the Iewes will not heare who will not know that they do evill as also 2 to beware of their folly and disobedience by their fall and punishment Both are here set downe in the Text 1. Their wilfull errour 2. Their shamefull punishment In the Errour we consider 1. The Persons They are meere fooles 2. Their Number they are many 1 Because a whole Nation many Nations many Generations 2 Many Fooles because many wayes fooles fooles in entring fooles in hearing fooles in praying fooles in sacrificing and offering every way any way fooles 3. The Reason of this folly Faciunt malum They do that which is evill 4. The Ground of this reason 1 Privative their Ignorance their wilfull ignorance Nesciunt They know not they will not know nor consider that they doe evill 2 Positive their ill performance They doe but Dare sacrificium they doe not offer they will not they doe but Give Sacrifice This is their errour their folly And to this their sin their punishment as Iustice requires is answerable 1 They will be fooles and therefore they shall be fooles they will not heare GODS Prophet and therefore GOD bids his Prophet Esay 6.9 Esay 6.9.10 Go tell this people Heare ye indeed but understand not and see ye indeed but perceive not make the heart of this people fat and make their eares heavie and shut their eyes lest they see with their eyes and heare with their eares and understand with their heart and convert and bee healed As they will not heare the Son of God so they shall not heare the Son of God Therefore saith our Saviour speake I unto them in Parables because they seeing see not and hearing they heare not nor understand Mat. 13.13 Mat. 13.13 Mark 4.12 Mark 4.12 c. Luke 8.10 Iohn 12.40 2 As they did reject the Word of God by his Apostles so God by his Apostles did reject them Paul and Barnabas Acts 13.46.28.27.28 Acts 28.27 28. to the Iewes at Antioch it was necessary that the word of God should first have beene spoken unto you but seeing you put it from you and judge your selves unworthy of everlasting life loe we turne unto the Gentiles and Acts 28. the Apostle Saint Paul repeating the Prophet Esay's words to other Iewes at Rome tels them plainly the cause Therefore be this knowne unto you that will know nothing else that the salvation of God is sent unto the Gentiles and they will heare it Mark they will heare it God grant we may Take thou heed how thou entrest take heed how thou hearest c. As for them they are fooles I have nothing to do with them only take thou heed 3 As they will not know GOD so GOD will not know them he turneth his back upon them though he speak of them yet he will not so much as once speake to them he speaketh to another only of them Luke 12.20 as of the Rich man Luke 12. that he is a Foole Luke 16.19 or of the other Luke the 16. that he was a Glutton or as of the Pharisees that they were Vipers Mat. 3.7 Mat. 3.7 4 As they loved darknesse rather than light so they shall have darknesse for light Aegyptian darknesse here everlasting endlesse utter darknesse hereafter 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 Mat. 22.13 1 They wil not know what to do as they shold do 2 Though they do know yet they know not to do it 3 They do evill because they know not what it is to doe it namely how fearefull a thing it is how their wilfull ignorance draweth on wofull vengeance their evil of sin is accompanied with the evil of punishment their evill doing with evill suffering 5 For one more punishment is there in this Text that though their name be forgotten their memory as their bodies rotten yet it shall alwayes be remembred as by God to reward them so by us to beware by them it must never be forgotten that they have done evill This must stand like Lots Wives Pillar or Sodomes ashes to teach us that come after that we should not be as they were fooles that we must not do as they did evill Ierusalems destruction and the Iewes dispersion over the face of the earth amongst us Gentiles must warne all the Gentiles must teach thee how thou must enter into the House of God how thou must heare the Word of God how thou must call on the Name of God In the Name of God beloved let that voice of the Holy Ghost in the 95. Psalme Psal 95.7 Heb. 3.7 be written upon the doore-posts of our hearts never to be forgotten To day if ye will heare his voice harden not your hearts Vers 7 8 9 as in the provocation in the day of temptation in the Wildernesse when your Fathers tempted me and proved me and saw my workes And as in my Text so there 10. their folly is recorded Forty yeeres long was I grieved with this generation and said It is a people that doe erre in their hearts they have not knowne my wayes 11. And their punishment Wherefore I sware in my wrath they should not enter into my rest This story the Apostle alluding to 1 Cor. 10.11 1 Cor. 10. tels us It was written for our admonition And more plainely in the Epistle to the Hebrews Heb. 3. repeating this Psalme where this story is written applyeth it to the Christian Church whence this Psalme in the Church of God hath beene used by the Church of God in all ages Psal 25. for an Introit Psalme to put us in mind 1 how we should enter into the House of God in the 6. Vers O come let us c. 2 How we should offer Vers 1. O come let us sing unto the Lord Let us heartily rejoyce in the strength of our salvation Let us come before his presence with thanksgiving and shew our selves glad in him with Psalmes for the Lord our God is a great God c. 3 How we should heare and come neere to heare Vers 7 8. To day if ye will heare his voice harden not your hearts c. The Text agreeth with the Psalme Both of them teaching us our duty First by Precept for entring hearing and offering Secondly by the contrary Errour that they do erre in their hearts and are but fooles that do otherwise Thirdly by the fearefull punishment that followeth their folly Heb. 3.18 They shall not enter into his rest they shall bee as they will be fooles GOD will not know them that will not know him They shall not enter into GODS joy and rest who are so carelesse to enter into GODS House so carelesse of their behaviour in Gods House And indeed both the Manner and Order The Division to be used in Gods divine service and worship is here set downe 1 The Manner 1 how we must enter 2 how we must heare 3 how we must offer and 4 how wee must come
