Selected quad for the lemma: cause_n

Word A	Word B	Word C	Word D	Occurrence	Frequency Band	MI	MI Band	Prominent
cause_n	animal_n	brain_n	spirit_n	2,322	5	5.6452	4	true

Text snippets containing the quad

ID	Title	Author	Corrected Date of Publication (TCP Date of Publication)	STC	Words	Pages
A14264	Enchiridion medicum containing an epitome of the whole course of physicke: with the examination of a chirurgion, by way of dialogue betweene the doctor and the students. With a treatise contaning a definition of all those difenses that do chiefly affect the body of a man, and an antidotary of many excelllent and approued remedies for all diseases. Published for the benefit of young students in physicke, chirurgian, and apothecaries.	Pomarius, Petrus.; Hobbes, Stephen.	1609 (1609)	STC 24577; ESTC S101306	91,960	299

it were the dregs and sediment of the bloud All these foure humours as I haue said being made vnnaturall they turne to the hurt of the body as when melancholy is burned it becōmeth vitious and causeth madnes when it is mingled with too much flegme it causeth a doltish disposition and worketh cold diseases When blood becommeth vnnaturall it is made wheyish and watrish and is very hurtfull as in the hydropsic when red choler is burned it becommeth vitious and biting when flegme is made vnnaturall through a weake digesture it is made a watrish humor and so hurtfull to the body There is also another natural humor and is Primogenius the first and chiefe humor called Humidum radicale which is Humidum radicale ingendred in the similer parts or insited in nature for from the first beginning the members of the whole body are filled with a certaine dewie humor or only moistnesse truely the first thing that is ingendred hauing its beginning from the blood monstruall This humor yeeldeth nourishment to the naturall heate and therfore by the same it is consumed and needeth restauration which is performed by the accession of nourishment Galen termeth this humor the solid substance of the similer parts Doct. Now it resteth that you shew me the seat or place of euery one of these humours Stud. These 4. humors which are ingēdred in our bodies being mixed they are contained in unamassa sanguinis that is in the fountaine of blood which is said to be the better part of it selfe and being exactly confused they rest in the veines which the Physitions doe consider as it were the chiefe Elements of the bodie but those humors which are by nature deriued without the veines whether it be yellow choler in the gaule or melancholy which the splene draweth or flegme which is ingendred in the stomacke through crudities or the matter which distilleth from the braine to the nostrils and such like they are in no wise to be accoūted elements of our body and therfore they be not humors but excrements and so they are called which nature whiles it is in strength doth expell as vnprofitable vnto places conuenient and the excramentall seat of yellow choler is the gaule from whence it is purged by vrine and the stoole the receptacle of the melancholick humor is the splene by which being drawne it is spartly cōncertd into the nature therof partly it is deiected to the stomacke Doct. Proceed now to spirits and let me know what a spirit is Despiritibus Spiritus definitio Stud. A spirit is a subtile flame or rather an airy substance giuing strength and power to exercise proper actions in euery member Spirits be two fold the one vitall the other animall the vitall spirit is a subtill flame engendred from the blood and is dispersed by vertue of the heart into all the body to giue vnto the same liuely heat and a power of motion and action The efficient cause is a naturall power in the heart the matter from whence it proceedeth is blood for it is ingendred of the blood which is in the left ventricle of the heart the forme is the flame it selfe flying through all the Artiers The finall causes are two the first is that it might giue liuely heate vnto the body the second is that it may be the instrument of action and motion in the whole body The animal spirit is as it were a starrebeame which is sent from the braine by the Nerues into all the body to giue motion and sense and all other animal actions vnto the same Doct. From whence is the Animall spirit ingendred Stud. It is ingendred of the vitall spirits by the vertue of the braine elaborating and concocting the same There are some that adioyne a third kind of spirit that is Spiritus naturalis in gendred in the liuer which is the thin substance of the blood and is like vnto a vapour this spirit is carried by the hollow veine together with the blood into the heart where it is wrought by the naturall strength of the heart and so is made a vitall spirit and so the naturall spirit is as it were the matter of the vitall spirit and the vitall spirit is the matter of the animall spirit De partibus Doct. Goe forward vnto the parts of mans body and tell me first what a part De partibus is Stud. Euery member of the bodie is accounted for a part of the body and Membra principalia they are of two sorts some principall and some officiall the braine the heart and the liuer are accounted