But I shall term it the noble Ventricle of the Marrow This is most solid most pure most subtile but least of all for it containes a matter of geater force and faculty then the rest as Galen saies And because after a straight even progress it is widened on each side and sharpened afterwards into a point because of this shape t is called Calamus Scriptorius the Writing Pen or Quil Now from the Cerebellum or Brainlet which is joyned to this Marrow another and middle half of this Ventricle is constituted as it were a cover so that all this Cavity is between the brainlet and Medulla oblongata or production of the Marrow but the cheif Cavity is the lowermost which is in the Marrow The Use of this Ventricle I hold to be this viz. that it should be the place where Animal spirits are Generated and Elaborated For this Ventricle is 1. The most pure and subtile 2. It hath a Cavity sufficient for that purpose 3. It is seated in such a place that it can poure forth Animal spirits into all the Nerves round about it And therefore Herophilus did rightly judg that this was the most principal Ventricle Nor can I devise how it came to pass that certain learned Men could not see these weighty Arguments who have written without cause that I assigned the Generation of Animal Spirits to the Calamus Scriptorius without any reasons moving me thereto Now must we think with Spigelius that this Ventricle did only result by consequence out of the round particles of the Brain touching one another without any design of Nature for Nature doth nothing to no end no not when she seems most of all to do so Others conceive that the Animal Spirit is bred in the fore Ventricles of the Brain But they are full of Excrements whose receptacles they rather are as appears by the Glandula Pituitaria unto them and in that they are often found filled with Flegm and abundance of water Others in the Rete Mirabile others in the Plexus Choroides But in these we hold the Animal Spirit is prepared but not Generated For nature is wont to provide intertwinings of Vessels for the preparation of any matter and seeing these Vessels are so smal how can it be generated in them especially seeing so many Excrements of the brain flow through the Ventricles Others will have them to be wrought in the substance of the brain Others in the lengthened body of the spinal Marrow But the Generation of so subtile a Spirit did require some Cavity which is also allowed to the Generation of the vital Spirits For which cause some have been induced to allot the making of the natural spirit to be in the right Vencle of the Heart because there is no Cavity in the Liver I am therefore of opinion that the Animal Spirit is prepared in the Rete Mirable and yet more in the Plexus Choroides and that is generated and wrought up in this Cavity of the Medulla Elongata or in the noble Ventricle and afterward as much of it as not derived into the spinal Marrow and the Nerves of the brain is preserved and retained in the whole brain as in a Store-house The Use of the lengthened and spinal Marrow is to be the original of all the Nerves For from that part thereof within the Skull those Nerves arise which are commonly attributed to the Brain being usually reckoned to be seven pair But from the longest part thereof which is in the Back-bone Anatomists do reckon thirty pair of Nerves to arise viz. as many as there are holes in the Vertebrae Mean while we must not so understand the matter as though only so many branches or Cords did thence arise For every Nerve arise with many little strings or Fibres which going out at the hole of any Vertebra are there joyned together by the Membranes as if the Nerve came out of one branch Chap. V. Of the Cerebellum Brainlet Or Petty-Brain THe Brainlet being as it were a little and private kind of Brain is a certain smaller portion placed under the Brain in the lower and after-part of the Occiput or Minder-Head In Brutes it takes up commonly the whole Region of the Occiput It hath the same Substance Consistency Colour Motion c. with the Brain In the Turnings and Windings it differs from the Brain The brain hath sundry Circumvolutions with out any Method or Order the Brainlet hath circular and ordinate ones stretched one over another like Plates They are differenced partly by interposed Vessels partly by the pia mater which being separated the several Circles may be taken out after another The inner Substance is various whiteish and Ash-coloured which distributed certain Vessels as it were The Vessels interposed betwixt the several plates are carried through the pia mater like nets which according to the accurate Observation of Francis Sylvins arising from the Branches of the Arteria cervicalis do at last end into the fourth Ventricle It is constituted chiefly of two lateral parts on each side making a Globe as it were It hath two Processes or Excrescences termed Vermiformis or Worm-like because they are variously orbiculated and consist of many transverse portions coupled with a thin Membrane Their Extremity being thin and convex is as big as a small â—aâ—e And they are situate at the seat of the noble Cavity one before the other behind About the hinder-part of the Trunk of the Spinal Marrow in the Circumference of the noble Ventricle out of the same brainlet there proceed two other globous processes somtimes two of each side somtimes three Those are greatest which are seated by the Vermiformis the rest are smaller Varolius calls it the bridg of the brainlet The Use of all the Processes is to hinder the noble Ventricle from being obstructed by pressure of the brainlet Laurentius saies they help the motion of the Ventricles like a Valve because the Vermiformis being shortned opens the way which