the_o first_o be_v call_v sphaenopharingians_n they_o derive_v their_o origine_fw-la from_o within_o the_o sharp_a apophysis_n of_o the_o os_fw-mi sphaenoide_v and_o be_v oblique_o insert_v in_o the_o side_n of_o the_o pharinx_n which_o they_o open_v by_o draw_v it_o upward_o the_o second_o be_v the_o stilopharingians_n they_o arise_v from_o the_o extremity_n of_o the_o apophysis_n stiloide_v of_o the_o bone_n of_o the_o temple_n and_o be_v insert_v into_o the_o side_n of_o the_o pharinx_n which_o they_o dilate_v by_o draw_v its_o side_n to_o the_o right_n and_o left_a hand_n the_o three_o be_v the_o cephalopharingians_n they_o derive_v their_o origine_fw-la from_o the_o articulation_n of_o the_o head_n with_o the_o first_o vertebra_n and_o spread_v their_o fibre_n into_o the_o substance_n of_o the_o pharinx_n which_o they_o shut_v by_o the_o shorten_n of_o their_o fibre_n moreover_o the_o oesophagus_n extend_v its_o self_n in_o a_o straight_a line_n from_o the_o pharinx_n to_o the_o stomach_n it_o be_v compose_v of_o three_o coat_n which_o may_v be_v call_v the_o inner_a the_o middle_a and_o the_o outer_a coat_n the_o inner_a be_v make_v up_o of_o nothing_o but_o tendinous_a fibre_n diverse_o interlace_v the_o middle_n be_v make_v up_o of_o carneous_a fibres_n of_o which_o they_o reckon_v two_o order_n both_o in_o man_n and_o in_o other_o animal_n in_o man_n the_o fibre_n of_o the_o first_o order_n reach_v alongst_o from_o the_o pharinx_n to_o the_o stomach_n for_o which_o cause_n they_o be_v name_v longitudinal_n fibres_n and_o those_o of_o the_o second_o order_n be_v like_a to_o so_o many_o little_a circle_n which_o do_v encircle_v the_o oesophagus_n above_o which_o the_o longitudinal_n be_v place_v they_o be_v call_v circular_a in_o animal_n which_o eat_v with_o the_o head_n downward_o they_o have_v another_o position_n the_o two_o order_n of_o fibres_n go_v spiral_o round_a about_o the_o oesophagus_fw-la and_o for_o as_o much_o as_o the_o one_o go_v from_o the_o right_n to_o the_o left_a whilst_o the_o other_o pass_v from_o the_o left_a to_o the_o right_n they_o do_v in_o many_o place_n pass_v one_o above_o another_o there_o be_v somewhat_o singular_a in_o this_o pass_n to_o wit_n that_o the_o fibre_n which_o pass_v in_o one_o place_n above_o other_o do_v go_v under_o they_o at_o the_o next_o rencontre_n at_o the_o second_o they_o ascend_v above_o and_o in_o fine_a they_o pass_v again_o under_o they_o the_o outer_a coat_n be_v compose_v of_o tendinous_a fibres_n more_o subtle_a and_o slender_a than_o those_o of_o the_o inner_a the_o inner_a and_o outer_a coat_n serve_v for_o tendon_n to_o the_o middle_n so_o that_o we_o may_v consider_v the_o oesophagus_fw-la as_o a_o muscle_n who_o inner_a coat_n be_v the_o head_n the_o middle_a the_o belly_n and_o the_o outer_a coat_n the_o tail_n so_o that_o in_o man_n the_o oesophagus_n be_v shorten_v by_o the_o swell_a of_o the_o longitudinal_n fibres_fw-fr and_o it_o be_v straighten_a by_o the_o shorten_n of_o the_o circular_a they_o call_v that_o shorten_n and_o this_o contraction_n of_o the_o oesophagus_n its_o peristaltique_a motion_n in_o beast_n the_o shorten_n and_o contraction_n of_o the_o oesophagus_n be_v much_o great_a than_o in_o man_n for_o that_o the_o musculous_a fibre_n descend_v spiral_o and_o do_v cross_a one_o another_o for_o when_o they_o swell_v and_o by_o consequent_a be_v shorten_v while_o they_o thereby_o shorten_v the_o oesophagus_n they_o make_v its_o cavity_n less_o because_o by_o their_o action_n they_o wreath_n it_o this_o peristaltic_a motion_n be_v make_v to_o the_o end_n that_o what_o have_v once_o past_a the_o pharinx_n may_v not_o stop_v in_o the_o cavity_n of_o the_o oesophagus_n so_o that_o we_o may_v well_o affirm_v that_o the_o oesophagus_n be_v frame_v after_o this_o manner_n to_o thrust_v the_o meat_n forward_o by_o its_o peristaltic_a motion_n even_o into_o the_o stomach_n in_o beast_n the_o peristaltic_a motion_n of_o the_o oesophagus_n straiten_n its_o cavity_n much_o more_o than_o