pretended as though he were more carefull for the placing of a worthie man than of the gaine that folowed during the time of the vacation 1115 An. reg 15. Howbeit ere long after he translated one Richarde bishop of London to that Archebishoprike who lyuyng but a little while therin he gaue the same to one Raulfe as then Bishop of Rochester and made him Archbishop of Canterbury Eadmerus being the .25 in order that ruled y e sea He was elected at Windsor the .26 of April and on the .16 day of May he was installed at Canterbury great preparation being made for the feaste whiche was holden at the same Soone after likewyse hee sente for his Palle to Rome whiche was brought from Pascall by one Anselme nephewe to the late Archbishop Anselme About whiche tyme also The Popes authoritie not regarded in Englande the Pope found him selfe gr◅ued for that his authoritie was no more esteemed in Englande for that no persons were permitted to appeale to Rome for any maner of causes in controuersie and for that withoute seeking to obtayne his licence and consent they didde keepe their Synodes and their Councelles touchyng the order of Ecclesiasticall busynesse neyther woulde they obeye suche Legates as he did sende nor come to the Conuocations which they helde In somuche that one Cono the Popes Legate in Fraunce hadde excommunicated all the Priestes of Normandye bycause they would not come to a counsell or Synode which they had called Whervpon the king being somewhat troubled herewith by aduice of his counsell The bishop of Excester sente to Rome sente vnto Rome the Bishop of Excester though he were then blynde to talke wyth the Pope concerning that matter Not long after this also dyed Thomas the Archebishoppe of Yorke After whome succeeded Thrustaine Thrustayne archb of York a man of a loftie stomacke but yet of notable learning who euen at the verye firste began to contende with Raufe the Archbishoppe of Canterbury aboute the title and righte of the primacie and though the Kyng aduised him to stande to the order whiche the late Archbishops of Yorke had obserued he wold not stay the matter sith he perceyued that the Archbishop Raulfe beyng diseased with sicknesse coulde not attende to preuente hys doyngs Thrustayne therfore consecrated certayne Bishops of Scotlande Gilles Aldane bishop of saint Ninian and first of all Gilles Aldane the elect Bishop of Sainct Nynian who promised and toke his othe as the manner is to obeye hym in all thyngs as his primate The Souldiours in like maner for their parts needed no exhortation for remembryng the losses susteyned afore tyme at the Welchmennes handes they shewed well by theyr freshe pursuite howe muche they desyred to bee reuenged of them so that the Welchemen were slayne on eche hande and that in greate numbers tyll the Kyng perceyuyng the huge slaughter and that the Welchemenne hauyng throwne awaye theyr armour and weapons soughte to saue themselues by flyghte commaunded the Souldiours to ceasse from kylling and to take the residue that were left prysoners if they wold yelde themselues which they didde and besought the kyng of his mercie and grace to pardon and forgiue them The first vse of Parliamēts in England Here is to be noted that before this tyme the Kings of Englande vsed but seldome to call togither the estates of the Realm after any certaine manner or generall kind of processe to haue theyr consents in matters to be decreed but as y e Lords of the priuie counsel in our time do sitte only whē necessitie requireth so did they whensoeuer it pl◅sed the K. to haue any conference with them so that from this Henry it may be thought the firste vse of the Parliament to haue proceeded whyche sith that time hath remayned in force and is frequented vnto our times in so much that whatsoeuer is to be decreed apperteyning to the state of y e common wealth and conseruatiō thereof is now referred to that Counsell and furthermore if any thing be appointed by the King or any other person to be vsed for the welth of the Realme it shal not yet bee receiued as lawe till by authoritie of this assembly it bee established and bycause the house shoulde not be troubled with the multitude of vnlearned Comoners whose propertie is to vnderstand little reason and yet to conceiue well of their owne doings There was a certayne order taken what maner of Ecclesiasticall persons and what number and sorte of temporall menne shuld be called vnto the same and how they shuld be chosen by voyces of free holders that being as atturneys for their Countreys that whiche they confessed or denyed should bind the residue of the Realme to receiue it as a law This Counsell is called a Parliament by a French word for so the Frenchmen call their publique assemblies The manner of the Parliamēt in Englād The manner of their consulting here in England in their sayd assemblies of Parliament is on this wise Wheras they haue to entreate of matters touching the commoditie both of the Prince and of the people that euery man may haue free libertie to vtter what he thinketh they are apointed to sit in seuerall chambers the King the Bishops and Lords of the Realme sit in one chamber to conferre togither by themselues and the comoners called Knightes for the Shires Citizens of Cities and burgesses of good townes in an other These choose some wise and eloquente learned man to be their prolocutor or speaker as they tearme him who propoundeth those thyngs vnto them that are to be talked of and asketh euery man his opinion concerning the conclusion thereof In like sort when any thing is agreed vppon and decreed by them in this place whiche they call the lower house in respect of their estate he declareth it againe to the Lordes that sitte in the other chamber called the higher house demanding likewise their iudgements touching y e same for nothing is ratified there except it be agreede vpon by the consent of the more part of both those houses and when they haue sayd theyr myndes thereof and yeelded their confirmation therevnto the finall ratification of all is referred to the Prince so that if he thinke good that it shall passe for a law he confirmeth also by the mouth of the Lord Chauncellor of the Realme who is prolocutor to the Lordes alwayes by the custome of that house The same order is vsed also by y e Bishops and spiritualtie in their conuocation houses for the Bishops sit in one place by themselues as in the higher house and the Deanes Archdeacons and other procurators of the spiritualtie in an other as in the lower house whose prolocutor declareth to the Bishops what is agreed by them And then the Archbishop by the consent of y e more part of them that are assembled in both those cōuocation houses ratifieth and pronounceth their decrees for lawes remitting notwitstanding the finall
it lay not in hys power to worke any feate to the succoure of hys people within the Citie and that they were so constreyned that they must needes yeelde hee holpe to make theyr composition and promised to performe certayne couenauntes on their behalfe Heerevppon the Sarasynes within Acres couenaunted not onely to delyuer the Citie vnto the Christians with fyue hundred Prisoners of Christians whyche they hadde within the same but also to procure that the holye Crosse shoulde bee to them deliuered with a thousande other Christian Prisoners suche as the Christian Princes shoulde appoynte out of those numbers whyche Saladyne hadde in hys custodye and further to gyue them two hundred thousande Besans And tyll these couenauntes were performed it was agreede that the Sarasynes whyche were at that presente lefte within the Citie shoulde remayne as pledges vnder condition that if the same couenauntes were not performed within fortie dayes then shoulde they stande at the mercy of the Christian Princes as touchyng lyfe and lymme The Duke of Burgoigne caused execution to be done within the citie of those whiche fell to the French Kings share the number of the which rose to two thousande and foure hundred or thereaboutes for the whole number was reckned to bee about fyue thousande that thus loste theyr lyues through the inconstancie of their Prince Rog. Houed Yet diuers of the principall had their liues saued The Sarazens themselues also spake muche euill of Saladine for this matter bycause that refusing to performe the articles of couenauntes he hadde occasioned the enimie to slea those that hadde so valiantly serued in defence of the Citie to the vttermost ieopardie of their liues Gerua Dorâ—… But now to leaue foraine matters and to returne home into England We finde that the second of December the Monkes of Caunterbury chose to their Archbyshop Reginald Bishop of Bath the which within fifteene dayes after his election departed thys life and lyeth buried at Bath Also this yere or as Gerua Doro. hath in the yere following the Bishop of Durham sought meanes to withdraw his subiection froÌ„ y t Archbishop of Yorke for whyche attempt Sâ—…le betwixt the Archbyshop of Yorke and the Byshop of Durham the Archbishoppe of Yorke vpon trust of the Popes graunte did not excommunicate the sayd Bishop notwithstanding that hee appealled to the Popes consistory three seuerall tymes putting his owne matter and his Churches to be examined and tryed by the Pope wherevpon hee obeyed not the excommunication and signifying the cause vnto Rome obteyned suche fauor that the Pope and his Cardinals reuersed the senteÌ„ce and iudged the excommunication to be of none effect And further they decreed that if the Archbishop of Yorke had broken the Aulters and Chalices as information was giuen in whiche the Bishoppe of Durham had celebrated after his appeale made to the Courte of Rome that then shoulde the sayd Byshop of Durham be acquited from owing any subiection to the sayde Archbyshop for so long as they two should liue togither True it is that the Archbishop had not only broken the Aulters and Chalices which the Byshop had vsed in deede for the celebration of Masse but also helde his owne brother Iohn Earle of Mortaigne for excommunicate bycause hee had eate and dronke in company of the sayd Byshop and would not communicate with him till hee came to receyue absolution and to make satisfaction for his fault In the end the Bishops of Lincolne and Rochester with the Abbot of Peterburgh were appointed by the Pope to haue the hearyng of this matter as Iudges authorised by hys Bulles who sate therevpon at Northampton vppon Saint Kalixt hys daye where after they had heard both parties argue what they could in eyther of their cases they gaue a longer day that is to witte till the feast of the natiuitie of Sainct Iohn Baptist nexte after to see if by anye good meanes there mighte some agreement haue bene hadde betwixt them or if that coulde not bee that then the Popes letters to stande in force as before and the helps of eyther parte saued as though no delay hadde bin vsed And to thys both parties were agreeable specially at the motion of the Byshoppe of Lincolne But now touching the departure of the FreÌ„ch King from Acres diuers occasions are remembred by Writers of the emulation and secret spite which he should beare towardes King Richarde and beside other already touched one was for enterteyning and relieuing y e Erle of Champaigne in suche bountifull wise in his necessitie that hee was ready to forsake the Frenche Kings seruice and cleaue to Kyng Richard but howsoeuer it came to passe partly through enuy as hathe bene thought conceyued at the great deedes of Kyng Richarde whose greate power and valiancie hee could not well abide and partly for other respects hym moouing hee tooke the Sea with three galltys of the Genewes and returned first into Italy and so home into Fraunce hauing promised first vnto Kyng Richarde at hys departure out of the holy lande and after to Pope Celestine at Rome that hee woulde not attempte any hurtfull enterprise againste the Englishe dominions till King Richarde shoulde be returned foorth of the holy land but this promise was not kept â—…e euill deaâ—…g and â—…each of â—…mise of 〈◊〉 French K. for after that he was returned into Fraunce hee firste soughte to procure the foresayde Earle Iohn King Richards brother to rebell agaynste him promising him not onely ayde to reduce all his brothers dominions into his handes but also to giue him his sister Adela in marriage whome King Richard vpon suspition of vnchast lyuing had forsaken as before yee haue heard but when Earle Iohn was disswaded by his mother from accepting this offer which otherwise as it is said he would willingly haue receyued King Phillip still reteyned a malitious rancor in his hart and in reuenge of olde displeasures woulde haue attempted y e war against y e subiectes of K. Richard if his Lords woulde haue ioyned with hym but they considering what slaunder woulde redound hereof both to him and them for the iniurie done to the Christian common wealthe in making warre againste hym that was occupyed in defence of the faith againste the common enimies of Christendome would not giue theyr coÌ„sente hereto and so the matter rested till Kyng Richarde was taken prisoner in Almaigne and then what followed it shall after appeare In this meane while VVil. Par. Enuious discord among the ChristiaÌ„s the Christian army atchieued some worthy enterprises in the holye lande thoughe not many by reason of suche enuious discord as reigned amongst the chiefe gouernours It chaunced yet on the euen of the Natiuitie of our Ladye nexte after the departure of king Phillip as king Richard marched forth towards Iapha antiently called Ioppe the Soldan Saladine taking the aduantage of the place set vpon the rerewarde of the Christians King Richard discomfiteth the Sarasynes neere to Porte Iaph but
got two thousand markes of the Citie of London and after fell in hande with the Abbots and Priors of whome he gote somewhat though sore against their willes By occasioÌ„ of two marchante Straungers of Brabant whych chaunced to bee robbed about the parties of Winchester whilest the King was there vpon theyr importunate sute and complaynte there was a greate nest of theeues broken A nest of theeues 〈◊〉 amongst the whiche were many welthie persons and freeholders suche as vsed to passe on lyfe and death of theyr owne companions to whome they were fauourable ynough you maye be sure also there were some of the Kyngs seruaunts amongst them About thirtie of those offendors were apprehended and putte to execution besydes those that escaped some into sainctuary and some into voluntary exile running out of and vtterly forsakyng the countrey About Easter The Arcâ—… of Roan the Archbyshoppe of Roan came ouer into England and doyng homage for suche reuenewes as belonged to his Church here within this realme had the same restored vnto him â—…th Paris â—…at tayne In Iune there fell such aboundance of raine specially about AbingdoÌ„ that the Willow trees Mylles and other houses standing neare to the water syde were borne downe and ouerturned with one Chapell also and the corne in the fielde was so beaten to the grounde that breade made thereof after it was ripe seemed as it had beene made of branne â—…e Earle of â—…sburie â—…r go into 〈◊〉 holy land About the same tyme William de Longespee Earle of Salisburie and Robert de Veer with other English men to the number of two hundred knightes hauing taken on them the Crosse went into the holy lande the sayde Earle being their chiefe captaine and had so prosperous speed in their iourney that they arriued safe and sound in the Christian armie where the Frenche king being chiefe thereof they were receyued ioyfully But yet as Mathew Paris writeth â—…at Par. the pride and disdaine of the French men was so greate that vpon spite and enuie conceyued at the Englishmens glorie â—…e spite of 〈◊〉 French toâ—…des the â—…glishmen which bare theÌ„selues right worthily the French men vsed the English men nothing friendly Namely the Earle of Arras sticked not to speake manye reprochfull wordes agaynste the sayde William de Longesper and his people whereat they could not but take great indignation Also the same season the Earle of Leycester who had likewise receyued the Crosse deferred his iourney for a tyme and sayling into Gaâ—…coigne mightily there subdued the kings enimies as Gascon de Bierne Also one Râ—…sâ—…eyn and William de Solares This yeare died Peter de Genevre Peter de Genevre a Prouancoys borne whom the king had preferred in maryage vnto the Ladie Mawde daughter and heyre of Walter Lacye a man of fayre possessions in Irelande Of which maryage there came issue a sonne and a daughter Also about whitsuntide dyed a noble Baron of the North Parties The deceasse Roger Fitz Iohn named the Lorde Roger Fitz Iohn whose sonne and heyre beyng yong was giuen in wardship to William de Valence the kings halfe brother Also this yeare Hugh Earle of March The death of Hugh le Brun. father to the same William de Valence dyed in Cypres whilest the French armie wintered there as then going into the holy lande In the feast of all Saintes the Archbishop Bonifacius was inthronizate at Canterburie An. reg 34. The Archb. of Canterburie intronizate and kept a solemne feast at the which the King Queene wish the more part of all the Prelates of the lande were present This yeare aboute the begynning of the Spring the kings brother the Earle of Cornewall with other noble men of the Realme as the Earle of Glocester Henrie Hauings Baron An ambassadâ—… lent to the Pope and Roger Thurkeby went ouer into Fraunce in Princely array and furniture to visite the Pope who helde his Court still at the Citie of Lion The Bishop of Lyncolne also and the Byshop of Worcester went thither For what cause the other went it was not openly knowne But the Bishop of Lyncolne went thither about such businesse as he had in hande agaynst the Templers Hospitalers and such other whiche had appealed from him to the Court of Rome where he coulde not bring his purpose to passe for his aduersaries with money had purchased the Iudges fauor And so the Bishop returned hauing spent his trauaile and money in vaine The king taketh on him the Crosse The .vj. of March being Sunday the king tooke vpon him the crosse with his brother William de Valence and a greate number of other noble men and amongst other the Abbot of Burie to the preiudice as was thought of his order The lord Roger de Monthault Roger de Mounthault a Baron of great honour meaning verily to goe in that iourney to recouer money towards hys necessarie furniture set and solde the moste part of his liuings His wooddes and possessions which he had about Couentry he solde and let to fee farme vnto the Couent there The like chieuance was made by sundrie noble men which prepared themselues to go in that iourney Vpon the .xxvij. day of Aprill those that had taken on them the Crosse assembled at Bermodsey besides London to treate of their setting forwarde determining that the same shoulde bee at Midsommer next but by the Popes letters which the king procured they were commaunded to stay till the king himselfe went Thus their iourney for that time was disappoynted There was of them and their retinues that ment thus to haue gone fiue C. knightes besides yeomen or demilances and other common soldiers in great numbers Gascon de Bierne submitteth himselfe to the K. Gascon de Bierne was so driuen to his shiftes by the high prowes of y e Erle of Leycester that in the ende he was constrayned to come ouer into England and submit himselfe to the king whom he found at Clarendon where he â—…ate such mercie at the kings handes that hee wâ—…s pardoned and restored to his landes But the Earle of Leycester put the king in possession of the Castels of Fronsacke The Earle of Leycester his seruice in Gascoigne Egremount and other and banished Rustein and William de Solaâ—…s with diuerse other stubburne and disloyall rebels depriuing them of their landes and inheritance in that Countrey The Bishop of Lincolne The Byshoppe of Lyncolne did excommunicate a priest within his dioces that was accused of incontinencie And bicause the same priest continued fortie dayes without seeking to bee reconciled the Bishop sent to the Sherif of Rutlande within whose Bayliwike the same Priest dwelled to apprehende him as a disobedient and rebellious person but the Sherif wynked at the matter and woulde not execute the Bishoppes commaundement wherevpon the Bishoppe did also excommunicate the Sherif whereof the king being enfourmed tooke displeasure and sending to the Pope