goes from the third to the fourth Ventricle when it is extended it shuts the Chink least the Spirits should go back into the upper Cavities Riolanus dissents but little from him for he will have it to open and shut the entrance of the fourth Ventricle But it is not moved of it self because as the brain so is it void of any proper motion unless you assign it to the Vessels or pia Mater which are very small or at least to the neighbouring Animal Spirits Now I believe the use of the bridg is to combine and keep in compass the Circles of the brain and as a bulwark to defend the noble Ventricle And therfore it would more properly be called a Sconce or Fence then a bridg The Use of the brainlet is the same with that of the brain But Galen would have it to be the Original of the hard Nerves which is false For no Nerves have their Original from it Chap. VI. Of the
of business to impose such Names as these as also when they call the Glandula pinealis Penis and a certain long ditch between the Eminences they term Vulva Between the fore-more Ventricles so called and the Seat of the Testudo there is the Plexus Choroidis or Reticularis so called being a contexture of very smal Veins and Arteries sent partly from the Arteries partly from the Vessels of the dura Mater in the fourth Ventricle There is a glandulous substance interwoven within this Plexus and a portion of the pia Mater The Plexus Choroides being truly glandulous does receive a little branch of the Carotick artery which pierces into the lower part of the brain which ends about the Glandula pinealis where it branches up and down through the lower Surface of the Ventricle The Use hereof is the same with that of the Rete mirabile At the beginning of that hole which passes from the middle Ventricle into the noble Ventricle there is placed a certain Glandule or Kernel termed Pinealia the Pine-kernel Glandule because it is fashioned like the Kernel of a Pine-apple The Greeks call it conarion or somâ— conoâ—ides some term it the Yard of the brain It is of an hard substance of a yellowish and somtimes dark colour and is covered with a thin Membrane In Creatures newly kil'd t is large in old karcasses being melted it is scarce apparent or is very small as also in men whose brains cannot be opened whil'st they are warm And therefore they say it spends like Camphire exposed to the air being also partly melted as Salt is in a moist place According to the Observation of Sylvius a nervous little string does fasten this Kernel as it stands betwixt the Testes Who also observed more then once certain granes of sand in this Kernel and somtimes also a little stone as big as the fourth part of a pease and somwhat round The Use of this Pine-kernel is like that of other kernels and especially to help the distribution of Vessels through the brain Some will have it placed like a Valve before the hole which passes into the fourth Ventricle Des Cartes and his Followers Meyssonerius Regius Hogelandius do conceive that this Kernel being placed in the middle of the Ventricles which when a man is awake are distended with Spirits perpetually does 1. Receive the motions of all Objects 2. That the Soul in this part done by these motions does apprehend all external sensible Objects and all the Ideas proceeding from the five Senses as in a Centre and discern the same and does afterward by help thereof send Spirits into all parts as in a smal Sphaerical glass all things are received in the same order in which they are either in a Field or Chamber For this cause Meyssonerius will have it to be of a conick Figure because Individuals require more space then sorts or kinds of things And that these Idea's are diversly moved by the motion of the animal spirit but are alwaies found joyned by the Verb EST and according to their equality or inequality truth or falshood is compounded being compared together like two Lines And that for this cause Infants do not presently speak nor reason because the slappiness of their brain gives not passage to the Idea's And that the overgreat and confused motion of these Idea's in the Pine-shap'd kernel makes ravenings as in persons drunk phrentick c. But many things there are which will not suffer me to embrace this new and witty Opinion For 1. It is too small and obscure a body to be able to represent clearly the Species of all things 2. The Species of all Senses do not come hither because the Nerves do not touch the Kernel 3. It is placed in the Quarter of Excrements whether they are purged out by the third and two foremore Ventricles where the Species or Representations of things would be defiled 4. The Species of things are perceived rather there whereto they are carried But every sensory Nerve each in its place carries the Species to the beginning of the spinal Marrow and therefore each in their place are judged and received by the Soul in the beginning of the spinal Marrow Moreover this Marrow is big enough globous hard and of a brighter colour 5. Several Idea's would be confounded in this little body The Eye indeed being likewise very small receives the Species or Representations of things without Consusion but they are only the visible Species whereas in this Kernel the divers Species of different Senses are to be received 6. There is hence no open or known passage to the Nerves as from the beginning of the Marrow nor any communion with some Nerves of the external senses The Use of the Cavities or Ventricles of the brain is to be the Receptacles of Excrements which is apparent 1. From their Structure for an hole goes from the Cavities to the Glandula pituitaria 2. The Surface of the Ventricles is continually moistned with a watry Humor 3. They are often found topful of flegm and watry