in_o man_n for_o that_o they_o eat_v ordinary_o with_o their_o head_n downward_o there_o be_v therefore_o more_o force_n needful_a to_o make_v the_o meat_n ascend_v through_o the_o oesophagus_n that_o it_o may_v go_v into_o the_o stomach_n in_o fine_a this_o peristaltic_a motion_n be_v call_v vermicular_a because_o the_o oesophagus_n move_v as_o worm_n do_v by_o straighten_n and_o shorten_v its_o self_n in_o one_o place_n and_o swell_v in_o another_o which_o be_v continue_v from_o one_o of_o its_o end_n even_o to_o the_o other_o by_o undulation_n the_o cause_n of_o this_o may_v be_v that_o the_o filament_n of_o the_o nerve_n do_v enter_v oblique_o into_o the_o tendinous_a fibre_n of_o the_o coat_n for_o as_o soon_o as_o the_o animal_n spirit_n be_v enter_v into_o one_o fiber_n they_o will_v be_v shut_v up_o by_o blow_v up_o the_o end_n of_o the_o nervous_a filament_n from_o whence_o they_o come_v and_o so_o shut_v the_o door_n upon_o other_o they_o will_v hinder_v more_o from_o flow_v in_o till_o the_o fibres_n be_v restore_v to_o their_o former_a estate_n by_o the_o force_n of_o their_o spring_n and_o in_o as_o much_o as_o the_o longitudinal_n fibres_fw-fr be_v all_o of_o a_o piece_n and_o the_o circular_a one_o communicate_v all_o together_o by_o the_o small_a tendinous_a fibres_n the_o animal_n spirit_n pass_v far_o into_o the_o longitudinal_n and_o run_v into_o the_o neighbour_n circular_a one_o they_o will_v produce_v there_o the_o same_o effect_n which_o they_o have_v do_v in_o the_o former_a so_o that_o continue_v to_o run_v thus_o from_o the_o one_o end_n of_o the_o oesophagus_n to_o the_o other_o they_o will_v produce_v a_o vermicular_a or_o undulate_a motion_n by_o which_o one_o place_n become_v more_o straighten_a and_o shorten_v then_o be_v restore_v into_o its_o former_a estate_n while_o this_o straighten_n and_o shorten_n descend_v far_a and_o so_o of_o the_o rest_n the_o ten_o discourse_n of_o the_o stomach_n and_o of_o chylification_n the_o oesophagus_n be_v insert_v into_o a_o kind_n of_o bag_n make_v almost_o like_o a_o bagpipe_n and_o this_o they_o call_v the_o stomach_n it_o be_v short_a and_o open_a at_o both_o end_n the_o place_n where_o the_o oesophagus_n join_v it_o be_v on_o the_o left_a side_n they_o call_v it_o the_o upper_a orifice_n of_o the_o stomach_n and_o the_o other_o place_n where_o it_o be_v open_a which_o be_v on_o the_o right_n be_v call_v the_o pylorus_n the_o inner_a coat_n of_o the_o oesophagus_n lie_v within_o close_o about_o the_o upper_a orifice_n for_o the_o space_n of_o three_o inch_n we_o find_v that_o the_o stomach_n be_v make_v up_o of_o three_o coat_n the_o outer_a and_o inner_a be_v weave_v of_o tendinous_a fibres_n and_o the_o middle_n be_v make_v of_o carneous_a fibres_n all_o between_o the_o inner_a tunicle_n and_o the_o middle_n be_v replenish_v with_o small_a vesicular_a glandule_n their_o excretory_a vessel_n pierce_v the_o inner_a tunicle_n &_o form_n in_o its_o cavity_n a_o small_a down_o for_o which_o they_o call_v it_o the_o velvet_n tunicle_n when_o we_o examine_v the_o composition_n of_o the_o middle_a coat_n we_o find_v ordinary_o three_o order_n of_o fibres_n in_o beast_n and_o two_o in_o men._n the_o first_o be_v nothing_o but_o the_o continuation_n of_o the_o longitudinal_n fibres_fw-fr of_o the_o oesophagus_n which_o extend_v themselves_o from_o the_o upper_a orifice_n of_o the_o stomach_n even_o to_o the_o pylorus_n and_o the_o other_o be_v nothing_o but_o the_o continuation_n of_o the_o circular_a fibres_fw-fr of_o the_o oesophagus_n which_o be_v cut_v by_o the_o longitudinal_n at_o right_a angle_n thus_o it_o be_v that_o they_o be_v in_o man_n in_o dog_n cat_n etc._n etc._n beside_o these_o two_o order_n of_o longitudinal_n and_o circular_a fibres_n there_o be_v two_o handful_n of_o fibres_n extreme_o close_a which_o extend_v themselves_o to_o the_o right_n and_o leave_v above_o the_o stomach_n from_o its_o upper_a orifice_n even_o to_o the_o pilorus_n they_o be_v nothing_o but_o the_o spiral_n