lawful_a to_o forsake_v the_o city_n without_o leave_n as_o in_o the_o city_n of_o moscow_n 13._o mariana_n liâ—_n 28._o c._n 13._o neither_o do_v i_o deny_v that_o it_o be_v possible_a for_o a_o civil_a society_n to_o be_v enter_v into_o under_o some_o such_o agreement_n and_o that_o custom_n may_v introduce_v the_o force_n of_o such_o a_o agreement_n yet_o by_o the_o latter_a roman_a law_n it_o be_v lawful_a for_o any_o citizen_n to_o remove_v his_o habitation_n yet_o not_o so_o but_o that_o he_o stand_v still_o oblige_v to_o execute_v such_o office_n in_o the_o city_n as_o shall_v be_v impose_v on_o he_o neither_o be_v these_o to_o depart_v out_o of_o the_o roman_a territory_n and_o special_a care_n be_v take_v by_o the_o law_n itself_o that_o they_o shall_v pay_v their_o contribution_n but_o set_v aside_o these_o municipal_a law_n and_o constitution_n let_v we_o discuss_v this_o question_n according_a to_o natural_a right_n and_o that_o not_o of_o any_o one_o part_n but_o of_o the_o whole_a city_n though_o under_o the_o supreme_a dominion_n of_o one_o person_n and_o sure_o that_o they_o can_v recede_v by_o flock_n or_o great_a company_n be_v easy_o collect_v from_o the_o necessity_n of_o the_o end_n which_o in_o moral_a thing_n be_v able_a to_o create_v a_o right_n for_o if_o this_o shall_v be_v lawful_a there_o may_v instant_o follow_v a_o dissolution_n of_o that_o civil_a society_n zonoras_n speak_v of_o king_n lazus_n who_o revolt_v from_o the_o persian_n to_o the_o roman_n make_v it_o the_o cause_n of_o a_o just_a war_n between_o the_o persian_n and_o the_o roman_n that_o the_o roman_a general_n have_v draw_v unto_o himself_o the_o subject_n of_o the_o king_n of_o persia_n but_o as_o touch_v the_o departure_n of_o some_o particular_a person_n from_o a_o city_n it_o be_v much_o otherwise_o as_o it_o be_v one_o thing_n to_o draw_v water_n out_o of_o a_o river_n and_o another_o thing_n to_o turn_v the_o course_n of_o it_o every_o citizen_n say_v triphonius_n be_v free_a either_o to_o stay_v in_o or_o to_o depart_v from_o his_o own_o city_n and_o cicero_n in_o his_o oration_n for_o baldus_n commend_v this_o law_n that_o no_o man_n shall_v be_v enforce_v to_o stay_v in_o a_o city_n against_o his_o will_n and_o this_o he_o lay_v down_o as_o the_o foundation_n of_o liberty_n that_o every_o freeman_n have_v absolute_a power_n over_o himself_o liberty_n to_o live_v where_o we_o please_v be_v the_o foundation_n of_o liberty_n either_o to_o remain_v in_o it_o or_o to_o recede_v from_o it_o and_o yet_o herein_o also_o we_o be_v to_o submit_v to_o natural_a equity_n which_o be_v the_o rule_n that_o the_o roman_n walk_v by_o in_o dissolve_v private_a society_n that_o it_o shall_v not_o be_v lawful_a when_o the_o public_a be_v damnify_v by_o it_o for_o as_o proculus_n right_o observe_v always_o not_o that_o which_o be_v profitable_a to_o some_o one_o of_o a_o society_n be_v usual_o to_o be_v observe_v but_o what_o be_v expedient_a for_o the_o whole_a but_o it_o be_v expedient_a for_o the_o whole_a society_n that_o in_o case_n any_o great_a public_a debt_n be_v contract_v no_o citizen_n shall_v forsake_v the_o city_n unless_o he_o have_v first_o pay_v his_o proportion_n of_o it_o also_o if_o upon_o confidence_n of_o the_o number_n of_o their_o citizen_n they_o have_v begin_v a_o war_n but_o especial_o if_o they_o be_v in_o danger_n to_o be_v besiege_v no_o citizen_n ought_v to_o forsake_v the_o city_n till_o he_o have_v first_o provide_v a_o person_n as_o able_a as_o himself_o to_o defend_v the_o commonwealth_n but_o unless_o it_o be_v in_o these_o case_n only_o it_o be_v probable_a enough_o that_o the_o people_n do_v give_v their_o consent_n that_o any_o citizen_n may_v free_o depart_v because_o even_o from_o this_o liberty_n they_o may_v make_v no_o less_o advantage_n to_o themselves_o some_o other_o way_n xxv_o a_o city_n have_v no_o power_n over_o she_o banish_v so_o likewise_o no_o city_n can_v have_v any_o right_n over_o those_o who_o she_o have_v banish_v as_o we_o shall_v show_v anon_o *_o the_o heraclidae_fw-la be_v banish_v argos_n by_o euristeus_n and_o afterward_o persecute_v by_o he_o do_v thus_o plead_v by_o their_o advocate_n jolaus_fw-la by_o what_o right_o do_v he_o prosecute_v we_o now_o who_o he_o banish_v his_o city_n for_o now_o we_o be_v no_o subject_n of_o he_o and_o alcibiades_n his_o son_n speak_v of_o the_o time_n of_o his_o father_n banishment_n tell_v the_o athenian_n 41._o lib._n 3._o c._n 20._o §._o 41._o that_o the_o welfare_n of_o their_o city_n do_v nothing_o concern_v his_o father_n so_o likewise_o nicetas_n speak_v of_o isaac_n angelus_n say_v it_o be_v no_o new_a thing_n for_o any_o man_n to_o court_n and_o flatter_v his_o enemy_n that_o be_v but_o sensible_a that_o his_o own_o countryman_n do_v persecute_v he_o as_o their_o enemy_n but_o now_o the_o consociation_n of_o several_a nation_n whether_o by_o themselves_o or_o their_o governor_n be_v call_v league_n of_o the_o nature_n and_o effect_n whereof_o we_o shall_v have_v occasion_n to_o speak_v when_o we_o shall_v treat_v of_o obligation_n which_o arise_v from_o contract_n and_o agreement_n xxvi_o what_o right_o a_o man_n have_v over_o his_o adopt_a son_n there_o be_v also_o voluntary_a subjection_n and_o those_o either_o private_a or_o public_a the_o private_a vary_v according_a to_o the_o several_a sort_n of_o government_n that_o which_o be_v most_o noble_a be_v that_o of_o arrogation_n or_o adoption_n whereby_o a_o man_n translate_v himself_o into_o the_o family_n of_o another_o so_o as_o he_o behave_v himself_o with_o that_o duty_n and_o reverence_n as_o a_o son_n of_o mature_a age_n shall_v do_v roward_n his_o own_o parent_n no_o father_n can_v possible_o transfer_v his_o paternal_a right_n over_o his_o son_n to_o another_o man_n so_o full_o as_o to_o be_v
kingdom_n of_o epirus_n by_o the_o judgement_n of_o his_o father_n pyrrhus_n have_v no_o lawful_a issue_n 1._o paus_n l._n 1._o the_o tartar_n make_v no_o difference_n between_o bastard_n and_o they_o that_o be_v legitimate_a so_o herodotus_n of_o the_o persian_n mos_fw-la est_fw-la illis_fw-la ut_fw-la nothus_fw-la regnet_fw-la dum_fw-la legitimus_fw-la aliquis_fw-la reperitur_fw-la who_o admit_v of_o bastard_n till_o one_o that_o be_v legitimate_a may_v be_v find_v and_o we_o read_v in_o justine_n of_o a_o treaty_n between_o king_n atheas_n and_o philip_n concern_v the_o adopt_v of_o philip_n to_o succeed_v he_o in_o the_o kingdom_n of_o scythia_n jugurtha_n though_o a_o bastard_n jugurth_n sallust_n bell_n jugurth_n yet_o succeed_v in_o the_o kingdom_n of_o numidia_n by_o adoption_n the_o like_a we_o read_v of_o those_o kingdom_n which_o the_o goth_n and_o lombard_n conquer_v that_o the_o succession_n often_o pass_v by_o adoption_n nay_o longob_n paul_n diac._n l._n 6._o the_o gest_n longob_n the_o succession_n to_o the_o kingdom_n shall_v pass_v to_o the_o near_a of_o kin_n to_o he_o that_o last_o possess_v it_o though_o he_o be_v nothing_o of_o kin_n to_o the_o first_o king_n if_o any_o such_o succession_n be_v in_o force_n in_o those_o place_n thus_o do_v mithridates_n in_o justine_n plead_v that_o paphlagonia_n become_v his_o father_n inheritance_n by_o the_o death_n of_o all_o its_o domestic_a king_n xiii_o in_o kingdom_n that_o be_v indivisible_a the_o elder_a succeed_v but_o in_o case_n express_v caution_n be_v give_v that_o the_o kingdom_n shall_v not_o be_v divide_v and_o yet_o it_o be_v not_o express_v who_o shall_v succeed_v than_o the_o elder_a whether_o son_n or_o daughter_n shall_v enjoy_v the_o kingdom_n so_o say_v nicetas_n coniates_n nature_n indeed_o observe_v she_o own_o order_n give_v the_o great_a honour_n to_o the_o first-born_a but_o god_n have_v a_o prerogative_n above_o nature_n and_o act_v not_o always_o by_o her_o order_n and_o speak_v of_o isaacius_n he_o say_v that_o by_o his_o birthright_n the_o succession_n to_o the_o kingdom_n be_v he_o the_o like_a be_v say_v of_o hircanus_n in_o josephus_n in_o the_o talmud_n under_o the_o title_n of_o king_n we_o read_v that_o he_o that_o have_v the_o best_a title_n to_o a_o estate_n of_o inheritance_n have_v also_o the_o best_a title_n to_o the_o possession_n of_o a_o kingdom_n and_o therefore_o the_o elder_a son_n be_v always_o prefer_v before_o the_o young_a herodotus_n make_v it_o the_o custom_n of_o all_o nation_n for_o the_o elder_a son_n to_o succeed_v in_o his_o father_n throne_n and_o in_o another_o place_n he_o term_v it_o the_o law_n of_o kingdom_n livy_n make_v mention_n of_o two_o brethren_n allobrogi_n contend_v for_o a_o kingdom_n whereof_o the_o young_a have_v the_o worst_a title_n but_o the_o great_a power_n of_o all_o darius_n his_o son_n artabazanes_n be_v the_o first-born_a claim_v the_o kingdom_n as_o his_o birthright_n quod_fw-la jus_fw-la &_o ordo_fw-la nascendi_fw-la &_o natura_fw-la ipsa_fw-la gentibus_fw-la dedit_fw-la which_o right_o say_v justine_n both_o the_o order_n of_o birth_n 2._o lib._n 2._o and_o nature_n itself_o have_v give_v to_o nation_n which_o in_o another_o place_n he_o call_v the_o law_n of_o nation_n 40._o lib._n 40._o as_o livy_n also_o say_v it_o be_v a_o privilege_n due_a by_o the_o order_n both_o of_o age_n and_o nature_n yet_o must_v this_o be_v understand_v with_o this_o restriction_n unless_o the_o father_n by_o his_o testament_n do_v otherwise_o dispose_v of_o the_o succession_n as_o ptolemy_n in_o justin_n do_v his_o kingdom_n to_o his_o young_a son_n but_o yet_o he_o that_o shall_v thus_o succeed_v be_v bind_v to_o gratify_v his_o brethren_n for_o their_o share_n with_o all_o respect_n and_o honour_n if_o and_o as_o far_o forth_o as_o he_o shall_v be_v able_a to_o do_v it_o fourteen_o a_o kingdom_n by_o the_o people_n consent_n hereditary_a if_o in_o doubt_n be_v presume_v to_o be_v indivisible_a but_o those_o kingdom_n that_o by_o the_o people_n free_a consent_n be_v make_v hereditary_a may_v by_o guess_v at_o the_o will_n of_o the_o people_n be_v transfer_v now_o because_o it_o may_v easy_o be_v presume_v that_o the_o people_n will_v give_v their_o consent_n to_o that_o which_o be_v most_o expedient_a therefore_o in_o the_o first_o place_n it_o will_v follow_v that_o unless_o some_o law_n or_o custom_n do_v otherwise_o determine_v as_o in_o many_o it_o have_v and_o may_v do_v the_o kingdom_n shall_v stand_v entire_a and_o undivided_a because_o while_o so_o it_o will_v be_v the_o better_a able_a both_o to_o defend_v itself_o and_o to_o conserve_v the_o people_n in_o peace_n and_o unity_n divide_v lib._n 21._o a_o kingdom_n unite_a be_v strong_a than_o when_o divide_v of_o this_o opinion_n be_v justin_n firmius_n futurum_fw-la esse_fw-la regnum_fw-la si_fw-la penes_fw-la unum_fw-la remansisset_fw-la quam_fw-la si_fw-la portionibus_fw-la inter_fw-la filios_fw-la divideretur_fw-la arbitrabantur_fw-la they_o judge_v that_o the_o empire_n will_v be_v more_o firm_a be_v entire_o possess_v by_o one_o than_o it_o can_v possible_o be_v if_o divide_v among_o many_o son_n xv._o the_o succession_n not_o to_o last_v beyond_o the_o line_n of_o the_o first_o king_n again_o it_o be_v grant_v that_o the_o people_n consent_n be_v easy_o gain_v to_o what_o shall_v be_v most_o expedient_a it_o will_v in_o the_o next_o place_n follow_v that_o the_o succession_n shall_v descend_v from_o the_o first_o king_n in_o a_o right_a line_n because_o that_o family_n be_v then_o electeed_o as_o be_v think_v the_o most_o noble_a which_o family_n be_v extinct_a the_o kingdom_n do_v return_v back_o to_o the_o people_n thus_o curtius_n advise_v 8._o advise_v lib._n 8._o that_o the_o sovereign_a power_n be_v strong_o fix_v to_o one_o royal_a family_n which_o ought_v to_o claim_v by_o a_o hereditary_a right_n for_o the_o people_n be_v so_o accustom_v will_v not_o only_o reverence_v his_o person_n but_o will_v have_v the_o very_a name_n of_o their_o king_n in_o great_a esteem_n and_o therefore_o no_o man_n ought_v to_o usurp_v that_o dignity_n but_o he_o that_o be_v bear_v unto_o it_o xvi_o natural_a issue_n not_o concern_v in_o it_o three_o it_o will_v thence_o likewise_o follow_v that_o none_o shall_v be_v admit_v to_o succeed_v in_o the_o royal_a throne_n but_o he_o that_o be_v bear_v legitimate_a not_o the_o natural_a son_n because_o they_o be_v subject_a to_o be_v reproach_v to_o who_o mother_n the_o father_n do_v never_o vouchsafe_v the_o honour_n of_o marriage_n and_o therefore_o of_o such_o there_o can_v be_v no_o certainty_n who_o be_v the_o father_n but_o in_o the_o succession_n to_o crown_n the_o people_n ought_v to_o have_v the_o great_a assurance_n that_o in_o such_o a_o case_n can_v be_v give_v to_o avoid_v controversy_n for_o which_o cause_n it_o be_v that_o the_o macedonian_n prefer_v demetrius_n the_o young_a son_n to_o the_o throne_n rather_o than_o perseus_n the_o elder_a because_o he_o be_v bear_v in_o lawful_a wedlock_n not_o son_n by_o adoption_n because_o the_o people_n be_v apt_a to_o conceive_v great_a hope_n and_o to_o have_v their_o king_n in_o great_a esteem_n and_o veneration_n when_o they_o know_v they_o to_o be_v descend_v from_o a_o royal_a stock_n est_fw-la in_o juvencis_fw-la est_fw-la in_o equis_fw-la patrum_fw-la virtus_fw-la in_o horse_n and_o ox_n we_o may_v descry_v the_o syre_n generosity_n xvii_o males_n prefer_v before_o female_n in_o the_o same_o degree_n four_o that_o of_o those_o that_o have_v equal_a title_n to_o the_o inheritance_n either_o as_o be_v in_o the_o same_o degree_n or_o as_o succeed_v to_o their_o parent_n who_o be_v in_o the_o same_o degree_n the_o male_a issue_n be_v prefer_v before_o the_o female_a because_o man_n be_v fit_a for_o war_n and_o to_o administer_v other_o regal_a duty_n than_o woman_n can_v be_v xviii_o the_o elder_a before_o the_o young_a five_o that_o of_o son_n or_o of_o daughter_n if_o there_o be_v no_o son_n the_o elder_a be_v prefer_v before_o the_o young_a because_o it_o may_v easy_o be_v believe_v that_o as_o he_o be_v of_o more_o year_n so_o he_o either_o than_o be_v or_o may_v soon_o arrive_v to_o be_v of_o sound_a judgement_n than_o the_o young_a so_o cyrus_n in_o xenophon_n imperium_fw-la relinquo_fw-la majori_fw-la natu_fw-la i_o bequeath_v my_o kingdom_n to_o my_o elder_a son_n as_o be_v of_o most_o experience_n and_o consequent_o best_o know_v how_o to_o govern_v and_o because_o our_o green_a year_n will_v soon_o ripen_v than_o our_o sex_n change_v therefore_o the_o prerogative_n of_o our_o sex_n be_v much_o to_o be_v prefer_v before_o the_o privilege_n of_o our_o age._n wherefore_o herodotus_n where_o he_o tell_v we_o 7._o lib._n 7._o that_o persis_n the_o son_n of_o andromede_n the_o sister_n of_o cepheus_n do_v succeed_v cepheus_n in_o his_o kingdom_n give_v this_o as_o the_o reason_n because_o
neglect_v to_o perceive_v four_o that_o he_o be_v not_o bind_v to_o make_v good_a that_o which_o he_o neglect_v to_o perceive_v because_o he_o neither_o have_v the_o thing_n itself_o nor_o any_o thing_n that_o succeed_v in_o the_o place_n of_o it_o vii_o nor_o those_o that_o he_o have_v give_v away_o this_o explain_v five_o if_o such_o a_o possessor_n shall_v give_v to_o another_o that_o which_o be_v give_v to_o he_o he_o be_v not_o bind_v to_o restore_v it_o unless_o in_o case_n he_o have_v not_o give_v that_o he_o must_v have_v give_v as_o much_o other_o way_n by_o spare_v which_o he_o be_v so_o much_o the_o rich_a six_o if_o he_o sell_v the_o thing_n he_o buy_v he_o be_v not_o oblige_v unless_o it_o be_v for_o the_o overplus_n of_o the_o price_n it_o be_v buy_v for_o but_o if_o he_o sell_v the_o thing_n that_o be_v give_v he_o be_v bind_v to_o restore_v the_o price_n unless_o he_o have_v prodigal_o spend_v it_o which_o have_v it_o not_o be_v so_o give_v he_o have_v not_o so_o spend_v viii_o nor_o if_o he_o sell_v what_o he_o buy_v ix_o when_o he_o that_o sell_v what_o be_v another_o may_v reserve_v the_o price_n or_o a_o part_n of_o it_o seven_o that_o another_o man_n good_n though_o bona_fw-la fide_fw-la buy_v must_v be_v restore_v neither_o may_v the_o price_n give_v for_o they_o be_v require_v from_o the_o owner_n unto_o which_o rule_n we_o think_v it_o not_o amiss_o to_o add_v this_o exception_n unless_o it_o be_v where_o the_o proprietor_n can_v not_o probable_o recover_v the_o possession_n of_o what_o be_v he_o without_o some_o charge_n as_o when_o thing_n be_v possess_v by_o pirate_n 5._o pirate_n ter._n heaut_n act._n 4._o scen._n 4_o 5._o for_o in_o this_o case_n what_o the_o owner_n will_v willing_o have_v spend_v to_o have_v recover_v his_o good_n may_v be_v deduct_v by_o he_o that_o deliver_v they_o for_o the_o very_a regain_n of_o the_o possession_n be_v not_o to_o be_v do_v without_o charge_n and_o difficulty_n be_v according_o to_o be_v value_v which_o charge_n and_o trouble_v be_v save_v the_o right_a owner_n have_v thus_o lose_v his_o thing_n be_v repute_v by_o so_o much_o the_o rich_a and_o therefore_o since_o the_o buy_v this_o thing_n in_o the_o ordinary_a judgement_n of_o the_o law_n be_v of_o no_o value_n yet_o as_o paulus_n the_o lawyer_n say_v it_o be_v valuable_a if_o from_o the_o beginning_n it_o be_v agree_v that_o the_o possession_n of_o what_o be_v we_o be_v at_o present_a in_o another_o man_n power_n may_v be_v buy_v and_o where_o thing_n so_o buy_v be_v strict_o require_v by_o the_o owner_n without_o any_o moderate_a allowance_n supradicto_fw-la summam_fw-la jus_fw-la summa_fw-la injuria_fw-la ter._n loc_fw-la supradicto_fw-la though_o it_o may_v stand_v with_o the_o rigour_n of_o the_o law_n yet_o have_v this_o rigour_n so_o much_o of_o injustice_n in_o it_o as_o the_o one_o be_v a_o gainer_n by_o the_o other_o loss_n nor_o do_v i_o here_o require_v that_o the_o thing_n shall_v be_v buy_v with_o a_o intent_n to_o restore_v it_o to_o the_o owner_n in_o which_o case_n actionem_fw-la negotiorum_fw-la actionem_fw-la that_o a_o action_n of_o negotiation_n may_v arise_v as_o there_o be_v some_o that_o affirm_v so_o there_o be_v other_o that_o deny_v for_o such_o a_o action_n arise_v from_o the_o civil_a law_n neither_o have_v it_o any_o of_o those_o ground_n or_o principle_n whereupon_o nature_n introduce_v this_o obligation_n not_o much_o unlike_a be_v that_o which_o ulpian_n relate_v of_o funeral_n charge_n wherein_o a_o prudent_a judge_n do_v not_o always_o walk_v by_o the_o same_o rule_n as_o in_o mere_a action_n of_o negotiation_n but_o give_v himself_o a_o loose_a rein_v which_o the_o nature_n of_o such_o a_o action_n will_v very_o well_o bear_v and_o that_o which_o the_o same_o ulpian_n in_o another_o place_n say_v if_o any_o man_n mis-wage_a my_o affair_n not_o so_o much_o regard_v i_o as_o his_o own_o profit_n and_o shall_v disburse_v money_n in_o so_o do_v he_o shall_v recover_v by_o his_o action_n not_o according_a to_o what_o he_o lay_v out_o but_o according_a to_o the_o benefit_n that_o i_o receive_v by_o it_o so_o the_o owner_n of_o such_o good_n as_o in_o a_o tempest_n to_o secure_v the_o rest_n be_v cast_v overboard_o shall_v recover_v a_o part_n of_o their_o loss_n from_o those_o who_o good_n remain_v entire_a because_o he_o who_o good_n be_v so_o preserve_v by_o the_o loss_n of_o i_o be_v by_o my_o damage_n make_v the_o rich_a x._o another_o man_n good_n be_v sell_v can_v be_v restore_v but_o to_o the_o right_a owner_n eight_o he_o that_o buy_v another_o man_n good_n can_v restore_v they_o back_o to_o he_o that_o sell_v they_o to_o recover_v the_o price_n he_o pay_v for_o they_o because_o as_o soon_o as_o those_o good_n do_v come_v under_o his_o power_n as_o we_o say_v already_o the_o obligation_n begin_v to_o restore_v they_o to_o the_o right_a owner_n xi_o where_o the_o right_a owner_n be_v not_o know_v we_o be_v not_o bind_v to_o restitution_n nine_o he_o that_o be_v possess_v of_o a_o thing_n and_o be_v ignorant_a who_o it_o be_v be_v not_o by_o the_o law_n of_o nature_n bind_v to_o give_v it_o to_o the_o poor_a though_o it_o be_v very_o pious_a so_o to_o do_v and_o in_o many_o place_n be_v well_o order_v to_o be_v so_o dispose_v the_o reason_n be_v because_o by_o the_o right_n of_o propriety_n no_o man_n can_v claim_v a_o interest_n in_o it_o but_o the_o proprietor_n but_o to_o he_o that_o be_v ignorant_a who_o that_o be_v it_o be_v all_o one_o as_o if_o it_o have_v none_o for_o de_fw-fr non_fw-la entibus_fw-la &_o non_fw-la apparentibus_fw-la eadem_fw-la est_fw-la ratio_fw-la of_o thing_n that_o be_v not_o and_o of_o thing_n that_o appear_v not_o there_o be_v the_o same_o reason_n as_o to_o he_o to_o who_o they_o appear_v not_o xii_o what_o be_v receive_v if_o due_a whether_o the_o cause_n be_v honest_a or_o dishonest_a be_v not_o to_o be_v restore_v natural_o ten_o by_o the_o law_n of_o nature_n whatsoever_o be_v receive_v which_o another_o be_v bind_v to_o pay_v be_v the_o ground_n of_o that_o obligation_n honest_a or_o dishonest_a be_v not_o to_o be_v restore_v although_o even_o this_o also_o be_v introduce_v by_o some_o law_n and_o that_o not_o without_o cause_n the_o reason_n whereof_o be_v because_o in_o respect_n of_o the_o thing_n itself_o no_o man_n be_v oblige_v to_o restitution_n unless_o that_o thing_n belong_v to_o another_o man_n but_o in_o this_o case_n he_o that_o be_v the_o right_a owner_n before_o have_v willing_o transfer_v his_o right_n to_o another_o but_o it_o will_v be_v another_o thing_n where_o the_o manner_n of_o receive_v it_o be_v vicious_a as_o in_o the_o case_n of_o extortion_n for_o this_o be_v another_o kind_n of_o obligation_n whereof_o we_o discourse_v not_o at_o present_a 54._o present_a vid._n st._n aug._n ep._n 54._o xiii_o the_o opinion_n confute_v that_o hold_v that_o thing_n consist_v in_o number_n weight_n and_o measure_n may_v be_v transfer_v without_o the_o consent_n of_o the_o owner_n neither_o be_v that_o true_a which_o be_v deliver_v by_o medina_n namely_o that_o the_o property_n of_o other_o man_n good_n may_v come_v unto_o we_o without_o the_o owner_n consent_n in_o case_n they_o be_v such_o thing_n as_o be_v usual_o value_v by_o weight_n number_n or_o measure_n for_o thing_n of_o this_o nature_n may_v be_v restore_v in_o other_o of_o the_o same_o kind_n which_o be_v true_a if_o it_o be_v do_v with_o consent_n or_o if_o either_o by_o law_n or_o custom_n such_o a_o consent_n may_v be_v reasonable_o presume_v as_o when_o we_o restore_v what_o we_o borrow_v or_o when_o the_o thing_n itself_o be_v spend_v or_o consume_v we_o restore_v the_o like_a in_o quantity_n and_o quality_n but_o without_o such_o a_o consent_n either_o express_v or_o presume_v and_o set_v aside_o case_n of_o necessity_n this_o give_v of_o one_o thing_n for_o another_o be_v not_o to_o be_v allow_v of_o chap._n xi_o of_o promise_n i._o that_o natural_o a_o right_o may_v arise_v from_o promise_n the_o contrary_a opinion_n refute_v ii_o a_o bare_a assertion_n oblige_v not_o iii_o that_o natural_o a_o single_a promise_n oblige_v but_o from_o thence_o no_o right_n accrue_v to_o another_o iu._n what_o that_o promise_n be_v from_o whence_o a_o right_a arise_v to_o another_o v._o first_n it_o be_v require_v that_o the_o promiser_n have_v the_o use_n of_o reason_n the_o law_n of_o nature_n distinguish_v from_o the_o civil_a law_n about_o minor_n vi_o a_o promise_v make_v through_o error_n whether_o it_o oblige_v natural_o and_o how_o far_o vii_o a_o promise_v make_v out_o of_o fear_n bind_v yet_o be_v he_o that_o cause_v that_o fear_v bind_v to_o remit_v the_o promiser_n viii_o that_o the_o promise_n be_v
mercy_n for_o that_o divine_a law_n that_o command_v they_o to_o destroy_v the_o nation_n deut._n 7.4_o exod._n 23.33_o be_v compare_v with_o another_o charge_n give_v by_o god_n concern_v they_o deut._n 20.10_o will_v admit_v of_o this_o limitation_n that_o if_o they_o yield_v upon_o the_o first_o summons_n they_o may_v be_v receive_v to_o mercy_n as_o be_v clear_a by_o the_o history_n of_o rahab_n who_o for_o secure_v the_o spy_n be_v save_v 16.10_o jos_n 16.10_o of_o the_o inhabitant_n of_o gezer_n who_o be_v suffer_v to_o live_v among_o the_o ephramite_n and_o to_o serve_v they_o of_o the_o gergezites_n of_o who_o st._n matthew_n record_v 8.28_o mat._n 8.28_o that_o there_o be_v some_o live_n even_o until_o his_o time_n neither_o shall_v we_o find_v these_o ennumerate_v among_o those_o that_o be_v to_o have_v be_v extirpate_v as_o you_o may_v read_v deut._n 20.17_o jos_n 9.1_o and_o last_o it_o be_v clear_a by_o that_o act_n of_o solomon_n 1_o king_n 20.20_o 21_o whereby_o he_o be_v say_v to_o have_v receive_v the_o remainder_n of_o the_o canaanite_n who_o the_o child_n of_o israel_n can_v not_o destroy_v as_o his_o tributary_n and_o bond-servant_n unto_o that_o day_n yea_o and_o if_o we_o examine_v the_o cause_n of_o that_o severe_a charge_n give_v unto_o moses_n for_o their_o extirpation_n as_o it_o be_v express_v exod._n 23.33_o deut._n 7.4_o we_o shall_v find_v that_o in_o case_n as_o the_o hebrew_n doctor_n observe_v they_o will_v submit_v to_o the_o commandment_n give_v to_o noah_n and_o his_o son_n and_o pay_v tribute_n the_o cause_n of_o their_o extirpation_n be_v take_v away_o they_o may_v live_v now_o why_o joshua_n may_v not_o as_o well_o spare_v the_o gibeonite_n upon_o their_o dedition_n as_o he_o do_v rahab_n and_o the_o canaanite_n of_o gezer_n upon_o they_o no_o solid_a reason_n can_v be_v assign_v and_o yet_o that_o the_o gergezites_n be_v the_o offspring_n of_o the_o inhabitant_n of_o gezer_n be_v spare_v and_o live_v as_o tributary_n to_o the_o israelite_n till_o christ_n time_n be_v most_o evident_a by_o the_o sacred_a story_n the_o immediate_a cause_n of_o the_o destruction_n of_o all_o the_o rest_n of_o the_o canaanite_n be_v not_o any_o inexorable_a command_n give_v by_o god_n to_o moses_n for_o that_o leave_v they_o a_o possibility_n to_o live_v because_o a_o power_n to_o submit_v but_o the_o hardness_n of_o their_o heart_n which_o proceed_v from_o god_n as_o a_o punishment_n for_o all_o their_o great_a provocation_n jos_n 11.19_o 20._o that_o so_o he_o may_v destroy_v they_o utter_o without_o any_o mercy_n as_o the_o lord_n command_v moses_n wherefore_o consider_v that_o in_o case_n the_o gibeonite_n have_v deal_v plain_o with_o moses_n which_o they_o dare_v not_o do_v for_o fear_n of_o he_o and_o have_v voluntary_o give_v themselves_o up_o as_o bond-servant_n it_o be_v probable_a that_o he_o will_v have_v spare_v their_o life_n under_o the_o same_o condition_n as_o he_o do_v the_o inhabitant_n of_o gezer_n therefore_o valuit_fw-la juramentum_fw-la the_o oath_n be_v to_o remain_v inviolable_a yea_o and_o the_o breach_n of_o this_o oath_n three_o hundred_o year_n after_o when_o saul_n either_o forget_v the_o oath_n of_o his_o forefather_n or_o out_o of_o a_o well-meant_a zeal_n slay_v some_o of_o these_o gibeonite_n cost_v the_o life_n of_o many_o thousand_o israelite_n 21.6_o 2_o sam._n 21.6_o in_o the_o three_o year_n famine_n which_o god_n bring_v upon_o israel_n of_o this_o opinion_n be_v st._n ambrose_n who_o handle_v this_o question_n say_v joshua_n do_v not_o think_v it_o safe_a to_o break_v the_o peace_n with_o the_o gibeonite_n because_o he_o have_v confirm_v it_o by_o oath_n ne_o dum_fw-la aliorum_fw-la perfidiam_fw-la arguit_fw-la 10._o de_fw-fr off._n l._n 3._o c._n 10._o svam_fw-la fidem_fw-la solveret_fw-la lest_o while_o he_o punish_v other_o for_o their_o perfidiousness_n he_o shall_v be_v find_v guilty_a of_o perjury_n neither_o do_v this_o fraud_n of_o they_o go_v altogether_o unpunished_a for_o whereas_o have_v they_o deal_v plain_o they_o have_v be_v admit_v upon_o pay_v of_o tribute_n only_o now_o their_o corporal_a slavery_n be_v at_o once_o the_o price_n of_o their_o life_n and_o the_o just_a punishment_n of_o their_o craft_n and_o subtilty_n so_o be_v the_o brutiani_fw-la serve_v by_o the_o roman_n 3._o loh_n 10._o c._n 3._o as_o gellius_n relate_v v._o the_o word_n of_o a_o oath_n not_o to_o be_v too_o far_o extend_v neither_o shall_v the_o meaning_n of_o a_o oath_n be_v wrest_v to_o any_o other_o sense_n than_o the_o word_n do_v usual_o bear_v wherefore_o when_o the_o child_n of_o israel_n have_v swear_v not_o to_o give_v their_o daughter_n in_o marriage_n to_o the_o benjamite_n do_v notwithstanding_o suffer_v the_o benjamite_n to_o take_v the_o daughter_n of_o shiloh_n by_o force_n and_o to_o enjoy_v they_o they_o be_v not_o guilty_a of_o perjury_n for_o it_o be_v one_o thing_n to_o give_v and_o another_o not_o to_o require_v what_o be_v already_o lose_v whereof_o st._n ambrose_n speak_v thus_o this_o indulgence_n of_o they_o be_v not_o without_o a_o punishment_n suitable_a to_o their_o intemperance_n while_o they_o be_v permit_v only_o to_o enjoy_v those_o who_o they_o have_v ravish_v without_o the_o solemnity_n of_o marriage_n nec_fw-la hortabantur_fw-la israelitae_n nec_fw-la prohibebant_fw-la say_v joseph_n the_o israelite_n do_v neither_o encourage_v the_o benjamite_n nor_o forbid_v they_o now_o the_o law_n say_v seneca_n may_v punish_v he_o that_o succour_v a_o exile_n but_o not_o he_o that_o only_o suffer_v he_o to_o be_v relieve_v not_o much_o unlike_a be_v that_o request_n which_o the_o achaian_n make_v to_o the_o roman_n who_o be_v high_o displease_v at_o some_o thing_n by_o they_o do_v and_o confirm_v by_o oath_n namely_o that_o the_o roman_n will_v be_v please_v to_o alter_v what_o they_o will_v but_o not_o to_o bind_v they_o by_o any_o religious_a vow_n to_o null_a those_o thing_n which_o they_o have_v already_o establish_v by_o oath_n vi_o oath_n bound_v not_o to_o thing_n unlawful_a second_o that_o a_o oath_n be_v bind_v it_o be_v necessary_a that_o it_o refer_v to_o thing_n lawful_a for_o if_o the_o thing_n promise_v upon_o oath_n be_v forbid_v either_o by_o the_o law_n of_o nature_n or_o by_o the_o divine_a law_n or_o interdict_v by_o humane_a law_n whereof_o more_o anon_o it_o have_v no_o power_n at_o all_o to_o oblige_v we_o that_o which_o be_v unlawful_a to_o be_v swear_v be_v unlawful_a to_o be_v do_v be_v swear_v and_o that_o which_o be_v unlawful_a for_o we_o to_o do_v be_v unlawful_a to_o be_v swear_v all_o oath_n have_v a_o tacit_a exception_n of_o the_o high_a power_n and_o of_o former_a oath_n now_o god_n be_v great_a than_o man_n and_o therefore_o have_v first_o bind_v ourselves_o unto_o he_o no_o oath_n make_v against_o he_o or_o against_o our_o duty_n to_o he_o aught_o by_o we_o to_o be_v perform_v but_o repent_v of_o no_o weapon_n form_v against_o he_o shall_v prosper_v say_v the_o prophet_n es_fw-ge 54._o it_o be_v good_a counsel_n that_o philo_n give_v in_o this_o case_n let_v he_o that_o go_v about_o to_o do_v a_o unjust_a act_n by_o reason_n of_o his_o oath_n know_v that_o he_o do_v not_o thereby_o perform_v his_o oath_n but_o break_v it_o for_o a_o oath_n be_v a_o sacred_a thing_n which_o deserve_v our_o great_a care_n and_o devotion_n to_o preserve_v whereby_o we_o stand_v oblige_v to_o do_v such_o thing_n only_o as_o be_v just_a and_o honest_a for_o he_o do_v but_o accumulate_v one_o sin_n upon_o another_o who_o to_o a_o wicked_a oath_n add_v a_o dishonest_a action_n wherefore_o let_v he_o that_o have_v ensnare_v his_o own_o soul_n by_o a_o rash_a vow_n yet_o refrain_v from_o do_v wicked_o that_o god_n who_o be_v rich_a in_o mercy_n may_v forgive_v he_o for_o wilful_o to_o contract_v a_o double_a guilt_n when_o we_o may_v be_v discharge_v from_o a_o single_a one_o be_v a_o incurable_a madness_n rash_n vow_n be_v ill_o make_v and_o sometime_o worse_o keep_v our_o tongue_n must_v not_o bind_v our_o hand_n to_o do_v wicked_o 25._o 1_o sam._n 25._o david_n be_v less_o sinful_a in_o break_v his_o oath_n and_o spare_v the_o life_n of_o nabal_n who_o he_o have_v swear_v to_o kill_v than_o herod_n be_v in_o kill_v the_o baptist_n or_o agamemnon_n in_o sacrifice_v iphigenia_n for_o their_o oath_n sake_n sure_o oath_n be_v never_o invent_v to_o be_v the_o bond_n of_o iniquity_n praestare_fw-la fateor_fw-la posse_fw-la i_o tacitam_fw-la fidem_fw-la si_fw-la scelere_fw-la careat_fw-la interim_n scelus_fw-la est_fw-la fides_fw-la my_o faith_n perform_v i_o can_v i_o do_v confess_v if_o void_a of_o sin_n else_o faith_n but_o wickedness_n some_o promise_n can_v be_v perform_v say_v ambrose_n nor_o some_o oath_n keep_v without_o the_o violation_n of_o our_o duty_n to_o god_n or_o man._n and_o if_o
fit_a opportunity_n to_o treat_v hereof_o when_o we_o come_v to_o speak_v of_o such_o accident_n as_o usual_o happen_v in_o war._n chap._n xvi_o concern_v the_o true_a meaning_n and_o interpretation_n of_o league_n and_o promise_n i._o how_o promise_n do_v outward_o bind_v ii_o the_o word_n to_o be_v understand_v as_o vulgar_o take_v unless_o strong_a conjecture_n lead_v we_o otherwise_o iii_o word_n of_o art_n according_a to_o art_n iu_o conjecture_n useful_a where_o the_o word_n be_v either_o ambiguous_a or_o seem_v to_o be_v repugnant_a or_o offer_v themselves_o free_o as_o v._o from_o the_o subject_a matter_n of_o the_o promise_n vi_o from_o the_o effect_n vii_o from_o thing_n conjoin_v either_o in_o beginning_n or_o in_o place_n also_o viii_o whereunto_o appertain_v that_o conjecture_n that_o be_v draw_v from_o the_o reason_n move_v and_o when_o and_o how_o that_o take_v place_n ix_o of_o the_o large_a and_o strict_a signification_n of_o word_n x._o the_o distinction_n of_o promise_n into_o favourable_a burdensome_a and_o mix_v or_o middle_a xi_o concern_v the_o act_n of_o king_n or_o people_n the_o difference_n of_o those_o contract_n which_o oblige_v in_o equity_n and_o of_o those_o that_o oblige_v in_o strictness_n of_o law_n reject_v xii_o out_o of_o these_o distinction_n some_o rule_n be_v form_v that_o will_v guide_v we_o in_o our_o interpretation_n of_o promise_n and_o contract_n xiii_o whether_o under_o the_o name_n of_o associate_n those_o in_o present_a or_o those_o also_o in_o future_a be_v comprehend_v and_o how_o far_o fourteen_o how_o these_o word_n be_v to_o be_v understand_v that_o one_o party_n shall_v not_o make_v war_n without_o the_o approbation_n of_o the_o other_o xv._o concern_v these_o word_n that_o carthage_n shall_v be_v free_a xvi_o what_o contract_n be_v to_o be_v account_v personal_a and_o what_o real_a explain_v by_o distinction_n xvii_o a_o league_n make_v with_o a_o king_n be_v in_o force_n though_o that_o king_n be_v expel_v his_o kingdom_n xviii_o but_o not_o as_o to_o he_o that_o usurp_v the_o kingdom_n xix_o a_o promise_v make_v to_o he_o that_o shall_v first_o do_v a_o thing_n if_o that_o thing_n be_v do_v by_o many_o at_o once_o to_o who_o be_v it_o due_a xx._n a_o conjecture_n free_o offer_v itself_o may_v either_o be_v extend_v and_o in_o what_o case_n xxi_o concern_v the_o fulfil_n of_o a_o command_n not_o direct_o in_o kind_n but_o in_o another_o kind_n as_o good_a or_o better_a xxii_o or_o contract_v and_o that_o either_o from_o some_o original_a defect_n in_o the_o will_n which_o also_o may_v be_v collect_v either_o from_o the_o absurdity_n that_o will_v ensue_v xxiii_o or_o when_o that_o which_o be_v the_o sole_a cause_n exciting_a the_o will_n shall_v cease_v xxiv_o or_o from_o the_o defect_n of_o the_o matter_n xxv_o observation_n upon_o the_o aforesaid_a conjecture_n xxvi_o or_o from_o the_o repugnancy_n of_o some_o emergent_a case_n with_o the_o will_n which_o may_v be_v collect_v either_o as_o be_v unlawful_a xxvii_o or_o when_o by_o reason_n of_o that_o act_n some_o great_a damage_n or_o charge_n arise_v to_o he_o that_o promise_v xxviii_o or_o by_o some_o other_o sign_n as_o when_o the_o part_n of_o the_o writing_n do_v clash_v one_o against_o the_o other_o xxix_o by_o what_o rule_v then_o we_o be_v to_o steer_v our_o conjecture_n xxx_o that_o in_o a_o dubious_a case_n a_o writing_n be_v not_o necessary_a to_o perfect_v a_o contract_n xxxi_o that_o the_o contract_n of_o king_n be_v not_o to_o be_v interpret_v by_o the_o roman_a law_n xxxii_o who_o word_n be_v most_o to_o be_v observe_v his_o that_o offer_v a_o condition_n or_o his_o that_o accept_v of_o it_o explain_v by_o a_o distinction_n i._o how_o promise_v bind_v external_o if_o we_o respect_v the_o person_n alone_o that_o promise_v he_o be_v oblige_v to_o perform_v that_o free_o whereunto_o he_o be_v willing_a to_o be_v bind_v what_o cicero_n say_v in_o this_o case_n be_v true_a 1._o true_a de_fw-fr off_z l._n 1._o in_o fide_fw-la quid_fw-la senseris_fw-la non_fw-la quid_fw-la dixeris_fw-la cogitandum_fw-la in_o thing_n depend_v upon_o faith_n what_o thou_o mean_v be_v more_o to_o be_v consider_v than_o what_o thou_o say_v but_o because_o our_o inward_a thought_n be_v not_o discernible_a and_o that_o there_o will_v be_v no_o obligation_n at_o all_o by_o promise_n be_v every_o man_n leave_v at_o liberty_n to_o frame_v what_o interpretation_n he_o please_v of_o they_o therefore_o some_o certain_a rule_n must_v be_v agree_v upon_o whereby_o we_o may_v know_v to_o what_o our_o promise_n do_v bind_v we_o and_o sure_o natural_a reason_n will_v inform_v we_o that_o he_o to_o who_o any_o thing_n be_v promise_v have_v a_o power_n to_o enforce_v the_o promiser_n to_o that_o which_o his_o promise_n right_o interpret_v do_v suggest_v for_o otherwise_o no_o treaty_n will_v have_v a_o end_n which_o in_o thing_n appertain_v to_o morality_n be_v hold_v impossible_a and_o perhaps_o in_o this_o it_o be_v â—hat_n isocrates_n treat_v of_o agreement_n in_o his_o prescription_n against_o calimachus_n say_v we_o man_n do_v all_o of_o we_o whether_o greek_n or_o barbarian_n dispatch_v affair_n use_v this_o common_a rule_n hence_o it_o be_v that_o in_o ancient_a league_n this_o form_n be_v usual_a say_v livy_n without_o any_o evil_a fraud_n according_a to_o the_o usual_a sense_n and_o true_a meaning_n of_o the_o word_n here_o at_o this_o time_n thus_o do_v the_o hebrew_n doctor_n upon_o the_o 30._o of_o number_n interpret_v vow_n in_o that_o sense_n as_o the_o word_n be_v common_o then_o understand_v the_o best_a rule_n of_o interpretation_n be_v that_o which_o guess_v at_o the_o will_n by_o the_o most_o probable_a sign_n now_o these_o sign_n be_v of_o two_o sort_n as_o word_n and_o other_o conjecture_n and_o these_o consider_v sometime_o a_o part_n and_o sometime_o conjoin_v ii_o according_a to_o the_o sense_n of_o the_o word_n if_o other_o conjecture_n do_v not_o hinder_v if_o there_o be_v no_o conjecture_n that_o guide_v we_o otherwise_o the_o word_n be_v to_o be_v understand_v according_a to_o their_o propriety_n not_o that_o which_o be_v grammatical_a or_o primitive_a but_o that_o which_o be_v vulgar_a and_o most_o in_o use_n quem_fw-la penes_fw-la arbitrium_fw-la est_fw-la &_o jus_o &_o norma_fw-la loquendi_fw-la which_o giu_v at_o pleasure_n rule_n and_o law_n to_o speech_n it_o be_v very_o well_o say_v by_o procopius_n 1._o vand._n l._n 1._o long_a time_n do_v not_o always_o preserve_v word_n in_o the_o same_o signification_n as_o they_o be_v at_o first_o give_v for_o the_o very_a thing_n themselves_o be_v turn_v in_o sense_n according_a to_o man_n pleasure_n without_o regard_n to_o those_o name_n that_o be_v original_o impose_v on_o they_o it_o be_v but_o a_o simple_a refuge_n that_o the_o locrian_o make_v use_v of_o against_o perjury_n when_o have_v put_v some_o of_o their_o enemy_n earth_n into_o their_o shoe_n and_o carry_v some_o head_n of_o garlic_n covert_o on_o their_o shoulder_n they_o swear_v they_o will_v keep_v the_o article_n of_o the_o league_n which_o be_v very_o grievous_a so_o long_o as_o they_o carry_v those_o head_n on_o their_o shoulder_n and_o tread_v upon_o that_o earth_n but_o have_v cast_v away_o the_o earth_n out_o of_o their_o shoe_n and_o throw_v away_o those_o head_n of_o garlic_n from_o their_o shoulder_n they_o think_v themselves_o absolve_v from_o their_o oath_n which_o story_n we_o find_v in_o polybius_n not_o much_o unlike_a be_v that_o of_o the_o boeotian_o in_o thucydides_n 12._o lib._n 12._o who_o have_v promise_v to_o restore_v a_o certain_a city_n think_v it_o sufficient_a to_o preserve_v their_o faith_n if_o they_o restore_v it_o not_o stand_v but_o demolish_a so_o sultan_n mahomet_n have_v take_v euboea_n cut_v the_o governors_n body_n asunder_o who_o head_n he_o have_v promise_v to_o preserve_v but_o as_o cicero_n well_o observe_v this_o be_v not_o a_o way_n to_o prevent_v perjury_n but_o to_o confirm_v it_o iii_o word_n of_o art_n according_a to_o art_n finitivum_fw-la referent_a ad_fw-la flatum_fw-la finitivum_fw-la if_o in_o a_o league_n there_o be_v a_o occasion_n to_o make_v use_n of_o term_n of_o art_n which_o the_o people_n understand_v not_o those_o term_n be_v to_o be_v define_v and_o explain_v by_o the_o most_o skilful_a in_o that_o art_n as_o what_o majesty_n be_v what_o parricide_n etc._n etc._n wherewith_o rhetorician_n use_v to_o limit_v the_o matter_n treat_v of_o for_o what_o cicero_n say_v be_v very_o true_a that_o the_o term_n of_o logic_n be_v not_o vulgar_a but_o proper_a to_o themselves_o only_o as_o indeed_o be_v the_o term_n of_o every_o art_n as_o when_o the_o word_n army_n be_v use_v it_o be_v to_o be_v understand_v of_o such_o a_o number_n of_o soldier_n as_o dare_v open_o invade_v another_o dominion_n for_o historian_n do_v distinguish_v between_o those_o