moisture Howbeit in this new Section after the neck of the funnel is shewed with the Glandula the Marrow being lifted up first of all the Nates and the Testes are seen and then the hole into the noble Ventricle afterwards divers Nerves the Ventricles of the brain with the hole into the funnel the Corpus callosum the Fornix the Plexus Choroides and the Glandula pinealis But in the old and common way of Dissection these parts of the brain are shewed in order The Corpus callosum the Septum tenue the two Extuberances upon which the Ventricles rest the two Ventricles commonly called the foremore the Fornix the Plexus Choroidis the third Ventricle it s two holes the Glandula pinealis and the brainlet being a little removed the Nates and Testes the brainlet the worm-fashion'd Processes the noble Ventricle the Pelvis Glandula pituitaria and Rete mirabile But if you will use the middle way of Dissection familiar to Fr. Sylvius thus you shall proceed Take off the Skull as deep as conveniently you can Then suffering the left side of the brain to remain untoucht with its Membrane begin your Dissection on the right side first of all cutting asunder and removing the dura Mater then take away some particles of the brain with the pia Mater til you come to the Cavity of the Ventricle and then follow both its upper and lower passage with your Dissection as you see it done in the second Table Separate the Limbus if you please with a blunt probe from the root of the Spinal Marrow and shew it though that may be more conveniently done in the opposite side of the Brain The greatest part of the right side of the Brain being thus taken away the upper and lower Cavities of the Sickle are to be shewn as also the greater right side lateral Cavity and the oblique descend
is moved That it is only one kinde of blood It is not moved up and down in the Vessels like boiled water But it is moved oâ—e of one part into another Which motion perfectly to understanâ— the motion of the Chylus must be sought into That meat which is first eaten hath the first place in the Stomach The Stomach closely embraces the same It is moistned with the moisture of the Stomach It is cut and minced by an acid humour Which comes from the spleer Afterward it is changed into Cream Tom. seâ— 3. â— sâ—â—nt â—â—tâ—r How soon or late it is concoctèd and distributed All at once or by piecemeal Being digested it is distributed into the Guts and milky Veins See the Figure of the milky Veins pag. 563. Not through the Meseraick veins Alwaies white By one Continued passage of the milky veins Not to the Spleen But to the Liver Gut of the Liver into the Vena Cava Out of the Vena cava into the heart Out of the right Ventricle of the Heart into Vena arteriosa But not through the Sepâ—â—â—â— interâ—…tium or partition of the Heart Oâ—â— of the Vena arteriosa into the Arteria venosa and the left Ventricle of the Heart But not through the foramen ovale And thence into the Heart the Arteria aorta and the rest of small Arteries Out of the Arteries the Blood by commen mouths Known to the Ancients Goes into the Veins As the store of Blood sent into the parts doth shâ—â— The pressing a Vein below the orifice in Blood-letting The Ligature of a vein in living Anatomies Dissection of a Vein in living Creatures The emptying of the Veins appearing in the Skin But the Blood doth not come out of the greater Veins into the lesser Sevulsory Blood-letting doth not argue it Nor the Arms falling away occasioned by a Ligature Nor the Varices But it flows â—â—â— of the smaller vessels into the Vena cava Out of the Vena cava to the Heart again Yea that Blood which hath already past the Heart Because the Meat affords not so much Blood as the Heart passeth through Viz. about half an ounce at every pulse So that the Blood 〈◊〉 circularly Which motion of the Blood was not unknown to the Ancients To Hippocrates in Foëtins Ediâ—â—on pag. 344. pag. 277. pag. 229. To Diogiâ—â—â— Apolloniata To Plato To Aristotle But in this Age found out â—…sh by Paulus Servita Publish'd in Print by William Harvey Now this motion is made through all the Arteries and Veins of the Body Yea of the Head Yea in the Child in the Womb. It goes out of the Arteries into the Veins By Anastomoses And through the Flesh And that motion of the Blood Is continual Quick So that the whole Circuit or round is performed in less than a quarter of an hour Nor do the Fits of Agues argue any other Nor the Exacerbations of Feavers This motion is also vehement Not of like vehemence in the Arteries and Veins Yet the same Quickness in both Yet of greater quickness when the Heart beats One portion of blood doth not allwayes go the same way The Vital Spirits are moved with the Blood The Animal Spirits motion through the Nerves cannot be observed But the motion of the Chylus easily through the milkie Veins What kind of motion that iâ— The Cause of the Bloods motion Is not an iâ—bâ—â—â— power thereof Nor is the blood carried by the Spirits Nor is it voided by reason of rarâ—faction only Put it is drive by the Vena cava into the Earlâ—t Out of it into the Heart Yet is it drawn also The cause of the motion into the left Ventricle is the same Aâ—d happens in both places at one moment The Blood is driven out of the Heart into the Arteries when the Heart is contracted The Cause of the Constriction of the Heart Which is performed by help of the fibres The Heart after its Constriction returns to its Natural state And then it is dilated The Blood is driven out of the greater into the lesser Arteries Yet it is drawn withall Not necessarily by dilatation of the Artery Nor doth Galens experiment shew any other thing Yet Galen hath certain tokens that the dilatation of the Arteries helps their