fibres_n of_o the_o oesophagus_n which_o be_v separate_v into_o two_o handful_n at_o the_o upper_a orifice_n and_o part_v the_o one_o from_o the_o other_o they_o pass_v alongst_o above_o the_o stomach_n and_o be_v reunite_v at_o the_o pylorus_n all_o these_o different_a order_n of_o fibres_n be_v make_v to_o produce_v a_o peristaltic_a motion_n in_o the_o stomach_n it_o be_v by_o the_o mean_n of_o this_o motion_n that_o the_o aliment_n which_o enter_v into_o the_o stomach_n by_o its_o upper_a orifice_n be_v send_v out_o by_o the_o pylorus_n morover_n the_o stomach_n receive_v artery_n from_o the_o caeliack_n send_v vein_n to_o the_o splenick_n and_o to_o the_o vena_fw-la porta_n the_o parvagum_fw-la do_v furnish_v it_o two_o branch_n of_o nerve_n considerable_a enough_o and_o many_o nervous_a filament_n come_v from_o the_o mesenterical_a plexus_fw-la and_o in_o
fine_a it_o give_v rise_v to_o some_o lymphatic_a vessel_n which_o go_v into_o the_o reservatory_n of_o the_o chyle_n there_o will_v be_v nothing_o more_o to_o be_v say_v of_o the_o stomach_n if_o we_o do_v not_o observe_v that_o the_o aliment_n contract_v a_o considerable_a change_n during_o the_o stay_n they_o make_v there_o in_o effect_v it_o be_v observe_v that_o they_o become_v liquid_a and_o of_o a_o whitish_a colour_n this_o liquor_n be_v call_v the_o chyle_n and_o the_o action_n that_o produce_v it_o be_v name_v chylification_n to_o begin_v to_o examine_v the_o nature_n of_o chylification_n i_o observe_v that_o it_o produce_v fluidity_n in_o the_o aliment_n which_o be_v solid_a we_o have_v learn_v in_o the_o physics_n that_o fluidity_n consist_v in_o the_o division_n and_o various_a motion_n of_o the_o particle_n of_o fluid_a body_n so_o that_o by_o chylification_n the_o part_n of_o the_o aliment_n must_v be_v separate_v from_o one_o another_o and_o diverse_o move_v this_o separation_n of_o the_o part_n of_o the_o aliment_n can_v be_v do_v but_o by_o bruise_v or_o by_o fermentation_n we_o know_v nothing_o in_o the_o stomach_n that_o can_v so_o perfect_o break_v and_o grind_v the_o aliment_n as_o be_v needful_a to_o change_v they_o into_o chyle_n we_o must_v conclude_v then_o that_o this_o separation_n of_o the_o part_n of_o the_o aliment_n be_v make_v by_o fermentation_n we_o have_v remark_v in_o our_o discourse_n of_o the_o element_n of_o the_o live_a body_n that_o fermentation_n be_v not_o make_v but_o by_o the_o mixture_n of_o two_o body_n of_o a_o different_a nature_n and_o that_o it_o be_v do_v for_o the_o most_o part_n by_o the_o mixture_n of_o acid_n and_o alcaly_n nevertheless_o since_o alcaly_n be_v needful_a to_o dissolve_v sulphur_n phlegme_n to_o dissolve_v salt_n and_o acid_v to_o dissolve_v alcaly_n we_o can_v affirm_v that_o the_o ferment_n which_o by_o its_o mixture_n make_v the_o dissolution_n of_o the_o aliment_n in_o the_o stomach_n be_v only_o a_o acid_n a_o alcali_n or_o a_o phlemge_n see_v by_o chylification_n both_o salt_n sulphur_n and_o alcalies_n be_v dissolve_v but_o the_o ferment_n must_v be_v compose_v of_o principle_n capable_a of_o make_v a_o fermentation_n which_o dissolve_v sulphur_n alcalies_n and_o salt_n and_o since_o we_o have_v establish_v that_o alcaly_n dissolve_v sulphur_n acids_n alcaly_n and_o phlegme_n salt_n we_o must_v of_o necessity_n conclude_v that_o the_o ferment_n of_o chylification_n be_v a_o composure_n of_o acid_n alcali_n and_o phlegm_n if_o the_o ferment_n of_o the_o stomach_n be_v such_o as_o soon_o as_o the_o element_n shall_v begin_v to_o mingle_v with_o it_o its_o acid_n will_v act_v upon_o their_o alcaly_n and_o by_o the_o fermentation_n which_o they_o shall_v excite_v with_o they_o will_v begin_v to_o dissolve_v the_o whole_a mass_n of_o the_o aliment_n the_o alcaly_n of_o the_o ferment_n come_v afterward_o to_o pass_v among_o the_o sulphureous_a part_n of_o the_o aliment_n will_v keep_v they_o separate_v from_o one_o another_o and_o in_o fine_a the_o phlegme_n after_o have_v dissolve_v the_o salt_n will_v find_v place_n among_o all_o the_o