rains So those Northern terrors are as it were reserved by God to be sent out for a punishment when and upon whom the Divine Providence shall think fit The Division of BRITAIN How Countries are divided LET us now prepare our selves for the Division of Britain Countries are divided by Geographers either naturally according to the state of the rivers and mountains or nationally with respect to the people who inhabit them or * 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 differently and under a †〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 political consideration according to the pleasure and jurisdiction of Princes Now seeing the first and second of these divisions are here and there treated of through the whole work the third i.e. the political seems proper to this place which yet is so much obscured by the injury of time that in this matter 't is easier to convince one of errors than to discover the truth Our Historians affirm that the most ancient division of Britain is into Loegria Cambria and Albania that is to speak more intelligibly into England Wales and Scotland But I look upon this to be of later date both because 't is threefold arising from those three People the Angles the Cambrians and the Scots who afterwards shared this Island amongst them and also because there is no such division mentioned by classick Authors no nor before our country-man Geoffrey of Monmouth For as the Criticks of our age imagine his Romance had not been all of a piece unless he had made Brute have three Sons Locrinus Camber and Albanactus to answer the three nations that were here in his time in the same manner that he had before made his Brute because this Island was then called Britain And they no way doubt but if there had been more distinct nations about that time here in Britain he would have found more of Brute's children In the opinion of many learned men the most ancient division of Britain is that of Ptolemy's in his second book of Mathematical Construction where treating of Parallels he divides it into Great and Little Britain But with due submission to so great persons I conceive they would be of opinion that in this place our Island is called Britannia Magna and Ireland Parva Greâ—â— Littleâ— â—tain if they would please to consider the distances there from the Aequator a little more accurately and compare it with his Geographical Works However some modern writers have called the hither part of this Island Southwards Great and the farther towards the North Little the inhabitants whereof were formerly distinguished into Maiatae and Caledonii that is into the Inhabitants of the Plains and the Mountaineers as now the Scots are into Hechtland-men and Lowland-men But the Romans neglecting the farther tract because as Appian says it could be of no importance or advantage to them and fixing their bounds not far from Edenburgh divided the hither part now reduced to the form of a Province into two the Lower and the Upper L. 55. Britaâ—â— infeâ—â— and srior as may be gathered from Dio. The hither part along with Wales was their Upper the farther lying northward the Lower And this is confirmed by Dio's account of the Seats of the Legions The second Legion termed Augusta at Caerleon in Wales Isâ—â— Câ— erleâ—◠〈◊〉 Viâ— and the Twentieth called Victrix at Chester or Deva are both placed by him in Upper Britain But he tells us that the Sixth Legion called Victrix whose residence was at York served in Lower Britain I should think this division to have been made by Severus the Emperor since Herodian assures us that after he had conquer'd Albinus the then General of the Britains had possessed himself of the Government and setled the affairs of Britain he divided the whole Province into two parts and assigned to each its Lieutenant Afterwards the Romans divided the Province of Britain into three parts a Usserii Anâ—â—quitat Britano p. 51 as we may learn from a Manuscript of Sextus Rufus viz. Maxima Caesariensis Britannia prima and Britannia Secunda Bâ—â—tâ—â— which I fancy I have found out by the ancient Bishops and their Dioceses Pope Lucius in Grtaian intimates Dâ—â—â— that the Ecclesiastical jurisdiction of the Christians was model'd according to the jurisdiction of the Roman Magistrates and that the Archbishops had their Sees in such Cities as had formerly been the residence of the Roman Governors The cities says he and the places where Primats are to preside are not of a late model but were fixt many years before the coming of Christ to the Governors of which cities the Gentiles also made their appeals in the more weighty matters In which very cities after the coming of Christ the Apostles and their Successors setled Patriarchs or Primates Primates who have power to judge of the affairs of Bishops and in all causes of consequence Now since Britain had formerly three Archbishops London York and Caerleon I fancy that the Province we now call Canterbury for thither the See of London was translated made up the Britannia Prima that Wales which was subject to the Bishop of Caerleon was the Secunda and that the Province of York which then reached as far as the Bound was the Maxima Caesariensis â—ritain diâ—ided into parts The next age after when the Constitution of the Roman Government was every day changed either through ambition that more might be preferred to places of honour â—otitia â—rovinciâ—am or the policy of the Emperors to curb the growing power of their Presidents they divided Britain into five parts Britannia prima Secunda Maxima Caesariensis Valentia and Flavia Caesariensis Valentia seems to have been the northern part of the Maxima Caesariensis which Theodosius General under the Emperor Valens recovered from the Picts and Scots and out of complement to his Master called it Valentia as Marcellinus fully testifies in those words â—b 28. The province which had fell into the Enemy's hands he recovered and reduced to its former state so that by his means it both enjoyed a lawful Governor and was also by appointment of the Prince afterwards called Valentia 'T is reasonable to imagine that the Son of this Theodosius who being made Emperor was call'd Flavius Theodosius and made several alterations in the Empire might add the Flavia because we never meet with Britannia Flavia before the time of this Flavius To be short then Britannia Prima â—itannia â—â—ima was all that Southern tract bounded on one hand with the British Ocean and on the other with the Thames and the Severn Sea â—â—tanâ— Seâ—â—da â—â—via â—â—arienâ—â—xima â—arienâ—â—â—entia Britannia Secunda the same with the present Wales Flavia Caesariensis reached from the Thames to Humber Maxima Caesariensis from Humber to the river Tine or Severus's wall Valentia from the Tine to the Wall near Edenburgh call'd by the Scots Gramesdike which was the farthest limit of the Roman Empire And here
