the Winter season we are troubled with the cold and moist aire and at the same time have much heate inwardly for the inner parts according to Hippocrates are naturally most hot in the Winter and the Spring but feaverish in Summer so the heat of Summer is to be tempered by the use of cold and moist things and much drinke In the temperate Spring all things must be moderate but in Autumne by little and little we must passe from our Summer to our Winter diet CHAP. XV. Of Motion and Rest HEre Physitians admonish us that by the name of Motion we must understand all sorts of exercises as walking leaping running riding playing at tennis carrying a burden and the like Friction or rubbing is of this kinde which in times past was in great use and esteeme neither at this day is it altogether neglected by Physitians They mention many kinds of it but they may be all reduced to three as one gentle another hard a third indifferent and that of the whole body or onely of some part thereof The friction is called hard which is made by the rough or strong pressure of the hands spunges or a course and new linnen cloth it drawes together condensates bindes and hardens the flesh yet if it bee often and long used at length it rarifies dissolves attenuates and diminishes the flesh and any other substance of the body and also it causeth revulsion and drawes the defluxion of humors from one part to another The gentle friction which is performed by the light rubbing of the hand and such like doth the contrarie as softens relaxes and makes the skinne smooth and unwrinckled yet unlesse it be long continued it doth none of these worthy to be spoken of The indifferent kinds consisting in the meane betwixt the other two increaseth the flesh swells or puffes up the habite of the body because it retaines the bloud and spirits which it drawes and suffers them not to be dissipated The benefit of exercise is great for it increases naturall heate whereby better digestion followes and by that meanes nourishment and the expulsion of the excrements and lastly a quicker motion of the spirits to performe their offices in the bodie all the wayes and passages being cleansed Besides it strengthens the respiration and the other actions of the body confirmes the habite and all the limbes of the body by the mutuall attrition of the one with the other whereby it comes to passe they are not so quickly wearied with labour Hence we see that Country people are not to be tired with labour If any will reape these benefits by exercise it is necessary that he take opportunity to beginne his exercise and that he seasonably desist from it not exercising himselfe violently and without discretion but at certaine times according to reason Wherefore the best time for exercise will be before meate that the appetite may be encreased by augmenting the naturall heate all the excrements being evacuated lest nature being hungry and empty doe draw and infuse the ill humors contained in the guts and other parts of the body into the whole habite the liver and other noble parts Neither is it fit presently after meate to runne into exercise left the crude humors and meats not well concocted be carried into the veines The measure and bounds of exercise must be when the body appeares more full the face lookes red sweat beginnes to breake forth we breathe more strongly and quicke and begin to grow weary if any continue exercise longer stifnesse and wearinesse assayles his joints and the body flowing with sweate suffers a losse of the spirituous and humid substance which is not easily repaired by which it becomes more cold and leane even to deformitie The qualitie of exercise which we require is in the midst of exercise so that the exercise must be nether too slow and idle neither too strong nor too weake neither too hasty nor remisse but which may move all the members alike Such exercise is very fit for sound bodies But if they be distempered that sort of exercise is to be made choise of which by the qualitie of its excesse may correct the distemper of the body and reduce it to a certaine mediocritie Wherefore such men as are stuffed with cold grosse and viscous humors shall hold that kinde of exercise most fit for them which is more laborious vehement strong and longer continued Yet so that they doe not enter into it before the first and second concoction which they may know by the yellownesse of their urine But let such as abound with thinne and cholericke humors chuse gentle exercises and such as are free from contention not expecting the finishing of the second concoction for the more acride heate of the solid parts delights in such halfe concocted juices which otherwise it would so burne up all the glutinous substance thereof being wasted that they could not be adjoyned or fastened to the parts For the repeating or renewing of exercise the body should bee so often exercised as there is a desire to eate For exercise stirres up and revives the heate which lies-buried and hid in the body For digestion cannot be well performed by a sluggish heate neither have we any benefit by the meate we eate unlesse wee use exercise before The last part of exercise begun and performed according to reason is named the ordering of the body which is performed by an indifferent rubbing and drying of the members that so the sweat breaking forth the filth of the body and such excrements lying under the skinne may be allured and drawne out and also that the members may be freed from stifnesse and wearinesse At this time it is commonly used by such as play at tennis But as many and great commodities arise from exercise conveniently begunne and performed so great harme proceeds of idlenesse for grosse and vicious juyces heaped up in the body commonly produce crudities obstructions stones both in the reines and bladder the Goute Apoplexie and a thousand other diseases CHAP. XVI Of Sleepe and Watching THat this our speech of Sleepe and Watching which we now intend may be more plaine we will briefely declare what commoditie or discommoditie they bring what time and what houre is convenient for both what the manner of lying must bee and the choise thereof what the dreames in sleeping and what paines or heavinesse and cheerefulnesse after sleepe may portend Sleepe is nothing else than the rest of the whole body and the cessation of the Animall facultie from sense and motion Sleepe is caused when the substance of the braine is possessed and after some sort overcome and dulled by a certaine vaporous sweete and delightsome humidity or when the spirits almost exhaust by performance of some labour cannot any longer sustaine the weight of the body but cause rest by a necessary consequence by which meanes nature may produce other from the
bee the forme of an emollient and humecting Bath â„ž Fol. Malvae Bis Malvae Pariet ana M. vj. Seminis Lini foenug ana lb. ss Coquantur in Aqua communi addendo Olei Lillior lb. viij Make a Bath Into which let the patient enter when it is warme When he shall come forth of the Bath let him be dried with warme Clothes or rest in his bed avoyding sweat But if the patient be able to undergoe the charge it will be good to ordaine a Bath of Milk or Oyle alone or of them equally mixt together CHAP. XI Of the cure of a Convulsion by sympathy and paine A Convulsion which is caused both by consent of paine and Communication of the affect is cured by remedies which are contrary to the dolorifique cause For thus if it proceede from a puncture or venemous bite the wound must be dilated and inlarged by cutting the skin that so the venenate matter may flow forth more freely for which purpose also Medicines which are of a thin and liquid consistence but of a drying and digestive faculty shall be powred in to call forth dissolve the virulency as Treacle Mithridate dissolved in Aqua vitae with a little of some Mercuriall powder for this is a noble Antidote Also cupping glasses and scarrifications will be good Lastly the condition of all dolorifique causes shall bee oppugned by the opposition of contrary remedies as if paine by reason of a pricked Nerve or Tendon shall cause a Convulsion it must presently be resisted by proper remedies as Oyle of Turpentine of Euphorbium mixt with Aqua vitae and also with other remedies appropriated to punctures of the Nerves If the paine proceede from excesse of cold because cold is hurtfull to the Braine the Spinall marrow and Nerves the patient shall bee placed in a hot aire such as that of a Hot-house or Stoave all the Spine of his back and Convulsed parts must be annoynted with the hot Liniments above mentioned For that is much better than suddenly to expose him from the conceaved convulcifique cause to a most hot fire or warme Bath In the meane time the Chirurgion must take diligent heede that as soone as the signes of the Convulsion to come or already present or at hand doe shew themselves that he put a sticke betweene the patients teeth least they bee fast locked by the pertinacious contraction of the Iawes for many in such a case have bit off their tongues for which purpose he shall bee provided of an instrument called Speculum Oris which may be dilated and contracted according to your mind by the meanes of a screw as the figures underneath demonstrate the one presenting it open and somewhat twined up and the other as it is shut The Figure of a Speculum Oris to open the teeth when they are locked or held fast together CHAP. XII Of the Palsie THe Palsie is the resolving or mollification of the Nerves with privation of sense and motion not truly of the whole body but of the one part therof as of the right or left side And such is properly named the Palsie for otherwise and lesse properly the resolution of some one member is also called the Palsie For when the whole body is resolved it is an Apoplexy Therfore the Palsie sometimes takes halfe the body otherwhiles the uper parts which are betweene the navell and the head otherwhiles the lower which are from the navell to the feet somtimes the tongue gullet bladder yard eyes and lastly any of the panicles of the body It differs from a Convulsion in its whole nature For in a Convulsion there is a contention and contraction of the part but in this a resolving and relaxation thereof besides it commonly happeneth that the sense is either abolished or very dull which usually remaines perfect in a Convulsion There are some which have a pricking and as it were great paine in the part The causes are internall or externall the internall are humors obstructing one of the ventricles of the braine or one side of the spinall marrow so that the Animall faculty the worker of sense and motion cannot by the Nerves come to the part to performe its action The external causes are a fall blow and the like injuries by which oft times the joynts are dislocated the spinall marrow wrested aside and constrictions and compressions of the Vertebrae arise which are causes that the Animall spirit cannot come to the Organes in its whole substance But it is easy by skill in Anatomy perfectly to understand by the resolved part the seat of the morbifique cause for when there is a Palsie properly so called that is when the right or left side is wholly feized upon then you may know that the obstruction is in the braine or spinall marrow but if the parts of the head being untoucht either of the sides being wholly resolved the fault remaines in the Originall of the spinall marrow if the armes bee taken with this disease we may certainly think that the matter of the disease lies hid in the 5. 6. and 7. Vertebra of the neck But if the lower members languish we must judge the Paralitick cause to be contained in the Vertebra of the loynes and holy bone Which thing the Chirurgion must diligently observe that he may alwaies have recourse to the originall of the disease The Palsie which proceedes from a Nerve cut or exceedingly bruised is incurable because the way to the part by that meanes is shut against the Animall spirit Old men scarce or never recover of the palsie because their native heat is languid and they are oppressed with abundance of excrementitious humors neither doth an inveterat palsie which hath long possest the part neither that which succeeds an Apoplexy yeeldus any better hope of cure It is good for a feaver to come upon a Palsie for it makes the dissipation of the resoloving and relaxing humor to be hoped for When the member affected with the palsie is much wasted and the opposite on the contrary much encreased in quantity heat and colour it is ill For this is a signe of the extreame weakenesse of the afflicted part which suffers it selfe to be defrauded of its nourishment all the provision flowing to the sound or opposite side CHAP. XIII Of the cure of the Palsie IN the cure of the Palsie we must not attempt any thing unlesse we have first used generall remedies diet and purging all which care lyeth upon the learned and prudent Physition The Decoction of Guaiacum is very fit for this purpose for it procures sweat and attenuates digests and drieth up all the humidity which relaxeth the nerves but when sweat doth not flow it shall not be unprofitable to put about the resolved members bricks heated red hot in the fire and quenchedin a decoction of Wine Vineger and resolving herbs or also stone bottles or Oxe and Swines bladders halfe filled with
ministered unto them of their owne accord and so came to themselves againe In the doing of all these things Iames Guillemeau Chirurgion unto the King and of Paris and Iohn of Saint Germanes the Apothecary did much helpe and further us In the afternoone that the matter being well begunne might have good successe Iohn Hautie and Lewis Thibaut both most learned Phisitions were sent for unto us with whom we might consult on other things that were to be done They highly commending all things that we had done already thought it very convenient that cordialls should be ministered unto them which by ingendering of laudable humors might not onely generate new spirits but also attenuate and purifie those that were grosse and cloudy in their bodies The rest of our consultation was spent in the enquirie of the cause of so dire a mischance For they sayd that it was no new or strange thing that men may be smothered with the fume and cloudy vapour of burning coales For we reade in the workes of Fulgosius Volateranus and Egnatius that as the Emperour Iovinian travelled in winter time toward Rome he being weary in his journey rested at a Village called Didastanes which divideth Bithynia from Galatia where he lay in a chamber that was newly made and plaistered with lime wherein they burnt many coales for to dry the worke or plaistering that was but as yet greene on the walls or roofe of the chamber Now he dyed the very same night being smothered or strangled with the deadly and poysonous vapour of the burned charcoale in the midst of the night this happened to him in the eighth moneth of his reigne the thirtyeth yeere of his age and on the twentyeth day of August But what neede we to exemplifie this matter by the ancient histories seeing that not many yeeres since three servants dyed in the house of Iohn Bigâ—ne goldsmith who dwelleth at the turning of the bridge of the Change by reason of a fire made of coales in a close chamber without a chimney where they lay And as concerning the causes these were alleaged Many were of opinion that it happened by the default of the vapour proceeding from the burned coales which being in a place voyd of all ayre or wind inferres such like accidents as the vapour of muste or new wine doth that is to say paine and giddinesse of the head For both these kindes of vapour besides that they are crude like unto those things whereof they come can also very suddainely obstruct the originall of the Nerves and so cause a convulsion by reason of the grossnesse of their substance For so Hippocratâ—s writing of those accidents that happen by the vapour of new wine speaketh If any man being drunken doe suddainely become speechlesse and hath a convulsion he dyeth unlesse he have a feaver therewithall or if he recover not his speech againe when his drunkennesse is over Even on the same manner the vapour of the coales assaulting the braine caused them to be speechlesse unmoveable and voyde of all sense and had dyed shortly unlesse by ministring and applying warme medicines into the mouth and to the nosethrells the grossnesse of the vapour had beene attenuated and the expulsive faculties mooved or provoked to expell all those things that were noysome and also although at the first sight the Lungs appeared to be greeved more than all the other parts by reason that they drew the maligne vapour into the body yet when you consider them well it will manifestly appeare that they are not greeved unlesse it be by the simpathy or affinity that they have with the braine when it is very greevously afflicted The proofe hereof is because presently after there followeth an interception or defect of the voyce sense and motion which accidents could not bee unlesse the beginning or originall of the nerves were intercepted or letted from performing its function being burthened by some matter contrary to nature And even as those that have an apoplexie doe not dye but for want of respiration yet without any offence of the Lungs even so these two young mens deathes were at hand by reason that their respiration or breathing was in a manner altogether intercepted not through any default of the Lungs but of the braine and nerves distributing sence and motion to the whole body and especially to the instruments of respiration Others contrariwise contended and sayd that there was no default in the braine but conjectured the interception of the vitall spirits letted or hindered from going up unto the braine from the heart by reason that the passages of the Lungs were stopped to be the occasion that sufficient matter could not be afforded for to perserve and feed the animall spirit Which was the cause that those young men were in danger of death for want of respiration without the which there can be no life For the heart being in such a case cannot deliver it selfe from the fuliginous vapour that encompasseth it by reason that the Lungs are obstructed by the grossnesse of the vapour of the coales whereby inspiration cannot well bee made for it is made by the compassing ayre drawne into our bodyes but the ayre that compasseth us doth that which nature endeavoureth to doe by inspiration for it moderateth the heate of the heart and therefore it ought to bee endued with foure qualities The first is that the quantity that is drawne into the body bee sufficient The second is that it be cold or temperate in quantity The third is that it be of a thinne and meane consistence The fourth is that it be of a gentle and benigne substance But these foure conditions were wanting in the ayre which these two young men drew into their bodyes being in a close chamber For first it was little in quantity by reason that small quantity that was contained in that little close chamber was partly consumed by the fire of coales no otherwise than the ayre that is conteined in a cupping glasse is consumed in a moment by the flame so soone as it is kindled Furthermore it was neither cold nor temperate but as it were enflamed with the burning fire of coales Thirdly it was more grosse in consistence than it should bee by reason of the admixtion of the grosser vapour of the coales for the nature of the ayre is so that it may bee soone altered and will very quickly receive the formes and impressions of those substances that are about it Lastly it was noysome and hurtfull in substance and altogether offensive to the aiery substance of our bodies For Charcoale are made of greene wood burnt in pits under ground and then extinguished with their owne fume or smoake as all Colliers can tell These were the opinions of most learned men although they were not altogether agreeable one unto another yet both of them depended on their proper reasons For this at least is manifest that those passages which are common to the breast and braine were