part_n of_o the_o aliment_n who_o union_n will_v be_v break_v by_o the_o action_n of_o the_o acid_n and_o alcaly_n some_o difficulty_n may_v be_v raise_v upon_o what_o we_o have_v say_v that_o the_o ferment_n of_o the_o stomach_n be_v compose_v of_o acid_n and_o alcali_n for_o that_o these_o two_o principle_n can_v subsist_v together_o without_o a_o fermentation_n which_o will_v change_v they_o immediate_o into_o salt_n but_o if_o we_o consider_v that_o certain_a acid_n may_v have_v their_o angle_n very_o point_v and_o the_o side_n of_o thess_n angle_n very_o slender_a and_o that_o the_o pore_n of_o a_o alcali_n may_v be_v large_a enough_o to_o let_v the_o aetherial_a matter_n pass_v through_o though_o a_o angle_n of_o these_o acid_n be_v thrust_v in_o there_o we_o will_v easy_o comprehend_v after_o what_o manner_n a_o acid_n may_v be_v mingle_v with_o a_o alcalie_a without_o exciting_a fermentation_n and_o without_o unite_n close_o with_o it_o for_o in_o this_o case_n there_o will_v be_v interval_n large_a enough_o between_o the_o concavity_n of_o the_o pore_n of_o the_o alcaly_n and_o the_o side_n of_o the_o point_n of_o the_o acid_n which_o be_v place_v there_o to_o give_v passage_n to_o the_o matter_n which_o flow_v through_o their_o pore_n and_o since_o it_o be_v the_o obstacle_n which_o this_o aetherial_a matter_n meet_v with_o in_o its_o passage_n which_o make_v it_o separate_v the_o part_n of_o body_n it_o be_v clear_a that_o it_o need_v not_o here_o produce_v any_o fermentation_n when_o therefore_o the_o aliment_n descend_v into_o the_o stomach_n by_o their_o weight_n the_o press_n the_o small_a glandule_n which_o be_v place_v between_o its_o inner_a and_o middle_a coat_n since_o they_o be_v nothing_o but_o little_a vesicles_n so_o soon_o as_o they_o be_v press_v they_o empty_v themselves_o and_o distil_v into_o the_o cavity_n of_o the_o stomach_n a_o sufficient_a dew_n of_o ferment_n which_o mingle_v with_o what_o be_v find_v there_o ferment_n it_o dissolve_v it_o and_o make_v it_o liquid_a that_o which_o be_v liquify_v get_v above_o and_o obey_v the_o peristaltique_a motion_n of_o the_o stomach_n go_v out_o by_o the_o pylorus_n so_o long_o as_o this_o fermentation_n last_v there_o go_v away_o always_o somewhat_o of_o this_o sort_n and_o when_o it_o be_v finish_v the_o animal_n must_v eat_v or_o he_o be_v expose_v to_o hunger_n which_o proceed_v from_o this_o that_o the_o ferment_n be_v altogether_o pure_a in_o the_o stomach_n it_o fret_v the_o inward_a tunicle_n the_o ferment_n of_o the_o aliment_n do_v never_o entire_o dissolve_v the_o part_n there_o be_v always_o some_o of_o they_o which_o escape_v it_o this_o be_v the_o cause_n that_o the_o chyle_n be_v not_o to_o be_v meet_v with_o at_o the_o go_v out_o of_o the_o stomach_n and_o that_o it_o be_v mingle_v with_o many_o gross_a and_o useless_a part_n it_o be_v for_o this_o reason_n that_o nature_n have_v make_v the_o chyle_n to_o pass_v through_o a_o long_a pipe_n of_o intestin_n in_o which_o it_o be_v mingle_v in_o divers_a place_n with_o different_a liquor_n which_o serve_v to_o separate_v what_o be_v good_a from_o what_o may_v be_v hurtful_a to_o the_o conservation_n of_o the_o live_a body_n the_o eleven_o discourse_n of_o the_o intestine_n the_o chyle_n in_o go_v out_o of_o the_o stomach_n pass_v into_o a_o conduit_n join_v to_o the_o pylorus_n which_o be_v call_v the_o gut_n or_o intestine_n this_o conduit_n make_v many_o circumvolution_n and_o in_o fine_a after_o have_v make_v many_o wind_n terminate_v in_o the_o fundament_n they_o divide_v they_o into_o six_o part_n to_o which_o they_o give_v different_a name_n the_o first_o which_o they_o call_v the_o duodenum_fw-la begin_v at_o the_o pylorus_n and_o end_n at_o a_o place_n where_o a_o yellowish_a and_o oleous_a liquor_n be_v discharge_v into_o the_o cavity_n of_o the_o intestine_n it_o be_v ordinary_o replenish_v with_o the_o chyle_n such_o as_o it_o come_v from_o the_o stomach_n the_o second_o which_o be_v usual_o find_v almost_o empty_a