that_o make_v spoil_v of_o another_o territory_n secret_o and_o like_a robber_n and_o those_o that_o do_v it_o open_o with_o a_o just_a army_n now_o the_o best_a way_n to_o judge_v what_o number_n make_v a_o army_n be_v by_o the_o strength_n of_o he_o against_o who_o it_o be_v send_v out_o in_o cicero_n account_n six_o legion_n with_o auxiliary_n be_v a_o army_n polybius_n be_v of_o opinion_n that_o one_o hundred_o and_o sixty_o thousand_o roman_n and_o twenty_o thousand_o of_o their_o associate_n make_v a_o complete_a army_n but_o a_o lesser_a nember_n may_v also_o sometime_o do_v it_o ulpian_n give_v he_o the_o title_n of_o general_n that_o have_v the_o charge_n of_o a_o roman_a legion_n with_o some_o auxiliary_n which_o as_o vegetius_n expound_v it_o consist_v of_o ten_o thousand_o foot_n and_o two_o thousand_o horse_n livy_n seem_v to_o contract_v a_o army_n to_o eight_o thousand_o the_o like_a may_v be_v say_v of_o a_o fleet_n which_o a_o certain_a number_n of_o man_n of_o war_n make_v up_o sometime_o more_o sometime_o less_o a_o fort_n be_v a_o place_n so_o fortify_v that_o it_o may_v hold_v out_o against_o a_o army_n for_o a_o time_n arx_n from_o arceo_fw-la to_o repel_v or_o drive_v away_o because_o by_o fort_n the_o enemy_n be_v restrain_v and_o drive_v back_o iv_o interpretation_n by_o conjecture_n conjecture_n be_v useful_a when_o word_n or_o sentence_n will_v admit_v of_o diverse_a fence_n which_o rhetorician_n term_v amphibology_n but_o logician_n do_v more_o subtle_o distinguish_v for_o if_o one_o word_n will_v admit_v of_o diverse_a signification_n they_o call_v it_o a_o homonymy_a if_o a_o sentence_n will_v admit_v of_o a_o double_a sense_n they_o term_v it_o a_o amphiboly_n so_o likewise_o when_o in_o any_o contrct_n therer_n appear_v any_o seem_a repugnancy_n then_o must_v we_o fly_v to_o conjecture_n as_o also_o where_o its_o several_a part_n seem_v to_o clash_v one_o against_o the_o other_o we_o must_v by_o guess_v at_o the_o sense_n reconcile_v they_o if_o possible_o we_o can_v but_o if_o not_o then_o shall_v that_o be_v admit_v which_o please_v the_o contracter_n last_o because_o it_o be_v not_o possible_a that_o at_o one_o and_o the_o same_o time_n the_o will_n shall_v embrace_v two_o contrary_n and_o in_o thing_n that_o depend_v upon_o the_o will_n the_o latter_a act_n derogate_v from_o the_o former_a whether_o it_o be_v the_o act_n of_o one_o party_n only_o as_o in_o a_o law_n or_o a_o testament_n or_o of_o more_o as_o in_o contract_n or_o agreement_n in_o which_o case_n the_o evident_a obscurity_n of_o the_o word_n and_o sentence_n do_v justify_v our_o conjecture_n sometime_o again_o the_o conjecture_n themselves_o be_v so_o plain_a and_o evident_a that_o they_o carry_v we_o to_o a_o sense_n contrary_a to_o those_o of_o the_o word_n the_o common_a head_n whence_o these_o conjecture_n arise_v be_v chief_o either_o from_o the_o matter_n or_o from_o the_o effect_n or_o from_o other_o thing_n conjoin_v v._o from_o the_o matter_n first_o from_o the_o matter_n as_o the_o word_n day_n if_o a_o truce_n be_v make_v for_o thirty_o day_n ought_v to_o be_v understand_v of_o natural_a day_n but_o not_o of_o civil_a be_v most_o agreeable_a to_o the_o subject_a matter_n so_o the_o word_n donare_fw-la i._n e._n to_o give_v free_o be_v take_v to_o transact_v according_a to_o the_o quality_n of_o the_o affair_n the_o word_n arm_n sometime_o signify_v instrument_n of_o war_n and_o sometime_o arm_a soldier_n be_v to_o be_v understand_v in_o such_o a_o sense_n as_o be_v most_o congruous_a to_o the_o matter_n whereunto_o it_o be_v conjoin_v so_o when_o man_n be_v promise_v to_o be_v deliver_v it_o be_v to_o be_v understand_v of_o live_a man_n not_o of_o dead_a contrary_a to_o the_o cavil_v of_o the_o plataean_n so_o where_o soldier_n be_v require_v to_o lay_v down_o their_o iron_n or_o steel_n it_o be_v enough_o if_o they_o lie_v down_o their_o weapon_n and_o not_o their_o steel_n button_n as_o pericleâ—_n will_v have_v it_o and_o by_o a_o free_a departure_n out_o of_o a_o city_n be_v mean_v a_o safe_a conduct_n to_o the_o place_n agree_v on_o contrary_a to_o that_o fact_n of_o alexander_n and_o by_o leave_v half_o a_o fleet_n be_v mean_v the_o one_o half_a of_o the_o number_n of_o ship_n whole_a not_o dissect_v contrary_a to_o what_o the_o roman_n deal_v with_o antiochus_n the_o same_o judgement_n may_v pass_v upon_o the_o like_a case_n vi_o from_o the_o effect_n then_o from_o the_o effect_n the_o chief_a whereof_o be_v this_o if_o the_o word_n take_v in_o the_o most_o usual_a sense_n do_v infer_v a_o effect_n contrary_a to_o reason_n then_o may_v we_o fly_v to_o conjecture_n for_o where_o the_o word_n be_v ambiguous_a we_o must_v take_v it_o in_o such_o a_o sense_n as_o will_v admit_v of_o no_o incongruity_n it_o be_v therefore_o but_o a_o foolish_a cavil_v of_o brasidas_n who_o have_v promise_v to_o depart_v with_o his_o army_n out_o of_o the_o field_n of_o the_o boeotian_o deny_v afterward_o that_o the_o place_n where_o his_o camp_n be_v pitch_v belong_v to_o the_o boeotian_o as_o if_o that_o promise_n have_v be_v make_v in_o reference_n to_o the_o possession_n which_o the_o present_a fortune_n of_o the_o war_n have_v give_v he_o and_o not_o to_o the_o ancient_a bound_n of_o the_o boeotian_o in_o which_o sense_n the_o agreement_n have_v be_v void_a vii_o or_o from_o other_o thing_n conjoin_v arise_v from_o the_o same_o will_n last_o from_o other_o thing_n conjoin_v and_o those_o either_o such_o as_o spring_v from_o the_o same_o root_n i._n e._n from_o the_o same_o evil_n though_o haply_o in_o some_o other_o place_n or_o upon_o other_o occasion_n declare_v whereupon_o we_o ground_n our_o conjecture_n for_o it_o be_v to_o be_v presume_v that_o in_o a_o case_n that_o be_v dubious_a the_o will_n do_v constant_o adhere_v to_o one_o sense_n as_o in_o homer_n where_o it_o be_v say_v it_o be_v agree_v between_o menelaus_n and_o paris_n that_o helen_n shall_v be_v his_o that_o shall_v be_v the_o victor_n it_o be_v afterward_o judge_v who_o shall_v be_v the_o victor_n namely_o he_o that_o kill_v the_o other_o 9.13_o symp._n 9.13_o for_o say_v plutarch_n judge_n be_v guide_v by_o that_o which_o be_v plain_a and_o not_o by_o that_o which_o be_v obscure_a adimant_n ad_fw-la adimant_n it_o be_v a_o excellent_a observation_n of_o augustine_n concern_v some_o heretic_n that_o they_o cull_v out_o some_o sentence_n of_o scripture_n whereby_o they_o delude_v the_o simple_a by_o their_o not_o observe_v the_o coherence_n of_o it_o to_o that_o which_o go_v before_o and_o that_o which_o follow_v after_o whereby_o the_o meaning_n of_o the_o writer_n be_v to_o have_v be_v discover_v viii_o and_o in_o the_o same_o place_n or_o from_o such_o thing_n as_o be_v also_o conjoin_v in_o the_o same_o place_n among_o which_o the_o most_o forceable_a be_v the_o reason_n of_o a_o law_n which_o some_o confound_v with_o the_o mind_n of_o the_o law_n whereas_o it_o be_v but_o one_o of_o those_o sign_n whereby_o we_o guess_v at_o the_o mind_n of_o the_o law_n so_o cicero_n in_o his_o oration_n for_o caecina_n whether_o i_o be_o throw_v out_o of_o my_o possession_n by_o your_o lawful_a attorney_n in_o your_o absence_n or_o by_o your_o tenant_n farmer_n or_o servant_n who_o force_v i_o out_o in_o your_o name_n and_o by_o your_o command_n it_o make_v a_o difference_n for_o reason_n of_o the_o law_n hold_v in_o any_o of_o these_o case_n now_o of_o all_o conjecture_n this_o be_v the_o strong_a when_o it_o evident_o appear_v that_o the_o will_n be_v excite_v to_o such_o a_o thing_n by_o some_o one_o reason_n as_o its_o solitary_a cause_n for_o ofttimes_o there_o may_v be_v many_o consideration_n move_v we_o to_o do_v a_o thing_n and_o sometime_o beside_o reason_n the_o will_n to_o show_v its_o freedom_n determine_v itself_o and_o this_o alone_a be_v sufficient_a to_o beget_v a_o obligation_n thus_o thing_n give_v in_o reference_n to_o a_o marriage_n alter_v not_o their_o property_n in_o case_n the_o marriage_n succeed_v not_o ix_o by_o a_o strict_a or_o large_a signification_n of_o word_n moreover_o many_o word_n will_v admit_v of_o divers_a signification_n as_o be_v take_v sometime_o strict_o sometime_o large_o which_o proceed_v from_o many_o reason_n either_o because_o the_o name_n of_o the_o genus_fw-la do_v adhere_v to_o one_o of_o the_o species_n as_o in_o those_o word_n of_o cognation_n and_o adoption_n and_o in_o word_n of_o the_o masculine_a gender_n which_o be_v take_v for_o the_o common_a where_o the_o common_a be_v want_v or_o because_o word_n of_o art_n be_v more_o extensive_a than_o those_o that_o be_v vulgar_a as_o death_n in_o the_o civil_a extend_v to_o banishment_n but_o in_o the_o vulgar_a acception_n imply_v only_o a_o separation_n of_o the_o soul_n from_o the_o
may_v not_o defend_v they_o yea_o certain_o they_o may_v but_o not_o by_o virtue_n of_o the_o league_n but_o by_o the_o law_n of_o nature_n which_o that_o league_n have_v not_o abrogate_a so_o that_o the_o saguntines_n be_v at_o that_o time_n both_o to_o the_o roman_n and_o to_o the_o carthaginian_n in_o such_o a_o state_n as_o if_o in_o that_o league_n there_o have_v be_v no_o mention_n at_o all_o make_v of_o friend_n in_o which_o case_n both_o the_o carthaginian_n may_v revenge_v the_o injury_n do_v they_o and_o the_o roman_n may_v also_o just_o defend_v they_o without_o break_v their_o league_n one_o with_o the_o other_o thus_o the_o roman_n answer_v the_o samnite_n who_o desire_v that_o they_o may_v have_v liberty_n to_o make_v war_n upon_o the_o sidicine_n without_o offence_n to_o they_o that_o they_o know_v nothing_o to_o the_o contrary_a but_o that_o the_o samnite_n have_v power_n to_o make_v peace_n or_o war_n upon_o who_o they_o please_v and_o in_o the_o league_n make_v with_o antiochus_n it_o be_v provide_v that_o if_o any_o of_o the_o ally_n of_o the_o roman_n shall_v make_v war_n against_o antiochus_n it_o may_v be_v lawful_a for_o he_o by_o force_n to_o repel_v they_o so_o as_o he_o hold_v not_o any_o of_o their_o city_n from_o they_o by_o the_o right_n of_o war_n nor_o contract_v any_o alliance_n with_o they_o 38._o liv._o l._n 38._o in_o the_o time_n of_o king_n pyrrhus_n it_o be_v thus_o covenant_v in_o a_o league_n between_o the_o roman_n and_o the_o carthaginian_n that_o in_o case_n either_o of_o the_o two_o city_n shall_v make_v peace_n with_o pyrrhus_n it_o shall_v be_v with_o a_o reservation_n of_o liberty_n to_o send_v succour_n unto_o that_o city_n against_o which_o pyrrhus_n shall_v at_o any_o time_n make_v war._n i_o do_v not_o say_v that_o the_o war_n on_o both_o side_n in_o these_o case_n can_v be_v just_a but_o i_o deny_v that_o if_o either_o party_n do_v send_v succour_n unto_o the_o other_o they_o do_v therein_o violate_v the_o league_n make_v between_o they_o as_o polybius_n right_o distinguish_v concern_v the_o succour_n send_v to_o the_o mamertine_n 1._o pol._n l._n 1._o whether_o it_o be_v just_a and_o whether_o it_o be_v lawful_a so_o to_o do_v without_o violate_v the_o league_n thus_o do_v alamandaras_n king_n of_o the_o saracen_n plead_v for_o himself_o that_o none_o of_o the_o article_n of_o the_o agreement_n make_v between_o the_o roman_n and_o the_o persian_n have_v be_v by_o he_o violate_v for_o as_o much_o as_o he_o be_v not_o so_o much_o as_o name_v in_o they_o by_o either_o party_n pers_n procop._n pers_n thus_o also_o do_v the_o corcyrian_o tell_v the_o athenian_n that_o notwithstanding_o their_o league_n make_v with_o the_o lacedaemonian_n they_o may_v send_v they_o succour_n because_o it_o be_v in_o their_o own_o power_n notwithstanding_o that_o league_n to_o admit_v of_o any_o new_a friend_n at_o their_o own_o pleasure_n and_o the_o athenian_n do_v afterward_o assume_v this_o liberty_n command_v their_o general_n not_o to_o make_v war_n against_o the_o corinthian_n unless_o they_o see_v the_o corinthian_n ready_a to_o invade_v the_o corcyrian_o in_o any_o of_o their_o territory_n lest_o they_o shall_v seem_v to_o break_v their_o league_n with_o the_o corinthian_n for_o it_o be_v no_o breach_n of_o a_o league_n that_o they_o who_o be_v injure_v by_o other_o shall_v by_o other_o be_v defend_v so_o long_o as_o the_o peace_n in_o other_o thing_n be_v preserve_v and_o so_o after_o these_o time_n the_o corcyrian_o decree_v that_o they_o will_v assist_v with_o their_o arm_n the_o athenian_n their_o ally_n according_a to_o their_o covenant_n and_o yet_o preserve_v the_o right_n of_o friendship_n with_o the_o lacedaemonian_n justin_n write_v of_o those_o very_a time_n say_v that_o the_o athenian_n break_v that_o truce_n in_o the_o name_n of_o their_o ally_n the_o corcyrian_o which_o they_o make_v in_o their_o own_o name_n with_o the_o corinthian_n think_v it_o a_o lesser_a perjury_n to_o help_v their_o friend_n be_v invade_v than_o to_o engage_v against_o the_o corinthian_n in_o a_o solemn_a war._n so_o the_o athenian_n make_v a_o peace_n with_o king_n philip_n do_v express_o provide_v that_o those_o grecian_a city_n that_o be_v not_o comprehend_v in_o that_o peace_n may_v remain_v free_a and_o if_o any_o man_n do_v molest_v they_o it_o may_v be_v lawful_a for_o those_o that_o be_v include_v in_o that_o peace_n to_o defend_v they_o and_o let_v this_o example_n suffice_v for_o equal_a league_n fourteen_o what_o be_v mean_v by_o this_o clause_n that_o one_o party_n shall_v not_o make_v war_n without_o the_o consent_n of_o the_o other_o in_o such_o league_n as_o be_v unequal_a we_o shall_v give_v another_o if_o it_o be_v agree_v that_o one_o of_o the_o confederate_n shall_v not_o make_v war_n without_o the_o other_o consent_n as_o it_o be_v in_o that_o between_o the_o roman_n and_o the_o carthaginian_n after_o the_o second_o punic_a war_n and_o as_o it_o be_v also_o in_o the_o league_n between_o the_o roman_n and_o the_o macedonian_n before_o the_o reign_n of_o king_n perseus_n since_o under_o the_o notion_n of_o make_v war_n all_o war_n may_v be_v comprehend_v as_o well_o that_o which_o be_v defensive_a as_o that_o which_o be_v offensive_a the_o word_n be_v to_o be_v take_v in_o its_o strict_a signification_n lest_o the_o liberty_n of_o defend_v ourselves_o be_v natural_a shall_v be_v too_o much_o straiten_v xv._o that_o carthage_n shall_v be_v free_a how_o mean_v of_o the_o same_o kind_n be_v that_o which_o the_o roman_n promise_v namely_o that_o carthage_n shall_v be_v free_a which_o though_o it_o can_v not_o reasonable_o be_v understand_v of_o absolute_a power_n from_o the_o very_a act_n for_o they_o have_v long_o before_o lose_v the_o right_n of_o make_v war_n and_o diverse_a other_o privilege_n yet_o be_v it_o to_o be_v presume_v that_o some_o kind_n of_o liberty_n shall_v be_v lest_o they_o and_o so_o much_o at_o least_o that_o they_o shall_v not_o be_v oblige_v to_o translate_v the_o seat_n of_o their_o dwell_n into_o a_o foreign_a country_n and_o to_o have_v their_o own_o city_n demolish_v it_o be_v therefore_o a_o foul_a gloss_n which_o the_o roman_n do_v afterward_o put_v upon_o that_o promise_n when_o they_o urge_v that_o by_o carthage_n they_o mean_v the_o multitude_n of_o their_o citizen_n and_o not_o their_o city_n which_o though_o improper_a may_v be_v grant_v because_o of_o that_o attribute_n free_a which_o be_v more_o agreeable_a to_o their_o citizen_n than_o to_o their_o town_n for_o in_o thâ—se_a word_n carthage_n shall_v be_v leave_v free_a be_v mean_v that_o it_o shall_v be_v govern_v by_o its_o own_o law_n and_o as_o diodorus_n siculus_n expound_v it_o that_o they_o shall_v enjoy_v their_o own_o law_n and_o territory_n their_o own_o religious_a rite_n their_o own_o sepulcher_n and_o their_o own_o liberty_n for_o so_o much_o be_v grant_v in_o leave_v they_o free_a so_o that_o what_o the_o roman_n object_v be_v a_o mere_a cavil_n in_o make_v they_o free_a yet_o take_v their_o city_n from_o they_o xvi_o what_o argument_n be_v real_a and_o what_o personal_n another_o question_n likewise_o do_v usual_o arise_v concern_v contract_n real_a and_o personal_a when_o we_o have_v to_o do_v with_o a_o free_a people_n there_o be_v no_o question_n but_o that_o the_o contract_n that_o be_v make_v with_o they_o be_v in_o its_o own_o nature_n real_a because_o the_o subject_n be_v a_o thing_n permanent_a yea_o though_o that_o popular_a state_n shall_v turn_v into_o a_o monarchy_n yet_o will_v the_o league_n hold_v because_o the_o body_n of_o the_o people_n be_v still_o the_o same_o though_o the_o head_n be_v change_v neither_o do_v the_o supreme_a power_n cease_v to_o be_v the_o power_n of_o the_o people_n because_o exercise_v by_o the_o king_n where_o we_o must_v except_v this_o case_n namely_o where_o it_o appear_v that_o the_o cause_n be_v proper_a to_o that_o state_n only_o as_o when_o free_a city_n enter_v into_o a_o social_n league_n for_o defence_n of_o their_o own_o liberty_n but_o if_o a_o league_n be_v contract_v with_o a_o king_n it_o be_v not_o instant_o to_o be_v account_v personal_n because_o as_o ulpian_n well_o observe_v for_o the_o most_o part_n the_o person_n be_v insert_v in_o the_o league_n not_o that_o the_o league_n be_v personal_a but_o that_o it_o may_v appear_v by_o who_o that_o league_n be_v make_v but_o if_o it_o be_v insert_v in_o the_o league_n that_o it_o shall_v stand_v for_o ever_o or_o that_o it_o be_v so_o make_v for_o the_o general_a good_a of_o the_o kingdom_n or_o that_o it_o be_v make_v with_o he_o and_o his_o successor_n for_o this_o addition_n 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d be_v usual_a say_v libanius_n in_o his_o defence_n of_o demosthenes_n or_o to_o continue_v for_o
such_o a_o limit_a time_n as_o most_o some_o of_o these_o be_v insert_v it_o will_v from_o hence_o sufficient_o appear_v that_o the_o league_n be_v real_a such_o be_v the_o league_n make_v between_o the_o roman_n and_o philip_n king_n of_o macedon_n which_o when_o his_o son_n perseus_n deny_v to_o bind_v he_o be_v the_o cause_n of_o the_o war_n ensue_v there_o be_v also_o other_o word_n that_o may_v serve_v to_o prove_v a_o league_n to_o be_v real_a yea_o and_o sometime_o the_o matter_n itself_o may_v administer_v ground_n for_o probable_a conjecture_n and_o where_o the_o conjecture_n be_v equal_o probable_a there_o we_o may_v conclude_v that_o those_o league_n which_o be_v favourable_a and_o equal_a shall_v be_v account_v real_a those_o that_o be_v grievous_a and_o hateful_a personal_a league_n make_v for_o the_o preservation_n of_o mutual_a peace_n or_o commerce_n be_v favourable_a those_o that_o be_v make_v for_o war_n be_v not_o always_o odious_a as_o some_o hold_n but_o if_o they_o be_v make_v for_o mutual_a defence_n they_o draw_v near_o to_o such_o as_o be_v favourable_a but_o those_o that_o be_v for_o a_o social_n war_n do_v too_o near_o approach_v to_o those_o that_o be_v burdensome_a beside_o in_o those_o that_o be_v make_v for_o any_o war_n great_a respect_n be_v to_o be_v have_v to_o the_o prudence_n and_o justice_n of_o those_o with_o who_o we_o contract_v that_o they_o be_v such_o as_o will_v not_o engage_v we_o in_o a_o war_n either_o unjust_o or_o too_o rash_o when_o it_o may_v be_v avoid_v and_o as_o to_o that_o say_n that_o society_n be_v dissolve_v by_o death_n i_o allege_v it_o not_o here_o for_o this_o appertain_v to_o private_a society_n and_o be_v determinable_a by_o the_o civil_a law_n and_o therefore_o whether_o the_o fidenates_n latin_n etrusians_n and_o sabine_n do_v right_a or_o wrong_n in_o depart_v from_o their_o league_n upon_o the_o death_n of_o romulus_n tullus_n ancus_n priscus_n and_o servius_n can_v right_o be_v determine_v by_o we_o because_o the_o word_n of_o the_o league_n itself_o be_v not_o extant_a the_o queen_n of_o scot_n be_v depose_v by_o the_o estate_n of_o the_o realm_n and_o imprison_v in_o england_n and_o her_o son_n a_o infant_n solemn_o crown_v the_o french_a refuse_v to_o own_o any_o but_o the_o depose_a queen_n say_v that_o the_o ancient_a league_n between_o she_o and_o the_o french_a king_n be_v to_o be_v observe_v whereunto_o the_o english_a reply_v that_o she_o be_v depose_v and_o her_o young_a son_n inaugurate_a the_o french_a king_n ought_v by_o that_o league_n to_o defend_v he_o for_o that_o ancient_a league_n be_v not_o contract_v betwixt_o the_o person_n but_o betwixt_o the_o kingdom_n of_o france_n and_o scotland_n which_o be_v plain_a by_o the_o very_a word_n of_o that_o league_n 1572._o camden_n eliz._n anno_fw-la 1572._o wherein_o it_o be_v provide_v that_o if_o the_o crown_n of_o scotland_n shall_v be_v at_o any_o time_n controvert_v the_o french_a king_n shall_v defend_v he_o to_o who_o the_o estate_n of_o scotland_n shall_v adjudge_v it_o whereunto_o not_o much_o different_a be_v that_o controversy_n in_o justin_n whether_o the_o city_n of_o the_o mede_n which_o have_v be_v tributary_n do_v change_v their_o condition_n with_o the_o change_n of_o their_o empire_n for_o it_o be_v to_o be_v consider_v whether_o in_o that_o convention_n they_o have_v commit_v themselves_o to_o the_o protection_n of_o the_o mede_n and_o here_o we_o must_v note_v that_o bodine_n argument_n be_v by_o no_o mean_n to_o be_v admit_v that_o the_o league_n of_o prince_n bound_v not_o their_o successor_n because_o the_o obligatory_a power_n of_o a_o oath_n die_v with_o he_o that_o take_v it_o for_o a_o oath_n sometime_o bind_v the_o person_n only_o and_o yet_o may_v the_o promise_v make_v and_o confirm_v by_o that_o oath_n bound_v the_o heir_n neither_o be_v it_o altogether_o true_a that_o all_o league_n be_v ground_v upon_o oath_n for_o usual_o there_o be_v power_n enough_o in_o the_o very_a promise_n to_o bind_v though_o for_o the_o more_o reverence_n those_o promise_n be_v confirm_v by_o oath_n publius_n valerius_n be_v consul_n the_o people_n of_o rome_n bind_v themselves_o by_o oath_n to_o assemble_v at_o the_o summons_n of_o the_o consul_n he_o die_v and_o lucius_n quintus_fw-la cincinnatus_n succeed_v he_o the_o tribunes_z of_o the_o people_n begin_v to_o cavil_v allege_v that_o valerius_n be_v dead_a the_o people_n be_v free_v from_o that_o oath_n whereupon_o livy_n give_v his_o judgement_n thus_o that_o general_a contempt_n of_o the_o god_n that_o now_o rage_v have_v not_o then_o corrupt_v that_o age_n neither_o be_v man_n then_o so_o audacious_a as_o to_o give_v unto_o their_o oath_n what_o interpretation_n they_o please_v and_o thereunto_o to_o adapt_v their_o law_n but_o they_o choose_v rather_o to_o compose_v their_o manner_n unto_o that_o whereunto_o they_o have_v so_o religious_o swear_v xvii_o a_o league_n hold_v with_o a_o king_n though_o expel_v his_o kingdom_n sure_o a_o league_n make_v with_o a_o king_n be_v valid_a though_o that_o king_n or_o his_o successor_n be_v expel_v his_o kingdom_n by_o his_o own_o subject_n for_o though_o he_o have_v lose_v his_o possession_n yet_o doubtless_o the_o right_a and_o title_n to_o the_o kingdom_n remain_v in_o he_o according_a to_o that_o of_o lucian_n concern_v the_o roman_a senate_n non_fw-la unquam_fw-la perdidit_fw-la ordo_fw-la mutata_fw-la sva_fw-la jura_fw-la loco_fw-la though_o the_o imperial_a seat_n be_v change_v quite_o yet_o must_v the_o empire_n still_o retain_v its_o right_n xviii_o but_o not_o so_o with_o a_o usurper_n but_o on_o the_o other_o side_n in_o case_n a_o war_n be_v make_v against_o he_o that_o usurp_v the_o kingdom_n with_o the_o consent_n of_o the_o true_a king_n or_o if_o it_o be_v make_v against_o he_o that_o oppress_v a_o free_a people_n before_o he_o have_v be_v establish_v by_o their_o general_n and_o free_a consent_n it_o shall_v not_o be_v interpret_v as_o a_o breach_n of_o any_o former_a league_n because_o these_o man_n though_o they_o have_v get_v possession_n yet_o they_o have_v no_o right_n to_o what_o they_o hold_v and_o therefore_o the_o emperor_n justinian_n deny_v that_o he_o have_v break_v the_o league_n make_v between_o he_o and_o gizerich_n by_o make_v war_n against_o gelimer_n who_o have_v at_o once_o deprive_v the_o lawful_a king_n ilderichus_fw-la both_o of_o his_o liberty_n and_o his_o kingdom_n thus_o do_v titus_n quintius_n also_o plead_v against_o nabis_n on_o the_o behalf_n of_o the_o roman_n we_o make_v no_o league_n or_o confederacy_n with_o thou_o but_o with_o pelops_n the_o just_a and_o lawful_a king_n of_o sparta_n now_o in_o league_n these_o quality_n of_o a_o king_n a_o successor_n and_o the_o like_a be_v favourable_o to_o be_v interpret_v as_o be_v proper_o their_o right_n whereas_o the_o cause_n of_o a_o usurper_n be_v odious_a xix_o a_o promise_v make_v to_o he_o that_o shall_v perform_v such_o a_o act_n if_o more_o do_v it_o together_o to_o who_o be_v the_o promise_v due_a another_o question_n we_o find_v handle_v of_o old_a by_o chrysippus_n namely_o whether_o a_o reward_v promise_v to_o he_o that_o shall_v first_o arrive_v at_o such_o a_o place_n be_v to_o be_v give_v to_o both_o if_o both_o arrive_v together_o or_o else_o to_o neither_o where_o we_o must_v observe_v that_o the_o word_n first_o be_v ambiguous_a for_o either_o it_o signify_v one_o that_o precede_v all_o the_o rest_n or_o one_o before_o who_o none_o but_o because_o the_o reward_n due_a to_o virtue_n be_v to_o be_v construe_v with_o favour_n both_o of_o they_o that_o shall_v arrive_v together_o shall_v share_v the_o reward_n between_o they_o although_o the_o liberality_n of_o scipio_n caesar_n julian_n and_o other_o be_v more_o honourable_a who_o to_o each_o of_o they_o that_o first_o scale_v the_o wall_n if_o more_o than_o one_o do_v it_o together_o give_v the_o entire_a reward_n promise_v and_o let_v these_o suffice_v to_o be_v say_v concern_v the_o proper_a and_o improper_a signification_n of_o word_n xx._n a_o conjecture_n offer_v itself_o either_o extend_v the_o signification_n and_o when_o there_o be_v also_o another_o way_n of_o interpret_n by_o conjecture_n beyond_o the_o signification_n of_o the_o word_n wherein_o the_o promise_n be_v contain_v and_o this_o also_o be_v twofold_n either_o by_o extend_v they_o far_o than_o the_o word_n signify_v or_o by_o restrain_v they_o but_o that_o interpretation_n which_o restrain_v the_o signification_n of_o word_n be_v easy_a but_o that_o which_o enlarge_v they_o more_o difficult_a for_o as_o in_o all_o humane_a thing_n the_o want_n of_o any_o one_o cause_n be_v enough_o to_o make_v all_o the_o rest_n ineffectual_a but_o to_o produce_v a_o effect_n all_o the_o cause_n must_v concur_v so_o also_o in_o this_o case_n of_o obligation_n that_o conjecture_n that_o shall_v
extend_v the_o obligation_n be_v not_o rash_o to_o be_v admit_v but_o with_o much_o more_o caution_n than_o in_o the_o case_n before_o mention_v where_o we_o admit_v of_o word_n in_o their_o large_a signification_n though_o not_o much_o in_o use_n for_o here_o we_o raise_v our_o conjecture_n without_o regard_n have_v to_o the_o word_n promise_v which_o can_v introduce_v a_o obligation_n unless_o the_o conjecture_n be_v very_o certain_a for_o here_o a_o parity_n of_o reason_n be_v not_o sufficient_a unless_o it_o be_v the_o very_a same_o neither_o be_v the_o same_o reason_n at_o all_o time_n sufficient_a because_o as_o i_o say_v before_o reason_n do_v often_o so_o move_v we_o that_o to_o show_v our_o own_o freedom_n our_o will_n be_v of_o itself_o a_o sufficient_a cause_n of_o our_o promise_n without_o any_o other_o reason_n now_o to_o justify_v such_o a_o extend_a conjecture_n beyond_o the_o word_n of_o the_o promise_n it_o be_v necessary_a that_o it_o shall_v plain_o appear_v that_o the_o reason_n under_o which_o that_o case_n which_o we_o will_v comprehend_v fall_n be_v the_o only_a and_o most_o efficacious_a cause_n which_o move_v the_o promiser_n and_o that_o that_o reason_n be_v in_o its_o generality_n so_o consider_v by_o he_o because_o otherwise_o the_o promise_n will_v prove_v either_o unjust_a or_o unprofitable_a as_o for_o example_n a_o agreement_n that_o such_o a_o place_n shall_v not_o be_v surround_v with_o wall_n be_v make_v at_o such_o a_o time_n when_o no_o other_o fortification_n be_v in_o use_n shall_v doubtless_o extend_v to_o all_o muniment_n though_o but_o of_o earth_n in_o case_n it_o do_v appear_v that_o the_o only_a reason_n why_o wall_n be_v prohibit_v be_v that_o that_o place_n shall_v not_o be_v fortify_v another_o example_n be_v usual_o bring_v of_o a_o man_n who_o believe_v his_o wife_n to_o be_v with_o child_n dispose_v his_o estate_n to_o such_o a_o man_n in_o case_n that_o child_n shall_v die_v which_o by_o all_o probable_a conjecture_n shall_v be_v extend_v to_o this_o sense_n or_o if_o such_o a_o child_n shall_v not_o be_v bear_v for_o certain_a it_o be_v that_o the_o will_n of_o the_o testator_n be_v move_v with_o this_o only_a consideration_n that_o then_o he_o shall_v have_v no_o child_n of_o his_o own_o to_o inherit_v it_o this_o case_n we_o shall_v find_v not_o among_o the_o lawyer_n only_o caecina_n lib._n 1_o &_o 2._o de_fw-fr orat._n bruto_fw-la &_o pâ—o_fw-la caecina_n but_o in_o cicero_n and_o in_o valerius_n maximus_n cicero_n in_o his_o oration_n for_o caecina_n plead_v this_o case_n thus_o what_o be_v this_o sufficient_o provide_v for_o in_o word_n no._n what_o then_o be_v of_o force_n to_o do_v it_o the_o will_n which_o if_o it_o can_v be_v understand_v by_o silence_n we_o shall_v have_v no_o need_n of_o word_n but_o because_o that_o can_v be_v therefore_o be_v word_n invent_v but_o such_o as_o shall_v not_o hinder_v the_o will_n but_o declare_v it_o and_o a_o little_a after_o in_o the_o same_o oration_n he_o add_v idem_fw-la jus_o esse_fw-la ubi_fw-la perspicitur_fw-la una_fw-la atque_fw-la eadem_fw-la causa_fw-la aequitatis_fw-la where_o there_o manifest_o appear_v but_o one_o and_o the_o same_o cause_n of_o equity_n i._n e._n where_o there_o be_v the_o same_o solitary_a cause_n move_v it_o may_v be_v presume_v there_o be_v also_o one_o and_o the_o same_o right_n thus_o philo_n in_o his_o special_a law_n prove_v that_o it_o be_v adultery_n to_o lie_v with_o a_o woman_n that_o be_v betroth_v to_o another_o and_o he_o add_v this_o reason_n quia_fw-la idem_fw-la valent_fw-la sponsalia_fw-la quod_fw-la nuptiae_fw-la because_o say_v he_o such_o espousal_n be_v equal_a to_o marriage_n 35._o exod._n 21_o 28_o 35._o so_o likewise_o in_o the_o moysaicall_a law_n under_o the_o name_n of_o ox_n be_v all_o gentle_a beast_n comprehend_v so_o be_v every_o pool_n or_o pond_n under_o the_o name_n of_o a_o well_o so_o likewise_o a_o injunction_n though_o it_o run_v in_o this_o form_n under_o i_o vi_fw-la dejeceris_fw-la hominibus_fw-la coactis_fw-la armatisve_fw-la whence_o thou_o have_v thrust_v i_o out_o by_o force_n and_o arm_n take_v place_n also_o against_o all_o manner_n of_o force_n that_o threaten_v our_o life_n and_o limb_n for_o that_o which_o be_v usual_o do_v by_o arm_a man_n if_o by_o any_o other_o counsel_n or_o mean_v we_o be_v bring_v into_o the_o same_o danger_n the_o law_n afford_v we_o the_o same_o right_n and_o remedy_n quintilian_n the_o father_n in_o one_o of_o his_o declamation_n bring_v in_o this_o example_n murder_n do_v usual_o signify_v the_o effusion_n of_o humane_a blood_n by_o the_o sword_n but_o if_o a_o man_n be_v kill_v by_o any_o other_o mean_v we_o have_v recourse_n to_o the_o same_o law_n for_o if_o a_o man_n shall_v fall_v among_o thief_n or_o if_o he_o be_v throw_v into_o a_o river_n and_o there_o drown_v or_o if_o he_o be_v tumble_v headlong_o from_o a_o high_a precipice_n his_o death_n shall_v be_v revenge_v by_o the_o same_o law_n as_o if_o he_o have_v be_v kill_v by_o the_o sword_n the_o like_a argument_n we_o find_v use_v by_o isaeus_n concern_v the_o inheritance_n of_o pyrrhus_n where_o because_o by_o the_o law_n of_o athens_n a_o father_n have_v no_o son_n can_v not_o make_v his_o testament_n if_o his_o daughter_n be_v unwilling_a he_o infer_v that_o neither_o have_v he_o without_o her_o consent_n the_o power_n of_o adopt_v one_o xxi_o whether_o a_o command_v give_v for_o one_o thing_n be_v fulfil_v in_o do_v another_o as_o profitable_a if_o not_o more_o and_o from_o hence_o that_o famous_a question_n in_o gellius_n may_v easy_o be_v answer_v concern_v a_o command_n give_v by_o our_o superior_a whether_o it_o may_v be_v fulfil_v though_o not_o by_o the_o same_o yet_o by_o another_o thing_n equal_o profitable_a or_o haply_o more_o than_o that_o which_o be_v command_v servant_n say_v quintilian_n act_n some_o thing_n more_o free_o out_o of_o a_o good_a mind_n and_o even_o our_o slave_n buy_v with_o our_o money_n do_v sometime_o think_v it_o a_o argument_n of_o their_o fidelity_n to_o do_v otherwise_o than_o they_o be_v command_v which_o may_v be_v do_v if_o it_o appear_v that_o what_o be_v so_o particular_o describe_v but_o only_o under_o some_o general_a consideration_n which_o may_v also_o be_v otherwise_o obtain_v but_o if_o that_o do_v not_o sufficient_o appear_v 13._o lib._n 1._o c._n 13._o than_o we_o be_v to_o follow_v gellius_n his_o advice_n in_o that_o place_n for_o the_o authority_n of_o a_o general_n will_v quick_o be_v contemn_v if_o what_o he_o command_v shall_v be_v dispute_v and_o not_o obey_v xxii_o or_o restrain_v and_o that_o either_o by_o reason_n of_o some_o defect_n in_o the_o will_n that_o interpretation_n that_o restrain_v the_o sense_n from_o what_o the_o signification_n of_o the_o word_n wherein_o the_o promise_n be_v contain_v will_v bear_v be_v derive_v either_o from_o a_o originary_a defect_n of_o the_o will_n or_o from_o the_o repugnancy_n of_o some_o emergent_a case_n with_o the_o will._n the_o originary_a defect_n of_o the_o will_n be_v understand_v either_o from_o some_o absurdity_n which_o will_v otherwise_o evident_o ensue_v or_o from_o fail_v of_o the_o main_a reason_n which_o alone_o do_v full_o and_o effectual_o move_v the_o will_n or_o from_o a_o defect_n of_o matter_n the_o first_o whereof_o be_v ground_v upon_o this_o that_o no_o man_n be_v to_o be_v believe_v to_o will_n thing_n that_o be_v absurd_a xxiii_o or_o when_o the_o main_a reason_n cease_v the_o second_o be_v ground_v on_o this_o that_o what_o be_v contain_v in_o the_o promise_n whereunto_o such_o a_o reason_n be_v add_v or_o where_o it_o be_v plain_o understand_v be_v not_o consider_v bare_o or_o simple_o but_o as_o it_o fall_v under_o that_o reason_n xxiv_o or_o when_o there_o be_v a_o defect_n in_o the_o matter_n the_o three_o be_v ground_v on_o this_o that_o the_o matter_n so_o restrain_v be_v always_o observe_v to_o be_v in_o the_o mind_n of_o he_o that_o promise_v although_o the_o word_n of_o the_o promiser_n do_v admit_v of_o a_o large_a signification_n xxv_o a_o observation_n concern_v the_o last_o recite_v conjecture_n but_o as_o concern_v the_o reason_n that_o move_v the_o will_v we_o must_v observe_v that_o under_o it_o be_v comprehend_v not_o only_o thing_n actual_o exist_v but_o sometime_o thing_n that_o moral_o consider_v may_v be_v which_o when_o it_o take_v place_n no_o restriction_n ought_v to_o be_v admit_v as_o when_o it_o be_v in_o any_o league_n provide_v that_o no_o army_n or_o fleet_n shall_v be_v send_v to_o such_o a_o place_n they_o ought_v not_o to_o be_v lead_v thither_o though_o there_o be_v no_o intention_n thereby_o to_o do_v harm_n because_o in_o that_o agreement_n not_o so_o much_o the_o present_a damage_n as_o all_o future_a danger_n whatsoever_o be_v regard_v
but_o here_o it_o be_v also_o sometime_o question_v whether_o promise_n be_v to_o be_v understand_v with_o this_o tacit_a condition_n that_o thing_n remain_v so_o as_o they_o be_v when_o the_o promise_n be_v make_v which_o we_o deny_v unless_o it_o do_v manifest_o appear_v that_o that_o present_a condition_n of_o thing_n be_v include_v in_o that_o only_a reason_n which_o we_o have_v say_v and_o we_o read_v of_o nothing_o more_o frequent_o in_o history_n than_o of_o ambassador_n who_o understand_v so_o great_a a_o alteration_n make_v in_o the_o state_n as_o will_v render_v the_o whole_a matter_n and_o cause_n of_o the_o embassy_n frustrate_v have_v return_v home_o without_o attempt_v any_o thing_n xxvi_o or_o from_o the_o repugnancy_n of_o some_o emergent_a case_n with_o the_o will_n which_o be_v take_v either_o from_o something_o that_o be_v unlawful_a necessary_a court_n of_o equity_n necessary_a the_o repugnancy_n of_o some_o emergent_a case_n with_o the_o will_n be_v of_o two_o sort_n for_o the_o will_n be_v guess_v at_o either_o by_o natural_a reason_n or_o by_o some_o other_o sign_n of_o the_o will._n the_o proper_a office_n to_o judge_v at_o the_o will_n by_o right_a reason_n aristotle_n assign_v to_o prudence_n in_o the_o understanding_n and_o in_o the_o will_n to_o equity_n which_o he_o very_o fit_o define_v to_o be_v the_o correction_n or_o moderation_n of_o that_o wherein_o the_o law_n by_o reason_n of_o its_o generality_n be_v deficient_a which_o ought_v to_o take_v place_n as_o well_o in_o testament_n as_o in_o contract_n respective_o for_o see_v that_o all_o emergent_a case_n can_v neither_o be_v foresee_v by_o the_o lawgiver_n nor_o except_v in_o the_o law_n therefore_o there_o be_v a_o necessity_n that_o some_o liberty_n shall_v be_v grant_v for_o the_o exempt_n of_o such_o case_n as_o he_o that_o make_v the_o law_n will_v have_v exempt_v have_v he_o be_v present_a or_o can_v he_o have_v foresee_v it_o and_o yet_o be_v not_o this_o rash_o to_o be_v admit_v for_o that_o be_v to_o make_v himself_o lord_n over_o another_o man_n act_n but_o then_o only_o when_o we_o have_v sufficient_a sign_n to_o justify_v our_o conjecture_n whereof_o none_o can_v be_v more_o just_a than_o this_o when_o they_o will_v binds_z we_o to_o thing_n repugnant_a to_o the_o law_n either_o of_o god_n or_o nature_n for_o such_o law_n have_v no_o power_n to_o oblige_v be_v necessary_o to_o be_v exempt_v quaedam_fw-la etiamsi_fw-la nulla_fw-la significatione_n legis_fw-la comprehensa_fw-la sint_fw-la natura_fw-la tamen_fw-la excipiuntur_fw-la there_o be_v some_o thing_n say_v quintilian_n that_o natural_o be_v exempt_v although_o they_o be_v not_o comprehend_v by_o any_o signification_n of_o the_o law_n as_o he_o that_o have_v promise_v to_o restore_v a_o sword_n to_o he_o who_o entrust_v he_o with_o it_o if_o the_o man_n to_o who_o the_o promise_n be_v make_v be_v mad_a he_o ought_v not_o to_o deliver_v it_o lest_o he_o thereby_o create_v danger_n to_o himself_o or_o to_o some_o other_o that_o be_v innocent_a so_o neither_o be_v we_o to_o restore_v a_o thing_n to_o he_o that_o deposit_v it_o with_o we_o if_o the_o right_a owner_n demand_v it_o this_o i_o approve_v of_o say_v triphonius_n to_o be_v justice_n that_o so_o give_v to_o every_o man_n his_o own_o that_o he_o detract_v not_o from_o the_o just_a claim_n of_o another_o the_o reason_n whereof_o be_v because_o such_o be_v the_o force_n of_o propriety_n be_v once_o introduce_v that_o not_o to_o return_v a_o thing_n to_o the_o right_a owner_n when_o know_v be_v altogether_o unjust_a xxvii_o or_o when_o some_o too_o great_a a_o charge_n arise_v to_o the_o promiser_n in_o comparison_n of_o that_o act_n the_o second_o sign_n shall_v be_v this_o when_o strict_o to_o follow_v the_o word_n of_o the_o promise_n or_o contract_n be_v not_o of_o itself_o and_o altogether_o unlawful_a but_o when_o it_o bind_v to_o such_o thing_n as_o to_o a_o prudent_a and_o weal-balanced_a judgement_n be_v too_o grievous_a and_o intolerable_a and_o that_o whether_o we_o respect_v humanity_n itself_o absolute_o or_o by_o compare_v the_o person_n promise_v and_o the_o thing_n promise_v with_o the_o end_n for_o which_o such_o a_o promise_n or_o contract_n be_v make_v so_o he_o that_o lend_v a_o thing_n for_o such_o a_o time_n may_v require_v it_o before_o that_o time_n if_o he_o stand_v in_o great_a want_n of_o it_o because_o it_o be_v presume_v that_o no_o man_n will_v willing_o do_v his_o friend_n a_o courtesy_n in_o that_o wherein_o he_o shall_v do_v himself_o a_o manifest_a injury_n so_o he_o that_o shall_v promise_v succour_n to_o his_o ally_n shall_v be_v excuse_v in_o case_n he_o be_v engage_v in_o war_n at_o home_n so_o far_o forth_o as_o he_o shall_v stand_v in_o need_n of_o those_o force_n in_o like_a manner_n he_o that_o promise_v immunity_n from_o tribute_n and_o tax_n mean_v only_o from_o ordinary_a and_o annual_a tax_n not_o from_o those_o that_o may_v be_v impose_v in_o time_n of_o great_a danger_n for_o the_o defence_n of_o the_o commonwealth_n wherefore_o it_o be_v too_o loose_o say_v of_o cicero_n that_o those_o promise_n be_v not_o to_o be_v perform_v which_o be_v unprofitable_a to_o he_o to_o who_o they_o be_v make_v nor_o those_o which_o do_v more_o endamage_v the_o promiser_n than_o benefit_n he_o to_o who_o they_o be_v make_v for_o the_o person_n promise_v be_v no_o competent_a judge_n whether_o the_o thing_n promise_v will_v be_v profitable_a to_o he_o to_o who_o it_o be_v promise_v unless_o it_o be_v in_o such_o a_o case_n as_o be_v before_o instance_a of_o apparent_a madness_n neither_o be_v every_o damage_n sufficient_a to_o absolve_v the_o promiser_n from_o the_o performance_n of_o his_o promise_n but_o the_o damage_n must_v be_v such_o as_o even_o from_o the_o very_a nature_n of_o the_o act_n it_o may_v be_v believe_v that_o can_v it_o have_v be_v foresee_v it_o will_v have_v be_v exempt_v so_o he_o that_o be_v engage_v to_o do_v so_o many_o day_n service_n for_o another_o be_v acquit_v from_o his_o engagement_n if_o either_o his_o father_n or_o his_o son_n be_v affect_v with_o some_o dangerous_a sickness_n this_o be_v cicero_n opinion_n in_o this_o case_n if_o be_v retain_v to_o plead_v the_o cause_n of_o thy_o client_n thy_o son_n shall_v in_o the_o mean_a time_n fall_v desperate_o sick_a non_fw-la est_fw-la contra_fw-la officium_fw-la 1._o off._n l._n 1._o non_fw-la facere_fw-la quod_fw-la dixeris_fw-la thou_o be_v not_o in_o duty_n bind_v to_o attend_v that_o cause_n and_o in_o this_o sense_n be_v that_o of_o seneca_n to_o be_v understand_v then_o do_v i_o break_v my_o word_n then_o may_v i_o be_v just_o charge_v with_o levity_n 35._o de_fw-fr benef._n l._n 4._o c._n 35._o when_o all_o thing_n remain_v in_o the_o state_n they_o be_v in_o when_o the_o promise_n be_v make_v i_o do_v not_o perform_v what_o i_o promise_v but_o in_o case_n there_o fall_v out_o any_o unexpected_a change_n concern_v that_o whereupon_o the_o promise_n be_v make_v it_o give_v i_o liberty_n to_o consult_v anew_o and_o yet_o i_o preserve_v my_o faith_n i_o be_o haply_o retain_v in_o a_o cause_n wherein_o i_o do_v afterward_o conceive_v that_o my_o father_n may_v be_v damnify_v i_o have_v promise_v to_o take_v a_o journey_n into_o the_o country_n with_o such_o a_o companion_n but_o i_o understand_v since_o that_o the_o way_n be_v infest_a with_o robber_n i_o have_v engage_v my_o word_n to_o be_v present_a and_o to_o assist_v in_o such_o a_o business_n but_o be_o with_o hold_v by_o the_o unexpected_a sickness_n of_o my_o son_n or_o by_o my_o wife_n fall_v into_o labour_n omnia_fw-la esse_fw-la debent_fw-la eadem_fw-la quae_fw-la fucrunt_fw-la cum_fw-la promitterem_fw-la ut_fw-la promittentis_fw-la fidem_fw-la teneas_fw-la all_o thing_n ought_v to_o be_v in_o the_o same_o condition_n as_o they_o be_v when_o i_o promise_v to_o oblige_v i_o to_o do_v what_o i_o do_v promise_v where_o by_o all_o thing_n we_o must_v understand_v all_o thing_n relate_v to_o the_o nature_n of_o that_o act_n which_o be_v in_o question_n 1595._o see_v camd._n anno_fw-la 1595._o the_o english_a do_v frequent_o make_v use_n of_o these_o politic_a maxim_n both_o with_o the_o hollander_n and_o with_o the_o hans-town_n as_o camden_n record_v for_o when_o queen_n elizabeth_n by_o assist_v the_o state_n of_o holland_n have_v draw_v down_o the_o whole_a power_n of_o spain_n against_o herself_o and_o therefore_o for_o her_o necessary_a defence_n demand_v those_o vast_a sum_n lend_v they_o to_o prosecute_v their_o war_n they_o urge_v that_o that_o money_n be_v not_o due_a by_o their_o contract_n till_o the_o end_n of_o the_o war_n and_o that_o until_o then_o she_o be_v oblige_v in_o honour_n to_o assist_v they_o she_o answer_v that_o a_o prince_n be_v not_o bind_v by_o his_o contract_n when_o for_o just_a cause_n