publique Service Did not Samuel's Mother aske a Sonne of GOD 1 Sam. 3.10 in the time of Divine and publique worship Yes surely And may not we doe the like No doubt we may Doubtlesse we must not otherwise Remember this is an entry to hearing Take heede to thy foot when thou goest into the House c. And remember this also Appropinqua ut audias Come neare that thou maiest heare And thus much of our due entring Now of the second duty our hearing That next after due entring wee must heare And after due entring Heare Hearing is the sence of discipline It is that which GOD first requireth of you It is the first in our Commission Goe teach all Nations For as he that is borne deafe and never heard is alwaies dumbe and will never speake So he that never heareth the Word of GOD can never invocate the Name of GOD. How shall they call on Him of whom they have not heard Rom. 10.13 Hence it was the custome alwaies in the Church that first they heard So was it in the Church of the Iewes Nehem. 9.3 Nehem. 9.3 They read the Law one fourth-part of the day and another fourth part they confessed and worshipped the Lord their God After their Prayers as Iosephus describeth it followed their Sacrifice This order being observed afterward in the Christian Church as it is most obscurely collected from the 1 Cor. 11. c. the whole Service was called by the Greekes 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 as also by the Latines Ordo And indeed as the Catechumeni amongst the Greekes and mother Church and Audientes amongst the Latines was the first step to Christianity or rather the preparation to it So likewise the Prayer of the Catechumeni Concil Laodicen Can. 19. or Hearers was the first Prayer of the three So that ancient Counsell of Laodicea reckons it So the Greeke Dionysius Saint Chrysostome Clemens and all the ancient record it and the same order the Church of England hath most justly followed that as in our Churches the Pulpits are placed below the Altar above or in the highest place so wee should first heare before we presume to offer Thus Levi. 2.13 Marke 9.49 amongst the Iewes every Sacrifice must bee seasoned with salt the Symboll of knowledge And GOD requires our heart the seat of knowledge Hos 6.6 I will have mercy and not sacrifice and the knowledge of God more then burnt offerings So true is that of Lactantius Lactantius lib. 1. cap. 1. Neque religio ulla sine sapientiâ suscipienda nec ulla sine Religione probanda sapientia Rom. 12.1 It is our reasonable service GOD calls for For as He hath given us reason so He would we should chiefly shew it in His Service For this cause the Aegyptians made them eyes and eares of gold and silver and hung them in their Temples intimating that they should first heare before they presumed to offer Hence also that Symboll of Pythagoras That wee must not speake of GOD sine lumine And indeed the calling upon GOD is called the seeking of God Esa 55.6 Matth. 7.7 The Woman in the Gospell before she sought first lighted her candle The like must wee doe we must light the candle here that must light us at the Altar we must first heare And as we must heare first So we must heare Proposition II that which is first in Gods House Gods Word Heare GOD's Word Psal 119.105 for that as the Psalmist tells us is that which is a light to our feete and a lanterne to our steps A light indeed not onely to shew us our way but also to guide us in our way The Church is Heaven upon Earth and the Scriptures the Old and New Testament are the lights in this Heaven Therefore amongst the Iewes in their Synagogues there was the reading of the Law and the Prophets Acts 13.15 Acts 15.21 and every Sabbath day Moses was read in all their Cities Semblably did the first Christians even in the Apostles times reading as we doe both the Old and New Testament To this the Apostle alludeth Colos 4.16 So more fully Ephes 5.19 Cal. 4.16 Ephes 5.19 Colos 3.18 But most plainely Colos 3.16 Let the Word of God dwell in you richly in all wisedome teaching and admonishing one another in Psalmes and Hymnes and Spirituall Songs singing with grace in your hearts to the Lord. And whatsoever ye doe in word or deede do all in the name of the Lord Iesus giving thankes to GOD and the Father of Him Where the whole order of the Church Service being summarily comprised is in like sort observed by our holy Mother Hoc officium sicut quodlibet aliud praeter nocturnum Oratione cōcluditur Domine Deus Pater qui nos ad principium Dici c. Hug de S. Vict. De Eccles Offic. li. 2. c. 2. Vide Ejusdem c. 16. the Church of England Her prayer of the Catechumeni as Hugo de Sancto victore gives us cause to distinguish it ending at the first Collect is entirely the Word of God even many entire portions of Gods most holy Word 1 The Psalmes 2 First and Second Lessons 3 Evangelicall Anthems most fit to expresse our joy in CHRIST our praising God for the Word of God 4 Those short and pious Ejaculations all entirely the Word of God And as in the first So in her second Service where after the due entrance by a particular Confession of our sins in every Commandement