take cognizance of murders felonies trespasses for so they term them and many other misdemeanors Besides the King sends every year into each County two of the Justices of England to give sentence upon Prisoners â—es of â—e and to use the law-term in that cause to make a Gaol-delivery But of these more hereafter when we come to the Courts As to the Ecclesiastical Government after the Bishops of Rome had assigned to each Presbyter his Church and divided the parishes among them Honorius Archbishop of Canterbury â—â—â—â—and â—ed inâ—â—â—â—rishes about the year of our Lord 636. first began to divide England into Parishes as we read in the History of Canterbury Now England has two Provinces and two Archbishops Canterbury Primate of all England and Metropolitan and York Under these are 25 Bishops 22 under Canterbury and the rest under York What these Bishopricks are with their Counties or Dioceses which they now contain â—ops are shown us in those words of that excellent person the most reverend Father in God Matthew Parker Archbishop of Canterbury a Patron of Learning and a great Judge of Antiquities In the Province of Canterbury THE Bishoprick of Canterbury along with Rochester contains the County of Kent London has under it Essex Middlesex and part of Hertfordshire Chichester has Sussex Winchester has Hamshire Surrey Isle of Wight with Gernsey and Jersey Islands lying upon the Coast of Normandy Salisbury contains Wiltshire and Berkshire Exeter includes Devonshire and Cornwal Bathe and Wells joyntly have Somersetshire and Glocester Glocestershire Worcester Worcestershire and part of Warwickshire Hereford Herefordshire and part of Shropshire Coventry and Lichfield joyned together Staffordshire Derbyshire and the other part of Warwickshire as also that part of Shropshire which borders upon the River Repil Next Lincoln the largest contains six Counties Lincolnshire Liecestershire Huntingdonshire Bedfordshire Buckinghamshire and the other part of Hertfordshire Ely Cambridgeshire and the Isle of Ely Norwich Norfolk and Suffolk Oxford Oxfordshire Peterburrow Northamptonshire and Rutlandshire Bristol Dorsetshire To which 18 Dioceses in England must be added those of Wales or Cambria which are both deprived of an Archbishop of their own and also made fewer seven hardly coming entire into four These are â—eâ—e â—sis St. Davids whose seat is at St. Davids Landaff Banchor and Asaph or Elwensis In the Province of York YOrk it self comprehends Yorkshire and Nottinghamshire Chester Cheshire Richmondshire Lancashire with part of Cumberland Flintshire and Denbighshire Durham the Bishoprick of Durham and Northumberland Carlisle part of Cumberland and Westmerland To these may be added the Bishoprick of Sodor in Mona commonly called the Isle of Man Amongst those the Archbishop of Canterbury takes the first place the Archbishop of York the second the Bishop of London the third the Bishop of Durham the fourth and the Bishop of Winchester the fifth The rest take place according to the time of their Consecration But if any of the other Bishops happen to be Secretary to the King he claims the fifth place There are besides in England 26 Deaneries 13 whereof were made in the larger Churches by King Henry VIII upon expulsion of the Monks The Archdeaconries are sixty and the Dignities and Prebends make 544. There are also 9284 Parish-churches under the Bishops of which 3845 are appropriate as is plain from the Catalogue exhibited to King James which I have here subjoyned Now appropriate Churches are such as by the authority of the Pope and the consent of the King and Bishop of the Diocess are upon certain conditions settled upon those Monasteries Bishopricks Colleges and Hospitals whose revenues are but small either because they were built upon their ground or granted by the Lords of the Mannour Such a Settlement is expressed in form of law by being united annext and incorporated for ever But these upon the subversion of the Monasteries were to the great damage of the Church made Feuda Laicalia Lay-fees In the Province of Canterbury Dioceses Parish-Churches Churches appropriate Canterbury 257 140 London 623 189 Winchester 362 131 Coventry and Lichfield 557 250 Salisbury 248 109 Bath and Wells 388 160 Lincoln 1255 577 Peterburrow 293 91 Exeter 604 239 Glocester 267 125 Hereford 313 166 Norwich 1121 385 Ely 141 75 Rochester 98 36 Chichester 250 112 Oxford 195 88 Worcester 241 76 Bristol 236 64 S. Davids 308 120 Bangor 107 36 Llandaff 177 98 S. Asaph 121 19 Peculiars in the Province of Canterbury 57 14 The whole number in the Province of Canterbury 8219 3303 In the Province of York York 581 336 Durham 135 87 Chester 256 101 Carlisle 93 18 The whole number in York 1065 592 The whole number in both Provinces 9284 3845 But in the Book of Thomas Wolsey Cardinal written in the year 1520. there are reckoned in all the Counties 9407 Churches I know not how this difference should happen unless it be that some were demolished in the last age and Chapels which are Parochial be omitted others which are barely Chapels being reckoned up amongst the Parish-churches However I have set down the number of Churches at the end of each County out of this Book of Wolsey's There were also in the Reign of King Henry VIII if it be not a crime to mention them monuments of the piety of our fore-fathers Monasteries built to the honour of God the propagation of the Christian faith and good learning and for the support of the poor Of Religious houses i.e. Monasteries or Abbies and Priories to the number of 645. whereof when 40 had been suppressed by a Grant from Pope Clement the seventh Hen. 5. had before that dissolved 100 Pâ—iories of Monks Aliens obtained by Cardinal Wolsey who had then laid the foundation of two Colleges one at Oxford and another at Ipswich presently about the 36th of Henry VIII a torrent as it were that has thrown down the banks broke in upon the ecclesiastical state of England and to the great surprize of the whole world and oppression of this nation at once threw down the greatest part of the Religious with their curious structures For what the Pope granted to the Cardinal the King took himself by consent of Parliament Whereupon in the year 1536. all religious houses with their revenues which had 200 l. yearly or under that were granted to the King in number 376. And the next year under a specious pretence of rooting out superstition the rest along with the Colleges Chauntries and Hospitals were given up to the King's disposal At which time there were valued or taxed 605 religious houses remaining Colleges besides those in the Universities 96. Hospitals 110. Chauntries and Free-chapels 2374. Most of which in a short time were every where pulled down their revenues squander'd away and the riches which had been consecrated to God by the pious munificence of the English from the time they received Christianity were as it were in a moment dispersed and if I may use the