be_v call_v intestinum_fw-la jejunum_n it_o begin_v at_o the_o end_n of_o the_o duodenum_fw-la and_o end_n at_o the_o place_n where_o we_o begin_v to_o find_v excrement_n they_o give_v it_o the_o length_n of_o ten_o or_o twelve_o palm_n the_o three_o be_v call_v the_o ilium_n it_o begin_v at_o the_o end_n of_o the_o jejunum_n and_o end_n at_o the_o small_a end_n of_o a_o gut_n which_o be_v fasten_v unto_o the_o cavity_n of_o the_o rest_n like_o the_o bottom_n of_o a_o sack_n hitherto_o the_o intestine_n be_v very_o delicate_a and_o their_o cavity_n small_a enough_o and_o it_o be_v for_o this_o they_o be_v call_v the_o small_a intestine_n the_o four_o be_v call_v the_o caecum_fw-la which_o be_v the_o small_a end_n of_o a_o gut_n fasten_v to_o the_o rest_n of_o which_o we_o have_v make_v mention_n the_o five_o be_v call_v the_o colum._n it_o begin_v at_o the_o caecum_fw-la and_o make_v a_o great_a circuit_n about_o the_o other_o gut_n we_o find_v at_o its_o entry_n a_o membranous_a fold_n whis_fw-la be_v so_o frame_v that_o it_o permit_v the_o excrement_n to_o pass_v easy_o from_o the_o ilium_n to_o the_o colum_n but_o do_v not_o suffer_v they_o to_o pass_v without_o difficulty_n from_o the_o colum_fw-la to_o the_o ilium_n the_o cavity_n of_o the_o colum_n be_v all_o divide_v into_o little_a cell_n and_o it_o end_v at_o the_o place_n where_o the_o rest_n of_o the_o gut_n go_v straight_o to_o the_o fundament_n this_o make_v the_o six_o intestine_a which_o be_v call_v rectum_fw-la the_o caecum_fw-la the_o colum_n and_o the_o rectum_fw-la be_v call_v the_o great_a intestine_n because_o their_o coat_n be_v strong_a and_o grosser_n than_o those_o of_o
fibre_n be_v not_o blow_v up_o but_o by_o they_o it_o be_v clear_a that_o if_o their_o course_n beâ—â—_n interrupt_v that_o they_o can_v flow_v into_o their_o cavity_n they_o can_v dilate_v they_o experience_n confirm_v this_o in_o that_o if_o you_o cut_v or_o tie_v a_o nerve_n with_o a_o thread_n the_o muscle_n which_o receive_v branch_n from_o it_o become_v flaccid_a and_o do_v what_o you_o will_v its_o fibre_n do_v not_o swell_v the_o second_o thing_n needful_a for_o the_o blow_v up_o of_o the_o fibre_n be_v the_o free_a course_n of_o the_o blood_n through_o the_o artery_n and_o vein_n of_o the_o muscle_n for_o since_o the_o tendinous_a fibre_n can_v be_v dilate_v without_o straighten_v the_o artery_n and_o vein_n and_o the_o artery_n and_o vein_n can_v be_v straighten_a without_o void_v the_o blood_n that_o fill_v they_o it_o be_v visible_a that_o if_o the_o blood_n stop_v there_o it_o will_v hinder_v the_o tendinous_a fibres_fw-fr from_o be_v blow_v up_o this_o be_v so_o true_a that_o if_o you_o take_v a_o live_a animal_n and_o tie_v the_o aorta_fw-mi four_o finger_n below_o the_o heart_n it_o become_v paralytic_a from_o the_o ligature_n even_o to_o the_o extremity_n of_o the_o foot_n when_o the_o fibre_n of_o a_o muscle_n be_v blow_v up_o by_o the_o animal_n spirit_n there_o be_v two_o power_n which_o concur_v to_o restore_v they_o to_o their_o first_o estate_n the_o first_o be_v the_o spring_n which_o these_o fibre_n make_v for_o since_o their_o pore_n acquire_v a_o disposition_n by_o their_o be_v blow_v up_o the_o aetherial_a matter_n which_o do_v incessant_o pass_v through_o they_o make_v a_o effort_n to_o restore_v they_o to_o their_o former_a estate_n the_o second_o be_v the_o effort_n of_o the_o arterial_a blood_n which_o be_v pouss_v by_o the_o heart_n with_o vigour_n blow_v up_o again_o the_o artery_n and_o vein_n and_o at_o the_o same_o time_n straitn_v the_o tendinous_a fibres_fw-fr and_o as_o the_o artery_n empty_v themselves_o of_o blood_n when_o 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its_o opposite_a motion_n so_o there_o be_v not_o almost_o any_o muscle_n which_o have_v not_o its_o opposite_a muscle_n these_o muscle_n which_o serve_v thus_o to_o make_v opposite_a motion_n be_v call_v antagonist_n it_o be_v to_o be_v observe_v as_o to_o the_o antagonist_n muscle_n that_o when_o the_o one_o be_v