principall members some also account the testicles amongst the principall members The officiall members are the sinews and they doe serue to the braine the arteries Membra officialia which doe serue to the heart the veines which doe serue to the liuer the spermaticke vessels which be inseruient to the stones There bee also some parts that be called partes similares or Homogenae and some Dissimilares or Heterogenae The Similar parts are so called for being diuided they remaine in themselues such as they were before and those are the bones cartilagies ligaments tendons fibres membrans the skinne and the flesh with the fatte and such like The members or parts Dissimilar are the contrary Some members are called instrumentall as the stomacke the reines the bowels with all the great sinews Doct. It followeth that we speake of De faculta tibus potentijs faculties or powers Tell me therefore how many sorts of faculties or powers are there Stud. There are three sorts of powers that is to say Animal Spiritual and Naturall the Animall facultie according to Plato whom the Physitions do follow is placed in the braine the vitall or spirituall is placed in the heart the natural in the liuer Aristotle in secundo De Anima rehearseth fiue faculties or powers of the soule viz. Potentiam vegetatiuam sentientem Appetitiuam loco motuam and Rationalem Doct. What is that vegetatiue power Stud. The vegetatiue power is that which doth nourish increase strengthen the body and therefore it doeth containe these foure faculties that is facultatem nutritiuam auctricem generatricem and formatricem Doct. What is that nutrition or nourishment Stud. It is the conuersion of meate and drinke into a spirituall substance performed by the force of heate that there may bee a restoring of the same which began to be decayed The efficient cause of nourishment is naturall heat Materia ex qua or the matter from whence it springeth is the meat and drinke receiued into the body Materia in qua or the subiect is mans liuing body The formall cause is the same Assimilation or conuersion of meate and drinke into the similitude of enerie member to be nourished for one part is turned into the substance of the bone another into the substance of the flesh c. The end is the restoring of the same which began to be consumed for

and exercise doeth cause a strong body Syracke saith in Cap. 17. that abundance of meat beggetteth diseases and that gluttony doeth fill the body with vitious humours Plato in his second Booke De legibus doth forbid the vse of wine and especially vnto children vntill they be eighteene yeares of age and giueth a reason that Non decetignem igni adijoere And these verses are worthy the consideration Immodici sensus perturbat copia bacchi Inde quis enumeret quot mala proueniant Corporis exhaurit succos animique vigorena Opprimit ingemum strangulat atque necat Doct. That is very true for wee see what drowsie sots those common tospots tauerne haunters are and how vnfit to euery good action subiect to euery kind of disease as Palsies Apoplexies Hydropsies Epelipsies gouts such like besides they are turned for the most part from men to monsters and their minds are as full of filthie disires as their bodies of soule diseases But I pray you proceed vnto the next which is sleepe and watchfulnes let mee know how you doe define the same Of Sleepe and Watchfulnes Stud. SLeepe is a rest and quietnes of De sonnio the vertue animall which hapneth when the profitable vapours of the nourishment doe ascend vp into the braine where they doe sweetly moysten and euery where flowing in the braine doe obstruct the Meatus and passages of the senses and moouing Nerues thorow which the vertue of the seness doe by little and little faile The Efficent cause is heate which as Hip. saith in sleepe it flieth more inwards to the end to helpe concoction from whence it hapneth that the outward members doe easily waxe cold in sleepe and doe require to be more warmer couered The Material cause is a sweet vapour ascending from the nourishment into the brain and stopping the Meatus of the senses and spirits that the members forsake their motion The Formal cause is the rest of the outward senses that is hearing and seeing in like manner local mouing as neither the hands nor the feet doe moue any more or performe their office The Finall causes are first a moystning and a recreation of the braine and of the heart According to Virgil Fessos Virgilius soporirrigat artus Secondly that the action of the stomacke and of the liuer in concoction may be the stronger drawing inwards the heat and the spirits for to that end doth the animall faculties rest in sleepe to the end the natural may more stronger performe their office Thirdly that it may be the image of death according to Ouid Stulte quid est somnus gelidae nisi mortis imago Galen calleth it frater mortis the brother of death for as in sleepe the body taketh its rest and the soule watcheth so also in death the body resteth but the soule and spirit liueth As concerning the order and length of sleepe we must consider how much and how long is conuenient to euery body for long sleepe is more conuenient for them that