his_o gain_n but_o if_o the_o thing_n take_v away_o do_v perish_v than_o the_o value_n of_o it_o not_o to_o the_o high_a rate_n nor_o to_o the_o low_a but_o moderate_v among_o these_o we_o may_v also_o rank_a such_o as_o defraud_v prince_n of_o their_o lawful_a custom_n and_o contribution_n in_o like_a manner_n be_v they_o bind_v to_o reparation_n that_o have_v wrong_v other_o by_o either_o their_o unjust_a sentence_n or_o unjust_a accusation_n or_o by_o their_o false_a testimony_n xvii_o in_o he_o that_o by_o fear_n or_o fraud_n cause_v a_o promise_n as_o also_o he_o that_o shall_v either_o by_o fraud_n force_n or_o unjust_a fear_n urge_v a_o contract_n or_o a_o promise_n from_o any_o man_n be_v bind_v to_o make_v reparation_n to_o the_o full_a for_o hereby_o he_o rob_v the_o man_n he_o deal_v with_o of_o a_o double_a right_n first_o by_o the_o nature_n of_o contract_n he_o have_v this_o right_n that_o he_o ought_v not_o to_o be_v deceive_v and_o then_o by_o the_o natural_a liberty_n that_o every_o man_n shall_v have_v he_o ought_v not_o to_o be_v enforce_v or_o unjust_o affright_v and_o among_o these_o we_o may_v likewise_o range_v those_o that_o will_v not_o perform_v what_o by_o their_o office_n they_o be_v bind_v to_o do_v without_o bribe_n xviii_o what_o if_o the_o fear_n be_v natural_o just_a but_o he_o that_o have_v give_v just_a cause_n why_o he_o ought_v to_o be_v by_o force_n or_o fear_v compel_v have_v reason_n to_o blame_v himself_o for_o a_o involuntary_a act_n arise_v from_o a_o voluntary_a be_v natural_o reckon_v for_o a_o voluntary_a xix_o what_o if_o the_o fear_n be_v hold_v by_o the_o law_n of_o nation_n for_o just_a but_o as_o by_o the_o consent_n of_o nation_n all_o war_n make_v and_o denounce_v by_o the_o supreme_a power_n on_o both_o side_n be_v repute_v just_a as_o to_o to_o the_o external_a effect_n whereof_o we_o shall_v speak_v more_o anon_o so_o be_v the_o fear_n of_o such_o a_o war_n so_o far_o repute_v just_a that_o whatsoever_o be_v obtain_v thereby_o can_v be_v require_v back_o in_o which_o sense_n that_o distinction_n of_o cicero_n may_v be_v admit_v which_o he_o make_v between_o a_o enemy_n with_o who_o we_o enjoy_v by_o the_o consent_n of_o nation_n many_o common_a right_n and_o a_o thief_n or_o pirate_n for_o if_o these_o extort_v any_o thing_n from_o we_o by_o fear_n we_o may_v require_v it_o back_o unless_o we_o be_v bind_v by_o oath_n not_o to_o do_v it_o but_o so_o we_o can_v do_v from_o a_o enemy_n wherefore_o what_o polybius_n write_v concern_v the_o second_o punic_a war_n namely_o that_o the_o carthaginian_n have_v just_a cause_n to_o make_v it_o because_o the_o roman_n by_o denounce_v war_n against_o they_o whilst_o they_o be_v engage_v in_o another_o war_n against_o their_o seditious_a mercenary_n have_v enforce_v they_o from_o the_o island_n of_o sardinia_n and_o a_o great_a sum_n of_o money_n have_v indeed_o some_o show_n of_o equity_n but_o be_v not_o agreeable_a with_o the_o common_a right_n of_o nation_n as_o we_o shall_v elsewhere_o prove_v xx._n how_o far_o the_o civil_a power_n be_v bind_v by_o damage_n do_v by_o their_o subject_n king_n and_o magistrate_n be_v oblige_v to_o reparation_n if_o they_o do_v not_o make_v use_n of_o such_o remedy_n against_o thief_n and_o pirate_n to_o suppress_v they_o as_o they_o may_v and_o aught_o to_o do_v for_o which_o neglect_n the_o scyrian_o be_v condemn_v by_o the_o amphictyones_n i_o remember_v that_o this_o case_n be_v once_o propose_v among_o we_o when_o our_o estate_n have_v grant_v letter_n of_o mart_n against_o our_o enemy_n some_o of_o those_o to_o who_o these_o letter_n be_v grant_v abuse_v themselves_o and_o we_o have_v rob_v our_o friend_n and_o leave_v our_o country_n betake_v themselves_o to_o the_o sea_n and_o though_o recall_v will_v not_o return_v whence_o arise_v this_o question_n whether_o our_o state_n be_v bind_v to_o repair_v the_o damage_n they_o by_o reason_n of_o letter_n of_o mart_n grant_v they_o either_o because_o they_o make_v use_v of_o such_o wicked_a instrument_n or_o because_o they_o do_v not_o require_v from_o they_o sufficient_a caution_n that_o they_o shall_v not_o transgress_v their_o commission_n whereunto_o i_o give_v this_o answer_n that_o they_o be_v oblige_v to_o no_o more_o than_o to_o punish_v they_o be_v find_v or_o to_o deliver_v they_o up_o and_o beside_o to_o take_v care_n that_o reparation_n shall_v be_v make_v out_o of_o the_o good_n of_o the_o delinquent_n case_n a_o judge_v case_n for_o that_o the_o state_n be_v not_o the_o cause_n of_o the_o depredation_n nor_o do_v they_o participate_v of_o they_o that_o they_o have_v forbid_v they_o by_o severe_a law_n to_o wrong_v their_o friend_n but_o to_o require_v caution_n from_o they_o they_o be_v not_o by_o any_o law_n oblige_v see_v that_o they_o may_v empower_v all_o their_o subject_n without_o any_o codicil_n to_o make_v what_o spoil_n they_o can_v of_o whatsoever_o be_v their_o enemy_n as_o have_v be_v ancient_o do_v neither_o be_v this_o permission_n the_o true_a cause_n of_o the_o wrong_n do_v unto_o their_o friend_n see_v that_o private_a man_n may_v arm_v their_o ship_n and_o put_v out_o to_o sea_n even_o without_o permission_n neither_o can_v they_o foresee_v that_o these_o man_n will_v prove_v wicked_a nor_o can_v they_o altogether_o avoid_v the_o make_v use_n of_o wicked_a man_n for_o than_o it_o be_v not_o possible_a for_o they_o to_o raise_v a_o army_n neither_o if_o their_o soldier_n either_o by_o sea_n or_o land_n do_v injure_v their_o friend_n contrary_a to_o the_o command_n of_o the_o supreme_a magistrate_n be_v they_o oblige_v to_o reparation_n as_o may_v easy_o be_v prove_v by_o the_o testimony_n of_o france_n and_o england_n yet_o in_o a_o league_n between_o francis_n de_fw-fr valois_n king_n of_o france_n and_z henry_n the_o eight_o of_o england_n 54._o herbert_n henry_n the_o 8._o page_n 54._o it_o be_v agree_v the_o better_a to_o prevent_v depredation_n by_o sea_n that_o no_o merchant_n of_o either_o nation_n shall_v depart_v out_o of_o their_o port_n without_o give_v caution_n to_o their_o respective_a admiral_n that_o no_o wrong_a or_o molestation_n shall_v be_v do_v by_o sea_n to_o either_o of_o their_o subject_n but_o that_o any_o man_n shall_v be_v bind_v to_o repair_v the_o damage_n which_o his_o servant_n shall_v without_o his_o fault_n and_o against_o his_o command_n do_v unto_o other_o belong_v not_o to_o the_o law_n of_o nation_n by_o which_o this_o cause_n ought_v proper_o to_o be_v judge_v but_o to_o the_o civil_a law_n and_o yet_o not_o in_o the_o general_n but_o as_o it_o be_v introduce_v for_o some_o particular_a reason_n against_o mariner_n and_o some_o other_o and_o thus_o have_v this_o case_n be_v determine_v by_o the_o judge_n of_o the_o supreme_a assembly_n against_o certain_a pomeranian_o and_o that_o according_a to_o precedent_n of_o thing_n of_o the_o like_a nature_n two_o age_n before_o xxi_o the_o owner_n of_o a_o ship_n or_o beast_n that_o hurt_v his_o neighbour_n not_o bind_v by_o the_o law_n of_o nature_n this_o also_o be_v worthy_a our_o observation_n that_o it_o proceed_v from_o the_o civil_a law_n and_o not_o from_o the_o law_n of_o nature_n that_o we_o deliver_v up_o our_o beast_n or_o bondslave_n to_o punishment_n which_o have_v endamage_v our_o neighbour_n for_o the_o owner_n of_o they_o be_v innocent_a be_v natural_o bind_v to_o nothing_o as_o neither_o be_v he_o who_o ship_n without_o his_o fault_n fall_v foul_a and_o hurt_v another_o though_o by_o the_o law_n of_o diverse_a nation_n as_o well_o as_o we_o such_o damage_n be_v usual_o divide_v between_o both_o because_o it_o be_v very_o difficult_a to_o be_v prove_v xxii_o the_o damage_n against_o a_o man_n honour_n how_o to_o be_v tepair_v but_o the_o wound_n we_o receive_v in_o our_o honour_n or_o fame_n as_o by_o stripe_n reproach_n curse_n and_o such_o like_a must_v have_v their_o proper_a cure_n and_o in_o these_o no_o less_o than_o in_o theft_n and_o other_o crime_n the_o heinousness_n of_o the_o fact_n be_v discern_v by_o the_o effect_n for_o as_o in_o those_o our_o reparation_n consist_v in_o the_o punishment_n of_o the_o thief_n so_o in_o this_o the_o damage_n we_o sustain_v be_v repair_v by_o confession_n of_o the_o fault_n and_o by_o exhibit_v all_o due_a honour_n to_o he_o who_o be_v wrong_v and_o the_o public_a testimony_n give_v both_o of_o his_o innocency_n and_o our_o own_o repentance_n and_o such_o like_a mean_n although_o the_o offender_n in_o this_o kind_n may_v be_v punish_v in_o his_o purse_n if_o the_o injure_a person_n desire_v it_o because_o money_n be_v the_o common_a standard_n whereby_o all_o thing_n tend_v to_o profit_n be_v measure_v chap._n xviii_o of_o the_o right_n of_o embassage_n i._o there_o be_v some_o
vejentine_a ambassador_n that_o unless_o they_o depart_v the_o city_n they_o will_v show_v they_o no_o more_o mercy_n 10._o liv._o l._n 27._o id._n l._n 4._o lib._n 10._o than_o tolumnius_n their_o king_n have_v show_v to_o the_o roman_a ambassador_n who_o he_o command_v to_o be_v kill_v and_o as_o the_o samnite_n declare_v to_o the_o roman_n namely_o that_o if_o they_o enter_v into_o any_o assembly_n in_o samninus_n they_o shall_v not_o depart_v in_o safety_n this_o law_n therefore_o reach_v not_o unto_o those_o through_o who_o territory_n ambassador_n presume_v to_o pass_v without_o licence_n for_o if_o they_o be_v go_v to_o their_o enemy_n or_o come_v from_o they_o or_o do_v otherwise_o attempt_v any_o act_n of_o hostility_n they_o may_v be_v even_o kill_v thus_o do_v the_o athenian_n serve_v the_o ambassador_n pass_v between_o the_o persian_n and_o the_o spartan_n so_o do_v the_o illyrian_n 2._o thucyd._n l._n 2._o those_o that_o go_v between_o the_o essians_n and_o the_o roman_n much_o more_o be_v take_v may_v they_o be_v bind_v and_o keep_v in_o prison_n as_o xenophon_n past_o judgement_n upon_o some_o and_o alexander_n against_o those_o which_o be_v send_v from_o thebes_n and_o lacedaemon_n unto_o darius_n and_o the_o roman_n against_o the_o ambassador_n send_v to_o hannibal_n but_o if_o no_o such_o thing_n be_v and_o yet_o the_o ambassador_n be_v evil_a treat_v the_o law_n of_o nation_n whereof_o we_o now_o speak_v be_v not_o thereby_o violate_v but_o the_o honour_n of_o those_o prince_n either_o from_o who_o they_o come_v or_o unto_o who_o they_o be_v send_v be_v thereby_o wound_v and_o all_o friendship_n with_o they_o break_a thus_o write_v justine_n concern_v philip_n the_o latter_a king_n of_o macedon_n 29._o liâ—_n 29._o that_o he_o send_v his_o ambassador_n with_o letter_n to_o contract_v friendship_n with_o hannibal_n who_o be_v take_v and_o bring_v before_o the_o roman_a senate_n be_v dismiss_v with_o safety_n not_o in_o honour_n to_o the_o king_n but_o lest_o of_o a_o doubtful_a friend_n they_o shall_v thereby_o make_v he_o their_o certain_a enemy_n but_o it_o be_v otherwise_o in_o case_n any_o prince_n shall_v lay_v in_o wait_n to_o surprise_v the_o ambassador_n of_o another_o prince_n without_o his_o own_o territory_n for_o this_o be_v a_o violation_n of_o the_o law_n of_o nation_n as_o be_v plain_a by_o the_o oration_n of_o the_o thessalian_n against_o king_n philip_n record_v by_o livy_n vi_o a_o enemy_n be_v hereunto_o oblige_v if_o the_o ambassador_n be_v send_v unto_o he_o but_o on_o the_o other_o side_n the_o embassage_n be_v admit_v the_o law_n of_o nation_n protect_v the_o person_n send_v even_o among_o those_o nation_n that_o be_v in_o actual_a arm_n one_o against_o another_o much_o more_o among_o such_o as_o be_v bare_o enemy_n it_o be_v very_o true_a what_o diodorus_n siculus_n say_v that_o herald_n enjoy_v peace_n in_o the_o midst_n of_o war._n the_o lacedaemonian_n who_o kill_v the_o herald_n send_v from_o the_o persian_n be_v say_v to_o break_v the_o law_n of_o all_o nation_n 1._o nation_n vide_fw-la §._o 1._o if_o any_o man_n shall_v strike_v a_o ambassador_n come_v from_o a_o enemy_n he_o shall_v be_v judge_v say_v pomponius_n legatis_fw-la pomponius_n l._n ult_n d._n de_fw-fr legatis_fw-la as_o one_o that_o have_v violate_v the_o common_a right_n of_o all_o nation_n because_o their_o person_n be_v general_o hold_v as_o sacred_a and_o tacitus_n call_v this_o right_a 2._o right_a ann._n l._n 1._o verrin_n 1._o lib._n 5._o c._n 2._o whereof_o we_o now_o treat_v the_o right_a of_o enemy_n the_o sanctimony_n of_o embassy_n and_o the_o law_n of_o nation_n approve_v by_o god_n himself_o so_o likewise_o cicero_n nun_n legati_fw-la inter_fw-la host_n incolumes_fw-la esse_fw-la debent_fw-la ought_v not_o ambassador_n te_fw-la be_v secure_v though_o among_o troop_n of_o arm_a foe_n and_o seneca_n in_o his_o book_n of_o anger_n he_o offer_v violence_n even_o to_o ambassador_n thereby_o spurn_v at_o the_o law_n of_o nation_n a_o villainous_a act_n a_o wicked_a cause_n a_o impious_a murder_n as_o livy_n call_v it_o in_o the_o story_n of_o the_o fidenates_n assassinate_v the_o roman_a ambassador_n and_o in_o another_o place_n when_o their_o ambassador_n be_v bring_v into_o great_a danger_n he_o say_v ne_o belli_fw-la quidem_fw-la jura_fw-la relicta_fw-la sunt_fw-la they_o have_v not_o leave_v among_o they_o so_o much_o as_o the_o right_n of_o war._n 4._o lib._n 4._o so_o curtius_n he_o send_v ambassador_n to_o compel_v they_o to_o peace_n who_o the_o tyrian_n kill_v and_o throw_v headlong_o into_o the_o sea_n contrary_a to_o the_o law_n of_o nation_n and_o deserve_o for_o even_o in_o war_n many_o thing_n fall_v out_o which_o can_v be_v transact_v but_o by_o ambassador_n and_o very_o hardly_o can_v peace_n at_o any_o time_n be_v make_v without_o they_o vii_o neither_o be_v ambassador_n liable_a to_o the_o law_n of_o retaliation_n another_o question_n do_v usual_o arise_v namely_o whether_o a_o prince_n may_v retaliate_v the_o wrong_n do_v unto_o his_o own_o ambassador_n upon_o the_o ambassador_n of_o he_o who_o do_v that_o wrong_n and_o sure_o we_o may_v find_v in_o history_n many_o example_n of_o revenge_n take_v in_o this_o way_n and_o no_o marvel_n for_o historian_n do_v usual_o record_v not_o only_o thing_n that_o be_v just_o and_o pious_o do_v but_o those_o also_o that_o be_v do_v unjust_o in_o heat_n of_o anger_n rash_o and_o impotent_o but_o the_o law_n of_o nation_n do_v not_o only_o careful_o provide_v for_o the_o honour_n of_o the_o person_n send_v but_o for_o the_o security_n of_o the_o person_n send_v so_o that_o there_o be_v as_o it_o be_v a_o silent_a contract_n make_v between_o the_o ambassador_n send_v and_o the_o prince_n to_o who_o he_o go_v and_o therefore_o though_o there_o shall_v be_v no_o injustice_n do_v in_o respect_n of_o the_o prince_n that_o send_v his_o ambassador_n as_o have_v just_o deserve_v it_o for_o the_o affront_n give_v he_o in_o the_o wrong_n do_v unto_o his_o ambassador_n yet_o to_o the_o person_n send_v there_o will_v be_v do_v a_o manifest_a injustice_n because_o by_o virtue_n of_o that_o tacit_a agreement_n he_o may_v just_o claim_v his_o indemnity_n and_o therefore_o it_o be_v not_o only_o magnanimous_o but_o just_o do_v by_o scipio_n according_a to_o the_o law_n of_o nation_n who_o though_o the_o roman_a ambassador_n have_v be_v very_o hardly_o use_v at_o carthage_n yet_o when_o the_o roman_n bring_v the_o carthaginian_a ambassador_n unto_o he_o demand_v what_o shall_v be_v do_v with_o they_o make_v answer_n nihil_fw-la tale_n quale_fw-la factum_fw-la fuit_fw-la à _fw-la carthaginensibus_fw-la nothing_o of_o that_o which_o the_o carthaginian_n do_v unto_o the_o roman_n or_o according_a to_o what_o livy_n add_v nihil_fw-la se_fw-la facturum_fw-la institutis_fw-la populi_fw-la romani_fw-la indignum_fw-la that_o he_o will_v do_v nothing_o unworthy_a of_o the_o roman_a discipline_n whereunto_o diodorus_n add_v this_o reason_n lest_o what_o we_o blame_v in_o they_o we_o justify_v in_o ourselves_o and_o the_o roman_n themselves_o though_o they_o be_v not_o ignorant_a of_o what_o the_o carthaginian_n have_v do_v yet_o dismiss_v their_o ambassador_n in_o safety_n thus_o do_v constantius_n remit_v titianus_n be_v send_v unto_o he_o by_o magnentius_n though_o his_o own_o ambassador_n philip_n send_v unto_o magnentius_n have_v be_v hy_z he_o detain_v as_o zosimon_n testify_v and_o when_o long_o before_o the_o roman_a ambassador_n cornelius_n asina_n be_v put_v in_o chain_n by_o the_o carthaginian_n and_o hanno_n the_o carthaginian_a ambassador_n be_v at_o that_o time_n in_o rome_n be_v afraid_a of_o the_o like_a measure_n the_o consul_n stand_v up_o in_o the_o senate_n and_o thus_o bespeak_v he_o isto_fw-la te_fw-la metu_fw-la hanno_n fides_fw-la civitatis_fw-la nostra_fw-la liberet_fw-la let_v the_o faith_n of_o our_o city_n hanno_n free_v thou_o from_o this_o fear_n viii_o the_o privilege_n of_o ambassador_n extend_v to_o their_o retinue_n not_o only_o the_o ambassador_n himself_o but_o his_o follower_n and_o good_n be_v to_o partake_v of_o the_o same_o privilege_n if_o he_o please_v and_o therefore_o the_o ancient_a form_n of_o word_n use_v by_o ambassador_n and_o herald_n unto_o the_o king_n to_o who_o they_o be_v send_v be_v these_o o_o king_n do_v thou_o admit_v of_o i_o as_o the_o royal_a messenger_n of_o the_o people_n of_o rome_n together_o with_o my_o good_n and_o follower_n and_o by_o the_o julian_n law_n not_o only_o they_o that_o offer_v violence_n to_o the_o person_n of_o the_o ambassador_n themselves_o but_o they_o that_o injure_v any_o of_o their_o attendant_n be_v find_v guilty_a de_fw-fr vi_fw-mi publiea_fw-mi of_o violence_n do_v by_o force_n and_o arm_n but_o this_o sanctimony_n belong_v unto_o they_o but_o as_o they_o be_v attendant_n to_o the_o ambassador_n and_o therefore_o no_o further_o due_a than_o he_o shall_v please_v
to_o god_n express_v command_v yet_o this_o he_o confident_o assert_n that_o no_o man_n ought_v to_o destroy_v himself_o to_o avoid_v either_o the_o torment_n of_o this_o life_n lest_o he_o incur_v those_o infinite_o great_a in_o the_o life_n to_o come_v or_o to_o prevent_v sin_n in_o another_o lest_o he_o contract_v a_o worse_o in_o himself_o or_o for_o sin_n already_o past_a which_o require_v a_o large_a time_n to_o repent_v of_o or_o out_o of_o a_o impatient_a thirst_n after_o immortality_n because_o he_o that_o be_v guilty_a of_o his_o own_o death_n must_v not_o expect_v hereafter_o a_o better_a life_n 16._o de_fw-fr civ_o dei_fw-la l._n 1._o c._n 16._o and_o yet_o elsewhere_o speak_v of_o those_o who_o to_o preserve_v their_o chastity_n kill_v themselves_o he_o add_v who_o can_v be_v so_o void_a of_o humanity_n as_o not_o to_o forgive_v they_o among_o the_o grecian_n also_o there_o be_v another_o sort_n of_o man_n exempt_v from_o burial_n which_o custom_n the_o locrian_o object_n against_o the_o phocenses_n 16._o diod._n l._n 16._o say_v that_o it_o be_v general_o observe_v through_o all_o greece_n that_o sacrilegious_a person_n shall_v be_v cast_v out_o unbury_v the_o like_a do_v dion_n prusaeensis_n report_n of_o such_o as_o be_v atheist_n and_o notorious_o impious_a and_o the_o very_a same_o punishment_n be_v ordain_v at_o athens_n against_o such_o as_o be_v traitor_n as_o plutarch_n testify_v but_o nicetas_n in_o his_o three_o book_n of_o alexius_n the_o brother_n of_o isaacius_n have_v declare_v the_o death_n of_o joannes_n comnenus_n crassus_n who_o raise_v sedition_n and_o affect_v the_o empire_n say_v that_o they_o afterward_o expose_v his_o body_n to_o be_v devour_v by_o bird_n and_o beast_n which_o be_v a_o act_n void_a of_o humanity_n and_o savour_v too_o much_o of_o a_o brutish_a cruelty_n but_o that_o i_o may_v retreat_v to_o what_o be_v first_o intend_v all_o ancient_a writer_n do_v unanimous_o accord_v in_o this_o that_o a_o war_n may_v be_v just_o undertake_v for_o deny_v burial_n to_o the_o dead_a as_o may_v clear_o appear_v by_o the_o story_n of_o theseus_n which_o be_v record_v by_o euripides_n and_o isocrates_n in_o the_o place_n before_o quote_v vi_o some_o other_o thing_n due_a by_o the_o law_n of_o nation_n there_o be_v also_o other_o thing_n which_o by_o the_o voluntary_a law_n of_o nation_n be_v due_a as_o those_o thing_n which_o have_v be_v long_o possess_v succession_n to_o he_o that_o die_v intestate_a and_o such_o thing_n as_o we_o hold_v by_o contract_n though_o very_o unequal_a for_o all_o these_o though_o they_o have_v in_o some_o measure_n their_o rise_n from_o the_o law_n of_o nature_n yet_o do_v they_o receive_v confirmation_n by_o humane_a law_n whether_o against_o the_o uncertainty_n of_o conjecture_n or_o against_o some_o exception_n which_o otherwise_o natural_a reason_n may_v haply_o suggest_v as_o we_o have_v already_o show_v when_o we_o treat_v of_o the_o right_n of_o nature_n chap._n xx._n of_o punishment_n i._o the_o definition_n and_o original_n of_o punishment_n ii_o that_o they_o appertain_v to_o commutative_a justice_n and_o how_o iii_o it_o natural_o belong_v to_o no_o one_o person_n but_o may_v by_o the_o law_n of_o nature_n be_v exact_v by_o any_o that_o have_v not_o alike_o offend_v iv_o among_o man_n the_o end_n of_o punish_v be_v for_o some_o benefit_n but_o otherwise_o with_o god_n and_o why_o v._o in_o what_o sense_n revenge_n be_v natural_o unlawful_a vi_o the_o profit_n arise_v from_o punishment_n threefold_a vii_o as_o it_o respect_v the_o good_a of_o the_o delinquent_n it_o may_v natural_o be_v exact_v by_o any_o yet_o with_o a_o distinction_n viii_o so_o also_o as_o it_o respect_v the_o good_a of_o the_o person_n injure_v and_o of_o lawful_a revenge_n by_o the_o law_n of_o nation_n ix_o and_o also_o as_o it_o respect_v the_o good_a of_o every_o man_n x._o what_o the_o gospel_n require_v as_o to_o this_o matter_n xi_o the_o argument_n draw_v from_o the_o mercy_n of_o god_n set_v forth_o in_o the_o gospel_n answer_v xii_o another_o concern_v the_o cut_n off_o the_o opportunity_n of_o repentance_n answer_v xiii_o a_o imperfect_a division_n of_o punishment_n reject_v fourteen_o it_o be_v not_o safe_a for_o private_a christian_n to_o exact_a punishment_n even_o where_o the_o law_n of_o nation_n allow_v it_o xv._o or_o to_o accuse_v any_o man_n willing_o xvi_o or_o to_o affect_v capital_a punishment_n xvii_o whether_o those_o humane_a law_n that_o permit_v the_o kill_n of_o a_o man_n as_o a_o punishment_n give_v he_o a_o right_a or_o only_a impunity_n except_o by_o distinction_n xviii_o internal_a act_n not_o punishable_a by_o man_n xix_o nor_o such_o external_a as_o humane_a infirmity_n can_v avoid_v xx._n nor_o such_o act_n as_o neither_o direct_o nor_o indirect_o do_v hurt_v to_o humane_a society_n and_o why_o xxi_o the_o opinion_n that_o punishment_n be_v never_o to_o be_v remit_v reject_v xxii_o that_o they_o may_v be_v remit_v before_o the_o penal_a law_n be_v pass_v xxiii_o yet_o not_o always_o xxiv_o yea_o and_o after_o the_o penal_a law_n be_v past_a xxv_o what_o probable_a intrinsic_a cause_n justify_v the_o do_n of_o it_o xxvi_o what_o cause_n extrinsical_a xxvii_o the_o opinion_n that_o no_o dispensation_n be_v to_o be_v grant_v for_o any_o cause_n but_o what_o be_v tacit_o except_v in_o the_o law_n reject_v xxviii_o punishment_n inflict_v for_o some_o merit_n xxix_o where_o respect_n be_v have_v to_o the_o cause_n impel_v which_o be_v compare_v one_o with_o another_o xxx_o as_o also_o the_o cause_n which_o shall_v withdraw_v we_o and_o of_o the_o degree_n of_o the_o precept_n of_o the_o decalogue_n that_o concern_v our_o neighbour_n and_o some_o other_o matter_n xxxi_o of_o the_o propensity_n of_o the_o offender_n to_o either_o which_o have_v divers_a respect_n xxxii_o that_o the_o merit_n of_o punishment_n may_v extend_v to_o a_o great_a harm_n than_o that_o which_o the_o offender_n intend_v and_o why_o xxxiii_o a_o harmoniacal_a proportion_n in_o punishment_n reject_v xxxiv_o that_o punishment_n ought_v to_o be_v mitigate_v out_o of_o charity_n unless_o a_o great_a charity_n forbid_v xxxv_o the_o facility_n of_o sin_v how_o it_o incite_v to_o punishment_n also_o custom_n how_o it_o incite_v or_o dissuade_v from_o punish_v xxxvi_o of_o what_o use_n clemency_n be_v in_o the_o mitigate_a of_o punishment_n xxxvii_o what_o the_o hebrew_n or_o roman_n have_v respect_n to_o in_o punishment_n may_v be_v refer_v to_o the_o place_n above_o mention_v xxxviii_o of_o war_n make_v for_o the_o exact_v of_o punishment_n thirty-nine_o whether_o war_n make_v for_o the_o punishment_n of_o injury_n begin_v be_v just_a explain_v by_o distinction_n xl._n whether_o it_o be_v lawful_a for_o king_n or_o state_n to_o make_v war_n upon_o such_o as_o violate_v the_o law_n of_o nature_n though_o they_o have_v commit_v nothing_o against_o they_o or_o their_o subject_n and_o that_o jurisdiction_n be_v not_o necessary_a natural_o to_o the_o exact_v of_o punishment_n xli_o the_o law_n of_o nature_n distinguish_v from_o civil_a custom_n large_o take_v xlii_o and_o from_o the_o voluntary_a divine_a law_n not_o yet_o know_v to_o all_o nation_n xliii_o as_o to_o the_o law_n of_o nature_n that_o which_o be_v manifest_a be_v to_o be_v distinguish_v from_o that_o which_o be_v not_o xliv_o whether_o a_o war_n may_v be_v make_v for_o sin_n commit_v against_o god_n only_o xlv_o of_o some_o common_a notion_n of_o god_n which_o and_o how_o they_o be_v express_v in_o the_o decalogue_n xlvi_o the_o first_o infringer_n of_o these_o punishable_a xlvii_o but_o not_o other_o as_o be_v prove_v by_o the_o hebrew_n law_n xlviii_o that_o war_n be_v not_o just_o to_o be_v make_v upon_o any_o only_o for_o refuse_v to_o embrace_v christian_a religion_n xlix_o war_n may_v just_o be_v make_v against_o they_o that_o persecute_v christian_n as_o such_o l._n but_o not_o against_o such_o christian_n as_o do_v misunderstand_v the_o meaning_n of_o the_o divine_a law_n illustrate_v by_o authority_n and_o example_n li._n but_o may_v and_o that_o just_o against_o those_o that_o be_v impious_a against_o such_o as_o they_o believe_v to_o be_v go_n i._o the_o definition_n of_o punishment_n above_o when_o we_o begin_v to_o assign_v the_o cause_n of_o war_n we_o consider_v man_n deed_n in_o a_o twofold_a respect_n either_o as_o the_o wrong_n they_o do_v may_v be_v repair_v or_o as_o it_o may_v be_v punish_v concern_v the_o former_a we_o have_v sufficient_o speak_v we_o come_v now_o to_o the_o latter_a which_o be_v punishment_n which_o we_o shall_v the_o more_o accurate_o discuss_v for_o as_o much_o as_o its_o origine_fw-la and_o nature_n be_v misunderstand_v have_v give_v occasion_n to_o many_o error_n punishment_n in_o its_o general_a acceptation_n be_v malum_fw-la passionis_fw-la quod_fw-la infligitur_fw-la ob_fw-la malum_fw-la actionis_fw-la the_o evil_a
perfect_a of_o this_o work_n of_o repentance_n in_o he_o i_o answer_v that_o god_n haply_o may_v as_o probable_o have_v receive_v as_o much_o dishonour_n in_o his_o recidivation_n or_o fall_v back_o to_o his_o accustom_a wicked_a course_n and_o so_o that_o of_o seneca_n may_v very_o fit_o be_v apply_v quod_fw-la unum_fw-la bonum_fw-la tibi_fw-la superest_fw-la representabimus_fw-la 15._o lib._n 1._o de_fw-la ira_fw-la c._n 16._o c._n 15._o mortem_fw-la that_o only_o good_a thing_n that_o thou_o be_v capable_a of_o we_o represent_v unto_o thou_o which_o be_v death_n and_o that_o also_o of_o the_o same_o seneca_n quo_fw-la uno_fw-la modo_fw-la possunt_fw-la desinant_fw-la esse_fw-la mali_fw-la there_o be_v no_o way_n leave_v for_o they_o to_o cease_v to_o sin_n but_o to_o cease_v to_o live_v whereunto_o we_o may_v add_v that_o which_o the_o same_o author_n say_v elsewhere_o talibus_fw-la ingeniis_fw-la aquavitae_fw-la exitus_fw-la remedium_fw-la est_fw-la optimumque_fw-la est_fw-la abire_fw-la ei_fw-la qui_fw-la ad_fw-la se_fw-la nunquam_fw-la reverturus_fw-la est_fw-la 10._o de_fw-fr benef._n l._n 7._o c._n 10._o death_n be_v to_o such_o the_o only_a remedy_n it_o be_v best_a for_o he_o to_o die_v that_o live_v without_o any_o hope_n of_o be_v cure_v let_v these_o therefore_o together_o with_o what_o we_o have_v say_v in_o the_o begin_n of_o this_o work_n suffice_v for_o answer_v to_o those_o who_o hold_v that_o either_o all_o punishment_n or_o at_o least_o such_o as_o be_v capital_a be_v without_o any_o exception_n prohibit_v unto_o christian_n the_o contrary_a whereunto_o we_o be_v teach_v by_o the_o apostle_n who_o within_o the_o duty_n of_o a_o king_n include_v the_o power_n of_o the_o sword_n as_o be_v the_o executioner_n of_o divine_a vengeance_n and_o in_o another_o place_n he_o tell_v we_o that_o we_o ought_v to_o pray_v that_o king_n may_v be_v make_v christian_n and_o that_o as_o king_n they_o may_v protect_v the_o innocent_a which_o in_o this_o general_a corruption_n and_o depravity_n of_o mankind_n even_o since_o the_o time_n of_o the_o gospel_n can_v be_v do_v unless_o by_o the_o death_n of_o some_o the_o impudence_n of_o other_o be_v repress_v see_v that_o all_o the_o public_a punishment_n that_o be_v every_o where_o inflict_v upon_o the_o guilty_a be_v not_o as_o yet_o find_v sufficient_a to_o guard_v or_o protect_v the_o innocent_a neither_o be_v it_o altogether_o impertinent_a to_o propose_v unto_o all_o christian_a magistrate_n the_o example_n of_o sabacon_n king_n of_o egypt_n for_o their_o imitation_n a_o man_n high_o fame_v for_o his_o piety_n by_o who_o all_o capital_a punishment_n be_v change_v into_o some_o servile_a work_n that_o be_v profitable_a to_o the_o commonwealth_n and_o that_o with_o good_a success_n 1._o lib._n 1._o as_o diodorus_n testify_v strabo_n relate_v the_o like_a of_o some_o nation_n inhabit_v about_o mount_n caucasus_n where_o say_v he_o they_o put_v no_o man_n to_o death_n although_o they_o offend_v never_o so_o high_o yea_o and_o among_o the_o roman_n no_o citizen_n be_v ever_o know_v to_o be_v put_v to_o death_n or_o punish_v with_o stripe_n after_o the_o porcian_a law_n be_v make_v unless_o for_o treason_n or_o be_v first_o condemn_v by_o the_o people_n of_o rome_n neither_o be_v that_o of_o quintilian_n to_o be_v slight_v no_o man_n will_v doubt_v say_v he_o but_o that_o if_o a_o malefactor_n can_v be_v reclaim_v and_o become_v a_o new_a man_n as_o some_o such_o there_o may_v sometime_o be_v it_o be_v better_o for_o the_o commonwealth_n that_o he_o shall_v live_v than_o die_v it_o be_v observe_v by_o balsamon_n that_o those_o roman-law_n which_o condemn_a man_n to_o death_n be_v most_o of_o they_o change_v by_o the_o christian_a emperor_n into_o some_o smart_a punishment_n whereby_o both_o the_o condemn_a party_n be_v more_o sharp_o urge_v to_o repentance_n and_o other_o more_o affright_v by_o their_o last_a punishment_n nicetas_n record_v it_o 2._o see_v chap._n 24._o sect._n 2._o that_o during_o the_o reign_n of_o johannes_n comnenus_n no_o malefactor_n be_v at_o any_o time_n put_v to_o death_n and_o when_o some_o rant_a donatist_n have_v kill_v two_o catholic_n priest_n most_o barbarous_o put_v out_o the_o eye_n and_o cut_v off_o the_o finger_n of_o one_o of_o they_o circumcelliones_fw-la grat._n l._n 23._o q._n 5._o circumcelliones_fw-la st_n augustine_n beseech_v count_n marcellinus_n not_o to_o punish_v they_o by_o that_o strict_a rule_n of_o retaliation_n whereby_o they_o shall_v suffer_v according_a to_o what_o they_o have_v do_v but_o that_o he_o will_v suffer_v they_o to_o live_v and_o to_o enjoy_v their_o limb_n yet_o to_o restrain_v they_o from_o the_o like_a outrage_n by_o some_o hard_a yet_o profitable_a labour_n or_o to_o reclaim_v they_o from_o their_o madness_n by_o some_o smart_a punishment_n for_o this_o also_o say_v he_o be_v call_v a_o condemnation_n and_o who_o understand_v not_o this_o to_o be_v as_o well_o a_o benefit_n as_o a_o punishment_n whereby_o neither_o be_v the_o reins_o let_v loose_a to_o licentious_a cruelty_n nor_o that_o wholesome_a physic_n withhold_v that_o shall_v work_v malefactor_n to_o repentance_n a_o house_n of_o correction_n strike_v more_o terror_n to_o a_o idle_a rogue_n than_o the_o gallow_n and_o to_o be_v chain_v to_o a_o oar_n than_o death_n itself_o xiii_o the_o imperfect_a division_n of_o punishment_n reject_v by_o that_o division_n which_o we_o have_v make_v of_o the_o end_n for_o which_o punishment_n be_v ordain_v it_o seem_v that_o somewhat_o be_v omit_v by_o the_o philosopher_n taurus_n out_o of_o who_o gellius_n say_v thus_o whensoever_o there_o shall_v appear_v in_o a_o malefactor_n great_a hope_n of_o reformation_n without_o punishment_n or_o no_o hope_n at_o all_o of_o his_o amendment_n or_o that_o there_o be_v no_o necessary_a cause_n to_o fear_v the_o dignity_n of_o the_o person_n against_o who_o the_o offence_n be_v commit_v shall_v be_v slight_v or_o contemn_v or_o that_o the_o sin_n be_v not_o such_o as_o require_v the_o impression_n of_o some_o necessary_a fear_n to_o preserve_v other_o from_o it_o then_o wherein_o soever_o it_o be_v that_o man_n offend_v it_o be_v not_o worth_a our_o study_n to_o inflict_v punishment_n for_o he_o seem_v thence_o to_o infer_v that_o punishment_n be_v needless_a if_o any_o one_o of_o these_o end_n be_v want_v whereas_o on_o the_o contrary_a all_o these_o end_n must_v cease_v that_o there_o be_v no_o need_n of_o punishment_n beside_o he_o omit_v this_o end_n namely_o when_o a_o incorrigible_a sinner_n 〈◊〉_d take_v away_o to_o the_o end_n that_o he_o may_v not_o commit_v more_o or_o great_a sin_n and_o what_o he_o there_o say_v concern_v the_o loss_n of_o the_o dignity_n of_o the_o person_n against_o who_o the_o sin_n be_v commit_v be_v to_o be_v extend_v to_o other_o damage_n which_o we_o may_v have_v just_a occasion_n to_o fear_v 21._o de_fw-fr clem._n lib._n 1._o c._n 21._o much_o better_a be_v that_o partition_n which_o seneca_n make_v in_o revenge_a injury_n say_v he_o the_o law_n look_v at_o three_o thing_n which_o every_o magistrate_n ought_v likewise_o to_o pursue_v namely_o that_o either_o he_o who_o we_o punish_v shall_v amend_v his_o life_n punish_v three_o end_n of_o punish_v or_o that_o by_o his_o punishment_n other_o shall_v be_v meliorate_v or_o that_o incorrigible_a malefactor_n be_v take_v away_o they_o that_o be_v innocent_a shall_v live_v more_o secure_o legatione_n in_o legatione_n the_o two_o former_a of_o these_o philo_n commemorate_v punishment_n ofttimes_o correct_v and_o amend_v a_o malefactor_n but_o if_o this_o fail_v it_o do_v certain_o meliorate_v those_o that_o come_v to_o the_o knowledge_n thereof_o for_o many_o man_n be_v instruct_v by_o other_o man_n harm_n and_o grow_v more_o watchful_a over_o themselves_o by_o fear_n of_o the_o like_a suffering_n but_o in_o that_o division_n of_o seneca_n if_o by_o those_o that_o be_v innocent_a we_o understand_v as_o well_o those_o who_o may_v hereafter_o be_v injure_v as_o those_o who_o have_v already_o be_v injure_v we_o have_v a_o full_a and_o perfect_a partition_n especial_o if_o to_o those_o two_o word_n take_v away_o we_o add_v or_o suppress_v for_o both_o exile_n imprisonment_n and_o whatsoever_o else_o it_o be_v whereby_o a_o man_n be_v disable_v to_o do_v wrong_n may_v be_v hither_o refer_v but_o that_o distribution_n which_o seneca_n elsewhere_o make_v be_v more_o imperfect_a where_o he_o say_v that_o in_o punishment_n this_o rule_n be_v to_o be_v observe_v that_o some_o be_v inflict_v to_o reclaim_v those_o that_o be_v wicked_a other_o to_o take_v they_o away_o and_o yet_o that_o of_o quintilian_n be_v yet_o more_o imperfect_a that_o every_o punishment_n appertain_v not_o so_o much_o to_o the_o sin_n as_o for_o example_n fourteen_o not_o lawful_a for_o private_a christian_n to_o inflict_v capital_a punishment_n though_o by_o the_o law_n of_o nation_n they_o may_v from_o what_o have_v
be_v about_o word_n only_o which_o a_o philosopher_n shall_v principal_o avoid_v for_o as_o he_o that_o write_v to_o herennius_n true_o note_n vitiosum_fw-la est_fw-la controversiam_fw-la intendere_fw-la propter_fw-la nominum_fw-la mutationem_fw-la 2._o lib._n 2._o to_o heighten_v controversy_n about_o the_o change_n of_o name_n be_v vicious_a and_o as_o st_n augustine_n argue_v against_o the_o academic_n turpe_fw-la est_fw-la disputationibus_fw-la in_o verborum_fw-la quaestione_fw-la immorari_fw-la cùm_fw-la certamen_fw-la nullum_fw-la de_fw-la rebus_fw-la remanserit_fw-la it_o be_v absurd_a to_o contest_v about_o word_n only_o when_o there_o remain_v no_o difference_n at_o all_o about_o thing_n xxiv_o yea_o and_o after_o the_o penal_a law_n but_o the_o pardon_v of_o offence_n after_o the_o penal_a law_n be_v past_a seem_v to_o be_v more_o inconsistent_a with_o the_o integrity_n of_o a_o prince_n because_o he_o that_o be_v the_o author_n of_o the_o law_n be_v in_o some_o measure_n bind_v up_o by_o his_o own_o law_n which_o be_v true_a as_o the_o lawmaker_n be_v a_o member_n of_o the_o city_n and_o as_o so_o only_o consider_v but_o not_o as_o he_o sustain_v the_o authority_n 12._o vid._n sup_v c._n 4._o sect._n 12._o and_o be_v as_o it_o be_v the_o body_n of_o the_o commonwealth_n for_o as_o such_o he_o may_v take_v away_o even_o the_o whole_a law_n for_o the_o nature_n of_o a_o humane_a law_n be_v such_o that_o it_o depend_v upon_o the_o will_n of_o the_o lawmaker_n not_o in_o respect_n of_o its_o institution_n only_o but_o of_o its_o continuation_n they_o humane_a law_n alterable_a by_o he_o that_o make_v they_o but_o in_o case_n he_o do_v subvert_v or_o take_v away_o any_o law_n without_o some_o probable_a reason_n or_o cause_n he_o sin_n against_o the_o rule_n of_o polity_n but_o as_o he_o may_v take_v away_o the_o whole_a law_n so_o also_o may_v he_o take_v away_o the_o condemn_a power_n of_o the_o law_n as_o to_o this_o or_o that_o person_n or_o to_o this_o or_o that_o particular_a fact_n the_o same_o law_n remain_v in_o force_n as_o to_o other_o by_o the_o example_n of_o god_n himself_o who_o as_o lactantius_n observe_v when_o he_o institute_v law_n for_o man_n do_v not_o intend_v to_o deprive_v himself_o of_o the_o power_n of_o pardon_v such_o as_o shall_v offend_v against_o those_o law_n it_o be_v lawful_a for_o a_o prince_n to_o revoke_v the_o sentence_n of_o death_n and_o to_o absolve_v a_o person_n though_o condemn_v to_o die_v say_v st_n augustine_n whereof_o he_o add_v this_o as_o the_o reason_n quia_fw-la non_fw-la est_fw-la subjectus_fw-la legibus_fw-la qui_fw-la habet_fw-la in_o potestate_fw-la leges_fw-la far_o because_o he_o be_v not_o subject_a unto_o law_n in_o who_o power_n it_o be_v to_o make_v law_n for_o the_o condition_n of_o a_o magistrate_n be_v one_o and_o the_o condition_n of_o a_o prince_n be_v another_o the_o magistrate_n be_v corrupt_a if_o his_o sentence_n be_v more_o remiss_a than_o the_o law_n but_o to_o mitigate_v the_o rigour_n of_o a_o severe_a law_n be_v sometime_o the_o glory_n of_o a_o prince_n seneca_n speak_v in_o the_o person_n of_o nero_n say_v occidere_fw-la contra_fw-la legem_fw-la nemo_fw-la potest_fw-la 63._o symmachus_n lib._n 3._o ep._n 63._o seruare_fw-la nemo_fw-la praeter_fw-la i_o kill_v contrary_a to_o law_n no_o man_n can_v and_o save_v none_o can_v beside_o myself_o but_o this_o also_o must_v be_v understand_v so_o that_o it_o ought_v not_o to_o be_v do_v without_o probable_a cause_n but_o what_o these_o probable_a cause_n be_v though_o it_o can_v be_v particular_o define_v yet_o must_v we_o grant_v that_o they_o ought_v to_o be_v great_a after_o the_o law_n be_v past_a than_o those_o that_o be_v look_v at_o before_o because_o unto_o the_o other_o cause_n for_o which_o punishment_n be_v require_v there_o be_v superad_v the_o authority_n of_o the_o law_n which_o be_v fit_a shall_v be_v maintain_v xxv_o cause_n free_v from_o punishment_n intrinsic_a 1._o intrinsic_a but_o the_o cause_n exempt_n any_o man_n from_o the_o penalty_n of_o the_o law_n be_v usual_o either_o intrinsical_v or_o extrinsical_a intrinsical_a as_o when_o the_o punishment_n compare_v with_o the_o fact_n be_v severe_a if_o not_o unjust_a xxvi_o or_o extrinsical_a extrinsical_a when_o a_o man_n former_a merit_n or_o some_o other_o thing_n commend_v the_o person_n offend_v plead_v strong_o for_o his_o pardon_n or_o when_o we_o discern_v some_o extraordinary_a hope_n of_o future_a good_a in_o the_o delinquent_n but_o especial_o if_o the_o reason_n of_o the_o law_n do_v at_o least_o particular_o cease_v in_o that_o fact_n for_o which_o the_o punishment_n be_v to_o be_v inflict_v for_o although_o the_o general_a reason_n of_o a_o law_n where_o it_o be_v not_o counterballance_v with_o a_o contrary_a reason_n be_v sufficient_a to_o uphold_v the_o vigour_n of_o the_o law_n yet_o the_o fail_v even_o of_o that_o which_o be_v the_o particular_a reason_n of_o the_o law_n do_v so_o far_o operate_v that_o the_o law_n may_v more_o easy_o and_o with_o less_o detriment_n to_o authority_n be_v dispense_v with_o as_o gratian_n prove_v by_o many_o instance_n 7._o c._n 1._o q._n 7._o and_o this_o usual_o fall_v out_o in_o such_o sin_n as_o be_v commit_v through_o ignorance_n though_o not_o altogether_o blameless_a or_o through_o infirmity_n of_o mind_n which_o haply_o may_v though_o not_o without_o much_o difficulty_n be_v overcome_v whereunto_o a_o christian_a prince_n ought_v to_o have_v some_o regard_n in_o imitation_n of_o god_n himself_o who_o in_o the_o jewish_a law_n do_v merciful_o provide_v that_o most_o sin_n of_o this_o nature_n shall_v by_o some_o kind_n of_o sacrifice_n be_v expiate_v as_o we_o may_v read_v in_o the_o four_o and_o five_o chapter_n of_o leviticus_n and_o as_o in_o the_o new_a testament_n we_o may_v find_v confirm_v both_o by_o word_n and_o example_n wherein_o he_o declare_v how_o willing_a he_o be_v to_o pardon_v such_o sin_n to_o those_o that_o repent_v as_o luke_n 23.34_o heb._n 4.15_o 1_o tim._n 1.13_o and_o by_o those_o very_a word_n of_o christ_n father_n forgive_v they_o for_o they_o know_v not_o what_o they_o do_v by_o which_o word_n theodosius_n the_o emperor_n be_v so_o wrought_v upon_o that_o he_o free_o forgive_v the_o antiochian_o who_o he_o have_v purpose_v to_o destroy_v as_o st_n chrysostome_n record_v xxvii_o yea_o though_o no_o such_o exemption_n be_v tacit_o include_v in_o the_o law_n hence_o than_o we_o may_v discern_v the_o error_n of_o ferdinandus_n vasquius_fw-la who_o teach_v that_o the_o law_n be_v in_o no_o case_n to_o be_v dispense_v with_o but_o only_o to_o such_o wherein_o the_o lawmaker_n have_v he_o be_v consult_v with_o will_v have_v confess_v that_o it_o be_v not_o his_o intent_n that_o in_o that_o case_n his_o law_n shall_v be_v observe_v for_o vasquius_fw-la there_o do_v not_o well_o distinguish_v between_o the_o equitable_a interpretation_n of_o the_o law_n and_o the_o relaxation_n of_o it_o whence_o it_o be_v that_o in_o another_o place_n he_o reprove_v thomas_n and_o scotus_n for_o say_v that_o the_o law_n be_v bind_v though_o the_o reason_n of_o that_o law_n do_v particular_o cease_v as_o if_o they_o take_v the_o law_n to_o consist_v in_o the_o bare_a letter_n which_o they_o never_o think_v but_o every_o relaxation_n of_o the_o law_n which_o may_v be_v and_o often_o be_v either_o grant_v or_o omit_v free_o at_o the_o pleasure_n of_o the_o prince_n be_v so_o far_o from_o be_v refer_v to_o equity_n proper_o so_o call_v that_o even_o that_o relaxation_n which_o be_v due_a either_o out_o of_o charity_n or_o polity_n be_v not_o to_o be_v refer_v thither_o for_o it_o be_v one_o thing_n to_o take_v away_o the_o efficacy_n of_o the_o law_n upon_o some_o probable_a cause_n or_o upon_o some_o urgent_a occasion_n and_o another_o thing_n to_o declare_v that_o that_o fact_n be_v not_o at_o the_o law-making_a so_o much_o as_o think_v upon_o by_o the_o maker_n of_o it_o but_o let_v this_o suffice_v concern_v the_o take_n away_o the_o punishment_n now_o let_v we_o see_v what_o may_v be_v say_v concern_v their_o infliction_n xxviii_o all_o punishment_n be_v award_v according_a to_o man_n merit_n by_o what_o have_v be_v already_o say_v it_o appear_v that_o in_o punishment_n two_o thing_n be_v considerable_a first_o the_o merit_n of_o the_o crime_n second_o the_o profit_n that_o redound_v by_o the_o punishment_n as_o to_o the_o former_a nemo_fw-la puniendus_fw-la est_fw-la ultra_fw-la meritum_fw-la no_o man_n ought_v to_o be_v punish_v beyond_o the_o merit_n of_o his_o offence_n for_o as_o i_o say_v before_o there_o aught_o to_o be_v a_o equality_n between_o the_o sin_n and_o the_o punishment_n according_a to_o that_o of_o horace_n 15._o epist_n 15._o adsit_fw-la regula_n peccatis_fw-la quae_fw-la poenas_fw-la irroget_fw-la aequas_fw-la let_v sin_n have_v rule_n which_o equal_a pain_n require_v and_o not_o plague_v
