of the Balâ—om and Mercury of life and that of Helmont making it an Imparity of one part of the Archeus that thereby is affected with Wrath and Indignation Because they seem altogether enigmatical vain bring more obscurity then light to this dark Subject therefore we leave them both Next follows the Opinion of that Hero in Medicine Sylvius who has placed the Pathognomick signe of a Fever in the Pulse preternaturaly frequent having conjoyned therewith Trouble Pain or the blemish of any function requisite for the felicity and ease of Life The cause whereof which makes to him the Essence of Fevers is either first a too great and Permanent Rarefaction of the Blood made by a violent Heat breaking out of the Effervescence of the Blood Or secondly any Acrimonius Acide Lixivial or Muriatique salt carried thorow the Veins together with the Blood and gnawing the Parenchyma of the Heart or thirdly any flatulent halitous Matter brought with the Blood to the Heart and augmenting the expansion thereof Fourthly any sharp or hard thing in the Pericardium or other wayes externally grating upon the Heart This Great-Man to whom Medicine this day is much indebted as being the first that clearly discovered the Errors and Dilusions of the Schools has also found out a more efficatious and sure practice in many Diseases Yet he there being none able for all things has fallen into some Errors of Theory about his triumvirat Humor and the effervescence of these Humors in the Intestines and Heart and about the motion of the Bile towards the Heart All which subsequent and more acurate anatomical Inspection having found to be otherwayes his Hypothesis of Fevers being established upon these must necessarly fall Yet these that reject this his Theory do imbrace his Practice in the Cure of Fevers In the last place follows the Opinion of Barbet placing a Fever in the circulation of the Blood increased which Opinion since it seems directly contrary to what we think most probable with the confirmation then thereof it will necessarly of it self evanish SECT VII Containing a New and Mechanical Hypothesis of the Essence of Fevers with the cause efficient and occasional of the frequency of the Pulse and that matterial or occasional cause also farther Mechanically traced IT seems very probable that all the Physicians holding the former Opinions have Erred and the Fountain of all their mistakes appears to be that fundamental error as the acurate Bontikoe observes that they took the immediate efficient cause of the motion of the heart to be the blood and that the frequent motion thereof and the Arteries did alwayes depend upon some alteration of that blood but that this must be otherwayes seems plain because the Heart of some Animals being cut out when they are alive and holden in the hand will beat a long time without a drop of Blood So the motion of the Heart seems not to depend on the Blood but on some other cause perhaps on the influx of the animal Spirits proceeding from the Brain by the remainder whereof inviscate in the Heart the motion seems to be continued after the separation thereof from the Body The next fundamental Error and observed likewayes by the same Author seems to be that they esteemed the intension of Heat alwayes to depend on the rapide efflux or circulation of the Blood and that it was both a sign and effect thereof The contracy of which appears by an Inflamation or Tumour where the Member affected is vexed with a great Heat and kind of Fever which is oft times communicate to the whole Body and here it is clear that the Blood is rather stagnant then swiftly moved and the Fever that is communicate from the Inflamation certainly shewing a near resemblance betwixt them perswades that a certain degree of Incrassation from this Fountain of Co-agulation And accompanied also with a frequent Pulse does affect the Blood as the Ignorance then of the concurring occasional cause of that frequency of the Pulse gave rise to all the Errors about this subject so the bringing to Light the true cause thereof will make all these Errors evanish For clearing then of this it is to be considered that the Body of Man being a curious Machine the motion wherewith it is enâ—ueâ— like other Machines as it has an efficient cause so it has a final cause thereof And in respect the final cause is alwayes the reason of placing the efficient cause and that the Idea thereof is still in the mind of the Architeck before the Idea of the efficient This makes the Idea of the efficient to be alwayes shaped subservient to the Idea of the final Cause And must also make the structure of the efficient in the Fabrick of the machine to be moulded to that final Cause likewise instructed qualified Suitable to attain the end of the motion that is to say that it may have a faculty of Intension and Remission to be regulate and moderate according to the exigence and necessity of the final to be productive of the end of its being put there At least in so far as the Contrivance of a Mechanism will go As in a Watch whose Spring is so contrived that it may be Bended or Slackned for attaining the end of its motion And it seems also probable that in every motion in Nature it s only the end that both puts the Efficient and sets it a going and therefore it must be still by that end that the motion must be regulate Hightned or diminished As it is seen when Mariners do exercise the Pump of the Ship it s alwayes with respect to the breaking in of Water at the Leaks Which being in great quantity does excite to frequent and vigorous Pumping to save the Ship Much after the same manner it seemes probable that this motion of the Heart which is nothing but a Pump designed to lay in the alimentitious Juice and so has for its end a proportionable proportional reparation of the functions and parts suitable to their Consumptsion and Waste And that by the sending to them throw the Channels of the Arteries the arterial Blood which is to be dispersed in such quantity and time as may answer to the reparation of their Consumptsion and Waste The Body consisting which seemes to deny it all consistance in a continual Flux and succession of new parts coming in place of the old that are wasted like a River which has nothing Identitious but the Channel And so this final cause would seem to require an efficient whither that be the first Impellent the Archeus or Spirits indued with a capacity and aptitude not only to continue but also to incite and quicken this motion according to the exigence of the final as when the Intervention of any stops or Impediments of the motions of the Blood does Interveen to overcome which its necessarie that the efficient of the motion be bended to Superate these stops and gain t is