him and as it were couenaunting with him by an interchangeable othe that if euer he might vnderstand that he did violate and breake that oth he should die for it a most shamefull death This yeare the Danes that lay rouing on the Seas did much hurt to the English Merchants taking and robbing many English Shippes when the hauen townes alongst the Coastes of Northfolke made forth a number of Shippes The Danes robbe the English marchâ—… on the seas ventured to fighte with those Pirats they were vanquished by the Danes so that manye were slayne and manye taken prisoners whiche were constreined to pay great ransomes The enimies also found in ransacking the Englishe Shippes Great prises wonne by thâ—… Daâ—…lâ—…hâ—…peâ—… 〈◊〉 of the english men twentie M. poundes which the Englishe Merchants had aboorde with theÌ„ to buy wares with in place whither they were bound to goe The same yere Wil. Courtney Archb. of Canterbury hauing more regard to his own priuate coÌ„modity thaÌ„ to the discoÌ„modity of others purchased a Bull of the Pope whereby hee was authorised to leauie through his whole prouince four pence of the pound of all Ecclesiastical promotions as well in places exempt as not exeÌ„pt no true nor lawfull cause being shewed or pretended why he ought so to doe and to see y e execution of this Bull put in practise the Archbyshop of York the Bishop of London were named appoynted many that feared y t censures of suche high executioners chose rather to paye the money forthwith than to goe to the lawe and be compelled happely maugre their good willes Some there were that appealed to the Sea of Rome meaning to defende their cause and to procure that so vnlawfull an exaction myghte be reuoked Specially the prebendaries of Lincolne stoode most stiffely againste those Byshops but the death of the Archbyshop that chanced shortly after made an ende of those so passing great troubles This yeare Iohn Waltham Byshoppe of Salisburie Waltham bishop of Salisbury buried at Westminster amongst the kings and Lorde Treasorer of Englande departed this life and by King Richarde hys appoyntmente hadde the honor to haue his bodye enterred at Westminster among the Kings After his deceasse Roger Walden that before was Secretarie to the Kyng and Treasorer of Calais was now made Lord Treasorer An. reg 19. Ye haue hearde that in the yeare .1392 Robert Veer Duke of Ireland departed this life in Loname in Brabant King Richarde therefore thys yeare in Nouember caused his corps being embaulmed to be conueyed into Englande and so to the Priorie of Colney in Essex The Duke of Irelandes corps â—…eyed froÌ„ Iâ—…yn into Englande and 〈◊〉 royally â—…red appoynting him to bee layde in a Coffine of Cypres and to be adorned with princely garmentes hauyng a chayne of golde about his necke and riche ryngs on his fingers And to shew what loue and assertion hee bare vnto him in his life time the Kyng caused the Coffine to bee opened that hee mighte beholde his face bared and touche him with hys hands he honored his funerall exequies with hys presence accompanyed with the Countesse of Oxforde mother to the sayde Duke the Archbyshop of Canterburie and many other Byshops Abbots and Priors but of noble men there were very few for they had not yet disgested the enuie and hatred whiche they hadde conceyued against hym Froisart In this meane whyle the Duke of Lancaster was in Gascoigne treating with the Lordes of the Countrey and the inhabitantes of the good Townes whiche vtterly refused to receyue hym otherwise than as a Lieutenaunte or substitute to the Kyng of England and in the ende addressed messengers into Englande to signifie to the Kyng that they hadde bin accustomed to be gouerned by Kings The Gascoyns â—…de vnto K. Rich signify 〈◊〉 vnto hym 〈◊〉 ought 〈◊〉 to be deâ—…ed from 〈◊〉 â—…wne and meant not now to become subiectes to any other contrary to all reason sith the King could not sauing his othe alyene them from the Crowne The Duke of Lancaster vsed all wayes hee mighte deuise howe to winne theyr good willes and hadde sente also certayne of his trustie counsellors ouer hither into Englande as Sir William Perreer Sir Peter Clifton two clearkes learned in the lawe the one called master Iohn Hucch and the other master Iohn Richardes a Chanon of Leycester to pleade and solicite hys cause but to bee briefe suche reasons were shewed and suche matter vnfolded by the Gascoignes why they ought not bee separated from the Crowne of England that finally notwithstanding the Duke of Gloucester and certayne other were againste them it was decreed that the Countrey and Duchie of Aquitayne shoulde remayne still in demayne of the Crowne of Englande The graunt of the duchie of Aquitayne to the duke of Lancaster reuoked least that by thys transportyng thereof it myghte fortune in tyme that the heritage thereof shoulde fall into the handes of some straunger and enimie to the Englishe nation so that then the homage and soueraignetie mighte perhappes be lost for euer Indeede the Duke of Gloucester beeyng a Prince of an hygh minde and loth to haue the Duke of Lancaster at home being so hyghly in the Kyngs fauoure coulde haue beene well pleased that hee shoulde haue enioyed hys gifte for that hee thoughte thereby to haue borne all the rule about the Kyng for the Duke of Yorke was a man rather coueting to lyue in pleasure than to deale with muche businesse and the weightie affayres of the Realme Aboute the same tyme or somewhat before the Kyng sente an Ambassade to the Frenche Kyng the Archebyshoppe of Dublin the Earle of Rutlande the Earle Marshall Ambassadours sente into France to treat a mariage betvvene K. Richarde and the French kings daughter the Lorde Beaumonde the Lorde Spencer the Lorde Clifforde named Lewes and twentie knightes with fortie Esquiers The cause of theyr going ouer was to intreate of a marriage to be had betwixt hym and the Lady Isabell daughter to the French king shee beeyng as then not past an eighte yeares of age whiche before hadde beene promised vnto the Duke of Britaignes sonne but in consideration of the greate benefite that was lykely to ensue by thys communication and alliance with Englande there was a meane founde to vndoe that knotte though not presently These Englishe Lordes at their comming to Paris were ioyfully receyued and so courteously entertayned banqueted feasted and cherished and that in most honorable sorte as nothyng coulde bee more all their charges and expenses were borne by the Frenche Kyng and when they shoulde departe they receyued for aunswere of theyr message very comfortable wordes and so with hope to haue their matter spedde they returned But nowe when the Duke of Lancaster had by laying foorthe an inestimable masse of treasure purchased in a manner the good willes of them of Aquitayne Tho. VVals and compassed hys whole desire hee was suddaynely
the same season suche sore weather stormes and rigorous windes continuing for the more part at North and Northwest that the King stayed at Calais for a conuenient winde The king re◅eth into Englande till Tewsday the thirtenth of Nouember at midnight and then taking his Ship landed at Douer the nexte daye aboute fiue of the clocke in the morning He marrieth the Lady Anne Bulleigne And herewith vpon his returne hee married priuily the Lady Anne Bulleigne the same day being the fouretenth of Nouember and the feast day of Saint Erkenwald which marriage was kept so secrete that very few knewe it till Easter next ensuing whē it was perceiued that she was with childe When the King should passe ouer the sea he considered that the Scottes woulde happely attempt somewhat to the preiudice of his subiectes in his absence which sticked not he being within the Realme to robbe both by sea and land wherfore to resist their malice he appointed sir Arthur Darcy with three hundred mē to goe vnto Berwike to defend the borders from inuasions of the Scottes the whiche shortly after by the middle marches entred the Realme and came to a place called Fowbery and fyering certaine villages in their way returned The Earle of Angus as then was at Berwike as a banished man and the saide Sir Arthur determined to reuenge this displeasure and therevpon with four hundred men made a roade into Scotland and set a village on fire Then immediately assembled togither eight hundred Scottes and began to approch neere to the English menne who perceyuing them caused their Trumpette to blowe the retreat and the Earle and twentie with him shewed hym selfe on an hyll euen in the face of the Scottes and the Trumpette blewe at theyr backes so that the Scottes thought that there hadde bin two companyes whyche caused the Scottes to flee Scots discomfited by the Englishemen and the Englishmenne followed and slewe a greate number of them and tooke many of them prisoners 1533 Sir Thomas Audley Lord Chancellor After Christmas Sir Thomas Audeley Lord keeper of the greate seale was made hygh Chancelloure of England And when the Parliamente began bycause the office of the speaker was voyde Humfrey Wingfielde of Greis Inne was chosen speaker In this Parliamente was an acte made that no person shoulde appeale for anye cause out of this Realme to the Courte of Rome but from the commissarie to the Byshop and from the Byshoppe to the Archebyshoppe and from the Archbyshoppe to the Kyng and all causes of the King to bee tryed in the vpper house of the conuocation It was also enacted the same tyme Queene Katherine to be named Princesse Dowager that Queene Katherine shoulde no more bee called Queene but Princes Dowager as the widow of Prince Arthur In the season of the last Sommer dyed William Warham Archebyshoppe of Caunterburie and then was named to that sea Thomas Cranmer the Kings Chaplayne a man of good learning and of a vertuous life whiche lately before hadde bin Ambassador from the King to the Pope After that the King perceyued his newe wife to be with childe he caused all officers necessary to be appointed to hir Queene Anne and so on Easter euen she went to hir closet openly as Queene and then the King appoynted the day of hir coronation to be kept on Whitsonday nexte following writings were sente to all Sheriffes to certifie the names of men of fortie pound to receiue the order of knighthood or else to make fine The assisement of the fine was appointed to Thomas Cromwell maister of the kings iewel house and counsellor to the Kyng and newly receiued into hygh fauour He so vsed the matter that a great summe of money was reysed to the Kings vse by those fynes The matter of the Queenes appeale wherevnto she still sticked and by no meanes could be remoued from it was communed of both in the Parliamente house and also in the conuocation house where it was so handled that many were of opinion that not only hir appeale but also all other appeales made to Rome were voyde and of none effect for that in auncient counselles it had bin determined that a cause rising in one prouince should be determined in the same An. reg 25. This matter was opened with all the circumstance to the Lady Katherin Dowager for so was she then called the which persisted still in hir former opinion and woulde reuoke by no meanes hir appeale to y e Couet of Rome wherevpon the Archbyshop of Caunterbury accompanyed with the Byshops of London Winchester Bathe Lincolne and diuers other learned men in great number rode to Dunstable which is sixe mile from Ampthill where the Princes Dowager lay and there by one Doctor Lee she was ascited to appeare before the sayde Archbyshop in cause of Matrimony in the sayde towne of Dunstable and at the day of appearance shee appeared not The Lady Katherine Dowager called peremptoryly but made default and so shee was called peremptorie euery daye fifteene dayes togither and at the last for lacke of appearance by the assent of all the learned men there present she was diuorsed from the King and the mariage declared to be voyde and of none effect Of this diuorse and of the Kinges mariage with the Lady Anne Bulleine menne spake dyuersly some sayd the King had done wisely and so as became him to doe in discharge of his conscience Other otherwise iudged and spake theyr fansies as they thoughte good but when euerye man had talked ynough then were they quiet and all rested in good peace In May Pope Clemente sente an orator to the King requiring hym to appeare personally at the generall counsell which he had appoynted to be kept the yere following but when his commission was shewed at the earnest request of the King there was neyther place nor time specified for the keeping of that councell and so with an vncertayne aunswere to an vncertaine demaund he departed but not vnrewarded The King vnderstanding that the Pope the Emperour and the Frenche King should meete at Nice in Iune following Ambassadors to the Frenche King hee appoynted the Duke of Norffolke the Lord Rochfoat brother to Queene Anne sir William Paulet Comptroller of his house Sir Anthony Browne and sir Francis Brian Knightes to goe in ambassade to the French King and both to accompany him to Nice and also to commune with the Pope there concerning his stay in the kyngs diuorse These worthy personages made their prouision readye and so with the number of eyghte score horses they wente to Douer and passing ouer to Calais tooke their way through France to accomplishe their ambassage as they hadde in commaundement The .29 of May being Thurseday Queene Anne was conueyed by water frō Greenewiche to the Tower with all honor that might be deuised and there of the King she was receyued and so lodged there till Saturday on the which daye were made
Chester so that the same Leofryke bare great rule in ordering of things touching the state of the Cōmon wealth vnder hym as one of his chief counsellours Diuers laws and statutes he made for the gouernment of the cōmon wealth King Cnutes lavves partly agreeable with the lawes of king Edgar and other the kinges that were his predecessors and partely tempered according to his owne liking and as was thought to him most expediēt among the which there b. diuers that concerne causes as wel ecclesiasticall as temporall Wherby as M. For hath noted it may be gathered ◅hat the gouernement of spirituall matters dyd depend then not vpon y e Bishop of Rome but rather appertayned vnto the laufull authoritie of the temporall Prince no lesse than matters and causes temporall But of these lawes and statutes enacted by king Cnute ye maye reade more as ye finde them sette foorth in the before remembred booke of Master William Lambert whiche for briefnesse we heere omitte Harolde the base sonne of Cnute Harold Mat. VVest VVil. Mal. AFter that Cnute was departed this lyfe ther arose great variance amongst the peeres and great Lordes of the realme about the succession The Danes and Lōdoners which through continuall familiaritie had with the Danes were become lyke vnto them elected Harrolde the base sonne of king Cnute Controuersie for the crovvn to succeede in his fathers roome hauing Earle Leofrike and diuers other of the noble menne of the Northe partes on theyr side But other of the Englishmē and namely Erle Goodwyn Erle of Kent with the chiefest lordes of the weast partes coueted rather to haue one of K. Egelreds sons which were in Normandie or else Hardiknought the sonne of kyng Cnute by his wife Quene Emme Simon Dun. The realm deuided betvvixt Harold and Hadiknought which remained in Denmarke aduaunced to the place Thys controuersie helde in suche wyse that the Realme was deuided as some write by lotte betwixte the two brethren Harolde and Hardicnute The north parte as Mercia and Northumberlande fell to Harrolde and the south part vnto Hardicnute but at length the whole remained vnto Harrolde bycause his brother Hardicnute refused to come out of Denmarke to take the gouernment vpon him But yet the authoritie of Earle Goodwyn who had the queene and the treasure of the realm in his keeping stayed the matter a certayn time The authoritie of Erle Goodvvyn H. Hunt hee professing hymselfe as it were Gardian to the yong men the sonnes of the Queene tyll at length he was constrayned to gyue ouer hys holde and conforme hym selfe to the stronger parte and greater number And so at Oxforde where the assemble was holden aboute the election Harrolde was proclaymed kyng and sacred accordyng to the manner as some write But it shoulde appeare by other that the Archbishoppe of Canterburye Elnothus a manne endued with all vertue and wysedome refused to crowne hym The refusall of the Archb. Elnothus to sacre kyng Harolde For when kyng Harolde beeing elected of the nobles and peeres requyred the sayde Archebishoppe that he myght be of him sacred and receyue at hys handes the Regall Scepter wyth the Crowne whyche the Archebishoppe hadde in hys custodie and to whome it onely did appertayne to investe hym therewyth the Archebishop flatly refused and wyth an othe protested that he woulde not sacre any other for Kynge so long as the Queenes chyldren liued For sayth he Cnute committed them to my truste and assuraunce and to them will I keepe my sayth and loyall obedience The scepter and crowne I heere laye downe vpon the aulter and neyther doe I deuye nor deliuer them vnto you but I forbid by the Apostolyke authoritie all the Bishoppes that none of them presume to take the same away and delyuer them to you or facte you for kyng As for your selfe if you dare you maye vsurpe that whyche I haue committed vnto God and hys table But whether afterwardes the Kyng by one meane or other caused the Archebyshoppe to crowne hym Kyng or that he was sacred of some other he was admitted for kyng of al the Englishe people beginning hys reygne in the yeare of our Lorde a thousande thirtie and sixe 1036. in the fouretenth yeare of the Emperour Concade the seconde in the sixte yeare of Henrye the firste kyng of Fraunce and aboute the seuen and twentie yere of Malcolme the second king of Scotlande Thus Harold for his grear swyftnesse Harold vvhy he is surnamed Harefoote was surnamed Harefoot of whom little is written touchyng hys doyngs sauyng that he is noted to haue ben an oppressour of his people and spotted wyth manye notable vices It was spoken of dyuers in those dayes Harolde euill spoken of that thys Harrolde was not the sonne of Cnute but of a shoemaker and y t his supposed mother Elgiua king Cnutes concubine Ran. Higd ex Marione to bring the king further in loue with hir fayned that she was with chyld and about the time that she shuld be brought to bed as she made hir accompt caused the sayd Shoemakers son to be secretly brought into hir chamber and then vntruly caused it to be reported that she was deliuered and the chylde so reputed to bee the kings sonne Mat. VVest Immediatly vpon aduertisement had of Cnutes death Alfred the sonne of king Egelred with fifty saile landed at Sandwich meaning to chalenge the crowne to obteyn it by lawful claym with quietnes if he might if not then to vse force by ayde of his frends and to assay that way forth to winne it if he mighte not otherwyse obteyne it From Sandwiche he came to Canterbury and shortly after Earle Goodwyn feygnyng to receyue hym as a friend came to meet hym and at Gilford in the night season appoinied a number of armed men to fall vpon the Normans as they were a sleepe and so tooke them together with Alvred slewe the Normans by the poll in suche wise that .ix. were slaine and the .x. reserued But yet when those that were reserued seemed to him a greater number than he wished to escape he fell to and againe tithed them as before Alvred had his eyes put out and was conueyed to the I le of Elye where shortely after he died Ra. Higd. How Alvred should clayme the crowne to himselfe I see not for verily I can not be perswaded that he was elder brother although diuers authors haue so written sith that Gemeticensis and the authour of the booke called Encomium Emma plainly affirme that Edward was the elder but it might bee that Alvred beeing a man of a stouter stomacke than his brother Edward made this attempt eyther for himself or in the behalfe of his brother Edward being as then absent See M. Foxe Acts Mon. Eag 11◅ Si. Dunelm and gone into Hungarie as some write but other saye that as well Edwarde as Alvred came ouer at this tyme with a number of
King Williams raigne two Monkes of the Trinitie order were sent into Scotlande by Pope Innocent vnto whome King William gaue his Palace royall in Abirdene to conuert the same into an Abbay for them to inhabite and was in minde to haue gyuen them many other bountifull giftes if he had liued any longer time The King himselfe and all his seruants also were clothed in mourning weed A Parliament at Edenburgh during the space of one whole yeare The first Parliament which he called was holden at Edenbourgh in the whiche he confyrmed all the actes and ordinaunces deuised by his father Confirmation of Officers and further appoynted that all suche as had borne offices vnder him should still enioy the same Namely he commaunded that William Wood Bishop of Dunblayne shoulde still continue Lord Chancellour The office of the Constable and Alane of Galloway high Constable which is an office of most honor and reputation next to the king as hee that hath power of life and death if any man drawe bloud of an other by violence within two myles of the Court. When this Parliament was ended bycause the olde Queene his mother determined to remayne during the residue of hir life in the place where that holye woman Queene Margaret sometyme led hir lyfe he gaue vnto hir towards the maintenaunce of hir estate The landes of Forfair giuen to the olde Queene the Castelles and townes of Forfair with the landes and possessions to the same belonging He also appoynted certaine sage and moste graue personages to be chosen forth as Iudges A princely appointment which should be resident in euerie Citie and good towne of his realme for the hearing and due determining of all quarels and matters in controuersie betwixt partie and partie Dissention betwixt K. Iohn his nobles In this meane time great dissention rose betwixt Iohn king of Englande his barons by reasō wherof great warres ensued as in the english hystorie doth appeare The Barons made sute both to the french king to y e king of Scots for ayd so that at length Lewes the french kings sonne came ouer to support them whereof when king Alexander was aduertised K. Alexander passeth to London he likewise came with an army through England vnto London causing his soldiers by the way to abstaine from doing any kinde of domage to the people By his comming things were partly quieted for a time and shortly after that he had cōmuned with Lewes touching sundrie affayres perteyning to both the realmes they passed the Seas with ten vessels ouer into France leauing theyr powers behind them to assist the English lords The Frenche king aduertised thereof came down to Bulleigne where finding his sonne and king Alexander he renued the auncient bonde of amitie betwixt France and Scotlande The league betwixt Fraunce and Scotlande renued with the same Alexander according to the couenantes of the olde league with this addition that neyther Prince shoulde receyue the enimies of the others realme nor to marry with any stranger the one not making the other priuie thereto The best approued wryters affyrme that Lewes wēt not ouer into France til after the death of king Iohn These things being ratified king Alexander and Lewes returned into Englande shortly wherevpon king Iohn died more through anguish of minde and melancholy that by force of any other naturall disease His sonne Henrie the thirde of that name succeeded him and in the meane time had the Pope accursed both Lewes Lewes king Alexander cursed king Alexander with all those that fauored their cause against king Iohn which curse was pronounced in a generall counsell which was holden at Rome by Pope Innocent A counsell at Rome there being present foure hundred and .xij Bishops and .viij. C. Abbots King Alexander after the decease of king Iohn returning homewardes with his armie thought he might haue passed quietly without any annoiance by the way King Alexander returneth into his countrey through meanes whereof hee lost a certaine number of his men being sodenly inuaded by such English men as watched theyr time to take the Scottes at some aduauntage in straying abrode out of order with which iniurie king Alexander was so moued that hee spoyled and harried all the Countreyes by the which hee passed till he was entred within the confines of his owne dominion Shortly after Cardinall Guale came into England furnished with the Popes authoritie to denounce the excōmunication aboue remembred against Lewes Alexander with all their fautors wherevpon he accursed not only the foresaid persons Cardinall Gualo but also interdited all the places where they came insomuch that in the end Lewes was constrayned to buy an absolution with no small summes of money of that anaricious Cardinall Gualo and after vpō agreement also made with king Henrie he returned into France Lewes returneth into France Not long after came king Henrie with an army into Scotland sore endomaging the coūtry King Henrie inuadeth Scotlande but so soone as he was aduertised that king Alexander had assembled all the power of his realme to giue him battaile he retyred with al speed into England Ex codice antiquo S. Albani written by Mathew Paris as I take it The king of Englande had in his army at the same time 1200. men of armes right perfitly appointed and furnished with armor and weapon as was requisite and the king of Scots but only .v. C. But of footemen there were in the Scottish army 60000. able personages well appoynted with Ares Speares and Bowes readie to die and liue with their Prince constantly beleeuing that to lose this present life here in his defence was an assured way to be saued in an other worlde After that King Henrie was gone backe into Englande K. Alexander in Northumberland King Alexander followed after him into Northumberland where he ouerthrew and beate downe many Castels and strengthes which the English men helde Then marching through the countrey vnto Carleil he wan that Citie Carleil wonne by the Scots and garnished it with his people After this laying siege vnto Norham castel when hee had continued at the same a certaine time and perceiued how he lost but his trauail he left it returned home with great honor and triumph for his other atchieued enterprises in that iourney King Henrie being once aduertised that king Alexander had broken vp his campe incontinently got eftsoones his people togither Barwike won by K. Henrie comming to Barwike wanne both the towne and Castel After entring into Scotland he burned and spoyled the coūtrey alongst by the sea coasts till he came as far as Hadington Haddington putting al such to the sword as were found in the way women priestes and children onely excepted He assayed to haue wonne the Castel of Dunbar but missing his purpose there he returned into Englande In the meane time the auaritious Prelate Gualo vppon