sin_n be_v the_o injustice_n of_o the_o fact_n for_o we_o speak_v not_o here_o of_o all_o sin_n but_o of_o those_o which_o have_v respect_n to_o something_o without_o the_o person_n sin_v now_o this_o injustice_n be_v so_o much_o the_o great_a by_o how_o much_o the_o damage_n thereby_o do_v to_o another_o be_v great_a and_o therefore_o those_o be_v the_o great_a injury_n that_o be_v actual_o consummate_v and_o those_o the_o least_o which_o though_o they_o have_v make_v their_o progress_n through_o some_o act_n yet_o be_v not_o arrive_v to_o the_o utmost_a act_n for_o which_o reason_n the_o covet_v of_o our_o neighbour_n good_n be_v place_v by_o moses_n in_o the_o rear_n of_o the_o decalogue_n as_o be_v a_o sin_n of_o the_o low_a form_n or_o as_o it_o be_v but_o a_o introduction_n to_o sin_n which_o the_o far_a it_o go_v the_o worse_a it_o be_v in_o either_o of_o these_o kind_n that_o be_v esteem_v the_o great_a crime_n which_o disturb_v common_a order_n and_o thereby_o give_v offence_n to_o most_o man_n after_o this_o follow_v the_o injury_n do_v to_o particular_a person_n and_o of_o these_o the_o high_a be_v that_o which_o touch_v the_o life_n of_o man_n express_v by_o moses_n in_o this_o precept_n thou_o shall_v not_o kill_v the_o next_o be_v that_o injury_n do_v to_o a_o man_n family_n the_o foundation_n whereof_o be_v lay_v in_o matrimony_n contain_v in_o these_o word_n thou_o shall_v not_o commit_v adultery_n the_o three_o and_o last_o be_v such_o as_o be_v commit_v against_o a_o man_n private_a estate_n either_o direct_o as_o by_o steal_v or_o indirect_o as_o when_o by_o our_o false_a testimony_n we_o prejudice_v the_o right_n of_o other_o these_o may_v be_v yet_o more_o acute_o divide_v but_o it_o please_v almighty_a god_n in_o the_o decalogue_n to_o follow_v this_o order_n for_o under_o the_o name_n of_o parent_n which_o be_v natural_a magistrate_n it_o be_v fit_a that_o magistrate_n and_o other_o ruler_n and_o governor_n shall_v be_v comprehend_v by_o who_o authority_n humane_a society_n be_v maintain_v next_o unto_o this_o follow_v the_o interdiction_n of_o homicide_n the_o institution_n of_o matrimony_n and_o the_o prohibit_v of_o adultery_n then_o theft_n be_v forbid_v and_o false_a testimony_n and_o in_o the_o last_o place_n such_o sin_n as_o be_v inconsummate_v neither_o among_o those_o cause_n that_o shall_v restrain_v we_o from_o sin_n be_v we_o to_o place_v that_o single_a damage_n only_o that_o be_v do_v direct_o against_o other_o but_o that_o also_o which_o be_v probable_o consequent_a to_o it_o as_o in_o fire_v a_o house_n make_v a_o breach_n in_o the_o sea-bank_n or_o in_o a_o bulwark_n wherein_o the_o life_n and_o fortune_n of_o many_o family_n be_v concern_v moreover_o that_o injustice_n which_o we_o put_v here_o as_o a_o general_a cause_n of_o restrain_v from_o sin_n be_v sometime_o aggravate_v by_o the_o addition_n of_o another_o crime_n as_o our_o impiety_n to_o our_o parent_n our_o inhumanity_n to_o our_o kindred_n our_o ingratitude_n to_o our_o patron_n or_o benefactor_n again_o a_o sin_n be_v repute_v the_o great_a be_v the_o often_o commit_v forasmuch_o as_o a_o habit_n of_o evil_n be_v far_o worse_a than_o some_o particular_a act_n of_o evil_a once_o to_o err_v be_v pardonable_a but_o in_o iisdem_fw-la saepius_fw-la errare_fw-la emotae_fw-la est_fw-la mentis_fw-la to_o dash_v often_o against_o the_o same_o stone_n be_v folly_n nay_o madness_n the_o often_o we_o offend_v the_o great_a punishment_n we_o deserve_v and_o from_o hence_o we_o may_v collect_v how_o far_o forth_o that_o be_v natural_o righteous_a which_o be_v usual_o do_v among_o the_o persian_n who_o before_o they_o pass_v sentence_n upon_o a_o malefactor_n custom_n the_o persian_a custom_n look_v back_o to_o his_o former_a life_n and_o compare_v it_o with_o the_o present_a crime_n he_o stand_v convict_v of_o for_o they_o think_v it_o unjust_a to_o take_v away_o the_o life_n of_o any_o man_n for_o one_o evil_a act_n unless_o the_o whole_a course_n of_o his_o life_n have_v be_v otherwise_o sinful_a and_o indeed_o what_o asinius_n pollio_n say_v be_v very_o true_a we_o be_v not_o to_o judge_v of_o any_o person_n by_o some_o particular_a act_n but_o by_o his_o continue_a habit_n none_n be_v to_o be_v account_v notorious_o wicked_a but_o they_o that_o have_v long_o persist_v in_o a_o constant_a course_n of_o wickedness_n nemo_n repent_v fit_a pessimus_fw-la no_o man_n arrive_v at_o the_o height_n of_o impudence_n at_o the_o first_o for_o our_o innocency_n leave_v we_o not_o but_o by_o degree_n and_o boldness_n that_o it_o may_v learn_v not_o to_o startle_v at_o grosser_n villainy_n gather_v strength_n and_o courage_n by_o the_o frequent_a commit_v of_o lesser_a one_o and_o yet_o what_o asinius_n pollio_n say_v concern_v the_o judge_n of_o man_n present_a crime_n by_o their_o former_a life_n aught_o to_o take_v place_n in_o such_o only_a who_o be_v otherwise_o not_o wicked_a have_v be_v on_o a_o sudden_a surprise_v by_o the_o sweetness_n of_o some_o particular_a sin_n but_o not_o in_o those_o who_o have_v change_v the_o whole_a course_n of_o their_o former_a life_n for_o of_o these_o god_n himself_o by_o the_o prophet_n ezekiel_n proclaim_v 1._o chap._n 18._o lib._n 1._o that_o he_o will_v have_v no_o regard_n at_o all_o to_o their_o former_a deed_n whereunto_o that_o of_o thucydides_n may_v very_o fit_o be_v apply_v they_o deserve_v double_o to_o be_v punish_v because_o they_o be_v apostate_n from_o goodness_n and_o degenerate_a from_o virtue_n to_o vice_n and_o therefore_o it_o be_v wise_o provide_v by_o the_o primitive_a christian_n in_o their_o censure_n of_o other_o man_n fail_n that_o no_o judgement_n shall_v pass_v bare_o for_o the_o crime_n commit_v but_o with_o retrospection_n on_o their_o forepast_a life_n and_o on_o what_o follow_v as_o may_v be_v see_v in_o the_o council_n of_o ancyra_n and_o other_o sacerdotio_fw-la lib._n 3._o de_fw-la sacerdotio_fw-la so_o st_n chrysostome_n punishment_n be_v not_o always_o to_o be_v inflict_v according_a to_o the_o sole_a measure_n of_o the_o crime_n but_o we_o ought_v to_o inquire_v into_o the_o mind_n and_o manner_n of_o he_o that_o commit_v they_o but_o a_o law_n be_v once_o enact_v against_o any_o one_o vice_n 7.13_o rom._n 7.13_o make_v a_o sin_n exceed_o sinful_a so_o st_n aug._n lex_fw-la prohibens_fw-la omne_fw-la delicta_fw-la congeminat_fw-la ob._n de_fw-fr vera_fw-la relig._n ob._n the_o law_n in_o prohibit_v double_v all_o offence_n for_o it_o be_v not_o a_o single_a sin_n when_o we_o commit_v not_o that_o only_o which_o be_v in_o itself_o evil_a bâ—t_a tbat_n also_o which_o be_v forbid_v we_o and_o by_o this_o argument_n st_n paul_n aggravate_v the_o sin_n of_o the_o jew_n in_o respect_n of_o those_o of_o the_o gentile_n because_o they_o have_v the_o law_n to_o direct_v they_o we_o must_v not_o therefore_o be_v rash_a in_o judge_v nor_o as_o cicero_n advise_v in_o grave_n and_o serious_a thing_n determine_v of_o the_o will_n and_o intention_n of_o the_o person_n accuse_v bare_o by_o the_o fact_n but_o by_o his_o manner_n and_o custom_n of_o live_v a_o good_a man_n may_v haply_o be_v ensnare_v by_o the_o sweetness_n of_o a_o sin_n or_o by_o the_o sudden_a gust_n of_o temptation_n and_o yet_o in_o the_o general_a course_n of_o his_o life_n he_o may_v retain_v his_o integrity_n the_o heart_n of_o asa_n be_v say_v to_o be_v upright_o all_o the_o day_n of_o his_o life_n and_o yet_o when_o he_o be_v sick_a it_o be_v object_v against_o he_o that_o he_o seek_v unto_o the_o physician_n and_o not_o unto_o the_o lord_n xxxi_o the_o fitness_n of_o the_o person_n offend_v to_o both_o which_o be_v diverse_o respect_v now_o before_o we_o can_v right_o understand_v how_o to_o punish_v we_o must_v know_v the_o aptness_n and_o capacity_n of_o offender_n to_o apprehend_v the_o cause_n which_o do_v either_o excite_v they_o to_o commit_v or_o restrain_v they_o from_o commit_v of_o sin_n now_o this_o aptness_n or_o capacity_n of_o they_o we_o may_v guess_v at_o by_o either_o their_o temperament_n of_o body_n age_n sex_n education_n or_o some_o of_o the_o circumstance_n of_o the_o act_n for_o it_o will_v easy_o be_v grant_v that_o child_n woman_n fool_n illiterate_a person_n and_o ill_o educate_v can_v so_o well_o distinguish_v between_o just_a and_o unjust_a lawful_a and_o unlawful_a as_o they_o that_o have_v more_o perspicacity_n and_o ingenuity_n and_o that_o they_o in_o who_o choler_n predominate_v be_v prone_a to_o anger_n and_o revenge_n as_o they_o also_o that_o be_v of_o a_o sanguine_a complexion_n be_v to_o dalliance_n so_o young_a man_n be_v propense_a to_o one_o passion_n old_a man_n to_o another_o insomuch_o that_o nature_n seem_v to_o plead_v somewhat_o in_o their_o excuse_n as_o to_o such_o sin_n as_o be_v as_o it_o be_v congeneal_a with_o they_o as_o
be_v well_o observe_v by_o andronicus_n rhodius_n and_o although_o it_o can_v exempt_v they_o altogether_o from_o punishment_n yet_o without_o doubt_n it_o render_v the_o fault_n the_o more_o tolerable_a so_o the_o apprehension_n of_o some_o imminent_a danger_n quick_o beget_v a_o fear_n and_o then_o we_o rash_o adventure_v upon_o a_o sin_n to_o avoid_v that_o danger_n in_o like_a manner_n some_o sudden_a and_o unexpected_a injury_n set_v our_o hot_a blood_n on_o boil_v and_o then_o immediate_o before_o reason_n can_v interpose_v we_o attempt_v a_o revenge_n these_o be_v the_o sudden_a eruption_n of_o passion_n and_o not_o the_o deliberate_a act_n of_o the_o will_n which_o certain_o be_v in_o themselves_o more_o excusable_a than_o those_o which_o arise_v mere_o out_o of_o the_o desire_n of_o pleasure_n assault_v we_o not_o so_o violent_o and_o therefore_o may_v either_o be_v defer_v or_o admit_v of_o some_o other_o matter_n wherein_o to_o delight_v without_o injury_n to_o any_o gal._n de_fw-fr providentia_fw-la in_o epist_n ad_fw-la gal._n so_o st_n chrysostome_n lust_n say_v he_o seek_v coition_n only_o but_o not_o with_o this_o or_o that_o particular_a person_n and_o so_o 10._o so_o nic._n l._n 7._o c._n 10._o aristotle_n anger_n and_o cruelty_n be_v much_o more_o natural_a than_o covetousness_n or_o a_o inordinate_a desire_n of_o thing_n unnecessary_a for_o this_o be_v general_o to_o be_v observe_v that_o the_o more_o the_o judgement_n be_v hinder_v in_o its_o free_a choice_n or_o in_o the_o act_n of_o discern_v between_o good_a and_o evil_a and_o the_o more_o natural_a the_o cause_n be_v exciting_a to_o sin_n the_o less_o of_o evil_a the_o sin_n have_v and_o consequent_o the_o less_o it_o shall_v have_v of_o punishment_n difficilium_fw-la facilis_fw-la est_fw-la venia_fw-la the_o great_a difficulty_n there_o be_v in_o the_o thing_n command_v the_o easy_a be_v the_o pardon_n if_o not_o perform_v quantò_fw-la potestas_fw-la vitandi_fw-la fuit_fw-la tanto_fw-la contumaciae_fw-la crimine_fw-la oneratur_fw-la say_v tertullian_n the_o more_o power_n and_o the_o great_a help_n we_o have_v to_o avoid_v a_o sin_n the_o more_o contumacy_n we_o bewray_v in_o the_o commit_v it_o aristotle_n likewise_o in_o the_o place_n before_o cite_v account_v that_o man_n less_o temperate_a who_o be_v either_o not_o at_o all_o or_o very_o weak_o provoke_v with_o carnal_a desire_n either_o seek_v after_o enormous_a pleasure_n or_o fly_v from_o some_o small_a inconvenience_n than_o he_o that_o be_v urge_v thereunto_o by_o some_o vehement_a passion_n for_o what_o will_v the_o same_o person_n do_v if_o he_o feel_v those_o vehement_a perturbation_n of_o mind_n which_o be_v incident_a to_o youth_n or_o that_o grief_n and_o vexation_n that_o poverty_n bring_v with_o it_o pertinent_a whereunto_o be_v that_o of_o antiphanes_n qui_fw-la cum_fw-la sit_fw-la opulens_fw-la nequiter_fw-la quicquam_fw-la facit_fw-la hunc_fw-la si_fw-la esset_fw-la pauper_fw-la quid_fw-la non_fw-la facturum_fw-la putas_fw-la he_o that_o be_v opulent_a unjust_a will_v be_v what_o will_v he_o not_o if_o pinch_v by_o poverty_n and_o what_o we_o every_o where_n read_v in_o comedian_n concern_v the_o dote_a love_n of_o old_a man_n from_o these_o cause_n we_o ought_v to_o guess_v at_o the_o merit_n of_o man_n sin_n and_o to_o fit_v their_o punishment_n according_o xxxii_o counter-passion_n reject_v the_o pythagorean_n hold_v that_o justice_n require_v 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d i._n e._n a_o sufferance_n in_o the_o like_a kind_n by_o way_n of_o punishment_n which_o be_v true_a but_o not_o so_o to_o be_v understand_v as_o if_o he_o that_o hurt_v another_o deliberate_o and_o without_o any_o just_a cause_n give_v shall_v suffer_v just_a so_o much_o again_o and_o no_o more_o for_o the_o law_n of_o moses_n itself_o which_o be_v a_o perfect_a pattern_n for_o all_o other_o law_n reject_v this_o exposition_n for_o it_o require_v that_o he_o that_o steal_v any_o thing_n from_o another_o shall_v restore_v four_o and_o fivefold_a and_o the_o attic_a law_n do_v require_v that_o a_o thief_n beside_o a_o double_a restitution_n whereunto_o that_o of_o st_n john_n rev._n 18.6_o refer_v shall_v remain_v in_o bond_n for_o certain_a day_n as_o demosthenes_n testify_v and_o when_o the_o minyan_o have_v without_o any_o right_n timocr_n cont._n timocr_n extort_a tribute_n from_o the_o theban_n hercules_n compel_v they_o to_o restore_v it_o unto_o they_o double_a as_o apollodorus_n record_v it_o aristides_n also_o of_o the_o grecian_a law_n testify_v 2._o lib._n 2._o leuctr_n 2._o that_o the_o injure_a person_n be_v permit_v to_o recover_v more_o than_o the_o damage_n sustain_v by_o way_n of_o revenge_n whereof_o st._n ambrose_n give_v this_o reason_n qâ—o_fw-la furem_fw-la à _fw-la detrahendo_fw-la aut_fw-la poena_fw-la deterreant_fw-la aut_fw-la mulcta_fw-la revocent_fw-la 3._o de_fw-fr offic_n 3._o c._n 3._o that_o so_o they_o may_v affright_v the_o thief_n from_o his_o pilfer_n by_o the_o punishment_n or_o discourage_v he_o by_o the_o mulct_n seneca_n speak_v of_o judgement_n to_o be_v inflict_v after_o this_o life_n say_v scelera_fw-la taxantur_fw-la modo_fw-la majore_fw-la nostra_fw-la our_o crime_n with_o great_a plague_n be_v there_o punish_v than_o those_o we_o suffer_v here_o strabo_n observe_v a_o law_n among_o the_o indian_n 15._o lib._n 15._o that_o if_o one_o man_n have_v maim_v or_o dismember_v another_o beside_o the_o common_a punishment_n of_o retaliation_n he_o be_v to_o lose_v his_o hand_n and_o in_o that_o book_n which_o be_v entitle_v aristotle_n moral_n we_o read_v that_o it_o be_v just_a 34._o lib._n 1._o c._n 34._o that_o he_o that_o willing_o put_v out_o another_o man_n eye_n shall_v suffer_v not_o only_o in_o the_o like_a kind_n but_o somewhat_o more_o for_o as_o philo_n in_o his_o special_a law_n observe_v it_o be_v not_o equal_a that_o the_o nocent_a and_o the_o innocent_a shall_v suffer_v but_o alike_o and_o from_o hence_o it_o be_v that_o the_o very_a attempt_n to_o commit_v some_o sin_n though_o not_o consummate_v and_o consequent_o have_v less_o of_o evil_n in_o they_o than_o those_o that_o be_v perpetrate_v yet_o be_v equal_o punish_v according_a to_o what_o they_o intend_v as_o we_o may_v read_v deut._n 19.19_o in_o the_o case_n of_o a_o false_a testimony_n so_o deut_n 22.19_o in_o the_o case_n of_o a_o husband_n accuse_v his_o wife_n of_o whoredom_n to_o defraud_v she_o of_o her_o dowry_n the_o like_a we_o may_v read_v exod._a 22.9_o as_o also_o among_o the_o roman_a law_n it_o be_v provide_v that_o he_o that_o carry_v a_o weapon_n about_o he_o with_o a_o intent_n to_o kill_v a_o man_n be_v to_o have_v be_v punish_v as_o though_o he_o have_v do_v it_o and_o if_o it_o be_v object_v that_o if_o the_o bare_a attempt_n be_v punishable_a with_o death_n sure_o the_o execution_n shall_v be_v more_o severe_o punish_v i_o answer_v that_o because_o nothing_o can_v be_v more_o grievous_a than_o death_n and_o because_o a_o man_n can_v die_v but_o once_o therefore_o we_o must_v necessary_o aquiesce_v in_o this_o punishment_n because_o we_o can_v go_v no_o further_o unless_o we_o do_v sometime_o add_v thereunto_o some_o kind_n of_o torment_n to_o make_v death_n itself_o the_o more_o terrible_a xxxiii_o in_o punishment_n regard_n be_v to_o be_v have_v to_o the_o person_n punish_v punishment_n be_v not_o to_o be_v consider_v bare_o but_o with_o respect_n have_v to_o the_o quality_n of_o he_o that_o suffer_v they_o the_o same_o mulct_n or_o fine_a that_o be_v grievous_a to_o a_o poor_a man_n be_v no_o punishment_n at_o all_o to_o the_o rich_a and_o the_o stock_n or_o pillory_n which_o by_o the_o vile_a sort_n of_o people_n be_v slight_v be_v worse_o than_o death_n itself_o to_o the_o noble_a the_o roman_a law_n do_v often_o make_v use_n of_o this_o difference_n of_o person_n and_o punishment_n and_o bodine_n upon_o this_o consideration_n do_v frame_v a_o kind_n of_o harmoniacal_a proportion_n whereas_o notwithstanding_o indeed_o here_o be_v but_o a_o simple_a equality_n between_o the_o merit_n and_o the_o punishment_n such_o as_o be_v in_o number_n as_o also_o in_o all_o contract_n between_o the_o thing_n sell_v and_o the_o money_n although_o the_o same_o merchandise_n be_v worth_a in_o some_o place_n more_o and_o in_o some_o less_o as_o also_o be_v money_n according_a to_o its_o either_o plenty_n or_o scarcity_n but_o we_o must_v acknowledge_v that_o ofttimes_o among_o the_o roman_n this_o be_v not_o do_v without_o too_o great_a a_o respect_n have_v to_o the_o person_n and_o their_o quality_n nothing_o appertain_v to_o the_o fact_n which_o acception_n of_o person_n moses_n his_o law_n do_v exceed_o abhor_v and_o this_o be_v as_o we_o have_v say_v the_o intrinsic_a valuation_n of_o a_o punishment_n xxxiv_o charity_n mitigate_v punishment_n but_o that_o which_o restrain_v we_o in_o punish_v within_o those_o bound_n which_o the_o law_n permit_v be_v the_o love_n of_o he_o who_o be_v punish_v
samian_o after_o three_o age_n they_o injury_n do_v shall_v not_o be_v revenge_v but_o on_o those_o that_o do_v they_o from_o all_o which_o we_o may_v conclude_v that_o the_o memory_n of_o injury_n do_v we_o ought_v not_o to_o outlive_v the_o person_n that_o do_v they_o neither_o will_v those_o argument_n bring_v by_o plutarch_n in_o defence_n of_o the_o revenge_n take_v by_o god_n upon_o posterity_n for_o the_o sin_n of_o their_o ancestor_n serve_v to_o justify_v the_o like_a in_o man_n because_o there_o be_v not_o the_o same_o right_n between_o man_n and_o man_n as_o there_o be_v between_o god_n and_o man_n neither_o will_v it_o necessary_o follow_v that_o because_o our_o child_n do_v receive_v honour_n and_o reward_n for_o the_o virtuous_a act_n of_o their_o forefather_n therefore_o they_o may_v be_v just_o punish_v for_o their_o fault_n because_o such_o be_v the_o nature_n of_o a_o courtesy_n or_o benefit_n that_o it_o may_v be_v confer_v upon_o any_o man_n without_o injury_n but_o the_o nature_n of_o a_o punishment_n be_v not_o so_o ix_o whether_o a_o man_n may_v partake_v of_o the_o punishment_n though_o not_o of_o the_o crime_n thus_o have_v show_v by_o what_o mean_v a_o man_n may_v partake_v of_o the_o punishment_n by_o be_v make_v accessary_a to_o the_o sin_n of_o another_o now_o we_o intend_v to_o show_v how_o a_o man_n may_v be_v involve_v in_o the_o punishment_n though_o he_o be_v no_o way_n accessary_a to_o his_o sin_n and_o here_o to_o avoid_v mistake_n and_o that_o we_o may_v not_o confound_v thing_n in_o their_o own_o nature_n distinct_a because_o they_o be_v alike_o in_o name_n we_o must_v walk_v cautious_o as_o to_o some_o particular_n x._o that_o which_o come_v direct_o distinguish_v from_o that_o which_o come_v by_o consequence_n as_o in_o the_o first_o place_n we_o must_v distinguish_v between_o that_o damage_n that_o be_v purposely_o and_o direct_o do_v and_o that_o which_o come_v by_o consequence_n that_o i_o account_v a_o wrong_n direct_o do_v when_o that_o be_v take_v away_o whereunto_o a_o man_n have_v a_o peculiar_a right_n and_o that_o i_o call_v a_o wrong_n do_v by_o consequence_n when_o a_o man_n be_v deprive_v of_o that_o which_o otherwise_o he_o may_v have_v have_v that_o condition_n cease_v without_o which_o he_o can_v have_v no_o right_a or_o title_n a_o example_n whereof_o ulpian_n give_v we_o thus_o if_o by_o dig_v a_o well_o in_o my_o own_o ground_n i_o cut_v off_o or_o intercept_v the_o spring_n that_o feed_v my_o neighbour_n well_o the_o damage_n he_o sustain_v be_v not_o occasion_v direct_o by_o any_o illegal_a act_n of_o i_o but_o by_o the_o lawful_a use_n of_o that_o wherein_o i_o have_v a_o proper_a and_o peculiar_a right_n as_o be_v my_o own_o and_o in_o another_o place_n there_o be_v a_o great_a difference_n between_o the_o do_v of_o a_o injury_n and_o the_o prohibit_v a_o man_n to_o make_v the_o profit_n which_o he_o have_v hitherto_o be_v permit_v to_o make_v and_o it_o be_v very_o preposterous_a say_v paulus_n the_o lawyer_n to_o account_v ourselves_o rich_a before_o we_o have_v acquire_v those_o riches_n as_o when_o a_o father_n run_v into_o a_o praemunire_n by_o do_v that_o for_o which_o his_o estate_n be_v just_o confiscate_v his_o child_n may_v feel_v the_o loss_n it_o be_v true_a but_o the_o loss_n be_v not_o proper_o their_o punishment_n because_o the_o good_n can_v not_o proper_o be_v account_v they_o unless_o they_o have_v continue_v to_o have_v be_v their_o father_n to_o the_o hour_n of_o his_o death_n which_o be_v well_o observe_v by_o alphenus_n when_o he_o say_v the_o child_n indeed_o do_v suffer_v through_o the_o default_n of_o their_o father_n but_o that_o they_o do_v not_o inherit_v that_o which_o shall_v otherwise_o have_v descend_v unto_o they_o be_v not_o proper_o the_o child_n punishment_n but_o their_o parent_n but_o those_o good_n which_o accrue_v unto_o they_o not_o from_o their_o parent_n but_o either_o from_o nature_n custom_n or_o education_n do_v notwithstanding_o their_o father_n fault_n remain_v perfect_o they_o cicero_n write_v that_o themistocles_n his_o child_n suffer_v want_v nor_o do_v he_o think_v it_o unjust_a that_o lepidus_n his_o child_n shall_v do_v the_o like_a and_o this_o he_o affirm_v to_o be_v a_o ancient_a custom_n and_o observe_v in_o all_o city_n which_o notwithstanding_o the_o late_a roman_a law_n have_v somewhat_o moderate_v so_o when_o through_o the_o default_n of_o the_o major_a part_n which_o as_o we_o have_v say_v before_o represent_v and_o have_v the_o power_n of_o the_o whole_a the_o whole_a offend_v and_o upon_o that_o account_n lose_v their_o civil_a liberty_n i._n e._n their_o wall_n port_n and_o other_o commodity_n those_o particular_a person_n who_o be_v innocent_a do_v indeed_o bear_v a_o equal_a share_n in_o the_o loss_n but_o yet_o in_o those_o thing_n only_o which_o appertain_v not_o unto_o they_o but_o as_o they_o be_v a_o part_n of_o the_o whole_a xi_o what_o befall_v we_o by_o the_o occasion_n of_o a_o crime_n distinguish_v from_o that_o which_o befall_v we_o because_o of_o the_o crime_n beside_o it_o be_v to_o be_v note_v that_o sometime_o some_o evil_n be_v to_o be_v impose_v on_o a_o man_n or_o some_o good_a take_v from_o he_o by_o the_o occasion_n of_o another_o sin_n yet_o so_o that_o that_o sin_n be_v not_o the_o immediate_a cause_n of_o that_o action_n as_o to_o the_o very_o right_o of_o do_v it_o as_o he_o that_o pass_v his_o word_n for_o the_o debt_n of_o another_o suffer_v not_o by_o reason_n of_o the_o debt_n but_o by_o reason_n of_o his_o engagement_n according_a to_o our_o proverb_n a_o surety_n be_v a_o sure_a tie_n for_o as_o he_o that_o pass_v his_o word_n for_o a_o buyer_n be_v not_o bind_v by_o the_o purchase_n but_o by_o his_o own_o free_a promise_n so_o he_o that_o undertake_v for_o a_o delinquent_n may_v suffer_v est_fw-la sponde_v noxa_fw-la praesto_fw-la est_fw-la not_o for_o his_o delinquency_n but_o by_o reason_n of_o his_o vadimony_n or_o susception_n which_o as_o it_o be_v in_o his_o own_o free_a power_n to_o do_v or_o not_o to_o do_v so_o be_v do_v it_o shall_v no_o less_o oblige_v he_o than_o the_o offence_n do_v the_o delinquent_n now_o the_o ground_n of_o this_o be_v the_o power_n and_o freedom_n that_o every_o man_n have_v to_o oblige_v himself_o and_o therefore_o the_o measure_n of_o his_o suffering_n be_v not_o to_o be_v take_v from_o the_o heinousness_n of_o another_o fault_n but_o from_o the_o power_n he_o have_v to_o oblige_v himself_o the_o consequence_n whereof_o be_v that_o no_o man_n can_v just_o be_v put_v to_o death_n by_o be_v a_o surety_n for_o another_o who_o crime_n may_v happy_o deserve_v death_n because_o no_o man_n can_v just_o oblige_v himself_o beyond_o what_o be_v in_o his_o power_n but_o this_o power_n over_o a_o man_n life_n either_o to_o take_v it_o away_o from_o himself_o or_o to_o oblige_v another_o to_o take_v it_o away_o from_o he_o no_o man_n have_v and_o therefore_o no_o man_n can_v just_o be_v put_v to_o death_n by_o reason_n of_o such_o a_o vademony_n and_o this_o i_o hold_v to_o be_v the_o true_a opinion_n though_o it_o seem_v that_o not_o the_o ancient_a roman_n only_o but_o the_o grecian_n and_o hebrew_n also_o be_v of_o another_o mind_n who_o believe_v that_o even_o the_o surety_n also_o may_v just_o be_v adjudge_v to_o death_n as_o appear_v by_o that_o ancient_a story_n of_o damon_n and_o pythias_n and_o by_o those_o word_n of_o reuben_n to_o his_o father_n jacob_n 3._o jos_n ant._n lib._n 2._o cap._n 3._o slay_v my_o two_o son_n if_o i_o bring_v he_o not_o back_o unto_o thou_o 42.37_o thou_o gen._n 42.37_o whereunto_o st_n augustine_n 14._o augustine_n ep._n 54._o ad_fw-la macedonium_n see_v lib._n 3._o c._n 4._o §._o 14._o allude_v where_o he_o say_v that_o he_o that_o be_v the_o cause_n of_o another_o death_n be_v sometime_o a_o great_a sinner_n than_o he_o that_o kill_v he_o as_o when_o a_o malefactor_n leave_v his_o surety_n to_o suffer_v that_o lawful_a punishment_n which_o himself_o shall_v undergo_v as_o it_o fall_v out_o frequent_o with_o hostage_n as_o we_o shall_v show_v anon_o neither_o do_v this_o power_n of_o oblige_v a_o man_n self_n extend_v to_o mutilation_n for_o no_o man_n have_v such_o a_o power_n over_o his_o bodily_a member_n as_o to_o cut_v they_o off_o unless_o it_o be_v for_o the_o conservation_n of_o the_o whole_a body_n but_o whatsoever_o any_o man_n have_v a_o full_a and_o absolute_a power_n over_o he_o may_v engage_v for_o another_o and_o if_o he_o suffer_v thereby_o it_o be_v not_o by_o way_n of_o punishment_n but_o by_o way_n of_o equity_n which_o require_v that_o what_o be_v promise_v shall_v be_v perform_v thus_o a_o man_n may_v forfeit_v his_o estate_n his_o liberty_n his_o good_n
not_o into_o the_o world_n to_o invade_v another_o man_n glory_n but_o to_o communicate_v his_o own_o not_o to_o usurp_v a_o earthly_a kingdom_n but_o to_o confer_v a_o heavenly_a st_n paul_n tell_v timothy_n that_o a_o bishop_n shall_v be_v no_o striker_n 1_o tim._n 3.2_o nor_o rule_n by_o constraint_n or_o compulsion_n for_o to_o dâ—ive_v by_o force_n better_a become_v a_o king_n than_o a_o bishop_n prince_n may_v exercise_v their_o power_n in_o punish_v offender_n to_o deter_v they_o from_o do_v evil_a 2._o de_fw-fr sacerd._n l._n 2._o but_o what_o we_o do_v say_v chrysostome_n must_v be_v not_o by_o coercion_n but_o by_o persuasion_n whereunto_o he_o add_v this_o reason_n for_o god_n crown_v not_o our_o force_a but_o our_o voluntary_a or_o as_o st_n paul_n speak_v our_o reasonable_a service_n 1.4_o ad_fw-la eph._n 1.4_o so_o in_o another_o place_n it_o be_v our_o duty_n to_o instruct_v persuade_v exhort_v and_o reprove_v but_o not_o to_o command_v or_o to_o compel_v consiliariorum_fw-la locum_fw-la obtinemus_fw-la we_o serve_v as_o councillor_n to_o advice_n and_o to_o give_v our_o opinion_n but_o still_o we_o leave_v our_o auditor_n to_o their_o free_a choice_n whether_o they_o will_v act_v according_o or_o no_o we_o have_v no_o such_o power_n give_v we_o as_o to_o restrain_v man_n from_o sin_v by_o severe_a punishment_n whence_o it_o be_v evident_a that_o bishop_n as_o such_o have_v no_o right_n of_o domination_n over_o man_n nepotiani_n in_o epitaphio_fw-la nepotiani_n as_o king_n and_o prince_n have_v st_n hierome_n distinguish_v between_o a_o king_n and_o a_o bishop_n conclude_v that_o the_o power_n of_o a_o bishop_n be_v much_o inferior_a to_o that_o of_o a_o king_n for_o a_o king_n may_v enforce_v to_o a_o unwilling_a obedience_n but_o a_o bishop_n have_v no_o power_n but_o over_o such_o as_o be_v willing_a to_o obey_v he_o episcopus_fw-la docet_fw-la ne_fw-la judex_n inveniat_fw-la quod_fw-la puniat_fw-la the_o bishop_n instruct_v and_o admonish_v that_o the_o magistrate_n may_v find_v no_o cause_n to_o punish_v it_o be_v well_o say_v of_o frederick_n the_o emperor_n concern_v the_o pope_n ecclesiam_fw-la regat_fw-la ille_fw-la svam_fw-la divinaque_fw-la jura_fw-la temperet_fw-la imperium_fw-la nobis_fw-la fascesque_fw-la relinquat_fw-la let_v he_o his_o own_o church_n rule_v by_o law_n divine_a but_o let_v the_o sword_n and_o sceptre_n still_o be_v i_o and_o when_o suenno_n king_n of_o denmark_n stand_v excommunicate_a william_n bishop_n of_o rosâ—hil_n in_o oppose_v himself_o against_o he_o at_o his_o entrance_n into_o the_o church_n with_o his_o pastoral_a staff_n and_o expose_v his_o breast_n naked_a to_o the_o officer_n of_o the_o king_n who_o offer_v to_o draw_v upon_o he_o do_v therein_o perform_v the_o office_n of_o a_o good_a bishop_n the_o like_a do_v st_n ambrose_n to_o the_o emperor_n valentinus_n as_o we_o have_v declare_v above_o 5._o bo._n 1._o ch_n 4._o §._o 5._o but_o whether_o it_o be_v lawful_a for_o king_n themselves_o to_o make_v war_n upon_o such_o as_o have_v reject_v christianity_n by_o way_n of_o punishment_n we_o have_v already_o elsewhere_o discourse_v in_o the_o chapter_n of_o punishment_n as_o far_o as_o suffice_v to_o our_o purpose_n xv._o the_o pretence_n of_o fulfil_n of_o prophecy_n no_o cause_n of_o war._n and_o hereof_o also_o i_o shall_v give_v my_o advice_n and_o that_o not_o in_o vain_a but_o because_o i_o foresee_v by_o compare_v these_o modern_a time_n with_o those_o long_o since_o past_a much_o mischief_n likely_a to_o ensue_v unless_o in_o time_n careful_o prevent_v that_o the_o hope_n we_o conceive_v that_o some_o thing_n be_v due_a unto_o we_o by_o our_o own_o interpretation_n of_o some_o divine_a prophecy_n can_v be_v no_o cause_n of_o a_o just_a war._n zozimus_n record_v it_o of_o nicomedes_n the_o son_n of_o prusias_n that_o mis-appling_a a_o prophecy_n of_o one_o of_o the_o sibyl_n by_o the_o persuasion_n of_o attalus_n make_v war_n against_o his_o own_o father_n the_o like_a he_o and_o ammianus_n relate_v of_o one_o theodorus_n so_o do_v procopius_n of_o john_n of_o cappadocia_n gratian._n in_o the_o time_n of_o the_o emperor_n gratian._n for_o beside_o that_o those_o prophecy_n which_o be_v not_o fulfil_v can_v certain_o be_v understand_v without_o a_o prophetic_a spirit_n the_o very_a time_n of_o the_o accomplishment_n of_o such_o as_o be_v certain_a may_v be_v hide_v from_o we_o and_o last_o the_o bare_a prediction_n unless_o it_o be_v back_v with_o a_o express_a command_n from_o god_n give_v no_o right_a to_o any_o man_n sâ—eing_v that_o god_n permit_v such_o thing_n as_o he_o predict_v to_o be_v sometime_o bring_v to_o pass_v by_o wicked_a man_n and_o by_o wicked_a action_n for_o the_o book_n of_o the_o prophet_n be_v shut_v and_o seal_v up_o until_o a_o certain_a time_n so_o that_o they_o can_v be_v understand_v dan._n 12.4.8.9_o the_o vision_n that_o the_o prophet_n habbakkuk_n see_v concern_v the_o judgement_n to_o fall_v on_o the_o chaldaean_n be_v not_o immediate_o to_o be_v inflict_v on_o they_o but_o it_o be_v to_o be_v fulfil_v in_o its_o appoint_a time_n in_o the_o end_n whereof_o say_v that_o vision_n it_o shall_v speak_v and_o not_o lie_v though_o it_o do_v tarry_v yet_o be_v the_o prophet_n to_o wait_v for_o it_o for_o it_o shall_v sure_o come_v to_o pass_v and_o not_o stay_v hab._n 2.3_o time_n then_o be_v the_o best_a interpreter_n of_o prophecy_n st_n jerome_n upon_o that_o place_n of_o daniel_n before-recited_n write_v thus_o if_o the_o prophet_n do_v hear_v and_o not_o understand_v what_o will_v they_o do_v who_o presume_v on_o their_o own_o understanding_n have_v publish_v this_o book_n which_o be_v seal_v up_o and_o until_o the_o time_n come_v for_o its_o accomplishment_n so_o procopius_n concern_v the_o oracle_n of_o the_o sibyl_n which_o say_v he_o i_o believe_v be_v beyond_o all_o humane_a power_n to_o unfold_v until_o the_o time_n come_v when_o they_o shall_v be_v fulfil_v let_v divine_n therefore_o take_v heed_n how_o they_o undertake_v to_o unriddle_v prophecy_n and_o let_v politician_n beware_v how_o they_o give_v credit_n to_o over-arrogating_a divine_n though_o the_o thing_n predict_v be_v certain_o to_o come_v to_o pass_v yet_o be_v the_o time_n and_o mean_n when_o and_o whereby_o they_o be_v to_o be_v accomplish_v very_o uncertain_a and_o therefore_o it_o be_v no_o dishonour_n to_o profess_v our_o ignorance_n of_o they_o eorum_fw-la quae_fw-la scire_fw-la nec_fw-la datur_fw-la nec_fw-la fas_fw-la est_fw-la docta_fw-la est_fw-la ignorantia_fw-la scientiae_fw-la appetus_fw-la insaniae_fw-la species_n some_o kind_n of_o madness_n it_o be_v to_o desire_v to_o know_v those_o thing_n which_o be_v therefore_o screen_v from_o we_o that_o we_o shall_v not_o know_v they_o the_o secret_a thing_n belong_v unto_o god_n but_o the_o thing_n reveal_v unto_o we_o deut._n 29.29_o xvi_o nor_o a_o debt_n not_o strict_o due_a but_o some_o other_o way_n thus_o also_o be_v it_o to_o be_v observe_v that_o in_o case_n any_o thing_n be_v owe_v to_o a_o man_n not_o strict_o out_o of_o justice_n but_o arise_v from_o some_o other_o virtue_n as_o from_o liberality_n favour_n mercy_n love_n or_o the_o like_a as_o it_o can_v be_v recover_v by_o any_o course_n of_o law_n so_o neither_o can_v it_o be_v require_v by_o war._n for_o to_o either_o of_o these_o it_o suffice_v not_o that_o what_o be_v require_v be_v for_o some_o moral_a reason_n to_o be_v do_v but_o beside_o that_o it_o be_v necessary_a that_o there_o shall_v be_v in_o we_o some_o kind_n of_o right_n unto_o that_o such_o a_o kind_n of_o right_a as_o the_o law_n both_o divine_a and_o humane_a do_v sometime_o give_v even_o unto_o such_o thing_n as_o be_v due_a by_o other_o virtue_n which_o when_o it_o happen_v than_o it_o become_v a_o debt_n after_o a_o new_a way_n which_o now_o appertain_v to_o justice_n but_o this_o be_v want_v the_o war_n that_o be_v make_v for_o this_o cause_n be_v unjust_a as_o be_v that_o war_n make_v by_o the_o roman_n against_o the_o king_n of_o cyprus_n or_o ingratitude_n for_o he_o that_o do_v a_o courtesy_n to_o another_o have_v no_o right_a to_o exact_v thanks_o otherwise_o it_o be_v not_o a_o courtesy_n but_o a_o contract_n or_o debt_n xvii_o though_o the_o war_n be_v just_a yet_o the_o manner_n of_o prosecute_a it_o may_v make_v it_o unjust_a it_o be_v also_o to_o be_v observe_v that_o though_o there_o be_v a_o just_a cause_n of_o war_n yet_o may_v this_o just_a cause_n be_v spoil_v by_o the_o access_n of_o some_o vice_n that_o cleave_v to_o the_o action_n from_o the_o mind_n of_o the_o agent_n either_o that_o something_o else_o not_o by_o itself_o unlawful_a do_v more_o efficacious_o move_v we_o to_o the_o war_n than_o the_o right_n itself_o as_o when_o we_o have_v a_o great_a prospect_n unto_o glory_n or_o when_o some_o kind_n of_o profit_n either_o public_a or_o
private_a be_v expect_v to_o arise_v from_o the_o very_a war_n be_v consider_v a_o part_n from_o the_o cause_n that_o justify_v it_o which_o vice_n be_v most_o dangerous_a because_o it_o come_v mantle_v with_o the_o robe_n of_o virtue_n but_o as_o st._n augustine_n right_o advise_v satius_fw-la est_fw-la cujuslibet_fw-la inertiae_fw-la poenas_fw-la luere_fw-la quam_fw-la istorum_fw-la armorum_fw-la gloriam_fw-la quaerere_fw-la better_a it_o be_v to_o suffer_v the_o punishment_n of_o any_o cowardice_n then_o to_o seek_v glory_n by_o such_o a_o war._n this_o be_v it_o that_o sully_v all_o the_o victory_n of_o alexander_n and_o for_o which_o all_o historian_n declaim_v against_o he_o as_o a_o robber_n because_o he_o make_v war_n only_o for_o ambition_n and_o to_o that_o end_n disquiet_v the_o whole_a world_n vex_v all_o nation_n without_o any_o cause_n give_v and_o make_v war_n upon_o those_o who_o he_o never_o know_v for_o what_o can_v this_o be_v but_o as_o st._n augustine_n call_v it_o grandee_n latrocinium_fw-la a_o great_a robbery_n or_o a_o just_a cause_n may_v be_v spoil_v when_o accompany_v with_o a_o passion_n manifest_o unlawful_a as_o when_o we_o rejoice_v in_o the_o destruction_n of_o our_o enemy_n bare_o as_o such_o without_o respect_n to_o any_o thing_n that_o be_v good_a so_o aristides_n be_v of_o opinion_n that_o the_o phocenses_n be_v deserve_o destroy_v but_o withal_o he_o condemn_a king_n philip_n for_o destroy_v they_o because_o he_o do_v it_o not_o upon_o the_o score_n of_o religion_n as_o he_o pretend_v but_o out_o of_o a_o ambitious_a desire_n to_o enlarge_v his_o empire_n sallust_n ascribe_v all_o war_n to_o this_o one_o and_o that_o very_o ancient_a cause_n namely_o a_o vehement_a thirst_n after_o dominion_n and_o riches_n and_o it_o be_v tacitus_n his_o observation_n that_o gold_n and_o wealth_n be_v ever_o the_o principal_a cause_n of_o make_v war_n which_o seneca_n attribute_n to_o covetousness_n and_o revenge_n mad_a anger_n and_o a_o greedy_a thirst_n for_o gain_v the_o league_n have_v break_v whereunto_o we_o may_v add_v that_o of_o st._n augustine_n a_o earnest_a desire_n to_o make_v what_o spoil_n we_o can_v the_o cruelty_n of_o revenge_n a_o unquiet_a and_o implacable_a spirit_n contumacy_n and_o rebellion_n together_o with_o a_o ambitious_a thirst_n after_o empire_n and_o riches_n these_o and_o the_o like_a be_v deserve_o blame_v in_o all_o war_n but_o yet_o these_o where_o a_o justify_v cause_n be_v not_o want_v though_o they_o favour_v rank_o of_o a_o corrupt_a mind_n yet_o do_v they_o not_o render_v the_o war_n proper_o unjust_a and_o therefore_o restitution_n can_v just_o be_v require_v of_o damage_n sustain_v in_o such_o a_o war._n chap._n xxiii_o of_o the_o cause_n of_o war_n that_o be_v doubtful_a i._o whence_o doubt_n arise_v in_o moral_a matter_n ii_o that_o we_o ought_v to_o do_v nothing_o contrary_a to_o the_o dictate_v of_o our_o own_o judgement_n though_o erroneous_a iii_o that_o the_o judgement_n be_v sometime_o sway_v by_o argument_n draw_v from_o the_o thing_n itself_o iv_o sometime_o by_o the_o authority_n of_o other_o v._o if_o on_o either_o side_n doubt_n do_v equal_o arise_v and_o the_o matter_n be_v weighty_a and_o one_o must_v be_v choose_v than_o we_o be_v to_o choose_v the_o safe_a vi_o whence_o it_o follow_v that_o in_o such_o a_o case_n we_o be_v not_o to_o engage_v in_o war._n vii_o which_o may_v be_v avoid_v either_o by_o a_o treaty_n viii_o or_o by_o arbitration_n where_o also_o be_v handle_v the_o duty_n of_o christian_a prince_n in_o mediate_a between_o the_o party_n engage_v in_o war._n ix_o or_o by_o lot_n x._o whether_o single_a combat_n may_v be_v admit_v to_o prevent_v a_o public_a war._n xi_o that_o the_o present_a occupant_a have_v some_o advantage_n where_o the_o case_n be_v equal_o doubtful_a xii_o where_o the_o case_n be_v equal_o doubtful_a on_o both_o side_n and_o neither_o party_n be_v in_o possession_n the_o matter_n contend_v for_o may_v be_v divide_v xiii_o whether_o a_o war_n may_v be_v on_o both_o side_n just_a explain_v by_o many_o distinction_n i._o cause_n of_o doubt_n whence_o it_o be_v true_a what_o aristotle_n in_o the_o first_o of_o his_o moral_n teach_v that_o there_o can_v be_v the_o same_o certainty_n in_o ethic_n as_o in_o mathematics_n which_o therefore_o happen_v because_o the_o mathematics_n abstract_a form_n from_o all_o matter_n and_o because_o the_o very_a form_n themselves_o be_v such_o for_o the_o most_o part_n as_o will_v admit_v of_o no_o mean_a as_o between_o straight_a and_o crooked_a there_o be_v nothing_o intervenient_a but_o in_o moral_n the_o least_o circumstance_n vary_v the_o matter_n and_o the_o form_n concern_v which_o we_o treat_v have_v usual_o something_a interjacent_a and_o of_o that_o latitude_n that_o they_o sometime_o approach_v near_o to_o this_o extreme_a and_o sometime_o near_o to_o that_o as_o between_o thing_n absolute_o command_v and_o thing_n absolute_o interdict_v there_o be_v some_o thing_n that_o may_v or_o may_v not_o be_v do_v so_o between_o thing_n exact_o just_a and_o thing_n absolute_o unjust_a there_o be_v some_o thing_n intermediate_v whereof_o some_o incline_v near_o to_o this_o extreme_a and_o some_o to_o that_o from_o whence_o do_v often_o arise_v some_o doubt_n and_o ambiguity_n to_o whether_o of_o the_o two_o extreme_n they_o approach_v near_o as_o we_o may_v perceive_v in_o the_o degree_n of_o heat_n and_o cold_a in_o water_n when_o it_o be_v tepid_a and_o in_o the_o degree_n of_o light_n and_o darkness_n health_n and_o sickness_n etc._n etc._n insomuch_o that_o as_o aristotle_n say_v the_o judgement_n have_v sometime_o a_o hard_a task_n to_o determine_v which_o be_v to_o be_v prefer_v before_o the_o other_o but_o andronicus_n rhodius_n go_v yet_o far_o affirm_v that_o it_o be_v a_o very_a difficult_a thing_n sometime_o to_o distinguish_v between_o reality_n and_o resemblance_n thing_n exact_o just_a and_o thing_n that_o be_v only_o apparent_o so_o ii_o nothing_o to_o be_v do_v against_o our_o judgement_n but_o this_o rule_n be_v in_o the_o first_o place_n to_o be_v constant_o observe_v that_o though_o a_o act_n be_v real_o just_a yet_o if_o upon_o a_o serious_a examination_n we_o shall_v judge_v it_o to_o be_v unjust_a to_o we_o if_o we_o do_v it_o it_o be_v so_o and_o this_o be_v that_o which_o st_n paul_n intend_v when_o he_o say_v whatsoever_o be_v not_o of_o faith_n be_v sin_n in_o which_o place_n faith_n signify_v the_o firm_a persuasion_n or_o judgement_n of_o the_o mind_n concern_v a_o thing_n 14.23_o rom._n 14.23_o as_o may_v easy_o be_v collect_v from_o those_o other_o expression_n of_o st_n paul_n in_o the_o same_o chapter_n let_v every_o man_n be_v full_a y_o persuade_v in_o his_o own_o mind_n bâ—â—ssed_a be_v the_o man_n that_o condemn_v not_o himself_o in_o that_o which_o he_o allow_v peccatum_fw-la est_fw-la quoth_v aliter_fw-la fit_n quam_fw-la probatum_fw-la est_fw-la whatsoever_o any_o man_n do_v say_v st_n ambrose_n ambrose_n ambrose_n otherwise_o than_o what_o his_o own_o conscience_n approve_v be_v sin_n for_o that_o a_o thing_n be_v well_o do_v say_v plutarch_n timoleonte_n plut._n timoleonte_n it_o be_v requisite_a not_o onâ—y_o that_o what_o be_v do_v be_v just_a and_o honest_a but_o that_o there_o be_v a_o firm_a and_o constant_a persuasion_n of_o mind_n in_o he_o that_o do_v it_o that_o what_o be_v do_v be_v therefore_o do_v because_o his_o conscience_n tell_v he_o that_o it_o ought_v to_o be_v so_o do_v for_o god_n have_v endue_v the_o rational_a soul_n with_o a_o discern_a faculty_n to_o the_o end_n that_o it_o may_v guide_v we_o in_o all_o our_o action_n which_o be_v slight_v the_o mind_n immediate_o become_v sensual_a and_o brutish_a but_o yet_o it_o sometime_o fall_v out_o that_o the_o judgement_n waver_v and_o give_v but_o a_o dim_a and_o uncertain_a light_n which_o if_o upon_o a_o mature_a disquisition_n we_o can_v clear_v than_o we_o shall_v take_v the_o advice_n of_o cicero_n 1._o de_fw-fr off._n lib._n 1._o and_o forbear_v to_o act_v whilst_o we_o remain_v doubtful_a whether_o it_o be_v just_a or_o unjust_a the_o like_a advice_n pliny_n give_v wherein_o thou_o doubte_v forbear_v the_o hebrew_n doctor_n also_o give_v this_o caution_n beware_v and_o forbear_v in_o matter_n that_o be_v dubious_a but_o this_o be_v then_o only_o seasonable_a where_o we_o have_v a_o free_a choice_n either_o to_o do_v or_o not_o to_o do_v but_o not_o where_o we_o be_v oblige_v to_o do_v either_o this_o or_o that_o and_o yet_o be_v unsatisfied_a in_o either_o whether_o it_o be_v just_a or_o not_o for_o there_o we_o be_v to_o choose_v that_o which_o in_o our_o judgement_n seem_v to_o be_v less_o evil_a semper_fw-la enim_fw-la ubi_fw-la electio_fw-la evadi_fw-la non_fw-la potest_fw-la minus_fw-la malum_fw-la rationem_fw-la induit_fw-la boni_fw-la for_o always_o when_o the_o will_n be_v straighten_a between_o two_o