Purging in Fevers considered from Reason and Authority page 156 Some practical cautions concerning purging in Fevers page 161 The benefit and season of using Paregoriques in Fevers page 165 The hurt of meer Diaphoretiques in Fevers page 166 The hurt of a method direct to A crisis p. 167 A difficulty takâ—n from the Authors Constitutions answered shewing that this method agrees with all constitutions of years p 168 The further Helpers and Hurters in Fevers considered confirm this Hypothesis as Salts volatile and fixed Alcalin and Testaceous Concrets page 170 The Benefit of Cuppings Leeches and Frictions confirm the same page 174. The Phaenomena of Hutters confirm this Hypothesis as lâ—ing alwayes in the naked Bed page 176. Why Hurtful to ly with the Head too low showen by this Hypothesis page 178. Some other difficulties concerning the Hypothesis answered at first how the Blood gives no signes of that grosness in its passage thorow the Lungs page 179. Where by the way the progress of Sanguification is considered page 180. As also how A pthisis or Consumption is bred with some signes of the approach of this Disease taken out of Mortouns Pthisiologia page 182. The Phaenomena of a Fever in A pthisis confirms this Hypothesis page 184 Another difficulty how this Grosness of the Blood does not rather produce Tumors and Inflammations than Fevers answered page 185. An Appendix of the Statical Doctrine of Sanctorius with the description and use of the weighing Chair page 189. Of the Weight and Nature of insensible Perspiration page 190. Concerning Air and Waters influence thereon page 192. Of the influence Aliements Meat and Drink has thereon page 20â— Of Sleeping and Walking page 203 Of Exercise and Rest. page 205. Of Venery page 207 Of the passions of the mind page 20â— ERRATA Epistle to Physicians page 1. line ult read Heterodoâ—y p. â— l. 24 for that r thâ— p. 4. l. 3. del thâ— p. â— l. 8. for choiching r. choosing p. 16. l. 7. for choicing r. choosing p. 17. l. 10. for samen r. same p. 21 l. 12. del be p. 24. l. 16. for stirring r. steering p. 25. l. r. for enter r. center p. 26. l. 27 del of thâ—se p. 28. l. 11. r. comprehend ibid. l. 24. r. affects p. â—2 l. 25. r. too p. 38 l. 6 r. chioce p. 42 l. r â— r. their p. 48 l. ult r. therefore p. 54 l. 10 r. of p. 61 l. 7 r. subsidiary p. 62 l. 21 r. measures p. 65 l. 17â— one p. 66 l. â— r. thorow for throw all throughout p. 67 l. 19 del to p. 72 l. 25 r. from ratio cination only p. 90 l 3 r. had never p. 103 l. 11. dele proportionable p. 104 l. 5 r its ibid l 9. r. ordinary p. 107 l. penult dele their p. 119 l. 2 for which r. so this p. 131 l. 20 r. of the p. 135 l. 8 r. infirmity p. 140 l. 13. visive p. 143 l. 16 r. it be l. 22. dele a. p. 145 l. 1 r. was near for throw r. all along thorow Epistle to the Physicians pag. 2. lin 9. for Etâ—mology Etiology in the Preface pag. 13. lin 2. for Orâ—simes Orâ—asmâ— pag. 13. lin 12. for Approve r Disâ—pprove pag. â—10 lin 1. for Evacuationly read Evacâ—uâ—â—â—â—â—ly Act of Council AT Edinburgh the Twenty third Day of Iuly 1691 Years anent the Supplication given in to the LORDS of Their MAJESTIES Privy Council be Mr. Andrew Broun Doctor of Medicine Shewing That where the Petitioner has Compyled and Printed a Treatise intituled A Vindicatory Schedule about the New Cure of Fevers he humbly conceaved their Lordships would not deny him the ordinary Priviledge allowed to Authors and Composers of Books And therefore humbly Supplicating the said LORDS would be pleased upon consideration of the Premisses to give anâ— grant sole Priviledge and Licence of the Printing of the foresaid Treatise in whatsomever Language to the Petitioner or his Order for the space of Nineteen Years And to Discharge all Persons from Printing Re-printing or Importing and Vending of any of the saids Books within this Kingdom for the said space without the special Licence of the Petitioner or his Executors or Assigness And that under the pain of Confiscation thereof to his or their behove beside what farther Punishment their Lordships should think fit as the said Petition bears The LORDS of Their MAJESTIES Privy Council having considered the above Petition given in to them be Mr. Andrew Brown Doctor of Medicine They grant the desire thereof Extracted by me DA. MONCRIEF Cles Sti. Concilii A TABLE For explaining the hard words of this Book to the Vulgar Abdomen signifies The paunch or rim of the belly including the skine fat and muscules thereof Attrition A grinding or braying Antecedent cause The cause of a disease immediatly before the nearest cause Capillary vessels As small as hairs Cathartick A purgative Medicine Coagulation Congealing Crisis The sudden termination of a disease Crase The temper of the parts or blood Concatenation A chaining of causes and effects Continent cause The immediat cause of a disease Diaphoresis A breathing out thorow the superfice of the body by sweat or otherwayes Diaphragma The Midrife Endemical disease Which is very common in a place Fibres The small shreds constituting the fleshy or nervous parts Fomes The feuel of a disease Glands Kernels Globuls Little balls such the blood are full of Grumafite The solid parts of the blood that subsides Hemoragies Fluxes of Blood Heterogeneous Another kind Hypothesis A supposition or the plate form of any thing represented Identitions The same Idea The representation of any thing in the mind Inteâ—tines The guts First impellent The first mover in the body Lixivial Belonging to lie made of ashes Maze A labyrinth Muriatique Briny Mesentery The membran keeping the guts together Neotericks New Writers Orgasâ—e A tumult or commotion oesophage The wâ—sane Animaloeconoâ—â—â— the order in government of the animal Paregorick A quieting Medicine Paroxisme A sit of a disease Perspiration The great evacuation continually made throw the pores oâ— the body Pulmonick Belonging to the lungs Pheâ—omeâ—â— Appearances or effects of hidden causes Phlebotomy Bloodletting Regimen The government of the six things called not natural Scabrieity Roughness Scheme A figure or representation of a thing Smegmatique Belonging to soap Spumosity Froâ—hiness Staguation The pooling of running liquor Systole and Diastole Contraction and Dilatation Susceptibility Capacity of receiving impressions Specifie so particularise Specifique Proper Serosity The watery part of the Blood or Humors Tone The fiâ—mness of the parts as to their contracting and dilating Tenuity Thinness Trach-artery The Wind-pipe Vatillant Tottering Viscuous Glewy Venivicle Stomack Veâ—â—section Blood-letting A VINDICATORY SCHEDULE CONTAINING A Disquisition Theoretical and Practical of the New but most Effectual Method of Curing Continual Fevers Invented c. SECT I. Clearing that the infallible Principles of Law Equity and Reason and the necessary consequences thereof applicable to the Physician does both oblige