night the Earle of Lenox and the maister of Elencarne vndermyned the nether groundsoyle of the Castell gate of Dunbrytaine The Castell of Dunbrytaine taken and entred thereby into the castel and so tooke it putting out therof the Lorde Erskin Shortly after to witte the .xv. of that Moneth a greate assemble was made betwixt the Earles of Angus and Arrane the one to haue fought with the other which was the cause beginning of great trouble that ensued The Popes Bulles published The same day in Edenburgh were the Bulles published which the Bishop of Murrey Forman had purchased at Rome for the obteyning of the Archbishoprike of S. Androwes the Abbacies of Dunfermeling Arbroeth through supplication of the Queene and Duke of Albany frō whiche Bulles Contention about the en◅ying of the sea of Saint Androwes the prior of Saint Androwes appealed pretending title to the Archbishops See by election and generall gift of the Lordes of the Realme And herevpon gote togither his friends in Edenburgh as the Master of Hales and other And on the other parte the Lord Chamberlayne and diuers of y e Bishop of Murreys friēds gote the kings letters by vertue whereof they proclaymed the sayde Master of Hales and the prior of Saint Androwes rebells with al theyr assistants putting them to the horne wherevpon they were cōstreyned to depart out of Edēburgh And in May following the Prior wente vnto Rome there to iustifie his appeale All this while The Parliament began agayne the Parliament was not dissolued but vpon prorogation and so the same began agayne the first day of Iuly at what tyme the king of Englande at request of his sister the Queene of Scotland The king of Englands letters to the Lords wrote letters to the Lords now assembled in Parliament requesting them to expell the gouernor foorth of the Realme but all the Lordes and estates with vniuersall consente sente Albany the Heralde with letters to the sayd King excusing them that they myghte not in any wise satisfie his desire therein the same beeing againste reason and the lawes of theyr countrey The Erle of Lenox in warde The same time was the Earle of Lenox put in warde within the Castell of Edenburgh till he had caused the Castell of Dunbritaine to bee deliuered vnto one Allane Steward in the Cūstables name and then he was set at libertie In y e moneth of December Monsier de la Bautie made warden of the Marches Monsier de la Bautie was made Warden of the East marches in steede of the Lord Hume and kept dayes of truce whiche procured him suche hatred that it cost him afterwardes his life In the moneth of Ianuarie the gouernor wente to S. Iohns towne and there held his seat of Iustice where the Lord Fleming for the time was made greate Chamberlayne of Scotlande with all the fees thereof In the yeere 1517. 1517 Ambassadors from France there came Ambassadors from Francis the new French king to desire y t the auntient league might be renued betwixt him and y e K. of Scotland their Realmes Dominions and subiects for the which cause all the Lords of the Realme were assembled at Edenburgh where by them it was concluded that the gouernor himselfe shuld passe y e Seas into France An Ambassage into France also that the Bishop of Dunkeild the secretarie the master of Glencarne as Ambassadors should goe thither y e whiche the thirtenth of May went a Shipboorde and by the East seas sayled thither and the gouernor tooke Ship at Newmarke beside Dunbertayne the seuenth of Iune taking his course by y e West seas The gouernor goeth into France and so passed into France where it was agreed that he shoulde haue remayned but onely foure moneths he hauing appointed the Bishops of Saint Androwes and Glasgo the Earles of Huntley Argile Angus and Arrane to gouerne in his place whilest he was absent Also he ordeined Monsier de la Bautie Lieutenante of the bordures Gouernors appoynted to the kings person He also had caused the King to be brought into Edenburgh Castell within the whiche hee should remaine in the keeping of the Earle Marshall the Lords Erskin Borthwike Rithuen of the which two at least should be always present The Queene that remayned as then in Englād after she vnderstoode that the gouernor was departed towards France returned to Edenburgh the seuententh of Iune but she was not suffered to see the King till August following at what time for feare of the pestilence to be crept into the Castell The king remoued hee was remoued to Cragmiller where the Queene oftentimes came vnto him but at length The doubte which the Scottes had in the Quene through some suspition conceyued least the Queene might conuey him from thence into Englād he was eftsoones brought vnto the Castell of Edenburgh in whiche he was kept after according to the order taken in that behalfe The Lard of Wederborne other bordurers hauing conceyued no small grudge for the death of the Lord Hume and further to see De la Bautie exercise his office and to rule ouer them they conspired againste him and therevpon besieged the house of Laughton whervpon whē De la Bautie came foorthe of Dunbar to assemble the men of the countrey to rayse the siege as Lieutenant of the bordures he was chased by the sayde Larde of Wedderborne other so fiercely Monsier de la Bautie slaine by the Lard of Wedderborne that in the end he was slayne and foure Frenchmen with him his head was cut from the shoulders and set vp in the towne of Duns the ninetenth of Ianuary The Lordes regents were herewith maruellously offended and chose the Earle of Arrane to be warden of the bordures in De la Bauties place who was also chosen to be prouost of Edēburgh wherewith the Erle of Angus was highly displeased But the Erle of Arrane not seeming to passe muche thereof tooke George Dowglas the said Erle of Angus his brother and Marke Kar committing them to warde within the Castel of Edenburgh bycause of the fauor he bare vnto the said Lard of Wedderborne and his complices Moreouer for due punishmente of the murder of the foresayd De la Bautie A Parlament called there was a Parliament called the ninetenth of February nexte in y e which Dauid Hume Lard of Wedderborne his three brethrē William Cokborne and Iohn Hume with diuers other their partakers The Lard of Wedderborne indited were indited for the besieging of the Castell of Laughton the slaughter of Monsier de la Bautie and for the setting vp of his head intercomuning with the Englishmen and diuers other misdoings Immediately after the end of this Parliamente the Erle of Arrane came into the Mers The Erle of Arrane commeth into the Mers with a great Army and hauing with him the kings great Artillerie meante to haue besieged suche places as
Pope to the Kings fauour albeit Anselme yet could not purchase throughly the Kings good will though hee wisely dissembled for the time and when the Byshop of Alba should returne vnto Rome he made sute to haue licence to goe with him but for aunswere the Kyng offered hym that if hee woulde leaue off his purpose and sweare vpō the Euangelists neyther to goe to Rome nor to appeale in any cause to the Popes Court he mighte lyue in quietnesse and rest out of all daunger but if hee would not be so contented he might depart at his perill without hope to returne hither agayne for surely saith he if he goe I will sease the Archbishopricke into myne owne handes Edmerus and receyue him no more for Archbishop Anselme heerewith departing from the Court came to Canterbury declaring openly what had bin sayde vnto hym and immediately sought to flee out of the Realm in the night prouiding for hymselfe a Shippe at Douer But hys purpose being reuealed to the King Fabian one William Warlewast that was the Kings seruaunte was sente after hym and finding hym ready to departe tooke from hym all that he had and after permitted hym to keepe on his iourney who repayring to Rome made vnto Pope Vrbane a greeuous information agaynste the Kyng Math. Paris Anselme comming to Rome compleyneth of the King declaring into what miserable state he had brought the Realme and how that for want of assistance in his Suffraganes it lay not in him to reforme the matter Indeede we finde not that any of the Bishops held with Anselme in the cōtrouersie betwixt hym and the Kyng except Ranulph Bishop of Chichester who both blamed y e King and also rebuked all such Bishops as had refused to stand with Anselme and fauoured the King in causes concerning the foresaid variance Moreouer Ranulf Bishop of Chichester the same Bishop of Chichester withstoode the King and his officers in taking of fines of Priestes for the crime of fornication by reason of which presumption the King became sore offended with hym and obteyned such fauour that he founde meanes to suspend many Churches of his diocesse but yet in the ende the Bishoppe demeaned himselfe in suche wise that he hadde hys owne will and hys Churche dores were opened agayne that before were stopped with thornes And further Fines of Priests that had wiues as by some writers it seemed Polidor the King was contented that the sayde Bishop should haue the fines of Priestes in crimes of fornication within his diocesse and enioy many other priuileges in right of his church But how beneficiall so euer he was vnto the Sea of Chichester troth it is as Polidor writeth that he let foorthe dyuers Abbeyes and the reuenewes of the Bishoprickes of Winchester and Salisburie and also of the Archbishopricke of Canterbury vnto certayne persons that fermed the same at his handes for greate summes of money in so muche that beside the sayd Bishopricks of Canterbury Winchester and Salisburie whiche at the tyme of his death he held in his hands he also receyued the profites of .11 Abbeyes which he had let to ferme or otherwise vsed to his most aduantage Roberte Losaunge of some called Herbert Robert Losaunge Ran. Higd. VVil. Malm. y t sometime hadde bin Abbot of Ramsey and then Bishop of Thetford by gift of a thousande poūds to the King as before yee haue hearde repented him also for y t he was inuested by the K. And after he had ◅ewayled his offence he wēt to Rome in like manner and dyd for the same all suche penance as the Pope enioyned hym Whiche beeing done hee returned into Englande remouing ere long his See from Thetforde to Norwiche where he founded a faire Monasterie of his owne charges and not of y t Churches goodes as some say but therein is a doubt considering hee was first an Abbot and after a Bishop VVil. Malm. To this ende came K. William after he had reigned almost .13 yeres and liued 4◅ and somewhat more And though this Prince bee euill reported of by writers for the couetous tas◅ing of his subiects and namely for reteyning of ecclesiastical linings in his hands yet was he endowed with many noble and princely qualities he hadde good knowledge in the feates of warre and could well endure trauaile and bodily labour In al his affayres he was circumspect inough stedfast and stable of promise and in his warres no more diligent than fortunate He gaue to the Monkes called monachi de charit◅te in Southwarke y e greate new Church of S. Sauiour of Bermōdsay and also Bremōds eye it selfe He also foūded a goodly Hospitall in the Citie of Yorke called S. Leonards for the sustentation and finding of the pore as well breethren as systers Towardes Souldiers and men of warre he was very liberall and to enrich them he passed not to take from Fermors and husbandmen what soeuer could be gottē Hee was indeede of a prodigall nature and therefore when in the beginning of his raigne doubtyng some troubles he hadde assembled togither many men of war for his defence there was nothyng y t they could aske which he would deny to them in so much that his fathers treasures were soone cōsumed by reason whereof he was put to his shifts to prouide more for though substance wanted to shew his liberalitie yet there wanted not in hym a mind still to be bountifull for the continual vse of giuing rewards was in manner turned in him to a nature The liberall hart of Kyng William so that to furnish himselfe of money other things and to bestow of some he was driuen to take from other for in such sort he was liberall that therewith he was prodigall and so of a stout courage as proude withall and in suche wise seuere as hee seemed also cruell and hard to be entreated In what maner he vsed to make hys best of benefices and spirituall liuings it partly before appeareth In deede such was his conditiō that who soeuer woulde giue might haue that oftentimes withoute respect whether their sute was reasonable and allowable or not in somuch that it is tolde of him Iewes that beeing in Roan one tyme there came to hym dyuers Iewes whyche inhabited in that Citie complayning to him that diuers of their nation had renounced their Iewish Religion and were become Christians wherefore they besought him that for a certaine summe of money whiche they offered to gyue it myghte please him to constreyne them to abiure Christianitie and turne to the Iewish law againe hee was contented to satisfie their desires and so receiuing the money called them afore him what with threats and putting thē otherwise in feare he constreyned dyuers of them to forsake Christ and returne to their old errors Ther was also about the same time a yong man a Iew the which by a vision appearing vnto him as is saide was conuerted to the Christian faith and beeing
the assises also There died diuers in the court of this sickenesse as sir Francis Pointz which had bin ambassador in Spayn diuers other The K. for a space remoued almost euery day till he came to Tyntynhangar a place of the Abbot of S. Albous and there he with the Quene a small companie about them remained til the sicknesse was passe In this great mortalitie died sir WilliaÌ„ ComptoÌ„ knight WilliaÌ„ Cary esquier Sir VVilliam Compton which were of the kings priuie chaÌ„ber Ye haue heard how the people talked a little before the Cardinals goyng ouer into Fraunce the laste yeare Doctor Longlande Bishopp of Lincolne that the king was tolde by Doctor Longland Bishop of Lincolne other that his marriage with Queene Katherine coulde not bee good nor lawfull the trouth is that wheather this doubt was first moued by the Cardinall or by the sayd Longland being the kings confessor the king was not only brought in doubt whether it was a lawfull marriage or no but also determined to haue the case examined clered adiudged by lerning VVâ—…y the Cardinal vvas susâ—…ed to be aâ—… the marâ—… lawe and sufficient authoritie The Cardinall veryly was put moste in blame for this scruple now cast into y e kings conscience for the hate he bare to the Emperor bycause he would not graunt to him the Archbyshoprike of Toledo for the whiche hee was a suiter and therefore he did not onely procurâ—… the Kyng of Englande to ioygne in friendshippe with the Frenche king but also soughte a diuorse betwixte the Kyng and the Queene that the king mighte haue had in mariage the Duchesse of Alanson sister to the French king and as some haue thought â—…lider he trauailed in that matter with the Frenche king at Amiens but the Duchesse wold not giue care therto â—…d But howe soeuer it came about that y e king was thus troubled in conscience concernyng his mariage this folowed that like a wise prudent Prince to haue the doubt clearely remoued he called together the beste learned of the realme which were of seueral opinions wherfore he thought to know the trouth by indifferent iudges least peraduenture the Spanyardes and other also in fauor of the Quene wold say that his owne subiects were not indifferent Iudges in this behalfe and therefore he wrote his cause to Rome and also sente to all the Vniuersities of Italy and France and to the greate Clerkes of all Christendome to knowe their opinions and desired the Court of Rome to sende into his realme a Legate which shuld bee indifferente and of a greate and profounde iudgement to heare the cause debated At whose requeste the whole Consistorie of the College of Rome sente thither Laurence Camprius Cardynall Camprius sente 〈◊〉 Englande a priest Cardinall a man of great wit and experience whiche was sent hither before in the tenth yeare of this King as ye haue heard and with him was ioyned in coÌ„mission the Cardinall of York and legate of England This Cardinall came to London in October did intimate bothe to the king Queene the cause of his coÌ„ming which being knowne great talke was had therof The matter â—…chyng the Kings marriage â—…bated The Archbishop of Canterbury sent for y e famous doctors of both the vniuersities to Lambeth and there were euery daye disputations and commonings of this matter and bicause the king ment nothing but vprightly therein and knewe well that the Queene was somewhat wedded to hir owne opinion and wished that she shoulde doe nothyng without counsell he had hir choose the beste clearkes of his realme to be of hir counsell and licenced them to do the best on hir part that they coulde according to the truth Then she elected William Warham Archbishop of Canterbury The Quene choseth lavv 〈◊〉 for hir part and Nicholas Weast Bishop of Ely doctors of the laws and Iohn Fisher Bishop of Rochester and Henry Standishe bishop of Saint Assaph doctors of Diuinitie and many other doctors and well serned men which for a suretie lyke men of great learnyng defended hir cause as farre as learnyng might maynteyne and hold it vp This yere was sir Iames Spencer Maior of London Polidor in whose time the watche in London on Midsomer night was layd downe Aboute this time the king receiued into fauor Doctor Stephen Gardiner Doctor Stephen Gardner 1530 whose seruice he vsed in matters of great sâ—…crecie weighte admitting him in the roomth of Doctor Paco Doctor Paco the which being continually abrode in ambassades and the same oftentymes not muche necessarie by the Cardinalles appointements at length he toke such greefe therwith that he fell out of his right wittes The place where the Cardinals should sit to heare the cause of Matrimonie betwixt the king and the Quene An. reg 2â—… Hall was ordeined to be at the blacke Friers in London where in the greate Hall was preparation made of seates tables other furniture accordyng to suche a solemne Session and apparaÌ„ce The King and Quene ascited The king the Queene were ascited by Doctor Sampson to appeare before the Argates at the forenamed place the xxviij of May being the morrow after y e feast of Corpus Christi The King at the day assigned Polidore came fyrst to the court and there standing vnder his cloath of estate had these wordes to the Legates Ye reuerend fathers The Kinges vvordes to the legates I haue in marriage a wyfe to me most deare entierly beloued both for hir singular vertues of mynde and also for hir nobilitie of birth but sith I am the king of a mightie kingdome I muste prouide that it may be lawfull for me to lyue with hir duely lawfully iustly and godly and to haue childreÌ„ by hir vnto the whiche the inheritance of the kingdome may by righte moste iustly descende which two things shall followe if you by iuste iudgement approue our mariage lawful But if there be any doubte in it I shall desyre you by your authoritie to declare the same or so to take it awaye that in this thing both my conscience the mynds of the people may be quieted for euer After this coÌ„meth in the Quene the which there in presence of the whole courte moste greuously accuseth the Cardinall of vntrouth deceyt wickednesse and malice The Queene accuseth Cardinall VVolsy which had sowen dissention betwixt hir and the king hir husband and therfore openly protested that she did vtterly abhorre refuse and forsake suche a iudge as was not onely a most malicious enimie to hir but also a manifest aduersarie to all right and Iustice She appealeth to the Pope and therwith did she appeale vnto the Pope committyng hir whole cause to bee iudged of him and thus for that day the matter rested But notwithstanding this appeale the Legates sate weekely and euery day were argumentes brought in on bothe partes and proues alledged for
far of froÌ„ crediting the same that he would not beleue it vntil he saw the coffin open wherein the bones of the aforesaid prince did rest To be short therefore he caused his souldiers to cast downe the hil made somtime ouer the tombe and finding the bodie in the bottome after the measure thereof taken he sawe it manifestly to be 60. cubits in length which were ten more then the people made accompt of Philostrate in Heroices sayth Philostrate how he sawe the body of a Gyant 30. cubits in length also the carkasse of another of 22. and the thirde of 12. Plinie telleth of an Earthquake at Creta Lib. 7. which discouered the body of a Gyant which was 46. cubits in length after the Romaine standerde and by dyuers supposed to be the bodye of Orion or Aetion Trallianus writeth howe the Athenienses digging on a time in the grounde to laye the foundatioÌ„ of their new walles in the dayes of an Emperour Trallianus did finde the bones of Macrosyris in a coffin of harde stone of 10. cubites in length after the accompt of the Romaine cubite which was then a foote and an halfe not much diffrence from halfe a yarde of our measure nowe in Englande In the time of Hadriane themperour the body of a Gyaunt was take vp at Messana conteining 20. foote in length hauing a double row of téeth yet standing whole in his chaps In Dalmatia manye graues were shaken open with an earthquake in one of which aboue the rest a carcasse was found whose ribbe conteined 16. elles after the Romaine measure whereby y e whole body was iudged to be 64. sith y e loÌ„gest rib is coÌ„monly about y e fourth part of a man as some SimmetricieÌ„s affirme Arrhianê° saith that in the time of Alexander the bodies of y e Asianes were generally of huge stature and commonly of 5. cubits such was the height of Porus of Inde whome Alexander vanquished and ouerthrew in battaile Sudas speaketh in like maner of Ganges killed likewise by the sayd prince who farre excéeded Porus for he was 10. cubits loÌ„g But of al these this one example shall passe which I doe reade also in Trallianus he setteth downe in forme and manner following I mouth of 16. foote wide In the daies of Tiberius themperor saith he a corps was left bare or layde open after an erthquake of which eche tooth coÌ„teined 12. ynches ouer at y e lest now forasmuch as in such as bée full mouthed eche chap hath 16. teeth at the least which is 32. in y e whole néedes must the wydenesse of this mannes chappes be sixetéene foote and the opening of his lippes 10. A large mouth in mine opinion and not to féede with Ladies of my time besides that if occasion serued it was able to receiue the whole bodye of a man I meane of such as flourish in our daies WheÌ„ this careasse was thus founde euery man marueyled at it and good cause why a messenger also was sente vnto Tiberius themperour to know his pleasure A couÌ„terfeete made of a monstrous carcasse by one tooth taken out of y e head whether he wold haue the same brought euer vnto Rome or not but he forbade them willing his Legate not to remooue the deade out of his resting place but rather to sende him a tooth out of his head which being done he gaue the same to a cunning workeman commanding him to shape a carcasse of light matter after the proporcion of the tooth that at the least by such meanes he might satisfie his curious minde and the fantasies of such as are delited with newes This man was more fauorable to this moÌ„ster then our papists were to the bodies of the dead who tare them in péeces to make money of theÌ„ To be short wheÌ„ the ymage was once made and set vp an end it appeared rather an huge collossy then the true representation of the carcasse of a man and when it had stande in Rome vntill the people were wearye of it and thorowly satisfied with the sight thereof he caused it to bée broken all to péeces and the tooth sent againe to the carcasse from whence it came willing them moreouer to couer it diligently in any wise not to dismeÌ„ber the corps nor from thencefoorth to bée so hardie as to open the sepulchre any more I could rehearse many mo examples of the bodies of such men out of Solinus Sabellicus Cooper and other but these here shall suffise to prooue my purpose with all I might tell you in like sorts of the stone which Turnus threwe at Aeneas which was such as that 12. chosen and picked men Qualia nunc hominum producit corpora tellus Vis vnitâ—… fortior est eadem diâ—…persa were not able to sturre and remooue out of the place but I passe it ouer diuers of the like concluding that these huge blockes were ordeined and created by God first for a testimonie vnto vs of his power and myght secondly for a confirmation that hugenesse of bodye is not to be accompted of as a part of our felicitie sith they which possessed y e same were not onely tyrauntes doltysh and euyll men but also oftentimes ouercome euen by the weake and féeble Finally they were such in déede as in whome the Lorde delited not according to the saying of the Prophet Baruch Ibi fuerunt gigantes nominati illi qui ab initio fuerunt statura magna scientes bellum Cap. 3. â—… hos non elegit dominus neque illis viam disciplinae dedit propterea perierunt quoniam noÌ„ habuerunt sapientiam interierunt propter suam insipientiam c. There were the Gyants famous from the beginning that were of so great stature so expert in warre Those did not the Lorde choose neither gaue he the way of knowledge vnto them But they were destroied because they had no wisedome and perished through their owne foolishnesse Of the generall Language vsed from time to time in Britaine Chap. 5. WHat language came first wyth Samothes afterwarde with Albion Bryttish the Gyants of his coÌ„panie Small difference betwene brittish Celtike languagâ—… it is hearde for me to determine sith nothing of sound credit remayneth in writing which maye resolus vs in the truth hereof yet of so much are we certeine that the speach of y e auncient Britons and of the Celtes had great affinitie one with another so that they were either all one or at the leastwyse such as eyther nation wyth smal helpe of interpreters might vnderstand other and readily discerne what the speaker did meane The Brittish tongue doth yet remayne in that part of the Islande Brittish corrupted by the Latine and Saxon speaches which is nowe called Wales whether the Britons were driueÌ„ after the Saxons had made a full conquest of the other which we nowe call Englande although the pristinate integritie therof be not
