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ID	Title	Author	Corrected Date of Publication (TCP Date of Publication)	STC	Words	Pages
A12064	A looking-glasse for the Pope Wherein he may see his owne face, the expresse image of Antichrist. Together with the Popes new creede, containing 12. articles of superstition and treason, set out by Pius the 4. and Paul the 5. masked with the name of the Catholike faith: refuted in two dialogues. Set forth by Leonel Sharpe Doctor in Diuinitie, and translated by Edward Sharpe Bachelour in Diuinitie.; Speculum Papæ. English	Sharpe, Leonel, 1559-1631.; Sharpe, Edward, 1557 or 8-1631.	1616 (1616)	STC 22372; ESTC S114778	304,353	438

sincere humblenesse of minde Did not Meltiades the Bishop of Rome acknowledge Constantine the great to be supreme head in things spirituall Meltiades Euseb l. 1. cap. 5 August lib. 1. con Parmen Epist 162. alibi Reticio materno Marino and did he not humblie obey him when as hee as the Emperour commanded together with others did heare the cause of Cecilianus and Donatus about the choice of a Bishop committed by the Emperour not to himselfe alone but to other Colleagues who when as Donatus first appealed from the sentence of Meltiades hee committed the whole matter againe to bee discussed by the Councell Aralatense called together by him excluding Meltiades out of it from which Councell when Donatus did the second time appeale because Caecilianus had receiued his ordination from Foelix hee referred Foelix businesse to Aelianus a ciuill Magistrate to whose sentence when Donatus would not stand the Emperour called the whole cause before himselfe and determined it Meltiades was farre from the soueraigntie of all temporalties when the Emperor committed an Ecclesiasticall cause first to him and other Delegates and after appointed second Iudges and lastly called the whole cause before his Royall Maiestie and by himselfe determined it Meltiades being excluded § 96 Damasus Siritius Anastasius did they not acknowledge Theodosius the elder their supeme Lord Theodor. lib. 5. cap. 23. Damasus Siritius Anastasius and most humbly submitted themselues vnto him when as Flanianus was greeuously accused before the Emperours Maiestie that hee had intended vpon the See of Antioch against the canons of the Church was freed by the Emperour against their willes and commanded to returne to his countrey and feede his flocke committed to his charge Innocentius I thinke Innocent did acknowledge Arcadius sonne to Theodosius his supreme Lord when we was an humble suter to the Emperour that hee would command a Councell to be assembled for the examination of Chrysostomes cause whom for all that the Arrian Emperour did reiect in a good cause Nicephor lib. 13. cap. 3. and sent away his messengers with reproach as perturbers of the Westerne Empire draue Chrysostome farther off into banishment publisht a decree wherein he inflicted a penalty of depriuation vpon all Bishops who fauoured either Innocent or Chrysostome and would not communicate with Atticus Chrysostomes successour Innocents cause was the better at that time but Arcadius authority was the greater It was then no new matter that the Bishops of Rome were humble supplicants to Emperours so farre was it that they had rule in ciuill causes Leo the Bishop did humbly entreat Theodosius the § 97 younger to command a Councell of Bishops to be called together in Italy to represse Eutiches heresie Leo Epist 9. which place the Emperour would not heare off but assembled the Councell at Ephesus where when Dioscorus the Bishop of Alexandria had opprest the truth and confirmed Eutiches heresie and had cast out Orthodoxall Flauianus from his Bishopricke of Constantinople Leo did the second time earnestly entreate the Emperour that he would command a generall Councell to be gathered in Italy Epist 24. which for all that Theodosius would not grant to the good olde man If at that time the Bishop could haue commanded the Emperour what neede had hee to entreate him if the power of assembling Councels had beene in Leo why did he giue such deep sighes why did he shed so many teares wherewith he might mooue the Emperours gentlenesse in that businesse which when hee saw was denied him in so great an hatred of the Christian faith why did not the Lyon beginne to roare and affright the Emperour with excommunication why did hee not cast him out of his throne why if hee might haue done it lawfully did hee not deale with him by threatnings or by force of armes but then the Bishops of Rome did attempt all things with prayers and teares not with threats and weapons Epist. 