as yet haue not attained to a perfect digestion whether it happeneth through the eating of euill meats or through the wrakenes of the vertue digestiue And forasmuch as sleepe doeth slacken and make laxe the animall powers it is not so necessary for those that be fasting or to such as do suffer much hunger for thereby the head is filled with fuines and euaporations eleuated from the feces supersluities retained in the stomack But on the contrary too much watching is hurthfull to the braine it doth debilitate and weaken the senses it doth burne the humors and is the cause of sharpe diseases sometimes of frensies of madnesse melancholy and deliriums In this therefore we must be carefull to consider how much is sufficient for as Hippocrates saith both sleepe and watchfulnes which soeuer it be if they be immoderate are hurtfull For the length of sleepe the most part of Physitions do agree Length of sleepe that to strong bodies seuen houres in the night is sufficient for in the day time it is generally disallowed and to those that are weaker eight houres at the most Plato in Timaeo saith when the world shutteth vp hereie we also should shut Plato vp our cies the eye of the world is the sunne therefore sleepe is not long to be deferred after the setting of the sun neither presently after supper can sleepe be wholsome for as Galen saith Lib. 4. Abhorismorum Commentario 67. à cibis ad somnum connersis caput impletur A certain great man was wont to say that he found nothing better for the preseruation of his health then to read nothing after supper to write nothing nor to be long out of his bedde so said he I am very wel able to arise in the morning with cheerefulnesse to follow my busines He that hath a strong stomacke let him lie first vpon the right side but he that hath a weake digestiue facultie should first lie vpon the left side and afterwards vpon the right for to lie vpon the left side doth better helpe digestion and vpon the right side it helpeth better for the distribution of the meat Doct. The next thing not naturall is exercise and rest how may that auaile Motus quies for the benefit and health of the bodie Of exercise and rest Stud. A Great part of the preseruatiō of the health of mans body doth consist in due exercise and rest for both these are necessary both to the body and the minde of which Ouid saith Cernis vt ignauum corrumpant ocia corpus Vt capiunt vitium nimoue antur aqua In these verses the similitude is of the body and the water For as water that doth not mooue doth easily putrifie so the body also groweth to corruption without exercise In like manner of the mind and vnstanding Outd V. Trist Elegia 12. saith Adde quòd ingenium long a rubigine laesum Torpet est multo quàm fuit amè munus Where he calleth it Longam rubiginem otium ignauum he meaneth that wherby the whole force of the wit and vnderstanding is ouerthrowne or at the least doth languish and is diminished euen as by the contrary it is refreshed and made sharpe There are three profits and commodities that ariseth by motion and exercise the first is it maketh the bodie strong Secondly it doth excite and increase naturall heate Thirdly the spirits and the senses are thereby made more stronger and sharper As concerning the times of exercise the Aphorism of Hippocrates doth teach Lib. 6. Epi. Sect. 4. Aphoris vlt. vs 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 labours before meate he calleth motion or exercise of the body labours Therefore before meate and not after the body must bee exercised for quietnes after feeding or very litle exercise is to be vsed lest that the naturall heat which should be exercised about concoction and digesture should be dispersed and so made weaker Of Rest the same Ouid saith Quod

there are that do very much commend the yelks of egs poched and coxe-stones boyled in milke but that is more fitter for the cause which is emptines then to the Feuer the Patient must vse decoctions of french barly a yong cocke stusfed with barly clensed and boyled for broth is very good if hee shall be wearie of the vse of pusans he may vse white wine being made thin by delution The Patient must auoid watchfulnes venery and all other perturbations of the mind which doth dry attenuate as anger sorrow bathing is thought to be good lukewarm so that it hath a cooling faculty especially before the disease be confirmed he may tarry in this bath 3. or 4. houres giuing vnto him therein Asses milke tempered cum saccharo violato or rosato after he is out of his bath he may be annointed with cerato refrigirante galeni or vnguento rosato mesue oyle of roses violets or Mympheae Marasmus is not to bee cured and those that make their Marasmus brags that they cure consumptions doc much mistake for it is rather leannes and thinnes of body then any Hectick passion for euen as to poure oyle into a lampe where is no weeke nor match is nothing else but oleum operam perdere euen so in vaine doe wee striue to restore to nature that solid substance being by heate consumed taken away because that through nourishment a watry humor not an angry is rather supplyed to the sicke Patient Common remedies for maligne diseases and