generall prayer vnto God and earnest supplication for the good successe of these men they sent them home agayne with no small charge that they should be diligent in their function and carefull ouer the flocke committed to their custody The first of these was called Eluanus a man borne in the Isle of Aualon and brought vp there vnder those godly Pastours and their Disciples whom Phillip sent ouer at the first for the conuersion of the Brytons The other hight Medguinus and was thereto surnamed Belga bycause he was of y e towne of Welles which then was called Belga This man was trayned vp also in one schoole with Eluanus both of them being ornaments to their hory ages and men of such grauititie and godlinesse that Eleutherus supposed none more worthy to support this charge then they after whose comming home also it was not long ere Lucius and all his housholde with diuers of the nobility were Baptized A zealous prince maketh ferueÌ„t subiects beside infinity numbers of the common people which daily resorted vnto them and voluntarily renounced all their Idolatry and Paganisme In the meane time Eleutherus hearing of the successe of these learned Doctours supposing with himself that they two only could not suffice to supporte so great a burden as shoulde concerne the conuersion of the whole Islande Faganus Dinauus Aaron He directed ouer vnto them in the yeare insuing Faganus Dinaw or Dinauus Aaron and diuers other godly Preachers as fellow labourers to trauayle wyth them in the Vineyarde of the Lord. Radulphus de la noir alias Niger These men therfore after their comming hyther consulted wyth the other and forthwith they wholly consented to make a diuision of thys Islande amongst themselues 3. Chiefe Bishops in Britain appoynting what percel eche Preacher shold take y e with the more profits and ease of the people and somewhat lesse traueyle for themselues Theonus Theodosius the Doctrine of the Gospell might be preached and receaued In this distribution also they ordayned that there should be one congregation at London where they placed Theonus as chiefe Elder and Byshop London yorke Caerlheon for that present time Another at Yorke whether they appoynted Theodosius And the thirde at Caerlheon vpon the ryuer Vske which thrée cities had before time béene Archeflamines to the end that the couÌ„tries rounde about might haue indifferent accesse vnto those places and therewith all vnderstande for certeintie whether to resort for resolution if after their conuersion they shoulde happen to doubt of any thing Thus became Britaine the first Prouince Britainâ—… first Prâ—…uince thâ—… receyueâ—… Gospell generalâ—… that generally receyued the faith and where the Gospell was fréely preached without inhibition of hir prince Howbeit although that Lucius and hys princes and great numbers of his people imbraced the word with gréedinesse yet was not y e successe therof eyther so vniuersal that all men beléeued at the first y e security so great as that no persecution was to be feared from the Romaine empyre after his decease or the procéeding of the king so seuere as y t he inforced any man by publicke authoritie to forsake and relinquish his Paganisme but only this fréedom was enioyed that who so woulde become a christian in his time might without feare of his lawes professe the Gospel in whose testimonie if néede had béene I doubt not to affirme but that he woulde haue shed also his bloude as dyd his Nece Emerita Emerita néece 〈◊〉 Lucius who beyng constant aboue the common sort of women refused not after his decease by fire to yéelde hir selfe to death as a swéete smelling sacrifice in the nostrels of the Lorde beyonde the sea in Fraunce The fayth of Christ being thus planted in this Islande in the 177. Lucius â—…deth 〈◊〉 to Rome after Christ and Faganus and â–ª Dinaw with the rest sent ouer froÌ„ Rome in the 178. as you haue heard it came to passe in the thirde yeare of the Gospell receyued that Lucius did sende agayne to Eleutherus the Byshop requiring that he might haue some briefe Epitome of the order of discipline then vsed in the Churche For he well considered that as it auayleth little to plant a costly Vineyarde except it afterwarde be cherished kept in good order and such things as annoy daily remooued from the same so after Baptisme and entraunce into religion it profiteth little to beare the name of christians except we doe walke continually in the spirite Ro. 8. â—… haue such things as offende apparantly corrected by seuere discipline For otherwise it will come to passe y t the wéedes of vice and vicious liuing will so quickly abounde in vs that they will in the ende choke vp the good séede sowen in our mindes eyther inforce vs to returne vnto our former wickednesse with déeper security then before or else to become méere Atheistes which is a great deale woorse For this cause therefore dyd Lucius sende to Rome the seconde tyme for a copie of such politicke orders as were then vsed there in their regiment of the Church The wisedome of Eleutherus But Eleutherus considering w t himselfe how that al nations are not of like condition therfore those constitutions that are beneficiall to one may now and then be preiudiciall to another and séeing also that beside the worde no rites and orders can long continue or be so perfect in all points but that as time serueth they wil requyre alteration He thought it best not to lay any more vpon the neckes of the newe conuerts of Britaine as yet then christ his Apostles had already set downe vnto al men In returning therefore his messengers he sent letters by them vnto Lucius and hys nobilitie dated in the Consulships of Commodus and Vespronius wherein he tolde them that Christ had left sufficient order in y e scriptures for the gouernement of his Church already in his worde and not for that only but also for the regimeÌ„t of his whole kingdome if he woulde submit himselfe to yéelde follow that rule The Epistle it selfe is partly extaunt and partly perished yet such as it is and as I haue faithfullye translated it out of sundry copies I doe deliuer it euen here to the ende I will not defraude the reader of anye thing that may turne to his commoditie in the hystorie of our nation Epistle of Eleutherus vnto Lucius You requyre of vs the Romaine ordinaÌ„ces and therto the statutes of the Emperours to be sent ouer vnto you and which you desire to practise and put in vre within your realme and kingdome The Romaine lawes those of Emperours we may eftsoones reprooue but those of God can neuer be founde fault withall You haue receyued of late thorowe Gods mercy in the realme of Britaine the law and fayth of Christ you haue with you both volumes of the Scriptures out of them therefore by Gods grace and the Counsel
sorily so that in the ende when his countrey was inuaded by the West Saxons he was easily constreyned to departe into exile And thus was the kingdome of Kent annexed to the kingdome of the West Saxons after the same kingdome had continued in gouernmente of kings created of the same nation for the space of .382 yeres The ende of the kingdome of Kent 827 yeres that is to say from the yeare of our Lord .464 vnto the yere .827 Suithred or Suthred K. of Essex was vanquished and expulsed out of his kingdom by Egbert K. The end of the Kingdome of Eastsex of West Saxons as before ye may reade in the same yere that the kentishmen were subdued by the said Egbert or else very shortly after This Kingdome continued .281 yeres from the yere .614 vnto the yere .795 as by the table of the Heptarchie set foorth by Alexander Neuill it appeareth After the decesse of Kenvulfe K. of Mercia his sonne Kenelme a child of the age of .7 yeares was admitted K. Mat. VVest 821 The wickednesse of QueÌ„dred about the yere of our Lord .821 Hee had two sisters Quendred and Burgenild of the which the one that is to say Quendrede of a malitious minde moued through ambition enuyed hir brothers aduauncemente and sought to make him away so that in the ende she corrupted y e gouernor of his person one Ashberte with greate rewardes and high promises perswading him to dispatch hir innocent brother out of life that shee might raigne in his place Ashbert one day vnder a colour to haue the yong king foorthe on hunting King Kenelme murthered led him into a thicke wood and there cut off the head froÌ„ his body an Impe by reason of his teÌ„der yeres innocent age vnto the world voyde of gilt yet thus trayterously murthered without cause or crime he was afterward reputed for a Martir There hath gone a tale that his death should be signified at Rome and the place where the murther was committed by a straunge manner for as they say a white Doue came and alight vpon the Aulter of Saint Peter bearyng a scroll in hir 〈◊〉 which she let fall on the same Aulter in which scroll among other things this was contreyned in Cleâ—…c Koâ—… Bath Keneline Kenbarne lieth vnder thorne heaued betraned that is at Clenc in a Cow pasture Keneline the Kyngs Child lieth beheaded vnder a thorne This tale I reherse 〈◊〉 for any credite I thinke it 〈◊〉 of but only for y t it seemeth the place where the yong Prince innocently lost his life After that Keneline was thus made away Ceolwolf K. of Mercia 823 his Vncle Ceolwolfe the Brother of King Kenulfe was â—…reaâ—…ed King of Mercia and in the seconde yeare of his raigne was expulsed by Bernwolfe Bernwolfe in the thirde yeare or seconde as Harrison hath of his raigne was vanquished and put to flight in battell by Egbert King of West Saxons and shortly after 〈◊〉 of the East angles as before ye haue heard Then one Ludiâ—â—nus or Ludicanus was created King of Mercia and within two yeres after came to the like ende that hapâ—…es to his predecessor before him as he 〈◊〉 about to reuenge hys death so that the Kingdome of Britayne began now to recâ—…e from their owne estate and leane to an alteration which grew in the end to the erectioÌ„ of a perâ—â—t Monarchie and finall subuersion of their perticular estates and regiments After Ludicenus succeeded Wightlafe Mat. VVest 728 who first being vanquished by Egbert King of West Saxons was afterwardes restored to the Kingdome by the same Egbert and raigned thirtene yeres whereof twelue at the least were vnder tribute which he payed to the said Egbert and to his sonne as to his Soueraignes and supreme gouernoures The Kingdome of Northumberlande was brought in subiection to the Kings of West Saxons as before is mentioned in the yeare of oure Lord .828 828 and in y e yeare of the raigne of K. Egbert .28 but yet here it tooke not ende as after shall appeare EThelwoulfus otherwise called by some writers Athaulfus Ethelwolfus began his raigne ouer y e West Saxons in the yeare .837 which was in the .24 yere of the Emperour Ludouicus Pius that was also K. of France in the .10 yeare of Theophilus y e Emperour of the East about the third yere of Kenneth the seconde of that name K. of Scottes This Ethelvoulf minding in his youth to haue bin a Priest entred into the orders of SubdeacoÌ„ Hen. Hunt Math. VVest and as some write he was Bishop of Winchester but howsoeuer the matter stoode or whether he was or not sure it is that shortly after he was assoyled of his vowes by authoritie of Pope Leo and then maried a proper Gentlewoman named Osburga which was his butlers daughter Hee was of nature curteous and rather desirous to liue in quiet rest than to be troubled with the gouernement of many countreys â—…V Mal. so that coÌ„tenting himselfe with the kingdome of West Saxons he permitted his brother Athelstan to enioy the residue of the countreys which his father had subdued as Kent and Essex with other He ayded the K. of Mercia Burthred against the Welchmen and greatly aduanced his estimation by gyuyng vnto him his daughter in marriage But now the fourth destruction which chanced to this lande by forraine enimies â—…our especiall â—â—structions 〈◊〉 this land was at hande for the people of Denmarke Norway and other of those Northeast regions which in that season were greate rouers by Sea had tasted the wealth of this land by such spoiles and prayes as they hadde taken in the same so that perceiuing they coulde not purchase more profit any where else they set their myndes to inuade the same on each side as they had partly begun in the days of the late kings Brightrike and Egbert Hen. Hunt Simon Dun. The persecutioÌ„ vsed by these Danes seemed more greeuous than any of the other persecutions either before or sithence that time for y e Romanes hauing quickly subdued the land gouerned it nobly withoute seeking the subuersion thereof The Scottes and Pictes only inuaded y e North partes And the Saxons seeking the conquest of the land when they had once gote it they kept it and did what they could to better and aduance it to a florishing estate And likewise the Normans hauing made a conquest graunted both life libertie and auntient lawes to the former inhabitants But the Danes long time and often assayling the land on euery side now inuading it in this place and now in that did not at y e first so much couete to conquere it as to spoyle it nor to beare rule in it as to wast destroy it who if they were at anye time ouercome the victorers were nothing the more in quiet for a new nauie and a greter army was ready to make some new inuasioÌ„ neither did they enter all at one place
Rome so as it might not bee lawfull from thencefoorth to any that was not of the realme of Scotlande to pronounce sentence of interdiction or excommunicatioÌ„ or otherwise to deale in iudgement of ecclesiastical causes except such one as the Apostolike sea of Rome should specially appoint and send thither with legantine power The date of y e said bul or letters of exeÌ„ption thus obteined was at the Popes palace of Laterane the third Ides of March and first yeare of the saide Pope Clements gouernment Shortly after The death of Henry king of England to wit in the yeare .1198 died Henry king of Englande after whome succeded his seconde sonne Richardâ—… for Henrye his eldest son deceassed before his father King Richard King Richard after his coronation prepared himself to passewith an army into the holy land and therfore made peace with all his neighbors that no trouble shuld follow to his realme by reson of his absence herevpon to kepe the Scots in frendship rather by beneuolence than by feare he rendred into their handes the castels of Roxbuegh The castels of Rosburgh Berwik and Sterling rendred to king William Barwike and Sterlyng And moreouer that parte of Northumberlande whiche hys father had taken from king William when hee tooke him prisoner He also deliuered the Erledomes of Huntingdon and Cumberland but vnder condition that all the castels and boldes within them shoulde be in the keeping of his captains and souldiours suche as he should appoynt He released to king William also the residue of suche summes of money as were due for the foure castels layde to guage ten thousand poundes only excepted which he receyued in hande at that present towards the charges of his iourney When king William had thus receyued hys lands and castels by surrender Erle of Huntington Scottes with king Richard in the holye lande he made his brother Dauid Erle of Huntington who thervpon doing his homage vnto king Richard acording to the olde ordinance deuised by king Malcolme the first weÌ„t with him also in that voyage with fiue hundred Scottishemen or rather fiue thousande as the translator of Hector Boetius hath if no fault be in the printer The siege of Acres Oliuer a scottishmen As the christian armye laye at siege before the citie of Acres otherwise called Acon if chaunced that one Oliuer a Scottishman born was within y e town reteined in seruice amoÌ„gst y e Sarasins for being conuict of felonic in his natiue couÌ„trey he was banished out of the same fled to the Sarasins remaining so long amongst them y t he had lerned their toung very perfectly so that as then fewe knewe what countreyman he was It fortuned that this Oliuer had one of the gates in keping on y e side the towne where was but a single wall without trenches or any other fortification He hapned by some good aduenture to espy amongst y e watch of those y t were of the retinue of Dauid Erle of HuntingtoÌ„ one of his own kinsmeÌ„ named Iohn Durward Iohn Durwarde with whom of long time before he had bin most familiarly acquainted and incoÌ„tineÌ„tly he called vnto y e same Durward desiring vnder assuraÌ„ce to talke with him After certain coÌ„municatioÌ„ for y t this Oliuer had not as yet vtterly in his hart renouÌ„ced y e christian faith he appointed with Durwarde to giue entrie at a certaine houre vnto Erle Dauid Erle Dauid entred the citie Acon to al y e christian army vpon condition y t Erle Dauid wold see him restored again vnto his land heritage in ScotlaÌ„d The houre set Erle Dauid came with a great power of 〈◊〉 to y e gate before rehersed where he was suffred to enter acording to apointmeÌ„t and incontineÌ„tly with great noise and elamour brake into the middest of the citie In the morning betimes king Richard perceiuing the citie thus wonne entred the same shortly after also wan a towre which the Sarasins for a while maÌ„fully defended and thus was the citie of Acres won from the Sarasins chiefly by meanes of the Scottishemen But now touching their returne from this voyage for sith in other places more large mencion is made of such exploites as were atchieued therin I passe ouer to make any loÌ„ger discourse therof in this place ye shall vnderstand y t in that streynable tempest in y e whiche king Richards nauie was dispersed in his coÌ„ming homewardes as in the historie of England is more at large expressed y e ship also that Erle Dauid was in chaunced to be thrown a lande on the coastes of Egypt where being taken prisoner led into Alexandria Erle Dauid taken prisoner He is redemed at length he was redemed by certain merchants of Venice first conueyed vnto Constantinople after vnto Venice where he was bought out redeemed by the English marchants in the end suffred to depart home At his coÌ„ming into Flanders he hyred a vessell at Sluyce He wente to Scotlande therwith to returne into Scotland but beieng lewsed a little off from the shore such a behement tempest sodenly arose that droue him not without great daÌ„ger of life neere to the coastes of Norway and Shetland Here in the middest of this extreme ieopardie as hath bin reported after he had made a vowe to buylde a Churche in the honour of the virgin Mary if he myght escape that daunger of seas A â—â—â—ed at Dundâ—…e he ariued at length in Tay water besyde Dundee not farre from Saint Nicholas Chapell without eyther rudder or tackle The place where he arriued before that time hyghte Alectum but hee as then chaunged the name and called it Dundee The name of Dundee whiche signifieth as though ye should say the gift of God When his brother the king heard that he was returned supposing long tyme before that hee had bin dead he came speedyly vnto Dundee to welcome him home shewing himself most glad of his returne in so muche Procession was holden that hee caused publike processions to be celebrate thorough the realme to giue God thankes that had thus restored his brother home into his countrey Erle Dauid also according as he had vowed A Churche buylte buylded a Church in the field commonly called the Wheate fielde and dedicating it in honour of the virgin Mary made it a parishe churche At a parliamente also holden after thys at Dundee licence was graunted vnto hym to buylde an Abbey in what place it shoulde please hym within Scotlande and to endowe it with landes and rentes as he shoulde thinke good Priuiledges graunted to the towne of Dundee There were also many priuiledges graunted the same time vnto Dundee whiche endure to this daye Erle Dauid not refusing the graunt and beneuolence of the king his brother The abbey of Landoris buylded an abbey called Lundoris for monkes of the order of S. Benet One thing there is much to