is Yanesbury â—esbury which 't is something strange our Author should affirm to be a Roman Camp which were for the most part square and had only a single vallum when he tells us at the same time this has a doubleditch a way of encamping not observ'd by any Author to have been us'd by that nation It 's being so very like Bratton-castle only something bigger and of an oval form would induce one to believe it Danish The length of it is 360 paces and it has three entrances one toward the north another toward the south and a third which is the principal and fortify'd with out-works after the Danish fashion toward the east â—on s From hence the Willey runs to Wilton prov'd to have been formerly call'd Ellandune from the Records quoted by our Author from the â—m 2. â— 8â—1 Monast. Anglicanum and from Brian Twine's MS. Collections where we find Ellendinia or Ellenduna that is Ellenge donne or a place naked desolate or wild from hence is Wyldton or Wylddoun and he tells us immediately after that he takes Ellendune to be Salisbury-plain But in what language is it that Ellan or Ellendge signifie wild or in what age was Wilton call'd Wyldton or Wyld-down Notwithstanding these authorities the circumstances of King Egbert's battel with Beornwulf make the opinion suspicious for 't is not probable that Egbert the most powerful Prince in the Island should let an enemy make an inroad into the very heart of his kingdom without any opposition And 't is as unaccountable why none of our Historians should tell us the battel was fought at Wilton when it is plain the town was known by this name long before that time To place Ellendune here is perhaps as unreasonable as Bromton's settling it in Middlesex But if the authority of the †Monast Angl. tom 1. p. 31. Winchester Annals may be allowed in this case the controversie is clearly enough decided For they tell us expresly this fight was at Ellendun 〈◊〉 â—â—â—â—d â—hâ— a mannour belonging to the Prior of Winchester now this can be no other place than Elingdon near Highworth upon the borders of the Mercian kingdom which once belong'd to the Monastery of S. Swithin t We come next to Salisbury Salisbury the old Sorbiodunum Sorbiodunum which our Author upon the information of a Welshman affirms to signifie a dry hill in that language Yet those who are Masters of that Tongue cannot discover any thing in it that both answers the sound of Sorbiodunum and can possibly be wrested to that sense The Saxons indeed seem to have drawn their Searesbyrig from this quality of the soil searan in that language signifying to dry but without having any eye to the old Sorbiodunum which I take to be a more probable original than either Hollingshed's derivation of it from Salisbury in Germany or John Ross's from a tower built here by Julius Caesar which he says might be call'd Caesaris burgus and so corrupted into Sarisburge as Caesar Augusta in Spain into Sarogosa But setting aside that Julius Caesar did not pursue his victories thus far that denomination is not warranted by any Author and to be sure Antoninus would have us'd the true genuine Roman name if there had been any such u How it came by the name Severia Severia I cannot certainly tell but 't is possible enough that Severus the Emperor living most of his time in Britaine might sometimes reside here and either by re-edifying the town or doing some other memorable thing at it might derive upon it that name which occasion'd the calling of this County Severnia and Provincia Severorum However that it was much frequented in the times of the later Emperors appears by the Coins of Constans Magnentius Constantine and Crispus found there w In the Saxon times It 's Condition in the Saxon times between Cynric's taking it and K. Egbert's age we meet with no mention of it but this Prince very often resided here and K. Edgar call'd here a Parliament or Great Council A. 960. After the Conquest it flourish'd mightily the Norman Kings very commonly living and sometimes holding their Parliaments here x The insolence of the Garrison Cause of the removal hinted to by our Author was no doubt one great cause of their removing For the Castle which formerly belong'd to the Bishop was upon the difference between King Stephen and Bishop Roger seis'd by the King who plac'd a Governour and a garrison in it But that being look'd upon as a violation of the Liberties of the Church gave occasion for frequent differences by which the Bishop and Canons were induc'd to the thoughts of removing into a place where they might be less disturb'd This was projected by Herebertus Pauper the brother and immediate predecessor of Richard Poor in the reign of Richard 1. But that King dying before the design could be effected and the turbulent reign of K. John ensuing they were forc'd to lay aside the thoughts of it till Henry 3.'s reign wherein it was reviv'd and completed by Richard Poor Not but Mr. Camden is in the right when he tells us that the citizens for the causes by him mention'd began by degrees to remove from Old Sarum in the reign of Richard 1. And this serves to correct those who think that the Bishop and Clergy remov'd first and that the Citizens follow'd or at least that they remov'd about the same time y The foundation of the New-Cathedral New Cathedral was begun the 4th of the Calends of May A. D. 1220. for the more effectual carrying on whereof we find that Bishop Poor in his Constitutions recommended to all Priests in his Diocese the putting dying persons in mind of a charitable contribution to this intended fabrick But a distinct account of those matters may in due time be expected from Mr. Tanner's larger History of this Church and County whose great abilities and the model he has already drawn of it encourage us to hope for a more complete and accurate Work than any thing of that kind the world has yet seen the Undertaker not contenting himself with a bare account of Families but so contriving the whole as to include both British Roman Saxon and Danish Antiquities with something of Natural History Number of Prebends z Only I cannot omit taking notice of an error observ'd in our Author by the present worthy and learned Dean of this place It has says Mr. Camden 33 Prebendaries and when he wrote this 't is very possible there might be but 33 Prebends actually full tho' the succession about that time is deliver'd so imperfectly that there is only room for conjecture But whatever might cause the mistake 't is certain when Mr. Camden wrote that there were 41 single Prebends in this Church besides four annex'd to the Dignities of the Bishop Dean Chancellour and Treasurer When the Church of New-Sarum was built it had 50. besides those annex'd as