contagious vnder the example of the Pestilence THe Pestilence is a disease which De Tesie doth happen vnto many and hath his beginning from a pernicious vnusual putrifactiō which doth very much exceed the condition of vulgar putrifaction Sometimes this pernicious quality hath it begining in our selues for it happeneth that sometimes the humors I could wish that our common Gardeners about London might be inhibited from planting such multituds of Cabbages or at the least might be compelled to bury deep vnder ground their rotten stalks and leaues from whence ariseth a pestilent vapour and vnusuall putrifaction at the latter end of the yere of our bodie doth so much degenerate from the natural temperature that at the length it taketh vnto it self a pernitios venemos quality so is constrained to striue with deadly venoms Somtimes it ariseth frō outward means as malign putrified exhalations which are communicated to the aire sometimes from dead fennes pooles and standing waters corrupted such as is the waters in Moore fields at London where no man was wont to walke in the euenings for stench stinking channels venemous dens and mettalin spirits arising out of the earth often times also it happeneth from the variable commistion of the Planets and then it is the hidden and admirable scourge of the most iust God for our sinnes and then it is properly called the pestilence but when it hath hit beginning from other causes it is called Morbus malignus or Febris maligna those feuers that haue their originall from Venom are for the most part deadly but not pestilential because they are not contagious The part affected is the heart by Pars affect meanes of the pestilent aire which creepeth vnto the same by the lungs through necessity of respiration whereby the vitall spirits are assailed and the humidum radicale and solid substance cleane ouer throwne We must in the beginning resist the externall cause the aire is to be purged by fire both abroad in the house for that doth separate remoue the putrifaction many waies if it be prepared of sweete woods as of Iuniper it is more better doth more refresh the vitall spirits The vitall faculty it selfe is to be strengthned by cordials as well inward as outward the better to resist venom Rec. Conseruae buglos borrag an ℥ j. Corticis semenis citri an Dr. ij Diamargirits frioidi Alexiphar macon Troch scorūde Camphora an dr j Adde si vis boli armeni terrae sigillatae tantundē Rasurae Vnicornis smaragdt ambrae an gran ss cum syrupo conseruationis citri fiat opiata vel cum saccharo in aqua violarum Buglos scabiosae cardut benedicti soluto fiat electuarum per tabellas but if these things shail seeme too hot for the summer they may be temperated with adding of Roses violets and sanders for the poorer sort may suffise the rines and seeds of the citren cornu cerui zedoaria dictaminus angelica tormentill gentian taken the quantity of Drag j. in aquae cardui or borragini To the heart must be applied Sacculus fotus Epithemita the sacculus may be prepared with red roses violets flowres of buglosse the citren rine of their decoction or distilled waters may bee made fotus and with adding of cordiall powders may be framed an Epithema There are alwaies ready in the Apothecaries shops two Alexiteriās against al venoms and venemous diseases that is treacle mithridate the which our antients haue vsed with great profit as wel for preseruatiue as for expelling presēt sicknes they were wont to giue one Dr. by it selfe or else in some cordiall water and also to apply it outwardly in the forme of a Linament vpon the region of the heart with some mice of Lymons or mixed with some Cordiall conserues in the forme of an Emplaster Some learned men doe agree that the same cacochymia is to be diminished by some gentle purge which must be vsed with some cordial decoction as for example if choler be accended and a poison may seeme to possesse all the humours the signes shew presently a cholerick feuer although by reason of the same cacoethes and conioyned poyson it be increased we may say Rec. Radicis acetosae ℥ ss Scabiosae Cichorij Pimpinellae an M. j. Decoctio cordialis Sem. citri Cardui benedictian Drag ij Flor. cordialium an P. j. Fiat decoctio in colaturae ℥ iiij infunde Rhabarbari Dra. ij ss in expressione leui dissolue syrup rosarum Solutiui ℥ j. ss adde Camphorae grana quatuor fiat potus I dare not vse any stronger purge as Diaprunum solutinum and Electuarium Desucco rosarum least nature should be disturbed and therefore we must farre lesse vse Diacrydium or Antimoni Yet there be some Physitions that doe affirme that iiij or v. graines of Antimoni being infufed in some cordiall waters to haue been giuen with good successe In all Epidimicall diseases one doeth administer this medicine Rec. Diascordij Drag j. Syrup Delymonibus ℥ ss Aquae cardui benedict ℥ ij Spirit vitrioli gut 4. Misce fiat haustus Capiat fudet and so let him take ij Nota. or iij. of the same draughts if the feuer seeme to be a synochus and the patient haue a plethoricke body a veine may safely be opened but if it be but an Ephemera or hecticke then at no hand must it be enterprised From hence aririseth that great