motion De usu puls cap. 5. An sanguis in Art c. 8. But the impulse i here caused only by the Hart. Out of the Arteries into the Veins out of the smaller Veins into the greater It is driven By every Particle of the Vein And drawn So also by Pulsion the Chyle is moved out of the Stomach Through the Guts By the milkie Veins And also drawn Why not through the mesaraick Veins The motion of the blood serves for the utility of the parts And that it may be preserved And to perfect the Blood The blood which is carried to nourish the part is not moved circularly Nor is there any other motion of the Blood whereby the Valves of the Heart are shut Nor in Passionâ— of the Mind Yet there is another praeternatural motion thereof The occasion of this second Letter Answer to the Objections That in Blood letting the Vein does swest at the binding Not through Pain Not by straining the Vein But because the motion of the Blood is stopped Nor doe the Arteries swel because of the Ligature But the Veins swel also with two Ligatures and wherefore Why in blood-letting they unbind the Arm when the blood does not run apace Why much blood may be taken away And more out of the Arm then out of the Hand Why it flows out of a wounded Arterie not bound The Ligature being loosed the blood stops and sometimes it runs and why But is stopped by holding the finger in the Vein below the Orifice Also when the Vein is cut asunder in the middle and wherefore No parts receive Blood by the veins excepting the liver How and why the venal blood differs from the arterial How menstrual Blood is collected about the womb How they are carried out of the Womb into the Head How it comes that the Humors passing through the Heart do not cause great Inconveniences The Objections against circumstances Nothing hinders but that half an ounce of Blood may be forced out of the Heart at every pulse Nothing hinders but that the Blood may be circularly moved in the child in the Womb. A sign that it is so indeed Though there be Anastomoses of the Veins arteries yet Tumors may arise Not by Rarifaction But by constriction of the heart the blood is driven in the Arteries Not in the dilatation though sometimes blood go out therein And being driven by all parts of the Veins it returns to the Heart By this motion the Veins and Arteries may be nourished And the blood ventilitated better
Vertebra which is proper to this part and common to no other internal part under the Channel bones because according to the Conjecture of the renowned Hofman it was not to lie open to external wounds or Blowes least we should be masters of our own Life or Death But instruments of death are every where obvious which the Love of Life and Fear of God hinders us from makeing use of Now they are carried through the Cavity of the Chest and are propped up by the mediastinum Other Anatomists have observed other Nervs passing that way from beneath proceeding from the costal and stomachick Branches And because the Nervs of the Diaphragma or Midriff are in their passage mingled with certain little twigs which are spread abroad into the muscles of the Jaws and Lips hence when the Diaphragma is smitten there arises a kind of Laughter which is no real Laughter but a counterfeit one such as they call Risus Sardonius the Sardonian Laughter because the muscles of the Face suffering a Convulsion at the same time and the Jaws and Lips being moved this way and that way the partie seems to laugh Such was the laughter of Thycenis in Hippocrates and of Agnerus in our Countryman Sarco his relations who was cut asunder in the middle with a sharp sword also of that man in Aristotle whose Midriff being in the fight pierced with a Dart made him die laughing Pliny relates as much of other Fencers and Homer tells us that Juno laught with her Lips when her Forehead scowled Galen makes the Cause of the Sardonian Laughter to be in the Musculus latus quadratus the broad square Muscle But it reaches not to the Lips Laurentinus Politianus makes the spirits to be the cause of this Convulsion which because of the sense they have of some troublesome thing run back to the upper parts Mancinius will have the Heart to be widened and the face drawn into the posture of laughing by the hear which is raised by tickling and wounds because he will have the Heart to be the seat of Laughter in defence of Aristotle whom Physitians have confuted Riolanus has sometimes observed laughter to arise in the guelding of a man which was the forerunner of a deadly Convulsion for which cause he condemns our reason drawn from the Nerves not giving us in the mean time any better reason viz. why laughter should arise upon the wounding or hurting the nerves of the Midriff and Privities and not when any other nerves are wounded It s Use is 1 To help free Respiration for violent respiration is assisted by the muscles of the Chest the former Respiration Galen â—erms gentle or small which depends only upon the Midriff the other strong the intercostal muscles assisting thereto a third sublime where the Diaphragma intercostal or rib between muscles and muscles of the Chest do act all together Birds indeed though they breathe have no Midriff but their breathing which is light and scarse perceptible because of the lightness of their bodies is performed by their Lungs and Chest Contrariwise Fishes which breathe not have a Midriff but membranous to seperate one Belly from another In the greater sort of Sea fishes of the whaley kind I have observed a fleshy Midriff like that of Creatures which live on the Land Now the motion thereof is thus when the Breath is drawn in the Midriff is stretched when it is blowne out it is remitted or slackned contrary to the Opinion of Arantius and Laurentius Of