shorten_v the_o other_o be_v extend_v for_o since_o their_o action_n be_v opposite_a and_o that_o that_o of_o the_o one_o can_v subsist_v at_o the_o same_o time_n with_o that_o of_o the_o other_o the_o shorten_n of_o the_o muscle_n which_o act_n must_v needs_o produce_v the_o extend_v of_o its_o antagonist_n but_o for_o that_o the_o shorten_n of_o one_o muscle_n draw_v the_o fibre_n of_o its_o antagonist_n beyond_o their_o ordinary_a length_n they_o must_v needs_o spring_v back_o it_o be_v for_o this_o reason_n that_o the_o action_n of_o one_o muscle_n which_o have_v be_v lengthen_v by_o the_o contract_n of_o its_o antagonist_n be_v do_v with_o ease_n enough_o for_o the_o tendinous_a fibre_n can_v be_v easy_o contract_v again_o however_o they_o have_v be_v lengthen_v though_o there_o be_v few_o animal_n spirit_n which_o flow_v into_o their_o cavity_n because_o the_o force_n of_o the_o spirit_n be_v augment_v by_o that_o of_o the_o spunginess_n of_o the_o fiber_n the_o six_o discourse_n of_o the_o cartilage_n bone_n and_o membrane_n we_o find_v in_o the_o body_n of_o a_o animal_n many_o part_n which_o seem_v to_o partake_v of_o the_o nature_n of_o a_o bone_n and_o of_o the_o nature_n of_o tendon_n in_o that_o they_o be_v not_o altogether_o so_o hard_o as_o the_o former_a and_o be_v less_o soft_a than_o the_o other_o they_o call_v they_o cartilage_n the_o first_o thing_n which_o make_v i_o conjecture_v that_o cartilage_n be_v nothing_o but_o a_o composure_n of_o tendinous_a fibre_n which_o be_v harden_v by_o be_v replenish_v with_o volatile_a alcaly_n be_v that_o there_o be_v no_o cartilege_n in_o which_o many_o tendinous_a fibre_n be_v not_o lose_v that_o which_o make_v my_o conjecture_n probable_a be_v that_o we_o see_v by_o the_o eye_n that_o the_o substance_n of_o the_o cartilage_n be_v nothing_o but_o a_o heap_n of_o fibres_n and_o that_o which_o put_v the_o thing_n out_o of_o doubt_n be_v that_o in_o young_a animal_n many_o part_n which_o be_v tendinous_a become_v at_o length_n cartilaginous_a and_o that_o we_o observe_v frequent_o in_o old_a animal_n that_o certain_a tendon_n be_v change_v into_o cartilage_n as_o tendon_n be_v change_v at_o length_n into_o cartilage_n the_o cartilage_n be_v likewise_o change_v into_o bone_n if_o therefore_o we_o have_v conclude_v the_o cartilage_n be_v nothing_o but_o a_o composure_n of_o tendinous_a fibres_n for_o that_o the_o tendon_n be_v sometime_o change_v into_o cartilage_n we_o be_v oblige_v by_o the_o same_o reason_n to_o judge_v that_o bone_n be_v nothing_o but_o a_o composure_n of_o tendinous_a fibres_n which_o after_o have_v be_v harden_v to_o become_v cartilage_n be_v afterward_o so_o far_o harden_v as_o to_o make_v bone_n the_o observation_n which_o be_v make_v upon_o the_o bone_n of_o foetus_n do_v demonstrate_v this_o truth_n to_o the_o eye_n in_o effect_n we_o observe_v there_o a_o great_a many_o tendinous_a fibres_n and_o particular_o in_o the_o scull_n it_o appear_v in_o the_o beginning_n as_o if_o it_o be_v nothing_o but_o a_o membrane_n compose_v of_o tendinous_a fibres_n it_o become_v afterward_o cartilaginous_a and_o in_o fine_a be_v change_v entire_o into_o bone_n after_o which_o it_o can_v be_v doubt_v but_o that_o bones_o be_v a_o heap_n of_o tendinous_a fibres_n which_o be_v harden_v after_o such_o a_o manner_n that_o they_o acquire_v the_o firmness_n of_o bone_n tendinous_a fibres_n be_v harden_v by_o be_v replenish_v at_o length_n with_o volatile_a alcaly_n the_o fibre_n of_o the_o nerve_n do_v shed_v into_o their_o cavity_n animal_n spirit_n that_o which_o be_v more_o subtle_a of_o they_o escape_v by_o the_o pore_n and_o the_o grosser_n remains_o so_o that_o at_o first_o these_o fibre_n be_v fill_v with_o volatile_a alcaly_n and_o volatile_a sulphur_n whilst_o there_o be_v sulphur_n there_o they_o appear_v under_o the_o form_n of_o a_o cartilege_n but_o when_o the_o sulphur_n be_v consume_v whether_o by_o nourish_v the_o fibre_n or_o by_o escape_v through_o the_o pore_n or_o in_o split_v themselves_o