past remedy And it is indeed from no small mixture of this base Allay in the Opinion of some who using the Physicians help altogether uncapable of Privacy to their Escapes by putting so smal value on their Pains Industry that the aspiring Improvement in this Art is likewayes clog'd But indeed this robbing of Art to enlarge and dignifie Natures Empire over and with all effects may be properly both resembled and confuted by takeing a glance of that grosness which possessed the Indians when they took Ships for great Animals here being nothing but the not comprehending the Artificial Intrigue of their structure the chief cause of their Phoenomena that gave rise to that Mistake and Error So likewise there being many products that to a shallow and overly view althô they bear the Resemblance rather of Nature than Art as a Watch appeared to a certain King of the Indians to be a living Creature when he asked what kind of Food it lived on yet such Products to those having the Eyes of the Mind capable by a more diving sagacious and polished Inquiry to make exact and full survey will impress and display their true Nature This Capacity being the absolute condition to get true Knowlege without mixture of Imposture no wonder then through want thereof that the busie active and restless part of Man which is still judging be precipitat unto Mistakes and Errors in the Dark And indeed this Turkish fixing of Fate in spight of all Endeavours did it ever hinder any to pull his drowning Friend out of the water or a Choaking bone out of his Throat the stop put to Death in his full Carrier and the warding of the most potent and direct Thrusts of Fate being here conspicuous and Diseases being as certain thô more private and hardly stopt Leaks to let in Death at which never makes passages but only enters in at these which Nature has left open when Art fails to observe and close them also seing the facultys of the Mind as well as the Organs of the Body by their natural Strength and Exercise by Application or other Artificial Helps may attain to many degrees of Perspicacity Activity and Perfection beyond what they will be without these or in one Man under the Advantages of these more then in any other without them that the difference especially in sensible things is even Stupenduous Why may not then such Improvement upon the ground of Natural Vigour make the Mind Susceptible of many Impressions giving both Light and Knowledge to espy these private Posterns Death makes use of and also to find the means to stop close them here also be had as certain evidences of warding off death as in the other caise thô as proper only to these having such enduements as the seeing the danger and relief of a drowning Man is proper only to these that are not blind And that Conspiracy frequently entered into against our Lives by Deaths Agents second Causes tho through its depth and cunning it s above the Vulgar sight to discover and capacity to prevent and stop yet as it may be reached by the eye of the sagatious circumspect Medical Politician may also be counteracted by his power and Art And it being also very probable that the Body seeming a curious machine motion is the main ingredient if not the very Essence of our Lives the period whereof consists in a total and permanent stop put thereto and the Integrity of that motion depending on the soundness of the first mover the matter moved and the passages through which motion is made it seems this Machine is as well as others subject to many disorders and as other engines have their particular Arts subservient to their Regulation and Redintegration which by picking out the causes thereof may by convenient instruments and means remove their Stops and help their Disorders why may not Art likewise take place in relation to the distempers of the oeconomie of man were it for no more then to save the Irritancy of a great part of the Creation which seem pregnant with these advantages to Mankind but being rejected for Instruments or Means here seem of little or no use at all And further what great difference both in the Advantage and Pleasure may be perceived betwixt Nature going wild at random and liberty and the same subjected to Artificial Culture and Improvement As may be seen in the difference betwixt wild Fields and well cultivat Gardens yet such as neither perceive nor know Arts Influence here would certainly give the honor of these improvements only to Nature And as Nature furnishes Matter in some cases for Art to work on thô in others Nature furnishes only occasion by its stopps disorders into which it may be brought rather from other causes then any thing within it self And so may not Art be usefull as a Confederate and alley to help and rectify Nature in the Straits and Dâ—sorders of the machine of our Bodies And as in the Regulating and Helping of all other Engynes there may be imployed several degrees of Art and Skill as for example in a most Curious and Ingenious clock the disorders especially such as come by misguiding may some oâ— them be restored by the proper Skill of the owner while for others that are more difficult he must borrow the Advice Help and Instruments of a more Expert Artist yet these that does not know or belive there are any more expert must conclude that the Masters proper Skill and Instruments alwayes does the Fait Why may it not be just so about this machine the keeper master whereof Nature making considerable Efforts and Essays for redentigration of it's disorders but when these are frustraneous then the acceâ—sion of the Skill and Tools of the Expert Physician is seasonable unless it fall out here as likewayes in other Machines it often times fals out that the disorder tending to it's dissolution be in the order of Reparation incurable and so requiring the Capacity and Skill of an yet higher Artist contriver and maker of that Engyne import rather the Creation of a New then the Reparation of the Old one Neither does this so much disparage the skil of the lesser Artist as extol the admirable inimitable Art of the first and cheif Architeck in displaying so much Stupenduous Skill in that curious Contrivance of a piece of work which being maimed in it's substantial and Essential parts and motions is nowayes Redintigrable by minor Artists Now the fruitlesness of Physicians endeavours resolves alwayes in some of these viz. Either in the want of dew administration of such promising helps as the Art does really afford and that either by the fault of the Patients or other assistants This is by an unjust Ignorance Pinned on the Physician And nixt it may depend on the Physicians not discovering and curing what through Art and Industry being perceiveable is also cureable And this does indeed taint him with a certain