whom the latter will have the Midriff contrary to all other muscles to draw towards its end and he will have the fibres which run out from the Circumference of the Chest to be equally contracted and the ribs to be drawn to the nervous Circle and so to cause respiration But how can the membranous Centre of the Septum draw the ribs to its self and contract the whole Chest unless haply because it is fastned to the Mediastinum But I have observed more then once in dissections of living Bodies that the Midriff is stretched out when the Creature draws in its Breath For the Guts are driven downwards by the Midriff when the Breath is blown out and they ascend again when the Breath is drawn in which also any man without Anatomical Section may perceive in himself by laying his Hand upon his Belly In Wounds of the Diaphragma the Guts and Stomach when the Breath is drawn in ascend into the Chest which Paraeus twice observed which differs only according to more or less from the naturall course of breathing Now the motion of the Midriff ought to be such because the Chest when the Breath is drawn in must be widened to receive and contain the Air and swoln Lungs and contrarywise when the Air is breathed out the Chest ought to be straitned because then the sooty vapours are expelled and the Lungs flag and become small again and therefore in the former case the Midriff is lifted up and in the latter depressed Jo. Walaeus besides that motion whereby the fleshy part gives way inwardly has observed another motion in the Diaphragma during the drawing in of the breath whereby the fleshy part thereof being contracted into it self comes to have folds in it so that one portion of the fleshy part is placed upon another and he observed that this folding is chiefly about the Appendices or Appurtenances and when the breath is strongly drawn in and he conceivs that by this means the Midriff is the more shortened and the Chest by the lifting up of the Ribs more widened II. To assist the muscles of the belly in their compression when they would force out the Excrements and the Child in the womb for from above it thrusts the Guts downwards Hence according to the Observation of Platerus when the belly is costive Sneezing and Coughing do help because thereby the Midriff and Dung conteined in the Guts are driven downwards because of the Strugling of the said Midriff and its bearing down the Excrements of the belly and Urine come away of themselves in live Anatomies and in such as are put to death by hanging III. To distinguish the lower belly with the natural parts from the middle belly with its vital parts least from the Ignoble parts frequent vapours should ascend to the parts more noble as the Heart c. IV. According to Hippocrates it is the Fan of the lower belly which fannes and cooles the Hypocondria or parts under the snort ribs V. Others suppose it causes natural respiration because it depends not upon our will and pleasure and moves when we are asleep and never so much as think of it and by help thereof Men in Apoplexies do for a season breathe But Piccolhomineus does more rightly assign a voluntary motion thereunto howbeit only when some necessity constrains as in easing of the belly pissing and fetching of breath because it is a Muscle of a nature by it self but not a motion absolutely or simply
reason or occular inspection will permit It is drawn hot out of the Arteries differing little or nothing from that which is contained either in the Heart or near it In the small Arteries there is indeed no Pulse felt but that is to be imputed to the smalness of the vessels and their distance from the Heart which forces the blood Nor ought it because it enters into the Capillary Vessels that it may nourish the parts with hot Blood not with such as is cooled and thickned before it is changed into the secondary humors And what use is there of rarefaction if it presently settle again The Experiments and Reasons which learned men bring to the contrary from an Eele and an hunting dog from the contraction of the members by Cold from palpitations from spirit of wine resembling the Pulse from vehement protrusion c. are easily answered if you consider 1 That a certain motion is restored even in Hearts that are dead by exciteing their heat as in Muscles 2 The Fault is in the Vessels contracted by Colds not in the Blood when they fall in and flag 3 Palpitations arise from plenty of blood as examples testifie suppression of the Courses and the cure by blood-letting 4 In the Heart there is an even motion different from that which raised by spirit of wine or any thing else 5. The protrusion by pure blood is more vehement if the faculty concur and the Fibres of the Heart be united 6. The Heart is in its Perisystole or very near it when in the point cut off no dilatation is observed if it continue still in the Systole the dilatation is not felt till the Diastole follow The pulsifick Faculty implanted in the Heart must needs be joyned with the blood as the cause of its motion either that it may guide the influx and egress of blood and assist the same which would otherwise proceed disorderly as I explain the matter or that it might of it self produce the motion according to the Opinion of the Ancients which cannot be conserved if the perpetual flux of the blood should be stopped That the Heart stands in need of such a faculty I prove 1. Because the Pulse would be alwaies unequal the influx being unequal unless directed by some Faculty 2. When the Heart in Feavers is more vehemently moved then ordinary through the urgency of heat and in dying persons Nature being at the last pinch and using all her might yet is the motion of the heart weak as appears by the Pulse because the inbred