should be tinctured with any colour as those which should be the instruments of sight lest they might beguile us in seeing as Red and greene spectacles doe for that is true which wee have read written by the Philosopher That the Subject or matter appointed for the reception of any forme should want all impression thereof Hence Nature hath created a formelesse matter the humors of the eyes without colours waxe without any figure the minde without any particular knowledge of any thing that so they might be able to receive all manner of formes The figure of the Crystalline humor is round yet somwhat flatted on the foreside but yet more flatted behinde that so the objects might be the better retained in that as it were plane figure and that they might not fly backe as from a Globe or round body in which they could make but short stay lest it might be easily moved from its place by the force of any thing falling or hitting against it because that body which is exactly round touches not a plane body but onely in a point or pricke Halfe this humor swims in the Glassy humor that so it may be nourished from it by transposition of matter or rather seeing it is encompassed on every side with the fist coate that the matter cannot easily be sent from the one into the other by the benefit of the vessels produced even unto it as well by the Net-like coate as by the Grapye but it is filled with a bright spirit on the forepart which lyes next to the waterish humor and the space of the Apple of the eye Of which thing this is an argument that as long as a man remaines alive wee see the eye every way full and swollne but lanke and wrinkled when he is dead besides also one of the eyes being shut the Pupilla of the other is dilated by the spirit compelled to fly thither And also for the same cause the horny coate is wrinkled in very old men and the Pupilla is straitned by the wrinkles subsiding into themselves which is the cause that they see litle or not at all for by age and successe of time the humor is consumed by litle and litle the implanted spirit vanishes away and smaller quantitie of spirits now from the braine as from a fountaine which is also exhausted The Horny coate at his originall that is in the parts next the Iris seemeth to be very nigh the Crystalline Humor because all the coates in that place mutually cohere as touching one another but as it runnes further out to the Pupilla so it is further distant from the Cristalline Which you may easily perceive by Anatomicall dissection and the operation of touching or taking away a Catarrhact for whereas a Catarrhact is seated betweene the horny coate and Crystalline humor the needle thrust in is carried about upwards downewards and on every side through a large and free space neither touching the horny coate nor Crystalline humor by reason these bodies are severed by a good distance filled with spirit and a thin humor The use of it is that it may be like a looking glasse to the facultie of seeing carried thither with the visive spirit The third and last humor is the Vitreus the glassie or rather Albugineous humor called so because it is like molten glasse or the white of an Egge It is seated in the hind part of the Crystalline humor that so it may in some sort breake the violence of the spirit flowing from the braine into the Crystalline humour no otherwise than the watry humor is placed on the foreside of the Crystalline to hinder rhe violence of the light and colours entering that way This glassie humor is nourished by the net-like coate The figure of the eye Table 3. figure 1. sheweth the Membranes and humors of the eye by lines drawne after the manner of a true eye Figure 2. sheweth the horny coate with a portion of the Opticke Nerve Figure 3. sheweth the same divided by a transuerse section Figure 4. sheweth the Vvea or Grapy coate with a portion of the Opticke Nerve Figure 5. The Grapy coate of a mans eye Figure 6. The Horny Grapy and the Choroides Figure 7. The interior superficies of the Grapy coate Figure 8. The Posterior part of the horny coate together with the said Net coate separated from the Eye Figure 9. The coate of the vitreous or glassy humor called Hyaloides Figure 10. Three humors joyned together Figure 11. The forward part of the Christalline Figure 12 The Christalline humor covered yet with his coate Figure 14. The Christalline of a mans eye Figure 15 His Coate Fig. 16 The watery humor disposed upon the Christalline round about Fig. 17. The hairy processes beamingly sprinckled through the foreside of the coate of the glassy humor Fig. 18 The foreside of the glassy humor Fig. 19. The place of the watery humor Fig. 20. The glassy humor containeing or comprehending the Chrystalline The explication of the first Figure by it selfe a The Christalline humor b The Glassie humor c The watery humor d The utmost coate called Adnata e The darke part of the horny Tunicle which is not transparant f The Grapy coate called Vvea g The Net-like coate called Retiformis h The coate of the glassy humor cald Hyaloides i The coate of the Christalline k k The hairy processes cald Processus ciliares l The impression of the Grapy coate where it departeth from the thick coate m The horny coate a part of the thick coate n n The fat betwixt the Muscles o The optick Nerve p The Dura meninx q The Pia Mater or thin Meninx r r The Muscles The explication of the other 19. figures together a 2 4 8 The Optick Nerve b 2 4 The thin Meninx cloathing the Nerve c 2 3 The thick Meninx cloathing the nerve d 8. the posterior part of the horny coate e 8. The coate called Retina gathered together on an heape f 23. The rainebow of the eye g 2 3 The lesser circle of the eye or the pupilla h 2 3. Vessels dispersed through the Dura Meninx i 3 6 The grapy coate but i in the 3. Fig. sheweth how the vessels doe joyne the hard membrane with the grapy coate k 6. The horny or hard membrane turned over ll 3. 4 Certaine fibres and strings of vessels whereby the grapy coate is tyed to the horny m m 4 5. The impression of the grapy coate where it recedeth or departeth from the horny coate n n 4 5 6 7 The pupilla or apple of the eye o o 7 The Ciliar or hairie processes p 7 The beginning of the Grapic coate made of a thinne membrane dilated but p in the 17. figure sheweth the ciliar processes sprinckled through the fore part of the glassie humor r 9 The bosome or depression of the glassie humor receiveing the Christalline s 12. 15. The bredth of the coate of the Christalline t 12 13 14 16 The posterior
be performed by detergent and sarcoticke medicines adding to the former oyntments mettalline pouders when the present necessitie shall seeme so to requre But wee cannot justly say in what proportion and quantity each of these may be mixed by reason of that variety which is in the temper and consistence of bodyes and the stubbornesse and gentlenesse of diseases After a burne the scarre which remaineth is commonly rough unequall and ill favoured therefore wee will tell you in our treatise of the plague how it must be smoothed and made even I must not here omit to tell you that Gunpowder set on fire doth often so penetrate into the flesh not ulcerating nor taking off the skinne and so insinuate and throughly fasten it selfe into the flesh by its tenuity that it cannot be taken or drawne out thence by any remedyes no not by Phoenigmes nor vesicatoryes nor scarification nor ventoses nor hornes so that the prints thereof alwayes remaine no other-wise than the markes which the Barbarians burne in their slaves which cannot afterwards be taken away or destroyed by any Art CHAP. X. Of a Gangreene and Mortification CErtainely the maligne symptomes which happen upon wounds and the solutions of Continuity are many caused either by the ignorance or negligence of the Chirurgion or by the Patient or such as are about him or by the malignity and violence of the disease but there can happen no greater than a Gangreene as that which may cause the mortification and death of the part and oft times of the whole body wherefore I have thought good in this place to treate of a Gangreene first giving you the definition then shewing you the causes signes prognostickes lastly the manner of cure Now a Gangreene is a certaine disposition and way to the mortification of the part which it seaseth upon dying by little and little For when there is a perfect mortification it is called by the Greekes Sphacelos by the Latines Syderatio our countrymen terme it the fire of Saint Anthony or Saint Marcellus CHAP. XI Of the generall and particular causes of a Gangreene THe most generall cause of a Gangreene is when by the dissolution of the harmony and joynt temper of the foure first qualities the part is made unapt to receive the faculties the Naturall Vitall and Animall spirits by which it is nourished lives feeles and mooves For a part deprived by any chance of these as of the light languishes and presently dyes Now the particular causes are many and these either primitive or antecedent The primitive or externall are combustions caused by things either actually or potentially burning actually as by fire scalding oyle or water gunpowder fired and the like But potentially by acride medicines as Sublimate vitrioll potentiall cauteries and other things of the same nature for all these cause a great inflmmation in the part But the ambient ayre may cause great refrigerations and also a Gangreene which caused Hippocrates lib. de Aer to call great refrigerations of the braine Sphacelisme Therefore the unadvised and unfit application of cold and narcoticke things a fracture luxation and great confusion too strait bandages the biting of beasts especially of such as are venemous a puncture of the Nerves and Tendons the wounds of the nervous parts and joynts especially in bodyes which are plethorike and repleate with ill humors great wounds whereby the vessels which carry life are much cut whence an aneurisma and lastly many other causes which perturbe that harmony of the foure prime qualities which we formerly mentioned and so inferre a Gangreene CHAP. XII Of the Antecedent causes of a Gangreene NOw the antecedent or internall and corporeall causes of a Gangreene are plentifull and abundant defluxions of humors hot or cold falling into any part For seeing the faculty of the part is unapt and unable to sustaine and governe such plenty of humors it comes to passe that the native heate of the part is suffocated and extinct for want of transpiration For the Arteries are hereby so shut or pent up in a strait that they cannot performe their motions of contraction and dilatation by which their native heate is preserved and tempered But then the Gangreene is chiefely uncureable when the influxe of humours first takes hold of the bones and inflammation hath its beginning from them For in the opinion of Galen all these kind of affects which may befall the flesh are also incident to the bones Neyther onely a Phlegmon or inflammation but also a rottennesse and corruption doth oft times first invade and beginne at the bones for thus you may see many who are troubled with the Leprosie and French disease to have their skinne and flesh whole and faire to looke on whose bones notwithstanding are corrupt and rotten and oft times are much decayed in their proper substance This mischiefe is caused by a venemous matter whose occult quality wee can scarse expresse by any other name than poyson inwardly generated Oft times also there is a certaine acrid and stinking filth generated in flesh with a maligne and old ulcer with which if the bones chance to bee moystned they become foule and at length mortified of which this saying of Hippocrates is extant Vlcers of a yeares continuance or longer must necessarily foule the bone and make the scarres hollow Whither also belongs this saying of the same party An Erysipelas is ill in the laying bare of a bone But this flowing venenate and gangrenous matter is somewhiles hot as in pestilent Carbuncles which in the space of foure and twenty houres by causing an escharre bring the part to mortification otherwhiles cold as wee see it divers times happens in parts which are possest with a Gangreene no paine tumor blacknesse nor any other precedent signe of a Gangreene going before For Iohn de Vigo saith that happened to a certaine gentlewoman of Genoa under his cure I remember the same happened to a certaine man in Paris who supping merrily and without any sense of paine went to bed and suddainly on the night time a Gangreene seazed on both his legges caused a mortification without tumor without inflammation onely his legges were in some places spred over with livid blacke and greene spots the rest of the substance retaining his native colour yet the sence of these parts was quite dead they felt cold to the touch and if you thrust your lancet into the skinne no blood came forth A Councell of Physitions being called they thought good to cut the skinne and flesh lying under it with many deepe scarifications which when I had done there came forth a little blacke thicke and as it were congealed blood wherefore this remedy as also diverse other prooved to no purpose for in conclusion a blackish colour comming into his face and the rest of his body he dyed franticke I leave it to the Readers judgement whether so speedy and suddainly cruell a mischiefe could
of the vessels An admonitioÌ„ The 4. way dy Escharoticks The 5. way by cutting off the vessels Paines weakens the body and causes defluxious Divers Anodines or medicines to asswage paine What a Convulsion is Three kinds of an universal Convulsion Three causes of a convulsion Causes of Repletion Causes of Inanition Aph. 26. sec 2. Causes of convulsion by consent of paine Signes of a convulsion The cause of a Convulsion by Repletion The cure of a Convulsion caused by inanition An Emolient Liniment for any Convulsion An Emolient and humecting Bath The cure of a Convulsion by a puncture or bite A worthy Alexâ—pharmacâ—… or Antidote You must hinder the locking of the teeth What a Palsie is The differences thereof How it differs from a Convulsion The causes It is good for a feaver to happen upon a Palsie The decoctioÌ„ of Guaiacumis good for a Palsie Things actually hotegood for to be applied to paraliticke meÌ„bera Leon. Faventi his ointment An approved ointment for the Palsie A distilled water good to wash them outwardly to drinke inwardly Exercises and frictions Chymicall oyles What Sowning is Three causes of sowning The cure of sowning caused by dissipation of spirits The cure of sowning caused by a venenate aire The cure of Sowning caused by oppression and obstruction What a Symptomaticall Delirium is The causes thereof Why the brain suffers with the midriffe The Cure The differences of a brokeÌ„ head The kinds of a broken Scul out of Hippocrates Differences from their quantity Differences from their figure From their complication The externall causes Rationall causes Aphor. 50. sec 6. Lib. 8 cap. 4. Hippocrates and Guidoes conjecturall fignes of a broken scull Sensible signes of a broken scull before the dividing of the skinne Lib. de vuluere cap. What a probe must be used in searching for a fracture Lib. 5. Epid. in Autonomus of Omsium Hipcrates was deceized by the futures Vpon what occasion the hairy sealpe must be cut Celsus Hippocrater The manner how to pull the hairiesealp from the broken scull The manner to binde a vessell in case of too much bleeding A History A way to finde a fracture in the scull when it presents not it selfe to the view at the first A signe that both the Tables are broken You may use the Trepan after the tenth day It it sufficient in a simple fissure to dilate it with your Scalpri onely and not to Trepan it What an Ecchymosis is How 〈◊〉 contusion of the scull must be cured What a contusion is What an Effracture is The causes of Effractures The cure Hip. lib. do â—ulâ— cap. Gal. sib 6. meth cap. 〈◊〉 A History What a seate is The cure Lib. 8. cap. 4. A History What a Resonitus is Lib. 6. cap. 90. In whom this fracture may take place in diverse bones of the scull A History The Resonitus may be in the same bone of the scull A History Why Hippocrates set dovvne no way to cure a Resonitus The manner to know when the scull is fractured by a Resonitus Gal. lib. 2. de comp medic cap. 6. Com. ad Aph. 58 sect 7. Lib. 5. Epidem The vessels of the braine broken by the commotion thereof signes Celsus The cause of vomiting when the head is wounded Aphor. 14 sect 7 A History What was the necessary cause of the death of King Henry the second of France A History A History Why some die of small wounds and others recover of great Hippoc. de vul cap. Whether the wounds of children or old people are better to heale Aph. 15. sect 1. Aphor. 65 sect 5 Aph. 47 sect 2. Wounds which are dry rough livide and black are evill The signes of a feaver caused by an Erysipelas Why an Erysipelas chiefely assailes the face The cure of an Erysipelas on the face Why oyly things must not be used in an Erysipelas of the face Aph. 25. sect 6 Deadly signes in wounds of the head A convulsion is caused by drynesse A twofold cause of convulsisieke drynesse Lib. 4. de usu partium Opinion of Champhius The signes of a deadly wound from the depraved faculties of the minde From habite of the body From the time that such signes appears Celsus lib. 8. câ— 4. When the patients are out of danger The patient must beware of cold How the ayre ought to be Aphor. 18. sect 〈◊〉 Lib. 2 de usâ— part ca. 2. The Aire though in summer is colder than the braine The discommodities of too much light What his drink must be Almonds encrease the paine of the head What fish he may eate Aphor 13. 14 sect 1. Aphor. 15 sect 2 Why sleepe upon the day-time is good for the braine being enflamed Lib. 2. Epidem The discommodities ensuing immoderate Watching Gal. Meth. 13. Medicinâ—s procuring sleepe The commodities of sleepe Lib. 4. Meth. Lib. de cur per sanguâ—… Miss The use of Fractures A History The two chiefe Indications in blood letting The discommoditis of venery in vvounds of the head Hovv hurtfull noyse is to the fractures of the scull A History Of a simple wound of the flesh and the skinne A degestive medicine A sarcoticke Medicine An Epuloticke A History What things we must observe in sovveing When we must not let blood in wounds A History The bitings of man and beasts are venenate Theriacall 〈…〉 picke Medicines A Cordiall Epithema The cure of the Hairy scalpe when it is contused A repelling medicine A discussing Fomentation Ceratum de Minio Detersive or clensing medicines Why the Pericranium hath such exquisite sense Gal. 6. Meth. The bones are offended with the application of humide things Lib. dei ulcer 〈◊〉 6. Math. Vigoes Cerate good for a broken scull A liniment good against convulsions Gal. 4. Meth. How farre humide things are good for a fractured scull Why Cephalicke or Catagmaticke pouders are good When to used How to be mixed when trey are to bee applyed to the Meninges Why a repelling Ligature cannot be used in fractures of the Scull How the patient must be placed when you Trepan him What to be done before the application of the Trepan The harme the bone receives by being heated with the Trepan What things hasten these ailing of the bone The bone must not be forcibly scailed A caution in Trepaning A safe and convenient Trepan The use of a Leaden Mallet Why a Trepan must not be applyed to the sutures Why two Trepans are to be used to a fractured suture A bone almost severed from the scull must not be Trepaned A notable cavitie in the forehead bone Lib. de â—ul câ— A rule out of Hippocrates What discommodities arise from cutting the temporall muscle A history A history The generation of a Fungus Why when the scull is broken the bones sometimes become foule or rotten The signes of foulenesse of the bone Corrupt bones are sometimes hard The benefit of a vulnerary potion A History A great falling away of a corrupt bone Aph. 45. Sect. 6 The cevetous