43. When Theodosius was dead he did as humbly and as earnestly entreat Martian who had gathered together the Chalcedone Councell that with his Imperiall decree hee would disanull the Councell of Ephesus and command the Chalcedone Councell that they should not swarue from the Nycene faith Leo's piety certainely was great farre greater then his authoritie but his piety at the last obtained that it required Wherein Leo was not superiour but happier in that the Imperiall authority was answerable to the Bishops holinesse § 98 Gregorie the great did humbly tell Mauritius the Emperour Gregor Q. 2. Epist 61. that the charge he enioyned him as hee thought was vniust and yet being commanded did publish the Emperours decree I did said hee performe my duty each way who both gaue obedience to the Emperour and for God deliuered my minde what I thought Lib. 5. Epist ad ora de bal. fili tradendis I thinke he did imitate Ambrose whose answer to Valentinian the younger being an Arrian Emperour is very memorable being commanded to allot one church in Millain to the Arrians which though he condemned the thing granted I will said hee neuer willingly part with my right and being compelled I haue learnt not to resist So keeping a sincere conscience to God denied not obedience to the Emperour Let the Bishop of Rome now goe and learne modestie of those ancient Bishops at lest of his owne precessours but especially of their great Gregorie who acknowledged Mauritius the Emperor from whom Iohn of Constantinople had receiued the title of vniuersall Bishop to be his most reuerend Lord and himselfe his seruant as manie had done before him But Gregorie the great did more lessen and abase himselfe who am I that speake to my Lord that am but dust and a worme how far off was this worme from deposing of Lyons which he professed not with a fained but sincere humblenesse of minde and submitted himselfe to his Lord not with a shew of humility but with a necessity of duty vnlesse peraduenture you will imagine Gregorie to be a dissembler reuerencing the Emperour with fained not true obedience and submitting himselfe in iest rather then earnest But after that Boniface Gregories successour had § 99 from Phocas obtained the title of vniuersall Bishop the Bishops perchance did denie their obedience to Emperours No indeede for Agatho when Constantine did call diuers learned and holy men out of the West who should communicate with the Greekes in the sixt generall Councell about the truth of religion he writ back that hee had sent his fellow-seruants to his most excellent Lord according to the most holy decree of his Princely Maiestly and the duty be ought vnto him Our submission hath obediently performed which is by you enioyned and in another Epistle all the Bishops saith he both of the North and of the West the Christian seruants of your Empire doe giue thankes to God for your religious minde Yea truely two hundred yeeres after the vniuersall § 100 title when the

seat of the Empire which so many fathers in fiue Synodes gathered together would neuer haue sayd if they had iudged the primacie of Peter had beene founded vpon the institution of Christ What can we imagine that so cheife an article of the Catholike faith was vnknowen to fathers so many for number so famous for holinesse so excellent for learning and that in fiue seuerall the most renowned generall Councels If the supremacie was plainely grounded vpon the Scripture Note then did the Councels very ill to take away the supremacie If the Councels did well in taking it a way certainely the supremacie is not so plainely founded vpon the Scripture If you shall lay enuie to their charge whereby men of such iustice and integrity would not behold a matter so manifest we will wonder at it If you obiect ignorance to them that hauing eies in their heads they could not see wee will laugh at it Neither can wee conceiue any other cause alleadged by you but either blinde enuie or enuious blindnesse An irony Concordan li. 2 cap. 13. O blind or enuious Cusan who rested content in the decrees of these Councels and whatsoeuer right belongeth to the Pope doth thinke the same was giuen him by the Church D●fens part 2. de cap. 18. O malicious and dull pated Marsilius Patauine who thought he had no power either aboue Bishops or other Churches by any Law either diuine or humane but that onely which was giuen the Pope either absolutely or for a time in the Nicene Councell If all this power was giuen first by the Scripture not therefore by the Church if by the Church as Cusan and Marsilius say not therefore by the Scripture § 187 