Faculty is either lost or weakned Contrariwise though the said Faculty be strong and the influx of the blood cease or be hindred after large bleedings or by reason of Obstruction of the Vessels either in the whole Habit of the Body or the passages thereof or near the Heart the Motion of the Heart fails And therefore both are to be joyned together as primary Causes 3. Any Particles of the Heart being cut off do pulse by reason of the reliques of this Faculty or Spirit remaining 4. The Heart being taken out of the Body or cut in pieces lightly pricked with a pin does presently pulse as Walaeus hath observed 5. It were contrary to the Majesty of the principal Part to be moved by another whether it will or no without any assistance from itself and so to receive a violent Impression Regius hath substituted the influx of Animal Spirits into the fibres of the Heart instead of Animal Spirits and Hogeland the little petite Atomes of the blood moved in the Parenchyma But we must know in the first place 1. That the motion of the Heart is Natural which lasts perpetually yea against our wills and when we are asleep and not Animal 2. That we exclude not the Spirits which are the Souls Servants and Instruments 3. The small Boddikies or indivisible Particles of the Blood have all dropped out in disâ—ected Hearts because the Vena coronaria was cut asunder And that if any reliques of the said Bodikies did remain they could not be excited to motion either by pricking alone or by raising heat unless a Spirit or Faculty be allowed which being extinguished though the pieces of the Heart be laid in never so hot a place they will never pant Among the Remote Causes there is 1 The vital Spirit as well that which is implanted in the Heart as that which comes thither from without with beat sufficiently manifest in live dissections and which warms the whole Bodie And that either not shineing with light as most will have it or shineing That a lightfull heat of the Heart is requisite in this case many things argue 1 The motion of the Elements is simple never circular and light moves it self and the humors with a circular motion 2 The Heart and the Blood are more quickly moved by light then otherwise they could be which in the twinkleing of an eye dazeles all things illuminates all things 3. There is in all particular parts besides the obscure principles of the Elements also a lightfull part propagated from the seed which ought to be preserved by a like flame kindled from the Heart 4 In Hippocrates to dream of pure and brightly shining starrs signifies Health of Bodie 5 No Homor although hot does pant and move it self unless a burning flame as we see in spirit of wine a Candle and other things 6 In Glow-wormes their hinder-part only pants and shines where their Heart is of whose light I have discoursed in my Second Book of the light of Animals Chap 11 and 12. That the vital spirit is really endued with light and that there is an inbred light in the Blood and Heart which helps forward the circular motion of the blood I have demonstrated in my said Treatise Lib. 7. Cap. 5. 23. Hâ—â—mont consents that the animated spirit in the left Ventricle of the Heart inlightned by the former light is the Mover of the Heart After Caimus and other ancient Authors Ent asserts the same thing touching the flame raised out of the Seed in the first bladder of the Heart raised by the heat of the Hen which hatcheth and first of all shineing forth when the Lungs perform their office yet he errs that in the external widening he begs in the Construction more inwardly he tends to the beginning for in the Systole all that illuminats is expelled and then it is vigorated in a narrow heart which is evident in optick tubes and hollow glasses I ad that in the Diastole of the left Ventricle it sets on fire and kindles by the Systole from the Lungs the vital flame 2. The Shape and Conformation of the Heart and Vessels being exceeding well fitted to receive and expell the blood Especially the fibres of the Heart and the fleshy columns These make not so much for the Strength of the Heart alone as for the motion For all the fibres being contracted greater and lesser in the walls and septum which according to Harvey
cause then that the Veins being straitned by the Blood sliding back or by some other means when the blood cannot by its force make it self way it lifts the Vein up which falls again when that forcible endeavour is abated or the Vein gives a freer passage to the Blood flowing through the same But I do not conceive that the blood which is once carried for examples sake to crural Veins is continually carried the same wayes but that when it is returned to the Heart it is mixt with that blood which comes out of other parts and is so promiscuously distributed to the parts of the Body for so the parts may be the better nourished if they have alwayes new blood out of which they may draw that which may best serve to nourish and strengthen them so Plants do best grow when they are transplanted into new Soils This is the whole Manner of the Bloods motion and also of the motion of the Vital Spirits seeing they are mingled with the Blood I have often endeavoured to search out the motion of the Animal Spirits but I could not eisewhere observe it save in the Muscles which seemed to them to be distended broadwayes and deepwayes and being cut asunder to tremble and pant For the Nerves being bound neither swell nor are they extended and being cut in sunder they shew no other motion save that they contract themselves And it is a very easie matter to bind the Nerves of the sixt pare which freely wander through the Chest But the motion of the Chyle through the milkie Veins is most manifest Now it is not so continual