Selected quad for the lemma: cause_n

Word A	Word B	Word C	Word D	Occurrence	Frequency Band	MI	MI Band	Prominent
cause_n	animal_n	brain_n	spirit_n	2,322	5	5.6452	4	true

Text snippets containing the quad

ID	Title	Author	Corrected Date of Publication (TCP Date of Publication)	STC	Words	Pages
A14665	The optick glasse of humors. Or The touchstone of a golden temperature, or the Philosophers stone to make a golden temper wherein the foure complections sanguine, cholericke, phlegmaticke, melancholicke are succinctly painted forth, and their externall intimates laide open to the purblind eye of ignorance it selfe, by which euery one may iudge of what complection he is, and answerably learne what is most sutable to his nature. Lately pend by T.W. Master of Artes.	Walkington, Thomas, d. 1621.	1607 (1607)	STC 24967; ESTC S119414	78,133	198

because the spirits both in regard of their copiousnesse and subtilty doe make a sweete harmony of the soule body and are the notes of a rare wit and a good crasis we mean now to treat of thē succinctly Cap. 8. Of the Spirits THe poets Arachne doth neuer weaue her entangling webbe neare the Cypresse tree the Em bleame is well knowne of the Scarabee that liues in noisome excrements but dies in the middle of Venus rose so the Owle shuns the splendent rayes of Phoebu● delighting more in the darke some night the worst we see do euer affect the worst our groueling base affections our dull conceits blind-folded ignorance our aguish iudgements timorous cowardize slownesse and dulnes in contemplation our inhability of inuention and whatsoeuer grand capitall fomen to reason there bee doo neuer take vp their lodgings in any beautious Inne I mean in a body happely attempered where the spirits are subtile and of a pure constitution but haue their mansion in a smoky tenament or some baser cottage that is in a polluted sickely and corrupted body which is both plethoricū pneumapht hiricum ca●ochymicum wher there is a fulnesse repletion of infected and malignant humours where the subtile spirits be not only tainted but euen corrupted with puddle humours with grosser fuming vapours whose pitchy company the cleare chrystalline and rarified spirits can in no wise brooke as being disturbers of their noblest actions These spirits the more attenuated and purified they be the more that coelestiall particle of heauens flame our reason that immoueable pole-star by the which wee ought to direct the wandring course of all our affections yea far more it doth beare dominion and shewe forth her noble and surmounting excellency in this masse of ours The more aboundant they are all our internall gifts are more inhaunced florish the more where the spirits are appareled with their owne nature and not attired or rather tired by any extraordinary ill means which will neuer be accordant to their seemely decency the soule of man is as it were in a ●hessali'n Tempe of delight which groue for faire florishing meades for the pleasant shade of bushy P●nes for pirhling brooks gliding streams of ●olsom water for a sweete odoriferous ayre for the melodious harmony and chi●ping of vocall birds for the fragrancy of medicinable flowers and hearbs for all pleasures that mo●e feast delight the senses and draw the very soule into an admiration of the place of all other did surpasse as the Topographer makes mention But now wee meane to relate of the diuersity of spirits both in a generall and speciall acceptation ● A spirit is taken for our breath in respiration as Galen saies first prognostic if saith he far from treatable it implies a paine and an inflamation about the disaphragma T is often among the poets taken for wind among the philosophers for an abstract forme pro Damone vel bono vel malo it is vsed for a sauour and for lofty courage in none of these senses we are to take it in this place But for a subtile pure aery substance in the body of man and thus it may be defined Spiritus est subtilessima aeria dilucidaque substantia ex tenuissima parte sanguims producta cuiu● adminiculo proprios valeat anima producere actus A spirit is a most subtile aery and lightsome substance generated of the purest part of bloud whereby the soule can easily performe her functions in the naturall body They haue their originall and ofspring from the heart not from the braine as some hold For they being so pure and elaborate into the nature of aire cannot bee generated in the braine beeing by nature cold where nothing is product but that which is very vaporous Againe cerebrum est exang●e the braine is bloodless as it is euident by Anatomy neither hath it any veines to make a conueiance for that humour therfore it is most probable that where their is the intensest heate to extract these spirits from the blood and to rarifie them conuerting them into an aery substance that from thence they should haue their efficient cause for the spirits in speciall they be of three sorts vital natural and animall vital in the heart naturall in the liuer animal in the braine Vital because they giue power of motion pulsion vnto the arteries which motion any liuing creature hath so long as it hath a being and that being extinct the life is also extinct 2. Naturall in the liuer in that they yeelde hability of executing such actiōs as chiefly concerne not 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 but 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 as nutriciō and the generation of the like 3. Animall in the braine and though the spirits proceed from the heart yet are they diffused through the whol body in the arteries and veines and there in the braine