The sixt Councell was the Councell of Carthage in the yeere of Christ 418. The Councel of Carthage of 217. Bishops wherein 217. Bishops were assembled among whom Austin was present In which Councell as in the rest the power of all the Patriarches was made equall the right of appealing to the Bishop of Rome to such as were condemned by the Archbishop of their owne Diocesse was denied Which Cardinall Bellarmine notwithstanding doth auow to belong to all Bishops by the Law of God Cap. 25. de primi Rom. sedis yea if any were condemned by a Synode of their own prouince among the Antipodes they might prouoke to the consistorie of the Bishop of Rome Which Cardinall I thinke liues not in our Horizon but with the Antipodes who is wont to tread contrarie steps against so many men aliue not only of ours but against his own Doctors also Vnlesse peraduenture he descended lower then the Antipodes who dare be so bold to goe against so many holy fathers being dead He doth admit with his followers many fraudulent deuices whereby he goeth about to weaken the authoritie of this Councell Boniface the second with one blot of a greeuous accusation doth wipe out all the decrees of that Councell and damnes them all For hee saith that Aurelius sometime Bishop of the Church of Carthage with the rest of his Colleagues among whom was S. Austin began to waxe proud at the instigation of Satan in the times of Boniface and Celestine his predecessours against the Romane Church It is a hard case to say that Austin with his Colleagues at the instigation of Sathan beganne to waxe proud against the Church because they had resisted both by their decrees and letters three proud Romane Bishops Zozimus Boniface and Celestine in a iust cause common to all Churches Apiarius a wicked Preist whom for his lewdnesse in § 188 discharge of his ministerie Apiarius Vrbane the Bishop had iustly depriued appealed to Zozimus Bishop of Rome who sent three Legates Faustine Philip and Asellus to the Councell at Carthage in fauour and aid of Apiarius them he enioyned among other things that they should lay claime in his name to the right of appeales to him and his seat if anie Bishop accused or condemdemned did appeale to Rome that the Bishop of Rome might commit that cause by his letters to bee determined by the next prouinces or send Legates from his side who might sit about the businesse in his turne and with other Bishops might determine of the whole matter To that purpose he deliuered to his Legates the title and instrument of his right written with his owne hand the Canon of the Nycene Councell Concil Carthag 6. cap. 3. whereby he affirmed that the right of appeales was bestowed vpon him The fathers of the Carthaginian Councell assoone as they had heard the Legates answered that they neuer had read anie such thing in the canons of the Councell of Neece and withall willed the Legates that if they had that canon they should giue it to Daniel the publike Notary A false canon offered for a true to reade it openly They in stead of the canon of the Nicene Councel offer the third chapter of the Councel of Sardis but mangled and gelded For in the authenticke it is thus written Osius said If any Bishop be condemned for any cause and thinketh that he haue no euill but a good cause that the iudgement may be againe renewed doth it please you that for charitie we honor the memorie of Peter the Apostle that it may be written of them who haue examined the cause to Iulius the Bishop of Rome and if he shall thinke that the iudgement is to be renewed it be renewed appoint Iudges to that end But if he proue the cause to be such that those things be not repealed which were already spred those which he decreeth shall stand firme if this please all the Sinode answered It pleaseth Council Sard cap 3. apud Surium Tom 1. The Pope corrupteth the words of Osius But the Bishop of Rome curtoling those words of Osius Doth it please you that for charitie we honor the memorie of Peter the Apostle and by writ to Iulius the Rom Bishop goeth on thus Osius the Bishop said It pleaseth that if a Bishop be accused and the Bishops of the same Country being assembled shall iudge and depose him from his degree if be that is cast of do appeale and flye to the Bishop of the Roman Church would haue himselfe heard if he shall thinke it in ●●t the iudgment be reuerst or do vouchsafe to write the examination of the cause to those Bishops that be of the next Prouince that they make diligent inquirie and determine it according to the credit of the truth And if any man will haue his businesse againe to be heard and shall moue the Bishop of Rome with his petition to send his Legate let it be in his power to do what he will in the businesse and what he shall thinke best The Popes deuise to cosen the African Fathers Here marke the notable tricke wherewith the Bishop of Rome went about to cosen the African Fathers First he pretends a Canon of the Nicene Councell for the right