end then it must necessarly double its Force and Stroaks Otherwayes every light Impediment or Obstacle which were equivalent to and of equal moment and Force with the moderate and odinare career of the motion of the Blood would put a stop thereto And indeed there is in a River something of a resemblance of this faculty thô from an other kind of efficient yet for the same or the like end For any Impediments put to barr or dam up a River are soon overpoised by the swelling Force of the Water above them till in proportion it overcome the strength of the stop Now if it were otherwise every Impediment equivalent only to the present current of the River either put by Accident or Designe would interrupt their course to the great hurt of Mankind and the blemish of the Worlds fabrick Seing then the returnes of Reparation to the parts and functions ought to be made both in time and quantity in proportion to the waste by the efflux of the Arterial Blood from the Heart as the vehicle and thorow the arterys as the conduites of these recruites When this is done vegetlie integrally without any stop or delay then redounds felicity ease and integrity of the functions and life But when that efflux is retarded or stopt either by reason of the Blood it self or some stopage in the extremities and small channels of the vessels or by reason of immoderate and unusual waste beyond the proportion of the ordinary supply as falls out in immoderate exercise and motion And so I say when by reason of any these causes the heart cannot convey and lay in the desired suppliment in due proportion and timeously by stroaks repeated at the usual intervals then it does by precipitating the stroaks and straiting the intervals of the pulsations endeavour what in it lyes to overcome the slowness of the motion of the Blood to come so near as it can to the due and proportional distribution of nutriment in respect of the waâ—te But if notwithstanding of these sedulous endeavours of the heart by the redoubling of the pulsations that slowness of the Blood shall by a gradual encrease of the thickness and of obstructions in the capillary vessels prove yet so obstinare as still to be augmented then this leads straight to the porch and gate of Death Death being nothing else but a total and permanent cessaâ—ion and defect of this distribution If there remain yet any difficulty to comprehend this Scheme because this incitation of the pulse being only a natural action and proper to the Animal part thus circumstantiate is made too like an effect of Reason and savours too much the acting for an end or of a voluntary motion to be applicable here To answer this reasonable doubt since it is very plain that Nature in the structure of the outward parts of Animals has acted so much Reason and Design as importing clearly that the Idea of their end has regulate their fabrick has also made the structure of all their parts terminate into such a perfection of the Animal that the most rigide survey can find nothing wanting As is most ingeniously displayed by the Honourable and Learned Boyle in his Treatise of the Final Causes of natural things Why should not the same Architect also have instructed the Function and inward parts with faculties to be exerted less or more according to the particular exigence of the Animal But especially that radical and fundamental one of supplying all the rest with sufficient provision and nouâ—ishment that it should be endued with a faculty to accelerate when the nâ—urishment either by its fault or immoderate waste is more then it ought in its Returns delayed Otherwayes every light cause that did retard the accession of reparation or did waste it much beyond the ordinary recruite would soon precipitate the Animal into inevitable ruine And also seing most Animals are endued with swifness beyond their ordinary pace whereby they flee dangers why should they not be endued with the like inward faculty to escape dangers internal that frequently threaten them And indeed all these efforts which we call from Irritation giving a Resemblance of such a faculty as this argue as much reason and acting for an end as this that 's here laid down does For the Impression made in the place being resented in the Brain the Fountain of Sense and motion the Irritation or endeavour to be rid of the offending cause has its effects in the place first invaded or beset and why should not the starving of the parts as much querelous as the surcharge of them is be as well heard and have also its releif so far at their least as motion can help them And there is yet a clearer resemblance of such a natural Action as this to be seen in the Pupil of the Eye which without consent of the will Contracts and delates it self so much as is needful for the comodity of seeing viz. Dilating where there is too little Light to let in more and convey the Species into the Eye and Contracting when there is too much Light and letting in only so much Light as is necessary to Paint the Species in the Eye And althô there is a Phaenomenon and case in Fevers which seems to oppugne this Hipothesis yet it is hoped that the same being duely considered will rather confirm and clear it and the Casâ— is this in some Fevers the Pulse is not altered as to the frequency or Vigour yet these portend great imminent danger which Phaenomenon or slowness of the Pulse comes from this that althô the final Cause of its motion be here craving enough of the acceleration of the Pulse for reparation in proportion to the waste yet it seems the efficient or Impellent of this motion or the first spring thereof that should answer exactly the exegencies of the final Is either stupified attacqued or befettered and so there is no strugle or essay to overcome the Impediments and Supply proportionably the waste And as this case is of all Fevers the most dangerous commonly giving the name of malignant so it brings the oeconomie for the most part soon to dissolution To unfold yet further this paradoxical Hypothesis if any desire to know upon what nearest and immediate cause this slowness of the motion of the arterial blood or delay of Reparation which excites the pulse to acceleration does depend unto this not impertinent inquiry that an apposite answer may be made it is to be adverted that the blood is made up of innumerable little globules swiming in a limpide watery serum As being observed by Loewenhoek with help of the microscop is also delivered and described by him and as it s very probable that these Globules do naturally require to be of such a bulk figure and number and the serosity wherein these swim doth also require to be of such tenuity and quantity as may best facilitate the motion and course of the Blood throw