they are termed animale because they impart a faculty to the nerues of sence and real motion which are pec●liar to euery liuing creature The conduits of the spirits are the arteries and veins the arteries carry much spirits little blood the veines much blood and little spirit yet are each of them the receptacle of both For the cherishing and stirring vppe of the spirits these things ensewing are greatly auailable First an illuminated pure aire purged from all grosser qualities secondly a choice of fragrant smels thirdly musicall harmony and meriment as Ludouicus Cael. Rodig doth write a necessary fourth may be annexed that is nutriment for it rouses vppe and lightens the spirits therfore the philosopher in his problems saith that homo pransus multo leuior est agili●r jeiuno after meat a man is farre more light and nimble then whiles he is fasting so a mery pleasant man is more light the● one that is sad and a man that is dead it farre heauier then one aliue There be● other thing also very cōmodious as inte● mission of meditation a due regard of motion that it be neither too vehement and so consume or too slacke and so corrupt the spirits now mean we to speake in order of the complections Cap. IX Of a cholerick complection CHoler is tearmed of the greeke word 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 of the Latins bilis it is not onely taken for the humour but somtimes for anger as i● Th●ocritus 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 Bitter anger appeard in his face or in his nostrilles So the latin word is as much as anger Plaut fames mora bil●m in nasum cōciunt for anger first appeares in the face or nose therefore the Hebrues haue the same word for ira and nasus that is aph 〈◊〉 which is agreeable to that of Theocr. afore mentioned and that of Persius Ira cadit naso rugosaque sanna So we say in our english prouerb when a man is teasty and anger wrinckles his nose such a man takes pepper in the nose but yel low choler is an humour contained in

vpon Fuscus in his Epigrames of all men they haue most leadē conceits and drossy wits caused especially by their excessiue intemperance which thickneth their blood corrupteth their spirites and other organons wherein the soule shoulde cheefely shew her operation Giue mee leaue to speake a little of the ayre how it receaued into the body doth either greately aduantage or little availe the mind It is certaine that the excellency of the soule followes the purity of the heauens the temperature of the ayre therefore because Boeot●a had a●ery * rennish soyle a grosse and vnrefined ayre the ancient writers to decypher and shaddow out a dull witt in any one were wont to say Boeoticum hic habit inge●ium this man is as wise as a woodcock his wits in a consumption his conceit is as lancke as a shotten Herrin I doe not cōcord with the Poet in that triuial verse but I doe carry the comma a little further and say C●lum non 〈◊〉 mutant qui 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 At least if I must needes take coelum for aire I will say The aire to vary is not onely found But wit 's a forreiner in f●rreine ground The ayre hath his etymologie from the greeke worde 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 to breath it consistes of 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 and 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 because the learned say that it is the beeginning and ending of mans life for when wee begin to liue wee are sayd to inspire when we die to expire as the priuation of the aire deprives vs of our being and the aire being purged and clensed from his pestilent qualities causeth our well-beeing so the infection of the aire as in the extinguishing of some blazing comet the eructation of noysome vapours from the bosome of the earth the disastrous constellation or bad aspect of some maleuolent planet the vamping fumes that the Sun eleuates from boggs and fennish grounds the inflammation of the ayre by the intense heate of the sunne as when in Homers Iliad Phaebus is fained to send forth his direfull arrowes among the Grecians and ●o bring in the pestilence vppon them this infection causeth our bodyes first to bee badly qualified and tainted with a spice of corruption and so by consequent our very soules to be ill affected AEneas Syluius in his Cosmography writing of the lesser Asia records a strange thing concerning the ayre beeing putrified hee sayes that hard by the cittie Hierapolis there is a place tearmed Os PLVTONIVM in the vally of a certaine mountaine where Strabo witnesseth that he sent sparrowes in which forth with as soone as they drew in the venemous noysome ayre they fel downe dead no doubt but the corrupted ayre would haue had his operation vppon other more excellent creatures thē were those little birds if they durst haue attempted the entrance in But to a question what reason can be alleag'd that those who won vnder the pole neare the frozen zone and in the septentrionall climate should haue such gyantly bodies and yet dwarfish wits as many authors doe report os them and wee fee by experience in trauaile the rudenes and simplicitie of the people that are seated far north which no doubt is intimated by a vulgar speach when wee say such a man hath a borrell wit as if wee said boreale ingenium Whereof that old-english prophet of famous memory whome one fondly ●earm'd Albion● ballade maker the cunnicatcher of time and the second dish for fooles to feede their splenes vpon G. Chaucer tooke notice when in his prolog to the Frankleines taile he saies But Sir● because I am a ●orrell man At my beginning