of_o the_o law_n do_v not_o observe_v it_o although_o haply_o that_o law_n be_v promulgate_v and_o time_n of_o itself_o sufficient_a allow_v for_o the_o knowledge_n thereof_o as_o also_o in_o such_o as_o go_v to_o law_n both_o party_n may_v be_v free_a not_o from_o injustice_n only_o baldus_n nemo_fw-la debet_fw-la jus_o suum_fw-la indiscussum_fw-la relinquere_fw-la tentanda_fw-la sunt_fw-la quaecunque_fw-la tantum_fw-la sunt_fw-la baldus_n but_o from_o any_o thing_n else_o that_o be_v unblamable_a especial_o when_o both_o or_o either_o of_o they_o contend_v not_o in_o the_o behalf_n of_o themselves_o but_o of_o other_o as_o a_o tutor_n for_o his_o pupil_n a_o guardian_n for_o his_o ward_n who_o right_a he_o be_v bind_v in_o duty_n to_o defend_v though_o that_o right_o be_v but_o uncertain_a so_o in_o a_o wager_n at_o law_n two_o person_n may_v contend_v for_o one_o and_o the_o same_o thing_n and_o yet_o neither_o of_o they_o be_v unjust_a so_o also_o a_o councillor_n may_v plead_v for_o either_o of_o they_o without_o the_o least_o derogation_n to_o his_o honesty_n herodian_a again_o when_o something_o that_o be_v very_o profitable_a stand_v in_o opposition_n to_o what_o be_v honest_a it_o be_v no_o easy_a matter_n to_o tell_v whether_o of_o they_o to_o follow_v when_o we_o first_o enter_v into_o war_n with_o niger_n say_v severus_n the_o emperor_n there_o be_v i_o confess_v no_o very_a plausible_a pretence_n for_o war_n but_o the_o empire_n lie_v at_o stake_n between_o we_o and_o both_o of_o we_o strive_v which_o shall_v appropriate_v it_o to_o himself_o herodian_a nay_o as_o aristotle_n well_o note_n to_o say_v of_o a_o judge_n that_o he_o judge_v right_a be_v but_o a_o ambiguous_a speech_n for_o it_o may_v signify_v either_o that_o he_o judge_v 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d plain_o as_o he_o ought_v without_o any_o ignorance_n or_o 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d according_a to_o the_o best_a of_o his_o knowledge_n or_o the_o clear_a evidence_n that_o be_v bring_v before_o he_o and_o therefore_o the_o sentence_n which_o must_v pass_v according_a to_o that_o evidence_n may_v be_v through_o misinformation_n unjust_a and_o yet_o the_o judge_n that_o pass_v that_o sentence_n may_v be_v righteous_a possit_fw-la righteous_a si_fw-mi dubium_fw-la sit_fw-la à _fw-la qua_fw-la parte_fw-la stet_fw-la justitia_fw-la hanc_fw-la si_fw-la utraque_fw-la pars_fw-la quaerit_fw-la injusta_fw-la esse_fw-la neutra_fw-la possit_fw-la if_o it_o be_v doubtful_a on_o what_o side_n the_o right_n stand_v if_o both_o party_n contend_v for_o it_o it_o be_v probable_a that_o neither_o do_v unjust_o the_o jew_n make_v war_n against_o the_o canaanite_n just_o be_v so_o command_v by_o god_n and_o the_o canaanite_n be_v ignorant_a of_o that_o charge_n give_v against_o they_o do_v just_o in_o defend_v themselves_o wherefore_o that_o war_n be_v on_o both_o side_n just_a thus_o pope_n pius_n the_o second_o answer_v the_o hungarian_a ambassador_n that_o complain_v against_o the_o emperor_n namely_o he_o think_v that_o the_o king_n of_o hungary_n do_v intend_v nothing_o dishonest_o and_o he_o know_v that_o the_o emperor_n be_v a_o great_a lover_n of_o justice_n but_o both_o contend_v for_o the_o kingdom_n probable_a it_o be_v that_o neither_o of_o they_o think_v his_o cause_n unjust_a sententia_fw-la in_o disceptationibus_fw-la fori_fw-la par_fw-fr est_fw-la litigantis_fw-la utriusque_fw-la jus_o donec_fw-la lata_fw-la est_fw-la pro_fw-la altero_fw-la eorum_fw-la sententia_fw-la in_o all_o controversy_n this_o be_v find_v true_a but_o especial_o in_o war_n that_o both_o party_n pretend_v to_o maintain_v a_o cause_n that_o be_v just_a but_o in_o war_n it_o be_v hardly_o possible_a that_o either_o party_n shall_v be_v in_o that_o sense_n just_a that_o be_v free_a from_o all_o blame_n by_o reason_n of_o that_o great_a defect_n of_o love_n and_o that_o overmuch_a rashness_n that_o for_o the_o most_o part_n inseparable_o accompany_v it_o beside_o the_o weightiness_n of_o the_o business_n itself_o which_o be_v such_o as_o be_v not_o satisfy_v with_o probability_n strict_o require_v such_o proof_n as_o be_v demonstrative_a and_o convince_a but_o if_o we_o account_v that_o to_o be_v just_a which_o be_v permit_v to_o enjoy_v some_o effect_n of_o right_a it_o be_v most_o certain_a just_a according_a to_o the_o effect_n of_o right_a war_n may_v be_v on_o both_o side_n just_a that_o war_n in_o this_o sense_n may_v be_v on_o both_o side_n just_a as_o will_v appear_v anon_o when_o we_o come_v to_o treat_v of_o a_o public_a solemn_a war_n for_o so_o both_o a_o sentence_n though_o not_o right_o pass_v and_o a_o possession_n not_o right_o gain_v have_v both_o of_o they_o some_o effect_n of_o that_o which_o be_v right_a chap._n xxiv_o war_n though_o just_o not_o to_o be_v undertake_v rash_o i._o it_o it_o better_a sometime_o to_o remit_v our_o own_o right_n than_o to_o engage_v in_o a_o doubtful_a war._n ii_o but_o especial_o when_o undertake_v to_o exact_a punishment_n iii_o and_o chief_o by_o a_o king_n that_o be_v injure_v iu._n and_o that_o sometime_o for_o his_o own_o and_o his_o subject_n safety_n v._o certain_a rule_n guide_v we_o to_o a_o prudent_a choice_n of_o thing_n apparent_o good_a vi_o a_o example_n whereby_o we_o may_v be_v guide_v in_o our_o endeavour_n after_o liberty_n or_o peace_n whereby_o the_o misery_n of_o war_n may_v be_v prevent_v vii_o punishment_n not_o to_o be_v exact_v by_o war_n unless_o by_o the_o most_o potent_a party_n viii_o war_n not_o to_o be_v undertake_v unless_o compel_v by_o necessity_n ix_o or_o when_o we_o have_v some_o very_a great_a cause_n together_o with_o some_o notable_a advantage_n x._o the_o misery_n of_o war_n lively_o describe_v i._o better_a sometime_o to_o forego_v our_o right_n than_o to_o make_v war_n for_o it_o though_o it_o be_v not_o proper_o pertinent_a to_o our_o purpose_n in_o treat_v only_o of_o the_o right_n of_o war_n to_o show_v how_o far_o other_o virtue_n do_v either_o enjoin_v or_o persuade_v thereunto_o yet_o will_v it_o not_o be_v altogether_o impertinent_a for_o prevent_v of_o mistake_n to_o give_v some_o caution_n about_o it_o lest_o any_o man_n shall_v think_v that_o whensoever_o he_o have_v a_o just_a cause_n offer_v he_o he_o be_v bind_v to_o make_v war_n or_o at_o least_o that_o it_o be_v at_o all_o time_n lawful_a for_o he_o so_o to_o do_v whereas_o on_o the_o contrary_a it_o be_v for_o the_o most_o part_n much_o more_o pious_a to_o remit_v somewhat_o of_o our_o right_n than_o to_o endeavour_v to_o defend_v it_o by_o a_o dangerous_a war._n we_o christian_n be_v especial_o teach_v to_o expose_v our_o own_o life_n to_o the_o great_a peril_n that_o can_v be_v to_o preserve_v the_o life_n and_o as_o much_o as_o in_o we_o lie_v to_o procure_v the_o everlasting_a welfare_n of_o other_o in_o imitation_n of_o our_o great_a lord_n and_o master_n who_o lay_v down_o his_o own_o life_n to_o save_v we_o even_o then_o when_o we_o be_v stranger_n nay_o enemy_n unto_o he_o rom._n 5.6_o how_o much_o more_o reason_n have_v we_o to_o forbear_v the_o prosecution_n of_o our_o just_a right_n when_o they_o can_v be_v obtain_v without_o the_o effusion_n of_o so_o much_o christian_a blood_n and_o the_o destruction_n of_o so_o many_o man_n life_n and_o estate_n 3._o pol._n lib._n 4._o rhet._n ad_fw-la alex._n c._n 3._o beside_o other_o mischief_n which_o war_n usual_o bring_v with_o it_o this_o we_o be_v forewarn_v of_o by_o aristotle_n and_o also_o by_o polybius_n not_o for_o every_o such_o cause_n to_o run_v the_o hazard_n of_o a_o war._n for_o the_o necessary_a defence_n of_o our_o liberty_n our_o wife_n and_o child_n we_o may_v lawful_o make_v war_n say_v gallio_n in_o seneca_n but_o not_o for_o such_o thing_n as_o be_v either_o superfluous_a or_o be_v lose_v 23._o suasoria_fw-la 5._o philostratus_n lib._n 23._o do_v not_o much_o damnify_v we_o this_o and_o somewhat_o more_o do_v apollonius_n say_v to_o the_o king_n of_o babylon_n we_o be_v not_o to_o contend_v with_o the_o roman_n for_o a_o few_o small_a village_n which_o many_o of_o our_o ancestor_n be_v but_o private_a man_n do_v enjoy_v they_o must_v be_v great_a matter_n indeed_o that_o shall_v so_o far_o provoke_v we_o suis_fw-la adu._n apion_n de_fw-fr popul_n suis_fw-la as_o to_o undertake_v a_o war_n especial_o with_o such_o potent_a enemy_n the_o like_a josephus_n testify_v of_o his_o country_n man_n it_o be_v not_o our_o custom_n to_o muster_v up_o our_o force_n or_o to_o make_v war_n to_o enlarge_v our_o dominion_n but_o for_o the_o defence_n of_o our_o law_n all_o other_o loss_n we_o can_v bear_v with_o patience_n but_o be_v debar_v the_o use_n of_o our_o religion_n we_o undertake_v war_n beyond_o our_o strength_n and_o prosecute_v they_o to_o the_o utmost_a of_o danger_n it_o be_v prudent_o advise_v by_o dion_n prusaeensis_n in_o his_o oration_n concern_v war_n and_o peace_n we_o be_v
as_o aristotle_n right_o observe_v the_o argument_n that_o excite_v we_o to_o action_n be_v of_o two_o sort_n animalium_fw-la de_fw-fr motione_fw-la animalium_fw-la either_o they_o be_v draw_v from_o the_o goodness_n of_o the_o end_n or_o from_o the_o possibility_n of_o obtain_v it_o which_o comparison_n have_v these_o three_o rule_n whereby_o we_o may_v be_v guide_v first_o good_n three_o rule_n to_o guide_v we_o in_o the_o choice_n of_o good_n if_o the_o thing_n in_o debate_n seem_v to_o have_v in_o a_o moral_a esteem_n a_o equal_a efficacy_n to_o good_a and_o to_o evil_a then_o if_o the_o good_a we_o hope_v for_o have_v somewhat_o more_o of_o good_a than_o the_o evil_n we_o fear_v have_v of_o evil_a we_o may_v adventure_v upon_o the_o action_n but_o if_o the_o conveniency_n be_v not_o able_a to_o overbalance_n the_o inconvenience_n it_o be_v better_a to_o refrain_v for_o a_o wise_a man_n though_o never_o so_o dare_v and_o magnanimous_a will_v not_o run_v the_o hazard_n of_o his_o life_n for_o every_o cause_n but_o then_o only_o when_o the_o reward_n be_v great_a weighty_a and_o honourable_a the_o second_o rule_n be_v this_o if_o the_o good_a and_o evil_n seem_v to_o be_v equal_a which_o may_v proceed_v from_o the_o thing_n in_o question_n than_o we_o may_v thus_o guide_v our_o choice_n if_o the_o thing_n itself_o have_v a_o great_a efficacy_n to_o produce_v the_o good_a than_o it_o have_v to_o produce_v the_o evil_a than_o we_o may_v choose_v it_o three_o if_o both_o the_o good_a and_o evil_a seem_v unequal_a and_o the_o power_n or_o efficacy_n of_o the_o thing_n no_o less_o unequal_a then_o that_o thing_n be_v at_o length_n to_o be_v choose_v if_o its_o efficacy_n to_o the_o good_a be_v great_a be_v compare_v with_o its_o efficacy_n unto_o the_o evil_a than_o the_o evil_n itself_o be_v be_v compare_v with_o the_o good_a or_o if_o the_o good_a itself_o compare_v with_o the_o evil_n be_v great_a than_o its_o efficacy_n unto_o evil_a be_v compare_v with_o the_o good_n thus_o narses_n to_o belisarius_n where_o the_o danger_n appear_v to_o be_v equal_a and_o the_o damage_n alike_o if_o we_o err_v 13._o procopius_n goth._n lib._n 2._o cap._n 13._o there_o much_o discourse_n and_o consultation_n be_v necessary_a before_o we_o determine_v the_o matter_n in_o question_n but_o where_o the_o difficulty_n be_v unequal_a and_o the_o damage_n upon_o mistake_n great_a or_o less_o than_o the_o hope_n of_o gain_n there_o the_o choice_n be_v very_o easy_a and_o require_v no_o great_a depth_n of_o judgement_n to_o determine_v what_o we_o have_v set_v down_o here_o somewhat_o more_o accurate_o cicero_n have_v in_o a_o plain_a way_n 1._o de_fw-fr offic._n lib._n 1._o but_o to_o the_o same_o purpose_n describe_v where_o he_o advise_v we_o not_o to_o expose_v ourselves_o to_o danger_n without_o cause_n than_o which_o nothing_o can_v argue_v a_o more_o fool-hardiness_n wherefore_o in_o perilous_a case_n we_o shall_v imitate_v physician_n who_o in_o light_a distemper_n use_v gentle_a remedy_n but_o when_o the_o disease_n threaten_v death_n than_o those_o that_o be_v more_o doubtful_a and_o dangerous_a therefore_o it_o be_v the_o office_n of_o a_o wise_a man_n to_o help_v in_o a_o time_n of_o danger_n especial_o when_o he_o rational_o conceive_v that_o the_o good_a he_o shall_v reap_v by_o it_o if_o it_o succeed_v do_v overbalance_n the_o damage_n that_o he_o fear_v if_o it_o miscarry_v but_o as_o the_o same_o cicero_n elsewhere_o say_v no_o prudent_a man_n will_v endanger_v himself_o in_o such_o a_o enterprise_n wherein_o the_o good_a success_n shall_v bring_v he_o little_a profit_n but_o where_o the_o least_o miscarriage_n may_v prove_v fatal_a for_o as_o dion_n prusaeensis_n say_v grant_v that_o our_o grievance_n be_v unjust_a and_o unworthy_a to_o be_v bear_v yet_o will_v it_o not_o follow_v that_o whensoever_o we_o suffer_v any_o thing_n unjust_o we_o ought_v by_o strive_v against_o it_o to_o make_v our_o condition_n worse_o to_o make_v use_n of_o iron_n and_o steel_n when_o more_o gentle_a remedy_n may_v prevail_v plutarch_n plutarch_n or_o where_o the_o case_n be_v not_o extreme_o dangerous_a become_v neither_o a_o skilful_a physician_n nor_o a_o politic_a statesman_n dion_n prusaeensis_n when_o our_o burden_n be_v beyond_o our_o strength_n our_o endeavour_n to_o ease_v ourselves_o of_o they_o be_v just_a and_o honest_a because_o necessary_a but_o if_o they_o be_v tolerable_a and_o that_o we_o have_v cause_n to_o fear_v that_o by_o struggle_v they_o may_v be_v make_v worse_o we_o must_v arm_v ourselves_o with_o patience_n for_o as_o aristides_n aristides_n aristides_n say_v well_o where_o our_o fear_n be_v above_o our_o hope_n than_o it_o concern_v we_o especial_o to_o beware_v vi_o life_n better_o than_o liberty_n a_o example_n whereof_o we_o will_v borrow_v out_o of_o tacitus_n who_o relate_v that_o among_o the_o city_n of_o france_n there_o arise_v a_o great_a debate_n whether_o be_v more_o desiderable_a peace_n or_o liberty_n where_o by_o liberty_n we_o must_v understand_v that_o which_o be_v civil_a namely_o a_o right_a to_o govern_v by_o their_o own_o law_n which_o in_o a_o popular_a estate_n be_v absolute_a and_o full_a but_o mix_v and_o moderate_a in_o a_o aristocracy_n especial_o in_o such_o a_o estate_n wherein_o no_o citizen_n be_v uncapable_a of_o honour_n and_o by_o peace_n we_o mean_v such_o a_o peace_n whereby_o the_o destruction_n of_o a_o city_n or_o nation_n by_o a_o cruel_a war_n may_v be_v prevent_v that_o be_v as_o cicero_n explain_v it_o when_o the_o whole_a city_n be_v in_o danger_n of_o be_v lose_v or_o when_o the_o case_n of_o a_o nation_n or_o city_n be_v so_o desperate_a that_o nothing_o but_o a_o utter_a desolation_n can_v otherwise_o with_o any_o probable_a reason_n be_v expect_v which_o be_v the_o very_a case_n of_o the_o jew_n be_v besiege_v by_o titus_n no_o man_n can_v be_v ignorant_a of_o plato_n opinion_n in_o such_o a_o case_n who_o prefer_v death_n before_o subjection_n thereby_o show_v quam_fw-la sit_fw-la non_fw-la ardua_fw-la virtus_fw-la servitium_n fugisse_fw-la manu_fw-la with_o what_o ease_n a_o man_n from_o slavery_n may_v himself_o release_v but_o right_a reason_n suggest_v the_o contrary_a for_o the_o life_n of_o man_n which_o be_v the_o foundation_n of_o all_o temporal_a blessing_n and_o the_o occasion_n of_o eternal_a be_v more_o to_o be_v esteem_v than_o liberty_n whether_o we_o take_v both_o to_o be_v either_o personal_a or_o national_a and_o therefore_o god_n himself_o intend_v it_o as_o a_o act_n of_o his_o mercy_n 27.13_o 2_o chron._n 12.78_o jer._n 27.13_o that_o he_o deliver_v his_o people_n into_o captivity_n but_o destroy_v they_o not_o and_o by_o the_o prophet_n jeremy_n he_o persuade_v they_o to_o yield_v themselves_o into_o the_o hand_n of_o the_o king_n of_o babylon_n lest_o they_o die_v by_o the_o famine_n or_o by_o the_o pestilence_n it_o be_v a_o question_n not_o easy_o answer_v say_v st._n aug._n whether_o the_o saguntines_n do_v well_o to_o preserve_v their_o faith_n give_v to_o the_o roman_n 6._o de_fw-fr civet_fw-la dei_fw-la lib._n 22._o c._n 6._o so_o long_o until_o the_o city_n with_o themselves_o be_v total_o destroy_v by_o hannibal_n 3._o de_fw-fr repub_fw-la lib._n 3._o for_o though_o cicero_n think_v nothing_o sufficient_a to_o justify_v a_o war_n but_o either_o the_o public_a safety_n or_o the_o public_a faith_n give_v yet_o do_v he_o not_o there_o determine_v the_o case_n of_o the_o saguntines_n by_o show_v that_o if_o a_o city_n be_v drive_v into_o such_o a_o strait_a that_o they_o can_v not_o possible_o preserve_v their_o faith_n without_o the_o ruin_n of_o themselves_o nor_o preserve_v themselves_o without_o the_o breach_n of_o their_o faith_n which_o be_v the_o case_n of_o the_o saguntines_n whether_o of_o the_o two_o be_v most_o eligible_a but_o by_o the_o authority_n of_o the_o holy_a scripture_n we_o be_v teach_v that_o death_n be_v the_o great_a of_o all_o terror_n and_o that_o captivity_n whether_o of_o a_o nation_n or_o of_o some_o particular_a person_n be_v far_o more_o desiderable_a than_o utter_a destruction_n thus_o guido_n the_o italian_a poet_n bespeak_v the_o citizen_n of_o milan_n omnia_fw-la securi_fw-la pro_fw-la libertate_fw-la feremus_fw-la sed_fw-la libertatem_fw-la co_fw-la tempta_fw-la nemo_fw-la salute_v sanus_fw-la amat_fw-la neque_fw-la enim_fw-la certae_fw-la susceptio_fw-la cladis_fw-la quam_fw-la vitare_fw-la queo_fw-la nisi_fw-la cum_fw-la ratione_fw-la salutis_fw-la libertatis_fw-la amor_fw-la sed_fw-la gloria_fw-la vana_fw-la putanda_fw-la est_fw-la it_o be_v not_o so_o proper_o a_o love_n to_o liberty_n as_o a_o preposterous_a itch_n after_o vain_a glory_n that_o make_v a_o man_n to_o prefer_v his_o freedom_n before_o his_o life_n cicero_n instance_n this_o as_o a_o case_n of_o necessity_n that_o the_o cisilinenses_n be_v necessary_o to_o give_v themselves_o up_o to_o hannibal_n although_o this_o clause_n be_v add_v to_o that_o
say_v servum_fw-la nihil_fw-la deliquisse_fw-la qui_fw-la domino_fw-la jubenti_fw-la obtemperavit_fw-la the_o servant_n be_v not_o to_o blame_v whilst_o he_o do_v but_o what_o his_o lord_n command_v he_o so_o in_o another_o place_n velle_fw-la non_fw-la creditur_fw-la qui_fw-la obsequitur_fw-la imperio_fw-la patris_fw-la vel_fw-la domini_fw-la it_o be_v not_o believe_v to_o be_v his_o own_o act_n if_o he_o do_v it_o in_o obedience_n either_o to_o his_o father_n or_o master_n mithridates_n free_o dismiss_v the_o servant_n of_o attilius_n without_o any_o punishment_n at_o all_o though_o they_o be_v find_v guilty_a of_o the_o murder_n intend_v upon_o he_o neither_o will_v he_o punish_v the_o child_n of_o those_o that_o have_v rebel_v against_o he_o because_o they_o be_v compel_v to_o rebellion_n by_o the_o command_v of_o other_o themisthius_n in_o his_o nine_o oration_n observe_v and_o that_o true_o that_o prince_n have_v always_o the_o resemblance_n of_o reason_n as_o soldier_n the_o like_a of_o anger_n the_o like_a be_v observe_v by_o tacitus_n god_n have_v allot_v unto_o prince_n the_o faculty_n of_o judgement_n but_o unto_o subject_n he_o have_v leave_v only_o the_o glory_n of_o obedience_n and_o as_o the_o same_o tacitus_n relate_v 3._o annal._n l._n 3._o the_o son_n of_o piso_n be_v by_o tiberius_n acquit_v of_o the_o crime_n of_o sedition_n because_o what_o he_o do_v be_v by_o his_o father_n command_n who_o he_o dare_v not_o disobey_v servus_n herilis_fw-la imperii_fw-la non_fw-la censor_n est_fw-la sed_fw-la minister_n 74._o de_fw-fr controu._n l._n 3._o c._n 9_o cont._n faustum_n lib._n 22._o c._n 74._o the_o servant_n be_v not_o to_o sit_v as_o judge_n of_o his_o master_n command_n to_o dispute_v they_o but_o to_o obey_v they_o but_o in_o this_o case_n of_o war_n let_v we_o hear_v what_o st_n augustine_n say_v if_o a_o good_a man_n shall_v happen_v to_o war_n under_o a_o king_n though_o sacrilegious_a he_o may_v be_v command_v fight_v with_o a_o good_a conscience_n if_o observe_v the_o order_n of_o his_o country_n peace_n he_o be_v either_o assure_v that_o what_o he_o be_v command_v be_v not_o repugnant_a to_o the_o law_n of_o god_n or_o doubtful_a whether_o it_o be_v or_o not_o so_o that_o haply_o as_o the_o iniquity_n of_o the_o command_n may_v render_v the_o king_n guilty_a so_o the_o necessity_n of_o obey_v those_o command_n for_o order_n sake_n may_v likewise_o render_v the_o soldier_n innocent_a and_o again_o 26._o de_fw-fr civit._fw-la dei_fw-la lib._n 1._o c._n 26._o if_o a_o soldier_n under_o lawful_a command_n shall_v in_o obedience_n thereunto_o kill_v a_o man_n by_o the_o law_n of_o his_o city_n he_o be_v free_a from_o murder_n nay_o unless_o he_o do_v it_o he_o shall_v be_v hold_v as_o a_o traitor_n to_o his_o own_o country_n but_o if_o he_o shall_v do_v it_o of_o his_o own_o accord_n or_o without_o command_n he_o shall_v be_v guilty_a of_o murder_n that_o very_a law_n that_o will_v punish_v he_o if_o he_o do_v it_o without_o command_n will_v likewise_o punish_v he_o if_o he_o do_v it_o not_o be_v command_v and_o from_o hence_o arise_v that_o so_o general_o receive_v opinion_n i_o mean_v as_o to_o subject_n that_o a_o war_n may_v be_v just_a on_o both_o side_n that_o be_v in_o respect_n of_o they_o it_o may_v be_v on_o both_o side_n void_a of_o injustice_n whereunto_o the_o poet_n have_v respect_n when_o he_o say_v quis_fw-la justius_fw-la induat_fw-la arma_fw-la scire_fw-la nefas_fw-la who_o have_v the_o just_a cause_n it_o be_v hard_a to_o know_v yet_o be_v not_o this_o opinion_n so_o general_o receive_v but_o that_o it_o meet_v with_o some_o difficulty_n for_o pope_n adrian_n defend_v the_o contrary_a which_o may_v be_v confirm_v not_o by_o that_o argument_n precise_o which_o he_o urge_v but_o by_o this_o which_o seem_v to_o be_v more_o forcible_a namely_o that_o he_o that_o doubt_v contemplative_o ought_v in_o his_o active_a judgement_n to_o choose_v the_o safe_a part_n which_o be_v to_o abstain_v from_o war._n the_o esseni_n esseni_n the_o esseni_n be_v high_o commend_v for_o that_o among_o other_o thing_n they_o bind_v themselves_o by_o oath_n to_o hurt_v no_o man_n though_o they_o be_v command_v in_o imitation_n of_o who_o the_o pythagorean_n do_v whole_o abstain_v from_o war_n as_o be_v the_o ringleader_n to_o destruction_n command_v murder_n as_o by_o a_o law_n neither_o will_v it_o much_o avail_n to_o say_v for_o the_o other_o opinion_n that_o it_o be_v dangerous_a to_o disobey_v for_o whilst_o both_o be_v uncertain_a for_o if_o the_o war_n be_v unjust_a it_o be_v no_o act_n of_o disobedience_n to_o avoid_v it_o he_o be_v not_o to_o be_v blame_v that_o choose_v the_o safe_a but_o our_o disobedience_n in_o such_o thing_n have_v in_o its_o own_o nature_n less_o of_o evil_n than_o murder_n especial_o of_o so_o many_o innocent_n it_o be_v story_v by_o the_o ancient_n that_o when_o mercury_n be_v accuse_v for_o kill_v of_o argus_n excuse_v himself_o for_o that_o he_o do_v it_o at_o the_o command_n of_o jupiter_n the_o rest_n of_o the_o god_n notwithstanding_o dare_v not_o acquit_v he_o no_o more_o do_v martial_a pothinus_n a_o officer_n of_o mark_n antony_n when_o he_o say_v antoni_fw-la tamen_fw-la est_fw-la pejor_fw-la quam_fw-la causa_fw-la pothini_fw-la hic_fw-la facinus_fw-la domino_fw-la praestitit_fw-la ille_fw-la sibi_fw-la worse_o than_o pothinus_n be_v case_n be_v antony_n be_v this_o for_o himself_o that_o for_o his_o lord_n do_v die_v nor_o will_v that_o be_v of_o much_o great_a moment_n which_o some_o man_n urge_v to_o the_o contrary_a namely_o that_o in_o case_n we_o admit_v that_o every_o private_a person_n may_v have_v liberty_n to_o judge_v of_o the_o justness_n of_o the_o war_n and_o according_o either_o yield_a or_o deny_v their_o obedience_n the_o commonwealth_n will_v soon_o be_v destroy_v because_o for_o the_o most_o part_n it_o can_v be_v expedient_a for_o the_o state_n that_o the_o reason_n of_o their_o counsel_n shall_v be_v communicate_v to_o the_o vulgar_a for_o although_o this_o may_v be_v true_a where_o the_o cause_n of_o the_o war_n be_v suasory_n only_o yet_o not_o where_o the_o war_n be_v justifiable_a for_o there_o the_o cause_n thereof_o shall_v be_v publish_v unto_o all_o that_o every_o man_n may_v judge_v of_o they_o and_o be_v satisfy_v in_o they_o what_o tertullian_n sometime_o say_v perhaps_o too_o confuse_o ☞_o ☞_o of_o law_n in_o general_a may_v very_o apposite_o be_v say_v of_o these_o of_o war_n no_o subject_n so_o faithful_o observe_v a_o law_n as_o he_o that_o know_v the_o reason_n of_o that_o law_n for_o every_o law_n ought_v to_o give_v testimony_n of_o its_o own_o integrity_n to_o those_o from_o who_o it_o require_v obedience_n on_o the_o contrary_a suspecta_fw-la lex_fw-la est_fw-la quae_fw-la probari_fw-la se_fw-la non_fw-la vult_fw-la improba_fw-la si_fw-la non_fw-la probata_fw-la dominetur_fw-la that_o law_n that_o will_v not_o endure_v the_o trial_n be_v hold_v suspect_v as_o that_o which_o be_v disapprove_v yet_o exact_v obedience_n be_v hold_v as_o wicked_a thus_o when_o ulysses_n endeavour_v to_o persuade_v achilles_n to_o join_v with_o the_o grecian_a prince_n in_o a_o war_n against_o the_o trojan_n achilles_n urge_v they_o to_o declare_v the_o cause_n papin_n papin_n what_o cause_n greece_n have_v so_o great_a a_o war_n to_o wage_v declare_v whereby_o thou_o may_v increase_v our_o rage_n and_o hence_o it_o be_v that_o theseus_n in_o the_o same_o poet_n thus_o encourage_v his_o soldier_n go_v and_o fight_v bold_o in_o a_o cause_n so_o just_a for_o as_o propertius_n well_o observe_v the_o justice_n of_o the_o cause_n can_v but_o heighten_v the_o spirit_n and_o inflame_v the_o indignation_n of_o a_o soldier_n who_o courage_n droop_v so_o that_o he_o grow_v ashamed_a of_o his_o arm_n when_o his_o cause_n be_v nought_o herod_n in_o his_o oration_n to_o the_o jew_n after_o the_o slaughter_n in_o arabia_n thus_o bespeak_v they_o josephus_n josephus_n i_o be_o willing_a to_o show_v you_o how_o just_o i_o have_v undertake_v this_o war_n be_v provoke_v thereunto_o by_o the_o reproach_n of_o our_o enemy_n which_o be_v know_v unto_o you_o must_v needs_o heighten_v your_o courage_n to_o a_o revenge_n it_o be_v very_o often_o verify_v what_o the_o panegyrist_n observe_v so_o prevalent_a even_o among_o army_n be_v a_o good_a conscience_n that_o the_o victory_n seem_v proper_o to_o belong_v not_o to_o the_o number_n or_o valour_n of_o the_o man_n but_o to_o the_o justness_n and_o equity_n of_o the_o cause_n and_o so_o some_o learned_a man_n have_v interpret_v that_o of_o gen._n 14.14_o as_o if_o abraham_n have_v before_o the_o fight_v instruct_v his_o servant_n full_o in_o the_o justice_n of_o his_o quarrel_n and_o certain_o the_o denunciation_n of_o war_n ought_v to_o be_v public_a and_o the_o cause_n express_v that_o the_o whole_a race_n of_o mankind_n may_v judge_v of_o the_o equity_n
hollander_n than_o have_v with_o the_o spaniard_n the_o like_a have_v always_o be_v permit_v by_o the_o french_a to_o any_o nation_n that_o be_v at_o peace_n with_o they_o and_o that_o so_o free_o that_o oftentimes_o the_o enemy_n have_v in_o other_o man_n name_n transport_v their_o good_n without_o damage_n as_o appear_v by_o a_o edict_n make_v 1543._o chapter_n the_o 42._o and_o by_o another_o make_v 1584._o wherein_o it_o be_v provide_v that_o their_o friend_n may_v free_o traffic_v whither_o they_o please_v so_o as_o it_o be_v with_o their_o own_o ship_n man_n and_o good_n and_o that_o those_o good_n be_v not_o belli_n instrumenta_fw-la arm_n nor_o ammunition_n for_o war_n whereby_o their_o enemy_n may_v be_v make_v strong_a but_o in_o case_n they_o do_v so_o than_o it_o may_v be_v lawful_a to_o seize_v they_o to_o their_o own_o use_n pay_v a_o valuable_a price_n for_o they_o wherein_o two_o thing_n be_v observable_a first_o that_o by_o these_o law_n ammunition_n for_o war_n be_v not_o hold_v as_o lawful_a prize_n much_o less_o be_v other_o innocent_a merchandize_n obnoxious_a to_o this_o danger_n i_o can_v deny_v but_o that_o these_o northern_a nation_n have_v sometime_o usurp_v another_o right_n but_o not_o constant_o be_v urge_v thereunto_o rather_o by_o present_a necessity_n then_o by_o a_o perpetual_a equity_n the_o english_a upon_o pretence_n of_o their_o war_n will_v not_o permit_v the_o dane_n freedom_n of_o traffic_n whence_o arise_v that_o war_n between_o those_o two_o nation_n whereby_o the_o english_a be_v compel_v to_o pay_v a_o tribute_n to_o the_o dane_n which_o be_v call_v the_o dane_n penny_n which_o though_o the_o cause_n be_v change_v yet_o the_o name_n of_o it_o continue_v till_o the_o reign_n of_o william_n the_o conqueror_n as_o thuanus_n record_v it_o in_o the_o year_n 1589._o again_o we_o find_v it_o record_v as_o well_o by_o rhâ—danus_n in_o his_o history_n of_o holland_n in_o the_o year_n 1575._o oâ—_n by_o master_n cambden_n in_o his_o history_n of_o queen_n elizabeth_n in_o the_o year_n follow_v that_o that_o most_o wise_a queen_n send_v her_o ambassador_n sr_n william_n winter_n and_o secretary_n beale_n to_o remonstrate_v that_o the_o english_a can_v not_o endure_v that_o the_o hollander_n in_o the_o heat_n of_o their_o war_n then_o with_o spain_n shall_v detain_v their_o ship_n trade_v in_o the_o spanish_a port_n and_o when_o the_o english_a and_o the_o hollander_n be_v both_o at_o war_n with_o spain_n do_v disturb_v the_o city_n of_o germany_n in_o their_o traffic_n with_o the_o spaniard_n with_o what_o a_o disputable_a right_n they_o do_v it_o appear_v by_o the_o eager_a dissertation_n of_o both_o nation_n which_o be_v worthy_a our_o perusal_n for_o the_o decide_n of_o this_o controversy_n and_o it_o be_v observable_a that_o the_o english_a themselves_o do_v in_o their_o writing_n acknowledge_v no_o less_o whereas_o they_o principal_o insist_v upon_o these_o two_o argument_n to_o defend_v their_o cause_n namely_o that_o the_o german_n do_v furnish_v the_o spaniard_n with_o instrument_n of_o war_n and_o second_o that_o it_o have_v be_v mutual_o agree_v in_o ancient_a treaty_n between_o both_o nation_n that_o it_o shall_v not_o be_v lawful_a for_o they_o so_o to_o do_v the_o like_a agreement_n we_o find_v afterward_o make_v between_o the_o hollander_n and_o their_o associate_n and_o the_o lubecker_n and_o they_o in_o the_o year_n 1593._o that_o neither_o the_o one_o nor_o the_o other_o shall_v permit_v the_o subject_n of_o their_o enemy_n to_o traffic_v within_o their_o dominion_n or_o shall_v aid_v they_o with_o either_o man_n money_n ship_n or_o victual_n and_o afterward_o namely_o in_o the_o year_n 1617._o it_o be_v agree_v between_o the_o king_n of_o denmark_n and_o sweden_n that_o the_o dane_n shall_v obstruct_v all_o manner_n of_o traffic_n with_o the_o city_n of_o dantzick_n be_v then_o at_o enmity_n with_o the_o swede_n and_o not_o only_o so_o but_o that_o they_o shall_v not_o suffer_v any_o merchandize_n to_o pass_v through_o the_o sound_n or_o the_o baltic_a sea_n to_o any_o of_o the_o swede_n enemy_n for_o which_o the_o king_n of_o denmark_n be_v to_o receive_v other_o privilege_n and_o advantage_n from_o the_o king_n of_o sweden_n but_o these_o be_v particular_a contract_n from_o whence_o no_o general_a rule_n can_v be_v infer_v neither_o do_v the_o city_n of_o germany_n only_o blame_v the_o english_a for_o deny_v they_o freedom_n of_o traffic_n with_o their_o enemy_n but_o the_o polander_n also_o complain_v against_o they_o in_o the_o year_n 1597_o as_o cambden_n relate_v that_o the_o law_n of_o nation_n waâ—_n violate_v because_o they_o be_v molest_v in_o their_o commerce_n with_o spain_n because_o at_o that_o time_n the_o spaniard_n have_v war_n with_o england_n but_o the_o french_a have_v make_v peace_n with_o spain_n be_v solicit_v by_o queen_n elizabeth_n who_o be_v still_o at_o enmity_n with_o the_o spaniard_n that_o it_o may_v be_v lawful_a for_o the_o english_a to_o search_v their_o ship_n for_o arm_n and_o ammunition_n will_v not_o admit_v so_o much_o as_o this_o allege_v that_o it_o be_v but_o a_o pretence_n for_o rapine_n and_o to_o disturb_v traffic_n so_o in_o the_o league_n that_o the_o english_a make_v with_o the_o hollander_n and_o their_o associate_n it_o be_v agree_v that_o other_o nation_n who_o it_o concern_v to_o give_v check_n to_o the_o swell_a power_n of_o the_o spanish_a monarchy_n shall_v be_v solicit_v to_o forbiâ—_n all_o commerce_n with_o spain_n which_o if_o they_o do_v not_o voluntary_o then_o that_o they_o will_v permit_v their_o ship_n to_o be_v search_v that_o no_o arm_n or_o instrument_n for_o war_n may_v be_v thither_o import_v but_o beyond_o this_o neither_o be_v the_o good_n or_o ship_n detain_v nor_o any_o hurt_n do_v under_o that_o pretence_n to_o such_o as_o traffic_v peaceable_o nay_o when_o in_o the_o same_o year_n several_a hamburger_n be_v take_v lade_v most_o with_o instrument_n of_o war_n those_o only_o be_v challenge_v by_o the_o english_a as_o prize_n but_o for_o the_o rest_n of_o the_o commodity_n they_o pay_v the_o just_a value_n but_o the_o french_a when_o their_o ship_n be_v seize_v and_o confiscate_v by_o the_o english_a because_o bind_v for_o spain_n do_v declare_v unto_o queen_n elizabeth_n that_o they_o will_v not_o suffer_v it_o it_o be_v fit_a therefore_o as_o i_o have_v say_v that_o there_o shall_v be_v remonstrance_n and_o public_a declaration_n forbid_v traffic_n with_o our_o enemy_n before_o we_o seize_v their_o good_n as_o prize_n so_o queen_n elizabeth_n in_o favour_n to_o the_o king_n of_o france_n against_o the_o spaniard_n and_o those_o of_o the_o holy_a league_n 1598._o see_v a_o example_n of_o a_o declaration_n make_v by_o the_o english_a in_o cambden_n about_o the_o year_n 1591._o and_o 1598._o send_v out_o her_o proclamation_n command_v that_o no_o man_n shall_v carry_v victual_n or_o provision_n for_o war_n out_o of_o â—ngland_n into_o any_o of_o the_o port_n of_o france_n possess_v by_o the_o leaguer_n or_o traffic_v with_o they_o uâ—on_a pain_n of_o high_a treason_n and_o afterward_o the_o war_n wax_v hot_a it_o be_v public_o command_v upon_o the_o like_a pain_n that_o no_o man_n shall_v carry_v corn_n munition_n or_o provision_n for_o ship_n into_o spain_n because_o he_o profess_v himself_o a_o enemy_n to_o england_n and_o refuse_v to_o confirm_v the_o ancient_a league_n betwixt_o their_o predecessor_n neither_o be_v it_o necessary_a that_o any_o nation_n shall_v be_v restrain_v from_o their_o freedom_n of_o traffic_n by_o such_o declaration_n but_o it_o be_v leave_v to_o every_o nation_n choice_n to_o do_v as_o their_o own_o occasion_n and_o advantage_n shall_v prompt_v they_o to_o there_o be_v nothing_o find_v in_o history_n 1595._o vid._n thuan._n an._n 1589._o lib._n 96._o cambd._n an._n 1589._o &_o 1595._o that_o may_v probable_o infer_v any_o certain_a determination_n of_o this_o controversy_n among_o nation_n wherefore_o such_o declaration_n though_o publish_v have_v be_v sometime_o observe_v and_o sometime_o not_o according_o as_o it_o stand_v with_o the_o respective_a advantage_n of_o several_a nation_n and_o for_o this_o cause_n we_o refer_v the_o decision_n of_o this_o question_n to_o the_o law_n of_o nature_n when_o the_o hansetown_n make_v sore_a complaint_n against_o queen_n elizabeth_n 1595._o cambd._n an._n 1595._o upon_o her_o take_n of_o sixty_o hulk_n traffic_v to_o spain_n then_o in_o open_a war_n with_o england_n as_o if_o their_o ancient_a privilege_n have_v be_v break_v she_o answer_v that_o she_o have_v forewarn_v they_o that_o they_o shall_v not_o carry_v any_o provision_n for_o war_n to_o the_o enemy_n of_o the_o realm_n of_o england_n and_o that_o carry_v they_o she_o have_v lawful_o take_v they_o and_o can_v do_v no_o other_o unless_o she_o will_v wilful_o draw_v destruction_n upon_o herself_o and_o people_n that_o
that_o forbid_v it_o yet_o can_v he_o never_o attain_v unto_o that_o perfection_n of_o holiness_n that_o the_o gospel_n seem_v to_o commend_v unto_o we_o so_o for_o a_o believe_a husband_n to_o put_v away_o his_o unbelieve_a wife_n be_v lawful_a as_o st._n augustine_n affirm_v which_o with_o what_o circumstance_n be_v to_o be_v verify_v it_o be_v not_o to_o our_o purpose_n in_o this_o place_n to_o discuss_v but_o yet_o he_o may_v and_o that_o haply_o more_o laudable_o retain_v she_o wherefore_o he_o add_v both_o be_v equal_o lawful_a according_a to_o the_o rule_n of_o divine_a justice_n for_o neither_o of_o they_o be_v prohibit_v by_o god_n but_o yet_o both_o be_v not_o equal_o expedient_a ulpian_n concern_v he_o that_o have_v sell_v his_o wine_n and_o covenant_v with_o the_o buyer_n that_o if_o he_o fetch_v it_o not_o by_o such_o a_o day_n it_o shall_v be_v lawful_a for_o he_o to_o pour_v it_o out_o say_v that_o although_o he_o may_v do_v it_o yet_o if_o he_o do_v it_o not_o he_o be_v the_o more_o to_o be_v commend_v second_o this_o word_n lawful_a may_v be_v take_v for_o that_o which_o be_v not_o punishable_a by_o humane_a law_n although_o it_o consist_v not_o with_o piety_n or_o the_o rule_n of_o morality_n thus_o in_o many_o country_n fornication_n be_v lawful_a that_o be_v not_o punishable_a among_o the_o lacedaemonian_n and_o egyptian_n theft_n be_v lawful_a and_o in_o quintilian_n we_o read_v that_o there_o be_v some_o thing_n which_o though_o not_o in_o their_o own_o nature_n commendable_a yet_o that_o be_v by_o the_o law_n tolerate_v as_o by_o the_o law_n of_o the_o twelve_o table_n the_o body_n of_o the_o debtor_n may_v the_o divide_a among_o the_o creditor_n all_o which_o though_o in_o themselves_o unfit_a and_o unseemly_a yet_o be_v by_o some_o lawgiver_n permit_v to_o avoid_v great_a inconvenience_n licentia_fw-la plerumque_fw-la est_fw-la tentatio_fw-la disciplinae_fw-la licence_n say_v tertullian_n be_v for_o the_o most_o part_n but_o the_o touchstone_n of_o discipline_n all_o thing_n say_v s._n paul_n be_v lawful_a but_o all_o thing_n edify_v not_o now_o this_o acception_n of_o the_o word_n lawful_a be_v somewhat_o improper_a as_o cicero_n testify_v in_o his_o tusculan_n 5._o lib._n 5._o where_o speak_v of_o cinna_n who_o have_v be_v four_o time_n consul_n and_o have_v cause_v divers_a of_o the_o chief_a of_o the_o roman_a nobility_n to_o be_v slay_v say_v thus_o shall_v we_o esteem_v this_o man_n happy_a nay_o on_o the_o contrary_a i_o think_v he_o miserable_a not_o because_o he_o commit_v these_o thing_n but_o because_o he_o so_o govern_v the_o commonwealth_n that_o he_o may_v lawful_o commit_v they_o not_o that_o it_o be_v lawful_a for_o any_o man_n to_o sin_n sed_fw-la sermonis_fw-la errore_fw-la labimur_fw-la dum_fw-la id_fw-la licere_fw-la dicimus_fw-la quod_fw-la cuique_fw-la conceditur_fw-la but_o we_o be_v mislead_v through_o the_o common_a error_n of_o speech_n whilst_o we_o pronounce_v that_o lawful_a which_o be_v only_o permit_v injuria_fw-la summum_fw-la jus_o summa_fw-la injuria_fw-la whence_o columella_n conclude_v that_o we_o ought_v not_o to_o prosecute_v our_o revenge_n to_o the_o utmost_a of_o what_o we_o may_v for_o extreme_a severity_n be_v too_o near_o a_o neighbour_n to_o extreme_a cruelty_n yet_o notwithstanding_o though_o this_o acception_n of_o the_o word_n lawful_a be_v not_o so_o proper_a yet_o be_v it_o among_o the_o roman_n very_o frequent_a as_o will_v appear_v by_o the_o same_o cicero_n who_o thus_o bespeak_v the_o judge_n posthumo_fw-la orat._n pro_fw-la rabirio_n posthumo_fw-la quid_fw-la deceat_fw-la vos_fw-la non_fw-la quantum_fw-la liceat_fw-la vobis_fw-la spectare_fw-la debetis_fw-la you_o that_o be_v judge_n ought_v to_o consider_v not_o so_o much_o what_o in_o strictness_n of_o law_n you_o may_v do_v but_o what_o in_o every_o case_n be_v most_o fit_a and_o convenient_a to_o be_v do_v for_o if_o you_o regard_v your_o own_o power_n only_o you_o may_v put_v to_o death_n even_o who_o you_o will_n in_o the_o same_o sense_n as_o it_o be_v usual_o say_v of_o king_n that_o they_o may_v do_v even_o what_o they_o please_v because_o they_o be_v exempt_v from_o the_o lash_n of_o humane_a law_n yet_o be_v that_o advice_n which_o claudian_n give_v unto_o his_o prince_n much_o more_o worthy_o to_o be_v by_o all_o prince_n receive_v nec_fw-la tibi_fw-la quid_fw-la liceat_fw-la sed_fw-la quid_fw-la fecisse_fw-la decebit_fw-la occurrat_fw-la resolve_v to_o do_v not_o what_o you_o may_v but_o what_o become_v you_o musonius_n high_o blame_v those_o prince_n who_o study_v more_o their_o own_o prerogative_n 5._o declam_fw-la lib._n 3._o cap._n 5._o than_o the_o good_a of_o their_o subject_n and_o that_o say_v thus_o and_o thus_o i_o can_v do_v rather_o than_o thus_o and_o thus_o i_o ought_v to_o do_v hence_o it_o be_v that_o we_o find_v these_o two_o word_n licet_fw-la and_o oportet_fw-la it_o be_v lawful_a and_o it_o behoove_v place_v sometime_o in_o opposition_n one_o to_o the_o other_o 30._o lib._n 30._o as_o in_o ammianus_n marcellinus_n sunt_fw-la aliqua_fw-la quae_fw-la fieri_fw-la non_fw-la oportet_fw-la etiam_fw-la si_fw-la licet_fw-la some_o thing_n there_o be_v which_o be_v not_o fit_a to_o be_v do_v though_o lawful_o we_o may_v do_v they_o so_o in_o pliny_n epistle_n thing_n that_o be_v dishonest_a we_o must_v avoid_v not_o as_o they_o be_v unlawful_a but_o as_o they_o be_v shameful_a and_o as_o cicero_n himself_o affirm_v the_o same_o est_fw-la enim_fw-la aliquid_fw-la quod_fw-la non_fw-la oporteat_fw-la etiamsi_fw-la licet_fw-la balbo_n orat._n pro_fw-la balbo_n something_o be_v be_v not_o fit_a to_o be_v do_v though_o lawful_a and_o in_o his_o oration_n for_o the_o defence_n of_o milo_n he_o distinguish_v between_o fas_fw-la and_o licet_fw-la attribute_v to_o the_o former_a that_o which_o be_v agreeable_a to_o the_o law_n of_o nature_n and_o to_o the_o latter_a that_o which_o be_v agreeable_a to_o the_o law_n of_o particular_a country_n so_o quintilian_n the_o father_n in_o one_o of_o his_o declamation_n tell_v we_o 251._o orat._n 251._o that_o it_o be_v one_o thing_n to_o look_v strict_o to_o what_o be_v a_o man_n right_a i._n e._n to_o what_o a_o man_n may_v do_v and_o another_o thing_n to_o respect_n that_o which_o be_v just_a aliud_fw-la est_fw-la spectare_fw-la jura_fw-la aliud_fw-la justitiam_fw-la iii_o in_o war_n the_o effect_n be_v lawful_a general_o that_o be_v not_o punishable_a in_o this_o sense_n therefore_o it_o be_v lawful_a for_o one_o enemy_n to_o hurt_v another_o both_o in_o his_o person_n or_o in_o his_o estate_n it_o be_v lawful_a i_o say_v not_o only_o for_o he_o that_o make_v war_n upon_o a_o just_a ground_n and_o that_o in_o the_o prosecution_n of_o that_o war_n contain_v himself_o within_o those_o bound_n which_o by_o the_o law_n of_o nature_n be_v prescribe_v he_o as_o we_o have_v already_o say_v but_o for_o both_o party_n and_o that_o without_o distinction_n so_o that_o he_o that_o do_v thus_o injure_v his_o enemy_n though_o he_o be_v apprehend_v in_o another_o prince_n dominion_n yet_o can_v he_o not_o be_v proceed_v against_o as_o a_o homicide_n or_o as_o a_o thief_n neither_o can_v any_o other_o prince_n for_o this_o only_a cause_n make_v war_n upon_o he_o and_o in_o this_o sense_n be_v that_o of_o sallust_n true_a by_o the_o law_n of_o arm_n all_o thing_n be_v lawful_a to_o the_o conqueror_n iu._n why_o such_o effect_n be_v introduce_v now_o the_o reason_n of_o this_o so_o great_a a_o licence_n grant_v by_o all_o nation_n be_v this_o because_o when_o two_o nation_n be_v at_o war_n for_o any_o other_o nation_n to_o judge_v where_o the_o right_o be_v have_v be_v dangerous_a for_o by_o that_o mean_n that_o nation_n may_v quick_o be_v entangle_v in_o the_o other_o war_n as_o the_o marseillian_o plead_v in_o the_o cause_n of_o caesar_n and_o pompey_n and_o therefore_o they_o confess_v that_o they_o have_v neither_o wisdom_n nor_o power_n sufficient_a to_o determine_v whether_o of_o they_o have_v the_o just_a cause_n beside_o even_o where_o the_o war_n be_v manifest_o just_a it_o be_v a_o very_a nice_a thing_n by_o any_o outward_a token_n to_o judge_v which_o be_v the_o just_a rule_n or_o measure_n either_o of_o defend_v ourselves_o of_o recover_v our_o own_o right_n or_o of_o exact_v punishment_n so_o that_o it_o be_v agree_v that_o it_o be_v much_o better_a to_o leave_v it_o to_o the_o honesty_n and_o conscience_n of_o the_o prince_n engage_v to_o determine_v of_o these_o thing_n among_o themselves_o than_o to_o refer_v it_o to_o the_o arbitrement_n of_o other_o thus_o do_v the_o achaian_n demand_n of_o the_o roman_a senate_n how_o it_o come_v to_o pass_v that_o what_o have_v former_o be_v act_v by_o the_o right_n of_o war_n shall_v now_o fall_v into_o debate_n now_o beside_o this_o of_o licence_n and_o impunity_n there_o be_v another_o effect_n of_o a_o just_a and_o solemn_a war_n namely_o