they_o appear_v under_o the_o form_n of_o bone_n from_o hence_o it_o come_v that_o there_o be_v no_o part_n in_o the_o whole_a body_n of_o a_o animal_n from_o whence_o we_o extract_v so_o much_o of_o volatile_a caly_n as_o from_o bone_n in_o fine_a we_o remark_n that_o bone_n be_v all_o cover_v over_o with_o a_o membrane_n which_o they_o call_v the_o periostium_fw-la this_o membrane_n be_v so_o strong_o fasten_v to_o the_o bone_n that_o in_o certain_a place_n it_o be_v impossible_a to_o separate_v it_o but_o by_o cut_v or_o rent_v of_o it_o when_o we_o do_v examine_v it_o narrow_o we_o find_v three_o sort_n of_o part_n which_o enter_v into_o its_o composition_n to_o wit_n a_o great_a many_o tendinous_a fibres_n many_o branch_n of_o nerve_n and_o some_o artery_n and_o vein_n so_o that_o after_o we_o have_v due_o consider_v all_o we_o find_v that_o the_o periostium_fw-la be_v nothing_o else_o but_o a_o web_n of_o tendinous_a fibre_n of_o the_o bone_n nerve_n vein_n and_o artery_n and_o because_o all_o the_o other_o membrane_n have_v communication_n with_o the_o bone_n and_o with_o the_o tendon_n of_o muscle_n and_o for_o that_o they_o have_v tendinous_a fibres_fw-fr nerve_n artery_n and_o vein_n we_o judge_v that_o all_o the_o membrane_n which_o be_v observe_v in_o a_o live_a body_n be_v nothing_o but_o a_o texture_n of_o tendinous_a fibres_n artery_n vein_n and_o nerve_n the_o seven_o discourse_n of_o the_o lymphatic_a vessel_n and_o of_o the_o lympha_fw-la it_o be_v find_v
carneous_a fibres_n of_o these_o they_o reckon_v three_o order_n the_o first_o be_v of_o some_o great_a fibres_n couch_v on_o the_o forepart_n of_o the_o bladder_n which_o come_v in_o a_o straight_a line_n from_o its_o bottom_n even_o to_o its_o neck_n the_o second_o be_v of_o fibres_n which_o do_v enwrap_v the_o bladder_n circular_o they_o may_v be_v call_v circular_a fibres_n and_o the_o three_o couch_v under_o the_o circular_a be_v of_o fibres_n which_o cross_v the_o former_a oblique_o go_v from_o the_o left_a to_o the_o right_a hand_n from_o the_o bottom_n of_o the_o bladder_n even_o to_o its_o neck_n we_o shall_v call_v they_o transverse_a fibres_n in_o fine_a the_o inner_a tunicle_n be_v compose_v of_o tendinous_a fibres_n of_o such_o a_o texture_n as_o have_v not_o be_v yet_o discover_v when_o the_o bladder_n be_v not_o blow_v up_o it_o be_v all_o wrinkle_a and_o within_o it_o be_v always_o cover_v with_o a_o mucilage_n at_o the_o neck_n of_o the_o bladder_n there_o be_v a_o muscle_n make_v of_o strong_a and_o circular_a fibres_n it_o be_v a_o sphincter_n which_o keep_v it_o always_o shut_v from_o all_o this_o we_o may_v conclude_v that_o the_o bladder_n be_v a_o concave_a muscle_n who_o outer_a and_o inner_a tunicle_n be_v tendon_n and_o the_o middle_a tunicle_n the_o belly_n the_o insertion_n of_o the_o ureter_n into_o the_o bladder_n show_v evident_o enough_o that_o its_o use_n be_v to_o be_v the_o reservatory_n of_o the_o urine_n and_o that_o all_o we_o have_v remark_v in_o its_o frame_n tend_v to_o no_o other_o end_n but_o to_o keep_v the_o urine_n in_o its_o cavity_n and_o to_o thrust_v it_o forth_o when_o it_o be_v therewith_o fill_v i_o say_v that_o the_o bladder_n be_v the_o reservatory_n of_o the_o urine_n for_o that_o the_o ureter_n be_v insert_v into_o its_o cavity_n after_o such_o a_o manner_n as_o that_o the_o urine_n can_v easy_o enter_v there_o but_o can_v return_v again_o into_o the_o ureter_n they_o creep_v for_o some_o space_n between_o the_o outter_n and_o middle_a tunicle_n afterward_o they_o pierce_v the_o middle_a tunicle_n and_o creep_v a_o little_a far_o between_o it_o and_o the_o inner_a which_o they_o pierce_v towards_o the_o neck_n of_o the_o bladder_n so_o the_o urine_n can_v pass_v without_o much_o difficulty_n from_o the_o ureter_n into_o the_o bladder_n but_o as_o the_o bladder_n swell_v by_o the_o abundance_n of_o urine_n it_o straitten_n the_o end_n of_o the_o ureter_n which_o creep_v among_o its_o tunicle_n so_o that_o the_o urine_n in_o the_o bladder_n