the first thing we heare is the Word of God in two other Lessons Epistle and Gospell And as we call use and order them so were they used in all ages and Churches Plentifull testimonies may bee brought concerning this not onely out of the most ancient Councells and first Fathers but also out of those first Liturgies of Antioch Alexandria Hierusalem Constantinople As even at this day they are in the same order observed by the Graecians Indians Russians Abissines and Aethiopians not to speake of the Latine and Westerne Christians So you see we doe what we should do what hath alwaies beene done by all in all places at all times And in doing thus you see the Church of England is truely Catholique But are there no follies in hearing Yes surely else what need our blessed SAVIOUR say Take heede how ye heare Many follies there be in hearing and these two are the greatest 1. That men thinke all Religion consists in hearing only these do not offer The 2. That they thinke there is no hearing without a Sermon these forget this that they must come neare to heare And indeed as in comming there is foote after foote one step after another as degrees in comming So are there degrees in hearing whereby we come neare to heare The first and neerest degree in hearing Degrees in hearing 1 whereby we come close up to God is the hearing of the sacred Oracles of God God's originall very Word properly so
〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 De Gregentio Tephrensi Palladius in ejusdem disputat cum Herbono p. 204. Et Hesych Presbyt in Levitic cap. 22. p. 509. Inde nomen 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 Sacerdotibus precipué datum eô quod Legatorum vice fungerentur Exod. 4.16 so the Greeke Fathers Mediatores so diverse of the Latine though S. Augustine mislike the phrase that whereas neither God can speake to man because an infinite and glorious essence nor man can behold or heare God or the Angels because he a sinfull and mortall creature For who can looke upon the Sun or who can see God and live God therefore hath appointed some men who give me leave to say it might be as Moses unto Aaron Gods unto men by thus mediating betweene God and man in this twofold Duty by the which as * Prosp lib. 1. de vit contemp cap. 25. Prosper hath it Et Deus placatur populo populus instruitur Deo GOD being by Prayer reconciled unto his people and the people by the Word instructed unto God both in us serving GOD and one another For by the one the Words ministration the understanding is inlightned to know and beleeve GOD by the other Prayer our wils and affections are raised ordered and directed to love that GOD we know and to confesse him whom we beleeve By the one we attaine the Serpents wisdome by the other we obtaine the Doves innocency the gifts and graces of the Holy Ghost 2 Their necessity in respect of us Clergy They are though divided in GODS people yet conjoyned in us his Ministers being though two lips yet but one mouth both to preserve knowledge for your instruction and to breath forth the spirit of zeale and pious feare in holy prayers and invocation Thus as by the one we obtaine the light of knowledge so by the other we maintaine the life of faith the heat of piety and devotion Truly these two Duties are the Vrim and Thummim Exod. 28.30 which Aaron and every son of Aaron must weare on his Breast-plate knowledge whereby to guide you to GOD and holinesse wherewith to walke with you before him Thus more truly than the Heathen Ianus or Cecrops our office at once lookes two diverse wayes from God to men by his Words ministration from man to God by prayer and invocation For this cause the Holy Ghost to inable these Apostles and all us Clergie in them for these two Duties came downe in the likenesse of fiery cloven Tongues Acts 2. In their divided clefts signifying the tongue of prayer unto God the tongue of the Word administred unto men both but one tongue on each though come from Heaven yet in their site looking upwards thither from whence they came because by prayer they tend and lead thither back againe In fiery-cloven tongues because in fire there is light to lighten the eies of the blind and to guide their feet into the way of peace and this by the ministration of the Word In fire also there is heat to inflame and make them lively coales so Arnobius cals devout Christians or rather whole burnt offerings by earnest and ardent prayer unto God This was their 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 their imposition of hands or rather of tongues from Heaven The ordination of those first Apostles and of all us Clergie in them that with the Baptist we might be burning and shining Lights Iohn 5.35 Burning in our zeale by Prayer Shining by the word of knowledge That every one of us might in Gods House his Bethel be like * Gen. 28.12.19 Iacobs Ladder which he saw in Bethel whereon were Angels ascending and descending so by our office and ministration Angels might in us ascend and carry up ours and the peoples supplications unto God and Angels by us descend to bring Gods word and message to the people We indeed Gods Angels in his Heaven here on Earth the Church but these the Wings whereby we are to flie We the Worlds Lights and Stars but these the Orbes wherein we are to move These two all our Duties Prayer and the ministration of the Word But though these our Duties yet not both alike III. The Order of these Duties First to Prayer not these both equall not at all times equally and alike necessary nor alike to be esteemed of us in their worth and use As the Apostle of * 1 Cor. 13.13 Charity in respect of Faith and Hope so I of prayer in respect of the ministration of the Word The greatest of these is prayer