Spirits Therefore now wee must speake of the Spirits CHAP. X. Of the Spirits THe spirit is a subtile and Aery substance raised from the purer blood that it might be a vehicle for the faculties by whose power the whole body is governed to all the parts and the prime instrument for the performance of their office For they being destitute of its sweet approch doe presently cease from action and as dead do rest from their accustomed labours From hence it is that making a variety of Spirits according to the number of the faculties they have divided them into three as one Animall another Vitall another Naturall The Animall hath taken his seate in the braine for there it is prepared and made that from thence conveyed by the Nerves is may impart the power of sence and Motion to all the rest of the members An argument heereof is that in the great Cold of Winter whether by the intercepting them in their way or by the concretion or as it were freezing of those spirits the joynts grow stiffe the hands numme and all the other parts are dull destitute of their accustomed a gillity of motion and quicknesse of sense It is called Animall not because it is the Life but the cheife and prime instrument thereof wherfore it hath a most subtile and Aery substance and enjoyes divers names according to the various condition of the Sensoryes or seates of the senses into which it enters for that which causeth the sight is named the Visive you may see this by night rubbing your eyes as sparkling like fire That which is conveyed to the Auditorie passage is called the Auditive or Hearing That which is carried to the Instruments of Touching is termed the Tactive and so of the rest This Animall spirit is made and laboured in the windings and foldings of the veines and Arteryes of the braine of an exquisite subtile portion of the vitall brought thither by the Carotidae Arteriae or sleepy Arteryes and sometimes also of the pure aire or sweete vapour drawne in by the Nose in breathing Hence it is that with Ligatures we stoppe the passage of this spirit from the parts we intend to cut off An Humor which obstructs or stopps its passage doth the like in Apoplexies and Palsies whereby it happens that the members scituate under that place doe languish and seeme dead sometimes destitute of motion sometimes wanting both sence and motion The Vitall spirit is next to it in dignitie and excellency which hath its cheife mansion in the left ventricle of the Heart from whence through the Channells of the Arteryes it flowes into the whole body to nourish the heate which resides fixed in the substance of each part which would perish in short time unlesse it should be refreshed by heat flowing thither together with the spirit And because it is the most subtile next to the Animall Nature lest it should vanish away would have it conteined in the Nervous coat of an Artery which is five time more thicke than the Coate of the veines as Galen out of Herophilus hath recorded It is furnished with matter from the subtile exhalation of the blood and that aire which we draw in breathing Wherefore it doth easily and quickly perish by immoderate dissipations of the spirituous substance and great evacuations so it is easily corrupted by the putrifaction of Humors or breathing in of pestilent aire and filthy vapours which thing is the cause of the so suddaine death of those which are infected with the Plague This spirit is often hindred from entring into some part by reason of obstruction fulnesse or great inflammations whereby it followes that in a short space by reason of the decay of the fixed and inbred heat the parts doe easily fall into a Gangrene and become mortified The Naturall spirit if such there be any hath its station in the Liver and Veines It is more grosse and dull than the other and inferior to them in the dignitie of the Action and the excellencie of the use The use thereof is to helpe the concoction both of the whole body as also of each severall part and to carry blood and heate to them Besides those already mentioned there are other spirits fixed and implanted in the simular and prime parts of the body which also are naturall and Natives of the same place in which they are seated and placed And because they are also of an Aery and fiery nature they are so joyned or rather united to the Native heate that they can no more be separated from it than flame from heate wherefore they with these that flow to them are the principall Instruments of the Actions which are performed in each severall part And these fixed spirits have their nourishment and maintenance from the radicall and first-bred moisture which is of an Aery and oyly substance and is as it were the foundation of these Spirits and the inbred heat Therefore without this moisture no man can live a moment But also the Cheife Instruments of life are these Spirits together with the native heate Wherefore this radicall Moisture being dissipated and wasted which is the seate fodder and nourishment of the Spirits and heate how can they any longer subsist and remaine Therefore the consumption of the naturall heate followeth the decay of this sweet and substance-making moisture and consequently death which happens by the dissipating and resolving of naturall heate But since then these kinde of Spirits with the naturall heate is conteined in the substance of each simular part of our body for otherwise it could not persist it must necessarily follow that there be as many kinds of fixed Spirits as of simular parts For because each part hath its proper temper and encrease it hath also its proper spirit and also it s owne proper fixed and implanted heat which heere hath its abode as well as its Originall Wherefore the spirit and heate which is seated in the bone is different from that which is impact into the substance of a Nerve Veine or such other simular part because the temper of these parts is different as also the mixture of the Elements from which they first arose and sprung up Neither is this contemplation of spirits of small account for in these consist all the force and efficacy of our Nature These being by any chance dissipated or wasted wee languish neither is any health to be hoped for the floure of life withering and decaying by litle and litle Which thing ought to make us more diligent to defend them against the continuall effluxe of the threefold substance For if they be decayed there is left no proper Indication of curing the disease so that we are often constrained all other care laid aside to betake our selves to the restoring and repayring the decayed powers Which is done by meats of good juyce easie to be concocted and distributed good Wines and fragrant smells
the three first those which they call the Extremities neither doe they teach to what rancke of the three prime parts each extremitie should be reduced From whence many difficulties happen in reading the writings of Anatomists for shunning whereof we will prosecute as wee have said that distinction of mans body which we have touched before Wherefore as wee said before mans body is devided into three principall and generall parts Animall Vitall and Naturall By the Animall parts wee understand not onely the parts pertaining to the head which are bounded with the crowne of the head the coller-bones and the first Vertebra of the breast but also the extremities because they are organs and instruments of the motive facultie 〈…〉 seemes to have confirmed the same where hee writes Those who have a thicke and great head have also great bones nerves and limbs And in another place hâ—â—â—aith those who have great heads and when they stoope shew a long necke such have all their parts large but chiefly the animal Not for that Hippocrates would therefore have the head the beginning and cause of the magnitude and greatnesse of the bones and the rest of the members but that he might shew the equallity and private-â—are or government of nature being most just and exact in the fabricke of mans body as if she hath well framed the head it should not be unlike that shee idlely or careleâ—…y neglected the other parts which are lesse seene I thought good to dilate this passage least any might abuse that authoritie of Hippocrates and gather from thence that not onely the bones membranes ligaments gristles and all the other animall parts but also the veines and arteries depend on the head as the originall But if any observe this our distinction of the parts of the body he will understand wee have a farre other meaning By the vitall parts we understand onely the heart arteries lungs winde-pipe and other particles annexed to these But by the naturall wee would have all those parts understood which are contained in the whole compasse of the Peritonaeum or Rim of the body and the processes of the Erythroides the second coate of the Testicles For as much as belongs to all the other parts which we call containing they must be reckoned in the number of the animall which notwithstanding we must thus devide into principall sensitive and motive and againe each of these in the manner following For first the principall is devided into the imaginative which is the first and upper part of the braine with its two ventricles and other annexed particles into the reasoning which is a part of the braine lying under the former and as it were the toppe thereof with its third ventricle Into the memorative which is the cerebellâ—… or afterbraine with a ventricle hollowed in its substance Secondly the sensitive is parted into the visive which is in the eyes the auditive in the eares the smelling in the nose the tasting in the tongue and palate the tactive or touching which is in the body but most exquisite in the skinne which invests the palmes of the hands Thirdly the motive is devided into the progressive which intimates the legges and the comprehensive which intimates the hands Lastly into simply motive which are three parts called bellies for the greatest part terminating and containing for the vitall the instrument of the faculty of the heart and dilatation of the arteries are the direct or streight fibers but of the constrictive the transverse but the three kinds of fibers together of the pulsificke or if you please you may devide them into parts serving for respiration as are the lungs and weazon and parts serving for vitall motion as are the heart and arteries furnished with these fibers which we formerly mentioned The devision of the naturall parts remaines which is into the nourishing auctive and generative which againe are distributed into attractive universall and particular retentive concoctive distributive assimulative expulsive The attractive as the gullet and upper orifice of the ventricule the retentive as the Pylorus or lower passage of the stomacke the concoctive as the body of the ventricle or its inner coate the distributive as the three small guts the expulsive as the three great guts we may say the same of the liver for that drawes by the mesaraicke and gate veines retaines by the narrow orifices of the veines dispersed through the substance thereof it concocts by its proper flesh distributes by the hollow veine expels by the spleene bladder of the gall and kidneies We also see the parts in the testicles devided into as many functions for they draw by the preparing vessels retaine by the varieous crooked passages in the same vessels they concoct the seed by the power of their proper substance and facultie they distribute by the ejaculatorie at the glandules called Prostata and the hornes of the wombe supplying the place of prostates Lastly they expell or cast forth by the prostates hornes and adjoyning parts For as much as belongs to the particular attraction retention concoction distribution assimulation of each part that depends of the particular temper and as they terme it occulte propertie of each similar and simple part Neither doe these particular actions differ from the universall but that the generall are performed by the assistance of the three sorts of fibers but the speciall by the severall occult propertie of their flesh arising from their temperature which we may call a specificke propertie Now in the composition of mans body nature principally aimes at three things The first is to create parts necessary for life as are the heart braine and liver The second to bring forth other for the better and more commodious living as the eyes nose eares armes and hands The third is for the propagation and renewing the species or kind as the privie parts testicles and wombe And this is my opinion of the true distinction of mans body furnished with so many parts for the performance of so many faculties which you if you please may approve of and follow If not you may follow the common and vulgar which is into three bellies or capacities the upper middle lower that is the head breast and lower belly and the limbs or joints In which by the head we doe not understand all the Animall parts but onely those which are from the crowne of the head to the first vertebra of the necke or to the first of the backe if according to the opinion of Galen Lib. de ossibus where he makes mention of Enarthrosis and Arthrodia we reckon the necke amongst the parts of the head By the brest whatsoever is contained from the coller bones to the ends of the true and bastard or short ribbs and the midriffe By the lower belly the rest of the trunke of the body from the ends of the ribbs to the share-bones by the limbs we understand the armes and legges We will follow
spirits so consequently the continuall nourisher of the vitall heate the first living and last dying which because it must have a naturall motion of it self was made of a dense solide and more compact substance than any other part of the body The flesh thereof is woven with three sorts of fibers for it hath the right in the inner part descending from the basis into the point that they might dilate it and so draw the blood from the hollow veine into the receptacles thereof and the breath or aire from the lungs by the Arteria venosa it hath the transverse without which passe through the right at right angles to contract the Heart and so drive the vitall spirits into the great Artery Aorta and the cholericke blood to the Lungs by the vena arteriosa for their nourishment It hath the oblique in the midst to containe the Aire and blood drawne thither by the forementioned vessels untill they be sufficiently claborate by the heart All these fibers doe their parts by contracting themselues towards their originall as the right from the point of the heart towards the basis whereby it comes to passe that by this contraction of the fibers the heart dilated becomes shorter but broader no otherwise than it is made more long and narrow by the contraction of the transverse but by the drawing of the oblique it is lessened in that part which lookes towards the vertebra's which chiefly appeares in the point thereof It is of an indifferent bignes but yet in some bigger in some lesse according to the diverse temper of Cold or hot men as wee noted in the liver The figure thereof is Pyramidall that is it is broader in the basis and narrower at his round point It is composed of the most dense flesh of all the body by the affusion of blood at the divisions and foldings of the vessels and there concrete as it happens also to the other Entrailes For the blood being there a litle more dryed than that which is concrete for the making of the Liver turnes into a fleshy substance more dense than the common flesh even as in hollow ulcers when they come to a cicatrize It hath the Coronall veines and arteryes which it receives either on the right side from the hollow veine or on the left from the basis at the entranc of the Artery Aorta You cannot by your Eye discerne that the Heart hath any other Nerves than those which come to it with the Pleura Yet I have plainely enough observed others in certaine beasts which have great Hearts as swine they appeared seated under the fat which covers the vessels and basis of the heart lest the humid substance of these parts should be dissolved and dissipated by the burning heat of the Heart Whereby you may perceive that the heat of the heart is different from the Elementary heat as that which suffers fat to grow about this Entraile where otherwise it doth not concrete unlesse by cold or a remisse heat which thing is chiefly worth admiration The Heart is one alone scituate most commonly upon the fourth Vertebra of the Chest which is in the midst of the Chest Yet some thinke that it inclines some-what to the left side because we there feele the motion or beating thereof but that happens by reason of its left ventricle which being it is filled with many spirits and the beginning of the arteryes it beats far more vehemently than the right It required that seat by the decree of Nature because that Region is the most safe and armed and besides it is here on every side covered as it were with the hands of the Lungs It hath connexion with the fore mentioned Vertebra's but by the parts composeing it with those parts from whence it hath them with the Lungs by the Vena arteriosa and the Arteria venosa and lastly with all the parts of the body by the Arteries which it sends to them all It is of a hot and moist temper as every fleshy part is The action thereof is first to prepare the blood in its right ventricle for the fit nourishment of the Lungs for from hence it is that Galen saith this right ventricle was made for the necessity of the lungs Secondly to generate the vitall spirits in its left ventricle for the use of the whole body But this spirit is nothing els than a certaine middle substance between aire and blood fit to preserve and carry the native heat wherefore it is named the vitall as being the author and preserver of life In the inner parts of the heart there present themselves to our consideration the ventricles and the parts contained in the ventricles and between them such are the Valvulae or valves the vessels and their mouthes their distribution into the lungs the wall or partition and the two productions or Eares of the heart which because they are doubtfull whether they may be reckoned amongst the externall or internall parts of the heart I will here handle in the first place Therefore these Auriculae or Eares are of a soft and nervous substance compact of three sorts of fibers that so by their softnesse they might the more easily follow the motions of the heart and so breake the violence of the matters entring the heart with great force when it is dilated For otherwise by their violent and abundant entrance they might hurt the heart and as it were overwhelme and suffocate it but they have that capacity which we see given by nature that so they might as it were keep in store the blood and aire and then by litle and litle draw it forth for the use or necessity of the heart But if any enquire if such matters may be drawne into the heart by the only force of the Diastole ad fugam vacui for avoiding of emptinesse I will answere that that drawing in or attraction is caused by the heat of the heart which continually drawes these matters to it no otherwise than a fire drawes the adjacent Aire and the flame of a candle the tallow which is about the weake for nourishments sake Whilest the heart is dilated it drawes the aire whilest it is drawne togeather or contracted it expells it This motion of the heart is absolutely naturall as the motion of the Lungs is animall Some adde a third cause of the attraction of the heart to wit the similitude of the whole substance But in my judgment this rather takes place in that attraction which is of blood by the venae coronales for the proper nourishment of the heart than in that which is performed for attraction of matters for the benefit of the whole body These eares differ in quantity for the right is far more capacious than the left because it was made to receive a greater aboundance of matter They are two in number on each side one scituate at the Basis of the heart The greater at