trust to purchase some large portion of mony in Scotlande Scotland interdited put the same vnder proces of interditing namely he accursed king Alexander most terribly for that he had inuaded England and as he alledged spoyled Churches as well as prophaine places These cursings ◅ inflamed the heartes of the Scottish men with hatred agaynst the Englishemen that the same was not like to haue ended without the vtter destruction and ruine of both their realmes Neuerthelesse at length by the diligent trauayle of the Bishops of Yorke and Salisburie Bishops of Yorke and Salisburie which came vnto king Alexander to treate an agreement a finall peace was concluded vnder these conditions A peace concluded First it was agreed that King Alexander should render the Citie of Carleil into the English mens handes The conditiōs and king Henrie the towne of Barwike vnto the Scottes The whole dominion of Cumberland to remaine vnto king Alexander with the one halfe of Northumberlande to the Recrosse And further that King Alexander shoulde be absolued of the Censures of the Churche which Gualo the Cardinall had denounced agaynst him Thus the two Kings beeing accorded the two foresayde Byshops comming vnto Barwike assoyled King Alexander and deliuered his Realme of the interdiction by suche authoritie as they had procured of the Cardinall Gualo But yet the same Cardinall not mynding to depart with emptie handes The cleargy of Scotland sommoned by cardinal Gualo to come to Anwike summoned all the Prelates of Scotlande to appeare before him at Anwike there to receyue theyr full absolution to the intent by such meanes to trouble them tyll they had disbursed to his vse some large portion of money Sundrie of them which loued quietnesse more than contention satisfyed his mynde but others refused vtterly so to doe taking great indignation that spirituall causes were thus dispatched for money Sale of spirituall promotions ecclesiasticall prefermentes bought and solde no otherwise than secular possessions and prophane dignities The Scottish clergie cited to Rome Incontinently therevpon Gualo cited them to Rome supposing that rather thā to take vpon them so long a iourney they woulde haue compounded with him at his pleasure Notwithstanding they beeing nothing in doubt thereof The cōplaint of the Scottish cleargie to the Pope went vnto Rome and at theyr commyng thyther made vnto the Pope their complaint in most grieuous maner of the insufferable iniuries attempted in England Scotland by his most couetous Legate the foresayde Gualo The auarice of Cardinall Gualo By reason of which complaint and of sundrie such letters and informations as dayly came out of England and Scotland from other Bishoppes and Abbots conteyning right grieuous accusations concerning the insatiable auarice of Gualo the Pope reuoked him home vnto Rome to make answer in his presence vnto such matters as were layd to his charge At his returne thither forsomuch as hee was not able to discharge himselfe of suche manifest crymes wherewith hee was burdened Cardinal Gualo condemned in a summe of money the Pope condemned him in a great summe of money to bee payed as a fine for his trespasse and transgressions And those Scottishe Bishops The Scottish Bishops absolued which were come for their absolution were absolued by the Pope and suffred to depart in peace In this meane tyme Dauid Earle of Huntington Dauid Erle of Huntington deceased brother to William late king of Scots ◅ of whom ye haue heard before howe he went in the iourney made by the Christian Princes into the holy lande deceassed 1219 and was buried within an Abbay in England Henrie king of Englande after he came to yeares of perfite descretion An enterviewe betwixt the kings of Englande and Scotlande shewed himselfe to be more desirous of peace than of warres Wherevpon at Yorke there was a meeting appoynted betwixt him and King Alexander where mutuall alliaunce was accorded betwixt them on this wise Iane the sister of King Henrie was promised to bee giuen in mariage to King Alexander Mariages concluded and two sisters of King Alexander were despoused vnto two great Princes of the English Nobilitie These maryages were thus concluded in the yeare of our Lord 1220. In the yeare next following came a Legate into Scotlande from Pope Honorius A Legate sent from Pope Honorius for a collection with bulles to gather a summe of money towards the furnishing forth of an armie against the Turkes or rather Sarasins This Legate was a Cardinall and named Egidius who hauing purchased no small quantitie of coyne both of the Cleargie and Laitie of Scotland spent the same in riot and outrageous insolencie making his excuse at his returne to Rome A Legate excuse howe it was taken from him by certaine Brygants and robbers Within short while after was an other Legat with semblable commission sent into Scotland from the foresayde Pope An other Legate But king Alexander being aduertised of his comming called a counsell in the whiche one of the Bishops that as should seeme tooke great indignation to see howe couetousnesse raigned in moste shamefull wise amōgst the Romish Legates spake in maner as followeth Howbeeit sundrie considerations there are An oration of a Bishop which might stay me from vttering such things as be moste preindiciall to the common wealth yet most noble Prince when I consider thy humanitie fayth and constancie giuen to nothing more than to the defence and weale of thy true liege people I cannot but for the zeale I beare to common libertie declare the truth for sithe all maner of tyrannie is intollerable yea euen that Tyrannie intollerable which is exercised by Kings or Princes descended by liniall succession to theyr rightfull herytage much more is that tyrannie to bee detested whiche is exercised by men of vile and base lynage Men of base linage Therefore if the sundrie and manifest wrongs done to vs these many yeares now passed had come by the Popes themselues the same might somewhat more sufferably haue beene borne Men of base lynage but sithe naughtie vile persons of base byrth and obscure lynage promoted to benefices and ecclesiasticall dignities onely for theyr wicked and horrible vices haue not onely interdyted our Realme without lawfull commission but haue also consumed in maintenaunce of theyr wanton and insolent vices that money whiche they gathered in our Countrey by the Popes authoritie vnder colour of raysing and army to goe agaynst the Turkes and Infidels I am of this opinion that theyr cursed auarice ought to haue no further place amongst faythfull people specially amongst vs whose simplicitie and humblenesse they haue in contempt In the yeares passed ye complayned of the iniuries done by Gualo The Scottes sore offended against Gualo when he had put your Realme vnder the censure of interdyting and the most part of your prelates vnder the curse bycause they would not answere him of
Frenche saide to the Knight that helde his bridle Aske of this Chorle whether hee hathe dreamed all this that hee telleth or not and the Knight expounded it in English wherevnto the man aunswered whether I haue dreamed it in my sleepe or not take thou heede to my words and marke what day this is for if thou do not amende thy life and doe as I haue aduertised thee before a twelue moneth come to an ende thou shalt heare such tidings as will make thee sorowfull all the dayes of thy life after The man when this was saide vanished away suddenly and the King tooke his wordes but in sporte howbeit hee wondered that hee was so suddenly gone as hee did likewise at his suddayne appearing Many other warnings the King had saith mine author but he set little thereby The seconde warnyng hee receyued of an Irishman that tolde hym tokens that were most priuie The thirde tyme a Knighte of Lindsey called Philip of Chesterby passing the Sea came to the Kyng into Normandy and there declared vnto him seuen Articles which he should amend and if he so did then he told him that he should raigne seuen yeares in great honor and winne the holy Crosse and subdue Gods enimies If he did not amend and redresse those poyntes then should he come to death with dishonor in the fourth yeare The first article or point was that he shoulde seeke to maynteyne holy Church The seconde that hee shoulde cause rightfull lawes to be executed The thirde that he shoulde condemne no man without lawfull proces The fourth that he shoulde restore the landes goodes and heritages to those rightfull owners from whome he had taken them by any wrongfull dome or other vnlawfull meanes The fifth that he should cause euery manne to haue right without bribing and giuing of meede The sixth that he should pay his debtes as wel due to any of his subiects for any stuffe taken vp of them to his vse as to his seruantes and Souldiers whiche bycause they coulde not haue theyr wages truely payde to them fell to robbing and spoyling of true labouring men The seuenth last Article was that he should cause the Iewes to be auoyded out of the lande by whome the people were sore empouerished with suche vnmercifull vsurie as they exercised The K. notwithstanding these and other like warnings tooke no regard to the amendmente of his sinfull life wherevpon as is thought the troubles which ensued light vppon him by Gods iust appoyntment But nowe to returne to his sonne the yong King by whome the troubles were moued who after that he had receyued the Crowne togither with his sayde wife Ro. Houd Gerua Dâ—â— they both passed the seas incontinently backe againe into Normandy where on the seuen and twentith of September at a generall assemble holden within the Citie of Auranches in the Church of the Apostle S. Andrew King Henry purgeth him selfe of the Archbishop Beckets 〈◊〉 King Henry the father before the Cardinals the Popes Legates and a greate number of Bishops and other people made his purgation in receyuing an oth vppon the holy relikes of the Saints and vpon the sacred Euangelistes that he neyther willed nor commaunded the Archbyshop Thomas to be murthred and that when hee heard of it he was sorie for it But bycause hee could not catch them that slew the Archbishoppe and for that he feared in his conscience least they had executed that vnlawfull acte vpoÌ„ a presumptuous boldnesse for that they had perceiued hym to bee offended with the Archbishop hee sware to make satisfaction for giuing such occasion in this maner First that he woulde not depart froÌ„ Pope Alexander nor from his Catholike successours so long as they shoulde repute him for a Catholike King Agayne that hee would neyther impeache Appeales nor suffer them to bee impeached but that they might freely be made within y e Realme vnto the Pope in causes ecclesiasticall so yet that if the King haue the parties suspected they shall finde hym sureties that they shall not procure harme or hinderance whatsoeuer to him or to his Realme He also sware that within three yeares after the natiuitie of our Lorde next ensuing he shoulde take vpon him the Crosse and in person passe into the holy lande excepte Pope Alexander or his successors tooke other order with him But if vpon any vrgente necessitie he chaunced to goe into Spaine to war againste the Sarazens there then so long space of time as he speÌ„t in that iourney hee mighte deferre his going into the East partes In the meane time he bound hymselfe by his oth to employ so muche money as the Templers shoulde thinke sufficiente for the finding of two hundred Knightes or men of armes for one yeares tearme in defense of the holy lande Furthermore hee pardoned his wrath conceyued againste those which were in exile for the Archbyshop Thomas his came so that they mighte returne againe into the Realme He further sware to restore all the lands and possessions which had bin taken away from the See of Canterbury as they were belonging thereto in the yere before the departure of y e Archbishop Thomas out of England He sware also to take away and abolish all those customes which in his time had burbrought in against the Church as preiudiciall thereto All these Articles faithfully and withoute male ingene to performe and fulfil in euery degree he receiued a solemne oth and caused his son the yong K. being there present to receiue the same for performance of all those Articles such as touched his owne person only excepted and to the intente the same shoulde remayne in the Popes consistorie as matter of record he put his seale vnto the writing wherein the same Articles were ingrossed togyther with the seales of the abouementioned Cardinals Shortly after K. Henry the father suffered the yong K. his son to goe into Fraunce togither with his wife to visit his father King Lewis accordingly as their duties required whyche iourney verily bred the cause of the dissentioÌ„ that followed betwixt him and his father King Lewis most louingly receiued them as reason was and caused diuers kindes of triumphant playes pastimes to be shewed to the honor and delectation of his son in law and daughter But yet whilest this yong Prince soiourned in France King Lewis not hartily fauouring the K. of England and there withall perceiuing the rash and hedstroÌ„g disposition of the yong K. did first of all inuegle him to consider of his estate The French â—…ng seeketh â—…tâ—…w seditioÌ„ betwixt the â—â—tner and the â—â—nne and to remember y t he was now a K. equal vnto his father and therfore he aduised him so shortly as he could to get y e entire gouernemente out of hys fathers handes wherevnto hee furthermore promised him all the aide that lay in hym to performe The yong K. being ready ynough not only to worke vnquietnesse but also to folow his father in lawes
see was then voyd and sent him into Ireland with Laurence the Archbishop of Dublin to be consecrated of Donate the Archbishop of Cassels A great deâ—â— The same yeare both Englande and the countreyes adioyning were sore vexed with a greate mortalitie of people and immediately after followed a sore dearth and famine King Henry helde his Christmas at Windsor An. Reg. 〈◊〉 1176 and about the feast of the conuersioÌ„ of Saint Paule he came to Northampton and now after that the mortalitie was well ceassed A Parliamâ—â—â— at Northâ—â—ton hee called a Parliamente there at the whiche was presente a Deacon Cardinall entitled of S. Angelo beyng sent into England as a Legate from the Pope to take order in the controuersies betwixte the two Archbishops of Canterbury and Yorke This Cardinall whose name was Hugh Petro Lione Mat. Parâ—â— assembling in the same place a conuocation or Synod of the Bishops and Clergie as well of England as Scotland in which conuocation after the ceassing of certeine strifes and decrees made as well concerning the state of coÌ„mon wealth as for the honest behauiour of mans life the Cardinall consented that accordingly as by the Kings lawes it was already ordeined all maner of persons within the sacred orders of y e Clergie An acte against Priâ—â—â— that were â—â—â—ters which should hunt within y e Kings groundes and kill any of his Deare shuld be conuented and punisheable before a temporall Iudge which libertie graunted to the King did so infringe the immunitie which the Cleargie pretended to haue within this Realme that afterwardes in many poyntes Priestes were called before temporall Iudges and punished for their offences as well as the Laitie though they haue grudged indeede and mainteined that they had wrong therein as they that would be exempt and iudged by none except by those of their owne order Polidor â—…eruas Dorâ—… Moreouer at this Counsell Kyng Henry restored vnto Robert Earle of Lecester all his laÌ„ds both on this side the sea and beyond in manner as hee helde the same fifteene dayes before the warre To William de Albeny Earle of Arundell he gaue the Erledome of Sussex About midlent the King with hys sonne and the Legate came to London where at Westminster a Conuocation of the Cleargie was called but when the Legate was set and the Archbishop of Canterbury on his right hand as primate of the Realme the Archbyshop of Yorke comming in The presumptuous demâ—â—nor of the Archbishop of Yorke disdeining to sitte on the left hand where he might seeme to giue preheminence vnto the Archbishop of Canterbury vnmanerly ynough indede swasht him down meaning to thrust himselfe in betwixt the Legate and the Archb. of Canterbury where belike the sayd Archb. of Canterbury was loth to remoue hee set his buttockes iust in his lappe but he vnneth touched the Archbishops skirt with his bumme wheÌ„ the Bishops and other Chapleines and their seruantes stept to him pulled him away and threwe him to the grounde and beginning to ley on hym with bats fistes the Archb. of Canterbury yeelding good for euill sought to saue him from theyr hands Appeales made After this followed appealings the Archbyshop of Yorke appealed to Rome and the Legate also for his owne safegard appealed the Archbyshoppe of Canterbury vnto Rome whiche Archbishop submitting himselfe and his cause vnder the Popes protection made a like solemne appeale from the Legate to the Pope The Legate perceiuing that the matter wente otherwise than hee wished and sawe little remedie to be had at that present gaue ouer his Legateship as it had bin of his owne accorde though greatly agaynste hys will and prepared himselfe to depart Yet neuerthelesse through mediation of friendes that trauelled betwixt them they gaue ouer their appeales on either syde and dissimuled the displeasures whiche they had conceyued eyther against other but yet the conuocation was dissolued for that time The Conuocation dissolued and the two Archbishoppes presented theyr compleyntes to the King who kepte his Easter thys yeare at Winchester and about the same time or shortly after licenced his sonne Henry to sayle ouer into Normandy meaning shortly after to goe vnto Compostella in Spaine to visite the body of Saint Iames the Apostle but beeing otherwise aduised by his fathers letters hee kepte not on his purpose but stayed at home The same yeare the Lady Iohan the Kyngs daughter was giuen in marriage vnto William King of Sicill Also the same yere died the Lorde chiefe Iustice of Irelande N. Triuet Roberte Earle of Striguill otherwise Chepstow then was William Fitzaldelme ordeined Lorde chiefe Iustice in hys place who seased into the Kynges hands all those fortresses which the sayd Earle of Striguill helde within the Realme of Irelande The Irishmen agreed also to yeelde to the Kyng a tribute of twelue pence yearely for euery house â—…eg Hou â—…ic triuet or else for euery yoke of Oxen whiche they had of their owne A tribute graÌ„ted by the Irishe William Earle of Arundell dyed also this yeare at Wauerley and was buried at Wymondham â—…eg Houed This yeare when it mighte haue bin thoughte that all things hadde bin forgotten touching the rebellious attemptes made against King Henry the father by his sonnes â—…he walles 〈◊〉 the towne 〈◊〉 Castell â—…f Lecester â—â—â—â—s ed. and other as before yee haue heard he caused the walles both of the town and Castell of Leicester to bee raced and broken downe and also all such other Castels and places of strength whiche had bin kept againste him during the time of that Rebellion were likewise ouerthrowen and made playne with the grounde as the Castels of Huntington Waleton Growby Hey Stutesbirry or Sterdesbirry Malasert the newe Castell of Allerton the Castels of Fremingham and Bungey with diuers other bothe in England and Normandy But the Castels of Pascy and Mountsorell he reteined in hys owne hands as his of right beeing so found by a iurie of free holders empanelled there in the countrey And further he seazed into his hands all the other Castels of Byshoppes Earles and Barons bothe in Englande and Normandy appoynting keepers in them at hys pleasure â—…leanor the â—…ings daughâ—â—r married 〈◊〉 to the king â—…f Castile â—…ilbert Fitz â—…ergus Also this yeare he married his daughter Eleanor vnto Alfonse K. of Castile Moreouer Gilbert the son of Fergus Lord of Galloway whiche hadde slayne his brother Vthred cousin to King Henry came this yeare into Englande vnder conduit of William King of Scotlande and became King Henry the fathers man swearing to him fealtie against all men and for to haue his loue and fauour he gaue to hym a thousand markes of siluer and deliuered into hys hands his sonne Duncane as a pledge It is to be remembred also Richard Earle â—…f Poictow that in this yeare Richard Earle of Poyctow sonne to King Henry foughte with certaine Brabanders his enimies
that the Frenche kings sonne shoulde nowe obteine the kingdome Simon Langton Chancellor to Lewes who in the meane time ordeyned Simon Langton afore mentioned to bee his Chancellor by whose preaching and exhortation aswel the Citizens of London as the Barons that were excoÌ„municate caused diuine seruice to be celebrated in their preseÌ„ce induced therto bycause Lewes had alreadie sent his procurators to Rome before his coming into Englande there to shewe the goodnesse of his cause and quarell But this auayled them not neyther tooke his excuse any such effect as he did hope it should for those Ambassadors that king Iohn had sent thither replied against theyr assertions so that there was hard hold about it in that Court albeit that the Pope would decree nothing till he heard further from his Legate Gualo Carâ—…lo câ—… ouer iâ—… lande who the same time being aduertised of the procedings of Lewes in his iorney w t all diligence hasted ouer into England passing through the middle of his aduersaries came vnto King Iohn as then soiorning at Glocester of whoÌ„ he was most ioyfully receiued for in him king Iohn reposed all his hope of victorie This Legate immediatly after his coÌ„ming did excoÌ„municate Lewes by name with all hys fautors coÌ„plices but specially Simon de Langton with booke bel caÌ„del as y e maner was But the same Simon one Geruase de Hobrug dean of S. Pauls in LoÌ„don with other alledged that for the right and state of the cause of Lewes they had alredy appealed to the court of Rome therfore the sentence published by Gualo they tooke as voyd The same time also all the knights men of warre of Flanders and other parties of beyond the sea which had serued the king The 〈◊〉 part of thâ—… straungâ—… parâ—… 〈◊〉 seruice oâ—… Iohn departed from him except onely the Poictouins And part of them that thus went from him resorted vnto Lewes and entred into his wages but the residue repayred home into their owne countries so y t Lewes being thus encreased in power departed froÌ„ London marching towards Winchester he wan y e castels of Rigate Guildford Farnham Castel 〈◊〉 by Ieâ—… From thence he went to Winchester where y e Citie was yeelded vnto him with all the Castels and holdes thereabout as Woluefey Odyham and Beamnere Whilest the sayde Lewes was thus occupyed in Sussex about the subduing of that countrey vnto his obeysance there was a yong Gentleman in those parties named William de Collingham â—…am de â—…ingham â—…tleman â—…ssex who in no wise would doe fealtie to Lewes but assembling togither aboute the number of a thousande archers kept himselfe within the wooddes and deserte places whereof that countrey is full and so during all the tyme of this warre shewed himselfe an enimie to the French men slaying no small numbers of them as he tooke them at any aduantage In like manner all the Fortresses Townes and Castels in the South parties of the Realme were subdued vnto the obeysance of Lewes the Castels of Douer and Windesor onely excepted Within a little while after Wil. te Mandeuile Robert Fitz Walter and William de Huntingfield â—…els fortiâ—…by Kyng â—…n with a greate power of men of warre dyd the like vnto the Countreys of Essex and Suffolke In whyche season Kyng Iohn fortified the Castels of Wallingforde Corfe Warham Bristow the Vies and diuerse others with munition and vittailes About whych time letters came also vnto Lewis from his procurators which he had sent to the Pope by the tenor whereof he was aduertised that notwithstanding all that they coulde doe or say the Pope meante to excommunicate him and did but onely stay till he had receyued some aduertisement from his Legate Gualâ—… The chiefest poyntes as we fynde that were layde by Lewes his procurators againste King Iohn were these The poyntes wherewith King Iohn was charged that by the murther committed in the person of his nephew Arthur hee had bene condemned in the Parliamente chamber before the Frenche Kyng by the peeres of Fraunce and that beeing summoned to appeare he had obstinately refused so to doe and therefore had by good right forfeyted not only his lands within the precinct of Fraunce but also the Realme of England which was now due vnto the sayde Lewes as they alledged in righte of the Lady Blanche his wife daughter to Eleanor Quene of Spaine But the Pope refelled all suche allegations as they produced for proofe heereof and seemed to defende King Iohns cause very pithyly but namely in that hee was vnder the protection of him as supreme Lord of Englande And againe for that hee had taken vppon him the Crosse as before ye haue heard But now to returne where we left The Castell of Norwich left for a pray to Lewes Moreouer at his comming to Norwiche hee found the Castell voyde of defence and so tooke it without any resistaunce and put into it a garrison of his Souldiers Also hee sente a power to the Towne of Linne Linne whiche conquered y e same and tooke the Citizens prisoners causing them to pay greate summes of money for theyr raunsomes Thomas de Burgh taken prisoner Moreouer Thomas de Burgh Chatelayne of the Castel of Norwich who vpon the approch of the Frenchmenne to the Citie fiedde out in hope to escape was taken Prisoner and put vnder-safekeeping He was brother vnto Hubert de Brughe Captayne of Douer Castell Moreouer hee sequestred all the benefices of those persons and religious men that eyther ayded or councelled Lewes and the Barons in their attemptes and enterprises All whiche benefices he speedily conuerted to his owne vse and to the vse of his Chaplaynes In the meane time Lewes was broughte into some good hope thorough meanes of Thomas de Burgh whome he had taken Prisoner as before you haue heard to perswade his brother Hubert to yeld vp y e Castel of Douer the siege where of was the next enterprise which he attempted For his father king Phillippe hearing that the same was kepte by a garrison to the behoofe of Kyng Iohn wrote to his sonne in blaming him that hee left behynde hym so strong a fortresse in hys enimies handes Lewes reuelleth iâ—… vayne 〈◊〉 the Castell of Douet Raufe Câ—… But though Lewes enforced hys whole endeuour to winne that Castell yet all his trauayle was in vayne For the sayde Hubert de Burgh and Gerard de Sotigam that were chiefe Captaynes within dyd theyr best to defende it agaynste hym and all hys power so that despayring to winne it by force hee assayed to obteyne his purpose by threatning to hang the Captaynes brother before hys face if he woulde not yelds the sooner But when that would not serue he soughte to winne him by large offers of golde and syluer Howbeit such was the singular constancie of Huberte that hee woulde gyue no care to those his flattering motions Then Lewes in a great