the small channels and conduites betwixt the Arteries veins In which passage for the most part it depositates its nutritious parts or particles So it is very probable that slowness of the bloods motion to overcome which the heart excites frequent pulses doth for the most part proceed either from the number or magnitude of these Globules augmented or some viâ—iation of their spherical figure as their scabricity and the like Or further thorow the viscidity of the serum into which as a vehicle they swim and are carried And thô from any of these alone this slowness of the blood may clearly proceed yet it is certain that the ingemination and complication of these causes rendring the groseness of the Blood more intense may also render the slowness of its motion more contumacious To conclude then as by this scheme here laid down seemes indeed may be given pretty clearly both a rational discovery a Mechanical solution of the nature phenomena of Fevers so it appears that former explications thereof having raised so many fumy efferveseences and turbid fermentations concerning them could never yet bring the matter to a digested pellucide and defecat conclusion but having clouded the eyes with the mist of â—iry phantasmes still left the mind boiling and working in the tumult of commotion doubt and difficulty SECT VIII Shewing that the Heat in Fevers is the â—ffect of the slow Motion of the Blood And how Heat is made may be consistent with that slowness SInce by what is said the rapid Circulation of the Blood in Fevers seems to be overturned And that the rapid motion thereof was the only adequate Reason commonly given to solve the Phaenomenon of Heat in Fevers Because swift and violent motions used often times to produce Heat in Bodies althô we perceive motion to produce Heat in no bodys but where it is acompanied with grating and grinding of hard solid parts on upon another but never in fluids and so we find the violent motion of the Body produces Heat therein by the atâ—rition which the Museules make on themselves and the adjacent parts Which also produces a thickness of the Blood and in consequence slackens its motion It remains to inquire to what parent this off spring of Intenss and Feverish Heat can be most properly legitimate The inquiry into this Phaenomenon may not only discover how Heat is made but will perhaps also further establish the Hipothesis of Fevers already laid down For if we take a view and find that all these things which as external causes bring Imoderate Heat that the same do bring on a pace with them thickness and crassness of the Blood Which is necessarly followed with the slowness of its motion And so to supply the parts with proportionable reparation suitable to the waste that is made the Acceleration is stimulated and frequent pulses are excited in proportion to that thickness and slowness of the Blood as it falls out in vehement motions of Body and Minde Great and long heat of the Sun and fire the excessive abuse of strong Liquors and in perspiration impeded c. In the vehement motion of the Body beside the above mentioned grateing of the muscles upon one another and upon the parts adjacent exciting heat there is also such a waste of spirits and particles of the Blood and humours which in motion do exhale that to make proportionable supply and refocillation with the arterial blood the heart is made to mend its pace As also that copious eruption of exhalations which sometimes comes to the degree of sweat leaving the Blood and Humors more gross and thickned must necessarily also increase the slowness of its motion which therefore crave greater and repeated force to squeeze it forward into these narrow Channels And so from all these circumstances in violent motion there is raised a paroxisme as to Heat and Pulse altogether resembling a Fever Which is muâ—h after the same manner also produced by all the rest of external causes exciting Heat but with this difference that the Heat coming from the abuse of spirituous Liquors as apears by the Spirit of Wine which being poured upon Blood doth immediately co-agulate the same comes from their immediate incrassating and coagulating effect upon the Blood Which Incrassation has likewayes and for the same cause that stimulating effect upon the Heart And how stopt perspiration produces Heat shall be in its due place shown Whence we may conclude that all Intense Heat grivous to the Body is the genuin effect of the grosness of the Blood as it is clear by the contemplation of the Community of the Causes and the Community of the Phoenomena Natural and Practical belonging to both and shall afterward more fully be shown Having thus far premised It remains to clear how this Thickness and Grossness of the Blood produces also intense Heat And that the same Heat does not establish but rather evert both the Effervessence of the Blood and the swiftness of that motion thereof by some called the circulation and by others the circuit of the Blood In prosecution whereof it is to be noticed that in the natural state of Health the Heat is more strong and veget then in the valetudinary state where it is fretting and with trouble felt For in the state of Health the Rayes of Heat now whither or not these be thickly compacted together troops of Spirits it seems not worth the while to contend these Rayes I say do chearfully and pleasantly glide with the arterial Blood throw the Channels of the Arteries in a fluid sequacious and yeilding enough and by passages open sufficiently toward all the Bowels Organs and Habit of the Body for their refoccilation in which for the most part they are consumed And so from the continual efflux of these Rayes chearfully accomplshed does result the faelicity and ease of Life and integrity of the functions of the Oeconomy But in the state of sickness and cheifly in the heat of Fevers these rayes or Companies of Spirits flowing throw a viseuous crass-medium such as the arterial Blood then is and also approaching the narrow Channels of the arteries partly obstructed and partly beset with scabricity by means of this viscous Blood these rayes I say must undoubtedly in there passage throw that viscid and unequal Medium suffer refraction And in their approach to the extremities of the arteries thus obstructed or vitiated they must suffer Reflection or Collision Such modifications then of the rayes of heat seeme likely to produce the same effect on the sense that the like modifications of the rayes of Light and of Sight do It being known that the diversity or inequality of the medium throw which these pass and by which they are refracted Or the variety of the superficial textures on which these inciding are therefrom also reflected doth occasion Impressions on the organe of Sight whereby the object is represented either some way depraved or greater or more multiplied then it