dominion_n whereof_o we_o shall_v treat_v hereafter_o v._o testimony_n of_o these_o effect_n but_o the_o licence_n that_o a_o just_a war_n give_v to_o one_o enemy_n against_o another_o extend_v either_o to_o his_o person_n or_o his_o estate_n and_o first_o to_o the_o person_n of_o a_o enemy_n and_o hereof_o we_o have_v many_o testimony_n record_v in_o the_o most_o approve_a author_n the_o greek_a proverb_n acquit_v the_o soldier_n for_o what_o he_o do_v against_o the_o person_n of_o a_o enemy_n in_o the_o time_n of_o war_n in_o that_o it_o say_v he_o guiltless_a be_v that_o do_v his_o enemy_n kill_v euripides_n euripides_n the_o custom_n of_o the_o ancient_a grecian_n be_v not_o to_o wash_v nor_o to_o eat_v with_o a_o homicide_n much_o less_o to_o join_v with_o he_o in_o any_o duty_n that_o be_v holy_a and_o yet_o with_o he_o that_o in_o the_o war_n have_v kill_v a_o enemy_n it_o be_v lawful_a and_o in_o all_o author_n we_o read_v that_o to_o kill_v be_v jus_n belli_n the_o right_a of_o war._n marcellus_n in_o livy_n justify_v himself_o by_o this_o right_n 28._o livy_n 26._o id._n 21._o lib._n 28._o quicquid_fw-la in_o hostibus_fw-la feci_fw-la jus_o belli_fw-la defendit_fw-la whatever_o i_o do_v among_o my_o enemy_n the_o law_n of_o arm_n do_v defend_v i_o in_o and_o so_o do_v alcon_n justify_v himself_o and_o his_o soldier_n to_o the_o saguntines_n suffer_v your_o wife_n and_o your_o child_n to_o be_v drag_v about_o and_o ravish_v before_o your_o face_n according_a to_o the_o licence_n give_v in_o war_n for_o better_a it_o be_v with_o patience_n to_o endure_v those_o outrage_n than_o that_o they_o shall_v put_v you_o all_o to_o the_o sword_n and_o the_o same_o livy_n have_v declare_v the_o general_a massacre_n of_o the_o astapense_n add_v that_o it_o be_v do_v by_o the_o right_n of_o war._n cicero_n likewise_o in_o his_o oration_n for_o king_n dejotarus_n plead_v thus_o and_o why_o o_o caesar_n shall_v he_o be_v suspect_v as_o thy_o enemy_n who_o can_v not_o forget_v that_o whereas_o thou_o may_v have_v adjudge_v he_o even_o to_o death_n by_o the_o law_n of_o arm_n thou_o make_v both_o he_o and_o his_o son_n also_o king_n and_o in_o another_o place_n he_o confess_v that_o whereas_o caesar_n marcel_n pro_fw-la m._n marcel_n by_o the_o right_n of_o a_o conqueror_n may_v have_v sentence_v they_o all_o to_o death_n 7._o lib._n 7._o he_o out_o of_o his_o princely_a clemency_n have_v preserve_v they_o caesar_n in_o his_o commentary_n acquaint_v the_o state_n of_o the_o hedui_n that_o he_o save_v their_o people_n who_o by_o the_o law_n of_o arm_n he_o may_v have_v slay_v josephus_n also_o in_o his_o jewish_a war_n account_v it_o a_o honourable_a death_n to_o die_v in_o the_o war_n but_o he_o mean_v to_o die_v by_o the_o law_n of_o arm_n or_o at_o the_o will_n and_o pleasure_n of_o the_o conqueror_n of_o the_o same_o mind_n be_v papinius_n non_fw-la querimur_fw-la caesos_fw-la haec_fw-la bellica_fw-la jura_fw-la vicesque_fw-la armorum_fw-la nor_o for_o our_o slain_n we_o grieve_v be_v this_o be_v the_o law_n of_o arm_n the_o chance_n of_o war._n yet_o we_o must_v observe_v that_o when_o these_o author_n seem_v to_o justify_v such_o act_n of_o cruelty_n by_o the_o right_n of_o war_n they_o do_v not_o altogether_o free_v they_o from_o sin_n but_o from_o be_v punishable_a as_o sin_n 1._o annal._n lib._n 1._o as_o will_v appear_v by_o other_o place_n in_o the_o same_o author_n it_o be_v well_o say_v of_o tacitus_n in_o pace_n causas_fw-la &_o merita_fw-la spectari_fw-la ubi_fw-la bellum_fw-la ingruat_fw-la innocent_n ac_fw-la noxios_fw-la juxta_fw-la cadere_fw-la peace_n do_v usual_o distinguish_v of_o cause_n and_o merit_n and_o according_o dispense_v reward_n and_o punishment_n but_o in_o war_n the_o nocent_a and_o innocent_a do_v fall_v alike_o and_o in_o another_o place_n speak_v of_o a_o common_a trooper_n who_o demand_v of_o his_o captain_n a_o reward_n for_o kill_v his_o own_o brother_n in_o the_o head_n of_o his_o enemy_n troop_n he_o say_v nec_fw-la illis_fw-la aut_fw-la honorare_fw-la eam_fw-la caedem_fw-la jus_o hominum_fw-la nec_fw-la ulcisci_fw-la ratio_fw-la belli_fw-la permittebat_fw-la neither_o will_v the_o law_n of_o humanity_n suffer_v they_o to_o reward_v so_o unnatural_a a_o murder_n nor_o the_o law_n of_o arm_n permit_v they_o to_o punish_v it_o for_o that_o which_o seneca_n observe_v be_v very_o true_a 1._o troad_n see_v the_o second_o book_n chap._n 1._o sect_n 1._o quodcunque_fw-la libuit_fw-la facere_fw-la victori_fw-la licet_fw-la what_o ever_o he_o will_v that_o may_v a_o victor_n do_v and_o what_o he_o note_v in_o his_o epistle_n 96._o epist._n 96._o quae_fw-la commissa_fw-la capite_fw-la luerent_fw-la tum_fw-la quia_fw-la paludati_fw-la fuerunt_fw-la laudamus_fw-la what_o in_o another_o we_o punish_v with_o death_n that_o in_o a_o soldier_n under_o command_n we_o commend_v wherewith_o accord_v that_o of_o st_n cyprian_a 2._o epist._n 2._o homicidium_fw-la cum_fw-la admittunt_fw-la singuli_fw-la crimen_fw-la est_fw-la virtus_fw-la voco_fw-la cum_fw-la publicè_fw-la geritur_fw-la that_o which_o in_o a_o time_n of_o peace_n be_v a_o capital_a crime_n in_o the_o time_n of_o war_n be_v account_v valour_n but_o it_o be_v not_o the_o nature_n of_o their_o fact_n but_o the_o exorbitancy_n of_o their_o cruelty_n that_o render_v soldier_n unpunishable_a and_o a_o little_a after_o he_o add_v consensere_fw-la jura_fw-la peccatis_fw-la &_o coepit_fw-la esse_fw-la licitum_fw-la quod_fw-la publicum_fw-la est_fw-la the_o law_n do_v connive_v at_o sin_n which_o be_v therefore_o sometime_o repute_v innocence_n because_o license_v by_o public_a authority_n and_o in_o this_o sense_n it_o be_v true_a what_o lactantius_n say_v of_o the_o roman_n pharsal_a institut_fw-la 4._o c._n 9_o pharsal_a that_o they_o do_v legitimè_fw-la injurias_fw-la infer_v infest_v other_o lawful_o as_o that_o also_o of_o lucan_n jusque_fw-la datum_fw-la sceleri_fw-la which_o we_o may_v translate_v in_o the_o word_n of_o david_n wickedness_n be_v practise_v as_o by_o a_o law_n vi_o all_o that_o be_v find_v among_o enemy_n be_v liable_a to_o the_o effect_n of_o war._n but_o this_o right_n of_o licence_n or_o impunity_n in_o war_n extend_v itself_o very_o far_o for_o it_o reach_v not_o only_o to_o such_o as_o be_v actual_o in_o arm_n nor_o unto_o such_o only_a as_o be_v subject_n to_o these_o prince_n against_o who_o the_o war_n be_v make_v but_o unto_o all_o such_o as_o reside_v within_o their_o territory_n or_o dominion_n as_o may_v appear_v by_o that_o form_n so_o often_o use_v in_o livy_n hostess_fw-la sit_fw-la ille_fw-la quique_fw-la intra_fw-la praesidia_fw-la sunt_fw-la ejus_fw-la let_v he_o and_o all_o that_o live_v under_o his_o protection_n be_v hold_v as_o enemy_n 37._o livy_n lib._n 37._o and_o no_o marvel_n see_v that_o by_o all_o such_o we_o may_v be_v damnify_v which_o in_o a_o war_n that_o be_v last_a and_o universal_a be_v sufficient_a to_o justify_v the_o licence_n here_o speak_v of_o otherwise_o than_o in_o reprizal_n or_o pignoration_n which_o as_o i_o have_v say_v be_v at_o the_o first_o introduce_v after_o the_o manner_n of_o tax_n for_o the_o payment_n of_o public_a debt_n wherefore_o it_o be_v not_o to_o be_v wonder_v at_o if_o as_o baldus_n note_n this_o licence_n in_o war_n be_v much_o great_a than_o that_o in_o pignoration_n nor_o be_v there_o any_o question_n but_o that_o stranger_n come_v into_o the_o enemy_n territory_n after_o the_o war_n be_v proclaim_v and_o begin_v may_v be_v persecute_v as_o enemy_n vii_o though_o they_o come_v before_o the_o war_n begin_v but_o as_o for_o those_o that_o go_v thither_o before_o the_o war_n be_v proclaim_v it_o be_v think_v fit_a by_o the_o law_n of_o nation_n that_o they_o shall_v have_v some_o time_n allow_v they_o to_o depart_v thence_o with_o their_o good_n for_o so_o we_o read_v of_o the_o corcyraean_n that_o before_o they_o lay_v close_a siege_n to_o epidamnum_n 1._o liv._o l._n 25._o thucyd._n lib._n 1._o they_o give_v warn_v to_o all_o stranger_n to_o depart_v or_o to_o be_v hold_v as_o enemy_n viii_o but_o natural_a subject_n every_o where_o unless_o protect_v by_o another_o prince_n but_o such_o as_o be_v true_a and_o natural_a subject_n if_o we_o have_v respect_n only_o to_o their_o person_n they_o may_v in_o all_o place_n whatsoever_o be_v persecute_v because_o as_o we_o have_v already_o show_v when_o war_n be_v decree_v and_o denounce_v it_o be_v declare_v to_o be_v against_o a_o prince_n or_o nation_n and_o the_o people_n thereof_o so_o the_o roman_n in_o their_o decree_n against_o king_n philip_n do_v will_n and_o command_v that_o war_n shall_v be_v proclaim_v against_o he_o and_o the_o macedonian_n under_o his_o dominion_n now_o he_o that_o be_v a_o enemy_n may_v by_o the_o law_n of_o nation_n be_v every_o where_o persecute_v according_a to_o that_o of_o euripides_n ubicunque_fw-la prensum_fw-la jura_fw-la laedi_fw-la hostem_fw-la sinunt_fw-la
other_o prince_n or_o state_n that_o will_v live_v in_o peace_n to_o judge_v between_o they_o therefore_o they_o conclude_v it_o better_a to_o sit_v still_o and_o to_o esteem_v whatsoever_o shall_v be_v do_v in_o that_o war_n to_o be_v just_a and_o so_o the_o prisoner_n on_o either_o side_n take_v in_o actual_a arm_n to_o be_v lawful_o take_v but_o now_o against_o those_o prisoner_n that_o have_v be_v by_o misfortune_n surprise_v through_o the_o sudden_a eruption_n of_o the_o war_n no_o such_o thing_n can_v be_v allege_v for_o they_o have_v neither_o advise_v nor_o attempt_v any_o â—urt_n to_o we_o nevertheless_o to_o weaken_v the_o power_n of_o the_o enemy_n because_o possible_a it_o be_v that_o they_o may_v be_v entice_v to_o injure_v we_o it_o have_v be_v think_v not_o unjust_a to_o detain_v they_o during_o the_o war_n but_o the_o war_n be_v end_v there_o can_v be_v nothing_o allege_v why_o they_o shall_v not_o be_v release_v and_o therefore_o it_o be_v general_o consent_v unto_o by_o all_o nation_n that_o such_o prisoner_n when_o the_o peace_n be_v make_v shall_v be_v enlarge_v as_o be_v confess_v by_o both_o party_n innocent_a but_o as_o to_o other_o prisoner_n every_o man_n that_o usurp_v a_o right_a over_o they_o be_v willing_a that_o he_o shall_v be_v believe_v that_o he_o have_v just_o gain_v they_o unless_o by_o some_o precede_a agreement_n he_o be_v limit_v and_o for_o this_o cause_n neither_o captive_n nor_o any_o thing_n else_o take_v in_o war_n be_v to_o be_v restore_v in_o peace_n unless_o it_o be_v so_o express_v in_o the_o article_n of_o peace_n because_o the_o conqueror_n will_v be_v think_v to_o have_v a_o just_a title_n to_o they_o which_o to_o contradict_v be_v to_o renew_v the_o war_n and_o therefore_o totilas_n in_o procopius_n charge_v pelagius_n who_o be_v send_v unto_o he_o from_o the_o roman_n that_o he_o shall_v not_o mention_v the_o release_n of_o the_o sicilian_a captive_n urge_v that_o it_o be_v not_o equitable_a that_o the_o roman_n shall_v redeliver_v their_o fellow-soldier_n to_o their_o old_a master_n wherefore_o the_o agreement_n bring_v by_o quintilian_n in_o the_o behalf_n of_o the_o thebans_n be_v rather_o witty_a than_o solid_a namely_o that_o prisoner_n it_o they_o can_v make_v their_o escape_n into_o their_o own_o country_n the_o war_n be_v end_v be_v to_o be_v reckon_v as_o freeman_n because_o what_o be_v get_v by_o force_n be_v no_o long_o we_o than_o we_o can_v keep_v it_o by_o force_n concern_v those_o that_o make_v their_o escape_n after_o the_o peace_n be_v conclude_v we_o have_v hitherto_o treat_v now_o in_o the_o time_n of_o war_n they_o be_v say_v to_o return_v by_o postliminy_n to_o their_o former_a freedom_n who_o be_v free_a before_o they_o be_v take_v captive_n in_o the_o war_n but_o they_o be_v say_v to_o be_v receive_v who_o before_o be_v not_o free_a as_o servants_z and_o other_o thing_n v._o the_o war_n last_v when_o a_o freeman_n may_v be_v say_v to_o return_v he_o that_o be_v a_o freeman_n return_v so_o by_o this_o right_n in_o case_n he_o return_v to_o this_o purpose_n that_o he_o may_v follow_v the_o fortune_n of_o that_o city_n whereunto_o he_o return_v as_o trophoninus_n deliver_v it_o because_o as_o the_o servant_n that_o be_v to_o be_v make_v free_a oughts_z first_o to_o be_v svi_fw-la juris_fw-la of_o and_o for_o himself_o that_o so_o his_o act_n may_v be_v voluntary_a so_o he_o that_o will_v be_v admit_v as_o a_o citizen_n after_o captivity_n must_v resolve_v to_o incorporate_v himself_o with_o that_o city_n and_o become_v one_o with_o it_o or_o as_o a_o member_n of_o it_o moreover_o whether_o the_o captive_n be_v retake_v by_o force_n of_o arm_n or_o whether_o he_o have_v make_v his_o escape_n by_o fraud_n it_o be_v all_o one_o as_o florentinus_n observe_v and_o the_o case_n be_v the_o same_o if_o he_o be_v free_o dismiss_v by_o the_o enemy_n but_o what_o if_o he_o be_v sell_v by_o way_n of_o contract_n to_o another_o and_o that_o he_o thence_o escape_v into_o his_o own_o country_n this_o question_n be_v handle_v by_o seneca_n in_o his_o controversy_n concern_v the_o olynthian_o who_o parrhasius_n buy_v for_o when_o the_o decree_n be_v pass_v by_o the_o athenian_n whereby_o it_o be_v ordain_v that_o the_o olynthian_o shall_v be_v free_a he_o make_v this_o doubt_n whether_o by_o that_o decree_n it_o be_v mean_v that_o they_o may_v be_v make_v free_a or_o that_o they_o be_v adjudge_v thereby_o to_o be_v free_a which_o latter_a opinion_n be_v the_o true_a thus_o childubius_n in_o procopius_n plead_v that_o be_v return_v into_o his_o own_o country_n he_o be_v by_o the_o law_n thenceforth_o a_o free_a man_n vi_o what_o right_n he_o may_v receive_v and_o what_o not_o but_o a_o freeman_n be_v return_v home_o do_v not_o only_o recover_v his_o own_o freedom_n but_o all_o thing_n else_o that_o be_v he_o in_o any_o nation_n that_o be_v at_o peace_n whether_o they_o be_v thing_n corporeal_a or_o incorporeal_a because_o though_o people_n that_o be_v at_o peace_n as_o they_o do_v not_o inquire_v into_o the_o justness_n of_o the_o war_n but_o take_v every_o thing_n that_o be_v do_v to_o the_o captive_a to_o be_v just_a so_o when_o they_o see_v the_o captive_a to_o be_v at_o liberty_n they_o dispute_v not_o the_o manner_n how_o but_o take_v it_o as_o grant_v that_o he_o be_v release_v just_o whereby_o they_o show_v themselves_o indifferent_a to_o both_o party_n wherefore_o he_o that_o by_o the_o law_n of_o arm_n be_v possess_v of_o a_o captive_n have_v not_o a_o absolute_a and_o indubitable_a right_n unto_o all_o thing_n that_o belong_v to_o he_o for_o it_o be_v possible_a that_o his_o right_n may_v surcease_v without_o or_o against_o his_o will_n that_o if_o the_o prisoner_n can_v make_v his_o escape_n and_o return_v into_o his_o own_o country_n for_o then_o just_a so_o as_o he_o lose_v his_o right_n to_o the_o man_n do_v he_o lose_v his_o title_n to_o those_o good_n which_o be_v he_o but_o what_o if_o those_o good_n be_v alienate_v whether_o shall_v he_o that_o derive_v his_o title_n to_o they_o from_o he_o who_o at_o that_o time_n be_v by_o the_o right_n of_o war_n the_o owner_n of_o they_o be_v defend_v by_o the_o law_n of_o nation_n or_o shall_v the_o same_o thing_n so_o alienate_v be_v recover_v those_o good_n i_o mean_v that_o be_v extant_a among_o such_o people_n as_o stand_v neuter_n in_o the_o war._n here_o then_o we_o be_v to_o distinguish_v between_o such_o thing_n as_o may_v return_v by_o postliminy_n and_o such_o as_o be_v uncapable_a of_o this_o right_n the_o difference_n whereof_o we_o shall_v present_o explain_v that_o the_o former_a may_v appear_v to_o be_v alienate_v during_o their_o cause_n only_o and_o under_o this_o condition_n that_o the_o person_n be_v still_o hold_v in_o custody_n these_o latter_a simple_o and_o absolute_o by_o thing_n alienate_v i_o understand_v even_o those_o thing_n that_o be_v give_v or_o receive_v vii_o all_o right_n against_o he_o be_v restore_v as_o he_o that_o return_v home_o have_v a_o right_a unto_o all_o thing_n by_o the_o law_n that_o be_v he_o before_o he_o be_v take_v so_o be_v the_o law_n in_o force_n against_o he_o as_o full_o as_o if_o he_o have_v never_o be_v under_o the_o power_n of_o the_o enemy_n viii_o why_o they_o that_o yield_v themselves_o be_v not_o capable_a of_o 〈◊〉_d right_o but_o unto_o this_o rule_n as_o it_o concern_v such_o as_o be_v freeman_n paulus_n allow_v of_o this_o exception_n postliminio_fw-la carent_fw-la qui_fw-la armis_fw-la victi_fw-la hostibus_fw-la se_fw-la dederant_fw-la they_o that_o be_v conquer_v by_o arm_n have_v yield_v themselves_o up_o to_o the_o will_n of_o their_o enemy_n have_v no_o benefit_n by_o their_o return_n home_o the_o reason_n whereof_o be_v because_o all_o agreement_n with_o enemy_n be_v by_o the_o law_n of_o nation_n to_o be_v observe_v as_o we_o shall_v show_v anon_o neither_o be_v this_o right_n of_o postliminy_n to_o be_v admit_v against_o those_o agreement_n and_o therefore_o those_o roman_n in_o gellius_n 〈…〉_o lib._n 7._o 〈…〉_o who_o be_v take_v by_o the_o carthaginian_n and_o send_v back_o to_o rome_n to_o procure_v exchange_n do_v acknowledge_v that_o the_o right_n of_o postliminy_n be_v not_o due_a unto_o they_o because_o they_o be_v bind_v by_o oath_n to_o return_v from_o whence_o also_o it_o be_v right_o observe_v by_o paulus_n that_o during_o the_o time_n of_o a_o truce_n there_o be_v no_o right_o claim_v by_o postliminy_n yet_o modestinus_n be_v of_o opinion_n that_o if_o they_o that_o deliver_v themselves_o up_o to_o their_o enemy_n be_v bind_v by_o no_o covenant_n or_o promise_v make_v they_o may_v be_v admit_v to_o their_o freedom_n by_o postliminy_n ix_o how_o a_o people_n may_v obtain_v this_o right_n that_o which_o have_v be_v
zeldi_n as_o arrianus_n testify_v because_o they_o be_v enforce_v to_o take_v part_n against_o he_o with_o the_o barbarian_n and_o diodorus_n bring_v in_o nicolaus_n the_o syracusian_a thus_o plead_v for_o the_o captive_n they_o that_o be_v confederate_n with_o our_o enemy_n be_v by_o force_n drive_v to_o make_v war_n upon_o we_o therefore_o as_o it_o be_v but_o just_a that_o they_o that_o studious_o and_o industrious_o make_v war_n against_o we_o be_v severe_o punish_v so_o to_o pardon_v those_o who_o unwilling_o offend_v we_o be_v alike_o conscientious_a so_o antigonus_n allege_v 38._o lib._n 38._o that_o he_o make_v war_n indeed_o against_o cleomenes_n but_o not_o against_o the_o spartan_n as_o justine_n report_v it_o iu._n nor_o for_o a_o intermediate_v fault_n between_o fraud_n and_o misfortune_n this_o also_o be_v to_o be_v observe_v that_o between_o a_o plain_a and_o manifest_a injury_n and_o a_o injury_n do_v by_o a_o mere_a mischance_n there_o intercede_v sometime_o something_o of_o a_o middle_a nature_n as_o if_o participate_v somewhat_o of_o either_o so_o as_o the_o action_n be_v neither_o mere_o or_o altogether_o voluntary_a nor_o yet_o do_v mere_o through_o ignorance_n or_o against_o our_o will_n aristotle_n call_v these_o act_n 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d slip_n or_o fail_n as_o the_o latin_n do_v trespass_n or_o offence_n of_o action_n say_v he_o that_o be_v spontaneous_a some_o be_v do_v deliberate_o other_o rash_o 10._o mor._n l._n 5._o c._n 10._o and_o without_o consideration_n now_o whereas_o in_o humane_a society_n injury_n may_v be_v do_v three_o several_a way_n those_o do_v mere_o through_o ignorance_n be_v call_v mischance_n as_o when_o a_o mischief_n light_v upon_o a_o man_n against_o who_o no_o hurt_n be_v ever_o intend_v as_o for_o example_n if_o a_o son_n by_o force_v open_a a_o door_n shall_v accidental_o wound_v his_o own_o father_n who_o he_o can_v not_o suspect_v to_o be_v behind_o or_o if_o a_o great_a hurt_n or_o damage_n befall_v a_o man_n than_o what_o be_v intend_v as_o if_o a_o fencer_n for_o the_o trial_n of_o skill_n and_o only_o intend_v to_o draw_v blood_n shall_v kill_v his_o adversary_n it_o may_v be_v call_v a_o mischance_n but_o not_o a_o mischief_n for_o whatsoever_o happen_v beside_o what_o a_o man_n propose_v to_o himself_o be_v to_o be_v attribute_v to_o misfortune_n for_o haply_o vellicare_fw-la voluit_fw-la non_fw-la vulnerare_fw-la he_o intend_v to_o beat_v he_o not_o to_o wound_v he_o or_o if_o he_o do_v intend_v to_o wound_v yet_o haply_o not_o this_o man_n but_o another_o or_o it_o may_v be_v not_o in_o that_o manner_n or_o in_o so_o great_a a_o measure_n as_o it_o fall_v out_o if_o therefore_o any_o such_o hurt_n or_o damage_n do_v arise_v beside_o what_o be_v intend_v or_o may_v probable_o be_v expect_v it_o shall_v be_v esteem_v as_o a_o mischance_n not_o a_o mischief_n but_o second_o if_o the_o wrong_v do_v may_v have_v be_v foresee_v and_o prevent_v though_o it_o be_v not_o do_v improbo_fw-la animo_fw-la with_o a_o wicked_a intention_n it_o shall_v be_v account_v as_o a_o fault_n 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d as_o aristotle_n term_v it_o for_o culpae_fw-la affinis_fw-la est_fw-la qui_fw-la in_o se_fw-la habet_fw-la agendi_fw-la principium_fw-la qui_fw-la vero_fw-la extra_fw-la infoelix_fw-la he_o must_v needs_o be_v accessary_a to_o the_o sin_n or_o fault_n commit_v that_o act_n by_o a_o principle_n within_o he_o but_o he_o that_o be_v passive_a and_o overrule_v by_o something_o without_o he_o be_v unhappy_a but_o when_o a_o man_n do_v what_o he_o do_v know_o though_o not_o deliberate_o it_o be_v confess_v that_o a_o injury_n be_v do_v as_o he_o that_o in_o a_o forest_n shoot_v at_o a_o deer_n but_o kill_v a_o man_n who_o he_o see_v not_o be_v unfortunate_a but_o he_o that_o discharge_v a_o musket_n in_o a_o populous_a street_n though_o with_o no_o mischievous_a intention_n yet_o if_o he_o kill_v a_o man_n he_o sin_n because_o he_o do_v it_o free_o and_o voluntary_o though_o not_o considerate_o as_o also_o they_o that_o through_o anger_n or_o any_o other_o perturbation_n of_o the_o mind_n either_o natural_a or_o necessary_a shall_v hurt_v a_o man_n can_v be_v faultless_a and_o yet_o we_o can_v account_v they_o wicked_a or_o malicious_a but_o yet_o if_o a_o man_n shall_v know_o and_o premeditated_o do_v the_o same_o thing_n he_o may_v just_o be_v account_v wicked_a wherefore_o whatsoever_o be_v do_v through_o anger_n sudden_o may_v very_o well_o be_v say_v to_o be_v unadvised_o do_v arist_n non_fw-la incipit_fw-la be_v qui_fw-la ex_fw-la ira_fw-la quid_fw-la facit_fw-la sed_fw-la be_v qui_fw-la â—â—am_fw-la provocavit_fw-la arist_n for_o it_o be_v not_o he_o that_o do_v the_o wrong_n through_o anger_n that_o begin_v the_o fray_n but_o he_o that_o first_o provoke_v that_o anger_n hence_o it_o be_v that_o before_o judgement_n in_o such_o case_n can_v be_v give_v the_o query_n be_v not_o so_o much_o after_o the_o fact_n as_o after_o the_o occasion_n namely_o who_o give_v it_o and_o how_o great_a the_o provocation_n be_v for_o anger_v usual_o arise_v from_o hence_o when_o a_o man_n think_v himself_o to_o be_v injure_v and_o therefore_o in_o such_o difference_n as_o do_v arise_v about_o wrong_v do_v through_o anger_n the_o question_n be_v not_o as_o in_o ordinary_a contract_n a_o hoc_fw-la factum_fw-la sit_fw-la whether_o do_v or_o not_o for_o therein_o unless_o excuse_v by_o forgetfulness_n one_o of_o the_o party_n must_v of_o necessity_n be_v unjust_a as_o namely_o he_o that_o fulfil_v not_o the_o contract_n but_o the_o question_n shall_v be_v whether_o the_o wrong_v do_v be_v just_o do_v consider_v the_o provocation_n for_o he_o that_o first_o give_v the_o occasion_n do_v it_o know_o it_o be_v no_o marvel_n then_o if_o the_o one_o party_n may_v think_v himself_o to_o be_v injure_v and_o the_o other_o not_o it_o may_v notwithstanding_o so_o happen_v that_o he_o that_o through_o anger_n do_v the_o wrong_n may_v be_v unjust_a if_o namely_o the_o revenge_n swell_v high_o than_o the_o provocation_n or_o the_o wrong_n we_o do_v bear_v not_o a_o just_a proportion_n with_o what_o we_o before_o suffer_v for_o iustùs_fw-la est_fw-la qui_fw-la deliberatò_fw-la justè_fw-la agit_fw-fr he_o be_v a_o just_a man_n who_o know_o and_o deliberate_o do_v just_o for_o possible_a it_o be_v that_o a_o man_n may_v do_v just_o know_o but_o not_o deliberate_o moreover_o of_o such_o wrong_n as_o be_v spontaneous_a some_o deserve_v pardon_n other_o not_z those_o injury_n be_v pardonable_a which_o be_v do_v not_o only_o by_o such_o as_o know_v not_o but_o that_o they_o may_v lawful_o do_v they_o but_o these_o also_o that_o be_v do_v through_o ignoranee_n that_o be_v when_o their_o ignorance_n be_v the_o cause_n of_o the_o offence_n but_o if_o injury_n be_v commit_v by_o ignorant_a person_n but_o not_o through_o their_o ignorance_n but_o with_o such_o a_o affection_n of_o mind_n as_o exceed_v the_o common_a bound_n of_o humanity_n such_o offender_n deserve_v no_o pardon_n thus_o far_o aristotle_n who_o very_a word_n because_o the_o matter_n be_v of_o great_a use_n i_o have_v therefore_o say_v grotius_n entire_o turn_v into_o latin_a because_o usual_o be_v but_o ill_o translate_v they_o be_v not_o easy_o understand_v quod_fw-la sponte_fw-la non_fw-la fit_n omne_fw-la dignum_fw-la venia_fw-la whatsoever_o be_v unwilling_o do_v say_v dionysius_n halicarnassensis_n be_v pardonable_a so_o likewise_o procopius_n they_o who_o have_v wrong_v other_o if_o through_o ignorance_n that_o be_v when_o their_o ignorance_n be_v the_o cause_n of_o the_o wrong_n aught_o in_o equity_n to_o be_v forgive_v by_o those_o who_o they_o have_v wrong_v 7.2_o nic._n 7.2_o michael_n ephesius_n interpret_n that_o place_n of_o aristotle_n where_o he_o speak_v of_o a_o injury_n that_o may_v be_v do_v beyond_o the_o expectation_n of_o he_o that_o do_v it_o place_n that_o which_o i_o have_v before-recited_n as_o a_o instance_n in_o a_o son_n who_o force_v open_o a_o door_n wound_v his_o own_o father_n and_o of_o that_o which_o may_v have_v be_v foresee_v he_o put_v that_o of_o a_o man_n that_o without_o any_o malice_n shoot_v a_o arrow_n at_o random_n in_o a_o highway_n and_o of_o that_o do_v by_o necessity_n he_o instance_v in_o he_o who_o be_v oppress_v with_o hunger_n or_o famine_n be_v constrain_v to_o be_v injurious_a to_o other_o to_o preserve_v himself_o a_o example_n of_o fault_n commit_v out_o of_o natural_a perturbation_n he_o put_v in_o love_n grief_n fear_n that_o be_v say_v to_o be_v do_v through_o ignorance_n when_o the_o fact_n be_v unknown_a as_o when_o abimilech_n will_v have_v take_v sarah_n not_o know_v that_o she_o be_v abraham_n wife_n a_o injury_n be_v say_v to_o be_v do_v by_o a_o person_n ignorant_a but_o not_o through_o ignorance_n where_o the_o law_n be_v unknown_a and_o this_o very_a
soldier_n to_o satiate_v their_o anger_n with_o the_o blood_n of_o the_o conquer_a vii_o even_o enemy_n deserve_v death_n may_v be_v sometime_o pardon_v yea_o though_o in_o strictness_n of_o justice_n they_o have_v deserve_v death_n yet_o ofttimes_o it_o be_v more_o agreeable_a to_o the_o goodness_n modesty_n and_o magnanimity_n of_o a_o conqueror_n to_o forgive_v than_o to_o revenge_n of_o this_o mind_n be_v king_n theuderick_n in_o cassiodore_n those_o war_n have_v always_o succeed_v well_o to_o i_o say_v he_o which_o have_v end_v moderate_o for_o he_o can_v never_o want_v the_o victory_n that_o know_v how_o to_o use_v it_o with_o temperance_n and_o clemency_n sallust_n ascribe_v the_o prosperity_n of_o the_o roman_n and_o the_o greatness_n of_o their_o empire_n 41._o â—ib_fw-la 2._o c._n 41._o to_o nothing_o more_o than_o to_o their_o promptness_n to_o forgive_v and_o it_o be_v the_o advice_n of_o tacitus_n quanta_fw-la pervicacia_fw-la in_o hostem_fw-la 12._o annal._n l._n 12._o tanta_fw-la benificentia_fw-la adversus_fw-la supplices_fw-la to_o show_v as_o much_o love_n and_o kindness_n to_o poor_a suppliant_n as_o courage_n and_o resolution_n towards_o enemy_n yea_o and_o seneca_n tell_v we_o that_o the_o most_o generous_a of_o beast_n do_v disdain_v to_o tear_v and_o prey_n upon_o thing_n vile_a and_o abject_a elephant_n and_o lion_n scorn_v thing_n that_o be_v prostrate_a and_o pass_v by_o what_o they_o have_v overcome_v 4._o lib._n 4._o the_o author_n to_o herennius_n have_v a_o excellent_a say_n to_o this_o purpose_n our_o ancestor_n say_v he_o do_v very_o wise_o observe_v this_o custom_n never_o to_o put_v any_o king_n to_o death_n who_o they_o have_v take_v in_o war_n but_o why_o because_o say_v he_o it_o will_v seem_v unreasonable_a to_o use_v that_o power_n which_o fortune_n have_v now_o give_v we_o to_o destroy_v they_o who_o the_o same_o fortune_n not_o long_o before_o have_v so_o eminent_o favour_v and_o why_o shall_v i_o now_o punish_v they_o because_o they_o have_v lead_v their_o army_n against_o i_o this_o have_v now_o get_v the_o victory_n i_o be_o willing_a to_o forget_v quia_fw-la viri_fw-la fortis_fw-la est_fw-la qui_fw-fr de_fw-fr victoria_fw-la contendant_fw-la eos_fw-la fortes_fw-la putare_fw-la qui_fw-la victi_fw-la sunt_fw-la eos_fw-la homines_fw-la judicare_fw-la ut_fw-la possit_fw-la bellum_fw-la fortitudo_fw-la minuere_fw-la pacem_fw-la humanitatis_fw-la augere_fw-la because_o it_o be_v the_o part_n of_o a_o valiant_a commander_n to_o esteem_v man_n as_o enemy_n whilst_o they_o be_v able_a to_o contend_v for_o victory_n but_o be_v overcome_v then_o to_o pity_v they_o as_o man_n that_o so_o valour_n may_v end_v the_o war_n and_o humanity_n confirm_v the_o peace_n but_o you_o will_v haply_o say_v what_o if_o he_o have_v overcome_v you_o will_v he_o have_v do_v so_o wherefore_o then_o shall_v you_o spare_v he_o i_o answer_v quia_fw-la talem_fw-la stultitiam_fw-la contemnere_fw-la non_fw-la imitari_fw-la consuevi_fw-la because_o it_o be_v my_o custom_n to_o contemn_v and_o not_o to_o imitate_v such_o folly_n now_o if_o this_o author_n do_v mean_v this_o of_o the_o roman_n which_o be_v very_o uncertain_a because_o he_o intermix_v many_o strange_a and_o indeed_o romantic_a story_n with_o some_o true_a one_o it_o manifest_o contradict_v that_o which_o we_o read_v in_o the_o panegyric_n of_o constantine_n the_o son_n of_o constantius_n he_o act_v the_o part_n of_o a_o prudent_a man_n who_o have_v conquer_v rebel_n can_v bind_v they_o to_o himself_o by_o a_o free_a pardon_n but_o he_o of_o a_o valiant_a man_n who_o have_v vex_v they_o can_v trample_v upon_o they_o thou_o have_v revive_v o_o emperor_n that_o ancient_a confidence_n of_o the_o roman_a empire_n who_o triumph_v in_o the_o death_n of_o those_o great_a commander_n who_o they_o have_v take_v in_o the_o war_n for_o in_o those_o day_n their_o captive_a king_n after_o they_o have_v grace_v their_o triumph_n by_o attend_v the_o conqueror_n chariot_n from_o the_o port_n to_o the_o most_o public_a place_n of_o the_o city_n as_o soon_o as_o he_o turn_v his_o chariot_n towards_o the_o capitol_n be_v hurry_v away_o to_o execution_n only_o perseus_n upon_o the_o intercession_n of_o paulus_n aemilius_n to_o who_o he_o have_v yield_v himself_o escape_v the_o severity_n of_o this_o custom_n but_o the_o rest_n have_v their_o eye_n put_v out_o remain_v for_o ever_o after_o in_o chain_n teach_v thereby_o other_o king_n rather_o to_o preserve_v their_o faith_n and_o friendship_n with_o the_o people_n of_o rome_n than_o to_o exasperate_v their_o justice_n but_o these_o thing_n be_v write_v somewhat_o too_o loose_o josephus_n in_o his_o history_n concern_v the_o death_n of_o simon_n bar-jorae_a testify_v the_o same_o severity_n of_o the_o roman_n but_o he_o speak_v it_o of_o such_o captain_n and_o commander_n only_o as_o be_v pontius_n samnis_n but_o not_o of_o such_o as_o carry_v the_o title_n of_o king_n who_o word_n sound_v thus_o the_o conclusion_n of_o the_o triumph_n be_v after_o that_o the_o triumphant_a chariot_n be_v come_v to_o the_o capitol_n for_o there_o by_o the_o ancient_a custom_n the_o conqueror_n be_v to_o stay_v till_o tiding_n be_v bring_v of_o the_o death_n of_o that_o great_a commander_n who_o he_o lead_v in_o triumph_n who_o have_v a_o halter_n cast_v about_o he_o be_v present_o draw_v into_o the_o marketplace_n his_o keeper_n whip_v he_o forward_o for_o in_o that_o place_n by_o the_o custom_n of_o the_o roman_n such_o as_o be_v condemn_v for_o capital_a crime_n be_v put_v to_o death_n and_o there_o execute_v so_o soon_o then_o as_o it_o be_v declare_v unto_o the_o emperor_n that_o his_o enemy_n be_v dead_a they_o immediate_o proceed_v to_o perform_v all_o other_o the_o rite_n that_o be_v in_o those_o case_n provide_v very_o joyful_o ver._n orat._n in_o ver._n the_o very_a same_o ceremony_n do_v cicero_n also_o recite_v in_o his_o oration_n concern_v punishment_n concern_v great_a commander_n thus_o execute_v history_n afford_v we_o example_n enough_o and_o some_o few_o of_o king_n also_o as_o of_o aristonicus_n jugurth_n artabasdus_n i_o shall_v be_v loath_a to_o revive_v this_o obsolete_a custom_n dion_n jos_n ant._n l._n 5._o c._n 1._o dion_n yet_o we_o read_v that_o joshua_n put_v to_o death_n those_o king_n that_o he_o take_v captive_n and_o dion_n relate_v of_o sossius_n that_o he_o whip_v antigonus_n with_o rod_n after_o be_v have_v fasten_v he_o to_o his_o cross_n but_o withal_o the_o same_o historian_n wise_o add_v which_o no_o king_n ever_o suffer_v by_o any_o of_o the_o roman_a conqueror_n the_o same_o history_n we_o may_v also_o read_v in_o josephus_n 15._o ant._n l._n 15._o eutropius_n likewise_o record_v it_o of_o maximianus_n herculius_n that_o have_v slay_v the_o franc_n and_o almain_n and_o take_v their_o king_n captive_n he_o expose_v they_o to_o be_v devour_v by_o wild_a beast_n so_o do_v ammianus_n concern_v a_o king_n of_o the_o almain_n who_o be_v take_v captive_a be_v crucify_v yet_o even_o among_o the_o roman_n there_o be_v divers_a king_n beside_o perseus_n that_o escape_v the_o severity_n of_o that_o custom_n as_o syphax_n gentius_n juba_n and_o in_o the_o time_n of_o the_o caesar_n caractius_n and_o other_o whence_o it_o may_v appear_v that_o the_o roman_n though_o as_o cicero_n and_o other_o blame_v they_o for_o be_v too_o severe_a in_o this_o case_n have_v always_o some_o respect_n both_o to_o the_o cause_n of_o the_o war_n and_o also_o to_o the_o manner_n of_o its_o prosecution_n when_o they_o thus_o punish_v they_o and_o therefore_o it_o be_v no_o ill_a advice_n that_o m._n aemilius_n paulus_n give_v to_o the_o roman_a senate_n in_o the_o case_n of_o perseus_n si_fw-mi nihil_fw-la humani_fw-la metuerent_fw-la at_o divinam_fw-la vindictam_fw-la timerent_fw-la iis_fw-la imminentem_fw-la qui_fw-la victoriâ_fw-la insolentius_fw-la utuntur_fw-la though_o they_o stand_v not_o in_o awe_n of_o any_o humane_a power_n yet_o they_o shall_v do_v well_o to_o fear_v the_o anger_n of_o the_o god_n who_o never_o fail_v to_o avenge_v themselves_o on_o those_o who_o abuse_v their_o favour_n with_o too_o much_o pride_n and_o insolency_n plutarch_n in_o the_o life_n of_o agis_n observe_v that_o in_o the_o grecian_a war_n such_o reverence_n be_v bear_v unto_o the_o office_n and_o dignity_n of_o a_o king_n that_o their_o very_a enemy_n dare_v not_o offer_v violence_n to_o the_o lacedaemonian_a king_n a_o enemy_n therefore_o that_o consider_v not_o what_o humane_a law_n permit_v to_o be_v do_v but_o what_o in_o equity_n he_o ought_v to_o do_v or_o what_o religion_n and_o piety_n require_v to_o be_v do_v forbear_v the_o shed_n of_o the_o blood_n even_o of_o his_o enemy_n neither_o will_v he_o sentence_v any_o man_n to_o death_n unless_o it_o be_v to_o preserve_v life_n or_o livelihood_n to_o himself_o or_o for_o such_o personal_a crime_n as_o by_o the_o law_n of_o god_n or_o man_n deserve_v death_n yea_o and_o though_o some_o