Henrye as before wee haue mencioned But nowe to the purpose of the Historye Ye haue hearde howe Lewes has spent long tyme in vayne about the bâ—…yng of the Castell of Douer for although 〈◊〉 constrayned them within ryght fore yet Huberte de Burghe and Girarde de Sotigam bare them selues so manfully and therewith so politikely that their aduersaries coulde not come to vnderstande their distresse and daunger within the Castell in so muche that dispairing to winne it in â—…y shorte tyme euen before the deathe of Kyng Iohn was knowne as some write â—…eâ—… 〈◊〉 contented to graunte a truce to them that kept this Castell tyll the feaste of Easter nexte enâ—…yng but as it appeareth by other thys truâ—… was not concluded till after the death of Kyng Iohn was signified to Lewes who greately reioycing thereat supposed nowe wythin a shorte tyme to bryng the whole Realme vnder hys subiection and therefore raysyng his siege from Douer in hope to compasse enterprises of greater consequence came backe vnto the Citie of London When they within the Castell of Douer saw the siege remoued they came foorthe and brente suche houses and buyldyngs as the Frenchemen hadde reysed before the same Castell and commyng abroade into the Countrey gotte togyther suche victuals and other necessarie prouision as myghte serue for the furnishing of theyr fortresse for a long season After that Lewes was retourned vnto London he remayned not long there but wyth a greate armye marched foorthe vnto Harteforde where he besieged the Castell whyche was in the keepyng of Walter de Godardule seruaunte of householde vnto Foulques de Brente Mat. Paris who defended the place from the feast of Saint Martine vnto the feaste of Saincte Nicholas Hartford Castell deliuered to Levves and then delyuered it by composition that he and his people myghte departe wyth all theyr goodes horse and armour From thence Lewes wente vnto Berkhamstede and besieged that Castell whyche was valiauntly defended by a Dutche Capitayne named Waleron who with hys people behaued hymselfe so manfully that a greate number of Frenchemen and other of them without were lefte deade in the ditches Mat. Paris Lewes hauyng furnished this castell with a sufficient garnison returned back towards London and comming to Sainte Albanes constrayned the Abbotte to giue vnto him foure score markes of syluer for a fyne to be respected of doing his homage vnto the feaste of the Purification of our Ladye nexte ensuyng Whiche poore Abbot was made to beleue that he ought to take thys dealing to be an acte of great courtesy the Earle of Winchester being an earnest meane for hym that he myght so easily escape Bernewell A Truce About the same tyme was a generall truce taken betwixte the kyng and Lewes and all their partakers till the .xx. daye after Christmasse for the obteyning of whiche truce as some write the Castell of Berkchamsteede was surrendred vnto the same Lewes as beefore yee haue hearde After Christmasse and whylest the truce yet dured 1217 Lewes and the Barons assembled at the Councell whiche they helde at Cambridge and the Lordes that tooke part with the kyng mette likewyse at Oxford and muche talke there was and great trauayle imployed to haue concluded some agreemente by composition beetwixte the parties but it would not bee nor yet any longer truce which was also sought for could be granted Wherevpon Lewes besieged the Castell of Hydingham the whiche togyther with the Castels of Norwich Colchester and Orford were surrendred vnto hym to haue a truce graunted vntill a moneth after Easter next ensuing And so by this meanes all the east parte of the realme came vnto the possession of Lewes For the Isle of Elye was wonne by his people a little before the laste truce whylest he hymselfe lay at siege of Berkhamstede excepted one fortresse belongyng to the same Isle into the whiche the Souldiors that serued ther vnder the king were withdrawn But yet although Lewes might seme thus partly to preuayle in hauing these castelles delyuered into his handes he beeing yet aduertised that dayly there reuolted diuers of the barons of Englande vnto king Henry which before had taken part with him he stood in great doubt and feare of the reste and therfore furnished all those Castels which he had woon with conuenable garnison and namely the Castell of Hertford and after wente to London Polidor there to vnderstande what further trust he myght put in the rest of the Englishe Lordes and Barons for as diuers had alreadie forsaken hym as it is sayde so the residue were doubtefull what were beste to doe For first they considered that the renouncing of their promysed fayth vnto Lewes The pâ—…tie iâ—… 〈◊〉 the bâ—…stoode whome they hadde sworne to maynteyn as king of England shuld be a great reproche vnto them and agayne they well sawe that to continue in their obedience towardes hym should bring the realme in greate daunger syth it woulde bee harde for any louyng agreemente to contynue betweene the Frenche and Englishemen their natures being so contrarye Thyrdly they stoode somwhat in feare of the Popes cursse pronounced by hys Legate bothe agaynst Lewes and all his partakers Albeeit on the other syde to reuolte vnto Kyng Henrye thoughe the loue whyche they did beare to theyr countrey and the greate towardnesse whyche they sawe in him greately moued them yet sith by reason of his young yeares hee was not able eyther to followe the warres himself or to take councell what was to be done in publike gouernement they iudged it a verie daungerous case For where as in warres nothyng can be more expedient than to haue one head by whose appointment all things maye bee gouerned so nothyng can be more hurtfull than to haue many rulers by whose authoritie things shall passe and be ordered Wherfore these considerations stayed and kepte one parte of the Englishe Lords still in obedience to Lewes namely for that diuers of the confederates thoughte that it stoode not with their honours so to forsake him tyll they myght haue some more honorable colour to reuolte from their promises or else that the matter should be taken vp by some indifferent agreement to be concluded out of hande betwixt them Herevpon they resorte in lyke maner vnto London and 〈◊〉 with Lewes take counsell what was to bee done with their businesse â—…ouching the whole start of thâ—… cause The messengers whiche Lewes had remaynyng in the Courte of Rome signifyed vnto hym aboute the same tyme that excepte he departed out of England the sentence of excommunication which Gualo or Walo the Legate had pronounced against him shoulde bee confirmed by y e Pope on MauÌ„die Thursday next ensâ—…yng Wherupon Lewes was the more inclined to graunt to the truce before mencioned that he might in the meane tyme go ouer into France to his father who had moste earnestly written and sent in commaundement to hym that in any wyse he should retourne home to talke with
made to the Citizens of London that they shoulde haue and vse a common Seale And in this meane while Polidor The Earle of Marche worketh to induce the Normans and Poictouins to fauour the King of Englande The NormaÌ„s write to the K. of England Hugh the Earle of Marrhe so laboured with the Normans and Poyctouins in the behalfe of the Kyng of England that they began to encline to hys purpose and heerevpon sent letters by secrete meanes vnto Kyng Henry signifying to hym that if it woulde please him to come ouer with an army to make warre against the Frenche King they woulde be ready to turne vnto his syde and receyue him as their soueraigne Kyng Henry taking aduice what to aunswere and doe herein with hys welbeloued Councellour Huberte of Bourgh thoughte it not good to attempte anye thing rashly in this matter bycause the dealings of y e Normans were neuer without some fraude but yet to satisfie y e request of hys friends he promised to come ouer shortly vnto them if in the meane time he might perceyue that they remayned stedfast in their purpose giuing them furthermore many greate and harty thankes for theyr good meaning and singular kindnesse towardes hym The estate of things beyond the Sea Math. Paris standing now in this order it hapned in the moneth of August that the Souldiers whiche lay in garnison within the Castel of Montgomerike tooke in hande to stocke vp a Woodde not farre from the sayde Castell through whiche lay an high way where oftentimes many fellonious robberies and murders were committed by the Welsh and as the Souldiers wer busie at worke in stocking vp the wood there came vpon them an ambushment of WelshmeÌ„ which not only droue theÌ„ away from their worke but also tooke and slewe diuers of them The Welshmen besiege the Castell of Montgomerie constreyning the residue to flee into the Castell which immediately the WelchmeÌ„ enuironed also about with a strong siege thinking to fynde the defendaunts vnprouided They within aduertised Hugh de Burgh the Lorde chiefe Iustice to whome the Castell belonged by the Kings late gift of the exployte and enterprice attempted by their enimies with all possible hast wherevpon the king at request of the said Hubert leuied a power and came to rayse the siege but the Welchmen hearing of the Kings approche The King with an army commeth to the succour of them within the Castell fledde away like sheepe so that comming to the Castell hee found no resistance howbeeit for asmuch as he saw the foresayde woodde to be troublesome and an annoyance to the sayd Castel he willed it to be destroyed True it is that the same woodde was very thicke and rough and further it conteyned also fiue leagues or fifteene miles in length yet by suche diligence as was vsed the same was asserted stocked vp and quickly ridde out of the way by fire and other meanes so that y e countrey was mad plain by a great way about An. Reg. 13. 1229 In the thirteenth yeare of this King Stephen the Popes Chaplayne and his Nuntio came ouer vnto K. Henry requiring to haue towardes the maintenaunce of the Popes warres agaynste the Emperour Fredericke a tenth part of all the mouable goodes within the Realmes and Countreys of Englande Wales and Ireland as well of spirituall persons as temporall Wherevppon A Parliaâ—… or a coâ—… holdes a Parliament or an assemblie of the Lordes was called at Westminster on the seconde Sunday after Easter whiche was the .29 of Aprill At whiche Parliamente when the Popes Bulles were red and the matter therin conteined playnely opened and examined to the ende it mighte appeare vppon what necessary causes the Pope was constreyned to pursue the sayd warres and to aske reliefe of faithfull Christian people beyng members of the holly Churche The Kyng bycause hee had by his procurators at Rome afore hand promised and bound himselfe to suche payment of tenthes sate still and aunswered not to the contrary whereas the hope of a greate number was reposed in him that by hys deniall the Popes request shoulde haue bin frustrate so that when by his silence he was adiudged to consente The reâ—… Lords reâ—… to ayde 〈◊〉 Pope with money yet the temporall Lords and ley men vtterly denied to agree vnto suche paymente not willing in any wise to bynde their Baronies and temporall possessions vnto the Church of Rome Howbeit the Bishops Abbots Priors and other ecclesiasticall persons after they had shewed themselues to rest doubtfull not without great grudging and murmuring in the meane tyme for the space of three or foure dayes togyther at length for feare of excommunication consented to bee contributaries but in suche sorte as they hadde escaped for a farre more reasonable summe Stephen 〈◊〉 Segrane if Stephen Segraue one of the Kynges counsell hadde not by compacte as was thoughte made with the nuncio wrought so in the matter that the tenthes were finally graunted 〈◊〉 tenthes â—…e spirituâ—… granted â—…e Pope to the great impouerishment and inestimable domage of the Church and realme of England After this the nuncio shewed the procuratorie letters wherby he was authorized to gather those tenthes and that not after a common maner but by a right strayte and hard valuation And for the more sure way of proceding herein he had letters of authoritie from the Pope to excomunicate all such as should withstand him or his deputies in proceding with those affayres He shewed himself moreouer verie extreme in collecting of this money and namely towardes the Prelates of the Church insomuch that appoynting him a certen day in the which vnder paine of excomunication they should make payment diuerse for want of readie money were compelled to make shift with the Chalises and other vessels and ornameÌ„ts belonging to their churches and other were glad to take vp money vpon interest and for that shyfte ther were come ouer with the nuncio diuerse wicked vsurers â—…ers vnder the name of marchants which when they saw those that stood in neede like to bee excommunicate for want of readie money they would offer themselues to lend vnto any y t would borow after the rate of one noble for the loane of xx by the month so bringing the needie into their snares to their irrecouerable losses and vndoing Hereby the land was filled with bitter cursings though in secrete by those that wished such vnreasonable exactors neuer to see good ende of the vse of that money And from that day forwarde ther wanted not in England certain vsurers called Caursini â—… Par. which sought nothing else but the wealthes of such persons as they might get into their snares namely those whom the Churche of Rome doth vexe and put to trouble with hir exactions and payments Earle of â—…er would â—…ermit the â—…es to be â—…red withâ—… lande The Erle of Chester only stoode manfully agaynst the payment of those tenthes insomuch that he
fiue and tooke a great number of them euen as he coulde haue wished The King aduertised hereof hasted the faster forwarde and comming into those partyes as he passed by an Abbey of the Cisteaux order of whiche house the Monke was that had betrayed the Englishe men of Mountgomerie hee burned a graunge that belonged to the same Abbay and further spoyling the same Abbay it selfe he had set it on a light fire also if the Abbot thereof had not redeemed it with the summe of three huÌ„dred marks of siluer After this Mawdâ—… repayred he caused Mawdes Castell to bee repayred and fortified which the Welch men in tymes past had ouerthrowne and when the work was finished hee left there a strong garnison of souldiers to kepe back the Welch men from making their accustomed incursions Whilest the king was thus occupied in Wales there was some businesse in Fraunce Mat. Pâ—… for in the Moneth of Iune the French king with an armie came to inuade the Countrey of Britain Henry fâ—… Brytainâ—… 〈◊〉 erle of Câ—… distresseâ—… French â—… cariages but Erle Henrie with the Erle of Chester and the other English Captains found meanes to take destroy all the cariages and wagons which came with vitailes and other prouision to serue the French armie Thus when the French men perceyued they coulde not haue their purpose by mediation of the Archbishop of Reismes and the Erle of Bollongne on the Frenche part and by consent of the Erles of Brytain and Chester on the English part â—…ce taker a peace was coÌ„cluded or rather a truce to endure for three yeres betwixt the two kings of Englande and Fraunce This agreement was made the fifth day of Iuly and then the Earles of Brytayne and Chester wyth Richarde Marshall came ouer into Englande and rode to the king whom they founde at Mawdes Castell where he remayned tyll the worke was finished and then in the Moneth of October returned into Englande â—…n Reg. 16. 1232 â—… Paris In this meane time no small grudge arose among the people by reason that their Churches were occupied by incumbents that were straungers promoted by the Popes and their Legates who neyther instructed the people nor could well speake any more English than that which serued for the collection of their tythes insomuche that for y e insolencie of such Incumbentes as well the Noble menne and those of good reputation as other of the meaner sorte by an vndescreete presumption attempted a disorderly redresse â—…orderly 〈◊〉 presumpâ—… attempt confederating themselues togyther and taking vpon them to wryte and direct theyr letters vnto Bishops and Chapters commaunding them by way of inhibition not to seeme to interrupt those that should seaze vpon the beneficed straungers or vppon theyr reuenues They also tooke vpon them to wryte vnto suche Religious men and others whiche were fermours vnto any of those straungers forbydding them to stande accountable vnto the sayde straungers but to reteyne the rentes and profites in theyr handes to aunswere the same vnto such as they shoulde appoynt for the recept thereof The superscription of theyr letters was this 〈◊〉 superâ—…tion of â—…rs Tali Episcopo tali Capitulo vniuersitas eorum qui magis volunt mori quam à Romanis confundi Salutem That is to say To such a Bishop and Chapter all those which had rather to die than bee confounded by the Romaines send greeting In the seale wherwith the sayde letters were sealed were two swordes engrauen This matter went so farre forth that there were sundrie persons armed and disguised lyke Mummers whiche enterprysed not onelye to take dyuerse of those straungers that were beneficed men â—…king â—…shers but also came to theyr Barnes threshed vp theyr grayne and eyther made sale thereof or gaue it awaye for God hys sake shewing such couÌ„terfeyted letters vnder the kings seale which they had procured for theyr warrant as they did pretende Pope coÌ„â—…eth to â—…ing in â—…ng him At length the Pope vppon complaynt made vnto him of such violent doings wrote to king Henrie blaming him not a little for suffering suche mysorders to bee committed wythin hys Realme The Pope comaundeth tâ—… offenders to be accursed commaunding hym vpon paine of excommunication to cause a diligent inquirie to be had of the offenders and to see them sharpely punished to the example of others Moreouer hee sent letters to the Bishop of Winchester and to the Abbot of Saint Edmondsburie to make the like inquisition and to accurse all those that shoulde bee founde culpable within the South partes of Englande as hee did to the Archbishop of York to the Bishop of Durham and to an Italian named Iohn a Canon of Yorke to do the like in the North partes so that the offenders shoulde remaine accursed till they came to Rome there to fetche their absolution Inquisitions taken Herevpon therfore a generall inquisition was taken as well by the king as by the Bishops and many found guiltie some in fact and some in coÌ„sent amongst which number there were both Bishops and Chapleynes to the king with Archedeacons and Deanes Knights and many of the laitie There were some Sherifes and Baylifes also which by the kings commaundement were arrested and put in prison and diuerse of all sortes did keepe themselues out of the way and woulde not as yet be founde In like maner Hubert the Earle of Kent The Earle of Kent put in blame Lorde chiefe Iustice was accused to bee chiefe transgressour in this matter as he that had giuen forth the kings letters patents to those disguised and masking thresshers who had takeÌ„ vpon them so to sequester other mens goods wherto they had no right There came also to the King one sir Robert de Twing Sir Robert de Twing a knight of the North parties whiche named himselfe William Wetherse had led about a companie of the foresaid Maskers protesting that he had done it vpon iust cause to be reuenged vpon the Romaines which went about by sentence of the Pope and manifest frande to spoyle him of the personage of a certaine Church which he helde and therefore he sayde he had leuer stande accursed without iust cause for a tyme than to lose his benefice withoute due iudgement Howbeit the king and the other coÌ„missioners counsayled him in the ende to go vnto Rome for to purchase his absolution sithe he was fallen in daunger of excommunication and there to sue for his pardon in the Popes consistorie and to encourage him the better so to do the King wrote also in his fauour to the Pope testifying the right which he had to the Churche which he claymed whereby at length he obteyned his suyte as after ye shall heare The King called a Parliament at Westmynster Polidor A Parliament wherein declaring what charges hee hadde beene at dyuerse wayes hee requyred to haue a Subsidye graunted vnto hym for the reliefe of his want which was flatly