first I yow beseach Haue me excusd of my rude speach The Philosophers to this question haue excogitated this reason to wit the exceeding chilnes of the aire which doth possesse the animall spirits the chiefe attendants of the soule to exequute the function of the agent vnderstanding with contrary qualities the first being cold and drie the last hote and moiste though this reason most auaile for our purpose speaking how the minde can bee affected with the ayre yet I must needs say I thinke they are beside the cushian others affirme and with more reason that they are dul-witted especially by the vehement heat which is included in their bodies which doth inflame their spirits thick●n their blood and therby is a cause of a new grosse more then ayry substance conioynd with the spirits for extreame heat doth generate a grosse adust choler which comes to be mixed with the blood in the veines and that brings a condensation and a coagulation to the blood for their extraordinary heat it is apparant by their speedy concoction and by the externall frigidity of the ayre that dams vp the pores of their bodies so greatly that hardly any heat can euaporate this also by deep wels which in winter time be luk● warme and in summer season exceeding cold now to proue that where the blood is thickned and the spirits inflamed there vsually is a want of wit the great peripate● him selfe affirmeth it to bee a truth where he saith that buls such creatures as haue this humor thick are commonly deuoid of wit yet haue great strength and such liuing thinges as haue an attenuated blood and very fluid doe excell in wit and pollicy as instance is giuen in Aristotle of bees We must note here that this is spoke of the remoter parts neare vnto the pole lest we derogate any thing from the praise of this our happy Ileland another blisfull Eden for pleasure all which by a true diuision of the climes is situated in the septentrional part of the world wherein there are and euer haue beene as praegnant wits as surpassing politicians as iudicious vnderstandings as any clime euer yet afforded vnder the cope of heauen But I doe here passe the limits of laconisme where as I should in wisdome imitate the Aegyptian dogs in this whole tractate who doe drinke at the riuer Nilus 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 in haste and by stealth lest the Crocodile should pray on them and who doth fitly cary the name and conditions of the Crocodile no writer is ignorant of I will therefore end with the iteration of the Thesis that the soule followes the temper of the body and that whiles it is inherent in the body it can n●uer partake so pure a light of vnderstāding as when it is segregated and made a free denizen in the heauenly citty and free holde of the saintes Corporis in gremi● d●m spiritus c. when our imprisoned soule once more being free Gins scale the turret of eternitie From whence it once was raught captiue 〈◊〉 By this vsurping tyrant corps he● bane Which subiugates her vnto s●ttish will And schooles her vnder passions want of skill Then shall our soul● now chock't with fenny care With Angel● frollicke in ap●rer aire This low NADIR of darknes must it she●de Till is aloft toth'radiant ZENITH wende Cap. 3.

body the blood in the blood the spirits in the spirits soule Thirdly because it is a nutriment for all and singular parts of what qualities soeuer It is tearmed in Hebrue 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 sanguis for his nutrition and sure it is as it were the dam or nurse from whose teats the whole body doth suck out and draw life Fourthly in that this humor being spēt our life also must needs vanish away therfore some philosophers as it is wel known to the learned did not onely surmise but constantly auer that the soule was blood because it being effused the soule also doth flit from the body but that was a madde dreame no doubts if the sound of iudge ment had awoke them they woulde haue confessed themselues to haue been enwrap ped in a clowdy errour They also that affirme men of this constitution to be dullards and fooles to haue a pound of folly to an ounce of pollicy they themselues do seeme not to haue so much as a dram of discretion and do erre the whole heauens I confesse a sanguine complection may be so as any other in their discrasie yet not as it is a pure sanguine complection but as there is mixed with the blood either the grosse sediments of melancholy or the lenta materies pituitae tough phleume when the blood is also ouerheated by reason of hot choler or any other accidentary cause that generates a surplussage of blood or endues the spirits with a grosenes and too hot a qualitie more then their nature can well sustaine with keeping their perfection and puritie From whence the blood hath his originall it is apparently knowne especially to them which are skild in the autopsie of Anatomie the seat or fountaine head of it is vena caua a great hollow veine which strikes through the liuer from whence it is conueighed by many cesterns passages and conduit pipes throughout the whole body like spraies and branches from the stemme of a tree It hath his essēce from the chymus or juice of our aliment concocted his rednesse is caused by the vertue of the liuer assimilating it vnto his owne colour To speake more of the externall habit and demeanour of man that hath this complection he euer hath an amiable looke a flourishing fresh visage a beautiful color which as the poet saith doth greatly commend one if all other thinges be wanting N●e minor his aderat subli●is gratia formae Quae vel si desint coetera cuncta placet With