of the Cathartick with its force power as only sufficient to intercept and divert the Enemies Provision and Forrage from this Coast. But farther to evince the security utility yea necessity of this Auxiliarie of Nature in this Intestine War it 's to be considered that this Method of our Author is not only exactly adapted to the Concatenation and Complication of causes making and â—omenting this War but thereby all the Auxiliaries are drawn up and planted in that Order and Battalion Form that each of them does both back and make good each others assault And bridle and restrain their Depradation Ravageries and Exorbitancies For the Cathartick and Paregorick Forces charging the Enemie severally and alone instead of Auxiliaries often prove Depredatory So then in the first place comes Phlebotomy whereof the proper direct effect is not more to be considered then the Respective preparative relation it has to the cathartick often times to be given on the back of it comes to be remarked Which in that order administred as it operats gently and without tumult So does it more efficaciously then being administrat otherwayes And this as it is observed by the most famous Silvius is comunicat as a remarke very useful in Practise And thô there can be no such pâ—rswasive Arguments for this as experience Yet for satisfaction of the curious inquirer of the reason thereof that they may have an adequat idea of the Phenomenon perhaps also bringing light as well in other cases as this I shal make this essay to give a reason therefore It seemes probable that all tumult and commotion in the Body with anxieties and trouble accompanying it has its rise from the complication of thir causes and according to their Intension or remission is more or less viz. From the energie of the Impellent faculty or explosion of the Spirits exciting frustraneous Essayes to pass themselves throw their Medium or to carry matter throw proper passages destinate for that end and these Essayes are frustraneous either because of indisposition and inaptitude of the matter throw viscosity or grosness Or because of the closness or Scabricity of the passages And so these explosive motions of the Spirits terminate in collisions repercussions irksome touches of themselves Or of that moveable matter upon the Walls and Fibres of the Vessels and Bowels inducing therein Irritations spasms anxieties and troublesome sense some being affected principally some by consent in which tumultuating state the Functions deprived of their due Incomes and Recruites do also languish and consequently become lank in their office So then on the approach of the Adventitious irritating and stimulating force of the Cathartick either under a present Orgasme thorow the foresaid cause or under a Disposition or Proclivity thereunto there must necessarly a Tumult arise or one already begun be heightned there being so much of an additional cause put as the Commotion of the remainder of the crude humors stirred up by the Purgative which being thereby somewhat atenuate are easily carried into the Blood and do by their viscosity and grosâ—ness which makes their unaptitude to go throw the small Channels and Vessels stop and close these Channels But by Venesection the Obstructions as was shown being much resolved and the course of the Blood in a manner restored these Spirits incitat and irritate by the Purgative enjoying a free course throw a pure medium do excite no tumults also these particles of commoved matter meeting with a brisk motion of the Blood patent channels are soon dissipate scattered and expelled by perspiration insensible And the Benefit of Connecting immediatly togeâ—her Phlebotomie and Catharticks in Fevers has been the succesful Practise of many famous antient Authors yet none thereof adverted the beneficial use of the Paregorick after the Cathartick as Riverius in his Practise of medicine Lib xvi Of the pestilent Fever chap 1. In that most cruel Fever that raged at Montpelier which took away the half of these that were infected therewith althô the sick People had the eruption of parotides were brought to extreme weakness yet he induced with the unsuccesfulneâ—s of all other Methods Cured them with Bleeding and Purging So that none that were so treated by him died And Sylvius Delaboe that deservedly to this day famous professor Practitioner of Medicine at Leyden does in the first Book of his practise Chap 29. Institute his Cure yea of Burning Fevers with Blooding and purging the purge to be given even within an hour after the Blooding And he appoints both to be reiterated till the Fever become much thereby subdued And Donckers that Famous Practitioner in Cologne in his treatise of the Petechial Fever which is the same with a Malignant Fever does follow much the same Method begining with Purging Bleeding in that Fever and gives with all this Practical Caution in the use of Purgatives that especialy to these whose Constitutions and Strength are not known they be administred not in one whole Dose but in partited Doses For a larger quantity that way given will have a more mild and a far more effectual operation then a less quantity by the third given at one Dose will have But above all which I have yet observed to contribute to the secure effectual present operation of Catharticks in Fevers there is nothing to be compared to volatile Salts with which the Doses given to Febricitants being well imbued The anxieties tumults and faintings Using to arise during the time of the operation are extraordinatly checked and supressed But yet if by the present disposition of the Body there be such a proclivity to Orgasmes and Anxieties in the time of the operation That these volatiles given in this manner are not sufficient to Bridle them It may be surely as I have frequently observed and to great surprize as it were like an Inchantment done by the reiterated administration of these volatiles at that time in a convenient vehicle Which has seldome or never been observed to faill of the designed effect And makes the purgative absolve its operation without any troublesome or hurtful symptome And the reason of thir effects seemes to be by the intimately commixing the Volatile Salt with the Cathartiek or the Superadding it so that wherever the Cathartick coming exerts its stimulating force and operation with uneasieness it is attended also with the opening and atenuating efficacie of the volatile making its operation easie SECT XIII The benefit and season of using Paregoricques in Fevers and there Diaphoretique vertue comended and the danger of other Diaphoretiques with a doubt from the Author Sydenham's Constitutions of years answered and this Method shown to be common to all Constitutions BUT at length when the Fewel or matter being the antecedent cause of the disease is so plentifull and Contumacious that being only raked up troubled by the Purgative it therefore does send into the Blood more crudities and viscosities then the Motion