numbers so that in one Village there were buryed an hundred corpses in one day Also the daye before Christmas euen there chaunced a great winde with thunder and raine in suche extreame wise that manye buyldings were shaken and ouerthrowen 1237 In a Parliament holden at Westminster about the Octaues of the Epiphany the King required a subsedie of his subiects the which request was not very well taken but yet at length vpon promise that he would be good Lord vnto them and not seeke to infringe and disanull the grants which he hadde made by pretence of want of the Popes coifyrmatioÌ„ as it was thought he meant to doe A subsedie they agreed to giue him the thirtith part of all mouable goodes as well of the spiritualtie as the temporaltie reseruing yet to euery man his ready coine with Horse and armoure to bee employed for the profit of the common wealthe In consideration of which graunt the Kyng beyng of perfect age and in his owne rule and full gouernaunce of his free and meere good will at the request and by the councell of the Lordes of hys Realme eftsoones graunted and confirmed the liberties and customes conteyned in the two charters the one called Magna charta The confirmation of the charters and the other carta de Foresta with this addition in the ende Nunc autem concessimus hac praesenti charta coÌ„firmanimiss omnibus praedictis de regno nostro omnes libertates liberas consuetudines contentas in cartis nostris quas eis fidelibus nostris fieri fecimus cùm in minori essemus aetate scilicet tam in Magna carta nostra quam in carta de Foresta Et volumus pro nobis haeredibus nostris quòd praefati fideles nostri successores haeredes eorum habeant teneant imperpetuum omnes libertates liberas consuetudines praedictas non obstante quòd praedictae cartae coÌ„fectae fuerint cùm minoris essemus aetatis vt praedictuÌ„ est hijs testibus Edmonde Cant. Archiepiscopo omnibus alijs in Magna carta nominatis Dat. per manum venerabilis patris Cicestriensis episcopi cancellarij nostri 28. die Ianuarij Anno Regni nostri 21. Mat. Paris Beside the confirmation of these charters the King further to winne the fauoure of his people was conteÌ„ted to remoue and sequestre from him diuers of hys Counsellers that were thought not to be well minded towardes the aduauncemente of the common wealth and in their places to admitte the Earle of Waren William de Ferrers and Iohn Fitz Geffrey who were sworne to giue to the King faithfull councell and in no wise to goe out of the right way for any respect that might otherwise moue them Nowe sith the Earles of Chester I meane those of the line of Hugh Lupus tooke end in thys Iohn Scot. For the honor of so noble a lignage I haue thought it not impertinent to set downe the discente of the same Earles beginning at the foresayd Hugh the firste that gouerned after the CoÌ„quest as I haue seene the same collected forth of auntient recordes according to their true succession in seuen discents one after another as here followeth The Legate also in reuenge of the iniurie in this wise to him done The lâ—… câ—…seâ—… pronounced the curse agaynste the mysdoers and handled the matter in suche wise that the regentes and maisters of the Vniuersitie were at length constreyned to come vnto LondoÌ„ The 〈◊〉 of the 〈◊〉 fiue aâ—… Polidâ—… and there to goe bare footed through Cheape side vnto the Churche of Saint Paule in suche wise to aske hym forgiuenesse and so with muche adoe they obteyned absolution This Legate among other thynges demanded soone after the tenth parte of all spirituall mens yearely reuenewes towardes the mayntenaunce of the warres againste the Sarazens in Asia Moreouer the Emperour of Constantinople Math. 〈◊〉 The 〈◊〉 of Coâ—…â—…ople â—…methâ—… Englâ—… Baldwine sonne to Peeter Earle of Ausserre being expelled foorth of his Empire came this yeare into England to sue for ayde but at his first arriuall at Douer he was told that he had not done well to come so presumptuously into the lande of an other Prince without his safecoÌ„duit but wheÌ„ the sayd Emperour seemed to be sorie for hys offence and to excuse his innocencie and sincere meaning the king was pacified and willed him to come to London where at his commyng thither being the .22 of Aprill he was honorably receyued at his departure with rich gifts highly honored so that he had away with him to the valewe of about seauen hundred markes as was reported About this time also The Câ—… of Peâ—… sister 〈◊〉 King 〈◊〉 to Siâ—… Mâ—… Eleanor the kings sister that was sometime wife vnto William Marshall Earle of Pembroke was nowe by the Kyngs meanes married the seconde time vnto Simon Mountforth a man of high parentage and noble prowes This Simon was endowed with suche vertue good councell courteous discretion and other amiable qualities that hee was highly fauoured as was supposed both of God and man He was yet banished out of Fraunce vppon displeasure which Blanch the Queene mother conceyued against him But now comming into Englande hee was ioyfully receyued of King Henry who not only gaue vnto him as aboue is mentioned his sister in marriage with the Erledome of Leicester in name of a dower but also aduanced him vnto offices of greatest honor within the Realme of Englande â—…chbyâ—…â—…f Caunâ—…y disâ—… with â—…arriage Howbeit this marriage was very displeasant vnto Edmond the Archbyshoppe of Caunterbury bycause that the foresaid Eleanor after y e death of hir first husband had vowed perpetuall chastitie and betaken hir as was saide to the mantel and the ring And as the Prelate was not pleased with this match so the King was as highly offended with the Archbishop for not fauouring the cause in somuch that the Archbishop went soone after to Rome â—…eth to 〈◊〉 to comâ—… of the 〈◊〉 where he not only coÌ„plaineth of certayne iniuries receyued lately at the Kings hands but also signifieth the estate of this marriage to procure a diuorce In lyke manner â—…arle of â—…wall is â—…fended â—…e same â—…ge Paris Richard the Kings brother found great faulte with the King for the same matter but chiefly for that he stroke it vp without makyng hym and other of the nobles of councell therein To be short it was not loÌ„g ere this grudge grew so farre that ciuill warre was very likely to haue followed therevppon But when the Kyng sawe that all the Lordes leaned to his brother he sought to pacifie the matter by curteous meanes â–ª and so by mediation of the Legate the Kyng and hys brother were reconciled to the greate griefe of the Lordes whych hadde brought the matter nowe to that poynte that the Kyng coulde not haue so resisted theyr force but that they were in good hope to haue deliuered the Realme out
threatning euery mans vndoyng Thus by reason of couetous greedinesse to get money for the furnishing of y e Popes warres against Manfred King of Sicill both the Pope and the King of England ranne in slaunder and hatred of the English nation namely of the spiritualty 〈◊〉 Paris so that such as recorded the actes and doings of that time spared not to make manifest to the worlde by their writings howe iniuriously they were handled blaming the practises of the Courte of Rome in playne tearmes and affirming that the Pope hathe power in those thyngs whiche worke to edification and not to destruction 〈◊〉 Lorde 〈◊〉 forsaâ—… the â—…rte Aboute this season Iohn Lorde Grey beeing one of the chiefe Counsellors to the king a right honorable Knighte and for his good demeanor and high valiancy greatly commended ouer all withdrew himselfe from the Court either by reason of age that desireth rest or rather as was thoughte for that hee doubted to beare blame for such errors as were dayly committed by theÌ„ that bare rule about the King whiche coulde not but bring the authors into greate infamie at length and therefore was hee loth to bee partaker with them of suche slaunder as might haue redounded to him also if hee hadde still continued amongst them â—…es accused â—…crucifying â—…ilde at â—…colne naâ—… Hugh Also vpon the two and twentith of Nouember were brought vnto Westminster 102. Iewes from Lincolne that were accused for the crucifying of a childe the last Sommer in despite of Christes Religion They were vpon theyr examination sent to the Tower The childe whyche they had so crucified was named Hugh about an eyght yeares of age They kept him tenne dayes after they had got him into their hands sendyng in the meane time vnto diuers other places of the Realme for other of their nation to bee presente at the crucifying of hym The murther came out by the diligent search made by the mother of the child who found his body in a wel on y e backe side of the Iewes house where he was crucified for shee hadde learned that hir sonne was lastly seene playing with certayne Iewes children of like age to him before the dore of the same Iewe. The Iewe that was owner of the house was apprehended and being brought before Sir Iohn de Lexinton vpon promise of pardon confessed the whole matter For they vsed yerely if they could come by their praye to crucifie one Christian childe or other 1â—…56 When the feast of Saint Hillarie was come the Cleargie met againe at London and fell to entreate of their former businesse at what tyme one master Leonard alias Reginald that was chosen prolocutor for all the Prelates amongst other aunsweres made to the Legate Ruscande 〈◊〉 proloâ—…â—… aunswere 〈◊〉 Popes â—…is when the same Ruscand alledged that al Churches were the Popes troth it is sayd Leonard to defende and not to vse and appropriate them to serue his owne turne as wee saye that all is the Princes meaning that all is his to defende and not to spoyle and such was the intent of the fouÌ„ders Ruscand sore offended herewith sayde hee would that euery man should speake afterwards for himselfe that as well the Pope as the Kyng might vnderstand what euery man sayd in theyr businesse and matters The Prelates were strikeÌ„ dompe herewith for they perceyued now how the matter wente The Prelates appeale they appealed yet againste the demaundes that were made by Ruscande who would not chaunge a word of that he had written in whiche was conteyned that the Prelates had knowledged themselues to haue borowed of the marchaunt straungers no small summes of money and the same to bee conuerted to the vse of their Churches which was most vntrue as all men well vnderstoode wherevpon the Prelates affirmed and not without reasonable cause that there was a greater occasioÌ„ in this cause of martirdome Marke the cause of Martirdome thaÌ„ in that of Thomas sometime Archbyshop of Caunterbury Ruscand at length perceyuing their manner became somewhat more milde and promised that hee woulde talke with the Pope of this matter The Deane of Saint Paule sent to Rome on the behalfe of the Prelates But fyrste there was sent to Rome y e Deane of Saint Paule in London and certayne other as Attorneys or Agents for the whole Cleargie of Englande These spedde so in their sute that the Pope tooke order that if the Prelates payde the money by force of the contriued writings whereby they stoode bound for them their houses and Churches then to ease their burthen they might reteyne in their hands such percel of teÌ„thes as they ought to pay to the Kyng for furnishing of hys warres against the Sarazens amounting to the summe whyche they should be constreyned to pay for the bondes made to the Marchauntes by the Byshoppe of Hereforde as before is recited Mens deuotion towards the Pope waxeth colde In this season the deuotion whiche many had conceiued of the Pope and the Church of Rome began to waxe colde reputing the vertue whyche he shewed at his entring into the Papacy to bee rather a coulourable ypocrisie than otherwise sith his proceedings aunswered not to his good beginnings for as it was manifest where sutors broughte their compleyntes into the Courte of Rome such spedde best as gaue most in bribes and the two Priors of Winchester the one expulsed and the other got in by intrusion coulde well witnesse the same This yeare The Biâ—… Salisâ—…â—…pâ—…teth 〈◊〉 life Sure of Câ—… when it wâ—… first receyâ—… for a live dyed William of Yorke Byshop of Salisbury which hadde bin brought vp in the Court euen from his youth This Bishop firste caused that custome to bee receyued for a lawe whereby the tenauntes of euery Lordshippe are bound to owe their sute to the Lordes Courte of whome they holde their tenements In the feast of Easter this yeare the Kyng adorned Magnus Kyng of Man Mat. Pâ—… Magnâ—… 〈◊〉 of Man with the order of Knighthoode and bestowed vppon him greate giftes and honors The Countesse of Warren Anesia or Aetesia as some bookes haue sister to y e King by his mother departed this life in hir flourishing youth to the great griefe of hir brother but specially of hir husbande Iohn Earle of Waren that loued hir entierly Aboute midde May the Iewes that were in the Tower and in other prisons for the murther of the childe at Lincolne and had bin indited by an inquest vpon the confession of him that suffered at Lincolne were nowe dismissed and sette at libertie to the number of foure and thirtie of them The Kyng caused a proclamation to bee set Knigâ—… foorth y t all such as might dispend fifteene pound in lands should receyue the order of Knighthood and those that would not or coulde not shoulde pay theyr fynes This yeare a three dayes after the feast of S. Ciricus â—…e temâ—… winde â—…ayne a maruellous sore
hys â—…rney against the infidels of Prutzaland but into Prutzenlande where he shewed good proufe of his noble and valiant courage for ioyning with the maisters and knightes of the Teutsch order there the armie of the Lithuanians that came agaynst the sayd order was vanquished and foure chiefe leaders of the Lithuanians were taken prisoners three other being slain with three huÌ„dred of their chiefest and best approued souldiers Through the policie also and worthie manhood of the Erle of Darbie there was a certaine Citie taken where the said Erle and his men first entring vpon the walles did set vp his banner other being slouthfull or at the least vnskilful how to deale in such exploytes There were taken slaine foure M. of the coÌ„mon people and amongst them that were founde dead the king of Poloignes brother was one The Castell of the same Citie was besieged fiue weekes space but by reason of sicknesse such infirmities as chanced in the army the masters of Prutzen Liefland would not tarie any longer but brake vp their siege and returned The Master of Leifland led with him into his countrey three thousand prisoners In the meane time whilest the Christians were thus occupied as well agaynst the infidels in Barbarie as in the Easte partes towardes Lyttawe a royall Iustes and Martiall turnament was proclaymed to bee holden wythin Smithfielde in London A â—…al iustes â—…elleÌ„ in Smithfield at LondoÌ„ to beginne on Sunday next after the feast of Saint Michaell And bycause this triumphaunt pastime was published not onely in Englande but also in Scotlande in Almaigne in Flaunders in Brabant in Heynault and in Fraunce many straungers came hyther forth of diuerse Countreys namely Valeran Earle of Saint Paule that had maryed King Richardes sister the Ladie Mawde de Courteney and William the yong Erle of Osternant Some copies haue OsternaÌ„t son to Albert de Baniere Erle of Hollande and Heynalt At the day appoynted when all things were prepared there issued forth of the Tower about three of the clocke in the after noone lx Coursers apparelled for the Iustes and vpon euerie one an Esquier of honour riding a soft pace Then came forth .xxiiij. Ladies of honour lx sayth Froissart mounted on Palfreys The man nâ—… of the iusts in Smithfield ryding on the one side richly apparelled and euery Ladie led a knight with a chaine of golde Those knightes being on the kings part had their armor and apparell garnished with white heartes and crownes of golde about theyr neckes Siluer sayth Frosart and so they came ryding through the streets of LoÌ„don vnto Smithfield with a great number of Trumpets and other Instruments before them The King and the Queene with many other great estates were readie placed in Chambers richly adorned to see the Iustes and when the Ladies that led the knightes were come to the place they were taken downe from their Palfreys and went vp into Chambers readie prepared for them Their alighted the esquiers of honor from their coursers and the knights in good order mounted vpon them And so when their helmets were set on their heades and that they were readie in all poyntes after Proclamations made by the Heraults the iustes began and many commendable courses were runne to the great pleasure comfort and recreation of the King the Queene and all other the beholders The price that day on the answerers part was giuen to the Earle of Saint Paule and on the Chalengers side to the Earle of Huntington On the Monday the King himselfe wyth Dukes Erles Lordes and knights came to the iustes he being chiefe of the inner part That day the price was giuen to the Erle of Osteruant for the best doer of the vtter part and of the inner part to a knight of Englande called sir Hugh Spencer On the Tuesday all maner of Esquiers iusted and likewise on the Wednesday al maner of knights and esquiers that woulde on which day was a sore and rude iustes enduring till night And so many a noble course and other martiall feates were atchieued in those four days to the great contentation and pleasure of many a yong batchler desirous to win fame also highly to the kings honor The King kept open houshold in the Bishop of London his palaice by Paules church who by all that season helde his Court in the Bishops Palayce by Paules church keeping open houshold for all honest persones that thither resorted especially euery night after the iustes were ended a right sumptuous princely supper was prepared for the strangers other and after supper the time was spent in dancing reuelling after the most courtlike maner The K. festeth the straungers The Thursday the king made a supper to al the Lords knights and gentlemen strangers and the Queene to all the ladies and gentlewomen On the Fryday the duke of Lancaster feasted at dinner al the sayd Lords The Duke of Lancaster feasteth the strangers knights gentlemeÌ„ strangers in most sumptuous plentiful maner On the Saterday the king and all the whole companie departed from LoÌ„don vnto Winsore where newe feasting beganne and specially the king did all the honour that might be deuised vnto the Erles of S. Paule and Osteruant The Erle of Osteruant at the ernest request of the king receyued of him the order of the Garter for the whiche hee was euill thought of afterwardes by his friendes namely the French king and others Finally after that the king had thus feasted the strangers and other at Windsore eche man tooke leaue of the king the Queene and the kings vncles and other Lords and Ladies and so departed the strangers into their own couÌ„treys other home to their houses or whither they thoght best About the same time by the king with the aduice of his counsaile proclamation was made and published at London that all beneficed and abyding in the Court of Rome A pâ—… that aâ—… engâ—… beneficed 〈◊〉 in Rome 〈◊〉 returne into Englande being Englishe men borne should returne home into Englande before the feast of Saint Nicholas vnder pâ—…e to forfeyte all theyr benefices and such as were not beneficed vnder a paine likewise lymitted The English men hearing such a thunder clap a farre off fearing the blowe left the Popes Court and returned to their natiue soyle The Pope troubled with such a ruÌ„bling noise The Pope sendeth 〈◊〉 Nuncio to king Richard sent in all hast an Abbot as his nuncio vnto the king of Englande aswell to vnderstand the causes of this proclamation as of statutes deuised made lately in Parliament agaynst those that prouided themselues of benefices in the Court of Rome by the Popes Bulles which seemed not a little preiudiciall to the Church of Rome in consideration whereof the sayd nuncio required that the same statutes might be repealed abolished so farre as they tended to the derogation of y e church liberties but if y e same statuts were not
the vnderstanding of the case and still they assayed if they coulde by any meanes procure the Queene to call backe hir Appeale whiche she vtterly refused to doe The king mystrusteth the legates of seking delayes The King woulde gladly haue had an ende in the matter but when the Legates droue tyme and determined vpon no certaine point be conceyued a suspition that this was done of purpose that their doings might draw to none effect or conclusion Whylest these thinges were thus in hande the Cardinall of Yorke was aduised that the King had set his affection vpon a yong Gentlewoman named Anne the daughter of Syr Thomas Bulleyn vicount Rochfort whiche did wayt vpon the Queene This was a great grief vnto the Cardinal as he that perceyued aforehande that the king woulde marie the sayd Gentlewoman if the diuorce tooke place wherefore he began wyth all diligence to disappoynt that matche which by reason of the myslyking that he had to the woman he iudged ought to be adâ—…eyded more than present death Whylest the matter stoode in this state and that the cause of the Queene was to be hearde and iudged at Rome The secrete vvorking and dissimulation of Cardinal VVosley by reason of the appeale which by hir was put in the Cardinall required the Pope by letters and secrete messengers that in any wise he shuld deferre the iudgemeÌ„t of the diuorce till hee might frame the Kinges minde to his purpose but he went aboute nothing so secretly The king conceyuet a displeasure against the Cardinall but that the same came to the kings knowledge who toke so highe displeasure with suche his cloaked dissimulation that he determined to abase his degree sith as an vnthankfull person he forgotte himselfe and his dutie towardes him that had so highly aduanced him to all honor and dignitie Hall When the nobles of the realme perceyued the Cardinall to bee in displeasure they began to accuse him of suche offences as they knewe myght be proued against him Articles exhibited againste the Cardinall and therof they made a booke conteyning certayne articles to whyche diuers of the kings counsell set their handes The king vnderstanding more playnly by those articles the great pride presumption and couetousnesse of the Cardinall 〈◊〉 â—…ued against him but yet kepte his purpose secrete for a whyle and first permitted Cardinal Campeius to departe backe agayne to Rome not vnrewarded Shortly after a Parliament was called to beginne at Westminster the third of Nouember next ensuyng In the meane tyme the King being infourmed that all those thyngs that the Cardinall had done by his power Legantine within thâ—… realme were in the case of the Prâ—…ite and prouision caused his atturney Christofer Hales The Cardinall fued in a Preâ—…nire to sue out a â—…te of Premuâ—…re againste hym in the whiche he licenced him to make his attourney And further the .xvij. of NoueÌ„ber the King sent the two Dukes of Norfolke and Suffolke to the Cardinalles place at Westminster The great seale taken from the Cardinall to fetche away the greate Seale of Englande Sir William Fitz William knighte of the Garter and Treasorer of his house and doctor Stephen Gardiner newely made Secretarie were also sent to see that no goodes shoulde be conueyed out of his house The Cardinall him selfe was appointed to remoue vnto Ashere besyde Kingston there to tary the kings pleasure and had things necessarie deliuered vnto hym for his vse After this in the Kings benche his matter for the Premunice beyng called vpon Iohn Sents K. Edmâ—…nd â—…eâ—… two atturneys whiche he had authorised by hys warrant signed with his owne hande The Cardinall condemned in 2 Premunire confessed the action and so had iudgement to forfeit all hys landes tenementes goodes and cattelles and to be out of the Kings protection but the king of hys clemencie sente to hym a sufficient protection and lefte to hym the Byshoprickes of Yorke and Winchester wyth place and stuffe conuenient for his degree The Bishoppricke of Duresme was gyuen to Doctor Tunstall Bishoppe of London and the Abbey of Sainct Albons to the Priour of Norwiche Also the Bishopricke of London being nowe voyde was bestowed on Doctor Sâ—…okesley then Ambassadoure to the Vniuersities beyonde the Sea for the Kyngs marryage The Ladye Margaret duchesse of Sauoye aunte to the Emperour and the Ladye Loyse Duchesse of Angolesme mother to the French Kyng mette at Cambreye in the beginnyng of the Moneth of Iune to treate of a peace where were presente Doctour Tunstall Bishoppe of London and Sir Thomas Moore then Chancellour of the Duchie of Lancaster coÌ„missioners for the K. of EnglaÌ„d At length through diligence of the sayde Ladies a peace was coÌ„cluded betwixt the Emperour the Pope the Kings of Englande and France This was called y e womans peace proclaimed by Heralts with sound of trumpets in y e City of London to y e great reioycing of the Merchauntes who during the warres had susteyned much hinderance The frenche King was bound by one article among other to acquite the Emperour of fourescore and ten thousand crownes which he ought to the King of England The four and twentith of Nouember was Sir Thomas More made Lorde Chancellor and the nexte day led into the Chancerie by the Dukes of Norffolke Suffolke ther sworne The Parliament beginâ—… At the day appointed the Parliament began and Tho. Audeley Esquier attorney of the Duchie of Lancaster was chosen speaker for the coÌ„mons of the lower house In this Parliament the commons of the nether house beganne to common of their greefes wherwith the spiritualtie had sore oppressed theÌ„ and namely sixe great causes wer shewed wherin the Cleargie greatly abused the temporaltie The first in the excessiue fines The commoÌ„s of the lower 〈◊〉 compayne against the Cleargie whiche the ordinaries tooke for probate of Testamentes The second in the extreame exactions vsed for takyng of corps presentes or mortuaries The thyrde that Priests contrary to their order vsed the occupying of Fermes graunges and pastures for grasing of Catell c. The fourth that Abbots Priors and other of the Cleâ—…gie kepte tanne houses and bought and solde wolle cloth and other merchandises as other common merchants of the temporaltie did The fifth cause was the lacke of residence whereby both the poore wanted necessary refreshing for sustenance of their bodyes and all the parishoners true instructions needefull to the health of their soules The sixth was the pluralitie of benefices and the insufficiencie of the incumbents where diuers well learned schollers in the Vniuersities had neyther benefice nor exhibition Herewith were three hilles deuised for a reformation to be had in such cases of great enormities as firste one bill for the probate of testaments also an other for mortuaries and the third for none residence pluralities and taking of Fermes by spirituall men There was sore hold about these billes before they might passe the vpper house