part of the Christalline humor which is sphericall or round u 11 14 20 The fore-part of the same Christalline depressed x 10 20. The amplitude of the glassie humor y 10 16 19. The amplitude of the watry humor z. 19 The place where the glassie humor is distinguished from the watry by the interposition of the Hyalaeides or coate of the glassie humor α10 16 The place where the grapâ—e coat swimmeth in the watrie humor β18 The cavitie or depression of the glassie humor which remaineth when the Christalline is exempted or taken from it δ 19. the cavitie or depression of the watrie humor made by the same meanes CHAP. VII Of the Nose THe Nose is called in Greeke Ris because the excrements of the Braine flow forth by this passage thou maiest understand it hath a divers substance by composition The quantity figure and site are sufficiently knowne to all But it is composed of the skinne and muscles bones gristles a membrane or coate nerveâ— veines and arteryes The skin and bones both contained and containing have formerly beene explained as also the nerves veines and arteries The gristles of the Nose are sixe in number the first is double seperating both the nose-thrils in the top of the nose extended even to the bone Ethmoides The second lyes under the former The third and fourth are continued to the two outward bones of the nose The fifth sixth being very slender and descending on both sides of the nose make the wings or moveable parts thereof Therefore the use of these gristles is that the nose moveable about the end thereof should be lesse obnoxious to externall injuryes as fractures bruses and besides more fit for drawing the aire in expelling it forth in breathing For nature for this purpose hath bestowed foure muscles upon the nose on each side two one within and another without The Externall taketh its originall from the cheeke and descending obliquely from thence and after some sort annexed to that which opens the upperlip is terminated into the wing of the nose which it dilates The internall going on the inner sider from the jaw bone ends at the beginning of the gristles that make the wings that so it may contract them The coate which inwardly invests the nose-thrils and their passages is produced by the sive-like bones from the Crassa meninn as the inner coate of the Palate throtle weazon Gullet and inner ventricle that it is no mervaile if the affects of such parts be quickly communicated with the braine This same coate on each side receives a portion of a nerve from the third conjugation through the hole which descends to the nose by the great corner of the eye The nose in all the parts thereof is of a cold and dry temper The Action and profit thereof is to carry the aire and oft times smells to the mammillary processes and from thence to the foure ventricles of the braine for the reasons formerly shewed But because the mammillary processes being the passages of the aire and smells are double for that one of these may be obstructed without the other therfore nature hath also distinguished the passage of the nose with a gristly partitioÌ„ put between that when the one is obstructed they aire by the other may enter into the braine for the generation and preservation of the animall spirit The two holes of the nose first ascend upwards and then downewards into the mouth by a crooked passage lest the cold aire or dust should be carryed into the lungs But the nose was parted into two passages as we see not onely for the forementioned cause but also for helping the respiration and vindicating the smell from externall injuryes and lastly for the ornament of the face CHAP. VIII Of the muscles of the face NOw we must describe the muscles of the face pertaining as well to the lips as to the lower jaw These are 18. in number on each side nine that is foure of the lips two of the upper and as many of the lower But there belong five to the lower jaw The first of the upper lip being the longer and narrower ariseing from the yoake-bone descends by the corner of the mouth to the lowerlip that so it may bring it to the upper lip and by that meanes shut the mouth The other being shorter and broader passing forth of the hollownes of the cheeke or upper jaw by which a portion of the nerves of the third conjugation descends to these two muscles and other parts of the face ends in the upper part of the same upper lip which it composes together with the fleshy pannicle and skin and it opens it by turning up the exteriour fibers towards the nose and shuts it by drawing the internall inwards towards the teeth The first of the lower lip being the longer and slenderer entring out of that region which is between the externall perforation of the upper jaw through which on the inner part of the same a nerve passeth forth to the same muscles and the muscle Masseter of which hereafter then ascending upwards by the corner of the mouth it ends in the upper lip that so it may draw it to the lower The other broader and shorter begins at the lower part of the Chin and the hollownes thereof and ends at the lower lip which it makes opening it within and without by its internall and externall fibers as we also said of its opposite And that I may speake in a word Nature hath framed three sorts of Muscles for the motion of the mouth of which some open the mouth others shut it and othersome wrest it and draw it awry but you must note that when the muscles of one kind joyntly performe their functions as the a upper which we described in the first place on each side one which draw the lower lip to the upper and the muscles opposite to them they make a right or straight motion but when either of them moves severally it moves obliquely as when we draw our mouth aside But these muscles are so fastened and fixed to the skin that they cannot be seperated so that it is no great matter whether you call it a musculous skin or a skinny muscle Which also takes place in the palmes of the hands and soles of the feet but these muscles move the lips the upper jaw being not moved at all CHAP. IX Of the Muscles of the lower Iaw WE have said these muscles are five in number that is foure vvhich shut it and one which opens it and these are alike on both sides The first and greater of these foure muscles vvhich shut the Iavv is called Crotophita or Temporall muscle it arises from the sides of the forehead and Bregms bones and adhering to the same and the stony bone it descends under the yoak-bone from vvhence it inserts it selfe to the processe of the lovver Iavv vvhich the Greeks call Corone that it may dravv
the Glandules of the groines 8 the eight of the thigh 9 the second of the legge 11 the innermost of the anckle 12 the sixth muscle of the foote his originall 13. end 14. 15 the seventh of the foote 16 the tendon of the muscle lifting up the great toe 17 the muscles extending the foure other toes 18 the abductor of the great toe 19 a transverse ligament 20 a tendon of the ninth muscle of the foote 21 the first muscle 22 the fourth muscle of the foote 23 the tendon of the third muscle 24. a muscle bending the third bone of the foure lesser toes THE SEVENTH BOOK Of Tumours against Nature in Generall CHAP. I. What a Tumour against Nature vulgarly called an Impostume is and what be the differences thereof AN Impostume commonly so called is an affect against nature composed and made of three kinds of diseases Distemperature ill Conformation and Solution of Continuitie concurring to the hindering or hurting of the Action An humor or any other matter answering in proportion to a humor abolishing weakening or depraving of the office or function of that part or body in which it resides causeth it The differences of Impostumes are commonly drawne from five things quantitie matter accidents the nature of the part which they affect or possesse and lastly their efficient causes I have thought good for the better understanding of them to describe them in this following Scheme A Table of the differences of Tumors The differences of Impostumes are drawne principally from five things that is from their quantity by reason whereof Impostumos are called Great which are comprehended under the generall name of Phlegmons which happen in the fleshy parts by Galen Lib de tumor contra naauram lib. 2 ad Glauconem Indifferent or of the middle sort as Fellons Small as those which Avicen calls Bothores i. Pushes and Pustules all kinde of Scabs and Leprosies and lastly all small breakings out from their accidents as Colour from whence Impostumes are named white red pale yellow blew or blacke and so of any other colour Paine hardnesse softnesse and such like from whence they are said to be painefull not painefull hard soft and so of the rest from the matter of which they are caused and made which is either Naturall or Hot and that either Sanguine from whence a true Phlegmon Cholerick from whence a true Erysipelas Cold that either PhlegmatiCk frō whence a true Oedema Melācolick frō whēce a perfect Scyrrhus Not naturall which hath exceeded the limits of its naturall goodnesse from whence illegitimate tumors therefore of a sanguine humor of a cholerick humor Carbunckles Gangrenes eating ulcers Sphaceles are caused Of the grosser the eating Herpes of the subtiler the Herpes miliaris is made Watery and flatulent Impostumes the Kings-evill knots all phlegmatick swellings excrescenses The exquisite or perfect Scyrrhus hardnesses and all sorts of cancerous Tumors of a phlegmatick humor of a melācholick humor From the condition and nature of the parts which they possesse from whence the Ophthalmia is a Phlegmon of the eyes Parotis a tumor neere the eares Paronychia or a whitlow at the roots of the nailes and so of the rest From the efficient causes or rather the manner of doing For some impostumes are said to be made by defluxions others by congestion those are commonly hot the other cōmonly cold as it shal more manifestly appeare by the following chapter CHAP. II. Of the generall causes of Tumors THere are two generall causes of Impostumes Fluxion and Congestion Defluxions are occasioned either by the part sending or receiving the part sending discharges it selfe of the humors because the expulsive fa◅ltie resident in that part is provoked to expell them moved thereto either by the troublesomenesse of their quantity or quality The part receiving drawes and receives occasion of heat paine weakenesse whether naturall or accidentall opennesse of the passages and lower situation The causes of heat in what part soever it be are commonly three as all immoderate motion under which frictions are also contained externall heat either from fire or sun and the use of acride meates and medicines The causes of paine are foure the first is a sodaine and violent invasion of some untemperate thing by meanes of the foure first qualities the second is solution of continuitie by a wound luxation fracture contusion or distention the third is the exquisit sense of the part for you feele no paine in cutting a bone or exposing it to cold or heate the fourth is the attention as it were of the animall faculty for the minde diverted from the actuall cause of paine is lesse troubled or sensible of it A part is weake either by its nature or by some accident by its nature as the Glandules and the Emunctories of the principall parts by accident as if some distemper bitter paine or great defluxion have seazed upon it and wearied it for so the strength is weakened and the passages dilated And the lownesse of site yeeks opportunity for the falling downe of humors The causes of congestion are two principally as the weakenesse of the concoctive facultie which resides in the part by which the assimulation into the substance of the part of the nourishment flowing to it is frustrated and the weakenesse of the expulsive faculty for whilest the part cannot expell superfluities their quantity continually encreases And thus oftentimes cold impostumes have their originall from a grosse and tough humor and so are more difficult to cure Lastly all the causes of Impostumes may be reduced to three that is the primitive or externall the antecedent or internall and the conjuncte or containing as we will hereafter treat more at large CHAP. III. The signes of Impostumes or Tumors in generall BEfore wee undertake the cure of Tumors it is expedient to know their kindes and differences which knowledge must be drawne from their proper signes the same way as in other diseases But because the proper and principall signes of tumors are drawne from the essence of the part they possesse we must first know the parts and then consider what their essence and composition are We are taught both by skill in Anatomy and the observation of the deprived function especially when the affected part is one of those which lie hid in the body for we know whether or no the externall parts are affected with a tumor against nature by comparing that with his naturall which is contrary For comparing the sound part with the diseased wee shall easily judge whether it be swollen or no. But because it is not sufficient for a Chirurgion onely to know these generall signes which are knowne even to the vulgar he must attentively observe such as are more proper and nere And these are drawne from the difference of the matter and humors of which the tumors consist For this Galen teaches that all differences of tumors arise from the nature
venery This manner of diet thus prescribed wee must come to the second scope that is the diversion of the defluxion which is performed by taking away its cause that is the fulnesse and illnesse of the humors Both which we may amend by purging and bloud letting if the strength and age of the patient permit But if the part receiving be weake it must be strengthened with those things which by their astriction amend the opennesse of the passages the violence of the humor being drawne away by cupping glasses frictions ligatures But if paine trouble the part which is often the occasion of defluxion it must be mitigated by medicines asswaging paine The third scope is to overcome the conjunct cause That we may attaine to this we must enter into the consideration of the tumor according to its times that is the beginning encrease state and declination For from hence the indications of variety of medicines must be drawne For in the beginning we use repercussives to drive away the matter of the Phlegmon flowing downe as the white of an Egge Oxicrate the juices or waters of Houseleeke Plantaine Roses Cataplasmes of Henbane Pomgranate Pills Balausties Bole armenicke Terra sigillata oile of Roses Quinces Mirtilles Poppies Of these simples variety of compound medicines arises This may be the forme of a Cataplasme â„ž far hordei â„¥ ij succi sempervivi plantag an â„¥ iij. pal malicorij balaustiorum rosar an Ê’ij â—l mirtill rosar an â„¥ j fiat Cataplasma Another â„ž Plantag solani hyoscyam an m. ij caâ—da equin tapsi barb cintinodia an m. j. coquantur perfecte in oxicrato pistentur traijciantur addendo pâ—lveris mirtill nue cupressi ros rub an Ê’iij farin fab â„¥ jj olei rosar cydâ—n a◠〈◊〉 mixe them and make a cataplasma to the forme of a liquid pultis And you may use this liniment by dipping linnen clothes in it and applying to the part â„ž ol nymph rosar an â„¥ iij aq ros solani plantag an â„¥ ij aceti â„¥ iij albumin ovâ—r um n. iij fiat linimentum Also ung rosatum â—ng Album camphor Rasis are good to apply to it as in like manner Emp. Diacalcitheos dissolved in vinegar and oile of Roses and also Populeon may be used In the increase you must have care of the humor flowing downe and of that which already impacted in the part did formerly fall down Therefore repercussives must be tempered mixed with discussing medicines but so that they may carry the chiefe sway as â„ž fol. malvae absinth plantag an m. iij coquantur in oxicratâ— contundantur trajectis adde farinae fabarum hordei an â„¥ j pul rosar rub Absinth an Ê’i ol rosar chamaem an â„¥ j fiat cataplasma od formam pultis satis liquidae Another â„ž farinae hord â„¥ iij. farinae sem lini fâ—nugroeci an â„¥ j. coquantur in aqua communi addendo sub finem pul mirtillorum rosarum chamaemeli an â„¥ ss axungiae anseris olei rosarum an â„¥ j misce fiat cataplasma But in the state the repercussives discussives ought to be alike with some anodine or mitigating medicines if it be painefull as â„ž rad Altheae â„¥ iiij malvae parietar an m. ij coquantur sub cineribus addendo farin fabarum lentium an â„¥ ij pulveris chamaem metiloti an â„¥ ss olei chamaem rosar an â„¥ j. axungiae gal â„¥ ij fiat cataplasma Another â„ž micae panis triticei aqua calida macerati lb ss pulveris rosar rub absiâ—th ana â„¥ vj. olei aneth mellis com an â„¥ ij misce omnia simul fiat cataplasma ad formam pultis satis liquidae which is of chiefe use when there is paine But when the violence of paine and other symptomes are asswaged it is likely that the plegmon is come to determination Wherefore then we must use more powerfull and strong discussives and onely then beginning with the more gentle lest the subtiler part of the humor being dissolved the grosser remaining in the part should grow hard as â„ž mal bismal an m. iij. coquantur addendo furinae hordei â„¥ ij mellis com â„¥ j ol chamae melilot an â„¥ ss fiat cataplasma Or â„ž radicum Brion Cucumer agrest an â„¥ ij florum chamam meliot ana m. iij. coquantur in hydromelite addendo farinâ— sem lini faenugraec an â„¥ ij ol aneth axungiae Anser anat an â„¥ j. fiat Cataplasma And this plaister following may here finde place â„ž Diachyl mag â„¥ ij Empl. de melilot Ê’j olei aneth chamaemel an â„¥ ss dissolve them all together and make a medicine for your use Or â„ž Empl. de mucag. oxycro an â„¥ ij Empl. Diachyl Ireat â„¥ j. olei liliorum chamaemel quantum satis est and make thereof a soft emplaister The fourth scope of curing a Phlegmon consists in correction of the accidents which accompany it of which paine is the principall Wherefore the Chirurgion must be diligent to asswage it for besides that it weakens the strength and debilitates and depraves the function it also causes defluxions by drawing the bloud and spirits to the part affected According to the varietie of paine there must be variety of medicines as â„ž micae panis albi in lacte tepido macerati lb ss vitell ovorum iij. ol rosar â„¥ ij croci ℈ ss fiat cataplasma Or â„ž florum chamaem melil an p. iij. farinae sem lini fenugraec an â„¥ j. fiat cataplasma pultis satis liquidae Or â„ž mucagin rad althea faenugraeci an â„¥ iij ol rosar aneth an â„¥ j. farin sem lini quantum satis ut iude formetur cataplasma satis molle But if the paine remaine and yeeld not to these remedies we must flie to stronger making use of narcoticks or flupifactives but with care lest we benum or dead the part as â„ž fol. hyoscyani papauer sub cineribus coctorum an â„¥ iij adipis suillae ol ros an â„¥ j croci ℈ ij fiat cataplasma or â„ž fol. cicutae solani furiosi an â„¥ iiij coquantur sub cineribus pistentur traijciantur addendo unguent popul ol rosar an â„¥ j farin faenugrac quantum satis erit ut inde formetur cataplasma ad formâ—m pultis liquidae CHAP. X. The cure of an ulcerated Phlegmon BVt it often happens that the humor is so impactin the part that it cannot be repressed and so grosse that it cannot be discussed which we may know by the greatnesse of the heat and swelling by the bitternesse of the pricking paine the feaver and pulsation and heavinesse Wherefore laying aside all hope of discussing wee must come to suppuratives For which purpose Galen sorments the swollen part with water or oile being warme or with both of them and then applies this following cataplasme â„ž farinae tric vel micae panis â„¥