as that of the Blood because there is not alwayes a supply of Chylus And when it wanders out of the Guts through the milkie Veins it goes quicker than the Blood it self and the Veins being bound do swell immediately And therefore they do not long appear in live Anatomies nor are they found in dead Carcasses unless some obstacle do hinder the motion of the Chyle And in that being bound they do not so swell as to grow hard it seems to be a Sign that the motion of the Chyle iâ— not so vehement as that of the Blood peradventure because â—hâ— Chyle is to be moved through a smaller space the â—ike violence of motion was not requisite But it is now time to enquire into the Causes of these motions and first of the motion of the Blood Whatever the Cause is either it must be moved by â—â— inbred vertue of faculty or by some motion which must â—â— referred to carrying drawing or thrusting That the Blood is moved in this manner by its own proper Vertue we cannot observe either from the Blood received in a Basin or shed into the body which that it should be in a moment corrupted is hard to say nor can we see such a spontaneous motion â—â— any inanimate thing And whereas Harvey relates Chap. 4. that when the Earlet was still he observed the motion of the Blood I likewise have observed the same and likewise when the Heart was quiet but withall that motion was imparted to the Blood from the Vena caâ—â— and that in the Heart from the Earlet as we shall see anon That the Blood is here carried by the Spirits cannot by any Argument be proved and they by their lightness should move the Blood upwards which we see here to be moved downwards and sidewayes And therefore it remains that either the blood must be drawn or thrust That the blood is thrust forwards Men of excellent wits do conceive because the Hearts heat immeasurably rarifying the same it requires a greater place and that therefore it dilates and lifts up the Heart and seeing it cannot be contained in the dilated Heart it is poured with such violence into the Vena Anteriosa and the Arteria Aorta that it distends all the Arteries and makes them pulse And they bring this Argument for their Opinion that the Heart of an Eel or any other Animal when it leaves pulsing if it be warmed by Fire held under it it is seen to pulse again But whether may not that pulse happen because the Spirit being by that heat made more lusty can better assist that cause which moves the pulse in the Heart just as when the Guts and Muscles are heated in a live Dissection in which nevertheless there is no ebullition the motion seem to be restored For there is indeed only a certain light Rarifaction proceeding from a certain warmth in the Heart no ebullition or sudden diffusion And truly I have often seen in strong Doâ—s that the Blood doth nâ—â— leap out of the Heart by reason of Rarifaction whâ—â—â— Heart the tip being cut off when through the Efflux of blood it was not half filled being set upright it was nofilled by rarifaction but the Constriction following that portion of blood which was left in the Heart was spirtâ—â— out above four Foot 's distance so that my self and others by me for many were present were bespattered there with whence it is manifest that the blood is driven by the part It is also driven because the blood being so changed is troublesome to the Heart and those parts For if the whole Hearts or the tip thereof living and Dissected or other greater particle be pricked with a Pen-knife or â—â— Pin as often as it is pricked so often it will move it self as by Natural motion though it seem long ago to have lost all motion And that the Blood is driven by the Vena cava into the right Earlet of the Heart I have manifestly seen in the dissection of live Creatures for in all motions of the Heart the first beginning of Motion is sâ— or no because the Cava was knit to the Earlet and the Heart we â—ut-the Heart and the Eaâ—let quite off i◠〈…〉 Dâ—â—s â—â— the Vena 〈…〉 and we observe that 〈…〉 the Vana cava did a very little pulse and at every time did send forth a little Blood And therefore the Vena cava hath certain fleshy fibres for the most part about the Heart which elsewhere you shall not find in the Vena cava but they may be seen very evidently in the Vena cava of a Man an Oâ— a Dog Now the motion of the Vena cava is most evident neer the Heart yet for the most part I have observed it also in live Dogs all along that passage from the Liver and from the Jugulum as far as to the Heart The right Earlet drives that Blood which it receives by a certain tension and constriction into the right Ventricle of the Heart for also in the Earlet the motion or constriction is a little sooner than it is in the Heart And the right Ventricle of the Heart being cut open as far as to the Earlet at every constriction there manifestly appeared somwhat to be droven out of the Earlet into the Heart which also Harvey observes in his