reuelations naked names of Fathers hired testimonies of Scholemen which she I must confesse hath furnished with fine words and well polished and with a curious composition of sentences attiring the Romaine harlot with all her trimmings with the entisements whereof the vnstable and vnwary young age of many may be caught and deceiued Vpon the Fauorers of which bookes who either bring them ouer to vs or by reading defend them or giue them to other to be read with allowance of them I wish that punishment might be inflicted D. Ed. Cok. do com place in his Epistle prefixed before the case of Postnati which a most Reuerend Iudge declareth to be prescribed by law The authors of these bookes assoone as the Italian ayre hath blowne vpon them do thinke the northerne people to be scarce men who write against them though they write with a better conscience and greater faithfulnesse then themselues For they hold themselues to the true Canon they trust wholy to the writen word they go to the originall The discription of a Protestant they haue the same text and commentarie but that they bring in the Apostles breaking the way and the Fathers following after as witnesses of their owne times as those that iudge the Apostles in a matter of faith are to hee harkened vnto without the Fathers and not the Fathers without the Apostles So they doe not play with reedes in their hands like the Aduersaries but strike thorow with their dartes neither doe they alleage arguments without testimonies or testimonies without argumentes which they doe not reckon vp for number but consider for the weight neither do they deceitfully vrge parcells taken out of the body of the Scripture as the Aduersaries who read them reported out of some magistrall booke or other but alleage them being furnished with all circumstances that from thence they may inferre and vrge the truth neither doe they follow after types and allegories but search out the inward substances and natures of things neither doe the vse any whorish trimmings but such sound and sober ornaments which become the cause of God Fearefull opponents great Orators such as many more are to be esteemed who doe not write whose stinges if any shall thinke are lost because they lye close he is much deceiued By hearing of whose learned Lectures and Sermons and reading their bookes I ingenuously confesse I come better instructed and prepared to defend the cause That as we read the familie of the Scipios were borne to the ruine and ouerthrow of Carthage so me thinke I may hope that our Clergie is borne againe of God and sent into the world to the vtter ruin and destruction of Rome Whom therefore may I better desire to be the Patrone of my labors then that Clergie that is the fatall vanquisher of Rome I may adde thereto that seeing my selfe in the former course of my life haue beene ioyned with many notable men in the Vniuersitie either in the fellowshippe of studies or in the Court in the dutie of preaching or in conuersation in the bond of friendship I thought by this my dutifull Dedication I should renew the memorie of our acquaintance in Christ Last of all who is ignorant that our writers when once they haue stirred vp more earnestly the God of this world and haue touched Antichrist to the quicke with what virulent calumniations the professed enemies will traduce them And it is not to be wondered at if they spare not their bookes whose throates they would cut and detract from their good names whose liues they seeke after who when they cannot doe mischiefe to good men by themselues will attempt to effect it by false brethren If this were done in the greene tree how much more in the withered and if they deale thus with the tale Cedars how will they presse downe the meane trees and lower shrubbs The greater is my hope that it will come to passe that they who write being moued with the sense of their iniurie and they that do not write being moued with the goodnes of the cause will by their authoritie maintaine another that offers himselfe to danger for the glory of Christ For the Doctors and writers in the cause of the Gospell as they be most odious to such as bee wicked so should they be most deare to them that be well giuen For these causes Fathers and Brethren I haue