the Church of Epirus yet the Great Council of (m) Conc. penult 28. Act. 16. Chalcedon thought fit to remand this liberality and enstate them upon the Bishop of Constantinople upon this ground that then Constantinople was the Imperial City for thus the Order goes The Fathers orderly gave the Priviledg of Chiefty and Headship to the See of Old Rome because that Ally had the Empire and moved with like Consideration gave (n) Evagr. ◠◠c. ult the like Priviledges to the See of Constantinople thinking it agreeable to reason that the City of Constantinople being honoured with the Empire and Senate as Rome had been should enjoy the like Priviledges These Priviledges were not only some Honorary Titles and Dignities as some Romanists fancy but the like that Rome had which in express words is said to be a Priviledg of the Chiefty or Headship which some learned Romanists have observed and therefore render 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 (o) Anton. Salm. Dr. Ham. Schis disarm p. 94. Privilegia Dignitates Authoritates Priviledges Dignities and Authorities It is true the Precedency of Place which is meerly Honorary was reserved to the Bishop of Rome for which Respect and Honour there was great reason because the Church of Rome was a Metropolitical Church of long standing whereas the Church of Constantinople was not long before only a Suffragan This Canon hath put the Romanists to all their Shifts some pretending the whole last Action to be Spurious and Clandestine but why then did the Popes Legats oppose it a Spurious Act is of it self void and a Clandestine Act could not prejudice their Master and his Interest and why do they produce this Scandalous as they judg Act as a Proof for the Popes Plenitude of Power over that of a General Council These men will play at small game rather than stick out Counterfeit stuff must pass for the maintenance of the Papal Prerogative Others of them are so bold as to tell the World that after the Canon was passed the Patriarchs of Constantinople and Antioch for he of Alexandria was dead and that See vacant were ashamed to move it this is a most disingenuous shameless falsity for it is notoriously known and most certain they (p) Conc. Tom. 3. p. 475. E. both subscribed it others would make the World believe this Council was not then free and the Canon extorted by tumultuous importunity This is another scandalous Calumny for all the Fathers did own it as their (q) Ibid. p. 463. Act and Deed both by Subscriptions and Attestations before the Judges deputed by the Emperour to see that Synodal Order was regularly observed for confirmation whereof they published a Manifesto But they of all other Shufflers seem to have taken the wisest course who very cautiously and industriously have left it out of their Editions of the Councils which saved them the labour of beating their Brains to invent such handsom Excuses Cavils and Calumnies which yet were much more than needed for this Canon was not Operative but Declarative not Introductory but Confirmative in Confirmation of what fifty years before had passed at the first General Council of Constantinople which resolved That the Bishop of Constantinople ought to have the Honour of Primacy next after the Bishop of Rome for that Constantinople (r) Conc. Constant 1. c. 1 2 3. Soz. l. 7. c. 9. is new-Rome And if both these were suspected and failed or not extant yet there is another Canon of this Council of Chalcedon which the Roman Censors have not as yet traduced either as Spurious or Clandestine or Forced and is received in their Editions which will quite foil and rout out Monarchical Sovereignty It is this (s) Conc. Chalced. c. 9. Act. 15. Si vero c. If any have a Complaint against the Metropolitan of the Province let him either repair to the Primate of the same Diocess or chief Jurisdiction or to the Royal City of Constantinople and let him be judged there Caran approved by Bell. in his Annot. will have the Bishop of Rome to be the Exarch for 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 is not a Primate but a Prince and the Roman High-Priest is that Prince This shift is refelled in the third Council (t) Conc. 26 juxt Car. of Carthage which determined The Bishop of the first See which the Bishop of Rome is acknowledged to be shall not be called Prince of the Bishops As for the word Exarch in the Ecclesiastical notion it is sometimes applyed to an Arch-Bishop thus in the Greek Euchologue Notice being given to the Patriarch that a Church was building and near finished he directed a Letter for its Consecration 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 to the Metropolitan thereof or in his absence to some of the Bishops in that 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 Province but ordinarily or more frequently it is attributed to the (v) Dr. Ham. Ans to the Animad on the dissert p. 177. Primate as here which is confirmed by Anaclitus who in a Decretal Epistle received by the Romanists which therefore is of good Authority against them thus informs us viz. In the head of the Province Primates are placed by Divine Ecclesiastical Laws that to them the Bishops when it is needful may resort and make their appeals this also is entered into and recited in the Body of the Canon-Law approved and published by Gregory the thirteenth All which is perfectly consonant to the directions for Appeals given in the Council of Chalcedon Let Appeal be made from the Bishop to the Metropolitan from him to the Primate or Exarch and that Law of the Emperour Justinian Let Patriarchs according to the Laws and Canons hear and make an end But the Bishop of Rome cannot be this Exarch for here are two Plenipotentiaries appointed in the same Commission strengthned with equal Power and Authorized to act jointly and severally in taking Cognisance of the Appeal and to give Sentence upon it and the Pope was neither of these Plenipotentiaries or Commissioners but only in a reserved case when the Bishop complainant should appeal to him which Bishop too must be one of his own Diocess and so had no Power conferred on him but that which the rest of the Patriarchs enjoyed equally with him for the respective Bishops of their Diocesses might if they pleased (w) Conc. Constan 1. c. 3. Appeal to their own Primate or the Bishop of Constantinople it was at their discretion to choose which of these they liked to hear and determin their cause of Complaint and were tied to make choice of one of these two but not at all to Appeal to Rome and the Bishop agrieved though he were one of the Roman Patriarch's Diocess might vvave him and seek remedy from the Bishop of Constantinople and therefore the Bishop of Rome had but the same Povver vvhich the other Patriarchs enjoyed and the Patriarch of Constantinople had the like in a more ample manner than either
restitution thereof but he defended his Invasion and Usurpation by the warranty of the Popes Excomunication and to prevent all after-Claims by virtue of the Popes Bull bequeathed it in his last Will and Testament to his Daughter Jane Queen of Castile and ordered the union of the two Kingdoms (d) New Heresy of the Jes p. 37. inde out of Monsieur de Hay in his Treatise of the right of the King of France from the Testimony of Spanish Historians against the Cavils of Card. du Perron who attempted the vindication of the Pope and forecited Spanish Historian from Guicciardine lib. 11. Castile and Arragon But the Pope had yet a further Game to manage a Council must be had whereupon he calls a Counter-Council as Eugenius before him had convened an Anti-Synod at Florence at the Lateran in Rome where some Cardinals and Bishops who favoured his Pretensions and some on other motives assembled to him before whom at first he (e) Concil Lat. Sess 1. excused his Perjury by reason of State his next endeavour was by the publication of a Bull to condemn the Pisan Synod and by a second to null its Acts together with the Pragmatical Sanction To gain validity to this Practice he procured Francis the first (f) So the Concordate and from it Relnffusc licet de seriis li. 1. ff de Offic. Cons or rather compelled him for he protested he complied with the Pope much against his mind being constrained so to do by his pressing necessities to condescend to the Abrogation of the Pragmatical Sanction But this Pope dying some ten Months after he had assembled his Partisans and Pensioners could not perfect his Project Leo the tenth succeeds him who falls afresh upon the Pragmatical Sanction yet upon second and better thoughts he stops the Carreer for two or three years resolving however having the work half done to his hand to compleat it in convenient time and so at long run in the eleventh Session of that Conventicle upon the 19 of December 1516 the certain Birth-day of the new Popish Church he passed a Decree point blank contrary to that of Constance continued and confirmed in those of Basil Bourges Tours and Pisa viz. That the Pope had authority over all Councils and that it was necessary to Salvation that all Christians should be subject to the Pope This is Origo Papistarum thus by such unauthorized Antichristian means then upon that 19th day of December and there at Lateran Popery commenced and had its rise both name and thing for though some Romanists pretend the title of Papist to be of more antient extraction deriving it from Pope Peter Pope Paul and Pope Christ yet Dr. Bristow a bitter enemy to Protestants and a fast friend to the Cause witness his great endeavours and attempts in the Rhemish Testament is better advised and (g) Demaund 8. speaks out the whole truth The name saith he of Papists was never heard of till the days of Leo the tenth All which premises being laid together a mean accomptant may easily compute of how long standing Popery is according to the true reformed Roman account The total of all which those (h) Sess 1. And Cassander thinks Papists to be Pseudo-Catholicks they being such who will not permit the Church to be reformed though corrupt Lib. de Offic. boni viri Sect. sunt alii c. very Lateran Assemblers could not deny but have so far honestly witnessed that by reason of the malignity of the times the Popes seemed to have tollerated the Pragmatical Sanction because they could not help it thanks for nothing in as much as for all the Popes could do even to that very day it stood in full force and virtue But for all was then done the true Roman Catholicks even then did not think the Pragmatical Sanction was sufficiently annulled neither did that Lateran Decree find any kind reception amongst them but soon after was stoutly rejected as Heterodox for within four Months after towards the latter end of March ensuing the Divines of Paris spoke as undervaluingly of this