Neither need I feare to compare them since Saint Paul comparing these three graces yet prefers one nay since all the Apostles here compare these both and yet preferre prayer Comparisons may be as they say they are odious amongst persons amongst graces and vertues not so The gifts of the minde are deservedly preferred before those of the body and those of the body before those we cal thē of Fortune Yet even both these and those give place to the gifts and graces of Gods holy Spirit Neverthelesse these also we see by the Apostle are not al equall Gifts of tongues Prophesie and this Words ministration with those other Gratis datae are inferiour to those of Faith Hope and Charity the Gratum facientes and therefore also the act and exercise of Faith Hope and Charity I meane publike and common prayer far superiour to that other the Words ministration Entia saith the Philosopher are as Numbers wherein there is first second third one before and beyond another yet no wrong each to other God made all things in number weight and measure thence their Order And by this order they continue what they are This as it is necessary to be in all things so is it also as necessary to be knowne and acknowledged where it is not so as good not be There must needs in a short time grow where no Order is confusion and where confusion's once admitted there 's all discord and dissention Witnesse the present occasion of this Synode here in the Text. There was here dissention in the Church and that because no due Order observed The Widowes of the Iewes so preferred that as they thought at least the Hellenists were altogether neglected And is it not so now at this time even in these two duties here Preaching and the ministration of the Word so highly preferred so exceedingly set by that in the meane time prayer I meane common and publike prayer is with the most or many too much neglected Prayer I say which is Gods most peculiar service our daily and continuall Sacrifice to which the Apostles give as fit is the first place this not onely thrustback but in a manner thrust out not onely not its due place but in a sort I feare amongst too many almost no place at all Beloved I would not bee understood to think a thought much lesse to speak a word to the prejudice
make any Clergy man Tutor or Overseer of his Will c. he giveth this reason thereof at large in the same Epistle because saith he Singuli divino Sacerdotio honorati in Clerico ministerio constituti non nisi Altari Sacrificijs deservire precibus atque orationibus vacare debeant c. Neither was it otherwise in Saint Chrysostomes time even in the Countrey and Vpland Parish-Churches for the building of which he excites and stirs up the people S. Chrys in 8. Act. Hom. 18. 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 Every day saith he there are Prayers and meetings for thee and through thy cause and every Lords day which is worth our observing and practise a Communion Also in his 6. Idem in 1. Tim. c. 2. Hom. 6. Homily on the 1 Tim. 2. verse 1. on those words of the Apostles First of all let Prayers and Supplications bee made c. 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 saith hee 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 That is saith he in our daily service And straight hee addeth 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 c. And this saith he every of the faithfull know how that every day both Morning and Evening it is performed by us when we powre out our Prayers for all the World for Kings c. Saint Epiphanius in like manner S. Epiphan 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 cap. 23. 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 that is Morning hymnes and Prayers are continually made in the holy Church S. Theodor. Serm. de Martyribus f. 121. as also no lesse Evening Psalmes and Prayers Also Theodoret speaking of the Temples of the Martyrs and of the Assemblies of Christians in them 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 saith hee 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 that is Often saith he yea every day doe we Christians in them offer up our Hymnes and Prayers to their Lord our GOD. Salvian also about the same time testifyeth the same amongst the Latines and westerne Christians for disputing against the prophane Atheists of his time P. Salvian Massiliens lib. 1. de Gub. Dei p. 17. 18. If saith he God be as they make him so carelesse of all humane affaires Cur ad Caelum quotidie manus tendimus cur orationibus crebris misericordiam Dei quaerimus cur ad Ecclesiasticas domos currimus cur ante Altaria supplicamus c. If so saith he why then doe we daily lift up our hands to God in our continuall prayers Why c. Surely wee might bee infinite in testimonies of this nature did either need require it or time permit it it having beene the vniversall practice of all former ages that whereas the more religiously devoted among Christians spending almost all their time in this duty did set apart whole dayes and nights and ordinarily many houres in each for the continuing their publike devotions to God in the meane time even amongst a Bubuli subulci et omnes ferè operarii ad Missam conveniunt ad caeteras autem horas Clerici Domestici Ecclesiae Hugo de Sanct. Vict. De Offic. Eccles lib. 2. cap. 3. Tom. 3. Oper. f. 266. the meanest of the many and vulgar people this morning and evening Sacrifice was not neglected but those houres at the least observed by all And when after this duty was any whit intermitted either by the peoples prophanesse or the Clergies remissenesse it was then the care of godly Princes and Prelates to lay this b Omnibus diebus c. Concil Agathens cap. 30. Eoque Vetustius Toletan 1. c. 5. Presbyter vel Diaconus vel Sub-diaconus vel quilibet Ecclesiae deputatus Clericus si intra civitatem fuerit vel in loco in quo Ecclesia est aut castella aut vici sunt aut villa si ad Ecclesiam aut ad Sacrificiū quotidianum non venerit Clericus non habeatur c. Vid. etiam Concilium Aurel. 