thought good to haue these my small labours to be most humbly and dutifully dedicated vnto you in whose religion I thought faithfulnesse in whose doctrine assistance in whose loue comfort and in whose authority helpe did consist You haue seene as I said at the first the insolencie of the Papists your Fathers haue felt their crueltie you cannot neither ought you to forget the powder or rather the Iesuits treason which threatned the Kingdome the massacres of Paris and the Church the fires of Queene Marie whose imbers the Pope your old friend O ye Clergie of England doth hide and couer he doth well remember your dutie he forgets not your loue toward him Against your argument drawne from the Scripture he fetcheth his drawne from the fagots You passe ouer the fire couered ouer with false ashes Therefore that which ministreth occasion to many to write the same must be an occasion for all to take heed And that which was cause to me to seeke for your patronage and helpe the same should be the cause of stirring vp our zeale and watchfulnesse GOD preserue the KING and Kingdome GOD defend the Clergie the most flourishing of the whole world being the eye of the Kingdome from the iniuries and treacheries of all their enemies Your Lordships and Your worships most deuoted in Christ LEONEL SHARPE THE EPISTLE to the Christian READER Wherein the glasse of Christ and Christianitie is conteyned YOV are not ignorant Christian Reader that the hatred of the Synagogue of Rome hath been a long time very deadly and open against the reformed Church and that it hath been secret against the Scripture and couered ouer with a shadow of outward Religion and a vayle of deuotion For although shee be much moued with the enuy at our florishing Church and with the iniurie of her owne beauty so despised yet because shee feeleth hirselfe so wounded in her head with a weapon from heauen cast by the hand of man shee is no lesse angry with God that gaue the weapon than with man that cast it Which if it were not so truly shee would neuer haue endured so many a Aesops fables a nose of waxe a shipmans hose a Delphian sword blacke and inkie Diuinitie Scripture men inckie Diuines slanders so wickedly prophanely vtterd against the holy Scripture to haue been published in print shee would neuer haue furthered such deuises in her inward Laterane Conclaue which should haue framed b Matth Paris in Hen 3. pag 104. a new Gospell c Li●● consor Fran●isi pag 304. a new Iesus d The Bull of Pius

after crownes but to watch ouer their soules and when hee obeyeth the King then hee prescribeth the doctrine of obedience to others as Christ Paul and Peter went before them both in precept and practise § 183 Then Calander you haue satisfied me abundantly Patriot Primacie of order onely due to Peter in the distinction of these powers now if you please I desire the other about the largnes of that spirituall power which the Pope now vsurpes whether the former Councells did grant the same Then Patriot the Fathers saith he doe grant to Peter the primacie of order and to the Byshoppe of Rome as to his successour whom certaine doe call the Byshoppe of the first sea but they deny vnto him the primacie of power as I said either ouer Kings or ouer their fellow Byshoppes Ierusalem An●ioch Alexandria Constantinople Rome There were either foure or fiue Patriarches among whom the gouernment of the whole Church was diuided That all the rest were equall to the Patriarch of Rome in all points of iurisdiction whose power was bounded within certaine limits out of which he might not passe doth appeare by that notable Cannon the sixt The Nicene Councell of 318. Byshops of the Nycene Councell Which was gathered together by the authoritie of Constantine the great in the yeare of Christ 325. wherein 318. Byshoppes met together and set out 20. true Cannons only as Ruffinus numbers them the true copies whereof remained in all the patriarchall Churches and are extant in many others at this day The sixt Cannon of the Councell doth make the gouernment of the Byshoppe of Rome the forme of gouernment of the Byshoppe of Alexandria as it is said before Where it doth appeare that the gouernment of the byshoppe of Rome was shut within the compasse of his owne Prouince For if it had reached into other Prouinces it had not beene the forme of the gouernment of Alexandria Rome no larger in iurisdiction then Alexandria which was contained in one Prouince Againe it appeareth by the Cannon that the byshoppe of Rome had the same fashion Therfore the gouernment of Alexandria was like vnto Rome How could there otherwise bee a likenesse