Selected quad for the lemma: cause_n

Word A	Word B	Word C	Word D	Occurrence	Frequency Band	MI	MI Band	Prominent
cause_n	answer_v	king_n	lord_n	1,968	5	4.1168	3	true

Text snippets containing the quad

ID	Title	Author	Corrected Date of Publication (TCP Date of Publication)	STC	Words	Pages
A00616	The conspiracie of Catiline, written by Constancius, Felicius, Durantinus, and translated bi Thomas Paynell: with the historye of Iugurth, writen by the famous Romaine Salust, and translated into Englyshe by Alexander Barcklaye; De conjuratione L. Catalinae. English	Felice, Costanzo.; Paynell, Thomas.; Barclay, Alexander, 1475?-1552.; Sallust, 86-34 B.C. Bellum Jugurthinum. English. aut	1557 (1557)	STC 10752; ESTC S101906	241,855	430

retynue which thing I know for certayne is to your greate pleasure and gladnes For his worthy merytes he is right dere and wel beloued vnto vs. And we shall deuoyr vs to the best of oure power that he may bee lyke deere and well beloued of all the senatours people of Rome I am surely ryght ioyefull on youre behalfe of this youre treasoure Iugurth thauncient amyte betwene you and me byndeth me to be gladde of this your commodite For certaynely lo here haue ye a man of Iugurth wrrthy to discende of such noble stocke as ye are and as his grandefather Massinissa was in his dayes whom he foloweth in all poyntes of vertue and magnanimite ¶ Howe the kyng Micipsa adopted Iugurth vnto his sonne The fyfte Chapter WIth these letters of Scipio Iugurth retourned vnto Numidy vnto his vncle Mycipsa where he was worthely and ioyefully receiued of the cōmentie But after that the king Micipsa vnderstode by these letters of commendacion of the captayne Scipio that the valiaunte and noble actes of Iugurth were trewe whiche longe before he had harde by report of the cōmen fame thā what for the nobles of Iugurth and fauoure bothe of his dedes and commendacion of Scipio he moued his mynde chaunged frō his forsayd purpose and not forther intended to oppresse Iugurthe by malyce nor enuy But concluded to attempt to ouercome him with benefites and kindnesse to th entent that he so ouercome shulde not in tyme to come fynde in his hert for pyte to indommage hym nor his heyres And sone after this purpose the same Micipsa adopted Iugurth vnto his sonne and farthermore decreed ordayned in his testament that Iugurth shulde be one of his heyres and partener in possession of his kingdome togyder with his two natural sōnes Adherbal Hiempsall But a fewe yeres after this ordinaunce Micipsa what by age what by sykenesse drew nere vnto his end of lyfe and was consumed by age and disease wherfore consideryng his deth so fast approchynge it is sayd that he called Iugurth before him and than before many of his frendes and kynsmen also in presēce of his two natural sōnes Adherbal and Hiempsal he had to the same Iugurth such wordes as he herafter insue folowe ¶ The exortacion which the kyng Micipsa a lytell before his deth had to Iugurth The .vi. Chapter MI dere sonne Iugurth I knowe it is not oute of your remembraūce howe after that ye had lost your father my brother I charitably louingly receiued you yonge of tender age into my kyngdome what tyme ye warre without riches wythout conforte and without any hope of comferte or ryches but very lykely to haue bene cast awaye This dyd I thinkyng that for these my benefytes and kyndnesse I shoulde bee vnto you not lesse intyerly beloued than of myne owne naturall chyldren with my body begotten Nor certainly this thing hath not disceiued me For why to ouerpasse your other great magnificente excellente dedes of you valyauntly done before specially now last of all cōmynge from the warre of Numāce ye greatly adourned and inhaunced to honoure glory bothe of mine owne person and this my kingdome And where as the Romaynes in fore times were frendes vnto vs by your vertue and manlye actes ye haue establyshed that amitie and of frendes made thē moche moore frendes So that in Hispayne the name glorie of oure householde by your manhode is renouate and renewed Thus finally ye haue ouercome the enuie of your yl willers onely by your glorious actes and valiaunt interprises whiche is one of the moost difficultie wherfore nowe my sonne Iugurth sithe it is so that nature hath nere concluded the ende of my life I admonishe charge and exhorte you by the faith of your right hand and by the faith and fidelite which ye owe to this my kingdome I obtest and require you that ye loue meintaine and cherishe these my two sonnes Adherbal and Hiempsall whiche of kinnered be nere to you and by my benefite and kindnes are bretherene vnto you Forthremore I exhorte you that ye counte not better and moore pleasure to acquainte and conioine vnto youe forayns or straungers rather than to ret●yne suche as be ioyned to you by natural blode and kynred For neyther is a great army of men nor habundance of treasours the chefe socours or defence of a kyngdome but ●oche rather trusty faythfull frendes whome a man canne neyther compelled by force of armes nor yet bye with golde nor syluer to parseuer in stedfast amyte but they be optayned kept by kyndnesse good dedes fidelite faythfulnes But among all frendes who can be more frendlye stedfaste in