1. c. 30. Tarracon c. 7. Gerundens c. 10. Aurelian 2. c. 14. Aurelian 4. c. 26. Braccar 1. c. 19 20. Venetic c. 14. Natbonens c. 13. Toletan 4. c. 46. c. charge on them afresh in their severall Councels and Assemblies Yea when the people wholly in a manner through want of the Words ministration to stir up this devotion failed from it yet even then did not the Church faile strictly to require it of the Clergie the true reason indeed why Masses afterward came so frequently as we see to be celebrated in private Thus was it alas we may say thus it was in former ages But now where is that pristine piety that fervent devotion that zealous care that continuall prayer Where that 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 that strength both spent in and exercised and gotten by Prayer Where that strong wrestling and prevailing with GOD by earnest supplication c. Surely we may justly feare that we are fallen into those last times when there shall scarce bee found faith upon the earth and when men at least for the generality being lovers of themselves 1 Tim. 4.1 2 Tim. 3.5 rather than lovers of God shall abandon and fall from the faith having only a forme of godlinesse but denying the power of it For now so far are we from this 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 here from this continually continued prayer that scarce is there that publike prayer that ought And though our prayers be many degrees shorter than those Epitomised formes ere whiles mentioned of the Fathers yea though they be farre the shortest of any Christian Church under Heaven for I meddle not with some late forraine reformations who may seeme either not at all to have received or scarce to have established any set or common prayer Yet neverthelesse as though as * Tert. lib. de orat cap. 12. Nisi exprobramus Deo quod nos oratio fatiga verit Tertullian speakes in another case wee would tell God to his face how weary we are of his service we even curtall and cut off these alas too short already Thus prayer scarce heard of almost in most places on the weeke dayes in the House of prayer is well nigh thereout banished on the Lords-day also and which is worst of all and of all most heynous thrust out by that which should serve it and helpe it most the ministration of the Word Give me leave a while Beloved where is that daily Morning and Evening Sacrifice which was of old and yet still ought and should be in our daily and continuall prayers offered and presented unto God Where is that our daily Service of publike and common prayer by which every Christian much more every one of us more neerely his servants should wait and attend upon GOD Where is that Lambe wont daily to bee offered up twice each day Where that continually burning fire of zeale and holy devotion which might not be suffered to goe out Levit. 6.13 Levit. 6.13 but daily still to be nourished on the Altar Of this holy and sacred fire it is recorded 2 Maccab. 1.20 2 Mach. chap.
Victim S. Hieronym Cont. Iovinian li. 2. c. 6. the latter for this cause termed 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 For as S. Hieron well Saturitas ventris Seminariū libidinis A full belly and a foule heart Remove therefore the cause of thy uncleannesse and thy uncleannesse shall be no cause of the Bridegroomes taking away 8 Lastly Fasting is as a signe so a principall cause of mourning Is there any man here that after all this which hath beene sayd cannot yet mourne for the Bridegroome Let him but fast and I dare warrant him to mourne Hunger will bring the stoutest stomackes under it will make them bend It is the Apostle who was in watchings often 2 Cor. 6.5 11.27 1 Cor. 9.27 Vid. Suidam in Lexic verb. 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 in fastings often 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 saith hee I keepe my body under The word signifyeth a buffetting about the face and eyes as a man would buffet his adversary on his knees This he did by Fasting No way so truly so fully to make us mourne as by fasting If thou canst not mourne betake thee to fasting that will make thee mourne If thou canst mourne yet notwithstanding fast and that will make thee mourne yet more And indeed Sorrow as it came from sinne so it is due onely to sin Gen. 3.16 17. No sorrow before sinne Gen. 3. In sorrow shalt thou conceive to the Woman In sorrow shalt thou eate thy bread to the Man And no sorrow after sinne All teares then shall be wiped from their eyes Apoc. 7.17.21.14 Apoc. 14.13 And from henceforth blessed are they that dye in the LORD No sorrow for them after Death Onely their time is here for sorrow and their sorrow onely for sin We sin dayly and therefore We must sorrow dayly this Godly sorrow not to be repented of 2 Cor. 7 9 10. This is the Valley of teares Here we must mourne But though all this time bee for mourning yet in this there is an especiall time for mourning in an especiall manner Eccles 3.4 And this is that Time Then at that time when the Bridegroome was taken away But here it is usually excepted by them who are no friends to set-fasts Object that this Text speakes of extraordinary fasts in cases of doubt and danger when the Bridegroome and his presence is likely to bee with-drawne or with-holden from us But they are readily confuted 1 By the context Resp and scope of CHRISTS answer which if ad idem must necessarily be meant of Set-fasts For these we read of that did here cavill at Christ and his Disciples did object the continuall Set-fast of the Baptist Mat. 9.14 Mark 2.18 Luke 5.33 the Pharisees and their disciples Why say they doe we and the Pharisees fast oft but thy Disciples fast not All the three Evangelists note this speech concerning their often Set-fasts to have beene the occasion of our Saviours answer But theirs were set and ordinary the Baptist perpetually abstaining as did Daniel from flesh and wine and all desirable meats and drinkes the other also fasting ordinarily * Luke 18.12 De Phariseis Epiphanius 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 S. Epiphan adv haeres lib. 1. haeres 16. Vid. Ioan. Drusium Praeterit lib. 3. p. 107. in locum Luke 18. Abra. Scultet Exercit Evang. lib. 1. c. 25. twice every weeke as doe the * Vid. Ioh. Buxtorf de Synagogâ Iudaic. c. 25. p. 457 Iewes at this day on our Monday their second of the weeke and on our Thursday their fifth of the weeke So that these men must either grant our blessed Saviour not to speake to purpose which to doe were no lesse than blasphemy or they must with us understand him and these words concerning ordinary set-fasts 2 It is demonstrated by the Article 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 which in the Greeke roveth not at large but points at exact specialties either let them blot out this word or grant ours and the Texts true meaning Vid. D. Chamier Panstrat Cathol Tom. 3. lib. 19. c. 7. Sect. 43 44 45 46. ubi locum hunc excutit 3 It is proved as we see by the plaine Letter which being the foundation of all other expositions either must stand where 's no reason to the contrary or must bee by reason refelled which being not yet brought by any on the adverse part there can be no cause to depart from it 4 And surely in the fourth place these words referring us plainly to such a time and absence Mat. 9.15 Mark 2.19 Luke 5.34 as is opposite to that time of his presence mentioned in the former Verses it must needs therefore follow that as the one is primarily and properly understood of his then bodily presence upon earth as the time of their rejoycing so must the other also in like manner be underunderstood of His like bodily absence by his Death Passion and Ascention the cause and time of our mourning and therefore of all ordinary fast 5 It is confirmed by the perpetuall exposition of all ancient Christians 6 Yea by the Apostles and whole Churches practice For whereas every week in the course of its dayes hath from thence a commemoration of the Great Day and our joy in Christs Resurrection we celebrating the Lords Day in joyfull prayses and thanksgiving unto God therefore why may we not as well yea much rather conclude there should bee in the same course of times the like day or dayes of mourning for his Passion that we may no lesse mourne and suffer with him the most proper duty of this our sorrowfull and sinfull life here then which is the hope of our after happinesse in Heaven joy and rejoyce with him in the memory of his most glorious and blessed Resurrection 7 But yet againe in the last place even in their sense it is direct for us For if these words are to be applied to all such times when the Bridegroome is or may be removed and withdrawne for our sinnes then is it also proper for continuall and ordinary fasts not only for extraordinary For reason wils that as we sin continually every day of the weeke so we should if it might be fast continually and mourne for our sins which because we cannot daily doe every day fit it is wee should every weeke set some dayes apart and no dayes fitter than those in which hee was even according to the Letter taken away And truly there being alwayes the same reason of every kinde of his taking away by our sins of all our mourning for our sins there being no opposition betwixt them but a subordination of the latter to the former their extraordinary fasts being grounded though in a secondary respect upon the same reason on which are our Ordinary there can be therefore no colour why the Text should be true of one and not of the other Why denied of ordinary and affirmed only of extraordinary fasts especially since our blessed Saviours answer
not eate 1 Sam. 1.7 8. 1 Sam. 1.7 David for his childe 2 Sam. 12.16 2 Sam. 12.16 Ahab for Naboths Vineyard 1 King 21.4 1 Kings 21.4 So a signe of mourning it is where griefe is caused already 2 And a meanes also to make us mourne as in the Israelites and Ninivites Fast in Samuels Davids Iehosaphats Esthers and Nehemiah's So it is a meanes and cause to helpe and further sorrow where it is not or is but yet newly begun Both I take it are the aimes of this fasting here 1 A signe of mourning For these dayes were dayes of captivity and thraldome Daniel and his fellowes in a strange land under a forraine Prince their owne countrey wasted and made desolate That famous City the figure of Heaven burnt and destroyed that glorious Temple the wonder of Nations the joy of the earth the type of our blessed Saviours body as our Saviours body at this time buried and laid in the dust No wonder then if Daniel and his fellowes mourned if they hanged up their harpes and cast downe their heads for How should they sing the Lords song in a strange land Psal 137.4 Whil'st they were captives their honours were but golden fetters their pleasures but as passengers delights which though they looke on yet they care not for In those dayes I Daniel was mourning 2 A meanes of mourning For these dayes put us in minde of a farther mourning Daniel in the Visions of the foregoing Chapter beheld not onely another worse and longer captivity but the miserable destruction 2 The time of it the finall desolation the hopeles dispersion and rejection of his whole Nation this could not lesse grieve him then it did Moses or Saint Paul Exod. 32. Rom. 9. it could not but make him wish himselfe accursed for them blotted out that they might bee written in 2 But againe to behold this in the cause in the bloud of the slaine Messias as the words of the Vision shew Chap. 9.26 Dan. 9.26 Matth. 