Crisis he levelled in these Constitutions as the genius of that Intention would permit So it was only the difference of the Cures by way of a Crisis that did with him intitle different Constitutions of these Years But in the last Constitution of which he treats in his Schedula most happily falling on a method that did sure with that constituon and expending it further he did find it a method that did quite alter all the former measures and conduct of the cure of Fevers and consequently his constitutions and that it was a method which made the practice of the cure to run in an other channel and which did take up different indications passed over the needless dangerous conduct of Nature throw the maze of a crise As that this method did save the strength of Nature from a laborious prodigal and uncertain profusion and was a method that profitably and securely anticipated the crise he did therefore most reasonably judge it as I received it from his own mouth that it would agree with all manner of continual Fevers neither can there be yet any solide experience brought into the field that will weaken this Conclusion while the daily practice of sundry Physicians offers it self to all that will notice it clearly establishing the efficacie of this method SECT XIV The further Helpers in Fevers considered and how they work and confirm the Hypothesis such as fixed and volatile Salts Alcaline and Testaceous Concrets and also Cuppings Leeches and Frictions Wherealso some Phoenomena of Hurters are considered as the continual Sweats in Fevers And the continual lying in bed And lying with the head much Depressed For all which Reasons are given confirming the Hypothesis IT remains in the next place to enquire into other Helpers and Hurters in Fevers how they Operate and if the explication of such Phoenomena can bring any light to the foresaid Hypothesis And first as for helpers volatile and fixed salts are by the consent of all granted to be very effectual which altho in the case of a copious fomes they seem not to be â—afe yet the clearing how they work may shew as that they are effectual so when they are fit then to answer this it would be noticed that as the state or crasis of the blood may be vitiate two wayes so there may be so many wayes stops and bolts put so the motion thereof inducing its slowness and making it need more frequent or greater pulses to drive it on to distribution And first when the serosity of the Blood endued with due tenuity serves for a fit vehicle for the globuls but these globuls are vitiated either by their bulk number or in their figure that is by scabricity all which viâ—es severally much more when they are complicate makes these globuls stick and stop in the small passages and channels of the vessels and so baricade up the course of the Blood that there are raised frequent and violent pulses of the heart and arteries to remove them and carry on the blood The next fault in the crase of the Blood is when the due proportion in the number bulk and figure of these globuls is kept yet the tenuity of the serum is vitiated by viscidity and this fault also makes the Blood slow in its passage throw the small vessels to overcome which the heart does excite great and frequent pulses likewise In the first case where the globuls are only vitiated and the serum intire the sick are infested and weakened with sweats Because the frequent pulses drive away the serosity of the Blood out at the pores which is called the dissolution of the crase of the blood leaving the globuls cruded up together in the small vessels And in this case fixed and Alcaline salts testaceous and marine concrets made in subtile powder seem much to help because all these concrets consisting as is known of particles very rough scabrous and rigide the minutest particles whereof where ever they go carrying that Figure with them so then such being mixed with the blood and carryed along with it must necessarly impinging on the obstructions and scabricities in the small channels not only scoure and clear them but likewise by their continual Attrition of the Globuls of the Blood they must polish and grind these globuls and make them fit for passage thorow these channels As to the other state and crase of the Blood where the Serosity being viscide makes the slowness of the Bloods motion here as there are no sweats so it 's difficult to raise dangerous to attempt them Before any remedie can be justly levelled for the removal of this fault of the Blood it must be first inquired in what this viscosity does consist it seemes then that viscosity being a degree of Solidity and Firmness and the first step from Fluidity thereunto and that Fluidity consisting in the actual and due Motion of minutest parts of the Liquors viscidity then must Import some abatement and diminution as of their due Fluidity so of their Motion And that either from the weakness of the Principle of that Motion or the unaptitude of the matter to receive and obey Impressions of that Principle As having some glewy viscous matter mixed therewith But whatever it proceids from it is certain that the outward or sensible Rest in Liquores that naturally ought to be moved is a concurring Cause to there viscosity so the agitation of Liquors does altogether take off there viscosity As may be seen in the example of Ale which being ropie and viscuous is by tossing and agitating thâ—reof in a Bottle closs stoped soon brought to leave its viscosity So then the viscosity of the serum of the Blood seemes to be the effect of its want of due motion And is further a cause to hinder that due motion of the efflux and reflux And as this viscoâ—ity seems originaly to depend upon the serum not being duely Impregnat and Irradiat by the Spirits which do make it diaphanous and subtile so the want of this irradiation may depend upon its viscosity hindering that irradiation and so as these causes may hinder its due motion that want of due motion also does exceedingly contribute to its viscosity and check the influx of the Spirits And thus every one of these are mutually causes and effects to one another Yet unto these Efâ—ects from whatsomever of these causes they be produced seem much conducible all such things which give copious Matter to the generation of Spirits and also which give them being generated also Spurrs such as are all volatile Salts which for this reason are known to break and attenuate all viscosity But these are indeed to be used with moderation and warriness in Fevers least we should spurr faster than we open and clear the way and so these Spirits too much incited should waken up or exasperat all these Scenes of Confusions and Tumults to which the Blood is very prone under this state It is certain that long experience