Lateran Synod as it had done of the Council of Basil contemning and condemning it as Conciliabulum Conventiculum a Conspiracy or Conventicle (i) Appel Vnivers Paris à Leon. 10. facta die 27 Martii An. 1517. Bochell lib. 8. de decret Gal. Eccl. c. 4. not assembled in Gods name and the Cardinal Lorraine writ expresly after that to Pope Pius the fifth that as the French Church would never receive that of Florence so they also had always protested against the Lateran made up of a (k) New Heresy of the Jesuites p. 103. out of the History of the Concordate composed by Monsieur de Puy few Italian Bishops And that this Lateran Decree would be opposed Pope Leo foresaw who therefore cunningly contrived a way if not to prevent yet to smother and stifle all opposition For (l) 70 Decret p. 534. Caran p. 893. in a certain Decretal he ordained that hereafter for ever no man should Print or cause to be Printed any Book or Writing in the City of Rome nor in any other place unless first by his Vicar or Minister of his Palace or by some Bishop or other deputed thereto it be diligently examined and Subscribed and after the Trent-sticklers finding that Books notwithstanding this Policy were published and did creep abroad they made a Rule which they gave in charge to the Inquisitors That if in the Books of latter Catholicks written since the year 1315 that which needs Correcting can be amended by taking away or adding a few things that course should be followed otherwise let it be (m) Caran p. 894. instruct post indicem c. Index l. Prohib p. 25. altogeeher blotted out But neither the Popes Authority Power nor Policy could prevail so far with the Roman Catholicks of that time as to over-rule the Council of Basil or confirm the Lateran for many of them constantly adhered to the (n) As the Germans Kings of England and France ad Ann. 1422. in the Margin of his life p. 101. c. Ep. Synod Concil Basil Council of Basil because Eugenius the fourth by an Authentick Bull recited in the sixteenth Session acknowledged that it was Lawful and General from the beginning of it to that moment and in the last of the Bulls which he revoked after he had (o) But not till after admonition and citation Acts of Superiority 8 pronouncing him contumacious for threatning of a dissolution Caran p. 856. rejoyned himself to that Council he declared that in matters of Faith the opinion of a Council ought to be preferred to that of the Pope which cannot hold if the Pope be Infalible as the Lateran crew suggested because there is no opinion which can or ought to be preferred to the judgment of an Infallible Monarch and Umpire and as those Romanists stuck to the Council of Basil so did they to the Council
he or any of the rest for as all those of Rome might Appeal to their ovvn Patriarch so they might refuse and those of other Diocesses were prohibited to go to Rome and were bound either to their own Diocesan or else to the Patriarch of Constantinople But suppose the Bishop of Rome had been one of these two Plenipotentiaries the other joyned in Commission with him had a Coordinate Power because they were empowered to act severally and most certain it is that Coordinacy is inconsistent with Supremacy and Equality incompatible with Sovereignty But the Sultan Pontificians gave one of N. N's easy Answers to these Premises which their Wits will make use of viz. They are but wordish Testimonies which are easily despised or disguised Their great Achilles hath told us in plain terms A ready Invention will quickly find an Interpretation to transform them but withal he is so civil as to shevv a ready vvay how to deceive and baffle the Wits vvhich is to produce Matter of Fact and Practice of the Church vvhich is not so easily evaded nor so liable to misconstruction If therefore the Usage concur vvith the standing Lavvs the foregoing Conclusion is rightly deduced and the Romanists concluded guilty of those Crimes articled against them and vvhat the Practice hath been vvill be easily knovvn by the ensuing Instances Fortunatus Felicissimus and others being troubled that St. Cyprian having Intelligence hereof Writ (x) Lib. 1. Ep. 3. Ed. Pam. 55. to Cornelius and reproved him for assuming a Power to himself to judg of a Sentence passed in Africa telling him it was a Law amongst them and it is fit and just the Cause be there heard where the crime was committed which in plain English is The Fact was done in Africa under his Jurisdiction and what had an European to do to meddle with it for it follows in that Epistle A certain portion of the Lords Flock is assigned to each Pastor c. and the Authority of the African Bishops is no whit inferiour to that of the Bishops of Rome Nisi paucis perditis desperatis unless some few desperate lewd Companions think so The same St. Cyprian dealt as sharply with Stephen Bishop of Rome another of his contemporaries whom he charged with Perfidiousness in undertaking (y) Cypr. Ep. ad Pompeian Ed. Pam. 74. the Cause of Hereticks and with Ambition and Tyranny for that he made himself Bishop of Bishops and by Tyranny had driven his fellow-Bishops to a necessity (z) Conc. Carthag inter opera Cypr. of obedience Baron hath confessed that that Clause in the Council of Carthage beginning at Neque enim c. relates (a) Bar. An. 588 n. 24. particularly to Stephen But Firmilianus and (b) Ep. 45. Ed. Pam. the Eastern Bishops handled