For there could be no likenesse betweene an vniuersall byshoppe and a prouinciall The second generall Councell was the first Councell § 184 of Constantinople assembled by Theodosius the elder in the yeare of Christ 381. wherein 150. Constantinople Councell the first of 150. Byshoppes byshoppes met together who confirmed the decree of the Nicene Councell Then came the third generall Councell the first of Ephesus The Councel of ●phesus of 200. Byshops gathered together by Theodosius the younger in the yeare of Christ 4●1 it consisted of 200. byshoppes in which two Councells the Prouinces of the Christian world were diuided and euery Prouince assigned to his owne Patriarch and the byshoppe of Constantinople by name made equall to the byshoppe of Rome without any difference of honour but that the byshop of Constantinople was next after the byshop of Rome in place had the second voice in all answers and subscriptions The 4. The Councel of Chalced●ne of 630. Byshoppes generall Councell of Chalcedon gathered by Valentinian and Marcian in the yeare of Christ 451. which consisted of 630. byshoppes who decreed thus in the 28. Cannon we euery way following the decrees of the holy Fathers and acknowledging the Cannon of the 150. byshoppes we also decree the very same and ordaine the same about the priuiledges of the most holy Church of Constantinople which is new Rome For to the throne of old Rome because that Citie bare rule ouer all the Fathers by right giue the priuiledges Constantinople equall with Rome and the 150. Fathers being mooued with the same consideration doe giue equall priuiledges to the most holy throne of new Rome rightly iudging that citie which is honoured both with the Presence and Senate of the Empire and doth enioy equall priuiledges with Rome that ancient Lady should be aduanced in causes Ecclesiasticall aswell as she and be as much esteemed being the next vnto her § 185 But the fathers of the Councell of Chalcedone Acto 3. write thus to Leo the most holy and blessed vniuersall Archbishop and Patriarch of great Rome Note saith Binius that in these bookes Leo is called the vniuersall Archbishop Suri tom 2. Concil pag. 111. Bini t●m 2. Concil fol. 215. But note also that which Binius concealed that it is added to Leo the Archbishop of the Romanes Note heere the authority of the Bishop of Rome saith Surius but it may be that these words slipt out of the margent into the text though they bee most true saith Binius But we appeale from these two pararasites of the Romane Bishop to the very acts of the Councell themselues which we before alleadged But this canon is reiected say they by Leo the Bishop of Rome about the priuiledges and eminency of the Bishop of Constantinople because he presupposeth that the Roman seat was made the head of the Church not by Gods Law but by mans Law as Binius saith fol. 180. whom shall we beleeue Leo who out of his ambition reiected the canon or Gregorie who with all reuerence receiued the whole Councell as it is in Gratian distinct 15. cap. sicui But the Councell say they in their Epistle writ Leo the head of the vniuersall Church Because Leo so writeth Piniu●i● anno in hanc Synod 188. lib. 3. epist 3. to Eulogius the Bishop of Alexandria your holinesse knoweth that by the holy Synode of Chalcedon the name of vniuersality was giuen to the seat of the Bishop of Rome onely wherein now by Gods prouidence my selfe doe serue Why then is not the name of vniuersall prefixed before the Epistle of the fathers It was prefixed say they but by the craft of some Scribe it was taken out what a iest is this as if it were not more likely that the Popes Epistle admitted a fraudulent addition Whether one Leo or 600. Bishops are rather to bee beleeued then the Epistle of the generall Councell a subtraction But hee it so let Leo haue written so Whether is it more meete to giue credit to the Pope priuately in his owne cause or to 600 Bishops in the cause of the Church decreeing against it in a publike Councell especially when as Gregorie the great doth plainely write that none of his predecessours did euer vse the title of vniuersall Bishoppe Farther the fift generall Councell was the second of § 186 Constantinople assembled in the Empire of Iustinian 2. Constantinople Councell of 280. Bishops in the yeere of Christ 586. wherein were present 280. Bishops who repeating word for word the former decree of Chalcedon renewed in the 36. canon Whereby it is euident that Constantinople had no lesse authority in Ecclesiasticall causes then Rome had and that Rome had obtained the primacy of order because it was the cheife