yeares agon I being called to the cure of a very honest woman which was troubled with the same disease strongly withstood the Physitions and Chirurgions affirming it to be a Cancer for the tumor had taken no deepe roote the habite of the part was not changed from the native colour the veines about it were not fwollen neither was there any other convincing signe of a Cancer For this same woman had her courses at their due and usuall time and was well liking and had a good colour in her face and body was free from all sort of paine unlesse when you pressed downe the part affected Besides thenceforward the tumor grew not at all no other evill accident befell her yea verily shelives merrily and well both in body and minde CHAP. XXI Of a Ganglion more particularly so called THere are also certaine small tumors of the kinde of Lupiae or Wens which grow on diverse parts of the body but chiefely on the wrests of the hands and anckles of the feete being called by a more particular name Gangliâ— they appeare on the top of the skinne neither doe they ever lie deepe The cause of them is either the imbecilitie of a Nerve or Tendon got by wresting extension a blow labour or other such like cause Through which occasion the alimentary juyce which flowed to these parts seeing it can neither be concocted nor assimulated into the proper substance is converted into an humor of the like nature cold and grosse which in continuance of time heaping it selfe up by little and little about the fibers and the very substance of the tendon concretes into a tumor It is not fit to use any iron instrument to these Ganglia which possesse the tendons and joints but onely apply Ammoniacum and Galbanum dissolved in Vinegar and Aqua vitae as â„ž gummi ammon sagapeni in aqua vitae dissolutorum ana â„¥ j. coquantur super cineres calidos adformam emplastri sub finem adde sulphuris vivi subtiliter pulverisati â„¥ ss fiat empl ad usum Also the Emplaster of Vigo with double Mercury would be good for the same purpose The tumor softened by these remedies must be wrought rubbed or pressed so long untill the bladder or bagge be broken under your fingers which I have divers times done then it will be expedient presently to apply and binde hard thereuntoâ— plate of lead rubbed with Quicksilver which may waste and consume the remainder of the tumor Sometimes there are Ganglia seene hanging by a small roote as it were a string wherefore they must be tied with a string at the roote and every day twitched harder and harder till such time as they fall off The rest of the cure may be easily performed by the common rules of Art CHAP. XXII Of the Strumae or Scrophulae that is the Kings-Evill TThe Scrophulae are oedematous tumors arising in the glandulous parts as the breasts armeholes groines but chiefely in the glandules of the neck They appeare either one or many according to the quantity of that matter from whence they proceede commonly contained in their proper cyste or bagge as Atheromacs Steatomaees and Melicerides are They are made of a grosse cold viscide and phlegmaticke matter with some admixture of malancholy They differ from other glandulous tumors first in number for most usually there appeare many of them united together springing from some-what a deeper roote than glandulous tumors doe some of them are moveable othersome woven with the neighbouring nerves remaining unremoveable Gangliae appeare fewer in number and are without paine but Scrophulae oftentimes are painefull especially when they waxe hot by putrefaction so that sometimes they degenerate into cancerous ulcers not to be touched by instruments nor acride medicines Phlegmaticke Melancholike and gluttonous persons and such as are accustomed to feede on cold and moist nourishments as fish and cold water and leade a sedentarie and idle life are subject to the Scrophulae They are cured by a most slender diet for so the native heate by want of nourishment turned upon the materiall cause of such like tumors wasts it And they are cured by purging of the superfluous humors and also by application of emollient resolving and suppuratine topicke medicines after this following manner â„ž Mucaginis ulth. faenugr ficuum ping an â„¥ ij olei liliorum chamaem an â„¥ j pinguedinis anseris axungiae porct â„¥ ss Terebinth Ven. â„¥ iss ammoniaci galbani in aeceto dissolutorum an â„¥ j cerae novae quantum satis fiat cerotum secundum artem ad modum dâ—achyli magni The ointment for the French disease and the Emplaister of Vigo with Mercury are excellent for this purpose especially if we continue so long untill the Patient come to Salivation for so Nature will disburden it selfe of the humor generating the Scrophulae which I have sometimes tried with happy successe â„ž Emplastri diachyl alb mag cerotioesopi descriptionis Philagrij ana â„¥ ij Terebinth clarae â„¥ j oleililiorum param fiat emplastrum satis molle But if the Scrophulae cannot by this meanes be resolved but as it oft times happens tend to suppuration you must use suppuratives as â„ž rad alth liliorum an â„¥ iij. coquantur in aqua communi pistentur trajectis adde capitum alliorum sub cineribus coctorum â„¥ iij olei liliorum ping anseris anat an â„¥ iss farinae seminis lini quantum satis formetur cataplasma Here we must admonish the Chirurgion that he open not the Scrophulae before that all the contained humor be fully and perfectly turned into pus or matter other-wise the residue of the humor will remaine crude and will scarse in a long time be brought to maturation which precept must be principally observed in the Scrophulae and also sometimes in other abscesses which come to suppuration For we must not as soone as any portion of the contained humors appeares converted into pus procure and hasten the apertion For that portion of the suppurated humor causes the rest sooner to turne into pus which you may observe in inanimate bodies For fruits which begin to perish and rot unlesse we presently cut away the putrifying part the residue quickly becomes rotten there is also another reason The native heate is the efficient cause of suppuration it therefore the sore being opened diminished and weakened by reason of the dissipation of the spirits evacuated together with the humor will cause the remaining portion of the humor not to suppurate or that very hardly and with much difficulty Yet if the tumified part be subject by its owne nature to corruption and putrefaction as the fundament if the contained matter be maligne or criticall it will be farre better to hasten the apertion There is also another way of curing the Scrophulae which is performed by the hand For such as are in the necke and have no deepe roots by making
the same decoction for such heat which is actuall resuscitateth strengtheneth the heat of the part which in this disease is commonly very languid Then the Patient shall go into a Bathing-tub which is vailed or covered over just as we have described in our Treatise of Bathes that so he may receave the vapour of the following Decoction â„ž Fol. Salviae Lavend Lauri major Absinth Thym. Angelicae Rutae ana M. ss Florum Chamaem Melil Anethi Anthos ana P. ij Baccar Laur. Iuniper Conquassatar ana â„¥ j. Caryophyl Ê’ ij Aquae fontanae Vini albi ana lb. iv Let them be all put in the Vessell mentioned in the Treatise lately described for use The patient shall keepe himselfe in that Bathing-tub as long as his strength will give him leave then let him be put into his bed well covered where he shall sweat againe bee dried and rest Then let him be presently anointed with the following ointment which Leonellus Faventinus much commends â„ž Olei Laurini de Terebinth ana â„¥ iij. Olei Nardini petrolei ana â„¥ j Vini malvatici â„¥ iv Aqua vitae â„¥ ij Pyrethri Piperis Synap Granor. lunip Gummi hederae anacard Ladani puri an â„¥ j. ss Terantur misceantur omnia cum Olets Vino bulliant in vasi duplici usque ad Vini consumptionem facta forti expressione adde Galbani Bdillit Euphorbil Myrrhae Castorei adipis ursi Anatis Ciconiae an Ê’ij Make an ointment in forme of a liniment adding a little wax if need shall require Or you shall use the following remedy approved by many Physitions â„ž Myrrhae aloes Spicaenardi Sanguinis draconis thuris opopanacis Bdellii Carpobalsami amemi sarcocollae eroci mastio gumml arabici styrac liquidae ladani castorei ana â„¥ ij Moschi Ê’ j. aquae vitae â„¥ j. Terebinthinae venetae ad pondus omnium pulverabuntur pulverisanda gummi eliquabuntur cum aqua vitae aceti tantillo And let them all be put in fit vessels that they may be distilled in Balneo Mariae and let the spine of the back and paralytick limbes be anointed with the liquor which comes from thence I have often tried the force of this following Medicine â„ž rad Angel Ireos floren gentian cyperi ana â„¥ j. Calami aromat Cinam Caryophil nucis Mosch macis ana Ê’ ij Salviae major Iuae arthriticae Lavend rorism satureiae puleg. calament mentastri ana M. ss florum chamaem melil hyperic anthos staechad ana P. j. Concisa omnia contundantur in Aqua vit Vini malvat. an lb. ij infundantur And let them be distilled in Balneo Mariae like the former let the affected parts be moistened with the distilled liquor of which also you may give the patient a spoone full to drinke in the morning with some Sugar For thus the stomach will be heated and much phlegme contained therein as the fuell of this disease will be consumed You must also appoint exercises of the affected parts and frequent and hard frictions with hot linnen clothes that the native heat may be recalled and the excrements contained in the parts digested You may also use the Chymicall oyles of Rosemary Tyme Lavander Cloves Nutmegs and lastly of all spices the maner of extracting whereof we shall hereafter declare in a peculiar Treatise CHAP. XIV Of Sowning SOwning is a suddaine and pertinacious defect of all the powers but especially the Vitall In this the Patients lie without motion and sense so that the Ancients thought that it differed from death onely in continuance of time The cause of sowning which happens to those that are wounded is bleeding which causeth a dissipation of the spirits or feare which causeth a suddaine and joint retirement of the spirits to the heart Whence followes an intermission of the proper duty as also of the rest of the faculties whilest they being thus troubled are at a stand Also Sowning happens by a putrid and venenate vapour carried to the heart by the Arteries and to the Braine by the Nerves by which you may gather that all sowning happens by three causes The first is by dissipation of the spirits and native heat as in great bleeding And then by the oppression of these spirits by obstruction or compression as in a feare or tumult For thus the spirits fly back hastily from the surface and habit of the body unto the heart and center Lastly by corruption as in bodies filled with ill humors and in poysonous wounds The signes of Sowning are Palenes a dewy and sudden sweat arising the failing of the pulse a sudden falling of the body upon the ground without sense motion a coldnesse possessing the whole body so that the Patient may seeme rather dead than alive For many of these who fall into a sowne dye unlesse they have present helpe Therefore you shall helpe them if when they are ready to fall you sprinckle much cold water in their face if that the sowning happen by dissipation of the spirits or if they shall be set with their faces upwards upon a bed or on the ground as gently as may be and if you give them bread dipt in wine to hold and chew in their mouths But if it be caused by a putrid vapour and poysonous aire you shall give them a little Mithridat or Treacle in Aqua vitae with a spoone as I usually do to those which have the plague or any part affected with a Gangreene or sphacell But if the patients cannot be raised out of their sownes by reason of the pertinatious oppression and compression of the spirits about the heart you must give them all such things as have power to diffuse callforth and resuscitat the spirits such as are strong wines to drink sweet perfumes to smell You must call them by their owne name lowd in their eare and you must pluck them somewhat hard by the haires of the Temples and neck Also rub the temples nostrils wrests and palmes of the Hands with Aquavitae wherin Cloves Nutmegs and Ginger have beene steeped CHAP. XV. Of Delirium i. Raving Talking idly or Doting DOting or talking idly here is used for a symptome which commonly happeneth in feavers caused by a wound and inflammation and it is a perturbation of the phantasie and function of the mind not long induring Wherefore such a doting happens upon wounds by reason of vehement paine and a feaver when as the nervous parts as the joynts stomach and middriffe shall be violated For the Ancients did therefore call the Middriffe Phrenae because when this is hurt as if the mind it selfe were hurt a certaine phrensie ensues that is a perturbation of the Animall faculty which is imployed in ratiocination by reason of the community which the Diaphragma hath with the Braine by the nerves sent from the sixth Conjugation which are carried to the stomach Therefore doting happens by too much bleeding which
it hath not bin sufficiently explained why a convulsion in wounds of the head seazes on the part opposite to the blow Therefore I have thought good to end that controversie in this place My reason is this that kinde of Symptome happens in the sound part by reason of emptinesse and drynesse but there is a twofold cause and that wholy in the wounded part of this emptinesse and drynesse of the sound or opposite part to wit paine and the concourse of the spirits and humors thither by the occasion of the wound and by reason of the paines drawing and natures violently sending helpe to the afflicted part The sound part exhausted by this meanes both of the spirits and humors easily falls into a Convulsion For thus Galen writes God the creatour of nature hath so knit together the triple spirituous substance of our bodies with that tye and league of concord by the productions of the passages to wit of Nerves Veines and Arteries that if one of these forsake any part the rest presently neglect it whereby it languisheth and by little and little dyes through defect of nourishment But if any object that nature hath made the body double for this purpose that when one part is hurt the other remaining safe and sound might suffice for life and necessity but I say this axiome hath no truth in the vessells and passages of the body For it hath not every where doubled the vessels for there is but one onely veine appointed for the nourishment of the braine and the membranes thereof which is that they call the Torcular by which when the left part is wounded it may exhaust the nourishment of the right and sound part and though that occasion cause it to have a convulsion by too much drynesse Verily it is true that when in the opposite parts the muscles of one kinde are equall in magnitude strength and number the resolution of one part makes the convulsion of the other by accident but it is not so in the braine For the two parts of the braine the right and left each by its selfe performes that which belongs thereto without the consent conspiratiou or commerce of the opposite part for otherwise it should follow that the Palsie properly so called that is of halfe the body which happens by resolution caused either by mollification or obstruction residing in either part of the braine should inferre together with it a Convulsion of the opposite part Which notwithstanding dayly experience convinces as false Wherefore wee must certainely thinke that in wounds of the head wherein the braine is hurt that inanition and want of nourishment are the causes that the sound and opposite part suffers a convulsion Francis Dalechampius in his French Chirurgiry renders another reason of this question That saith he the truth of this proposition may stand firme and ratified we must suppose that the convulsion of the opposite part mentioned by Hippocrates doth then onely happen when by reason of the greatnesse of the inflammation in the hurt part of the braine which hath already inferred corruption and a Gangraene to the braine and membranes thereof and within a short time is ready to cause a sphacell in the scull so that the disease must be terminated by death for in this defined state of the disease and these conditions the sense and motion must necessarily perish in the affected part as we see it happens in other Gangraenes through the extinction of the native heate Besides the passages of the animall spirit must necessarily bee so obstructed by the greatnesse of such an inflammation or phlegmon that it cannot flow from thence to the parts of the same side lying there under and to the neighbouring parts of the braine and if it should flow thither it will be unprofitable to carry the strength and facultie of sense and motion as that which is infected and changed by admixture of putred and Gangraenous vapours Whereby it cometh to passe that the wounded part destitute of sense is not stirred up to expell that which would be troublesome to it if it had sense wherefore neither are the Nerves thence arising seased upon or contracted by a Convulsion It further more comes to passe that because these same nerves are deprived of the presence and comfort of the animall spirit and in like manner the parts of the same side drawing from thence their sense and motion are possessed with a palsie for a palsie is caused either by cutting or obstruction of a Nerve or the madefaction or mollification thereof by a thinne and watry humor or so affected by some vehement distemper that it cannot receive the Animall spirit But for the opposite part and the convulsion thereof it is knowne and granted by all that a convulsion is caused either by repletion which shortens the Nerves by distending them into bredth or by inanition when as the native and primitive heate of the Nerves being wasted their proper substance becomming dry is wrinckled up and contracted or else it proceedes from the vellication and acrimonie of some vapour or sanious and biting humor or from vehemencie of paine So wee have knowne the falling sicknesse caused by a venenate exhalation carried from the foote to the braine Also wee know that a convulsion is caused in the puncture of the Nerves when as any acride and sanious humor is shut up therein the orifice thereof being closed but in wounds of the Nerves when any Nerve is halfe cut there happens a convulsion by the bitternesse of the paine But verily in the opposite part there are manifestly two of these causes of a convulsion that is to say a putride and carionlike vapour exhaling from the hurt and Gangraenate part of the braine and also a virulent acride and biting Sauies or filth sweating into the opposite sound part from the affected and Gangraenous the malignitie of which Sanies Hippocrates desirous to decipher in reckoning up the deadly signes of a wounded head hath expressed it by the word Ichor and in his booke of fractures he hath called this humor Dacryodes et non Pyon that is weeping and not digested Therefore it is no mervaile if the opposite and sound part endewed with exquisite and perfect sense and offended by the flowing thereto of both the vaporours and sanious matter using its own force contend and labour as much as it can for the expulsion of that which is trouble somethereto This labouring or concussion is followed as we see in the falling sicknesse by a convulsion as that which is undertaken in vaine death being now at hand and nature over-ruled by the disease Thus saith Dalechampius must we in my judgement determine of that proposition of Hippocrates and Avicen But he addes further in wounds of the head which are not deadly practitioners observe that sometimes the hurt part is taken with the palsie and the sound with a convulsion otherwhiles on the contrary the wounded part is seazed by a