Stephen more roughly calling him a Schismatick and one that had made himself an Apostate from the Communion of Ecclesiastical Vnion and one who thought he might Excommunicate all thereby indeed Excommunicating himself alone from all St. Aug. (c) Ep. 162. Conc. Milev c. 22. Codex Afric c. 23. in the case of Cecilianus and Donatus a nigris causis severely rebuked Melchiades or Meltiades Bishop of Rome for that he with his Transmarine Colleague took upon them to discuss and reverse that Judgment which had been determined by a Council of Seventy Bishops in Africa Anastasius with the concurrence of his Bishops of Rome Decreed that the Donatists who had been preferred to Charges and Dignities though they should return to the Unity of the Church should not be continued but the African Fathers in Council made a Counter-Decree that the conforming and repenting Donatists should be received and retain their Places and Dignities with a non obstante Notwithstanding what had been decreed in the (d) About Ann. 401. Justel in Cod. Conc. Eccl. Afric c. 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 Bals c. 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 Aug. Ep. 50. Transmarine Roman Synod Julius Bishop of Rome pressed the restitution of Athanasius whereupon the Eastern Bishops met in Council and signified to him that it was a Pragmatical presumption in him to (e) Soz. l. 3. c. 7. to be ordered by him Socr. l. 2. c. 11. interpose in their affairs he ought not to contradict them neither would they endure 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 to be ordered by him this was not the resolution only of the Eusebian and Semi-Arrian Bishops who yet were Conformists to the Orders of the Church but (f) Soz. l. 3. c. 12. Epiph. haer 68. Athan. or 1. contr Arr. of the Catholicks also acting in the Council who though they favoured Athanasius and his Cause yet thought fit to check the Bishop of Rome's insolency Juvenalis Bishop of Jerusalem moved the Council of Chalcedon that his Bishoprick might be promoted into a Patriarchate which motion the Fathers assembled did entertain and referred the ordering of the matter to himself and Maximus the Patriarch of Antioch who agreed that the Patriarch of Antioch should hold the two Phenicia's and Arabia and the Bishop of Jerusalem the three Palestines which Accord they represented to the Council desiring them to confirm it which they willingly (g) Conc. Chalc. act 7. p. 105. Evagr. l. 2. c. 18. Niceph. l. 5. c. 30. with the consent of the Popes Legats condescended to and over and above procured the Judges to add the Royal assent for its full settlement Baronius relates the Pope resisted what was done thus in Council and hindered the Execution thereof for a good while which was till the fifth Synod assembled where (h) Baron Ann. 553. n. 245 246. the Pope gave his Placet and then and not till then was the Accord put in execution but this is one of the great Annalists mistakes for fifteen years before that fifth Synod under Mennas assembled Peter Patriarch of Jerusalem did summon all the Bishops of the three Palestines two whereof were the Metropolitans of Caesarea and Scythopolis to convene in Council who accordingly without demur (i) Conc. Tom. 2. p. 472. obeyed his summons The Church and Bishops of Rome for a long time disallowed and rejected the second General Council yet the Catholick Church always owned it and as occasion offered acted by it That which moved the then Romanists to this dissatisfaction and aversness was that that Council had settled the See of Constantinople into a Patriarchate which Honour they repined at giving to the Bishop thereof precedency to the Patriarchs (k) Conc. 2.3 of Alexandria and Antioch and granting to him Power and Authority over the Churches in Asia minor (l) In all 28 Roman Provinces Brerewood's Enquiries p. 125. Thrace and Pontus and therefore soon after this Council determined the (m) Resisted it Baron An. 553. Bishop of Rome endeavoured to invalidate this Settlement for Statim post c. as soon as it was concluded Damasus then Bishop of Rome indicted a Roman Synod in which a Counter-Decree was enacted
of Constance as a lawful General-Council and to its Decree concerning the Superiority of a Council above the Pope and as many do to this day which also necessarily destroyeth the supposition of the Popes Infallibility because no inferiour Authority can be Infallible for that it can be controuled and corrected by a superiour over-ruling Power and that which is Infallible cannot neither ought to be controuled or corrected If any Romanists conceive and some there be who would be esteemed and pass for such with otherwise discerning men to be the more moderate sort that this is no direct consequence it were well done of them to reconcile the different pretensions and contradictory perswasions of the Pope and a Council and clearly declare whether the two contesting parties can be both Infallible for an Infallibility they will have and if there be such a thing it must be seated in the one or the other for there are no other pretenders to it and if we must have two Infallibles then which of them for the time being is the most Infallible to end the Controversy for till this be decided there can be no end of Controversies because this Controversy will be still agitated and few or none besides shall be satisfactorily