amyte than brother to brother Certaynly none ought to be more louyng of natural inclination Or what straūger shal ye fynd faythful and trusty to you if ye shewe your selfe ennemy to your owne kynsmen Forsothe if ye contynue togyder honest good louyng in agreable concorde bytwene your selfe thanne this kyngdome which I committe gaue vnto you shall continue sure and stedfast as it is nowe But cōtrarely if ye be yll and disagreynge among your selfe ye shal in short season make it ryght poore feble incertayne For by loue peace concorde small ryches small lordshyppes generally al smal thynges increase and multiplie by discorde the grettest thynges of the worlde decay and fall vtterly to ruyne But you my sonne Iugurthe by cause ye passe these myne other two naturall sonnes in age wysdome therfore it semeth you moche more than them to make suche wyse prouision bothe for your selfe and for them also that nothyng happen other wyse than well For in euery stryffe debate howe be it whiche is mightyer rycher often suffreth iniury Neuerthelesse it semeth more that he dothe wronge thanne his feble aduersary But ye my dere sonnes Adherball Hiempsall se that ye worshipe and loue this Iugurth your worthy vncle And bewar that ye nat offende nor dysplease hym but folow his vertue manly behauour And do your deuoir to the best of your power after his example behauynge your selfe so discretly so wysely that it be nat hereafter reported by me that I haue taken vnto me by adoption better chyldren than I haue begottē Thus concluded the kyng Micipsa his words Howe be it Iugurth well perceyued the kynges wordes but fayned and spoken agaynst his herte if any other remedy myghte haue bene founde neuertheles he answered benygnely for the tyme all if he thought and reuoulued in his mynde moche otherwyse and contrary to his humble and mylde answere ¶ Howe the kyng Mycipsa departed from lyfe and of the fyrst cause of dissencion and discord betwene Iugurth A●herball and Hiempsall The .vii. Chapter NOt long after the kynge Micipsa decessed whose deathe was dolourous and sore bewayled of all his subiectes but most of all to his naturall sonnes it was to be lamented and not without greate cause as the processe of this

wretched persō but also against you your empire Suffre not the kingdō of Numidy which is youre owne to decay be destroied by cruel tirāny of Iugurth by the effusiō of blod murdre of the linage of Massinissa somtyme most faythfull and constant friend of this your empire ¶ How the embassadours of Iugurth replied against these wordes of Adherbal what direccion was taken for bothe partes of the Senatours of Rome The .xi. Chapter AFter that Adherbal in forme aboue writē had ended his cōplaint anone the embassadours of Iugurth arose answered brefely in few wordes as they whiche had more trust and confidence in theyr greate giftes giuen befoore to manye of the rulers of Rome than in any right of theyr cause thus they replyed in effecte saieng before the senatours that Hiempsall was slayne of the Numidians for his owne hastynes cruelte and not by knowlege of Iugurth and as touchyng Adherba● he began warre agaynst Iugurth of his owne froward mynde without any occasion but after he was ouercome in batayle bycause he was not able to reuenge him self nor to make his partie good he fled vnto Rome to complayne hym to the senatours of Iugurth where al the faute was in himselfe in none other concernyng the partie of Iugurth they requyred the senatours in his behalfe in his absence to count him none other than he was proued knowen in the warre of Numance that they wold not set more by the wordes of his ennemy than by his dedes magnificently proued This saide anone after bothe parties departed in sonder from the court Immediatly the Senatours toke coūsell what best was to be done in the cause The fauourers of Iugurth of his embassadours and more ouer a great part of the Senatours wer corrupt before by parcialite fauour and rewardes of Iugurth so deprauat that they contemned set at nought the wordes of Adherball exaltyng cōmendynge the manhode of Iugurth with laude fauour coūtenaunce voyce all other signes And so finally they laboured by al maner of meanes for an other myscheuous vice cruell crime to defende the same as if it had ben in defence of theyr owne honor worshyp honeste But on the other part were a fewe other whiche set more by iustice honeste than by false goten riches these counselled to socour Adherbal sharply to punisshe reuēge the death of Hiēpsall But amonge al other of this opinion was one named Emilius Scaurus a man of noble byrth redy to disturbe euery busynes debatfull besye desirous of power of authorite of honour of riches but crafty in cloking of these his fautes After this Emiliꝰ Scaurꝰ sawe his gyueng of brybes of Iugurth so shamfully openly knowne he fered lest the corrupcion of the Senatours and head rulers of Rome might ingendre enuie debate and slaughter betwene them and the commons lyke as in suche cases often had fortuned in tymes before Wherefore in this consideracion he refrained his mynde at this tyme from his accostumed vnlawful lustes Neuertheles among the Senatours in this counsell the worste parte preuayled and that part which