sex_n and_o those_o of_o feeble_a age_n and_o offer_v violence_n to_o none_o but_o to_o such_o as_o resist_v now_o that_o compassion_n which_o seem_v to_o have_v be_v in_o all_o age_n take_v of_o infant_n and_o such_o as_o have_v not_o yet_o attain_v to_o the_o use_n of_o reason_n be_v for_o the_o most_o part_n show_v unto_o woman_n that_o be_v if_o they_o have_v do_v nothing_o in_o their_o own_o person_n that_o may_v particular_o deserve_v punishment_n or_o if_o they_o have_v not_o personal_o perform_v such_o service_n as_o proper_o belong_v to_o soldier_n only_o for_o as_o statius_n note_n it_o be_v sexus_fw-la rudis_fw-la insciusque_fw-la ferri_fw-la a_o sex_n that_o be_v ignorant_a and_o unfit_a for_o war._n as_o the_o captain_n in_o seneca_n tragedy_n demand_v of_o nero_n who_o have_v term_v octavia_n a_o enemy_n foemina_fw-la hoc_fw-la nomen_fw-la capit_fw-la can_v a_o woman_n be_v so_o call_v for_o which_o cause_n tucca_n and_o varus_n think_v it_o fit_a to_o expunge_v those_o two_o verse_n in_o the_o second_o of_o virgil_n aenead_n where_o aeneas_n consult_v about_o the_o put_n of_o helen_n to_o death_n it_o be_v a_o magnanimous_a speech_n of_o the_o great_a alexander_n in_o curtius_n it_o be_v not_o my_o custom_n to_o make_v war_n against_o captive_n and_o woman_n armatus_fw-la sit_fw-la oportet_fw-la quem_fw-la oderim_fw-la he_o must_v be_v arm_v who_o i_o look_v at_o as_o a_o enemy_n so_o grypus_n in_o justine_n deny_v that_o either_o he_o or_o any_o of_o his_o ancestor_n in_o all_o their_o war_n foreign_a or_o civil_a do_v ever_o after_o the_o victory_n obtain_v exercise_v their_o cruelty_n upon_o woman_n who_o their_o very_a sex_n do_v sufficient_o guard_v as_o well_o from_o the_o peril_n of_o war_n as_o from_o the_o rage_n of_o the_o conqueror_n and_o so_o do_v he_o in_o tacitus_n profess_v of_o himself_o that_o he_o never_o make_v war_n against_o woman_n nor_o against_o any_o other_o but_o such_o as_o he_o find_v arm_v to_o resist_v he_o valerius_n maximus_n relate_v the_o barbarous_a outrage_n 1._o l._n 9_o c._n 1._o which_o munatius_n flaccus_n exercise_v on_o woman_n and_o child_n call_v it_o ffferatam_fw-la crudelitatem_fw-la &_o auditu_fw-la etiam_fw-la intolerabilem_fw-la a_o savage_a cruelty_n and_o not_o with_o any_o patience_n to_o be_v hear_v the_o carthaginian_n as_o diodorus_n testify_v at_o salinae_n destroy_v not_o the_o woman_n and_o infant_n only_o 13._o lib._n 13._o without_o the_o least_o sense_n of_o humanity_n but_o their_o very_a beast_n also_o which_o he_o elsewhere_o call_v a_o act_n of_o cruelty_n now_o what_o latinus_n pacatus_n say_v of_o woman_n that_o they_o be_v sexus_fw-la cvi_fw-la bella_fw-la parcunt_fw-la a_o sex_n always_o favour_v in_o war._n the_o like_a do_v papinus_n say_v of_o old_a man_n that_o they_o be_v nullis_fw-la violabilis_fw-la armis_fw-la turba_n senes_fw-la a_o sort_n of_o people_n that_o no_o arm_n can_v hurt_v x._o priest_n and_o student_n to_o be_v spare_v what_o we_o have_v say_v of_o woman_n and_o child_n may_v also_o be_v say_v of_o all_o man_n general_o who_o manner_n of_o life_n be_v altogether_o abhorrent_n from_o deed_n of_o arm_n jure_fw-la belli_n in_o armatos_fw-la repugnantesque_fw-la caedes_fw-la by_o that_o right_n of_o war_n which_o be_v most_o agreeable_a to_o the_o law_n of_o nature_n they_o only_o be_v to_o perish_v by_o the_o sword_n who_o have_v actual_o take_v up_o the_o sword_n 3_o livy_n l._n 28._o ant._n 12._o c_o 3_o where_o there_o be_v no_o power_n to_o resist_v there_o can_v be_v no_o cause_n of_o revenge_n so_o josephus_n it_o be_v but_o just_a and_o equal_a that_o they_o that_o take_v up_o arm_n shall_v be_v punish_v by_o arm_n but_o the_o innocent_a shall_v always_o be_v indemnify_v thus_o camillus_n in_o livy_n when_o he_o have_v take_v veji_n 5._o lib._n 5._o command_v his_o soldier_n to_o spare_v every_o man_n who_o they_o find_v unarm_v and_o among_o these_o they_o be_v in_o the_o first_o place_n to_o be_v spare_v who_o be_v conversant_a about_o thing_n sacred_a and_o holy_a for_o ancient_o it_o be_v the_o general_a custom_n of_o all_o nation_n to_o exempt_v such_o from_o bear_v arm_n and_o for_o that_o cause_n be_v they_o also_o privilege_v from_o the_o force_n of_o arm_n 10.5_o 〈◊〉_d 10.5_o for_o see_v they_o can_v do_v no_o violence_n therefore_o be_v no_o violence_n do_v unto_o they_o though_o the_o philistine_n be_v mortal_a enemy_n to_o the_o jew_n yet_o do_v they_o forbear_v to_o use_v any_o violence_n to_o the_o college_n of_o the_o prophet_n at_o gaba_n so_o we_o read_v of_o david_n that_o he_o flee_v with_o samuel_n to_o another_o place_n where_o there_o be_v such_o another_o college_n of_o prophet_n as_o to_o a_o place_n of_o refuge_n against_o all_o hostile_a violence_n 1_o sam._n 19.18_o hircanus_n when_o he_o besiege_v jerusalem_n send_v sacrifice_n to_o the_o temple_n as_o the_o jew_n testify_v and_o the_o goth_n be_v commend_v by_o procopius_n for_o spare_v the_o priest_n that_o belong_v to_o the_o church_n of_o st_n peter_n and_o st_n paul_n be_v situate_a without_o the_o wall_n of_o rome_n graec._n quaest_n graec._n plutarch_n record_v it_o of_o the_o cretan_n that_o though_o they_o be_v embroil_v in_o civil_a war_n yet_o do_v all_o party_n carry_v themselves_o inoffensive_o towards_o their_o priest_n and_o towards_o those_o that_o have_v the_o charge_n of_o burn_v the_o dead_a 8._o lib._n 8._o it_o be_v observe_v by_o strabo_n that_o when_o all_o greece_n be_v harass_v with_o intestine_a war_n the_o aeleans_n be_v consecrate_v to_o jupiter_n together_o with_o those_o that_o come_v to_o sojourn_v with_o they_o live_v in_o great_a peace_n and_o security_n and_o servius_n upon_o the_o seven_o of_o virgil_n aenead_n speak_v of_o a_o reverend_n old_a priest_n say_v eum_n defendebat_fw-la à _fw-la bello_fw-la si_fw-la non_fw-la aetas_n saltem_fw-la religio_fw-la sacerdotis_fw-la that_o he_o be_v privilege_v from_o all_o violence_n 4._o polyb._n l._n 4._o if_o not_o by_o his_o age_n yet_o in_o respect_n of_o his_o priesthood_n in_o like_a manner_n also_o they_o that_o go_v up_o to_o try_v their_o fortune_n at_o the_o olympian_a pythian_a nemaean_a and_o isthmian_a game_n though_o it_o be_v in_o the_o time_n of_o war_n arat._n thucyd._n l._n 5._o &_o 8_o plut._n arat._n be_v on_o all_o side_n protect_v the_o like_a privilege_n and_o immunity_n from_o the_o calamity_n of_o war_n be_v due_a unto_o such_o as_o though_o no_o priest_n yet_o do_v voluntary_o sequester_v themselves_o from_o worldly_a affair_n give_v themselves_o up_o whole_o to_o piety_n and_o devotion_n for_o who_o the_o ecclesiastical_a canon_n ground_v upon_o natural_a equity_n do_v make_v the_o same_o provision_n as_o they_o do_v for_o priest_n to_o these_o also_o we_o may_v add_v those_o who_o spend_v their_o time_n in_o either_o the_o invention_n or_o perfection_n of_o such_o art_n as_o be_v useful_a or_o necessary_a for_o humane_a society_n wherefore_o protogenes_n be_v demand_v by_o demetrius_n how_o he_o dare_v trust_v himself_o without_o the_o wall_n of_o rhodes_n answer_v that_o he_o know_v demetrius_n war_v against_o the_o rhodian_o not_o against_o arts._n xi_o 〈◊〉_d husband_n next_o unto_o these_o be_v husbandman_n who_o be_v also_o provide_v for_o by_o the_o canon_n diodorus_n siculus_n record_v this_o in_o honour_n of_o the_o indian_n that_o in_o their_o war_n they_o that_o be_v soldier_n do_v kill_v anâ—_n destroy_v one_o another_o without_o mercy_n but_o such_o as_o be_v employ_v in_o husbandry_n they_o never_o molest_v 2._o 〈◊〉_d 2._o as_o be_v benefactor_n in_o common_a to_o all_o party_n the_o like_a do_v plutarch_n testify_v of_o the_o ancient_a corinthian_n and_o megarenses_n nemo_fw-la agricolas_fw-la ullo_fw-la afficiebat_fw-la malo_fw-la not_o one_o of_o they_o will_v wrong_v a_o husbandman_n 5._o â—yâ—opad_a l._n 5._o thus_o favourable_a be_v cyrus_n in_o xenophon_n as_o appear_v by_o the_o m_n ssage_n he_o send_v to_o the_o king_n of_o assyria_n wherein_o he_o tell_v he_o that_o he_o be_v very_o willing_a that_o husbandman_n shall_v follow_v their_o calling_n without_o any_o disturbance_n and_o it_o be_v a_o very_a honourable_a testimony_n that_o suidas_n give_v of_o belisarius_n and_o worthy_a of_o all_o man_n imitation_n that_o he_o be_v so_o great_a a_o friend_n to_o husbandman_n and_o take_v such_o care_n for_o their_o indemnity_n that_o whilst_o he_o command_v the_o army_n 3._o goth._n l._n 3._o no_o soldier_n dare_v ever_o injure_v they_o the_o like_a testimony_n do_v procopius_n give_v of_o he_o xii_o and_o merchant_n and_o the_o like_a next_o unto_o husbandman_n the_o canon_n provide_v for_o merchant_n and_o not_o only_o for_o such_o as_o be_v factor_n and_o sojourner_n in_o the_o enemy_n country_n for_o a_o while_n but_o for_o such_o as_o be_v perpetual_a subject_n because_o the_o course_n of_o these_o man_n life_n be_v altogether_o averse_a
fortuitae_fw-la pugnae_fw-la they_o make_v but_o very_o few_o excursion_n and_o fight_v as_o few_o battle_n but_o upon_o advantage_n upon_o which_o account_n it_o be_v that_o plutarch_n deserve_o censure_v demetrius_n who_o rash_o expose_v his_o army_n to_o unnecessary_a danger_n rather_o out_o of_o vain_a ostentation_n than_o hope_n of_o gain_n chap._n xii_o moderation_n in_o the_o spoil_n of_o a_o enemy_n country_n i._o what_o waist_n be_v just_a and_o how_o far_o forth_o it_o be_v so_o ii_o thing_n profitable_a unto_o we_o and_o out_o of_o the_o enemy_n power_n not_o to_o be_v waste_v iii_o nor_n in_o case_n there_o be_v great_a hope_n of_o a_o speedy_a victory_n iu._n nor_o if_o the_o enemy_n may_v sustain_v themselves_o without_o they_o from_o other_o part_n v._o if_o the_o thing_n to_o be_v destroy_v be_v of_o no_o use_n to_o the_o maintenance_n of_o the_o war._n vi_o as_o those_o thing_n that_o be_v sacred_a or_o thereunto_o belong_v vii_o so_o likewise_o those_o that_o be_v religious_a viii_o the_o benefit_n that_o attend_v such_o a_o moderation_n observe_v i._o what_o spoil_n be_v just_a and_o how_o far_o forth_o that_o one_o man_n may_v destroy_v the_o thing_n of_o another_o without_o injustice_n it_o be_v necessary_a that_o one_o of_o these_o three_o thing_n shall_v proceed_v either_o such_o a_o necessity_n as_o may_v be_v presume_v to_o have_v be_v except_v in_o the_o institution_n of_o primary_n right_o or_o dominion_n as_o when_o a_o man_n mere_o to_o avoid_v some_o imminent_a danger_n to_o himself_o shall_v cast_v the_o sword_n of_o a_o madman_n into_o a_o river_n yet_o even_o in_o such_o a_o case_n there_o remain_v a_o obligation_n to_o make_v restitution_n to_o the_o full_a value_n according_a to_o the_o opinion_n of_o the_o best_a author_n as_o we_o have_v elsewhere_o declare_v or_o second_o there_o proceed_v some_o debt_n 9_o lib._n 2._o c_o 2._o §._o 9_o which_o arise_v from_o some_o inequality_n and_o than_o that_o which_o be_v waste_v be_v so_o understand_v as_o if_o it_o have_v be_v take_v in_o satisfaction_n of_o that_o debt_n for_o otherwise_o it_o will_v not_o be_v just_a or_o three_o there_o must_v proceed_v some_o crime_n or_o wrong_n do_v that_o may_v deserve_v such_o a_o punishment_n or_o which_o such_o a_o punishment_n do_v not_o in_o proportion_n exceed_v for_o as_o it_o be_v well_o observe_v by_o a_o judicious_a divine_a it_o can_v stand_v with_o equity_n or_o right_a reason_n 56._o vict._n de_fw-fr jure_fw-la belli_n n._n 52._o &_o 56._o that_o a_o whole_a kingdom_n shall_v be_v waste_v because_o some_o herd_n of_o cattle_n have_v be_v drive_v away_o or_o some_o house_n or_o village_n burn_v which_o also_o be_v acknowledge_v by_o polybius_n who_o will_v not_o have_v punishment_n by_o war_n multiply_v without_o end_n or_o measure_n but_o rather_o that_o all_o injury_n shall_v be_v expiate_v by_o punishment_n proportionable_a and_o for_o these_o cause_n and_o within_o these_o bound_n and_o limit_n a_o enemy_n country_n may_v be_v spoil_v and_o waste_v without_o injustice_n but_o otherwise_o unless_o it_o be_v for_o some_o great_a advantage_n to_o do_v another_o man_n hurt_n and_o to_o gain_v thereby_o nothing_o be_v but_o mere_a folly_n 6._o srat._n c._n 6._o therefore_o wise_a man_n be_v usual_o sway_v by_o matter_n of_o profit_n whereof_o the_o principal_a be_v that_o note_v by_o onesander_n where_o he_o advise_v a_o prince_n to_o destroy_v burn_v and_o lie_v waste_v his_o enemy_n country_n because_o say_v he_o a_o scarcity_n of_o money_n and_o victual_n will_v soon_o shorten_v the_o war_n as_o plenty_n will_v prolong_v it_o 4._o herod_n lib._n 1._o pol._n lib._n 4._o front_n strat._n 3._o c._n 4._o consonant_a whereunto_o be_v that_o of_o proclus_n it_o be_v the_o duty_n of_o a_o good_a general_n to_o cut_v off_o forage_v from_o his_o enemy_n and_o provision_n from_o every_o side_n so_o think_v curtius_n of_o darius_n that_o have_v nothing_o to_o feed_v himself_o and_o his_o army_n with_o but_o what_o he_o must_v get_v by_o rapine_n and_o spoil_n he_o must_v needs_o at_o length_n be_v overcome_v by_o want_n and_o famine_n now_o that_o spoil_n and_o devastation_n may_v easy_o be_v dispense_v withal_o which_o soon_o enforce_v a_o enemy_n to_o sue_v for_o peace_n philo_z the_o jew_n in_o his_o book_n of_o a_o contemplative_a life_n say_v they_o that_o be_v in_o arm_n do_v â—sually_o destroy_v and_o lay_v waste_v their_o enemy_n country_n ut_fw-mi host_n eo_fw-la facilius_fw-la se_fw-la dedant_fw-la rerum_fw-la necessarium_fw-la penuria_fw-la that_o so_o be_v punish_v by_o famine_n they_o may_v without_o the_o hazard_n of_o a_o battle_n be_v compel_v to_o yield_v themselves_o to_o the_o conqueror_n after_o this_o manner_n do_v the_o halyattes_n make_v war_n upon_o the_o milesian_n the_o thracian_n against_o the_o byzantine_n the_o roman_n against_o the_o campane_n capenate_n spaniard_n legurians_n nervian_o and_o other_o but_o if_o we_o will_v diligent_o observe_v how_o our_o modern_a war_n be_v manage_v we_o shall_v find_v that_o such_o devastation_n be_v now_o a_o day_n make_v more_o out_o of_o hatred_n than_o any_o prudent_a council_n for_o it_o so_o fall_v out_o ofttimes_o that_o either_o those_o reason_n which_o will_v persuade_v we_o thereunto_o do_v cease_v or_o those_o that_o dissuade_v we_o from_o it_o be_v more_o forceable_a ii_o no_o waste_n of_o thing_n profitable_a to_o we_o and_o without_o the_o reach_n of_o the_o enemy_n and_o this_o in_o the_o first_o place_n happen_v when_o that_o part_n of_o the_o country_n which_o yield_v profit_n be_v so_o in_o our_o possession_n that_o the_o enemy_n can_v reap_v no_o benefit_n by_o it_o and_o hereunto_o do_v the_o divine_a law_n proper_o look_v when_o it_o permit_v wild_a and_o unfruitful_a tree_n to_o be_v cut_v down_o to_o make_v engine_n for_o war_n but_o command_v such_o as_o be_v fruitful_a to_o be_v preserve_v for_o food_n magist_n food_n deut._n 20.19_o de_fw-fr creation_n magist_n add_v this_o reason_n because_o tree_n can_v rise_v up_o in_o arm_n against_o we_o as_o man_n may_v which_o precept_n philo_n by_o a_o parity_n of_o reason_n enlarge_v to_o field_n and_o other_o land_n that_o be_v fruitful_a affix_v these_o word_n thereunto_o quid_fw-la rebus_fw-la inanimis_fw-la quae_fw-la &_o mite_n sunt_fw-la &_o mite_n fructus_fw-la ferunt_fw-la irasceris_fw-la why_o be_v thou_o angry_a with_o thing_n inanimate_a especial_o with_o such_o as_o be_v in_o themselves_o gentle_a and_o that_o yield_v sweet_a and_o delectable_a fruit_n unto_o other_o do_v they_o like_o man_n express_v any_o menace_a sign_n of_o hostility_n against_o thou_o for_o which_o they_o deserve_v to_o be_v eradicate_v be_v they_o not_o much_o more_o profitable_a to_o the_o conqueror_n whilst_o they_o live_v and_o bear_v fruit_n than_o when_o they_o shall_v be_v tear_v up_o do_v they_o not_o yield_v thou_o plenty_n of_o thing_n not_o only_o for_o necessity_n but_o for_o delight_n and_o pleasure_n for_o tree_n and_o field_n as_o well_o as_o man_n do_v in_o their_o respective_a season_n pay_v tribute_n to_o the_o conqueror_n yea_o and_o much_o better_a be_v so_o necessary_a that_o we_o can_v no_o way_n live_v without_o they_o and_o in_o another_o place_n he_o commend_v the_o equity_n of_o moses_n in_o restrain_v the_o licence_n of_o soldier_n from_o destroy_v tree_n bear_v fruit_n or_o corn_n before_o it_o be_v ripe_a adjudge_v it_o very_o unjust_a iram_fw-la in_o homines_fw-la conceptam_fw-la erogari_fw-la in_o ea_fw-la quae_fw-la causa_fw-la mali_fw-la nullius_fw-la sunt_fw-la that_o our_o indignation_n against_o man_n shall_v be_v exercise_v upon_o thing_n that_o do_v no_o way_n hurt_v we_o beside_o see_v that_o all_o sublunary_a thing_n be_v mutable_a and_o that_o nothing_o long_o continue_v in_o the_o same_o state_n wherein_o now_o it_o be_v some_o provision_n ought_v in_o prudence_n to_o be_v make_v for_o the_o future_a possible_a it_o be_v that_o they_o that_o be_v now_o most_o bitter_o enrage_v against_o we_o may_v upon_o debate_n and_o conference_n have_v become_v our_o friend_n and_o ally_n and_o then_o we_o will_v easy_o confess_v that_o amicos_fw-la necessariis_fw-la fraudare_fw-la durum_fw-la est_fw-la to_o defraud_v our_o friend_n of_o necessary_n be_v very_o hard_a it_o be_v very_o true_a what_o from_o our_o ancestor_n we_o have_v receive_v we_o ought_v so_o to_o trust_v our_o friend_n as_o if_o at_o some_o time_n or_o other_o they_o may_v be_v our_o enemy_n that_o be_v that_o every_o man_n ought_v to_o reserve_v something_o within_o his_o own_o breast_n of_o what_o near_o concern_v himself_o whereby_o to_o provide_v for_o his_o own_o safety_n and_o not_o so_o whole_o to_o discover_v himself_o by_o his_o word_n or_o action_n as_o that_o he_o may_v one_o day_n repent_v himself_o by_o reason_n of_o the_o vehemency_n of_o either_o passion_n and_o blame_v his_o own_o rashness_n when_o it_o be_v too_o
we_o make_v not_o the_o act_n void_a thus_o the_o old_a pimp_n in_o terence_n leno_fw-la sum_fw-la fateor_fw-la pernity_n communis_fw-la adolescentûm_fw-la perjurus_fw-la pestis_fw-la tamen_fw-la tibi_fw-la à _fw-la i_o nulla_fw-la est_fw-la orta_fw-la injuria_fw-la a_o bawd_n i_o be_o youth_n be_v common_a pest_n it_o be_v know_v perjure_a yet_o wrong_v by_o i_o thou_o have_v have_v none_o it_o be_v no_o ill_a plea_n then_o that_o nabis_n in_o livy_n make_v when_o his_o tyranny_n be_v object_v against_o he_o by_o quintius_n flaminius_n concern_v the_o name_n tyrant_n i_o answer_v that_o whatsoever_o i_o be_o i_o be_o the_o very_a same_o i_o be_v when_o thou_o o_o titus_n quintius_n enterd_v in_o league_n with_o i_o and_o by_o and_o by_o these_o thing_n whatsoever_o they_o be_v i_o do_v when_o you_o contract_v friendship_n with_o i_o whereunto_o he_o present_o add_v si_fw-la quid_fw-la ego_fw-la mut_n âssem_fw-la mihi_fw-la inconstantiae_fw-la meae_fw-la cum_fw-la vos_fw-la mutetis_fw-la vobis_fw-la vestrae_fw-la ratio_fw-la reddenda_fw-la est_fw-la if_o i_o have_v change_v i_o ought_v to_o have_v give_v the_o reason_n of_o my_o inconstancy_n but_o see_v it_o be_v you_o that_o change_n you_o ought_v to_o give_v the_o reason_n of_o you_o not_o much_o unlike_a unto_o this_o be_v the_o answer_n that_o pericles_n in_o thucydides_n give_v unto_o his_o subject_n our_o confederate_n we_o shall_v permit_v to_o enjoy_v their_o own_o freedom_n and_o to_o live_v by_o their_o own_o law_n if_o they_o do_v so_o when_o they_o first_o enter_v into_o league_n with_o we_o iv_o fear_v not_o to_o be_v object_v if_o the_o promiser_n be_v not_o himself_o affright_v another_o objection_n may_v be_v make_v which_o i_o have_v heretofore_o hint_v 7._o hint_v lib._n 2._o c._n 11._o §_o 7._o namely_o that_o he_o that_o by_o fear_n have_v extort_a a_o promise_n aught_o in_o justice_n to_o release_v the_o promiser_n as_o have_v by_o his_o injustice_n damnify_v he_o that_o be_v by_o such_o a_o act_n as_o be_v repugnant_a both_o to_o the_o nature_n of_o humane_a liberty_n and_o to_o the_o nature_n of_o the_o act_n itself_o for_o all_o promise_n that_o bound_v aught_o to_o be_v free_a this_o though_o in_o some_o case_n true_a yet_o be_v not_o to_o be_v extend_v to_o all_o promise_n that_o be_v make_v to_o thief_n for_o that_o the_o promise_v be_v bind_v to_o free_v the_o promiser_n it_o be_v requisite_a that_o he_o to_o who_o the_o promise_n be_v make_v shall_v have_v extort_a the_o promise_n by_o a_o unjust_a fear_n but_o in_o case_n a_o man_n shall_v come_v and_o promise_v to_o pay_v the_o ransom_n of_o his_o friend_n and_o thereby_o deliver_v he_o out_o of_o bondage_n he_o be_v bind_v to_o perform_v it_o because_o there_o be_v no_o impression_n of_o fear_n upon_o this_o man_n who_o in_o the_o behalf_n of_o his_o friend_n come_v voluntary_o to_o make_v this_o contract_n v._o what_o if_o the_o promise_n be_v bind_v by_o oath_n whereunto_o we_o may_v add_v that_o he_o that_o be_v compel_v even_o by_o a_o unjust_a fear_n to_o make_v a_o promise_n may_v be_v oblige_v to_o perform_v it_o if_o he_o confirm_v that_o promise_n with_o a_o oath_n for_o thereby_o as_o we_o have_v show_v before_o he_o stand_v bind_v not_o unto_o man_n only_o but_o unto_o god_n against_o who_o no_o exception_n can_v be_v admit_v but_o true_a it_o be_v notwithstanding_o that_o by_o such_o a_o sole_a promise_n though_o confirm_v by_o oath_n the_o heir_n of_o the_o promiser_n stand_v not_o oblige_v for_o those_o thing_n only_o descend_v to_o the_o heir_n which_o by_o the_o original_a right_n of_o dominion_n may_v pass_v from_o man_n to_o man_n in_o ordinary_a traffic_n but_o those_o thing_n that_o be_v due_a unto_o god_n can_v as_o such_o be_v include_v among_o these_o moreover_o here_o we_o must_v again_o repeat_v what_o we_o before_o deliver_v 10._o lib._n 3._o c._n 4._o §._o 10._o that_o if_o a_o man_n do_v haply_o break_v his_o faith_n with_o a_o thief_n whether_o swear_v or_o unsworn_a he_o shall_v thereby_o incur_v no_o punishment_n among_o other_o nation_n for_o general_o all_o nation_n in_o detestation_n of_o these_o man_n who_o they_o account_v as_o common_a enemy_n to_o humane_a society_n be_v please_v to_o connive_v at_o whatsoever_o be_v though_o unjust_o do_v against_o they_o vi_o this_o apply_v to_o subject_n that_o make_v war._n but_o what_o shall_v we_o say_v concern_v the_o war_n that_o subject_n make_v against_o their_o king_n or_o against_o such_o as_o have_v the_o supreme_a authority_n though_o they_o may_v haply_o have_v a_o cause_n not_o in_o itself_o altogether_o unjust_a yet_o that_o they_o can_v have_v no_o right_a to_o act_v by_o force_n against_o their_o prince_n we_o have_v elsewhere_o show_v 4._o show_v lib._n 1._o c._n 4._o but_o yet_o it_o sometime_o so_o happen_v that_o either_o their_o cause_n be_v so_o notorious_o unjust_a or_o their_o obstinacy_n in_o resist_v so_o great_a that_o it_o may_v be_v severe_o punish_v but_o yet_o if_o they_o be_v treat_v with_o as_o rebel_n or_o traitor_n and_o therein_o any_o promise_n make_v unto_o they_o the_o punishment_n though_o just_o due_a for_o their_o treason_n ought_v not_o to_o be_v plead_v in_o bar_n to_o the_o performance_n of_o that_o promise_n for_o such_o be_v the_o piety_n of_o the_o ancient_n that_o they_o dare_v not_o break_v their_o faith_n no_o not_o with_o their_o very_a slave_n as_o may_v appear_v by_o the_o lacedaemonian_n 7._o aelian_a 6_o 7._o who_o be_v general_o believe_v to_o have_v be_v just_o punish_v for_o put_v their_o tenarensian_a prisoner_n to_o death_n contrary_a to_o their_o covenant_n and_o it_o be_v likewise_o observe_v by_o diodorus_n 11._o lib._n 11._o that_o the_o faith_n give_v to_o slave_n in_o the_o temple_n of_o the_o palici_n be_v never_o break_v by_o any_o of_o their_o lord_n neither_o will_v any_o exception_n of_o fear_n be_v allow_v of_o in_o this_o case_n if_o the_o faith_n give_v be_v by_o oath_n confirm_v as_o we_o may_v collect_v from_o m._n pomponius_n the_o tribune_n of_o the_o people_n 37._o sen._n the_o benef_n l._n 3._o c._n 37._o who_o be_v bind_v by_o oath_n punctual_o perform_v what_o he_o have_v though_o compel_v by_o fear_n promise_v to_o l._n manlius_n vii_o of_o promise_n make_v by_o sovereign_a prince_n unto_o their_o subject_n but_o a_o great_a difficulty_n than_o any_o before_o mention_v may_v arise_v from_o the_o legislative_a power_n and_o from_o that_o supereminent_a right_n of_o dominion_n which_o every_o city_n have_v over_o the_o thing_n of_o their_o citizen_n and_o which_o be_v exercise_v in_o its_o name_n by_o he_o who_o have_v the_o supreme_a power_n therein_o which_o supereminent_a right_n if_o it_o extend_v itself_o to_o all_o that_o be_v the_o subject_n why_o shall_v it_o not_o likewise_o unto_o that_o right_n which_o arise_v from_o any_o promise_n make_v in_o war_n which_o be_v grant_v than_o it_o shall_v seem_v that_o all_o such_o promise_n and_o agreement_n may_v be_v null_v and_o so_o all_o hope_n of_o conclude_v a_o war_n unless_o by_o victory_n will_v be_v lose_v but_o on_o the_o contrary_a we_o must_v observe_v that_o this_o superlative_a right_n be_v not_o fit_a to_o be_v put_v in_o execution_n promiscuous_o at_o all_o time_n but_o so_o far_o forth_o as_o it_o be_v common_o expedient_a to_o the_o preservation_n of_o the_o public_a safety_n in_o a_o government_n not_o tyrannical_a but_o civil_a yea_o even_o regal_a but_o for_o the_o most_o part_n it_o be_v common_o expedient_a that_o all_o such_o promise_n and_o agreement_n shall_v be_v fulfil_v very_o apposite_a to_o this_o purpose_n be_v that_o which_o we_o have_v already_o write_v concern_v the_o defence_n of_o the_o present_a government_n add_v thereunto_o that_o where_o the_o public_a safety_n require_v that_o this_o sovereign_n right_o shall_v be_v make_v use_n of_o satisfaction_n ought_v to_o be_v give_v out_o of_o the_o public_a to_o such_o particular_a person_n as_o shall_v be_v thereby_o damnify_v as_o shall_v be_v hereafter_o more_o full_o explain_v viii_o that_o such_o promise_n may_v be_v confirm_v by_o the_o oath_n of_o the_o city_n moreover_o agreement_n may_v be_v confirm_v by_o oath_n and_o that_o not_o by_o the_o king_n or_o senate_n alone_o but_o by_o the_o whole_a body_n politic_a as_o lycurgus_n bind_v the_o lacedaemonian_n and_o solon_n the_o athenian_n by_o oath_n to_o observe_v the_o law_n they_o have_v give_v they_o and_o lest_o the_o change_n of_o citizen_n shall_v in_o time_n relax_v the_o bind_a power_n of_o this_o oath_n and_o so_o at_o length_n it_o be_v forget_v or_o leave_v arbitrary_a this_o oath_n may_v be_v every_o year_n renew_v which_o if_o do_v the_o citizen_n can_v by_o no_o mean_n recede_v from_o their_o engagement_n no_o though_o it_o be_v for_o their_o public_a profit_n for_o a_o city_n have_v
because_o as_o the_o same_o diony_n halicarnessensis_fw-la excellent_o observe_v 3._o observe_v lib._n 3._o non_fw-la tam_fw-la cogitandum_fw-la est_fw-la de_fw-la sarcienda_fw-la in_o praesens_fw-la amicitia_fw-la quam_fw-la id_fw-la curandum_fw-la ne_fw-la bello_fw-la iterum_fw-la implicemur_fw-la neque_fw-la enim_fw-la ad_fw-la differenda_fw-la sed_fw-la ad_fw-la auferenda_fw-la mala_fw-la convenimus_fw-la we_o be_v not_o so_o much_o to_o consider_v how_o to_o piece_v up_o a_o break_a friendship_n for_o the_o present_a as_o how_o to_o provide_v that_o we_o be_v not_o again_o entangle_v in_o the_o same_o war_n hereafter_o for_o our_o main_a design_n in_o this_o treaty_n be_v not_o to_o put_v off_o the_o misery_n of_o war_n but_o to_o take_v they_o quite_o away_o which_o last_o word_n be_v borrow_v from_o isocrates_n pace_fw-la orat._n pro_fw-la pace_fw-la xx._n thing_n take_v after_o the_o peace_n be_v make_v be_v to_o be_v restore_v the_o peace_n be_v once_o conclude_v and_o ratify_v it_o be_v expedient_a that_o whatsoever_o be_v take_v away_o afterward_o must_v be_v restore_v for_o from_o thenceforth_o all_o licence_n of_o war_n be_v take_v away_o xxi_o some_o caution_n concern_v the_o restore_n of_o thing_n take_v in_o war._n but_o among_o those_o article_n that_o concern_v the_o restitution_n of_o thing_n take_v in_o war_n those_o in_o the_o first_o place_n will_v admit_v of_o a_o large_a interpretation_n that_o be_v mutual_a than_o those_o that_o concern_v one_o party_n only_o and_o next_o those_o that_o respect_v prisoner_n be_v to_o be_v construe_v with_o more_o allowance_n of_o favour_n than_o those_o that_o respect_v thing_n and_o among_o those_o that_o respect_v thing_n those_o that_o have_v relation_n to_o land_n ought_v to_o be_v more_o favourable_o understand_v than_o those_o that_o relate_v to_o movable_n and_o even_o among_o these_o such_o as_o be_v in_o the_o possession_n of_o the_o common_a wealth_n than_o those_o in_o the_o possession_n of_o private_a man_n 2._o cic._n de_fw-fr offic._n l._n 2._o and_o among_o those_o article_n that_o command_v the_o restitution_n of_o thing_n in_o the_o possession_n of_o private_a man_n those_o be_v to_o be_v take_v in_o the_o large_a sense_n that_o be_v possess_v under_o a_o gainful_a than_o those_o under_o a_o chargeable_a title_n as_o thing_n buy_v with_o our_o money_n and_o thing_n hold_v in_o dowry_n by_o marriage_n xxii_o the_o profit_v restore_v with_o the_o thing_n to_o whosoever_o any_o thing_n be_v grant_v by_o article_n of_o peace_n to_o he_o also_o be_v grant_v all_o the_o fruit_n and_o profit_n thereof_o from_o the_o time_n of_o that_o concession_n but_o not_o before_o which_o augustus_n just_o defend_v against_o sextus_n pompeius_n who_o have_v peloponnesus_n grant_v unto_o he_o claim_v all_o the_o tribute_n that_o be_v in_o arrear_n for_o some_o year_n past_a before_o the_o time_n of_o that_o grant_n xxiii_o the_o name_n of_o country_n the_o name_n of_o country_n be_v to_o be_v take_v as_o they_o be_v at_o present_a use_v not_o so_o much_o by_o the_o common_a people_n as_o by_o such_o as_o be_v learned_a for_o by_o such_o only_o be_v these_o affair_n negotiate_v xxiv_o reference_n to_o some_o former_a agreement_n the_o aforesaid_a rule_n be_v of_o frequent_a use_n as_o often_o as_o reference_n be_v have_v to_o some_o precedent_n or_o ancient_a agreement_n for_o so_o often_o the_o quality_n and_o condition_n express_v in_o that_o agreement_n be_v suppose_v to_o be_v repâ—aâ—â—â—_n 248._o quintil._n dec._n 248._o and_o he_o shall_v be_v deem_v to_o have_v perform_v his_o agreement_n who_o be_v willing_a to_o have_v perform_v it_o have_v he_o not_o be_v hinder_v by_o another_o in_o who_o power_n it_o be_v to_o obstruct_v the_o performance_n of_o it_o xxv_o of_o delay_n but_o whereas_o some_o be_v of_o opinion_n that_o excuse_n may_v be_v admit_v for_o some_o short_a delay_n in_o the_o performance_n of_o a_o agreement_n this_o hold_v not_o true_a unless_o that_o delay_n be_v occasion_v by_o a_o unexpected_a and_o unavoidable_a necessity_n that_o some_o of_o our_o canon_n do_v seem_v to_o favour_v such_o purgâ—tions_n be_v no_o wonder_n see_v that_o it_o be_v their_o design_n to_o persuade_v christian_n to_o such_o thing_n as_o promote_v mutual_a charity_n but_o in_o this_o question_n that_o concern_v the_o interpretation_n of_o agreâ—ments_n we_o inquire_v not_o what_o be_v best_a no_o nor_o what_o either_o piety_n or_o religion_n require_v of_o we_o but_o what_o we_o may_v lawful_o be_v compel_v unto_o all_o which_o be_v to_o be_v determine_v by_o that_o justicâ—_n 〈◊〉_d wâ—_n call_v external_a xxvi_o the_o interpretation_n of_o word_n doubtful_a ought_v to_o favour_v the_o weak_a but_o where_o the_o word_n wâ—â—l_a bâ—aâ—_n a_o double_a sense_n that_o interpretation_n be_v most_o to_o be_v favour_v which_o make_v against_o he_o tâ—at_o impose_v law_n because_o he_o be_v usual_o the_o most_o potent_a party_n the_o power_n say_v hannibal_n be_v in_o he_o that_o give_v not_o in_o he_o that_o demand_v condition_n of_o peace_n as_o in_o other_o contract_n that_o be_v doubtful_a the_o interpretation_n ought_v to_o favour_v the_o buyer_n for_o the_o seller_n may_v blame_v himself_o that_o he_o do_v not_o full_o express_v himself_o but_o the_o other_o receive_v condition_n in_o word_n that_o will_v admit_v of_o divers_a sense_n have_v a_o right_a to_o accept_v of_o what_o be_v offer_v in_o that_o sense_n which_o be_v most_o favourable_a to_o himself_o tua_fw-la merx_fw-la persa_n persa_n tua_fw-la judicatio_fw-la est_fw-la say_v plautus_n it_o be_v in_o he_o to_o set_v the_o price_n that_o own_v the_o good_n in_o war_n he_o prescribe_v first_o that_o be_v most_o powerful_a but_o in_o demand_v condition_n he_o first_o speak_v that_o be_v the_o weak_a so_o silvius_n in_o plutarch_n eorum_fw-la est_fw-la prius_fw-la loqui_fw-la qui_fw-la opus_fw-la habent_fw-la pace_n victori_fw-la satis_fw-la est_fw-la tacere_fw-la let_v they_o speak_v first_o that_o stand_v in_o need_n of_o peace_n it_o be_v enough_o for_o the_o conqueror_n to_o be_v silent_a xxvii_o great_a difference_n between_o give_v cause_n of_o a_o new_a war_n and_o break_v the_o peace_n it_o it_o also_o frequent_o dispute_v when_o a_o peace_n may_v be_v say_v to_o be_v break_v for_o it_o be_v not_o one_o and_o the_o same_o thing_n to_o give_v a_o cause_n of_o war_n and_o to_o break_v a_o peace_n but_o between_o these_o two_o the_o difference_n be_v great_a as_o well_o to_o require_v punishment_n from_o the_o delinquent_n as_o to_o vindicate_v the_o faith_n of_o he_o against_o who_o the_o offence_n be_v commit_v in_o other_o matter_n now_o a_o peace_n may_v be_v break_v three_o several_a way_n first_o by_o do_v that_o which_o be_v contrary_a to_o all_o peace_n second_o in_o do_v contrary_a to_o that_o which_o be_v plain_o and_o express_o say_v in_o that_o peace_n three_o way_n peace_n break_v three_o way_n in_o do_v contrary_a to_o that_o which_o from_o the_o nature_n of_o every_o peace_n ought_v to_o be_v understand_v xxviii_o the_o first_o way_n of_o break_a peace_n first_o the_o peace_n be_v break_v when_o that_o be_v do_v which_o be_v contrary_a to_o all_o peace_n as_o when_o we_o be_v invade_v by_o force_n of_o arm_n there_o be_v no_o new_a cause_n of_o war_n which_o if_o with_o any_o probability_n it_o may_v be_v allege_v better_o it_o be_v so_o to_o understand_v it_o as_o if_o the_o war_n be_v simple_o unjust_a than_o that_o it_o shall_v be_v both_o unjust_a and_o also_o treacherous_a pacem_fw-la rumpunt_fw-la non_fw-la qui_fw-la vim_o vi_fw-la arcent_fw-la thucyd._n thucyd._n sed_fw-la qui_fw-la priores_fw-la vim_o inferunt_fw-la they_o break_v not_o the_o peace_n who_o repel_v force_n with_o force_n 29._o lib._n 29._o but_o they_o who_o first_o offer_v violence_n therefore_o ammianus_n speak_v of_o the_o roman_n say_v that_o they_o purposely_o give_v back_o because_o they_o will_v not_o be_v think_v the_o first_o aggressor_n yet_o afterward_o 2._o pers_n 2._o be_v urge_v thereunto_o by_o necessity_n they_o give_v battle_n willing_o so_o likewise_o procopius_n in_o that_o oration_n which_o armenius_n make_v to_o cosroes_n they_o say_v he_o be_v not_o always_o to_o be_v account_v the_o peace-breaker_n that_o be_v first_o in_o arm_n but_o they_o who_o during_o the_o league_n be_v find_v treacherous_a to_o their_o confederate_n 2._o vand._n lib._n 2._o thus_o also_o do_v the_o moor_n in_o procopius_n they_o break_v not_o their_o league_n who_o be_v first_o injure_v and_o public_o complain_v thereof_o in_o vain_a fly_v for_o succour_v unto_o other_o but_o they_o who_o first_o wrong_v those_o who_o they_o own_o as_o their_o associate_n neither_o do_v they_o make_v god_n their_o enemy_n who_o take_v nothing_o with_o they_o but_o their_o own_o fly_v unto_o other_o for_o protection_n but_o they_o who_o invade_v other_o man_n right_n do_v enforce_v they_o into_o war_n to_o defend_v their_o own_o this_o
last_v until_o some_o new_a declaration_n of_o the_o will_n of_o the_o donor_n shall_v rescind_v it_o for_o in_o a_o dubious_a case_n that_o which_o be_v deem_v sufficient_a to_o give_v a_o right_n shall_v be_v presume_v sufficient_a to_o continue_v it_o but_o yet_o not_o if_o he_o that_o grant_v it_o be_v disable_v any_o long_a to_o declare_v his_o pleasure_n as_o in_o case_n he_o be_v dead_a for_o than_o whatsoever_o depend_v bare_o upon_o the_o uncertainty_n of_o his_o will_n shall_v likewise_o cease_v as_o accident_n do_v when_o the_o substance_n fail_v xxii_o a_o pass_n imply_v protection_n a_o safe-pass_a be_v grant_v protection_n be_v due_a even_o beyond_o the_o territory_n of_o he_o that_o grant_v it_o because_o it_o ought_v to_o protect_v we_o against_o all_o the_o licence_n of_o war_n which_o of_o itself_o be_v not_o confine_v within_o the_o bound_n of_o any_o one_o prince_n dominion_n as_o we_o have_v elsewhere_o show_v 4_o bo._n 3._o ch_n 4_o xxiii_o the_o redemption_n of_o prisoner_n the_o redeem_n of_o captive_n be_v very_o much_o favour_v especial_o among_o christian_n it_o be_v a_o especial_a act_n of_o mercy_n commend_v unto_o we_o by_o the_o law_n of_o god_n redemptio_fw-la magnum_fw-la &_o praeclarum_fw-la justitiae_fw-la munus_fw-la be_v the_o word_n of_o lactantius_n the_o redeem_n of_o prisoner_n be_v a_o great_a and_o singular_a part_n of_o justice_n and_o in_o case_n it_o be_v from_o barbarian_n 28._o matt._n 25.36.39_o de_fw-fr offic._n l._n 2_o c._n 28._o it_o be_v by_o st._n ambrose_n reckon_v as_o the_o best_a and_o great_a liberality_n in_o the_o world_n and_o in_o that_o apology_n he_o make_v for_o himself_o and_o his_o church_n for_o the_o break_n in_o piece_n the_o consecrate_a vessel_n thereby_o to_o redeem_v the_o captive_n he_o affirm_v that_o ornatus_fw-la sacramentorum_fw-la est_fw-la redemptio_fw-la captivorum_fw-la the_o chief_a ornament_n to_o christian_a sacrament_n be_v the_o redeem_n of_o slave_n where_o also_o he_o have_v many_o other_o such_o excellent_a say_n to_o the_o same_o purpose_n st._n aug._n follow_v the_o example_n of_o st._n ambrose_n do_v the_o like_a though_o contrary_a to_o the_o carnal_a sense_n of_o some_o who_o therein_o oppose_v he_o as_o possidius_n relate_v the_o very_a same_o be_v record_v by_o hincmarus_n in_o the_o life_n of_o remigius_n and_o adamus_n in_o his_o ecclesiastical_a british_a history_n make_v honourable_a mention_n of_o the_o like_a fact_n do_v by_o rimbertus_n archbishop_n of_o breme_n and_o we_o likewise_o find_v it_o approve_v of_o by_o the_o six_o general_a synod_n who_o decree_n be_v recite_v by_o gratian_n namely_o 2._o causa_fw-la 12._o q._n 2._o that_o no_o bishop_n shall_v presume_v to_o alienate_v any_o of_o the_o consecrate_a vessel_n of_o their_o church_n unless_o for_o such_o cause_n as_o be_v of_o old_a approve_a of_o by_o the_o ancient_a canon_n of_o the_o church_n as_o for_o the_o redeem_n of_o captive_n and_o the_o like_a xxiv_o whether_o the_o redemption_n of_o prisoner_n may_v by_o any_o law_n be_v forbid_v be_v thus_o awe_v by_o so_o great_a authority_n i_o dare_v not_o absolute_o approve_v of_o those_o law_n which_o forbid_v the_o redemption_n of_o slave_n without_o a_o distinction_n such_o i_o mean_v as_o we_o may_v read_v of_o among_o the_o roman_n nulli_fw-la civitati_fw-la viliores_fw-la captivi_fw-la quà m_fw-la nostrae_fw-la there_o be_v no_o city_n so_o regardless_o of_o captive_n as_o we_o say_v a_o wise_a roman_a in_o open_a senate_n for_o which_o cause_n rome_n be_v call_v in_o livy_n civitas_n captivis_fw-la minime_fw-la indulgens_fw-la a_o city_n show_v little_a favour_n to_o captive_n that_o ode_n of_o horace_n be_v very_o well_o know_v where_o he_o condemn_v the_o ransome_v of_o prisoner_n as_o a_o opprobrious_a act_n a_o example_n of_o dangerous_a consequence_n and_o be_v a_o execrable_a fact_n encourage_v with_o a_o reward_n but_o what_o aristotle_n blame_v in_o the_o laconian_a be_v also_o usual_o blame_v in_o the_o roman_a government_n namely_o that_o all_o their_o polity_n tend_v only_o to_o the_o advancement_n of_o their_o military_a discipline_n as_o if_o in_o this_o alone_o consist_v the_o safety_n of_o their_o commonwealth_n whereas_o if_o we_o will_v but_o due_o consider_v it_o as_o rational_a man_n with_o the_o allowance_n of_o some_o grain_n of_o compassion_n it_o will_v seem_v much_o better_a to_o rebate_v somewhat_o of_o that_o rigour_n which_o the_o licence_n of_o war_n permit_v than_o to_o leave_v so_o many_o of_o perhaps_o our_o kinsman_n and_o countryman_n in_o a_o everlasting_a slavery_n i_o can_v therefore_o conceive_v how_o such_o a_o law_n can_v be_v repute_v just_a unless_o it_o shall_v appear_v that_o such_o a_o severe_a course_n be_v necessary_a for_o the_o prevention_n of_o far_o great_a and_o moral_o inevitable_a calamity_n which_o will_v otherwise_o in_o all_o humane_a probability_n fall_v upon_o we_o for_o in_o such_o a_o case_n of_o necessity_n as_o the_o prisoner_n themselves_o ought_v by_o the_o rule_n of_o charity_n patient_o to_o bear_v their_o hard_a fortune_n so_o may_v this_o punishment_n be_v just_o impose_v upon_o they_o and_o threaten_v against_o other_o to_o deter_v they_o from_o the_o like_a cowardice_n according_a to_o what_o we_o have_v elsewhere_o write_v concern_v any_o one_o citizen_n which_o for_o the_o public_a safety_n of_o the_o city_n may_v be_v deliver_v up_o xxv_o that_o a_o man_n may_v transfer_v his_o right_n in_o a_o captive_n true_a it_o be_v that_o to_o make_v slave_n of_o such_o as_o be_v take_v in_o war_n be_v not_o agreeable_a to_o our_o law_n and_o custom_n yet_o doubtless_o may_v that_o right_n of_o exact_v a_o ransom_n from_o he_o that_o be_v so_o take_v by_o he_o that_o take_v he_o just_o be_v transfer_v to_o another_o for_o by_o the_o law_n of_o nature_n thing_n even_o incorporeal_a may_v also_o be_v alienate_v xxvi_o the_o ransom_n may_v be_v due_a to_o more_o than_o to_o one_o and_o possible_a it_o be_v that_o the_o same_o ransom_n may_v be_v due_a to_o several_a person_n as_o in_o case_n a_o prisoner_n be_v discharge_v by_o one_o the_o ransom_n not_o pay_v be_v apprehend_v by_o another_o and_o after_o that_o by_o another_o these_o must_v needs_o be_v distinct_a debt_n because_o they_o arise_v from_o distinct_a cause_n xxvii_o whether_o a_o agreement_n for_o a_o ransom_n be_v null_v his_o estate_n or_o quality_n be_v not_o then_o know_v the_o ransom_n agree_v upon_o shall_v bind_v the_o contractor_n though_o the_o prisoner_n be_v find_v rich_a than_o he_o be_v think_v to_o be_v when_o the_o contract_n be_v make_v because_o by_o that_o right_n of_o nation_n which_o be_v external_a whereby_o we_o be_v in_o this_o case_n to_o be_v judge_v no_o man_n can_v be_v compel_v to_o give_v a_o great_a price_n than_o what_o be_v first_o agree_v on_o although_o undervalue_v if_o there_o be_v no_o fraud_n in_o the_o contract_n as_o may_v easy_o be_v understand_v by_o that_o which_o have_v be_v already_o deliver_v in_o the_o chapter_n of_o agreement_n 26._o agreement_n lib._n 2._o c._n 26._o xxviii_o what_o good_n of_o captive_n be_v he_o that_o take_v they_o from_o what_o have_v be_v already_o say_v that_o captive_n be_v not_o now_o to_o be_v make_v slave_n it_o follow_v that_o the_o dominion_n that_o we_o have_v over_o their_o person_n do_v not_o give_v we_o a_o universal_a right_n to_o all_o that_o be_v they_o as_o have_v be_v elsewhere_o say_v 4._o say_v lib._n 3._o c._n 7._o §._o 4._o for_o he_o that_o take_v a_o prisoner_n have_v a_o right_a to_o nothing_o but_o what_o he_o particular_o lay_v hold_v on_o so_o that_o if_o the_o prisoner_n can_v conceal_v any_o thing_n he_o have_v from_o he_o he_o can_v be_v say_v to_o get_v it_o because_o he_o be_v not_o thereof_o possess_v thus_o paulus_n the_o lawyer_n plead_v against_o brutus_n and_o manlius_n he_o that_o take_v a_o field_n into_o his_o possession_n can_v be_v say_v to_o be_v possess_v of_o the_o treasure_n which_o he_o know_v not_o to_o be_v there_o bury_v for_o no_o man_n can_v be_v say_v to_o possess_v that_o which_o he_o know_v not_o of_o whence_o it_o will_v likewise_o follow_v that_o what_o the_o prisoner_n can_v so_o conceal_v he_o may_v make_v use_n of_o for_o his_o redemption_n xxix_o whether_o the_o ransom_n agree_v on_o be_v chargeable_a upon_o the_o heir_n another_o question_n be_v like_a to_o arise_v namely_o whether_o a_o ransom_n agree_v on_o the_o prisoner_n die_v before_o it_o be_v pay_v may_v be_v recover_v from_o his_o heir_n whereunto_o the_o answer_n be_v easy_a for_o if_o the_o captive_n die_v in_o prison_n doubtless_o the_o ransom_n be_v not_o due_a because_o the_o promise_n be_v make_v upon_o condition_n that_o the_o prisoner_n shall_v be_v set_v at_o liberty_n but_o he_o that_o be_v dead_a can_v be_v say_v to_o be_v at_o liberty_n but_o on_o the_o