take heed of the over light chiefely untill such time as the most feared and maligne symptomes are past For a too great light dissipates the spirits encreases paine strengthens the feaver and symptomes Hippocrates wholy forbids wine therefore the patient in steed thereof must drinke Barly water faire water boyled and tempered with Iulep of Roses syrupe of Violets vinegar and the like water wherein bread crummes have beene steeped water and sugar with a little juyce of Lemons or pomecitron added thereto and such like as the abilitye and taste of the patient shall require Let him continue such drinkes until he be free from maligne symptomes which usually happen within foureteene dayes His meat shall be pappe ptisan shunning Almond milkes for Almonds are sayd to fill the head with vapours and cause paine stued damaske Prunes Raisons and Currance seasoned with sugar and a little cinamon which hath a wonderful power to comfort the stomack and revive and exhilarate the spirits Chickens Pidgeons Veale Kid Leverets birds of the fields Pheasons blacke-birds Turtles Partridges Thrushes Larkes and such like meates of good digestion boiled with lettuce purslaine sorrell borage buglosse succory endive and the like are thought very convenient in this case If he desire at any time to feed on these meates roasted he may only dipping them in verjuice in the acide juices of Oranges Citrons Lemons or Pomegranets sometimes in one and sometimes in another according to his taste and ability If any have a desire to eate fish he must make choyce of Troutes Gudgions Pikes and the like which live in running and cleare waters and not in muddy hee shall eschew all cold sallets and pulse because they flye up and trouble the head it will be convenient after meate to use common drige powder or Aniseed Fennell-seed or Coriander comfits also conserve of Roses or Marmilate of Quinces to shut up the orifice of the Ventricle lest the head should bee offended with vapoures arising from thence Children must eate often but sparingly for children cannot fast so long as those which are elder because their naturall heate is more strong wherefore they stand in neede of more nourishment so also in winter all sorts of people require more plentifull nourishment for that then their stomackes are more hot than in Summer When the foureteenth day is past if neither a feaver nor any thing else forbid hee may drinke wine moderately and by little and little encrease his dyet but that respectively to each ones nature strength and custome He shall shunne as much as in him lyes sleepe on the day time unlesse it happen that a Phlegmon seaze upon the braine or Meninges For in this case it will bee expedient to sleepe on the day time especially from morning till noone for in this season of the day as also in the spring blood is predominant in the body according to the opinion of Hippocrates For it is so vulgarly knowne that it need not be spoken that the blood when wee are awake is carryed into the habite and surface of the body but on the contrary by sleepe it is called into the noble parts the Heart and Liver Wherefore if that the blood by the force of the Sunne casting his beames upon the earth at his rising is carryed into the habite of the body should againe bee more and more diffused by the strength and motion of watching the inflammation in the braine and Meninges would be much encreased Wherefore it will bee better especially then to stay by sleepe the violence of the blood running into the habite of the body when it shall seeme to rage and more violently to affect that way Watching must in like manner be moderate for too much depraves the temper of the braine and of the habit of the whole body it causes crudities paines and heavinesse of the head and makes the wounds dry and maligne But if the patient cannot sleepe by reason of the vehemencie of the inflammation of the braine and Meninges Galen wishes to wash besmeare and annoint the head nose temples and eares with refrigerating and humecting things for these stupifie and make drowsie the Braine and membranes thereof being more hot than they ought to be Wherefore for this purpose let the temples bee anointed with Vnguentum populeon or Vnguentum Rosatum with a little rose vinegar or oxycrate Let a spunge moistened in the decoction of white or blacke poppie seed of the rinds of the rootes of Mandrages of the seedes of Henbane lettuce purslaine plantaine night-shade and the like He may also have a broath or barly creame into which you may put an emulsion made of the seedes of white poppye or let him have a potion made with â„¥ j. or â„¥ iss of the syrupe of poppie with â„¥ ij of lettuce water Let the patient use these things 4 houres after meate to procure sleepe For sleepe doth much helpe concoction it repaires the effluxe of the triple substance caused by watching aswageth paine refresheth the weary mitigates anger and sorrow restores the depraved reason so that for these respects it is absolutely necessary that the patient take his naturall rest If the patient shall bee plethoricke let the plenitude be lessened by blood-letting purging and a slender diet according to the discretion of the Phisition who shall oversee the cure But we must take heed of strong purgations in these kindes of wounds especially at the beginning lest the feaver inflammation paine and other such like symptomes be increased by stirring up the humors Phlebotomie according to Galens opinion must not onely be made respectively to the plenty of blood but also agreeable to the greatnesse of the present disease or that which is to come to divert and draw backe that humor which flowes downe by a way contrary to that which is impact in the part and which must be there evacuated or drawne to the next Wherefore for example if the right side of the head be wounded the Cephalicke veine of the right arme shall be opened unlesse a great Plethora or plenitude cause us to open the Basilica or Median yet if neither of them can be fitly opened the Basilica may bee opened although the body is not plethoricke The like course must be observed in wounds of the left side of the head for that is farre better by reason of the straightnesse of the fibers than to draw blood on the opposite side in performance whereof you must have diligent care of the strength of the patient still feeling his pulse unlesse a Physition be present to whose judgement you must then commit all that businesse For the pulse is in Galens opinion the certainest shewer of the strength Wherefore we must consider the changes and inequalities thereof for as soone as we finde it to become lesser and more slow when the fore-head beginnes to sweate a little when he feeles a paine at his heart when he is taken
begun by some long great and vehement or anger or some too violent labour which any of a slender and dry body hath performed in the hot sunne It is also oft time caused by an ulcer or inflammation of the Lungs an empyema of the Chest by any great and long continuing Phlegmon of the liver stomacke mesentery wombe kidneyes Bladder of the guts Iejunam and Colon and also of the other Guts of if the Phlegmon succeed some long Diarrhoea Lienteria or bloody flix whence a consumption of the whole body and at last a hecticke feaver the heate becomming more acride the moysture of the body being consumed This kinde of feaver as it is most easely to bee knowne so is it most difficulty to cure the pulse in this feaver is hard by reason of the drynesse of the Artery which is a solide part and it is weake by reason of the debility of the vitall faculty the substance of the heart being assaulted But it is little and frequent because of the distemper and heate of the heart which for that it cannot by reason of its weakenesse cause a great pulse to coole its selfe it labours by the oftennesse to supply that defect But for the pulse it is a proper signe of this feaver that one or two houres after meate the pulse feeles stronger than usuall and then also there is a more acride heate over all the patients body The heate of this flame lasts untill the nourishment bee distributed over all the patients body in which time the drynesse of the heart in some sort tempered and recreated by the appulse of moyst nourishment the heate increases no otherwise than lime which a little before seemed cold to the touch but sprinkled and moystned with water growes so hot as it smoakes and boyled up At other times there is a perpetuall equallity of heate and pulse in smallnesse faintnesse obscurity frequency and hardnesse without any excerbation so that the patient cannot thinke himselfe to have a feaver yea hee cannot complaine of any thing hee feeles no no paine which is another proper signe of an hecticke feaver The cause that the heate doth not shew its selfe is it doth not possesse the surface of the body that is the spirits and humours but lyes as buried in the earthy grossenesse of the solide parts Yet if you hold your hand somewhat you shall at length perceive the heate more acride and biting the way being opened thereto by the skinne rarifyed by the gentle touch of the warme and temperate hand Wherefore if at any time in these kinde of feavers the Patient feele any paine and perceive himselfe troubled with an inequality and excesse of heate it is a signe that the hecticke feaver is not simple but conjoyned with a putride feaver which causeth such inequality as the heate doth more or lesse seace upon matter subjecte to putrefaction for a hecticke feaver of its selfe is void of all equality unlesse it proceede from some externall cause as from meate Certainely if an Hippocratique face may be found in any disease it may in this by reason of the colliquation or wasting away the triple substance In the cure of this disease you must diligently observe with what affects it is entangled and whence it was caused Wherefore first you must know whether this feaver be a disease or else a symptome For if it be symptom aticall it cannot be cured as long as the disease the cause thereof remaines uncured as if an ulcer of the guts occasioned by a bloody flixe shall have caused it or else a fistulous ulcer in the Chest caused by some wound received on that part it will never admit of cure unlesse first the fistulous or dysenterick ulcer shall be cured because the disease feedes the symptomes as the cause the effect But if it be a simple and essentiall hecticke feaver for that it hath its essence consisting in an hot and dry distemper which is not fixed in the humors but in the solide parts all the counsell of the Physition must be to renue the body but not to purge it for onely the humors require purging and not the defaults of the solide parts Therefore the solide parts must bee refrigerated and humected which wee may doe by medicines taken inwardly and applyed out-wardly The things which may with good successe bee taken inwardly into the body for this purpose are medicinall nourishments For hence we shall finde more certaine and manifest good than from altering medicines that is wholly refrigerating and humecting without any manner of nourishment For by reason of that portion fit for nutriment which is therewith mixed they are drawne and carried more powerfully to the parts and also converted into their substance whereby it comes to passe that they doe not humect and coole them lightly and superficially like the medicines which have onely power to alter and change the body but they carry their qualities more throughly even into the innermost substance Of these things some are herbes as violets purssaine buglosse endive ducks-meat or water lentill mallowes especially when the belly shall be bound Some are fruits as gourds cowcumbers apples prunes raisons sweete almonds and fresh or new pine-apple kernells In the number of seedes are the foure greater and lesser cold seedes and these new for their native humidity the seedes of poppyes berberries quinces The floures of buglosse violets water lillies are also convenient of all these things let broth be made with a chicken to bee taken in the morning for eight or nine dayes after the first concoction For meates in the beginning of the disease when the faculties are not too much debilitated hee shall use such as nourish much and long though of hard digestion such as the extreame parts of beasts as the feete of Calves Hoggs feete not salted the flesh of a Tortois which hath lived so long in a garden as may suffice to digest the excrementitious humidity the flesh of white Snailes and such as have beene gathered in a vineyard of frogs river Crabs Eeles taken in cleere waters and welcooked hard egges eaten with the juice of Sorrell without spices Whitings and stockfish For al such things because they have a tough and glutiuons juice are easily put gluti nated to the parts of our body neither are they so easily dissipated by the feaverish heat But when the patient languisheth of a long hectick he must feede upon meats of easiy digestion and these boyled rather than roasted for boyled meats humect more and roasted more easily turne into choler Wherefore hee may use to eate Veale Kid Capon Pullet boyled with refrigerating and humecting hearbes hee may also use Barly creames Almond milkes as also bread crummed and moystened with rose water and boyled in a decoction of the foure cold seedes with sugar of roses for such a Panada cooles the liver and the habite of the whole body and nourisheth withall The Testicles wings
times of the disease the beginning encrease state and declination for each of these foure require their remedies Others are taken from the temperament of the patient so that no Chirurgion neede doubt that some medicines are fit for cholericke othersome for phlegmaticke bodyes Hither referre the indication taken from the age of the patient also it is drawn from his dyet for no man must prescribe any slender diet to one who is alwayes feeding as to him who is accustomed to cate but once or twise a day Hence it is that a dyet consisting onely of Panada's is more fit for Italians than for French men for we must give somewhat to custome which is as it were another nature Vocations and dayly exercises are referred to dyet for other things besit husband men and laboures whose flesh is dense and skin hardened by much labour than idle and delicate persons But of all other have diligent regard of that indication which is drawne from the strength of the patient for we must presently all else being neglected succour the fainting or decaying strength wherefore if it be needfull to cut off a member that is putrified the operation must bee deferred if the strength of the patient be so dejected that hee cannot have it performed without manifest danger of his life Also indication may be drawne from the encompassing ayre under which also is comprehended that which is taken from the season of the yeere region the state of the ayre and soyle and the particular condition of the present and lately by-past time Hence it is we reade in Guido that wounds of the head are cured with farre more difficulty at Paris than at Avignion where notwithstanding on the contrary the wounds of the legges are cured with more trouble than at Paris The cause is the ayre is cold and moyst at Paris which constitution seeing it is hurtfull to the braine and head it cannot but must be offensive to the wounds of these parts But the heate of the ambient ayre at Avignion attenuates and dissolves the humors and makes them flow from above downewards But if any object that experience contradicts this opinion of Guide say that wounds of the head are more frequently deadly in hot countries let him understand that this must not be attributed to the manifest naturall heate of the ayre but to a certaine maligne venenate humor or vapour dispersed through the ayre and raysed out of the Seas as you may easily observe in those places of France Italy which border upon the Mediterranean Sea An indication may also be drawne from the peculiar temper of the wounded parts for the musculous parts must be dressed after one and the bony parts after another manner The different sense of the parts indicates and requires the like variety of remedies for you shall not apply so acride medicines to the Nerves and Tendons as to the ligaments which are destitute of sense The like reason also for the dignity and function of the parts needefull for the preservation of life for oft times wounds of the braine or of some other of the naturall and vitall parts for this very reason that they are defixed in these parts divert the whole manner of the cure which is usually and generally performed in wounds Neither that without good cause for oft times from the condition of the parts we may certainely pronounce the whole successe of the disease for wounds which penetrate into the ventricles of the braine into the heart the large vessells the chest the nervous part of the midriffe the Liver ventricle small guts bladder if somewhat large are deadly as also these which light upon a joynt in a body repleate with ill humors as we have formerly noted Neither must you neglect that indication which is drawne from the situation of the part and the commerce it hath with the adjacent parts or from the figure thereof seeing that Galen himselfe would not have it neglected But wee must consider in taking these forementioned Indications whether there bee a composition or complication of the diseases for as there is one and that a simple indication of one that a simple disease so must the indication be various of a compound and complicate disease But there is observed to be a triple composition or complication of affects besides nature for either a disease is compounded with a disease as a wound or a phlegmon with a fracture of a bone or a disease with a cause as an ulcer with a defluxion or a disease with a symptome as a wound with paine or bleeding It sometimes comes to passe that these three the disease cause and symprome concurre in one case or affect In artificially handling of which we must follow Galens counsell who wishes in complicated and compounded affects that we resist the more urgent then let us withstand the cause of the disease and lastly that affect without which the rest cannot be cured Which counsell must well be observed for in this composure of affects which distracts the Empericke But on the contrary the rationall Physition hath a way prescribed in a few and these excellent words which if hee follow in his order of cure hee can scarse misse to heale the patient Symptomes truely as they are symptomes yeeld no indication of curing neither change the order of the cure for when the disease is healed the symptome vanishes as that which followes the disease as a shadow followes the body But symptomes doe often times so urge and presse that perverting the whole order of the cure we are forced to resist them in the first place as those which would otherwise encrease the disease Now all the formerly mentioned indications may be drawne to two heads the first is to restore the part to its native temper the other is that the blood offend not either in quantity or quality for when those two are present there is nothing which may hinder the repletion nor union of wounds or Vlcers CHAP. IX What remaines for the Chirurgion to doe in this kinde of wounds THe Chirurgion must first of all be skilfull and labour to asswage paine hinder defluxions prescribe a dyet in these sixe things we call Not naturall forbidding the use of hot and acrid things as also of wine for such attenuate the humors and make them more apt for defluxion Therefore at the first let his dyet be slender that so the course of the humors may bee diverted from the affected part for the stomacke being empty and not well filled drawes from the parts about it whereby it consequently followes that the utmost and remotest parts are at the length evacuated which is the cause that such as are wounded must keepe so spare a dyet for the next dayes following Venery is very pernitious for that it inflames the spirits and humors farre beyond other motions whereby it happens that the humors waxing hot are too plentifully carryed to the wounded