the Heart Aristotles Error Fleshy Pillars in the Ventricles of the Heart Things preternatural found in the Heart A Bone in the Heart The right Ventricle The left Ventricle Manifest Pores in the Septum of the Heart Whether the Blood pass through the partition of the Heart Vessels of the Heart Vena Cava It s treble pointed Valves The Vena Arteriosa why called a Vein Why call'd an Artery It s Original and Progress It s Use The Sigma-fashioned Valves The Arteria venosa why an Arterie Why a vein Whether Air enters into the Heart The Mitre-shap'd Valves The Arteria Magna It s Use Its Valves In the Child in the Womb. The Union of the Vessels of the Heart It s various Uses The use of the little Membrane 'T is shut after the Birth By a Chanel or Pipe Which is dried up It s use The Reason of their Name Their Situation Division Into Lobes Their Figure Their Colour Connexion A certain Cause of long lasting Short-windedness The Substance Membrane The Vessels Why the Lungs â—atâ— so great Vessels See Tab. 4. of Book 2. How Circulation is caused in the Lungs Contrary objections answered Why Ulcers of the Lungs are without pain Whence the motion of the Lungs proceeds Aristotles Error The Opinion of Falcoburgius The motion of the Lungs is proved to arise from the Chest An Observation in live Anatomies It s Use All kind of Air is not a friend to mans Spirit Our heat doth want a Cooler Why Fishes need no Lungs The Lungs of Children in the Womb move not The Wesand Why call'd Trachea or Aspera Arteria Whether any part of our drink doth pass into the Wesand and Lungs It s Situation in Man-kind In a Swan Its Membranes The Voice hurt Why the Wefand is in part Gristly Why in part Ligamental The Use of the Wesand The Larynx It s Situation Number Shape Magnitude How the voice becomes shril or big What the Causes are of a great Voice How the Voice comes to change Its Muscles The Common The Proper The Proper Its Gristles Adams Apple is more bunching out in Men then in Women The Glottis Epiglottis Vessels Kernels Spittle How the Voice is made Sigâ—ing What is properly a Voice The differences of Voices or Speeches Parts of Voice or Speech It s Scituation Its Vessels Connexion When the Gullet is diseased Medicaments are applied to the Back It s Kernels Substance Muscles Whether Swallowing be a Natural or Animal Action Why somtimes solid meats are more easily swallowed then liquid The Neck Why call'd Collum It s Magnitude Its Parts It s Use Why the Head is placed so high It s Figure Greatness Substance Division Calva The Face What creatures have Hair Whether Hair Nails grow of good nutriment The remote matter of Hair Where Hair bâ—eede Why crusted Animals have no hairs Requisites to the Generation of hair Cause of baldness Hairs bred in the womb Use of Hair Why a man hath plenty of hair The Beard adorns Their Form Magnitude Figure The cause of the colour of the hair The cause of grey hairs Why they are soonest grey-hair'd that go with their Heads cover'd Why Men are soonest grey about their temples The Pericraneum Periostium Crassa Meninx The Brain moves The Sickle See Tab. 11. The upper Cavities The third See Tab. II. The lower Cavities See Tab. II. The Use Pia Mater What is properly the Brain The Marrow what How they differ Parts of the Marrow The Head of the Marrow what A new opinion concerning the place where the Animal spirits are made The Magnitude of the Brain Who have most Brains Why the Brain hath windings The winding Clift of the Brain See Tab. 3. The Colour It s temperament Why the substance of the brain is moderately soft There are Veins in the Brain The Use of the Brain Of the brains Motion The Matter of the Animal Spirits A new opinion of the Author touching the use of the Brain and the Marrow The right Dissection of the Head must begin at the lower Part. See the Figure of the Section in the Manual of Nerves The beginning of the Spinal Marrow An Objection The Answer A new Opinion of the Author that the Marrow is the Original of the brain A proof hereof The spinal Marrow divided Another division Another division The Coats of the Marrow A noble Ventricle in the Marrow The cover of the noble Ventricle is from the Brainlet The true place where Animal Spirits are generated according to our Author A Proof The preparation of the Animal Spirits where it is This Marrow the beginning of all Nerves The Brainlet what it is It s Structure See Tab. 4. Fig. 1. The Use Rete mirabile Vesalius his Error Glandula pituitaria It s Seat It s Figure It s Substance It s Use The Brain ful of Excrements Infundibulum The Authors opinion that there is but one Ventricle of the Brain The foremore Ventricle described Corpus Callosum The Conformation of the Ventricles of the Brain Septum lucidum Fornix The third Ventricle The Anus what it is The Nates and Testes Penis Vulva The Plexus Choroidis what Glandula pinealis That the Ventricles of the Brain serve to receive Excrements The order of the parts to be shewn in the new way of Dissection The order of the parts in the old Dissection The order in the middle way of Dissection The Dissection of the right side The Dissection of the left side An excellent Argument for the Circulation of the Blood Why Mens Face is void of Hair Frons why so called It s Skin Muscles The Eyes why called Oculi Their Situation Their Number Their Shape Its Parts The Eye-lids Whether the lower Eye-lid be moved The Membranes The Cilia what The use of the Eye-brow Punctum lachrmyale The use of fat in the Eye The Eye muscles Columbus his Error The first Muscle of the Eye The second The third The fourth The fift The sixt or pulley Muscle A seventh Muscle in Brutes Vessels of the Eye The Nerves The Membranes of the Eyes but three Adnata Tunica It s Use The Seat of the Ophthalmia or Blearey'dness 1. Tunicle of the Eye Cornea 2. Tunicle of the Eye The Pupilla Iris. Ligamentum ciliare The third Coat Aranea Vitrea Humors of the Eyes The watry Humor The watry Humor is no animated part the other Humors are The vitreous of glassie bumor The Chrystalline Names of the parts of the outer Ear. It s Skin It Vessels The Muscles Why few move their Ears The use of the first The use of the second Muscle The use of the third Muscle The use of the fourth The Ear Gristle The Kernels calâ—d Parotides Their Situation The sâ—at of Kings-Evil swellings The External Organ of Hearing The Internal Ear. Tympanum A cause of Deafness A Cause of thickness of Hearing The Cavity of the Drum Muscles of the inner Ear. Why Masticatories help in Diseases of the Ears The Names of the parts of the