perspiration 14. Violent exercise where the wind blows is evil for the wind stops the perspiration and the motion makes it acrimonious 15. Riding promoves the perspiration most in the parts above the Loins Ambling is most wholsome but Trotting unwholsome 16. The motion of a Boat or a Litter long used disposes extraordinarly to perspiration 17 Violent motion of a Coach evacuates the unconcocted perspirable Matter and hurts the solid Parts and the Reins 18. The exercise of the Pennystone disposes very much to perspiration 19. Perspiration wanting to persons in health is promoved by Exercise 20. By immoderate exercise the Fibres grow hard whence comes old Age but softness of the Fibres keeping them open makes long life 21. A Youthful Face is long preserved by avoiding sweating or perspiring too much throw heat SECT VI. Of VENERY 1. TOo much Abstinence and too much Vse both hinder Perspiration 2. Venery does good when after the next sleep there is no weariness found 3. Immoderat Venery with a Person very much desired hurts least 4. After an inclination to Venery to forbear does bring agility of the Body 5. The present effect of immoderat Venery is the Refrigerating the Stomack and the subsequent is the hindring of Perspiration Whence come Palpitations in the Eye-Brows and in the Ioints and thereafter in the principal Members â— Immoderat Venery hurts most in the Summer 7. Those that in Venery purposely do not emit Sperm fall into tumors of the Testicles 8. Immoderat Venery after the Stomack hurts the Eyes generates the Stone Cathaâ—hes and Palpitation of the heart 9. Flatulent Aliments after Venery such as Oysters and New Wine are pernicious 10. While Venery is to be used little or nothing is to be eaten And while you must eat little or no Venery 11. Venery prompted by Nature is beneficial but prompted by the mind hurts both mind and memory 12. After exercise venery is unwholesome After Meat not so much but after sleep it is most wholsome of all SECT VII Of the Affections of the Mind 1 BY Sadness and Fear the lightâ— of the perspirable mater only is pâ—â—spired the weightier remaining by Glaâ—ness and Anger both perspire whence Sadnâ—â— and Grief breeds obstructions Hardness 〈◊〉 the Parts and Hâ—pochondriack affects 2. Nothing makes Perspiration more frâ—â— than a Contented Mind 3. Sadness and Grief hinders the grossâ— peâ—spirable matter to be evacuat And thâ— retained by every light Cause begeâ— Fear and Sadness 4. The Acrimony of the perspirable matâ—â— retained by Grief is taken off by Chearfuâ—ness 5. These that go to Bed sad at nigâ—â— perspire little 6. Melancholy is overcome either by 〈◊〉 free perspiration or by continual consolatioâ— of the Mind 7. Chearfulness without an evideâ—â— Cause that proceeds from the Perspiratiâ—â— succeeding well makes the Body becoâ—â— lighter 8. Moderate Ioy evacuationly the superfluous Matter but Immoderate Ioy that that 's useful 9. A Surprising Ioy hurts more than that which is foreseen for it makes the Spirits totally exhale 10. Ioy persevering many dayes hinders Sleep and dissolves the Strength 11 Aliments that promove Perspiration make Chearfulness and these that hinder it make Sadness 12. These that are of a Chollerick Nature are much hurt by immoderat Exercise so Hyppocrates forbad such to use frictions and wrestlings 13. The Body at rest perspires more if â—he Mind be exercised Then when the Body is exercised and the Mind idle 14. So the immoderat Exercise of the â—ind hurts more than that of the Body 15. The Body would wither and perish â—ithout the exercise of the Mind but not â—ontrary wayes 16. A vehement motion of the Mind is â—either settled by Rest nor Sleep 17. Such as in Game do very earnestly â—esire to gain do not Play but Labour and 〈◊〉 exceedingly divert Perspiration 18. A Moderat Victory is more wholesome than a Glorious One 19. Study with change of Affections is longer indured than under one Affection of the Mind 20. Study without all Affections scarce endures an hour with on Affection scarce four with frequent change of Affections as in the the play of the Dice it will be endured Dayes and Nights 21. To be sometimes Merry sometimes Sad and then again Angry and nixt afraid This change of Affections helps Perspiration more then one of the best Affections alwayes continuing does FINIS Equity and Law makes the unskilfulness of Phisicians highly culpable Acuteness requisite in Phisicians § 3. And they being sequestrate from other Imployes or Divertisements 4. § Dilligence and Industry requisite 5. §. The causes of their negligence either the impunity thereof here 6. § Or ignorance of the strictness of the Obligation lying on them 7. § The Nature and Extent of it cleared from Law and Equity §. 8. §. 9. In how nice a point neglect may ly and the coming under the possibility thereof alarms sufficiently to inquiry The general diligence of his accomplishment §. 2. The benefit of this Diligence The particular Diligence begets experience §. 4. §. 5. An journal of the Physicians practice requisite § 6. Whence is the vanity of the many Observations in Medicine diseases not being sufficiently unmasked §. 7. Next Diseases not being sufficiently specified The benefit and necessity of this diligence Why recent Writters afford the best means of Improvement The great merit of D Sydenham §. 9. The evil consequences of Sloatâ— The success of Artifice and personal Prudence hinders Improvement The pâ—ecipitant Judgment of the vulgar and their preconceiâ—ed opinion hinder improvment and is fatal to people thô it be the basis of Reputation The vulgar Errors of the preconceived opinion of experienced discovered The vulgar Error of the vanity of Medicine considered disproved The uncertainty of Prognostick a great piller of that Error â—onsidered removed Upon what does the Arbitriment concerning the Medicinal Practise depend The disparity betwixt the Arbitriment Concerning Practise and Policy and that of Physicians Only from Practise comes Improvement in Medicine As it is in Philosophy called Experimental The common and diaphoretique method considered The Fomes in Fevers considered Refrigerants considered Temperers of Acrimony sweetners of the blood Aperients and inciders The true method proposed that is most probable An unparalleled danger he escaped His Sagacity and Ingenuity marred his Reputation D. Morton his Elogium of D. Sydenham D. Harris his Elogium The Opinion that Fevers consist in heat Willis his Opinion of effervescence in Fevers Cartesius his Opinion Paracelsus and Helmonâ— their Opiâ—ions The occasion of these Errores discovered The Scheme of the New hypolsices of Fevers laid down An objection against this Hypothesis answered Another deficulty solved Insensible Perspiration A mechanical Hypothesis of Digestion How delirium is made How spots are made A Proposal for improvment of Phlebotomy How Blooding helps in hemorhagies Other Phoenomena of the motion of the Blood cleared The reason why the worst Blood is first evacuated Why the ill Blood comes first or last Why People ly down upon a fitt of sickness Why Blood letting iâ— easiest when lying a bed An Objection of the Bloods not coagulating when drawn in Fevers answered Authorities purging for in Fevers Some Practical Cautions Concernig Purging in Fevers Other Cautions The hurt of meer Diaphoretiques in Fevers The hurt of a method directed to a Crisis A difficulty answered shewing that this Method agrees with all constitutions of years Continual lying in the naked Bed why hurtful in Fevers Why hurtful to lye with the head too low * De pass anim part 1. cap. 10. The manner of Sanguification The signs of an iÌ„â—minent Consumption given by D Morton The Phaenomenon of the Fever in a consumption confirmes the Hypothesis Another difficulty about the supposed Hypoâ—hesis answered