determined because all others do mostly depend on this or whether it were not more prudent by way of Accommodation to compound the difference betwixt themselves that by consent the Contestants should take the Infallibility by turns the Pope have his vicissitude and the Council theirs or that it pass as a long time it hath done by a standing Rule of Catch that Catch can provided it can be so ordered that it be done without hot bickerings and canvassings But the through-paced Papists stand close to their tacklings for where they fix the Supremacy there also very consonantly to their supposition they lodg the Infallibility for thus they argue in the ease of the Pope His Authority (p) Bell. l. 4. de Pont. c. 24. Sect. 2. c. l. 2. de Conc. c. 13. And this is saith he the judgment of the best writers quos recenset ib. Sect. ult and therefore his judgment is the last and highest id l. 4. de Rom. Pont. c. 1. Sect. Sed nec Sect. denique and because it is the last and highest therefore it is Infallible ib. l. 3. Sect. contra l. 2. de Conc. c. 9. Sect. accedat c. c. 11. Sect de 2. Sect. de 3. is Supreme therefore his judgment in causes of Faith is the last and the highest and because it is the last and the highest therefore it is Infallible But upon the whole matter it is evident from what hath before been avouched that the Holy Apostles St. Peter and St. Paul were not the Founders of the present Romish Church as it is now constituted and managed but Julius the Second and Leo the Tenth by their new settlement and so their pretence of possession which at the best was tortious is quite out of doors and at last N. N's Original of Protestancy falls out to be indeed the just date and commencement of Popery Wherefore as the Papists frequently but foolishly propose to us Where was your Church before Luther So we upon the foregoing grounds may more reasonably demand of them where was your Popish Church before Julius the Second and Leo the Tenth which Question they will never satisfy till they renounce their new Faith and new Foundation of Faith upon which their new Church is superstructed 3. Supposing this acknowledgment then an 1516. and there in our parts of the World this is far from rendring it Catholick because far removed from that Golden Rule of Catholicism delivered by Vin. Lyr. and approved by all good Catholicks quod ubique quod semper quod ab omnibus c. For if before that year and age and in other parts of the World that which Protestants now call Popery was not acknowledged Catholick Doctrine it must not now be acknowledged Catholick neither ought it then and in our parts of the World to have been acknowledged Catholick the ancient Primitive is to be more respected and reverenced than the Church of the last Century and other parts of the Christian World have been and are as truly and univocally parts of the one Holy Catholick Church as ours can be and the true Faith is one and the same in all ages and places But will or can N. N. answer to Bell. who l. de notis Eccl. c. 7. positively declares that if only one Province should retain the Catholick Faith yet it should be truly and properly called the Catholick Church as long as it might be shewed as Protestants have it was the same which it was at other times in other plaees of the World Driedo dogmat Eccles lib. 4. part 2. seems to be of his mind And what will he say to Dr. Bristow who motive the 45. confesseth some there have been in many ages in some poinis of the Protestants opinion insomuch that there is scarce one piece or Article of our whole Faith but by one or other first or last it hath been called in Question and that with such liking for the time that they all have in a manner drawn after them great herds of followers these some and all were long before this Origenists Aera 1516. and what if these some of Bristow prove to be very many as the Cardinal of Praeneste reckoned them Vicards poor people of Lions Speronists Arnoldists and Waldenses who as Reinerus reports were far spread and of long standing in the Church For thus he relates the matter refort Illyric Catal. test devit tom 2. p. 543 but in an old Edition p. 32. lit D. they continued so long as no Sect hath some say it hath been since Sylvester some since the Apostles there is universality of time and there is almost no countrey wherein it spreadeth not there is universality of place and persons they have great shew of Piety living uprightly before men and believing all things aright concerning God and all the Articles of the Creed and abating his great shew they were good Catholicks because holy believers and livers but that he added a subsequent cause only they hate and blaspheme the Church of Rome and that marred all otherwise they had passed muster and St. Bernard is much to the same purpose Serm. 65. sup Cant. Edit Venet. an 1575. Tom. 1. p. 328. tit H. Si fidem interroges c. If you require an account of their Faith nothing is more Christian if of their Conversation nothing more commendable they frequent the Church honour the Priests offer their Gifts make Confession and communicate in the Sacraments these were no Schismaticks they hurt none circumvent none contemn none are true and just in all their dealings performing what they promised these were not unjust wicked men yet he had a pique at them they did not observe the Monkish Vow of Continence which he conceived