his Thoughts of Education 8o. Dr. Hody of the Resurrection of the same Body 8o. Machiavel's Works compleat Fol. Boethius de Consolatione made English with Annotations by Richard Lord Viscount Preston 8o. Mr. Talent's Chronological Tables of Sacred and Prophane History from the Creation to the Year 1695. Bishop Wilkins of Prayer and Preaching enlarged by the Bishop of Norwich and Dr. Williams 8o. Mr. Tannner's Notitia Monastica 8o. Two Treatises of Government The first an Answer to Filmer's Patriarchae The latter an Essay concerning the true Original Extent and End of Civil Government 8o. The Fables of Aesop and other Mithologists made English by Sir Roger L'strange Kt. Fol. Three several Letters for Toleration Considerations about lowering the Interest and raising the Value of Money 8o. Sir William Temple's History of the Netherlands 8o. Miscellanea 8o. Mr. L'Clerc Logica 12o. Dr. Gibson's Anatomy of Human Bodies with Additions 8o. Dr. Patrick's new Version of the Psalms of David in Metre 12o. Mereton's Guide to Surveyers of the High-ways 8o. Sir Paul Ricaut's Lives of the Popes Fol. Sir Simon Dews's Journal of Parliaments Fol. Gentleman's Religion 12o. Two Treatises of Rational Religion 8o. Reprinting Leland De Viris Illustratibus and Boston of Bury from the MSS. with large Improvements and a Continuation by Mr. Tanner Sir Richard Baker's Chronicle of the King 's of England continued down to this time Cambridge Concordance Fol. THE LIFE OF M R. CAMDEN WILLIAM CAMDEN was born in the Old-Baily in London May 2. 1551 Diarie His father Sampson Camden was a Painter in London whither he was sent very young from Lichfield the place of his birth and education His mother was of the ancient Family of the See that County under the title Wirkinton and a MS. in Cott. Lib. sub Effigie Jul. F. 6. Curwens of Workinton in the County of Cumberland Where or how he was brought up till twelve years of age we must content our selves to be in the dark since his own Diarie gives us no insight into that part of his Life There is a tradition that he was Scholar of the Blew-coat Hospital in London which if true assures us that his Father left him very young because the particular constitution of the place admits of none but Orphans But the Fire of London which consum'd the Matriculation-books with the whole House has cut off all possibility of satisfaction in that point When he came to be twelve years old he was seiz'd by the Plague Peste correptus Islingtoniae Diar and remov'd to Islington near London Being fully recover'd he was sent to Paul's School where he laid the foundation of that niceness and accuracy in the Latin and Greek to which he afterwards arriv'd The meanness of his circumstances gave him no prospect of any great matters and yet his Friends were unwilling that such fine Parts should be lost and a Youth in all respects so promising be thrown away for want of encouragement Nothing was to be done without a Patron whose Favour might countenance him in his Studies and whose Interest might supply the narrowness of his Fortune At that time Dr. Cooper afterwards promoted to the Bishoprick of Lincoln and then to that of Winchester was Fellow of Magdalen-College in Oxford and Master of the School belonging to it To his care he was recommended and by his means probably admitted Chorister No project could have a better appearance upon all accounts For as his gradual advancement in that rich and ample Foundation would have been a settlement once for all so one in the Doctor 's station must on course carry a considerable stroke in the business of Elections But as promising as it look'd when it came to the push he miss'd of a Demie's place So defeated of his hopes and expectations in that College he was forc'd to look out for a new Patron and to frame a new Scheme for his future fortunes The next encouragement he found was from Dr. Thomas Thornton By him he was invited to Broad gate-Hall since call'd Pembroke-College where he prosecuted his Studies with great closeness and the Latin Graces us'd by the College at this day are said to be of his compiling Among his other acquaintance he was peculiarly happy in the two Carews Richard and George both of this Hall both very ingenious and both Antiquaries For tho' the first was a Member of Christ-church Wood's Athen. vol 1. p. 384. he had his Chamber in Broad gate-hall and Sir Baronage T. â—â— 41â— Bâ—own's addâ—tional notes to a catalogue of Scholars in University-Coâ—legâ— William Dugdale's affirming the second to have been of University-College seems occasion'd by two of the sirname being Members of this house about the same time I know not whether we may date his more settl'd inclination to Antiquities from this lucky familiarity and correspondence 'T is certain that nothing sets so quick an edge as the conversation of equals and 't is by some such accidents that men are generally determin'd in their particular Studies and Professions Here he continu'd almost three years in which time by his diligence and integrity he had settl'd himself so firmly in the good opinion of his Patron that when the Doctor was advanc'd to a Canonry of Christ-church See his Britannia p. 140. he carry'd him along with him and entertain'd him in his own Lodgings He was then scarce 20 years old an age wherein the study of Arts and Sciences and the want of a judgment solid enough excuse men from much application to the deep points of Religion and Controversie And yet even then his reputation upon that account cost him a very unlucky disappointment He stood for a Fellowship of All-Souls College but the Popish party such at least whose inclination lay that way whatever their Profession was out of an apprehension how little his advancement was like to make for their cause oppos'd it so zealously that it was carry'd against him Many years after upon an imputation of Popery which we shall have occasion to speak to by and by Epist 195 among other testimonies of his fidelity to the Church of England he urges this instance as one For the truth of it he appeals to Sir Daniel Dun then Fellow of the College and a person whose prudence and integrity recommended him more than once to the choice of the University in their Elections for Parliament-men After five years spent in the University and two remarkable disappointments in his endeavours towards a settlement his poor condition put him under a necessity of leaving that place Whether he had taken the Degree of Batchelour does not certainly appear That in June 1570. he supplicated for it is evident from the K K. fol. 95. b. Register of the University but no mention made of what answer he had Three years after he supplicated again for the same Degree and seems to have took it but never compleated it by Determinations However in the year 1588. Wood's Athen vol. 1. p. 409. he