vertues grac'd full debonaire was I Which all defac'd more highly dignifie They that are of this complection ar● very affable in speach and haue a gracious faculty in their deliuery much addicted to witty conceits to a scholerlike 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 being fac●tosi not ac●tosi quipping without bitter taunting hardly taking any thing in dogeon except they be greatly moued with disgrace especially wisely seeming eyther to take a thing some times more offensiuely or lesse greiuously then they do ●loaking their true passion they bee liberally minded they carry a constant louing affection to them chiefly vnto whom they be endeared and with whom they are intimate and chained in the links of true amitie neuer giuing ouer till death such a conuerst freind except on a capitall discontent they are very hairy their head is commonly a 〈◊〉 or amber-coloured so their ●eards they are much delighted with a musicall consent and harmony hauing so sw●e a s●pathy themselues of soule and body And but for one fault they are ●ainted with they more well be tearmed Heroe● hominum and that is 〈◊〉 reason of that liuely abounding humour they are somewhat too prone to Venery which greatly alters their blessed state of cōstitutiō drinks vp their hu●dum rad●le enfeebleth the diuinest powers consumes their pith and spends the substance of the braine for sperma is 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 as many philosohhers not without great reason affeuere not ter ●ncoctus sanguis therefore as Macrobius saith Hippocrates cals 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 that coitus est paruus morbus comitialis and but for this they were supereminēt aboue all men but their rare qualities and admirable vertues do more then coūterpoize this naturall fault For his resolutiō he is like the center immoueable neuer caried away with the heady streame of any base affection but lies at the anchor of confidence and boldnes he is neuer lightly variable but beeing proudly harnest with a steely hart he wil run vpō the push of great danger yea hazard his life against all the affronts of death it selfe if it stand ether with the honour of his soueraigne the welfare and quiet of his own country the after fame and renowne of himselfe els is he chary and wary to lay himselfe open to any daunger if the finall end of his endeauour and ●oile bee not plausible in his demur ring judgement Cap. 11. Of the Phlegmaticke humour THis humour is called of the Graecians 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 and of the Latines vsually Pituita which as Aetius noteth is so tearmed quasi petens vitam by reason of the extreame cold moi sture it hath being correspondent to the watry element whereby it doth extinguish the naturall heate in man and being caried with the blood by his grosse substance doth thicken it and stop the currents passages of the blood at least doth taint it with a cōtrary passiue destructiue qualitie Yet of al the humors the phisicions say and it is not improbable this commeth nearest vnto the best for it is a dulcet humour which being concocted is changed into the essence of blood and serues especially for the nutriment of the Phlegmaticke parts as the braine the Nuch● or soft pappe and marrow of the chein bone but this is naturall which of al these humors doth sonest digres into another grosse cold nature which will in processe of time proue that pernicious humor wherof AEtius speaks their is thē to be noted phlegma naturale wherof we spok euē now non naturale of which these proceed Phlegm● 1. Crassum 2 Gypseum 3 Falsum 4 Acetosum 5 Tenue some others For the first that which is thicke is a crude substanee by multiplication in the ventricle the bowels or the braine or the blood whereof Hippocrates aduiseth men to euacuate themselues by vomit euery moneth in his booke de victus ratione priua●rum But for the bowels it needes not so much as for the braine and ventricle for nature hath so ordained that the yellow choler that flowes from the gall into the duod●num should purge the entralls and wash away these Phlegmaticke superfluities and this in time will turne to the nature of Gypseum phlegma which is of a slimier and in time of a more obdurate nature insomuch it will grow as hard as plaister with long remaining in one place like fen water that turns into the nature of mudde and this is it that staies in the ioints and causeth

the incurable knotty goute wherof the po et speakes Sol●re nod●sam n●scit medicina podagram Nec formidatis auxiliatur aquis This was also in a woman whereof Cael. Rodiginus makes mētion I read saith hee among the Learned of a certaine kind of Phleume like vnto plaister bruised into water which in a short space abiding in the ioints of the members growes as harde as plaister stone it selfe we haue saith he an exāple of a woman which was greiuously vexed with an itch in the spondles or ioints of the back-bone reines which shee rubbing very vehemētly racing the skin small mammocks of stone fel from her to the number of eighteene of the bignesse of dice the colour of plaister There is salsum of a saltish nature by the admixtion of brackish humours of choler which being in the ventricle causeth an hydropicall thirst and somewhat excoriates the entralls Plato in his Timaeus speaketh of this 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 c. for phleum being by nature sharp of a brinish nature is the ofspring of all diseases which cōsists of a fluxile humoure and according to the diuersity of places whither this brackish humour doth insinnuate it selfe the body is