27.25 to see the bloud of IESUS layd on them and on their children for ever to see them defiled with that bloud that must onely cleanse them To behold his and our SAVIOUR on the Crosse bleeding by them for whom He dyed to view the numberlesse number and infinite masse of the sinnes of all mankinde and his owne sins amongst them to helpe to crucifie to whip and scourge him this was the Vision of these days and seeing this he sorrowed lamented mourned and wept for it 3 But that 's not all it is not enough for him or us onely to sigh and lightly sorrow for him he must also by sorrow dye and suffer with him Who so wretched to stand by and behold another a just and innocent man to suffer death for him and not shed teares for his bloud yet this Daniel saw not onely another but the only just and holy of men that ever was yea even the Son of GOD bleeding at this very time within the compasse of these dayes A most sad heavy and dolefull spectacle This as he now saw so he now lamented and because hee could not mourne for it enough for who alasse can he both teacheth us and maketh himselfe mourne by fasting Surely any sorrow of the countenance saith the Preacher makes the heart farre better Eccles 7.3 S. Chrysost in c. 5. Mat. v. 4. Hom. 15. For as Saint Chrysostome rightly they that sorrow but for their wives their children their freinds c. shall find that whilst they sorrow they are not affected with the world their hearts runne not after covetousnesse they hanker not after money they care not for honour they passe not for pleasure no lustfull provocations stirre them no envy provokes them no injuries can move them so far are they from drunkennes gluttony and these excessive vices that they care not to eate or drinke even all that is in the World 2 Iohn 2.26 the lust of the flesh the lust of the eyes and the pride of life have no power upon them because they give themselves wholly to sorrow And if it be thus in any sorrow if worldly sorrow be such a bridle to sin how much more profitable is godly sorrow which is not onely an acceptable Sacrifice before GOD for sinne past but also a most available medicine and remedy against sinne to come For this voluntary sorrow is in stead of all burnt offering and sacrifice even Psal 51.17 Psal 51.17 The Sacrifices of God such is a contrite and humble spirit when preventing GOD wee rend it and breake it by sorrow even an holy selfe-revenge 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 so the Apostle calls it 2 Cor. 7.10 2 Cor. 7.10 Dolor appretiatus as the Schoolemen recounting what wee have done in our sinnes and valuing what wee have deserved in our punishment On the one side how many how great how haynous our sinnes are how base the motives how grievous the circumstances how dangerous to others how displeasing to GOD how deadly to our selves And if we cannot value them and their punishments as we should let us cast up our eyes with Daniel to CHRISTS Crosse and there behold the handwriting of the Law and our sinnes against us that most deserved yet most unsufferable curse and punishment due unto them GODS fierce rigour wrath and severity even executed in His owne Son upon them Let us mourning in our Prayers and humbling our selves make this the meditation of these dayes and if ever any sorrow worke repentance as sorrow must doe it 2 Cor. 7.10 this will this will make us also even us as it did Daniel at this time mourne for our sins In those dayes I Daniel was mourning c. And so having done with the Action and End of it we come to the manner and nature of this Fast I ate no pleasant bread neither came any c. 3 The manner of this Fast The very fast we have now in hand Objection There be two maine exceptions of our factious brethren against this Lenten and other fasts of the Church The one That they are Set the other That being set and certaine they are superstitiously say they placed in the choyce of some meates and drinkes Respons Concerning the former as we have spoken heretofore in another place so we both have and shall if GOD enable farther intreate upon this present occasion of Daniels fast The latter being the more immediate scope of the Text doth now more earnestly make us hasten to it Where we have two things to bee considered the one plainly implyed the other fully expressed both necessary to bee stood upon The first is That Daniel eating no pleasant bread nor flesh or wine did notwithstanding for natures necessity eate something else The second That his thus abstaining from flesh and wine with all other desireable meats was notwithstanding his eating other things a most true religious and perfect fast For the first I ate