contrary_a if_o be_v at_o at_o liberty_n he_o shall_v die_v the_o ransom_n shall_v be_v recover_v because_o he_o enjoy_v that_o for_o which_o the_o ransom_n be_v promise_v yet_o i_o confess_v the_o contract_n may_v be_v so_o make_v that_o the_o ransom_n shall_v be_v due_a simple_o and_o immediate_o from_o the_o time_n of_o the_o contract_n and_o then_o the_o person_n take_v shall_v not_o from_o thenceforth_o be_v hold_v as_o a_o prisoner_n of_o war_n but_o as_o one_o that_o do_v free_o engage_v himself_o as_o a_o surety_n for_o the_o payment_n thereof_o so_o on_o the_o contrary_a the_o contract_n may_v be_v so_o make_v that_o the_o ransom_n shall_v not_o be_v due_a unless_o the_o prisoner_n live_v and_o be_v at_o liberty_n upon_o a_o day_n prefix_v but_o these_o thing_n be_v less_o natural_a shall_v not_o be_v presume_v to_o be_v do_v unless_o evident_o prove_v xxx_o whether_o he_o that_o be_v free_v to_o free_a another_o aught_o to_o return_v the_o other_o be_v dead_a it_o may_v likewise_o be_v question_v whether_o he_o that_o be_v release_v on_o condition_n that_o he_o shall_v release_v another_o if_o that_o other_o die_v before_o he_o be_v release_v be_v bind_v to_o return_v into_o captivity_n i_o have_v elsewhere_o 58._o elsewhere_o bo._n 2._o ch_n 11._o §._o 22._o &_o 15._o and_o in_o this_o book_n ch_n 20._o §._o 58._o prove_v that_o a_o promise_n free_o make_v for_o the_o fact_n of_o a_o three_o be_v sufficient_o perform_v if_o nothing_o be_v omit_v by_o the_o promiser_n in_o order_n to_o its_o accomplishment_n but_o if_o a_o promise_n be_v make_v upon_o a_o valuable_a consideration_n the_o promiser_n stand_v oblige_v to_o the_o full_a value_n of_o what_o he_o promise_v just_o so_o it_o be_v in_o this_o case_n for_o he_o that_o be_v release_v be_v not_o bind_v to_o return_v into_o captivity_n because_o it_o be_v not_o so_o agree_v upon_o nor_o will_v that_o indulgence_n that_o be_v give_v to_o liberty_n admit_v it_o so_o to_o be_v tacit_o understand_v neither_o aught_o any_o man_n to_o make_v a_o gain_n of_o another_o man_n liberty_n but_o yet_o he_o that_o be_v so_o dismiss_v out_o of_o prison_n aught_o to_o pay_v the_o value_n of_o that_o which_o he_o can_v not_o perform_v for_o this_o cause_n be_v balionius_n much_o blame_v by_o mariana_n who_o be_v release_v upon_o his_o promise_n to_o release_v carvailius_n carvailius_n die_v before_o he_o can_v be_v release_v refuse_v to_o pay_v the_o value_n of_o his_o ransom_n this_o answer_n i_o conceive_v to_o be_v more_o agreeable_a to_o the_o naked_a and_o simple_a truth_n than_o that_o which_o be_v deliver_v unto_o we_o by_o the_o interpreter_n of_o the_o roman_a law_n chap._n xxii_o concern_v faith_n give_v by_o inferior_a commander_n in_o war._n i._o of_o the_o several_a kind_n of_o commander_n ii_o how_o far_o a_o agreement_n by_o they_o make_v bind_v the_o supreme_a power_n iii_o or_o give_v occasion_n to_o such_o a_o obligation_n iu._n what_o if_o any_o thing_n be_v do_v contrary_a to_o command_n this_o explain_v by_o distinction_n v._o whether_o in_o such_o a_o case_n the_o contrary_a party_n be_v oblige_v vi_o what_o the_o commander_n in_o war_n or_o the_o magistrate_n may_v do_v concern_v their_o inferior_n or_o for_o they_o vii_o it_o be_v not_o in_o the_o power_n of_o a_o general_n to_o make_v peace_n viii_o whether_o hâ—_n may_v grant_v a_o truce_n this_o clear_v by_o a_o distinction_n ix_o what_o security_n of_o person_n and_o what_o of_o thing_n may_v be_v grant_v by_o they_o x._o such_o agreement_n be_v to_o be_v strict_o understand_v and_o why_o xi_o a_o surrender_n accept_v by_o a_o general_n how_o to_o be_v understand_v xii_o the_o addition_n of_o this_o caution_n if_o the_o king_n or_o the_o people_n shall_v think_v fit_a secure_v the_o general_n xiii_o how_o the_o promise_n of_o deliver_v up_o a_o town_n be_v to_o be_v interpret_v i._o the_o several_a kind_n of_o commander_n among_o public_a agreement_n this_o be_v reckon_v by_o ulpian_n as_o one_o when_o the_o general_n of_o each_o army_n do_v agree_v about_o some_o thing_n between_o themselves_o we_o declare_v before_o that_o when_o we_o have_v sufficient_o discourse_v of_o faith_n give_v by_o the_o supreme_a power_n we_o will_v likewise_o say_v somewhat_o of_o faith_n give_v by_o subordinate_a power_n and_o that_o either_o between_o themselves_o or_o unto_o other_o whether_o those_o power_n be_v next_o immediate_o to_o the_o supreme_a as_o that_o of_o general_n to_o who_o conduct_n the_o army_n be_v commit_v whereunto_o we_o may_v fit_o refer_v that_o of_o livy_n nec_fw-la ducem_fw-la novimus_fw-la 4._o lib._n 4._o nisi_fw-la cujus_fw-la auspicio_fw-la bellum_fw-la geritur_fw-la we_o acknowledge_v no_o other_o captain_n but_o he_o to_o who_o the_o management_n of_o the_o whole_a war_n be_v commit_v or_o whether_o they_o be_v such_o as_o be_v commander_n under_o they_o between_o who_o caesar_n in_o his_o commentary_n distinguish_v thus_o 3._o lib._n 3._o the_o office_n of_o a_o private_a captain_n be_v one_o thing_n and_o the_o office_n of_o a_o general_n be_v another_o the_o former_a do_v but_o execute_v particular_a order_n but_o this_o latter_a aught_o free_o to_o consult_v and_o provide_v for_o the_o safety_n of_o the_o whole_a ii_o how_o far_o agreement_n by_o they_o make_v bound_v their_o sovereign_n as_o concern_v these_o man_n engagement_n there_o ought_v to_o be_v a_o twofold_a inspection_n first_o whether_o the_o supreme_a power_n be_v thereby_o engage_v and_o second_o whether_o they_o themselves_o be_v bind_v by_o they_o the_o former_a of_o these_o may_v be_v determine_v by_o what_o we_o have_v already_o say_v namely_o that_o prince_n may_v be_v oblige_v by_o such_o as_o they_o depute_v to_o declare_v their_o will_n whether_o particular_o express_v or_o collect_v from_o the_o nature_n of_o their_o office_n for_o he_o that_o grant_v a_o power_n grant_v as_o much_o as_o in_o he_o be_v all_o thing_n necessary_a to_o that_o power_n which_o in_o moral_a thing_n be_v moral_o to_o be_v understand_v whence_o we_o may_v collect_v that_o subordinate_a commander_n may_v oblige_v their_o sovereign_n two_o several_a way_n first_o by_o do_v that_o which_o in_o all_o probability_n belong_v to_o their_o place_n or_o office_n second_o by_o do_v that_o which_o belong_v not_o to_o their_o office_n yet_o which_o they_o have_v a_o special_a commission_n to_o do_v in_o case_n that_o commission_n be_v either_o public_o know_v or_o at_o least_o unto_o those_o with_o who_o they_o have_v to_o do_v iii_o or_o give_v occasion_n to_o such_o a_o obligation_n there_o be_v also_o other_o way_n whereby_o a_o sovereign_a prince_n may_v be_v bind_v by_o the_o fact_n of_o his_o officer_n yet_o so_o that_o that_o fact_n be_v not_o the_o proper_a and_o immediate_a cause_n of_o that_o obligation_n but_o the_o occasion_n only_o which_o may_v be_v do_v two_o way_n either_o by_o conâ—â—â—ting_v unto_o it_o when_o do_v or_o by_o the_o thing_n itself_o their_o consent_n will_v appear_v by_o their_o approbation_n which_o may_v be_v give_v not_o only_o express_o but_o tacit_o that_o be_v when_o the_o supreme_a power_n have_v knowledge_n thereof_o and_o yet_o permit_v they_o to_o be_v do_v which_o can_v with_o any_o probability_n be_v refer_v to_o any_o other_o cause_n and_o how_o this_o may_v proceed_v we_o have_v elsewhere_o show_v by_o the_o thing_n itself_o he_o may_v be_v so_o far_o oblige_v 17._o bo._n 2._o ch_n 4._o §._o 5._o &_o ch_n 15._o §._o 17._o as_o not_o to_o enrich_v himself_o by_o another_o loss_n as_o if_o by_o a_o agreement_n make_v by_o his_o minister_n a_o prince_n receive_v any_o benefit_n he_o be_v thereby_o bind_v to_o perform_v that_o part_n of_o the_o say_a agreement_n which_o concern_v himself_o to_o perform_v or_o if_o he_o refuse_v to_o do_v it_o than_o he_o be_v bind_v to_o forego_v the_o benefit_n which_o he_o either_o have_v or_o may_v receive_v by_o that_o agreement_n for_o this_o be_v that_o equity_n which_o as_o we_o have_v often_o elsewhere_o say_v even_n the_o scale_n of_o justice_n and_o hitherto_o and_o no_o far_o be_v that_o say_v true_a si_fw-mi quid_fw-la utiliter_fw-la gestum_fw-la sit_fw-la valet_fw-la whatsoever_o contract_n bring_v profit_n bind_v the_o contracter_n and_o therefore_o we_o can_v but_o condemn_v they_o of_o injustice_n who_o refuse_v to_o fulfil_v the_o agreement_n yet_o be_v resolve_v to_o detain_v that_o which_o but_o by_o that_o agreement_n they_o can_v never_o have_v have_v as_o the_o roman_n do_v when_o they_o refuse_v either_o to_o confirm_v the_o agreement_n make_v by_o cnaeus_n domitius_n or_o to_o set_v at_o liberty_n king_n bituitus_n who_o domitius_n have_v first_o invite_v as_o his_o guest_n and_o then_o perfidious_o take_v and_o send_v bind_v to_o rome_n which_o fact_n as_o valerius_n maximus_n testify_v senatus_n nec_fw-la
approbare_fw-la potuit_fw-la nec_fw-la rescindere_fw-la voluit_fw-la the_o roman_a senate_n neither_o can_v approve_v of_o nor_o will_v for_o reason_n of_o state_n rescind_n many_o other_o such_o like_a example_n we_o may_v find_v in_o history_n iu._n what_o if_o any_o thing_n be_v do_v contrary_a to_o command_v and_o here_o also_o we_o must_v repeat_v what_o we_o have_v former_o deliver_v namely_o that_o a_o sovereign_a prince_n may_v be_v oblige_v by_o the_o fact_n of_o his_o general_n in_o case_n he_o transgress_v not_o the_o bound_n of_o his_o public_a office_n though_o he_o act_v contrary_a to_o his_o private_a instruction_n this_o equity_n be_v well_o observe_v by_o the_o roman_a praetor_n in_o such_o action_n as_o concern_v factory_n for_o it_o be_v not_o every_o contract_n make_v with_o a_o factor_n that_o shall_v be_v bind_v to_o he_o that_o employ_v he_o but_o such_o only_a as_o be_v make_v concern_v such_o good_n for_o which_o he_o be_v appoint_v his_o factor_n but_o in_o case_n it_o be_v public_o proclaim_v that_o no_o man_n shall_v thenceforth_o treat_v or_o make_v any_o agreement_n with_o such_o a_o man_n that_o man_n shall_v no_o long_o be_v treat_v with_o as_o a_o chief_a minister_n nay_o though_o such_o a_o proclamation_n be_v make_v yet_o if_o it_o appear_v not_o so_o to_o the_o contractor_n whatsoever_o shall_v be_v by_o he_o agree_v on_o shall_v bind_v the_o prince_n that_o first_o employ_v he_o moreover_o the_o condition_n of_o his_o preposition_n ought_v to_o be_v observe_v for_o he_o that_o be_v willing_a to_o be_v treat_v with_o under_o such_o a_o certain_a condition_n and_o by_o the_o mediation_n of_o such_o a_o person_n whatsoever_o be_v agree_v upon_o by_o that_o person_n in_o reference_n to_o the_o business_n for_o which_o he_o be_v commissionated_a aught_o in_o all_o equity_n to_o be_v observe_v whence_o it_o follow_v that_o some_o prince_n or_o people_n be_v more_o and_o some_o less_o bind_v by_o such_o contract_n as_o be_v make_v by_o their_o general_n if_o their_o several_a law_n and_o constitution_n be_v sufficient_o know_v but_o in_o case_n these_o be_v not_o well_o know_v then_o must_v we_o be_v guide_v by_o the_o most_o likely_a conjecture_n which_o always_o presume_v that_o to_o be_v within_o their_o power_n without_o which_o they_o can_v well_o discharge_v the_o office_n of_o a_o general_n but_o yet_o if_o any_o such_o inferior_a officer_n shall_v transgress_v his_o commission_n and_o promise_v more_o than_o he_o can_v perform_v he_o himself_o shall_v be_v bind_v to_o the_o full_a value_n unless_o some_o law_n sufficient_o know_v shall_v hinder_v it_o so_o likewise_o if_o there_o shall_v be_v find_v any_o fraud_n in_o the_o case_n as_o if_o such_o a_o principal_a commander_n shall_v pretend_v to_o have_v a_o great_a power_n give_v he_o by_o his_o prince_n than_o indeed_o he_o have_v he_o shall_v then_o be_v oblige_v to_o satisfy_v for_o the_o damage_n thereby_o sustain_v yea_o and_o if_o through_o his_o crime_n some_o great_a injury_n do_v arise_v to_o the_o adverse_a party_n he_o shall_v be_v bind_v to_o suffer_v punishment_n answerable_a to_o his_o crime_n in_o the_o former_a case_n his_o good_n shall_v make_v satisfaction_n and_o if_o those_o fall_v short_a his_o service_n or_o his_o corporal_a liberty_n in_o the_o latter_a his_o person_n or_o his_o good_n or_o both_o according_a to_o the_o greatness_n of_o his_o crime_n neither_o will_v it_o suffice_v in_o the_o case_n of_o fraud_n to_o declare_v beforehand_o that_o he_o will_v not_o oblige_v himself_o for_o as_o well_o satisfaction_n for_o the_o damage_n do_v as_o punishment_n for_o a_o crime_n commit_v be_v both_o of_o they_o due_a not_o by_o a_o voluntary_a but_o by_o a_o natural_a obligation_n v._o in_o which_o case_n the_o other_o party_n stand_v oblige_v now_o because_o in_o all_o such_o contract_n either_o the_o prince_n or_o his_o principal_a minister_n do_v stand_v oblige_v therefore_o it_o follow_v that_o the_o other_o party_n be_v thereby_o oblige_v for_o the_o contract_n can_v be_v say_v to_o halt_v and_o by_o this_o we_o may_v discern_v the_o power_n that_o subordinate_a commander_n have_v to_o oblige_v their_o superior_n vi_o what_o power_n they_o have_v over_o their_o inferior_n now_o let_v we_o see_v what_o power_n they_o have_v over_o their_o inferior_n and_o sure_o it_o be_v not_o to_o be_v doubt_v but_o that_o a_o general_n have_v a_o power_n over_o his_o soldier_n and_o a_o magistrate_n over_o his_o citizen_n as_o to_o those_o act_n that_o be_v usual_o subject_a to_o their_o command_n but_o not_o otherwise_o without_o their_o consent_n on_o the_o contrary_a a_o agreement_n make_v by_o a_o general_n or_o a_o magistrate_n in_o such_o thing_n as_o be_v mere_o profitable_a shall_v whole_o bind_v their_o inferior_n for_o this_o be_v sufficient_o warrant_v by_o their_o office_n and_o authority_n yea_o and_o in_o such_o thing_n also_o as_o be_v burdensome_a and_o chargeable_a so_o as_o those_o burden_n be_v such_o only_a as_o have_v be_v usual_o exact_v but_o as_o to_o those_o that_o be_v extraordinary_a they_o stand_v not_o oblige_v without_o their_o own_o consent_n and_o acceptance_n which_o thing_n be_v very_o agreeable_a to_o what_o we_o have_v already_o from_o the_o very_a law_n of_o nature_n prove_v 18._o lib._n 2._o c._n 12._o §_o 18._o concern_v a_o stipulation_n make_v in_o the_o behalf_n of_o a_o three_o person_n but_o these_o general_n will_v receive_v a_o clear_a light_n in_o the_o handle_n of_o these_o particular_n vii_o it_o be_v not_o in_o the_o power_n of_o general_n to_o make_v a_o peace_n it_o belong_v not_o to_o a_o general_n to_o look_v into_o the_o cause_n or_o consequence_n of_o a_o war_n it_o be_v his_o duty_n careful_o to_o manage_v the_o war_n but_o not_o to_o conclude_v it_o yea_o though_o he_o have_v the_o great_a power_n that_o can_v be_v give_v he_o by_o his_o commission_n yet_o shall_v it_o be_v understand_v of_o the_o conduct_n of_o the_o war_n only_o neque_fw-la enim_fw-la nos_fw-la jus_fw-la habemus_fw-la ordinandi_fw-la res_fw-la imperatoris_fw-la for_o neither_o have_v we_o any_o power_n to_o dispose_v of_o what_o only_o belong_v to_o the_o emperor_n say_v belisarius_n to_o the_o goth_n thus_o agesilaus_n answer_v the_o persian_n de_fw-fr pace_n constituendi_fw-la jus_fw-la est_fw-la penes_fw-la civitatem_fw-la it_o be_v only_o in_o the_o power_n of_o the_o commonwealth_n to_o make_v peace_n and_o therefore_o the_o peace_n which_o albinus_n make_v with_o jugurtha_n without_o order_n from_o the_o senate_n the_o senate_n break_v as_o sallust_n inform_v we_o thus_o likewise_o livy_n quî_fw-la rata_fw-la ista_fw-la pax_fw-la quam_fw-la non_fw-la ex_fw-la authoritate_fw-la senatus_n non_fw-la jussu_fw-la populi_fw-la romani_fw-la peregerimus_fw-la what_o stability_n can_v there_o be_v in_o that_o peace_n which_o be_v make_v without_o any_o order_n or_o decree_n either_o of_o the_o senate_n or_o people_n of_o rome_n and_o therefore_o neither_o do_v that_o promise_n make_v at_o caudis_fw-la nor_o that_o make_v at_o numantia_n bound_v the_o people_n of_o rome_n as_o we_o have_v elsewhere_o say_v and_o thus_o far_o be_v that_o of_o posthumius_fw-la verify_v if_o there_o be_v any_o thing_n whereunto_o a_o people_n may_v be_v oblige_v they_o may_v be_v also_o oblige_v to_o all_o thing_n that_o be_v to_o all_o thing_n that_o concern_v not_o the_o conduct_n of_o war._n and_o this_o be_v apparent_a by_o what_o have_v be_v already_o say_v about_o surrenders_n and_o about_o sponsion_n make_v for_o the_o leave_v or_o burn_v of_o city_n and_o concern_v the_o change_n of_o government_n viii_o but_o it_o be_v to_o grant_v truce_n to_o grant_v truce_n be_v in_o the_o power_n not_o of_o a_o general_n only_o but_o of_o inferior_a commander_n that_o be_v to_o such_o as_o they_o either_o assault_n or_o hold_v besiege_v so_o far_o forth_o i_o mean_v as_o it_o shall_v concern_v themselves_o and_o their_o force_n for_o other_o commander_n be_v not_o thereby_o oblige_v as_o we_o may-learn_a from_o the_o example_n of_o fabius_n and_o marcellus_n record_v by_o livy_n 24._o lib._n 24._o ix_o but_o not_o to_o dispose_v of_o man_n empire_n or_o land_n on_o the_o other_o side_n to_o dispose_v of_o man_n empire_n or_o land_n be_v not_o in_o the_o power_n of_o general_n and_o therefore_o be_v tigranes_n dispossess_v of_o syria_n by_o the_o senate_n although_o it_o have_v be_v give_v he_o by_o lucullus_n 40._o lucullus_n just_a l._n 40._o neither_o be_v it_o in_o the_o power_n of_o massinissa_n to_o release_v sophonisba_n who_o he_o have_v take_v in_o war_n because_o as_o scipio_n plead_v she_o be_v under_o the_o power_n and_o at_o the_o discretion_n of_o the_o people_n of_o rome_n 30._o rome_n liv._o l._n 30._o but_o over_o the_o rest_n of_o the_o spoil_n the_o general_n have_v some_o kind_n of_o right_n yet_o not_o so_o much_o by_o virtue_n of_o
sort_n of_o murderer_n page_n 196_o 197_o law_n guide_v to_o wisdom_n pref._n ix_o law_n may_v so_o far_o proceed_v against_o a_o king_n as_o to_o evidence_n the_o right_n of_o the_o creditor_n but_o not_o to_o compel_v he_o page_n 177_o 178_o contrary_a to_o law_n thing_n do_v not_o null_v unless_o so_o express_v by_o the_o law_n itself_o page_n 147_o law_n bound_v not_o in_o case_n of_o extreme_a necessity_n page_n 567_o law_n make_v to_o avoid_v great_a mischief_n only_o must_v not_o be_v so_o understand_v as_o to_o make_v that_o sinful_a which_o be_v otherwise_o lawful_a page_n 483_o law_n without_o a_o coercive_a power_n external_o weak_a pref._n ix_o law_n and_o arm_n oppose_v pref._n two_o the_o six_o law_n give_v to_o adam_n what_o page_n 8_o there_o be_v the_o same_o law_n where_o be_v the_o same_o reason_n or_o equity_n page_n 196_o humane_a law_n to_o be_v interpret_v with_o some_o allowance_n for_o humane_a frailty_n page_n 59_o the_o law_n in_o prohibit_v double_v the_o offence_n 380._o of_o moses_n erroneous_o quote_v for_o that_o of_o nature_n pref._n xviii_o without_o law_n no_o community_n can_v consist_v pref._n ix_o law_n humane_a depend_v upon_o the_o will_n of_o the_o maker_n for_o their_o institution_n and_o continuation_n page_n 21_o 22_o law_n may_v bind_v as_o to_o humane_a judgement_n that_o bound_v not_o the_o conscience_n 483._o nor_o bind_v long_o than_o the_o coercive_a power_n last_v ibid._n severe_a in_o the_o defence_n of_o king_n page_n 61_o law_n command_v strong_a than_o those_o that_o permit_v and_o those_o that_o forbid_v strong_a than_o those_o that_o command_v page_n 199_o the_o reason_n of_o a_o law_n particular_o fail_v shall_v not_o exempt_v that_o case_n from_o the_o law_n but_o it_o may_v be_v dispense_v with_o page_n 35_o lawful_a take_v either_o for_o that_o which_o be_v just_a and_o honest_a or_o for_o that_o which_o be_v not_o punishable_a page_n 456_o the_o law_n of_o nation_n how_o beneficial_a pref._n ix_o it_o be_v like_o the_o soul_n in_o the_o body_n page_n 451_o humane_a law_n depend_v upon_o the_o will_n of_o the_o lawmaker_n both_o for_o their_o institution_n and_o continuation_n page_n 377_o a_o league_n what_o 181._o when_o say_v to_o be_v renew_v 187._o void_a if_o by_o either_o break_a ibid._n of_o league_n the_o ancient_a to_o be_v prefer_v ibid._n that_o make_v with_o a_o free_a people_n real_a ibid._n that_o with_o a_o king_n not_o always_o personal_a ibid._n a_o league_n hold_v with_o a_o people_n or_o a_o lawful_a king_n though_o exile_v his_o kingdom_n but_o not_o with_o a_o usurper_n page_n 195_o league_n equal_a or_o unequal_a page_n 183_o league_n how_o they_o differ_v from_o sponsion_n ibid._n league_n unequal_a 48_o 183_o 184._o give_v no_o jurisdiction_n proper_o page_n 49_o in_o unequal_a league_n king_n or_o people_n may_v be_v equal_a in_o freedom_n though_o not_o in_o dignity_n ibid._n in_o league_n who_o be_v superior_a page_n 49_o 50_o league_n some_o require_v exact_a natural_a right_n only_o and_o why_o 182._o its_o breach_n be_v a_o matter_n odious_a page_n 193_o the_o prince_n of_o the_o league_n may_v be_v say_v in_o some_o thing_n to_o command_v page_n 49_o 50_o in_o leaugues_n unequal_a the_o danger_n whence_o page_n 51_o league_n unequal_a contract_v sometime_o where_o no_o war_n be_v 184._o whether_o to_o be_v make_v with_o man_n of_o different_a religion_n ibid._n this_o prove_v by_o experience_n 185_o 186._o some_o caution_n page_n 186_o league_n forbid_v to_o be_v make_v with_o some_o nation_n and_o why_o page_n 184_o of_o league_n some_o favourable_a some_o odious_a some_o personal_a some_o real_a page_n 195_o league_n of_o peace_n and_o society_n these_o either_o for_o commerce_n or_o war_n page_n 182_o 183_o whether_o they_o that_o be_v unequal_o league_v have_v the_o right_n of_o embassage_n page_n 206_o league_n divide_v page_n 182_o a_o league_n for_o a_o set_a time_n not_o by_o silence_n renew_v page_n 187_o no_o league_n bind_v to_o a_o unjust_a war_n page_n 186_o no_o breach_n of_o league_n to_o defend_v the_o injure_a party_n if_o in_o other_o thing_n the_o peace_n be_v keep_v page_n 194_o league_n never_o make_v but_o between_o sovereign_a prince_n page_n 181_o league_n of_o joshua_n with_o the_o gibeonite_n 169_o he_o may_v not_o make_v a_o league_n with_o the_o canaanite_n and_o why_o page_n 184_o in_o league_n word_n of_o art_n interpret_v according_a to_o art_n 191._o the_o strong_a give_v the_o great_a power_n the_o weak_a the_o great_a honour_n 49_o 50._o this_o article_n not_o to_o make_v war_n without_o consent_n be_v to_o be_v understand_v of_o a_o offensive_a war_n only_a page_n 194_o a_o league_n make_v with_o a_o free_a people_n be_v real_a and_o bind_v though_o they_o admit_v of_o king_n unless_o make_v with_o other_o free_a city_n to_o defend_v their_o liberty_n page_n 195_o the_o lenity_n of_o the_o ancient_a father_n towards_o they_o that_o err_v in_o thing_n divine_a page_n 391_o letter_n of_o marque_n page_n 448_o liberty_n personal_a recover_v by_o postliminy_n 489._o or_o peace_n which_o to_o be_v prefer_v page_n 419_o the_o liberty_n of_o a_o people_n what_o it_o signify_v 42_o 43_o etc._n etc._n of_o make_v war_n not_o rash_o to_o be_v believe_v to_o be_v renounce_v page_n 193_o the_o liberty_n of_o subject_n oblige_v by_o the_o fact_n of_o their_o superior_n page_v 447_o liberty_n natural_a be_v to_o live_v where_o we_o listen_v page_n 115_o liberty_n the_o usual_a cloak_n of_o ambition_n page_n 65_o liberty_n lose_v to_o recover_v no_o just_a cause_n of_o war_n page_n 407_o liberty_n some_o leave_v the_o conquer_a may_v secure_v the_o conqueror_n page_n 527_o life_n prefer_v before_o liberty_n page_n 419_o the_o lesser_a number_n to_o yield_v to_o the_o great_a not_o natural_a page_n 139_o long_a possession_n see_v possession_n lot_n sometime_o end_v a_o war_n page_n 551_o love_n of_o parent_n towards_o their_o child_n more_o natural_a than_o that_o of_o child_n towards_o parent_n page_n 123_o a_o lie_v strict_o take_v what_o 440._o forbid_a 439._o by_o some_o good_a author_n in_o some_o case_n approve_v 440._o a_o wholesome_a lie_n the_o jocular_a and_o charitable_a not_o much_o blame_v page_n 442_o 443_o the_o form_n of_o a_o lie_n what_o 441._o whether_o natural_o unlawful_a ibid._n to_o lie_v and_o to_o tell_v a_o lie_n difference_v by_o gellius_n page_n 440_o lie_n our_o refuge_n in_o danger_n rahab_v lie_v page_n 443_o no_o lie_n if_o by_o a_o untruth_n speak_v by_o i_o a_o by-stander_n be_v deceive_v page_n 442_o of_o lie_n the_o schoolman_n admit_v not_o but_o they_o do_v of_o equivocation_n page_n 443_o 444_o a_o lie_n to_o preserve_v life_n whether_o lawful_a page_n 443_o to_o lie_n to_o a_o enemy_n lawful_a 439_o 443._o to_o be_v understand_v of_o word_n assertory_n not_o promissory_a 443_o 444._o yet_o not_o if_o bind_v by_o oath_n ibid._n from_o lie_v to_o abstain_v even_o to_o a_o enemy_n magnanimous_a page_n 444_o lie_v to_o be_v exclude_v in_o all_o contract_n in_o a_o market_n page_n 441_o to_o lie_n in_o time_n and_o place_n fit_v the_o part_n of_o stoical_a wisdom_n page_n 440_o lie_v ill_o become_v a_o prince_n 444._o fear_n and_o poverty_n make_v liar_n ibid._n for_o lie_v and_o perjury_n the_o punishment_n the_o same_o page_n 175_o it_o be_v no_o lie_n if_o in_o a_o amphibology_n our_o word_n agree_v with_o either_o sense_n though_o misunderstand_v page_n 440_o m._n maccabee_n resistance_n what_o page_n 60_o macedonian_n put_v all_o that_o be_v of_o kin_n to_o traitor_n to_o death_n page_n 403_o magistrate_n shall_v punish_v offender_n as_o parent_n do_v child_n page_n 417_o magistrate_n kill_v man_n be_v innocent_a but_o private_a man_n do_v the_o same_o be_v murderer_n 374._o whether_o they_o may_v remit_v punishment_n 375._o inferior_n must_v not_o resist_v the_o supreme_a 58._o why_o choose_v 376._o they_o must_v judge_v according_a to_o law_n but_o prince_n the_o law_n themselves_o page_n 377_o no_o magistrate_n choose_v without_o a_o appeal_n to_o the_o people_n of_o rome_n page_n 65_o magistrate_n inferior_a may_v reduce_v rebel_n in_o a_o case_n of_o imminent_a danger_n page_n 35_o magistrate_n christian_n in_o st._n paul_n time_n page_n 18_o magistrate_n among_o the_o jew_n do_v not_o resist_v their_o king_n though_o wicked_a 57_o in_o what_o case_n oblige_v to_o reparation_n of_o damage_n 203._o how_o far_o they_o may_v oblige_v citizen_n page_n 564_o magistrate_n not_o take_v caution_n from_o privateer_n whether_o oblige_v for_o the_o wrong_n they_o do_v to_o their_o friend_n page_n 203_o the_o magnanimity_n of_o the_o roman_n in_o respect_n of_o the_o greek_n page_n 445_o mahometan_n hold_v a_o necessity_n of_o restitution_n page_n 495_o majesty_n take_v for_o the_o dignity_n of_o the_o person_n govern_v 49._o what_o that_o
be_v understand_v as_o he_o understand_v to_o who_o they_o be_v make_v 167._o call_v vow_n and_o why_o 172._o the_o end_n of_o all_o controversy_n 172._o bound_v not_o to_o thing_n unlawful_a 169._o of_o joshua_n to_o the_o gibeonite_n bind_v page_n 168_o 169_o the_o oath_n of_o the_o roman_a soldier_n to_o the_o carthaginian_n bind_v page_n 167_o 168_o a_o oath_n not_o to_o be_v too_o far_o wrest_v 169._o not_o to_o do_v good_a not_o bind_v 170._o nor_o that_o which_o hinder_v a_o great_a good_a ibid._n can_v bind_v to_o impossibility_n ibid._n by_o false_a god_n bind_v 171._o by_o the_o creature_n oblige_v ibid._n by_o fraud_n or_o fear_n extort_a must_v be_v fulfil_v for_o the_o oath_n sake_n 172._o make_v to_o pirate_n or_o tyrant_n oblige_v ibid._n in_o oath_n two_o thing_n requisite_a truth_n in_o word_n and_o fidelity_n in_o action_n ibid._n over_o subject_n oath_n what_o power_n superior_n have_v page_n 173_o by_o a_o false_a oath_n to_o deceive_v a_o enemy_n perjury_n page_n 172_o of_o oath_n some_o be_v assertory_n and_o some_o promissory_a 174._o the_o latter_a forbid_v by_o james_n and_o christ_n ibid._n oath_n shall_v except_v necessity_n and_o coaction_n page_n 123_o from_o oath_n absolution_n from_o whence_o original_o page_v 174_o by_o oath_n promise_v make_v in_o what_o case_n oblige_v not_o page_n 173_o a_o honest_a man_n word_n as_o good_a as_o his_o oath_n page_n 175_o a_o oath_n to_o perform_v king_n bind_v before_o god_n page_n 177_o oath_n from_o subject_n shall_v have_v this_o restriction_n unless_o my_o king_n command_v the_o contrary_a ibid._n philip_n of_o macedon_n regardless_o of_o oath_n page_n 537_o the_o form_n of_o oath_n military_a page_n 28_o to_o obey_v more_o natural_a to_o some_o nation_n than_o to_o command_v page_n 38_o obedience_n in_o what_o case_n necessary_a 55_o 56_o 429._o sometime_o unlawful_a 427._o especial_o in_o thing_n forbid_v by_o god_n or_o nature_n 53._o to_o command_n unjust_a not_o due_a 429._o ready_o yield_v by_o he_o that_o understand_v the_o reason_n of_o the_o law_n page_n 430_o obedience_n to_o parent_n and_o sustentation_n to_o child_n due_a 123._o yet_o it_o can_v justify_v our_o disobedience_n to_o god_n page_n 427_o obligation_n restrain_v the_o faculty_n or_o the_o exercise_n of_o such_o a_o act_n only_o the_o difference_n page_n 47_o 48_o obligation_n feudal_n see_v feudal_n obligation_n arise_v from_o dominion_n page_n 146_o obligation_n internal_a give_v no_o right_a to_o another_o page_n 151_o obligation_n all_o require_v deliberation_n page_n 551_o 552_o obligation_n by_o officer_n with_o our_o default_n from_o what_o law_n it_o proceed_v page_n 203_o 204_o king_n may_v be_v oblige_v either_o natural_o or_o civil_o page_v 177_o oblige_a we_o may_v be_v by_o another_o page_n 154_o oblige_v we_o may_v whatsoever_o we_o have_v absolute_a power_n in_o or_o over_o page_n 400_o 401_o oblige_a we_o may_v be_v to_o a_o pirate_n or_o robber_n be_v not_o terrify_v by_o fear_n page_n 538_o oblige_a a_o man_n may_v be_v by_o some_o delinquency_n page_n 200_o oblige_a none_o can_v be_v to_o a_o unjust_a war_n page_n 187_o of_o obligation_n without_o compulsion_n example_n page_n 211_o obstinacy_n to_o defend_v our_o own_o party_n no_o just_a cause_n to_o kill_v a_o enemy_n page_n 508_o by_o the_o occasion_n of_o another_o sin_n a_o man_n may_v suffer_v though_o that_o sin_n be_v not_o the_o cause_n of_o his_o suffer_a page_n 401_o occupancy_n its_o right_n where_o thing_n be_v in_o common_a page_n 78_o by_o occupancy_n what_o every_o one_o have_v be_v the_o first_o rise_v of_o propriety_n page_n 79_o of_o occupancy_n after_o the_o communion_n be_v lose_v page_n 80_o occupancy_n presume_v thing_n bound_v 81._o as_o land_n by_o manor_n or_o farm_n ibid._n of_o empire_n and_o of_o dominion_n as_o distinguish_v from_o empire_n 88_o it_o be_v the_o original_a way_n to_o gain_v dominion_n by_o the_o law_n of_o nation_n page_n 135_o what_o if_o it_o be_v of_o a_o place_n pray_fw-mi occupy_v by_o man_n irrational_a page_n 407_o the_o occupant_a in_o doubtful_a case_n have_v the_o best_a title_n page_n 414_o to_o the_o ancient_a occupant_n land_n restore_v by_o the_o emperor_n honorius_n after_o three_o hundred_o year_n page_n 492_o odious_a promise_n which_o 192._o how_o to_o be_v interpret_v ibid._n league_n and_o promise_n if_o in_o doubt_n be_v personal_a page_n 194_o offender_n be_v demand_v when_o to_o be_v deliver_v page_n 395_o 396_o 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 439._o 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d page_n 407_o old_a man_n in_o war_n to_o be_v spare_v page_n 505_o none_n the_o same_o old_a as_o young_a page_n 141_o opinion_n concern_v god_n be_v not_o easy_o demonstrable_a no_o cause_n of_o war_n page_n 389_o our_o opinion_n especial_o concern_v religion_n hardly_o part_v from_o page_n 391_o oppression_n notorious_a a_o just_a cause_n of_o war_n if_o without_o danger_n to_o ourselves_o page_n 424_o oppression_n of_o subject_n where_o great_a than_o the_o misery_n of_o war_n war_n may_v be_v make_v against_o tyrant_n page_n 421_o ordinance_n of_o god_n in_o what_o sense_n kingly_a power_n be_v say_v page_n 18_o order_n what_o among_o equal_n or_o associate_n page_n 114_o the_o order_n of_o such_o as_o have_v equal_a share_n in_o thing_n ibid._n in_o what_o order_n they_o be_v bind_v to_o restore_v who_o have_v occasion_v damage_n page_n 201_o 202_o the_o order_n of_o christian_a king_n sit_v in_o council_n page_n 114_o original_a acquisition_n page_n 88_o owner_n right_a not_o know_v none_o bind_v to_o restore_v page_n 149_o the_o right_a owner_n transfer_v his_o interest_n be_v a_o sure_a title_n page_n 151_o ox_n forbid_v to_o be_v eat_v to_o be_v spare_v in_o war_n page_n 514_o p._n papinianus_n put_v to_o death_n for_o not_o defend_v parricide_n page_n 428_o parent_n to_o be_v nourish_v 123._o though_o severe_a to_o be_v obey_v 57_o to_o be_v reverence_v as_o god_n pref._n seven_o honour_n and_o obedience_n due_a to_o they_o 123._o differ_v in_o their_o command_n whether_o to_o obey_v 103._o their_o right_a to_o sell_v or_o pawn_v their_o child_n what_o 104._o their_o right_a over_o their_o child_n different_a according_a to_o their_o several_a age_n and_o condition_n 103_o 104_o their_o estate_n due_a to_o their_o child_n by_o a_o twofold_a right_n 124._o whether_o they_o owe_v any_o part_n of_o their_o good_n to_o their_o child_n by_o the_o law_n of_o nature_n 122._o their_o love_n to_o their_o child_n more_o natural_a than_o their_o child_n to_o they_o 123._o their_o power_n to_o punish_v as_o well_o as_o to_o govern_v their_o child_n 104._o never_o exheredate_v their_o child_n until_o they_o prove_v incorrigible_a 416_o 417._o their_o marriage_n with_o their_o child_n unnatural_a page_n 107_o parliament_n to_o what_o end_n call_v page_n 42_o a_o parley_n demand_v and_o accept_v render_v both_o side_n secure_a 569._o during_o each_o may_v promote_v his_o own_o interest_n so_o that_o he_o hurt_v not_o the_o other_o ibid._n under_o pretence_n of_o a_o parley_n bituitus_n be_v treacherous_o take_v captive_a by_o the_o roman_n ibid._n parricide_n page_n 28_o particular_n if_o they_o consent_v not_o not_o punishable_a for_o the_o whole_a page_n 399_o partition_n just_a where_o the_o title_n be_v dubious_a and_o neither_o possess_v page_n 414_o passage_n deny_v may_v be_v by_o arm_n force_v page_n 83_o passage_n by_o land_n or_o sea_n common_a to_o all_o ibid._n how_o army_n may_v pass_v safe_o without_o danger_n page_n 84_o passionate_a act_n more_o pardonable_a than_o deliberate_a page_n 380_o pater_fw-la patratus_fw-la what_o page_n 546_o patience_n commend_v by_o christ_n example_n 63._o prefer_v before_o revenge_n 33._o in_o bear_v reproach_n 21_o 22_o 23._o in_o a_o governor_n or_o in_o a_o state_n punishable_a page_n 393_o patrimony_n distinguish_v from_o the_o profit_n of_o it_o page_n 120_o paul_n refuse_v not_o a_o guard_n of_o soldier_n page_n 20_o parent_n that_o receive_v to_o what_o bind_v page_n 160_o peace_n profitable_a to_o the_o victor_n vanquish_v and_o those_o of_o equal_a power_n 572._o once_o obtain_v to_o be_v religious_o keep_v 571._o its_o article_n how_o to_o be_v understand_v 546_o 547._o all_o of_o they_o to_o be_v equal_o observe_v 549_o 572._o when_o say_v to_o be_v break_v 548._o to_o be_v embrace_v though_o with_o loss_n 572._o not_o to_o be_v patch_v up_o but_o firm_o make_v 547._o be_v make_v all_o public_a injury_n though_o then_o unknown_a presume_v to_o be_v remit_v 547._o to_o purchase_n from_o a_o enemy_n too_o potent_a no_o dishonour_n page_n 418_o for_o peace_n whether_o the_o good_n of_o the_o crown_n be_v alienable_a 544._o or_o the_o good_n of_o subject_n 545._o the_o empire_n or_o any_o part_n thereof_o ibid._n peace_n by_o who_o it_o may_v be_v make_v 544._o be_v make_v by_o
be_v to_o be_v esteem_v beyond_o the_o thing_n page_n 162_o 163_o to_o use_v a_o man_n help_n be_v offer_v be_v lawful_a though_o to_o he_o that_o offer_v it_o it_o be_v unlawful_a page_n 446_o usurper_n who_o page_n 405_o a_o usurper_n not_o to_o be_v kill_v but_o oblige_v by_o private_a man_n by_o who_o he_o may_v 64_o 65_o 66._o his_o act_n bind_v not_o a_o lawful_a king_n 180._o but_o in_o some_o case_n his_o subject_n page_n 64_o 65_o usura_fw-la &_o foenus_fw-la how_o distinguish_v by_o the_o roman_a law_n page_n 163_o usury_n by_o what_o law_n forbid_v 162._o under_o it_o what_o gain_n fall_v ibid._n concern_v it_o what_o the_o civil_a law_n have_v determine_v 164._o what_o the_o law_n of_o holland_n ibid._n w._n war_n and_o arm_n distinguish_v pref._n vi_fw-la when_o just_o make_v pref._n xi_o to_o be_v just_o manage_v ibid._n war_n define_v 2._o prove_v lawful_a by_o the_o first_o principle_n of_o nature_n 11._o by_o the_o law_n of_o nature_n 11_o 12._o by_o right_a reason_n and_o by_o the_o nature_n of_o human_a society_n 12._o by_o sacred_a story_n 13._o by_o the_o consent_n of_o the_o wise_a in_o all_o nation_n 14._o not_o repugnant_a to_o the_o law_n of_o nation_n not_o to_o the_o divine_a law_n ibid._n avoid_v by_o the_o primitive_a christian_n to_o prevent_v some_o act_n which_o their_o religion_n allow_v not_o page_n 26_o war_n some_o lawful_a prove_v out_o of_o the_o father_n 26._o public_a private_a and_o mix_v 31._o private_a permit_v by_o moses_n 32._o after_o tribunal_n erect_v sometime_o lawful_a 31_o 32._o private_a in_o our_o own_o defence_n lawful_a 33_o 34._o solemn_a and_o less_o solemn_a ibid._n sometime_o make_v by_o inferior_a officer_n and_o whether_o such_o a_o war_n be_v solemn_a or_o public_a 35._o whether_o make_v by_o inferior_a commander_n by_o guess_v at_o the_o will_n of_o their_o prince_n ibid._n war_n to_o make_v without_o commission_n from_o the_o prince_n treason_n ibid._n solemn_a can_v be_v but_o between_o sovereign_a prince_n page_n 35_o 36_o 452._o the_o war_n of_o manlius_n against_o the_o galatae_n caius_n caesar_n in_o germany_n octavius_n and_o decimus_n cassius_n whether_o just_a page_n 35_o 36_o war_n against_o superior_n unlawful_a 54._o without_o cause_n unjust_a 70._o civil_a worse_o than_o tyranny_n page_n 65_o war_n shall_v be_v just_a if_o we_o will_v have_v it_o prosper_v 70._o it_o have_v three_o efficient_a cause_n principal_a auxiliary_a instrumental_a 66._o it_o begin_v where_o justice_n end_v 69._o its_o pretence_n always_o just_a though_o its_o cause_n sometime_o unjust_a page_n 70_o war_n cause_v for_o wrong_n do_v or_o in_o our_o own_o defence_n just_a 70._o make_v for_o other_o natural_o lawful_a 66._o to_o repair_v damage_n or_o to_o exact_a punishment_n lawful_a 383._o for_o punishment_n only_o seldom_o just_a 385_o 386._o make_v to_o lessen_v the_o power_n of_o a_o neighbour_n prince_n only_o unlawful_a 76_o 77._o for_o sin_n against_o god_n whether_o lawful_a 386._o without_o cause_n suspect_v to_o be_v predatory_a 405._o the_o most_o natural_a be_v that_o against_o wild_a beast_n next_o be_v that_o against_o man_n as_o brutish_a as_o beast_n page_v 384_o 385_o by_o war_n some_o thing_n gain_v be_v the_o king_n page_n 43_o 44_o war_n between_o christian_n not_o to_o be_v make_v for_o the_o scripture_n misunderstand_v 391._o then_o profitaable_a when_o our_o enemy_n will_v not_o otherwise_o do_v we_o justice_n 412._o when_o unlawful_a though_o the_o cause_n be_v good_a 409._o whether_o it_o may_v be_v on_o both_o side_n just_a 414_o 415._o undertake_v for_o religion_n or_o liberiy_n whether_o lawful_a page_n 416_o war_n make_v for_o a_o single_a subject_n not_o always_o convenient_a for_o the_o whole_a 422._o for_o the_o defence_n of_o subject_n lawful_a ibid._n for_o punishment_n seldom_o make_v by_o prince_n of_o equal_a power_n page_n 420_o the_o condition_n of_o war_n miserable_a page_n 421_o in_o war_n many_o change_n and_o chance_n happen_v which_o can_v be_v foresee_v page_n 418_o war_n may_v prudent_o be_v undertake_v where_o there_o be_v great_a cause_n and_o great_a advantage_n 420_o 421._o may_v be_v in_o respect_n of_o subject_n on_o both_o side_n just_a 415._o denounce_v against_o prince_n and_o against_o all_o that_o be_v under_o his_o government_n 447._o whether_o it_o may_v be_v make_v as_o soon_o as_o denounce_v and_o in_o what_o case_n 455._o make_v by_o pirate_n or_o subject_n have_v no_o effect_n of_o a_o solemn_a war_n ibid._n that_o war_n be_v just_a that_o be_v make_v for_o the_o recovery_n of_o thing_n take_v away_o that_o be_v public_o decree_v and_o solemn_o denounce_v page_n 452_o in_o war_n the_o effect_n be_v lawful_a i._n e._n not_o punishable_a 457._o its_o licence_n extend_v to_o all_o that_o be_v find_v among_o enemy_n even_o stranger_n 458._o the_o innocent_a and_o nocent_a fare_n alike_o ibid._n its_o rage_n 459._o not_o to_o be_v wage_v but_o with_o some_o clemency_n 497_o 498._o especial_o among_o christian_n 495._o make_v against_o wall_n pillar_n house_n malicious_a page_n 512_o in_o a_o unjust_a war_n as_o thing_n so_o a_o people_n take_v shall_v be_v restore_v to_o liberty_n 530._o what_o be_v take_v shall_v be_v restore_v page_n 496_o a_o war_n may_v be_v mix_v in_o part_n public_a in_o part_n private_a 435._o may_v be_v make_v by_o soldier_n though_o wicked_a 431._o may_v be_v make_v against_o such_o as_o sin_v against_o the_o law_n of_o nature_n 384._o make_v to_o compel_v to_o christianity_n unlawful_a page_n 389_o war_n to_o be_v sometime_o avoid_v by_o prince_n for_o their_o subject_n sake_n 418._o make_v to_o establish_v peace_n 524_o 571._o for_o revenge_n not_o to_o exceed_v a_o just_a measure_n page_n 497_o 498_o unto_o a_o unâ—ust_a war_n none_o to_o be_v compel_v page_n 187_o war_n may_v lawful_o be_v make_v for_o friend_n and_o associate_n 424._o etc._n etc._n for_o the_o subject_n of_o another_o prince_n 425._o for_o any_o man_n page_v 424_o war_n then_o just_a when_o necessary_a it_o shall_v be_v our_o last_o remedy_n page_n 452_o wedlock_n how_o it_o differ_v from_o matrimony_n page_n 112_o of_o weight_n or_o measure_n to_o exact_v more_o or_o less_o than_o be_v contract_v for_o be_v theft_n page_n 160_o a_o wife_n may_v rocover_v from_o her_o husband_n what_o she_o lend_v he_o if_o thereby_o he_o be_v enrich_v 147._o she_o may_v claim_v the_o estate_n if_o buy_v with_o her_o money_n ibid._n she_o have_v power_n over_o her_o husband_n body_n by_o the_o gospel_n law_n page_n 109_o wife_n many_o to_o have_v at_o once_o lawful_a of_o old_a ibid._n whether_o it_o be_v lawful_a to_o forsake_v they_o ibid._n in_o favour_n to_o they_o divorce_v permit_v to_o the_o hebrew_n ibid._n wild_a beast_n how_o possess_v 135._o by_o the_o german_n give_v to_o their_o prince_n as_o all_o other_o thing_n that_o have_v no_o owner_n ibid._n in_o private_a wood_n enclose_v be_v possess_v ibid._n whether_o the_o dominion_n be_v lose_v with_o the_o possession_n ibid._n and_o fish_n who_o they_o be_v 81._o that_o they_o shall_v be_v the_o king_n be_v not_o against_o the_o law_n of_o nature_n page_n 135_o will_n what_o have_v no_o know_a cause_n we_o refer_v to_o god_n will_v page_n 390_o the_o will_n in_o some_o case_n punishable_a 374._o natural_o mutable_a 379_o 380._o of_o the_o dead_a a_o law_n page_n 122_o the_o more_o of_o the_o will_v the_o great_a the_o sin_n ibid._n the_o will_n be_v move_v by_o thing_n real_o or_o imaginable_o good_a page_n 379_o to_o have_v understand_v the_o will_n of_o the_o decease_a create_v a_o right_a page_n 122_o the_o will_v express_v by_o some_o outward_a sign_n create_v a_o guilt_n and_o make_v we_o liable_a to_o punishment_n page_n 383_o the_o will_n to_o show_v she_o own_o freedom_n act_v sometime_o without_o any_o other_o reason_n page_n 419_o 420_o wise_a man_n make_v war_n by_o constraint_n fool_n for_o delight_n page_n 421_o wisdom_n chief_a part_n be_v to_o direct_v ourselves_o in_o doubtful_a case_n the_o next_o be_v to_o be_v direct_v by_o other_o of_o great_a learning_n and_o experience_n page_n 411_o 412_o wolf_n peace_n with_o sheep_n upon_o the_o delivery_n of_o the_o dog_n page_n 423_o woman_n captive_n how_v favour_v by_o the_o hebrew_n law_n 464._o they_o have_v no_o guard_n for_o their_o chastity_n 482._o their_o child_n slave_n bear_v ibid._n woman_n succeed_v in_o kingdom_n that_o be_v patrimonial_a 127._o how_o they_o be_v obnoxious_a to_o the_o licence_n of_o war_n 504._o their_o empire_n unknown_a to_o the_o roman_n page_n 144_o woman_n and_o child_n to_o be_v spare_v in_o war_n page_n 504_o word_n signify_v by_o consent_n but_o thing_n and_o act_n not_o so_o 438._o in_o league_n take_v as_o vulgary_o understand_v page_n 190_o 191_o wreck_n that_o they_o shall_v be_v the_o king_n or_o peoples_n unjust_a page_n 121_o write_n be_v but_o last_a monument_n of_o the_o contract_n but_o no_o part_n of_o the_o substance_n page_n 199_o in_o a_o write_n if_o two_o clause_n clash_n and_o can_v be_v reconcile_v to_o which_o we_o shall_v incline_v ibid._n if_o its_o part_n can_v be_v reconcile_v the_o latter_a derogate_v from_o the_o former_a page_n 191_o wrong_n on_o the_o one_o side_n make_v war_n on_o the_o other_o side_n just_a page_n 70_o x._o xenophon_n institution_n of_o cyrus_n page_n 4_o xerxes_n his_o contest_v with_o artabazanes_n for_o the_o kingdom_n page_n 132_o 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d what_o page_n 183_o y._n yea_o yea_o nay_o nay_o what_o it_o signify_v page_n 174_o z._n of_o zeal_n the_o judgement_n page_n 369_o in_o zealand_n the_o vassal_n pay_v tribute_n for_o their_o common_a field_n to_o the_o state_n whereunto_o every_o man_n contribute_v his_o proportion_n page_n 138_o zeleucus_n his_o law_n concern_v such_o as_o drink_v wine_n contrary_a to_o the_o prescription_n of_o their_o physician_n page_n 4_o zopyrus_n another_o sinon_n betray_v babylon_n to_o darius_n perfidious_o page_v 569_o the_o end_n of_o the_o table_n