mix'd with common dust * Fastiâ—â—on paâ—â— p. 765. And when that garrison was surrender'd to the Parliament he took great care for the preservation of the publick Library and bequeathed to it many MSS. with the Collections aforesaid which of themselves †Ibid. p. 69â— amounted to 122 Volumes at least pp Our next place upon the river is Selby part of which ancient and beautiful Church with half of the steeple fell down suddenly about 6 a clock on Sunday morning 30 March 1690. From hence our Author carries us to Escricke Escricke which gave the title of Baron to Sir Thomas Knivet He was Gentleman of the Privy-Chamber to King James 1. and the person intrusted to search the vaults under the Parliament-house where he discover'd the 36 barrels of gun-powder and the person who was to have fir'd the train qq Afterwards the Ouse passeth by Drax where the benefaction of Charles Read Esq a native of the place and Judge in Ireland ought not to be omitted He erected here a Hospital as also a School-house and endow'd them with 100 l. per an EAST-RIDING EAst-Riding East-Riding or the east part of Yorkshire a where the Parisi Parisi are seated by Ptolemy makes the second division of this County lying east of York The north and west sides of it are bounded by the winding course of the river Derwent the south by the aestuary of Humber and the north by the German Ocean That part of it towards the sea and the river Derwent is pretty fruitful but the middle is nothing but a heap of mountains called a Wold in Saxon signifies a large plain without woods Yorkeswold which signifies Yorkshire hills The river Derventio or as we call it Derwent rises near the shore and runs towards the west but then turns again towards the south and passes by Aiton and Malton which because they belong to the North-Riding of this County I shall reserve for their proper places As soon as the river has enter'd this quarter it runs near the remains of that old castle Montferrant Montferrant Historia Meauxensis which belonged formerly to the Fossards men of great honour and estates But William Fossard of this family being in ward to the King and committed to the guardianship of William le Grosse Earl of Albemarle enraged the Earl so by debauching his sister tho' he was then but very young that in revenge he demolished this castle and forced the noble young Gentleman to forsake his country Yet after the death of the Earl he recovered his estate and left an only daughter who was married to R. de Tornham by whom she had a daughter afterwards married to Peter de Malo-lacu whose posterity being enriched with this estate of the Fossards became very famous Barons b Not far from hence stands a place seated upon a bank of the river called Kirkham i.e. the place of the Church for here stood a College of Canons founded by Walter Espec a very great man whose daughter brought a vast estate by marriage to the family of the Rosses Next but somewhat lower upon the Derwent there stood a city of the same name which Antoninus calls Derventio Derventio and tells us it was seven miles distant from York The Notitia makes mention of a Captain over ‖ Noâ—â— Derâ—â—â—enâ—â— the Company Derventienses under the General of Britain that lived here and in the time of the Saxons it seems to have been the Royal Village situated near the river Doreventio says Bede where Eumer that Assassin as the same Author has it pushed with his sword at Edwin King of Northumberland and had run him through if one of his retinue had not interpos'd and sav'd his master's life with the loss of his own Where this place is I could never have discover'd without the light I have received from that polite and accurate scholar Robert Marshall He shewed me that at the distance from York I mention'd there is a little town seated upon the Derwent called Auldby which signifies in Saxon the old habitation where some remains of antiquity are still extant and upon the top of the hill towards the river is to be seen the rubbish of an old castle so that this cannot but be the Derventio From hence the river flows through Stanford-bridge which from a battel fought there is also called Battle-bridge Baâ—â—â—â—-bridge c For here Harald Haardread the Norwegian who with a fleet of 200 sail had infested this Kingdom and from his landing at Richal had marched thus far with great outrage and devastation was encountred by King Harold of England who in a fair battel here slew him and a great part of his army and took so much gold among the spoil that twelve young men could hardly bear it upon their shoulders as we are told by Adam Bremensis This engagement was fought about nine days before the coming in of William the Conquerour at which time the dissolute luxury of the English seems to have foretold the destruction of this Kingdom b See the General part under the title Normans But of this we have spoke already THE EAST RIDING of YORKSHIRE by Robert Morden Cum patre Radulpho Babthorpe jacet ecce Radulphus Filius hoc duro marmore pressus humo Henrici sexti dapifer pater Armiger ejus Mors satis id docuit fidus uterque fuit The two Ralph Babthorps father and his son Together lye interr'd beneath this stone One Squire one Sew'r to our sixth Henry was Both dy'd i' th field both in their master's cause Now the Derwent with a larger stream glides on near Howden â—wden a market town remarkable not for it's neatness or resort but for giving name to the neighbouring territory which from it is called Howdenshire and not long since for having a pretty Collegiate Church of five Prebendaries to which a house of the Bishops of Durham is adjoyned who have a vast estate hereabouts Walter Skirlaw one of them who flourish'd about the year 1390. as we find in the book of Durham built a huge tall steeple to this Church that in case of a sudden inundation the inhabitants might save themselves in it Not far distant from hence is Metham â—â—â—m which gives a name and seat to the famous and ancient family of the Methams d The Ouse grown more spacious runs with a swift and violent stream into the Aestuary Abus â—tuary of â—s the name by which it is expressed in Ptolemy e but the Saxons 〈◊〉 and we at this day call it Humber 2 Whereof also the Country beyond it by a general name was call'd Northumberland and from it all that part of the country on the other side was in general termed Nordan humbria Both names seem to be derivatives from the British Aber which signifies the mouth of a river and was perhaps given to this by way of excellence because the Urus or Ouse with all those