which seconde session were confirmed and made diuerse and sundrie Statutes concerning religion whereof some were restored and other repealed At this time many were in trouble for religion and among other Sir Iames Hales Knight Sir Iames Hales in trouble for religion one of the Iustices of the Common place whiche Iustice being called among other by the Counsayle of King Edwarde to subscribe to a deuise made for the disinheriting of Queene Marie and the Ladie Elizabeth hir sister woulde in no wise assent to the same though most of the other did yet that notwithstanding for that he at a quarter Sessions holden in Kent gaue charge vpon the Statutes of King Henry the eyght and King Edwarde the sixth in derogation of the Primacie of the Church of Rome abolished by King Henrie the eight he was first committed prisoner to the Kings bench then to the Counter and last to the Fleete where whether it were through extreeme feare or else by reason of such talke as the warden of the Fleete vsed vnto him of more trouble like to insue if he persisted in his opinion or for what other cause God knoweth he was so moued troubled vexed that he sought to ryd himselfe out of this life whiche thing he first attempted in the Fleete by wounding himselfe with a Penknife well neare to death Neuerthelesse afterwarde being recouered of that hurt he seemed to be verye comformable to all the Queenes proceedings and was therevpon deliuered of his imprisonment and brought to the Queenes presence who gaue him words of great comfort neuerthelesse his mynde was not quiet as afterwarde well appeared for in the end he drowned himself in a riuer not half a mile from his dwelling house in Kent He drowneth himselfe the riuer being so shalow that he was faine to lye groueling before he coulde dispatche himselfe whose death was much lamented For beside that he was a man wise vertuous and learned in the lawes of the Realme he was also a good and true minister of Iustice whereby he gate him great fauor and estimation among all degrees A publike disputation During the aforesayde Parliament aboute the xviij daye of October there was kepte at Paules Church in London a publike disputation appoynted by the Queenes commaundement aboute the presence of Christ in the sacrament of the Aultar which disputation continued sixe dayes Doctor Weston then being Prolocutor of the Conuocation who vsed many vnseemely checkes and tauntes against the one part to the preiudice of their cause By reason whereof the disputers neuer resolued vpon the article proponed but grewe daily more and more into contention without any frute of their long conference and so ended this disputation with these wordes spoken by Doctor Weston Prolocutor It is not the Queenes pleasure that we shoulde herein spende anye longer time and ye are well ynough for you haue the word and we haue the sworde But of this matter ye may reade more in the booke of the Monuments of the Church At this time was Cardinall Poole sent for to Rome by the Queene Cardinall Pole sent for home who was very desirous of his comming as well for the causes afore declared as also for the great affection that shee had to him being hir neere kinseman and consenting with hir in religion This message was most thankfully receyued at Rome and order taken to sende the sayde Cardinal hither with great expedition but before his comming Queene Marie had maried Philip Prince of Spaine as after shall appeare But here to touche somewhat the comming of the sayde Cardinal When he was arriued at Caleys there was conference had amongst the Counsaylors of the Queene for the maner of his receyuing The Counsell deuided about the receyuing of the Cardinall some woulde haue had him very honorably met and intertayned as he was in all places where he had before passed not onelye for that he was a Cardinall and a Legate from the Pope but also for that he was the Queenes neare kinseman of the house of Clarence Neuerthelesse after much debating it was thought meetest first for that by the lawes of the realme which yet were not repealed he stoode attainted by Parliament also for that it was doubtfull how he being sent frō Rome should be accepted of the people who in xxv yeares before had not bene muche acquainted with the Pope or his Cardinals that therefore vntill all things might be put in order for that purpose he shoulde come without any great solemnitie vnto Lambeth where in the Archbishoppes house his lodging was prepared The thirde of Nouember nexte following Thomas Cranmer Archbishop of Canterbury notwithstāding that he had once refused plainly to subscribe to King Edwardes will in the disinheriting of his sister Marie and alledging many reasons and arguments for the legittimation of both the Kings sisters was in the Guild-hall in London arreygned and attainted of treason namely for ayding the Duke of Northumberlande with horse and men against the Queene as aforesayde and the same time also the Ladie Iane of Suffolke who for a whyle was called Queene Iane and the Lorde Guilforde hir husbande the Lorde Ambrose and L. Henrie Dudley sonnes to the Duke of Northumberlande were likewise arreygned and attainted and therevpon led backe agayne to the Tower In the beginning of Ianuarie next following Ambassadors from the Emperour Charles the v. Emperor sent into Englande an honorable ambassade amongst whom was the Conte de Ayguemont Admirall of the low countries w t Charles Conte de la Laing Iohn de Montmorancie Lorde of Curriers and the Chauncellour Nigre with full Commission to conclude a mariage betwene Philip Prince of Spaine his sonne and heyre and Queene Marie as you haue hearde which ambassade tooke suche place that shortlye after all things were finished accordinglye But this mariage was not well thought off by the Commons nor much better lyked of many of the nobilitie who for this and for the cause of religion conspired to rayse warre rather than to see such chaunge of the state of the which conspiracie though there were many confederates yet the firste that shewed force therein was one Sir Thomas Wyat a knight in Kent who in very deede was driuen to preuent the time of the purposed enterprise by this happe Diuerse of the partakers in this conspiracie being withdrawne from London where they had deuised their drift home into their countries amongst whom the sayd Sir Thomas Wyat was one it fell out that whylest he was returned into Kēt where his lands and liuings chieflye laye a Gentleman of that shire one to the sayde Sir Thomas Wyat most deare was by the Counsell for other matters committed to the Fleete wherevpon he verily suspecting that his f◅r is were bewreyed had no other shift as he tooke it but to put on armour and to begin the attempt before the time appointed with his complices and herevpon giuing intelligence of his determination to his associates
adding that king Philips father the Emperour had among other Princes trauayled most for the restitution of the peace and vnitie of the Churche But 〈◊〉 almightie God sayde vnto Dauid thoughe hee had a mynde and will to builde his Temple yet bicause he had shedde bloude he shoulde not buylde it but his sonne Solomon shoulde buylde it And so bicause the Emperour â—â—the hadde so manye warres and shedde so muche bloude therefore he coulde not attaine to bring perfecte peace to the Churche But truly sayde hee this gracious Prince King Philippe his sonne as I conceyue is appointed of God to it considering nowe the calling of him to bee ioyned with so Catholike a Princesse as is the Queene of this Realme one withoute all doubte sente likewise of God for the restoring of the sayde Realme to the vnitie of the Churche from whence it hathe erred and gone astraye as it dothe and maye manifestlye appeare Sixtlye hee protested that his Commission was not to preiudice anye person for he came not to destroye but to buylde hee came to reconcile and not to condemne hee came not to compell but to call agayne hee came not to call anye thing in question alreadye done but his Commission was of grace and clemencie to all suche as woulde receyue it For touchynge all matters paste and done they shoulde bee caste into the sea of Forgetfulnesse and neuer more to bee thoughte vppon Finallye sayde hee the meane whereby to receyue this highe benefite is first to reuoke and repeale all suche lawes as are impedimentes blockes and barres to this moste gracious reconciliation For like as hee himselfe hadde no place to speake there before suche lawes were abrogated and remoued as stoode in hys waye euen so they coulde not receyue the Grace offered frome the sea Apostolicke vntyll these lyke impedimentes of lawes made agaynst the sea of Rome were vtterly abolished and repealed And so in conclusion aduertised them firste for the glorie of God and nexte for the conseruation and suretie of the welth and quietnesse of the whole Realme that they shoulde earnestly trauayle therein and that then he would make them participant of the benefite of his commission The next day the whole Courte of Parliament drewe out the forme of a supplication and the nexte daye following when the King and Queene and the Cardinall with all the Nobles and Commons were assembled agayne in the great chamber of the Whyte hall aforesayde the Bishop of Winchester there declared what the Parliament had determined concerning the Cardinals request â—â—pplication â—â—â—â—ted to 〈◊〉 all 〈◊〉 by the â—â—rliament and then offered to the King and Queene the said supplication the copie whereof followeth We the Lordrs Spirituall and Temporal and Commons in this present Parliament assembled representing the whole bodie of the Realme of Englande and dominions of the same in the name of our selues particularly and also of the sayde bodie vniuersally offer thys oure most humble supplication to youre maiesties to this ende and effect that the same by youre gracious intercession and meane maye be exhibited to the most reuerende Father in God the Lorde Cardinall Poole Legate sent specially hither from our most holy father Pope Iulye the thirde and the sea Apostolike of Rome Wherein we doe declare our selues verye sorie repentant of the long schisme and disobedience happening in this Realme and y e dominions of the same agaynste the sea Apostolike eyther by making agreeing or executing of any lawes ordinaunces or commaundementes against the Primacie of the same sea or otherwise doing or speaking that might impugne or preiudice the same Offering oure selues and promising by this our supplicatioÌ„ that for a token and knowledge of our sayde repentance we be and shall be euer readie vnder and with the authorities of your maiesties to the vttermoste of our power to doe that shall lye in vs for the abrogation and repealing of al the saide lawes ordinances made and enacted to the preiudice of the sea Apostolicke aswell for our selues as for the whole bodie whome we represent Wherevpon moste humbly wee beseeche your maiestie as persons vndefiled in offence of his bodie towardes the sayd sea which neuerthelesse God by his prouidence hath made subiect to you so to sette forthe this our humble suite as we the rather by youre intercession may obtaine from the sea Apostolike by the sayde moste reuerende father as well particularly as generally Absolution Release and Discharge from all daungers of suche censures and sentences as by the lawes of the Church we be fallen into And that we may as children repentant be receyued into the bosome and vnitie of Christes Church so as this noble Realme with all the members thereof maye in this vnitie and perfect obedience to the sea Apostolike and Popes for the time being serue God and your maiesties to the furtherance and aduauncement of his honor and glorie Amen This supplication being first openly red the same was by the Chauncelor deliuered to the King and Queene with petition to them to exhibite the same to the Lorde Cardinall And the King and Queene rysing out of their seates and doing reuerence to the Cardinall did deliuer the same vnto him The Cardinall perceyuing the effect thereof to answere to his expectation did receiue it most gladly at their Maiesties hands And then after that hee had in fewe wordes giuen thankes vnto God and declared what great cause hee had to reioyce aboue all others that his coÌ„ming from Rome into Englande had taken suche most happie successe then hee caused his Commission to be reade whereby it might appeare he had authoritie from the Pope to absolue theÌ„ which Commission was verye long and large And that being done and all the Parliamente on their knees this Cardinall by the Popes authoritie gaue them absolution in maner following Our Lorde Iesus Christ whiche with his most precious bloude hath redemed and washed vs from all our sinnes and iniquities An absolution pronounced by Cardinall Poole to the Parliament house that hee might purchase vnto himselfe a glorious spouse without spot or wrinkle and whome the father hath appointed heade ouer all his Churche Hee by his mercie absolue you And wee by the Apostolike authoritie giuen vnto vs by the moste holye Lorde Pope Iulius the thirde his Vicegerent in earth doe absolue and deliuer you and euery of you with the whole Realme and the Dominions thereof from all heresie and schisme and from all and euerye iudgementes censures and paines for that cause incurred And also wee doe restore you agayne to the vnitie of oure mother the holye Churche as in oure letters of Commission more plainelye shall appeare After this generall absolution receyued the King and the Queene and all the Lords with the rest went into the Kings chappell and there sang Te deum with great ioy and gladnesse for this newe reconciliation And on Christmas euen next following hee set forth by hys Bulles a generall
vnwilling to resigne the Deanery of Westminster 1769. 16. is depriued of all his liuings for adulterie ibidem appealeth to Rome for that cause attempting priuily to depart out of y e Realme is committed to prison and deliuered by Qu. Elizabeth and dyeth ibidem VVelche Kings subiect to the Kings of Englande 222.61 VVelche tong the incorrupted speech of the antient Britaines 4.98 VVelchmen ioyne wyth the Danes againste the Englishmen and are vaÌ„quished and slayne 204. line 71 VVestminster church finished 794.50 b VVelchmeÌ„ rebell 796.5 b discomfited 797.1 b VVelchmen flee 619.28 VVerefridus Bishop of VVorcester 218.26 VVelchmeÌ„ are the verye Britaines indeede 131. line 68 VVentworth Lorde arraigned and acquitted 1801.43 VVednesday why so called 113.9 Wenlock Abbey builded 277.31 Welgistus sonne to Vecta 113.18 Welchmen guard Iaques Arteueld 926.27 b Westminster Church builded 150.69 Westminster Monastery erected 150.76 West Saxons conuerted to the Christian saythe 168.113 Wellehare battayle fought in NorthumberlaÌ„d 201.73 Welchmen still readye to moue rebellion againste the Englishmen 203.14 Welchmen being vanquished will not seeme to be subdued 203.16 Westmaria nowe called Westmerland 68.2 Westminster Church royally repayred 279.34 Welchmen constreyned to agree to pay their auntient tribute 277.67 Weston Doctor prolocutor of the Conuocation 1723.47 Westminster palaice built 1557.50 Welchmen discomfyted page 1320. col 1. line 11. slayne col 2. line 27 Werd the name of y e forth in Scotland 140.9 West saxe deuided into fyue diocesses 223.45 West Saxons kingdome deuided into two Byshoprickes 191.5 Welchman hanged for treason 821.46 a Weremouth taken by the Scottes 307.6 Westminster Sanctuarye page 1365. col 2. line 52 Welchmen rebell 810.14 b emprisoned 812.13 a Welchmen moue warre and are subdued by the Englishmen and theyr Princes brought to coÌ„fusion 270.44 Whitby in olde tyme called Streaneshall 175.82 Westmer looke Marius Whitby Abbey builded 183.30 Whirlepoles fyshes takeÌ„ 1557.47 Simon Bishoppe of Whiterne consecrated 852.3 b Whitring Richard Abbot of Glastenburâ—…e hanged for the supremacie 1574.35 White Swanne Queene Margarets cognisance page 1295. col 1. line 14 Whitsand bay page 1297. col 2. line 45 Whiterne in olde tyme called Candida Casa 192.27 Whitby Abbey builded 308.1 Wharton Thomas knight Lord Warden of the West marches 1595.40 William Lorde Barkeley created Earle of Nottingham page 1386. col 2. line 57 William Gatesby knight page 1390. col 2. line 5. beheaded pag. 1422. col 1. line 19 William Slaughtar one of y e murtherers of Edward the fourthes children page 1390. col 2. line 47 WilliaÌ„ Barkeley Knight page 1402. col 2. line 23 William Brandon knight page 1402. col 2. line 24 slayne page 1421. col 2. line 13 William Stanley knight page 1411. col 2. line 3. page 1415. col 2. line 23. page 1417. colum 2. line 36. William Conquerour entreth into London not without bloudshed 291. line 68 William Conquerour receyued into London withoute resistance 291. line 73 WilliaÌ„ Conquerour crowned King of Englande 291. â—…0 William Conquerour taketh an othe to defende holy Church 291.91 Fitz Osberne WilliaÌ„ made Garle of Hereford 297. line 4 William Conqueroure returneth into Normandie taking with him the chiefest of the nobilitie of England 297.6 William Duke of Normandye a bastarde 282. line 98 William Duke of Normandye maketh clayme to the Crowne of England 282.100 William Duke of Normandy requireth by hys Ambassadors to haue the Realme of England deliuered vnto him 283.28 William Duke of Normandy requireth Kyng Harrolde to take hys daughter to wife according to promise 283.70 William Duke of Normandye maketh preparation to inuade England 285.36 William Duke of Normandies armye of what people it consisted 285. line 61 William Duke of Normandy arriueth at Penenessey in Sussex with an army 285.65 William succeedeth Walcher in the Bishopricke of Durham 312.57 William Conquerour goeth ouer into Normandy with an huge masse of money 314.50 William Conquerour falleth sicke in Normandy 314.52 William Conquerour inuadeth Fraunce wyth a great army 314.71 William Conquerour departeth thys lyfe 315.8 William sonne to Kyng Henry the firste created D. of Normandy 353.5 William a Monke gouerneth the Sea of Sainte Andrews spoyleth the Church 357.67 William Duke of Normandye drowned by Shipwracke 357.105 William Paruus cited 394.34 and .433.64 William Malmesburie in what time hee liued 394.43 William Rheuellâ—…nsts in what time he liued 394. line 47 Wissherâ—… Archbishoppe of Northumberlande expulsed 219.23 Wishhere Archbishop restored 219.26 Wilingham 219.40 William Mulmesburie cited 219.71 Winbourne towne taken 219.95 Wightham Towne buylded 221.1 William Duke of Normandye commeth ouer into Englande to visite his nephewe Kyng Edward 273.114 William Byshop of London departeth y e Realm 274.34 VVilfred made Bishop of Northumberlande 177. line 51 VVighart sente to Rome to bee treated Archbyshoppe of Caunterbury 177.109 VVighart dieth at Rome of the pestilence 178.2 VVilfred restored to the Sea of Yorke 178.69 VViremouth Abbey builded 178.104 VVire riuer 178.105 VVilliam made Byshop of Rochester in the place of Putta 182.2 VVilliam forsaketh y e sea of Rochester constreyned through pouertie 182.4 VVilfrid Bishop of Northumberlande banished 182.10 VVilfrid after his returne from Rome preacheth the Gospell to the South Saxons 182.40 VViat Thomas Knyght Rebelleth 1724.17 the discourse of hys whole life manye leaues following is distressed in fyghte 1731.10 commeth in and submitteth hymselfe vnto the Queene eadem 30. is arraigned 1735.35 is executed 1737. line 10 VVilliam Lord Hastings and Chamberlaine pa. 1360. col 2. line 34. kepte Shores wil. page 1372 col 2. li. 51. his sayings to a Prieste page 1373. col 2. line 40. to a Plâ—â—ctuant col 1. 〈…〉 beheaded line 30. his description page 1374. co 1. line 35 William White Sherife of London 1363.28 VVilloughby Roberte L. Brooke lord Steward of y e Kings house 1450. line 21 Wiaâ—… Henry Knightes one of the kings priuie counsell 1464.54 VVilloughby VVilliam Knight is created Lorde VVilloughby 1614.25 VVilliam Malmesburie cited 136.36 .140.37 146.23 .154.76 .180 line 81 VVilfaresdowne 170.53 VVim Byshop commeth into England 171.69 VVim expulsed from the East Saxons byeth the Byshopricke of LondoÌ„ 171.78 Windesor Castell 326.36 William Earle of Ewe becoÌ„meth Kyng VVilliam Rufus man 326.39 VVilliam Duke of NormaÌ„dies pedegree from Rollo fyrste Duke of Normandye 288.87 VVilliam long espee sonne to Duke Rollo of Normandye marrieth Sporta daughter to Hubert Earle of Kenlis 288.112 William Duke of Normandye Conqueroure base sonne to Roberte the sixth beginneth hys raigne ouer Englande 291.3 William Malmesburie cited 291.38 291.47 301.28 VVhite Monkes fyrste instituted 333.86 VVhite MoÌ„kes brought into England 333.93 VVightgar and Stuffe arriue at Certicestshore and ouerthrow the Britaines 130.44 Witgaresbridge in the I le of Wight 131.48 VVinter cold and sharpe 1865 VVilliam Conqueroure sweareth to obserue K. Edwards lawes 306.61 VVilliam Byshoppe of Durham exiled the lande 320.37 William Bishop of Durham restored dieth 320.39 William Malmesburie dyeth 136 1â—â— William D. of Normandies one foote stippeth the