give him for lost content to have let him goe with prognosticks for as an ancient Doctor writes That as in Nature so in diseases there are also Monsters The end of the Twelfth Booke OF VLCERS FISTVLA'S AND Haemorrhoides THE THIRTEENTH BOOKE CHAP. I. Of the nature causes and differences of Vlcers HAving already handled and treated of the nature difference causes signes and cure of fresh and blood wounds reason order seeme to require that we now speake of Vlcers taking our beginning from the ambiguity of the name For according to Hippocrates the name of Vlcer most generally taken may signifie all or any solution of Continuity In which sense it is read that all paine is an Vlcer Generally for a wound and Vlcer properly so called as appeares by his Booke de Vlceribus Properly as when hee saith it is a signe of death when an Vlcer is dryed up through an Atrophia or defect of nourishment Wee have here determined to speake of an Vlcer in this last and proper signification And according thereto wee define an Vlcer to bee the solution of Continuity in a soft part and that not bloody but â—ordide and unpure flowing with quiâ—â—ure Sauies or any such like corruption associated with one or more affects against nature which hinder the healing and agglutination thereof or that we may give you it in fewer words according to Galens opinion An ulcer is a solution of Continuity caused by Erosion The causes of Vlcers are either internall or externall The internall are through the default of humors peccant in quality rather than in quantity or else in both and so making erosion in the skinne and softer parts by their acrimonie and malignitie Now these things happen eyther by naughty and irregular diet or by the ill disposition of the entrailes sending forth and emptying into the habite of the body this their ill disposure The externall causes are the excesse of cold seazing upon any part especially more remote from the fountaine of heate whence followes paine whereunto succeeds an attraction of humors and spirits into the part and the corruption of these so drawne thither by reason of the debility or extinction of the native heate in that part whence lastly ulceration proceeds In this number of externall causes may be ranged a stroake contusion the application of sharpe and acrid medicines as causticks burnes as also impure contagion as appeares by the virulent vlcers acquired by the filthy copulation or too familiar conversation of such as have the French disease How many and what the differences of Vlcers are you may see here described in this following Scheme A Table of the differences of Vlcers An Vlcer is an impure solution of continuity in a soft part flowing with filth and matter or other corruption whereof there are two chiefe differeÌ„ces for one Is simple and solitary without complication of any other affect against nature and this varies in differences either Proper which are usually drawne from three things to wit figur whence one Vlcer is called Round or circular Sinuous and variously spread Right or oblique Cornered as triangular Quantity that eyther according to their Length whence an Vlcer is long short in different Breadth whence an Vlcer is broad narrow indifferent Profundity whence an Vlcer is deepe superficiary indifferent Equalitie or inequality which consists In those differences of dimensions whereof we last treated I say in length breadth and profundity wherein they are either alike or of the same manner or else unlike and so of a different manner Or common and accidentall these drawne either From their time whence an Vlcer is tearmed new old of short or long cure and â—uration From their appearance whence one is called an apparent Vlcer another a hidden and occult Vlcer From their manner of generation as if it be made by a heavy brusing cutting pricking or corroding thing whence a cut torne and mixt Vlcer From their site whence an Vlcer before behind above below in the head taile or belly of a Muscle From that part it seazes upon whence an vlcer in the flesh and skin or feeding upon the gristles or bones such as these of the nose the palate of the mouth and eares From other common accidents whence a Telephian Vlcer that is such an Vlcer as Telephus had A Chironian which needs the hand and art of Chiron A Canckrous which resembles a Cancer Is compound and many and various wayes complicated as With the cause whence an Vlcer Is Cacochymicke Catarrhoicke or venenate that is with a Cachochymia or Repletion of ill humors a Catarrhe or poison cherishes or feeds With the disease as from Distemper whether simple or compound whence an Vlcer is Hot. Cold. Day Mâ—…st Mixt. Swelling or Tumor whence a Phlegmonous Erysipelous Oedematous Scirrhous Cancrous Vlcer Solution of continuitie or any other discommoditie whence a rough callous fistulous cavernous sinuous Vlcer with luxation facture c. With the Symptome whence According eating painefull sordid and virulent Vlcer With the cause and disease With the cause and Symptome Examples whereof may be taken from that we have formerly delivered With the disease and Symptome With the cause disease and Symptome CHAP. II. Oâ— the signes of Vlcers THere are various signes of Vlcers according to their differences For it is the signe of a putride Vlcer if it exhale a noy some grievous stinking and carion-like vapour together with filthy matter An eating Vlcer is knowne by the eating in hollownesse and wearing away of the part wherein it resides together with the adjoyning parts A sordide Vlcer may be knowne by the grossenesse and viscidity of the excrements it sends forth and by the loose and spongy softnesse or the crusted inequality of the flesh which growes over it A cavernous Vlcer by the streghtnesse of the orifice and largenesse and deepenesse of the windings within A fistulous Vlcer if to the last mentioned signes there accrew a callous hardnesse of the lips or sides of the Vlcer A cancrous Vlcer is horrible to behold with the lips turned backe hard and swollne flowing with virulent and stincking corruption and sometimes also with bloody matter together with the swelling and lifting up of the adjacent veines An untemperate or as they terme it a distempered Vlcer is such as is nourished by some great distemper whether hot or cold moist or dry or compounded of these An ill naâ—â—red or maligne Vlcer is knowne by the difficulty of curing and rebellious contumacy to remedies appointed according to art and reason Wee know a catarrhous Vlcer if the matter which feeds it flow to it from some varices thereunto adjoyning or dilated swollne and broken-veines or from some entraile or from the whole body being ill affected An Apostumatous Vlcer is perceived by the presence of any tumor against nature whose kind may be found out by sight and handling Telephian Vlcers are such as affected Telephus and Chironian in whose
afflicted whilest it is forced to sustaine a tedious and painefull compression which at length brings a hot distemper because the spirits cannot freely flow thereto which I finding by experience not knowing the cause wished them ever now and then to lift up my heele wherby it might enjoy the benefit of perspiration and the spirits have free entrance thereinto the contained vapours passing forth To conclude my hurt legge was layd upon a cushion after the manner you see here described The figure of a Legge fractured with a wound and bound up CHAP. XXIV Of some things to be observed in Ligation when a fracture is associated with a wound THis taken out of the doctrine of the Ancients ought to bee kept firme and ratified That Ligation must bee made upon the wound otherwise the wounded part will presently lift it selfe up into a great tumor receiving the humors pressed thither by the force of the Ligation made on this and that side above and bolow whence ensue many maligne symptomes You may make triall hereof upon a sound fleshie part for if you binde it above and below not touching that which is in the midst it will be lifted up into a great tumor and change the flourishing and native colour into a livide or blackish hue by reason of the flowing and abundance of the humors pressed forth on everie side from the neighbouring parts Therefore such things will happen much the rather in a wounded or ulcerated part But for this cause the ulcer will remaine unsuppurated and weeping crude and liquid sanies flowing there-hence like unto that which usually flowes from inflamed eyes Such sanies if it fall upon the bones and make any stay there it with the touch therof burnes and corrupts them and so much the more if they be rare and soft These will bee the signes of such corruption of the bones if a greater quantitie and that more filthie sanies flow from the ulcer than was accustomed or the nature of a simple ulcer requires if the lippes of the ulcer be inverted if the flesh be more soft and flaccid about them if a sorrowfull sense of a beating and also deepe paine torment the Patient by fitts if by searching with your Probe you perceive the bone to be spoyled of its periostium and lastly if you finde it scaily and rough or also if your Probe bee put downe some-what hard it runne into the substance of the bone But we have treated sufficiently hereof in our particular Treatise of the rottennesse of the bones But certainely such rottennesse will never happen to the bone if the hurt part be bound up as is fit and according to art Wherefore I judge it not amisse againe to admonish the Surgeon of this That as farre as the thing shall suffer hee make his rowlings upon the wound unlesse by chance there be such excessive paine and great inflammation that through occasion of such symptomes and accidents he be diverted from this proper and legitimate cure of the disease Therefore then because nothing more can be done let him only doe this which may be done without offence that is let him supply the defect of ligation and rowlers with a linnen cloth not too weake nor too much worne being twice or thrice doubled and which may serve to compasse the wound and neighbouring parts once about let him sew the edges thereof at the sides of the wound lest he be forced to stirre the fragments of the bones which once set ought to be kept unmoved as often as the wound comes to be dressed For broken bones doe not require such frequent dressing as wounds and ulcers doe By this it appeares that as want of binding and too much loosenesse in absence of paine and a Phlegmon so also too strait ligation when paine is present brings a Phlegmon and Abscesse to the wound Therefore let all things here according to the forementioned rules and circumstances be indifferent I have for this purpose thought good to reâ—terate these things because you shall as yet finde many who follow the practice of Paulus and make many circumvolutions here and there above and below the wound which presently they carrie crosse-wise But this crosse or lattice-like kinde of ligation is wholly to be disliked and that onely to be used which we have described according to the minde of Hippocrates Now it is time that I returne to the former historie of my mishap and declare what was done to me after that first dressing which I have formerly mentioned CHAP. XXV What was used to the Authors Legge after the first dressing I Being brought home to mine owne house in Paris in the after-noone they tooke from me out of the Basilica of the left arme some sixe ounces of blood And then at the second dressing the lippes or edges of the wound and places thereabout were annointed with unguentum rosatum which by a joynt consent of the Ancients is much commended in the beginnings of fractures for it will asswage paine and hinder inflammation by repelling the humors farre from the wounded part for it is cold astringent and repelling as the composition thereof shewes for it is made ex oleo omphacino aqua rosacea pauco aceto cera alba Therefore I used this oyntment for sixe dayes I dipped the compresses and rowlers somewhiles in oxycrate otherwhiles in thick and astringent red wine for the strengthning of the part and repressing the humors which two things wee must have a care of in Hippocrates opinion in fractures especially with a wound Wherfore if at any time the compresses or rowlers seemed to dry I now and then moystened them with the oxycrate or rose vineger for by their too much drinesse paine and inflammation happen and if they binde the part somewhat more strait they hurt it also by their hardnesse You shall see many surgeons who in this kinde of affect from the beginning to the end use only astringent and emplastick medicines wholly contrary to the methode set down by Hippocrates and commended by Galen For by the continued use of such things the pores and breathing places of the skinne are shut up whence the fuliginous excrement being supprest the externall heat is increased and itching caused and at length an ulcer by the fretting of the acride and serous humor long supprest Whereby you may learne that astringent and emplastick medicines must not bee used above sixe daies In stead hereof you shall use the emplaisters which I shall presently describe In the beginning of my disease I used so spare a diet that for nine daies I ate nothing each day but twelve stewed prunes and sixe morsels of bread and dranke a Paris pinte of sugred water of which water this was the composition â„ž sacc albis â„¥ xii aquae font lb xii cinam Ê’ iii. bulliant simul secundum artem Otherwhiles I used syrup of maydens hair with boyled water Otherwhiles the divine drinke as
they terme it whereof this is the composition â„ž aquaecoctae lb. vi sacc albis â„¥ iiii succ lim â„¥ i. agitentur transvasentur saepius in vasis vitreis I was purged when neede required with a bole of Cassia with Rubarbe I used also suppositories of Castle soape to make me goe to stoole for if at any time I wanted due evacuation a preternaturall heat presently seized upon my kidneyes With this though exquisite manner of diet I could not prevaile but that a fever tooke mee upon the eleventh day of my disease and a defluxion which turned into an Abscesse long flowing with much matter I thinke the occasion hereof was some portion of the humor supprest in the bottome of the wound as also by too loose binding by reason that I could not endure just or more strait binding and lastly scales or shivers of bones quite broke off and therefore unapt to be agglutinated for these therefore putrefying drew by consent the proper nourishment of the part into putrefaction and by the putredinous heat thence arising did plentifully administer the materiall and efficient cause to the defluxion and inflammation I was moved to thinke they were scales severed from their bone by the thin and crude sanies flowing from the wound the much swolne sides of the wound and the more loose and spongie flesh thereabouts To these causes this also did accrew one night amongst the rest as I slept the muscles so contracted themselves by a violent motion that they drew my whole Legge upwards so that the bones by the vehemency of the convulsion were displaced and pressed the sides of the wound neyther could they be perfectly composed or set unlesse by a new extension and impulsion which was much more painefull to mee than the former My fever when it had lasted with me seven dayes at length enjoyed a Crisis and end partly by the eruption of matter and partly by sweat flowing from me in a plenteous manner CHAP. XXVI What may be the cause of the convulsive twitching of broken members THis contraction and as it were convulsive twitching usually happens to fractured members in the time of sleepe I thinke the cause thereof is for that the native heat withdraws its selfe while we sleepe into the center of the body whereby it commeth to passe that the extreme parts grow colde In the meane while nature by its accustomed providence sends spirits to the suply of the hurt part But because they are not received of the part evill affected and unapt thereto they betake themselves together and suddenly according to their wonted celerity thither from whence they came the muscles follow their motion with the muscles the bones whereinto they are inserted are together drawne whereby it comes to passe that they are againe displaced and with great torment of paine fall from their former seate This contraction of the muscles is towards their originall CHAP. XXVII Certaine Documents concerning the parts whereon the Patient must necessarily rest whilest he lyes in his bed THose who have their Legge or the like bone broken because they are hindered by the bitternesse of paine and also wish for their cure or consolidation are forced to keep themselves without stirring and upon their backes in their beds for a long time together In the meane space the parts whereupon they must necessarily lye as the heele backe holy-bone rumpe the muscles of the broken thigh or legge remaine stretched forth and unmoveable set at libertie from their usuall functions Whereby it comes to passe that all their strength decayes and growes dull by little and little Moreover also by the suppression of the fuliginous and acride excrements and want of perspiration they grow preternaturally hote whence defluxion an abscesse and ulcer happen to them but principally to the holy-bone the rumpe and heele to the former for that they are defended with small store of flesh to the latter for that it is of more exquisite sense Now the ulcers of these parts are difficulty healed yea and oft-times they cause a gangrene in the flesh and a rottennesse and mortification in the bones there-under and for the most part a continued fever delirium convulsion and by that sympathie which generally accompanies such affects a hicketing For the heele and stomacke are two very nervous parts the latter in the whole bodie thereof and by a large portion of the nerves of the sixth conjugation but the other by the great tendon passing under it the which is produced by the meeting and as it were growing together of the three muscles of the calfe of the legge All which are deadly both by dissipation of the native heat by the feverish and that which is preternaturall as also by the infection of the noble parts whose use the life cannot want by carrion-like vapours When as I considered all these things with my selfe and become more skilfull by the example of others understood how dangerous they were I wished them now and then to lift my heele up out of the bed and taking hold of the rope which hung over my head I heaved up my selfe that so the parts pressed with continuall lying might transpire and be ventilated Moreover also I rested these parts upon a round cushion being open in the middle and stuffed with soft feathers and layd under my rumpe and heele that they might be refreshed by the benefit and gentle breathing of the ayre and I did oft-times apply linnen clothes spred over with unguentum rosatum for the asswaging of the paine and heat Besides also I devised a Casse of Lattin wherein the broken legge being layd is kept in its place farre more surely and certainely than by anie Junks and moreover also it may all be moved to and againe at the Patients pleasure This Casse will also hinder the heele from lying with all its bodie and weight upon the bed putting a soft and thicke boulster under the calfe in that place where the Casse is hollow besides also it armes and defends it against the falling downe and weight of the bed-clothes having a little arch made over and above of the same matter All which shall bee made manifest unto you by the following figure The figure of a Casse A A. Shew the bottome or belly of the Casse B B. The wings or sides to be opened and shut at pleasure C. The end of the wings whereto the sole or arch is fitted D D. The Arch. E E. The Sole F F. An open space whereat the heele hangs forth of the Casse Now it remaines that I tell you what remedies I applyed to the Abscesse which happened upon my wound When therefore I perceived an Abscesse to breed I composed a suppurative medicine of the yoalks of egges common oyle turpentine and a little wheat floure and I used it untill it was opened then to cleanse it I used this following remedie â„ž syrupi rosati terebinth venetae an â„¥ ii pulveris