So the whole Church represented saith Saint Cyprian in him must doe the like with him must fast and mourne and lament because even by us also as well as by them the Bridegroome was taken away 5 But there be more takings away then one we were are all guilty of taking Him away in Adam's sinne 5 By them often taken away it was our originall We had beene againe had we then beene in the Church of the Apostles it had been our personall Yet then CHRIST suffered but once Neverthelesse the Apostle telleth us of some that Crucifie againe the Sonne of GOD Heb. 6.6 afresh c. and it is the usuall glosse of the ancients and others upon those words viz. That by the ill lives and the sinnes of those that are by Baptisme inserted into CHRISTS death and so justified that by such Sinnes of theirs after Baptisme Christ againe is taken away Crucified If so who then especially in these evill dayes is free of this sinne unlesse perchance some men should againe rake up that old condemned heresie of Iovinian viz. That no man can depart from Grace after Baptisme This as he could he maintained from 1 Iohn 3.9 1 Ioh. 3.9 Whosoever is borne of GOD doth not commit sin for his seed remaineth in him and he cannot sin because he is borne of God as also that other Parallell place 1 Ioh. 5.18 We know that whosoever is borne of GOD 1 Ioh. 5.18 sinneth not but he that is begotten of GOD keepeth himselfe and that wicked one toucheth him not Though from the context of the place the scope and intent of the Epistle the History of the Church especially out of Clemens Alexandrius and Epiphanius we might abundantly shew this place by Iovinian and his followers to be perverted yet I chuse rather to use the answer of Saint Hierom S. Hieronym cont Iovinian l. 2. ad initium Surely saith Saint Hierom a strong and weighty argument it is if it were not by and by overthrowne by the Apostle in the same place verse 21. Little Children keepe your selves from Idolls A plaine case that if not from Idolatry the greatest and grossest sinne then are wee secure from no sinne A plaine case it is in those very Churches to whom this Apostle wrote The Churches of Ephesus Smyrna Pergamus Thyatira Philadelphia Sardis c. proclaime unto us that seeing the Candelsticks are removed and the Bridegroome taken away from them that the Bridegroom was first taken away by them If a Church a Congregation a number of faithfull men is not what one though for the present faithfull or believing can be secure Nay if so many Churches a Congregation of Churches have thus fallen what one Church though never so glorious for the present can be secure shall Rome shall England Nothing lesse We have all sinned againe and againe and may justly feare that as we have taken away the Bridegroome by our sinnes He may at last be altogether taken away for our sinnes Let us all in the name of GOD prevent it by this heavenly Antidote of Fasting and Prayer that so taking away our sinnes which otherwise would take away the Bridegroome He the Bridegroome may not againe bee taken away by them Let us mourne for our sinnes that we mourne not for our selves that we lament not His losse Which GOD of His mercy c. But if any mourning may serve why is Fasting rather prescribed then any other mourning Doubtlesse Reasons of Mourning by Fasting for many good Reasons Wee will name a few 1 Fasting is a holy revenge of all sinne in the first sinne but chiefly of that first sinne which first and chiefly tooke away the Bridegroome Gen. 2.17.3.3.6 11. c. That first sinne was in eating Gen. 3. Good reason therefore Eiccit ergo nos de Paradiso cibus reducat esuries reducat jejunium S. August Serm. 65. de Temp. 2 Cor. 7.11 when wee mourne for the Bridegroomes taking away to have a principall eye to that sin for the which principally the Bridegroome was taken away 2 Fasting is an holy justicing of our selves 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 the Apostle calleth it for this taking away of the Bridegroome For as the Bridegroome is taken away by the deeds of the flesh so for this wee punish the flesh by Fasting 3 Fasting is a vigilant preventing lest the Bridegroome be taken away againe Rom. 7.23 Gal. 5.17.24 For the flesh is that which ever rebelleth against the spirit Therefore They that are CHRISTS saith the Apostle have crucified the flesh 1 Cor. 9.27 And of himselfe he saith I keepe under my body and bring it into subjection lest that by any meanes having preached to others I my selfe should be a cast-away that is lest the Bridegroome be taken away from me 4 Againe Fasting is an holy experiment of selfe-denyall according as the Bridegroome commandeth that we should deny our selves and take up his crosse c For if we can deny our necessities of eating and drinking wee may well deny our pleasures if we can fast from our meate we may well fast from our sinnes from wrong from violence from extortion c. Which is the Fast that God commandeth Esa 58. Esa 58.3 4 5. 5 Againe Fasting is a just Restitution to the Creatures which having often beene abused by our intemperance and made to groane Romans 8. Rom. 8.22 we thus make them a kinde of satisfaction by our forbearance 6 Againe Fasting is an humble Confession unto Almighty GOD that as wee have offended the Bridegroome also With whom He hath given us all things Rom. 8. Rom. 8.32 So we acknowledge our selves most unworthy of any of His blessings most worthy with Him to have all things taken away 7 Againe Fasting is an holy Watching over our selves Watch and Pray is in a manner Matth. 26.41 Fast and Pray For as Watching is a conteining from sleep so is Fasting from meate both for the same end to tame the body Thence the ancient Vigills were I take it changed to Evening Fasts Sure I am * Monstrum libido sine gulâ cum duo haee tam unita atque concreta sint ut si dis jungi omninò potuissent ipsi prius ventri pudenda non adhaererent Specta corpus una regio est denique pro dispositione membrorum ordo vitiorum prior venter statim caetera saginae substracta lascivia est per edacitatem salacitas transit Tert. lib. de Iejun cap. 1. ad init Subest inguen ventri as one sayd For as * Semper juncta est Saturitati lascivia vicina sibi sunt venter genitalia pro membrorum ordine ordo vitiorum intelligitur S. August Serm. 65. de Tempore the bellie and the uncleane parts are linked together so are the sinnes of either Therefore the Apostle joyneth them Rom. 13. Rioting and Drunkennesse Chambering and wantonnesse Rom. 13.13 Philo. Iud. l. de