and holding there could not be three persons and one God Among other tenents he asserted that the blessed Virgin our Saviour's mother was an harlot that there was no resurection that the holy Scripture was a mere fable and that the apostolical See was an imposture and a groundless usurpation Upon these Articles Duff was convicted of heresie and blasphemy and was thereupon burnt at Hoggis green near Dublin on the Monday after the octaves of Easter in the year 1328. MCCCXXVIII On Tuesday in Easter-week Thomas Fitz John Earl of Kildare and Chief Justice of Ireland departed this life and was succeeded in the office of Justiciary by Frier Roger Outlaw Prior of Kilmaynan The same year David O Tothil a stout rapperie and an enemy to the King who had burnt Churches and destroy'd many people was brought out of the castle of Dublin to the Toll of the City before Nicholas Fastol and Elias Ashburne Judges of the King's-Bench who sentenc'd him to be dragg'd at a horse's tail through the City to the Gallows and to be hang'd upon a Gibbet which was after executed accordingly Item In the same year the Lord Moris Fitz Thomas rais'd a great army to destroy the Bourkeyns and the Poers The same year William Lord Bourk Earl of Ulster was knighted at London on Whitsunday and the King gave him his Seigniory Item This year James Botiller married the daughter of the Earl of Hereford in England and was made Earl of Ormond being before called Earl of Tiperary The same Year a Parliament was held at Northampton where many of the English Nobility met and a peace was renew'd between the Kingdoms of England Scotland and Ireland and confirm'd by marriages It was enacted also that the Earl of Ulster with several of the English Nobility should go to Berwick upon Tweed to see the marriage solemniz'd The same year after the solemnity of this match at Berwick was over Robert Brus King of Scots William Lord Burk Earl of Ulster the Earl of Meneteth and many other of the Scotch Nobility came very peaceably to Cragfergus whence they sent to the Justiciary of Ireland and the Council that they would meet them at Green Castle to treat about a Peace between Scotland and Ireland but the Justiciary and Council coming not accotding to the King's appointment he took his leave of the Earl of Ulster and return'd into his own Country after the Assumption of the blessed Virgin and the Earl of Ulster came to the Parliament at Dublin where he staid six days and made a great entertainment after which he went into Conaught The same year about the feast of S. Catharine the virgin the Bishop of Ossory certified to the King's Council that Sir Arnold Pour was upon divers Articles convicted before him of heresie Whereupon at the Bishop's suit Sir Arnold Poer by vertue of the King's Writ was arrested and clapt in the Castle of Dublin and a day was appointed for the Bishop's coming to Dublin in order to prosecute him but he excused himself because his enemies had way-laid him for his life So that the King's Council could not put an end to this business wherefore Sir Arnold was kept prisoner in the Castle of Dublin till the following Parliament which was in Midlent where all the Irish Nobility were present The same year Frier Roger Outlaw Prior of the Hospital of S. John of Jerusalem in Ireland Lord Justice and Chancellor of Ireland was scandalized by the said Bishop for favouring heresies and for advising and abetting Sir Arnold in his heretical practice Wherefore the Frier finding himself so unworthily defamed petitioned the King's Council that he might have leave to clear himself which upon consultation they granted and caused it to be proclaim'd for three days together That if there were any person who could inform against the said Frier he should come in and prosecute him but no body came Upon which Roger the Frier procured the King 's Writ to summon the Elders of Ireland viz. the Bishops Abbots Priors and the Mayors of Dublin Cork Limerick Waterford and Drogheda also the Sheriffs and Seneschals together with the Knights of the Shires and the better sort of Free-holders to repair to Dublin out of which six were chosen to examine the cause viz. M. William Rodyard Dean of the cathedral-Cathedral-Church of S. Patrick in Dublin the Abbot of S. Thomas the Abbot of S. Mary's the Prior of the Church of the holy Trinity in Dublin M. Elias Lawles and Mr. Peter Willebey who convened those who were cited and examined them all apart who deposed upon their Oaths that he was a very honest faithful and zealous embracer of the Christian Faith and would if occasion serv'd lay down his Life for it And because his vindication was so solemn he made a noble entertainment for all them who would come The same year in Lent died Sir Arnold Pouer in the Castle of Dublin and lay a long time unburied in the house of the predicant Friers MCCCXXIX After the feast of the annunciation of the bless'd Virgin Mary the Irish nobility came to the Parliament at Dublin to wit the Earl of Ulster Moris Lord Fitz Thomas the Earl of Louth William Bermingham and the rest of the Peers where was a new peace made between the Earl of Ulster and my Lord Moris Fitz-Thomas and the Lords with the King's Council made an Order against riots or any other breach of the King's peace so that every Nobleman should govern within his own Seignory The Earl of Ulster made a great feast in the Castle of Dublin and the day after the Lord Moris Fitz-Thomas made another in S. Patrick's Church in Dublin as did also Frier Roger Outlaw Lord Chief Justice of Ireland on the third day at Kylmaynan and after this they went all home again The same year on S. Barnaby's eve Sir John Bermingham Earl of Louth was kill'd at Balybragan in Urgale by the inhabitants and with him his own brother Peter Bermingham besides Robert Bermingham his reputed brother and Sir John Bermingham son to his brother Richard Lord of Anry William Finne Bermingham the Lord Anry's Uncle's son Simon Bermingham the aforesaid William's son Thomas Berminghan son to Robert of Conaught Peter Bermingham son to James of Conaught Henry Bermingham of Conaught and Richard Talbot of Malaghide a man of great courage besides 200 men whose names are not known After this slaughter Simon Genevils men invaded the Country of Carbry that they might by their plunder ruin the inhabitants for the thefts and murders they had so often committed in Meth but by their rising they prevented the invasion and slew 76 of the Lord Simon 's men The same year also on the day after Trinity-sunday John Gernon and his brother Roger Gernon came to Dublin in the behalf of those of Urgale that they might be tried by the Common-law And on the Tuesday after S. John's-day John and Roger hearing the Lord William Bermingham was a coming to Dublin left