teend and accloid with diuers and manifold maladies So Hippocrates speakes of this 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 Bitter salt phleume whersoeuer it fals into vnwonted places it doth exulcerate There is also Acetosum Phleg. sharp and tart which almost is of the same nature with the former caused cheifly of the mixture of melacholy indued with the same quallity the last is called Tenue which is very waterish and thin of substance which we ordinarily tearme rheume which comes of the word 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 to flow there be three kinds of it the first is called Branchus which hath his current from the head into the iawes the second is called coriza or 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 which runs from the nostrils wee call it the pose thereupon blennus is vsed for a foole homo obesa ●aris as contrariwise homo ●ctae naris for a wise man the last is called catarrus of 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 and 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 whose matter hath the passage downward into the aspera arteria the breast and the roomes that are cōtiguous which vsually is a cause of the cough for the humours makes an oppilation in the lungs and stoppe the pores whēce our brething aire doth euaporate and whither it being drawn in doth pierce and be take it selfe thereupon there is made a res●ltation and a strugling with the humour and the ayre which causeth the cough though it may happen also the cause being in the aspera arteria as it is wel knowne to them that are but initiated in Physicke though Hippocrates seemes to say all cough breeds in the mid-way of the arterie not in the lungs these are his words for the spirit which we attract saith hee is caried to the lungs and is sent backe by an 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 or regurgitation and when the rh●ume distilling downe doth meete the spirit ascending in the arterie the cough is caused and the phlegmaticke matter cast vp which causeth an exasperation in the artery by the humour which lies in the internall hollowes of the extuberances of our artery which causeth a greate heate to bee ingendered ther by the coughing motiō which heat draws a succedent phleum from the braine still more procuring an extreame cough All phleume is generated of cruditie though it do attract some bad accidentary quality wherof it hath the denominatiō the phisiciōs are of that opiniō that natural phleūe concocted will turne to bloud Suidas saith of it 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 phleume is not engendred the first after meate but the first af●e our aliment is blood phleume is the first after incoction For the place or receptacle of phleume it is not determinate but ● is euident that it hath his mansion in th● braine and the ventricle and the blood Where in the first if it be not euacuated in time but still be suffred to accrue clung together it will breede a dysodia and will indaunger the whole nature by damming vp the poores of the braine and there generating an epilepsie apolexie lethargie vertigo or any such disease that proceeds fro● such cold qualities and badde humoures which Fucshius speaks of at large as also for the latter in the ventricle and blood if it be not purged forth it will grow to such a passe that most of our nourishment will be conuerted into phleume our veines will be possessed with a clammy humor which may hinder the course of the bloud corrupting the spirits and bringing a mortifying cold ouer al the body or it wil grow in the ventricle to such a masse that it will at the receit af any hot moisture send vp such an ascending some that it will bee ready to quirken and stifle vs instance mote be giuen of many that haue beene troubled with the mater of it aboue measure One latelie was so cloied with this humor that as he sat in his chayre he was suddenly surprised of the surging some who swooned as he satte and hauing oile of Synemon which is a souerainge help for it ministred vnto him at the length cā to himself by the heat of the oile which reuiued him and voided a great aboundance of roped phleume by the loosening vertue of the same for the intimates of this complection they by nature are alwaise pale coloured slow pac'd drowsie headed of a weake constitution for the debility of naturall heate they be alwaies dull of conceit of no quicke apprehension faint hearted most subiect to impostums mild of nature seldom incēsed with anger vexed much with wrinching and griping in the bowels sore tormented with the grieuous paine of the wind cholicke Cap. 7. Of a me lancholicke complection THe melancholick man is said of the wise to be aut Deus aut Daemon either angel of heauen or a fiend of hell for in whōsoeuer this humour hath dominion the soule is either wrapt vp into an Elysium and paradise of blesse by a heauenly contemplation or into a direfull hellish purgatory by a cynicall meditation like vnto a huge vessell on the rowling sea that is either hoist vp to the ridge of a maine billow or e●t hurried down to the bottom of the sea valley a man is euer lightly cast into a trance or dead slumber of cogitatiōs by reason of his sad heauy humor alwaies stoically visaged like grout headed Archesilas them of whom the Poet speake● Aer●mnosique Solones Obstipo capite figentes lumine terram Murmura cum secum rabiosa silentia rodu● Atque exporrecto trutinantur verba labello Aegroti veteris meditantes somnia gigni De nihilo nihil in nihilum nil posse reuerti L●ke pumpion headed Solonists they looke The dull earth is their contemplation