can_v enter_v there_o the_o sphincter_n of_o the_o bladder_n be_v the_o cause_n that_o the_o urine_n make_v some_o stay_n in_o its_o cavity_n and_o least_o in_o stay_v there_o its_o salt_n shall_v prick_v the_o inner_a tunicle_n nature_n have_v convey_v thither_o the_o mucilage_n which_o anoint_v it_o on_o all_o side_n the_o longitudinal_n fibres_n shorten_v the_o body_n of_o the_o bladder_n when_o the_o animal_n spirit_n do_v contract_v they_o the_o circular_a and_o the_o transverse_n do_v by_o their_o action_n straitten_v it_o so_o when_o the_o fibre_n be_v fill_v with_o spirit_n the_o bladder_n be_v lessen_v in_o all_o respect_n and_o if_o then_o there_o be_v urine_n in_o its_o cavity_n it_o make_v its_o passage_n maugre_o the_o resistance_n of_o the_o sphincter_n and_o get_v out_o of_o the_o body_n by_o a_o small_a pipe_n which_o they_o call_v the_o vrethra_n this_o pipe_n be_v nothing_o but_o the_o continuation_n of_o the_o inner_a tunicle_n of_o the_o bladder_n in_o woman_n its_o open_n be_v in_o the_o pudendum_fw-la and_o in_o man_n it_o extend_v its_o self_n into_o the_o body_n of_o the_o wand_n and_o terminate_v in_o the_o end_n of_o the_o balanus_n by_o all_o that_o have_v be_v say_v we_o see_v that_o the_o reins_o the_o ureter_n the_o bladder_n and_o the_o vrethra_n have_v be_v make_v to_o separate_v the_o urine_n from_o the_o blood_n and_o to_o convey_v it_o out_o of_o the_o body_n not_o only_o as_o useless_a but_o even_o as_o hurtful_a to_o the_o maintain_n of_o the_o animal_n oeconomie_n to_o understand_v these_o truth_n aright_o it_o be_v to_o be_v observe_v that_o the_o urine_n be_v almost_o compose_v of_o nothing_o but_o phlegm_n and_o volatile_a salt_n have_v but_o very_o little_a of_o sulphur_n earth_n and_o fix_v salt_n the_o nitrous_a spirit_n which_o mingle_v with_o the_o blood_n in_o the_o lung_n be_v compose_v of_o acid_n and_o alcaly_n its_o acid_n come_v to_o join_v with_o the_o alcaly_n of_o the_o blood_n do_v make_v a_o salt_n and_o for_o that_o the_o most_o part_n of_o the_o alcaline_a part_n of_o the_o blood_n be_v volatile_a the_o salt_n which_o be_v make_v of_o they_o be_v also_o volatile_a these_o volatile_a salt_n may_v diminish_v the_o natural_a fermentation_n of_o the_o blood_n and_o stop_v its_o course_n to_o prevent_v this_o mischief_n the_o author_n of_o nature_n have_v place_v the_o reins_o into_o the_o body_n of_o animal_n which_o do_v separate_v these_o saline_n part_n from_o the_o mass_n of_o the_o blood_n and_o for_o that_o also_o a_o too_o great_a abundance_n of_o phlegm_n will_v make_v the_o blood_n too_o slow_a and_o hinder_v the_o spirit_n from_o act_v the_o reins_o do_v not_o only_o separate_v the_o salt_n but_o also_o the_o phlegm_n which_o be_v the_o two_o principle_n who_o too_o great_a abundance_n will_v be_v capable_a of_o chock_v the_o ordinary_a fermentation_n of_o the_o humour_n upon_o which_o the_o life_n of_o animal_n depend_v moreover_o it_o be_v remark_v that_o when_o the_o urine_n abound_v in_o alcaly_n that_o be_v to_o say_v when_o its_o salt_n be_v not_o strong_o charge_v with_o acid_n it_o be_v thick_a and_o trouble_a and_o when_o it_o have_v a_o deal_n of_o acid_n that_o be_v when_o its_o salt_n be_v well_o furnish_v with_o they_o it_o be_v more_o clear_a and_o transparent_a and_o when_o there_o be_v much_o salt_n in_o a_o little_a phlegm_n the_o urine_n be_v of_o a_o red_a colour_n and_o when_o there_o be_v much_o phlegm_n and_o little_a salt_n it_o be_v clear_a and_o be_v very_o near_o unto_o the_o ordinary_a colour_n of_o water_n there_o be_v remark_v in_o the_o urine_n a_o little_a cloud_n which_o be_v form_v of_o some_o part_n of_o the_o mucilage_n which_o we_o have_v say_v be_v in_o the_o bladder_n the_o salt_n of_o the_o urine_n detatch_v they_o by_o little_a and_o little_a and_o carry_v they_o along_o with_o they_o this_o cloud_n appear_v when_o the_o urine_n begin_v to_o cool_v because_o the_o coolness_n do_v condense_a it_o and_o by_o this_o mean_a render_v it_o more_o visible_a finis_fw-la