set more by fauour and rewardes then by right and equitie ouercame the other part whiche labored to sustaine the ryght without any fauour or parcialitie And so the fauorers of Iugurthe optayned their purpose and hys crueltie had no punyshement Neuertheles it was concluded and decreed that .x. embassadours shuld be sente into Numidie to deuide the kingdome which longed to Micipsa betwene Iugurth and Adherbal The principal of this ambassad was one named Lucius Opimus a man of noble fame of greate authoritie and power amonge the Senatours in those daies what tyme Caius Gracchus and Marcus Fuluius great fauorers of the cōmens were slaine of the noble men of Rome for the same cause After victorie of the noble men againste the cōmons the same two princes this L. Opimus enraged greuously with rigorous sharpe inquisicions examinacions against the pore comontie and was one of the chiefe oppressors of them What time this L. Opimus with his companie was come to Numidye Iugurth deuouringe all thinges whiche they maye ouercome But this omittinge I wyll now brefelye declare what maner people firste of all inhabited this coūtrey of Affrike what people thither resorted to inhabite nexte after thē And how the same peoples wer mingled togyder Howe be it that whiche I shall write is moche diuers from the commen fame and opinion of many men neuerthelesse I shall folowe the bokes writen in Affrike langage which as it is sayd belonged to the yong prince Hiempsall whome Iugurth murdred of the same bokes I shall folowe the true interpretacion in this mater and lyke as the inhabitauntes of the same countrey affirme to be true But touchynge the very credence of the truthe of the mater I reporte that to the authours ¶ The first people which inhabited the countrey of Affrike weere named Getulians and Libians a people harde sharpe and vnmanerd These lyued of fleshe of wylde beastes and fedde vpon the grounde as beastes vnresonable And were not ruled by any maners but lyued without lordes or lawes as vagabundes rouers They had no certayne bydinge place but wher as the night toke thē ther they rested for the time But after that Hercules died in Hispain as the Affricans say his armye whiche was assembled of dyuers nations whan their captayne and heede was lost dispersed thē abrode anone after his deth and came to dyuers places of the world to seke theyr fortune wher they might optaine any habitacion or lordshyppe Of whiche company the Medeans Perseans and Armenians arriued wyth their shyppes in that coost of Affrike whiche was nerest to the empire of Rome and longe tyme after occupied those costes But the Persians inhabited thē self more inward in the cuntrei toward the ocean sea in stede of houses thei turned their ships botoms vpward dwelled vnder the same And no marueil for in that cuntrei about thē grew no timber nor other stuffe mete for building nor of the Spaniards which inhabited next to thē might they nether bie nor borowe For the sea was so gret tēpesteous betwen thē their lāgages so diuers vnknowen to either people that by these .ij. īpedimentes they wer letted frō the cours of marchādise or exchanges betwen thē These Persiēs by mean of mariages by lytle litle mīgled the Getuliās with thē bicause thei proued oftētimes the cōmoditie of their groūd fildes by often cōmutaciōs changings one with other at last thei named thē selfe Numidiās that is to say herdmē diuided And to this presēt day the cotages or tylmens houses be made long with croked sides or couerturs bowing īward as if thei wer belies of ships trāsuersed or turned vp set downe Touching the Medeās Armeniens thei ioyned thē self with the Libiēs For the Medeans and Armeniens dwelled before

namely bycause the place is called the Phylen auters me thynketh it requisyte to declare the cause of that denominacion For this place of our hystorie so requireth ¶ What tyme the Carthaginēses had in possession and wer lordes ouer the moost part of Affryke at the same season the Cirenenses also were great and famous of name and abundant of welth riches Than betwene the costes of these two cities was a great and large feld all ouer spred with sande without diuision perticion or difference But bytwene them was neyther flod nor mountayne whiche myght discerne the boundes and marches of bothe their coostes whiche thyng caused cōtinuall and longe warre often and great batayls bytwene bothe parties But after that manye armies on both sydes were ouercome slayne or put to flight bothe by land by sea and whan bothe people had somewhat wasted the one the other by spoylyng and murder than began they to perceiue their owne foly on both partes fearing lest some other nacion anone after shuld assaile them both the ouercommers and them that were ouer come when they were wasted and weried wyth batails and brought to extremitie Wherfore this cōsidred they toke truce bytwene them both and to auoide that longe variaunce betwene them they made agremente and couenant that messengers or embassadours of bothe parties shulde depart out of their cities at one certaine day and houre assigned And that same place wher the messengers of both the cities shuld meete together shuld be for euer after taken for the bowndes marches of the