prefixed to their names are not ashamed of these appellations 'T is look'd upon as foreboding a speedy death to the parent or any other of the Ancestors to give his or their names to any of the children and therefore they decline it as unlawful Yet when the father dies the son assumes his name lest it should be lost or forgotten and if any of the Ancestors has been famous for their atchievements the like bravery is expected from him And the rather upon the account of the Poets who keep the registâ—â— of their actions which they magnifie with great â—â—â—â—tion and liberty and grow very rich by the reâ—â—â—â— as they have for this service For Brides and woâ—â—â— great with child think it scandalous if they are not bountiful in presenting their best cloaths to a pâ—rson so instrumental in their Glory Women within six days after their delivery return to their husband's bed and put out their children to nurse Great application is made from far and near to be nurses to the children of these Grandees who are more tender and affectionate to these foster-children than to their own And notwithstanding a very ill temper of body in the natives of this Country by reason of a bad air a moist soil and diet and licentiousness for want of laws nay and notwithstanding they think it a disgrace to suckle children yet for the sake of nursing these man and wife abstain from each other and in case they do otherwise they find another nurse at their own charge The nurses here are almost as numerous as the maid-servants they think it worth whoring at any time to have the suckling of an infant If the infant is sick they besprinkle it with the stalest urine they can get and for a preservative against all misfortunes they hang not only the beginning of St. John's Gospel about the child's neck but also a crooked horse-nail or a piece of woolfs skin For this very purpose also both the nurses and their sucklings wear always a girdle of woman's hair about them 'T is moreover observed that they present their Lovers with bracelets wrought of such hair whether or not in imitation of the Girdle of Venus called Cestos I cannot tell The Foster-fathers take much more pains spend much more money and shew more affection and kindness to these children than to their own They claim not by a natural right but extort cloaths money c. to carry on their studies buy them arms and gratifie their lusts by force and robbery All that have suckt the same breasts are very kind and loving and confide more in each other than if they were natural brothers so that they have even an aversion to their own brothers for the sake of these If their parents reprehend them they fly to their Foster-fathers for protection by whom they are often excited to an open war and defiance against them so that being seconded and brought up after this manner they grow the vilest profligates in nature And not only the sons but the daughters are spoil'd too for their nurses bring them up to all manner of lewdness If one of these foster-children happens to be sick 't is incredible how soon the nurses hear it though they live at never so great a distance and with what concern they attend the child day and night upon this occasion Nay the corruption and debauchery of Ireland are t is believed to be imputed to no other cause than this method of nursing It is probable this country is more hot and moist than any other by reason the flesh of the natives is particularly soft proceeding very likely from the nature of the climate and their frequent use of artificial bathings This softness of their muscles makes them also extraordinary nimble and pliant in all parts of their body The people are strangely given to idleness think it the greatest wealth to want business and the greatest happiness to have liberty They love musick mightily and of all instruments are particularly taken with the harp which being strung up with brass wire and beaten with crooked Uâ—guiâ—â—â— nails is very melodious Those that are religious mortifie themselves with wonderful austerity by watching praying and fasting so that the stories we find of their Monks heretofore are not to be lookt upon as incredible The very women and maidens fast every Wednesday and Saturday all the year round and some also upon St. Catherine's day and never fail upon a Christmas day though never so sick to the end some say that the virgins may get good husbands and that the wives may become happier in a married state either by the death or desertion of their husbands or else by their reformation and amendmenc But such among them as give themselves up to a vicious course are the vilest creatures in the world With the bark of Alders they die their cloaths black in dying yellow they make use of Elder berries With the boughs bark and leaves of poplar-trees bruised and stamp'd they dye their shirts of a saffron colour which are now much out of use mixing the bark of the wild Arbut-tree with salt and saffron In dying their way is not to boil the thing long but to let it soak for some days together in cold urine that the yellow may be deeper and more durable Robberies here are not looked upon as scandalous but are committed with great barbarity in all parts of the Country When they are upon such a design they pray to God to offer them good booty and look upon a prize as the effects of God's bounty to them They are of opinion that neither violence robbery nor murther is a sin If it were they say God would not tempt them with an opportunity nay they hold it would be a sin not to lay hold of it One shall hear the very Rogues and Cut-throats say The Lord is merciful and will not suffer the price of his own blood to be lost in me Moreover they say they do but follow the example of their Fore-fathers and that this is the only method of livelihood they have left them That it would sully the honour of their family to work for their maintenance and give over their desperate courses When they are upon the road for robbing or any other design they take particular notice whom they first meet in a morning that they may avoid or meet him again as their luck answers that day They reckon it baseness and want of courage to be in bed in a stormy night and not on foot upon some long journey and running the risk of some danger for the sake of a good prize Of late they spare neither Churches nor Temples but rob them burn them and murder such as have hid themselves there The vileness of the lives of their Priests is the great cause of this degeneracy who have converted the Temples into Houses wherein they keep their whores who follow them wheresoever they go and in case they find