contrey of both the nacions and cities without more cōtencion or variance To bryng this apointment to effect and cōclusion forth of the citie of Cyren were chosen .ij. for their parte and send forth at the daye and houre appointed And in lykewyse out of Charthage were sende two brethern named Phelen which swyftely sped them in their iourney But the Cirenenses wente much more slowely whether it so fortuned by negligence or chaunce I know but lytle the truth But this is knowen for certayne that aboute those costes tempeste of wynd wether is wonte to let men and prolonge their iourney in lykewyse as vpon the sea and that for this cause For whan by those euen places wyde and bare without any thyng growyng on them the wynd ryseth and styrreth the small sand from the ground the same sande moued by greate violence of the wynde is wonte to fyll the faces mouthes and eyes of such as passe that waye with dust and sande And thus often by lettyng of their sight their iournay is prolonged hyndred But after whan the Cyrenenses sawe themselfe some what ouer slowe and late in their iourney they fered punishemēt at their retournynge home for their negligēce And blamynge they accused the Carthaginenses obiectyng and saying that they had come forth of their citye before the tyme assigned and thus they troubled al the mater and brake the ordynance But shortly to speke these Cirenenses concluded rather to suffre death and to do any thynge possible than to retourne home again ouercome Wherfore the Carthaginenses desired some other condicion or apointment to be made indifferēt and equal bytwene both the parties The Cirenenses consented therto and put the Carthaginenses in choyse whyther they wolde be quicke buryed in that same place whiche they desired for their marches boūdes or els that the Cirenenses vnder the same condicion shuld procede forward to that place whiche they desyred for their marches and there to be quicke buryed vnder the same maner The .ii. bretherne both named Phelene alowed and graunted the condicion subduyng and abandonyng their bodyes to death for the profet and we le of their contrey and cite of Carthage and so were they buryed quicke Wherfore the Carthaginenses in the same place where they were buryed raysed and halowed .ii. auters in worshyp and remembrance of these two brethern whiche set more by encrese of their contrey than by their owne liues These auters to this present day be called the Phylene auters after the name of the .ii. brethern named Phylenis ther vnder buryed as sayd is for wele of their contrey Also besyde this memorial within the cite of Carthage were many other thyngs ordained to the great honour of thē and remembrance of theyr worthy dede ¶ But now I wyll leaue this matter and returne to my purpose ¶ How Iugurth assembled a new army of the rude Getulians agaynst the Romayns and how he associated to hym Bocchus kynge of the Mauriens to strength hym in batayle agaynst Metellus The .xlvii. Chapter WHan Iugurth had loste the citie of Thala one of the strongest cities of his land as sayd is before then he considered wel that in al his kyngdome was no place stronge ynough to resyst the myght of Metellus Wherfore he hasted hym with a small cōpany through deserts great wyldernesses flying from his owne contrey And at last he came to the land of Getulia which is a maner of people rude wyld and wythout order or maners at that season naught knowing of the preeminent honor fame of the Romain empire Of thys people Iugurth assembled a multitude together and by lytle lytle enduced taughte them by costume exercise to folowe the order of chiualry to kepe araye to insue their standerds to obaye the cōmaundements of their captaines to decerne haue knowledge of the signifiyng of the soundes of trūpettes to obserue al other pointes belōging to warfare chiualry These thinges with other lyke necessary to bataile Iugurthe ceassed not to prepare and ordaine with all diligence ¶ Moreouer he prouoked to hys fauour feloweshyp by great rewardes and much greater promises such as wer most nere frindes to Bocchus kyng of the Mauriens by whose help he hym selfe went to kyng Bocchus desired hym in his quarel with hym to warre ageinst the Romains To which request of Iugurth Bocchus agreed so much the more for as muche as at the first beginninge of the same warre this Bocchus sente vnto Rome embassadours to desire of the Romains amitie and a bond of continuall peace betwene him and them But notwithstanding that this peticion and peace was muche expedient and necessary to the Romains for dyuerse consideracions and namely because of this war Not the lesse it was not graunted by me me of a fewe such as at Rome blynded with auarice wer wont to sel for money euery thinge both honest dishonest Also before this time the doughter of Iugurth was spoused to the sayd Bocchus But this bond of friendshyp or affinitie amonge the Numidiens Mauriens is reputed but of lytel or none effecte because they are wont euery mā to haue diuers mani wiues according to their substance riches Some .x. and some mo after as they ar of abilitie or power to meinteine But the kinges because they are of most power substance therfore they haue mo than other Thus is their