themselves thrown off or rejected endeavour to revenge the injury by poison The Church is the habitation of the Priest's whores and Bastards there they drink fornicate murder and keep their Cattle Among these wild Irish there is nothing sacred no signs of a Church or Chapel save outwardly no Altars or at most such only as are polluted and if a Crucifix thereon defaced and broken the sacred Vestments are so nasty they would turn one's stomach their moveable Altar without a cross mean and despicable the Mass-book torn and without the Canon used also in all oaths and perjuries their Chalice is of lead without a cover and their Communion-cup of horn The Priests think of nothing but providing for their Children and getting more The Rectors play the Vicars and that in many Parishes together being great pretenders to the Canon-law but absolute strangers to all parts of learning The sons succeed their fathers in their Churches having dispensations for their Bastardy These will not go into Priest's orders but commit the charge to the * Presbyâ—er Curates without any allowance that they may live by the Book i e. by the small oblations at baptism unctions or burials which proves but a poor maintenance The sons of these Priests who follow not their studies grow generally notorious Robbers For those that are called Mac Decan Mac Pherson Mac Ospac i.e. the son of the Dean Rector and Bishop are the greatest Robbers enabled by the bounty of their Parents to raise the greater gang of accomplices which likewise induces them to hospitality after the example of their Fore-fathers The daughters of these if married in their fathers life-time have good portions but if afterwards they either turn whores or beggars They hardly speak three words without a solemn oath by the Trinity God the Saints St. Patrick St. Brigid their Baptism their Faith the Church their God-fathers hand and by this hand Though they take these oaths upon the Bible or Mass-book laid upon their bare heads and are perjured or forsworn yet if any one put them in mind of the danger of damnation they presently tell him That God is merciful and will not suffer the price of his own blood to be lost Whether I repent or not I shall never be thrown into Hell As for performance of promise these three things are looked upon as the strongest obligations among them 1. To swear at the Altar with his hand upon the book as it lyes open upon his bare head 2. To invoke some Saint or other by touching or kissing his bell or crooked staff 3. To swear by the hand of an Earl or by the hand of his Lord or any other person of Quality For perjury in the two first cases makes him infamous but in this last oath the Grandee by whose name be swore fines him so much money and so many cows for the injury he has done his name For Cows are the most valuable treasure here Of which this is remarkable as the same writer tells us that cows are certain to give no milk in Ireland unless either their own calves be set alive by them or the skin of a calf stuffed out with straw to represent a live one in which they meet with the smell of their own Matrix If the cow happens to become dry a witch is sent for who settles the cows affections upon another calf by certain herbs and makes her yield her milk They seldom marry out of their own town and contract with one another not in praesenti but in futuro or else consent without any manner of deliberation Upon this account the least difference generally parts them the husband taking another wife and the wife another husband nor is it certain whether the contract be true or false till they dye Hence arise feuds rapines murders and deadly enmities about succeeding to the inheritance The cast-off-wives have recourse to the witches these being looked upon as able to afflict either the former husband or the new wife with barrenness or impotency or some other calamity All of them are very apt to commit incest and divorces under pretence of conscience are very frequent Both men and women set a great value upon their hair especially if it is of a golden colour and long for they plat it out at full length for more shew and suffer it to hang down finely wreath'd folding over their heads many ells of fine linnen This sort of head-dress is wore by all that can compass it be they wives or strumpets after child-bed To this may be added abundance of superstitious customs Whether or no they worship the Moon I know not but when they first see her after the change they commonly bow the knee say the Lord's Prayer and then address themselves to her after this manner Leave us as well as thou found us They receive Wolves as Gossips calling them Chari Christ praying for them and wishing them happy upon which account they are not afraid of them They look through the blade-bone of a shoulder of mutton when the meat is pick'd clean off and if they find it dark in any part they think it portends a funeral out of that family They take any one for a witch that comes to fetch fire on May-day and therefore refuse to give any unless the party asking it be sick and then it is with a curse believing that all their butter will be stole away next summer by this woman On May-day likewise if they find a hare among their herd they endeavor to kill her out of a notion that this is some old witch or other that has a design upon their butter If their butter be stolen they fancy they shall recover it if they take some of the thatch that hangs over the door and throw it into the fire But they think it foretells them a plentiful dairy if they set boughs of trees before their doors on a May-day When any Town-magistrate among them enters upon his office the wives in the streets and the maidens in the window strew him and his retinue with salt and wheat Before they sow their fields the good wife of the house sends salt to it To prevent the Kite and hinder him from stealing their chickens they hang up the egg-shells wherein the chickens were hatch'd in the cieling of the House It is thought unlawful to rub or clean their horses feet or to gather grass for them upon a saturday though all this may be done upon their strictest Holy-days If they never lend out fire to their neighbours they imagine it adds length of life and much health to their horses When the owner of a horse eats eggs he must be very careful to eat an even number otherwise they endanger their horses Jockeys are not at all to eat eggs and whatever horseman does it he must wash his hands immediately after When a horse dies the master hangs up the feet and legs in the house and looks upon the very hoofs as