Therefore universall medicines being premised cupping glasses shal be applyed to the originall of the spinall marrow and the shoulders as also cauteries or Setons the eye shall be pressed or held downe with clothes doubled and steeped in an astringent decoction made of the juice of Acacia red roses the leaves of poppy henbane roses and pomegranate pills of which things poultisses may bee made by addition of barly meale and the like There is sometimes to bee seene in the eye an affect contrary to this and it is termed Atrophia By this the whole substance of the eye growes lanke and decayes and the apple it selfe becomes much lesse But if the consumption and emaciation take hold of the pupill onely the Greekes by a peculiar name and different from the generall terme it a Phihisis as Paulus teacheth Contrary causes shall bee opposed to each affect hot and attractive fomentations shall be applyed frictions shall be used in the neighbouring parts and lastly all things shall be applyed which may without danger be used to attract the bloud and spirits into the parts There is another affect of the eye of affinity to the Proptosis which by the Greeks is termed Chemosis Now this is nothing else than when both the eye-lids are turned up by a great inflammation so that they can scarce cover the eyes and the white of the eye is lifted much higher up than the blacke Sometimes the Adnata changing his wont looketh red besides also this affect may take its originall from externall causes as a wound contusion and the like But according to the variety of the causes and the condition of the present affect fixed and remaining in the part divers remedies shall be appointed CHAP. XIV Of the Ungula or Web. THE Ungula Pterygion or Web is the growth of a certaine fibrous and membranous flesh upon the upper coate of the eye called Adnata arising more frequently in the bigger but sometimes in the lesser corner towards the temples When it is neglected it covers not onely the Adnata but also some portion of the Cornea and comming to the pupill it selfe hurts the sight thereof Such a Web sometimes adheres not at all to the Adnata but is onely stretched over it from the corners of the eye so that you may thrust a probe betweene it and the Adnata it is of severall colours somewhiles red somewhiles yellow somewhiles duekish other-whiles white It hath its originall either from externall causes as a blow fall and the like or from internall as the defluxion of humours into the eyes The Ungula which is inveterate and that hath acquired much thicknesse and breadth and besides doth difficultly adhere to the Adnata is difficultly taken away neither may it bee helped by medicines whereby scars in the eyes are extenuated But that which covereth the whole pupill must not bee touched by the Surgeon for being cut away the scar which is left by its density hindereth the entrance of objects to the cristalline humour and the egresse of the animall spirit to them But oftentimes it is accompanied with an inflammation of the eyes a burning itching weeping defluxion and swelling of the eye-lids That the cure may rightly and happily proceed hee must first use a spare diet purging medicines shall be given and bloud taken away by opening a veine especially if there be great inflammation For particular remedies this excrescence shall be eaten away or at least kept from growth by dropping into the eye collyrium of vitrioll described in wounds of the eyes But if that wee profit nothing by this meanes it remaineth that wee take it away with the hand after the following manner You shall set the patient upon a forme or stoole and make him leane much backe and be so held firmely that he may not fall nor stirre then must you open his sore eye putting therein the speculum oculi formerly described in treating of the wounds of this part and then must you lift up the Web it selfe with a sharpe little hook with the point turned a little in and put under the midst of the Web when you have lifted it a little up thrust a needle threaded with a smoth threed between it the Adnata then taking hold of the hooke and the two ends of the threed drawne through with the needle and lifting up the Web by them you shall gently begin to separate it from the substance of the eye lying there-under beginning at the originall thereof with a crooked incision knife and so prosecute it even to the end yet so as you hurt no part of the Adnata nor Cornea The figures of little hookes a needle and crooked incision knife Little Hookes A needle A crooked incision knife Then must it bee cut off with a paire sissers and the white of an egge beaten with some Rose-water laid thereon and often renewed Afterwards the eye must every day be opened lest comming to cicatrization the eye-lids shall be glewed together in that part whereas the Web is taken away which also shall bee hindred by putting of common salte sage and cummin seeds into the eye being first champed and chawed in the mouth There are some who in stead of the crooked knife separate the Web from the Adnata with a horses haire others do it with a goose quill made ready for the same purpose taking heed that they hurt not the caruncle at the corner by the nose for it will follow if that you draw the Web away too violently and if it be cut there will remain a hole through which during the rest of the life a weeping humour will continually flow a disease by the Greeks termed Rhyas If after the cutting there be fear of inflammation linnen rags moystned in repelling medicines formerly prescribed in wounds of the eye shall bee layd thereupon CHAP. XV. Of the Aegilops fistula lachrimosa or weeping Fistula of the eye AT the greater corner of the eye there is a glandule made for the receiving and contayning the moysture which serveth for the lubricating and humecting the eye least it should dry by continuall motion This Glandule sometimes by a sanguine or pituitous defluxion falling violently from the brain swels impostumates ulcerates with an ulcer not seldome degenerating into a fistula so that in successe of time it rotteth the bone that lyeth under it of such fistulaes some are open outwardly and these usually have their originall from a phlegmon other some are inwardly and those are such as at first swelled by the defluxion or congestion of a phlegmaticke matter so that there appeareth no hole outwardly but onely a tumor of the bignesse of a pease this tumor being pressed floweth with a sanious serous and red or otherwise with a white and viscide matter and that either by the corner of the eye or by the inside of the nose Some have this matter flowing continually others have it onely monethly which is proper
were swimming upon the watery humour and whereas the place ought to bee empty opposing it selfe to the internall faculty of seeing whereby it differeth from spots and scars growing upon the horny coate and Adnata It sometimes covereth the whole pupill otherwhiles but the one halfe thereof and somwhiles but a small portion thereof According to this variety the sight is either quite lost weake or somewhat depraved because the animall visive spirit cannot in its entire substance passe through the density thereof The defluxion of the humour whence it proceeds is either caused by an external occasion as a stroake fall or by the heat or coldnesse of the encompassing ayre troublesome to the head and eyes or else it is by an internall meanes as the multitude or else the acride hot and thin quality of the humours This disease also sometimes taketh its originall from grosse and fumid vapours sent from a crude stomacke or from vaporous meats or drinks up to the braine and so it falleth into the eyes where by the coldnesse straitnesse and tarrying in the place they turn into moysture and at length into that concretion or filme which wee see The signs may be easily drawne from that we have already delivered For when the cataract is formed and ripe it resembleth a certain thin membrane spred over the pupill and appeareth of a different colour according to the variety of the humour whereof it consisteth one while white another while blacke blew ash-coloured livid citrine greene It sometimes resembleth quicksilver which is very trembling and fugitive more than the rest At the first when it beginneth to breed they seeme to see many things as flyes flying up and downe haires nets and the like as if they were carelesly tossed up and down before their eyes sometimes every thing appeareth two and somewhiles lesse than they are because the visive spirit is hindered from passing to the objects by the density of the skin like as a cloud shadowing the light of the Sun Whence it is that the Patients are duller sighted about noone and surer and quicker sighted in the morning and evening for that the little visive spirit diffused through the aire is dispersed by the greater light but contracted by the lesse Now if this filme cover halfe the pupill then all things shew but by halfes but if the midst thereof bee covered and as it were the center of the Christalline humour then they seeme as if they had holes or windowes but if it cover it all then can hee see nothing at all but onely the shadowes of visible bodies and of the Sun Moone Stars lighted candles and the like luminous things and that but confusedly and as by conjecture CHAP. XX. The physicall cure of a beginning Cataract A Beginning Cataract is hindred from growing and concretion by diet conveniently and artificially prescribed by the abstinence from wine especially more strong and vaporous and forbearing the use of meates which yeeld a flegmaticke juice and vaporous as pease beanes turneps chesnuts and lastly all such things as have the faculty of stirring up the humours and causing defluxion in the body such as are all salt spiced meats as also garlike onions mustard The immoderate use of venery hurts more than all the rest for that it more violently exagitates the whole body weakens the braine and head and begets crude humours Let his bread be seasoned with some fennell seeds for it is thought to have a faculty of helping the fight and clearing the eyes and dissipating the misty vapours in the stomacke before they can ascend to the braine Wherefore by the same reason it is good to use marmelade of quinces conserve of roses and common drige powder or any such like composed of things good to break wind or corroborate the ventricle Phlebotomie and purging if they be requisite shall be fitly appointed Ventoses shall be applyed to the shoulders and necke the phlegmaticke matter shall be diverted and evacuated by the mouth with using masticatories in the morning There be some which believe that a beginning cataract may be dissipated and discussed by often rubbing the eye-lids with the fingers and in like sort by the often and earnest beholding of the Starres and the Moone when it is at the full looking-glasses diamonds and all other such like bright shining things I beleeve that by beames plentifully and suddenly brought and diffused over the eye directly opposite against some bright shining thing it may seeme to have a penetrating dividing dissolving as also a consuming and drying faculty Besides also the hot breath of him who holdeth in his mouth and chaweth fennell seeds aniseeds coriander-seeds nutmeg cinamon cloves and the like hath a great faculty the eyes being first gently rubbed with the finger it being breathed in neare at hand and often received to heat attenuate resolve digest and diffuse the humour which is ready to concrete Moreover this collyrium of John Vigo is thought very powerfull to cleare the eyes strengthen the sight hinder suffusions and discusse them if at any time they concrete and beginne to gather ℞ hepatis hircini sani recentis lib. ii calami aromatici mellis an ℥ 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 succiruta ʒiii aquae chelidoniae faniculi verbenia cuphosiae an ʒiii piperis longi nucis moschatae caryophyllorum an ʒii croci ℈ ii floris rorismarini aliquantum contriti m. 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 sarcocolla aloës hepaticae an ʒiii fellis raiae leporis perdicis an 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 i. terantur omnia tritisque adde sacchari albi ℥ ii rosatiʒvi conjiciantur in alembicum vitreum distillentur in balnco Mariae Let this distilled liquor bee often dropped into the eyes But if you prevaile nothing by all these medicines and that the cloudy and heaped up humour doth daily encrease and thicken then must you abstaine from remedies and expect untill it bee no more heaped up but thickned yea untill it seeme to be growne somewhat hard For so at length it may bee couched with a needle otherwise if this same skin shall not be ripe but more tender than is fitting when you shall come to the operation it will be broken and thrust through with the needle and not couched On the contrary if it bee too hard it will resist the needle neither will it suffer it selfe to bee easily couched Wherefore it is requisite that the Surgeon know when it is ripe and he must diligently observe the signes whereby he may discerne a ripe Cataract from an unripe and that which is cureable from that which is uncurable For that only which is ripe and curable is to be couched that which is unripe that is such an one as is more tender and as it were crude and that which is more hard and dense and lastly that which is uncureable must not bee attempted at all CHAP. XXI By what signes ripe and curable cataracts may bee
than those in whom the matter of the disease is become knotty whereof Ovid thus speaketh Tollere nodosam nescit medicina podagram Physicke cannot the knotty Goute to heale These reasons have induced many to believe that the essence of this disease is unknowne for there is a certaine occult and inexplicable virulency the author of so great malignity and contumacy Which Avicen seemes to acknowledge when hee writes that there is a certaine kinde of Goute whose matter is so acute and maligne that if it at any time bee augmented by the force of anger it may suffice to kill the party by suddaine death Therefore Galen himselfe writes that Treacle must bee used in all Arthriticall and gouty affects and as I think for no other reason than for that it dries wastes and weakens the malignity thereof Gordonius is of the same opinion but addeth withall that the body must be prepared and purged before wee use Treacle Therefore the matter of the gout is a thin and virulent humour yet not contagious offending in quality rather than quantity causing extreme paines and therfore instigating the humours together with the caliginous and flatulent spirits prepared or ready for defluxion upon the affected parts Therefore as the bitings of Aspes and stingings of Waspes cause cruell pain with sudden swelling and blistering which is by the heat of the humours which the poyson hath tainted and not by the simple solution of continuity seeing that we daily see Shoo-makers and Taylors pricking their flesh with aules and needles without having any such symptome Thus the virulencie of the gout causeth intolerable tormenting paine not by the abundance because it happens to many who have the gout no signe of defluxion appearing in the joints but onely by a maligne and inexplicable quality by reason whereof these paines doe not cease unlesse abated by the helpe of medicines or nature or both The recitall of the following histories will give much light to that unexplicable and virulent malignity of the matter causing the gout Whilest King Charles the ninth of happy memory was at Burdeaux there was brought to Chappellaine and Castellan the Kings Physicians and Taste a Physician of Burdeaux Nicholas Lambert and my selfe Surgeons a certaine Gentle woman some forty yeares old exceedingly troubled for many yeares by reason of a tumor scarce equalling the bignesse of a pease on the outside of the joynt of the left Hippe one of her tormenting fits tooke her in my presence shee presently beganne to cry and â—oare and rashly and violently to throw her body this way and that way with motions and gestures above a womans yea a mans nature For shee thrust her head between her legges laid her feete upon her shoulders you would have said shee had beene possessed of the Divell This fit held her some quarter of an houre during all which time I heedfully observed whether the grieved part swelled any bigger than it was accustomed whether there happened any new inflammation but there was no alteration as farre as I could gather by sight or feeling but onely that shee cryed out more loudly when as I touched it The fit passed a great heate tooke her all her body ranne downe with sweat with so great wearinesse and weakenesse of all her members that shee could not so much as stirre her little finger There could bee no suspicion of an Epileptick fit for this woman all the time of her agony did perfectly make use of all her senses did speake discourse and had no convulsion Neither did shee spare any cost or diligence whereby shee might bee cured of her disease by the helpe of Physicians or famous Surgeons she consulted also witches wizzards and charmers so that shee had left nothing unattempted but all art was exceeded by the greatnesse of the disease When I had shewed all these things at our consultation wee all with one consent were of this opinion to apply a potentiall Cautery to the grieved part or the tumour I my selfe applyed it after the fall or the Eschar very blacke and virulent sanies flowed out which freed the woman of her paine and disease for ever after Whence you may gather that the cause of so great evill was a certaine venenate malignity hurting rather by an unexplicable quality than quantity which being overcome and evacuated by the Cautery all paine absolutely ceased Upon the like occasion but on the right arme the wife of the Queenes Coach-man at Amboise consulted Chappellaine Castellaâ— and me earnestly craving ease of her paine for shee was so grievously tormented by fits that through impatiency being carelesse of her selfe shee endeavoured to cast her lelse headlong out of her chamber window for feare whereof shee had a guard put upon her Wee judged that the like monster was to be assaulted with the like weapon neither were we deceived for using a potentiall cautery this had like successe as the former Wherefore the bitternesse of the paine of the gout is not occasioned by the onely weakenesse of the joints for thus the paine should be continuall and alwaies like it self neither is it from the distemper of a simple humour for no such thing happens in other tumours of what kinde soever they be of but it proceeds from a venenate maligne occult and inexplicable quality of the matter wherfore this disease stands in need of a diligent Physician and a painfull Surgeon CHAP. III. Of the manifest causes of the Gout ALthough these things may be true which we have delivered of the occult cause of the gout yet there be and are vulgarly assigned others of which a probable reason may bee rendred wherein this malignity whereof wee have spoken lies hid and is seated Therefore as of many other diseases so also of the gout there are assigned three causes that is the primitive antecedent and conjunct the primitive is two fold one drawn from their first originall and their mothers wombe which happens to such as are generated of gouty parents chiefly if whilest they were conceived this gouty matter did actually abound and fall upon the joynts For the seed falls from all the parts of the body as saith Hippocrates and Aristole affirmes lib. de gener animal Yet this causes not an inevitable necessity of having the gout for as many begot of sound and healthfull parents are taken by the gout by their proper primary default so many live free from this disease whose fathers notwithstanding were troubled therewith It is probable that they have this benefit and priviledge by the goodnesse of their mothers seed and the laudible temper of the womb wherof the one by the mixture the other by the gentle heat may amend and correct the faults of the paternall seed for otherwise the disease would become hereditary and gouty persons would necessarily generate gouty for the seed followeth the temper and complexion of the party generating as it is shewed by Avicen Another primitive cause is
and draw forth the grosse and viscide so that they flow out by the ulcers together with the quitture Over and besides the ligaments are strengthened by their cicatrization and their loosenesse helped by this meanes the whole part is notably corroberated CHAP. XXIIII Of the flatulent convulsion or convulsive contraction which is commonly called by the French Goute Grampe and by the English the Crampe THat which the French call Goute grampe wee heare intend to treat of induced thereto rather by the affinity of the name than of the thing for if one speake truly it is a certaine kinde of convulsion generated by a flatulent matter by the violence of whose running downe or motion oft-times the necke armes and legs are either extended or contracted into themselves with great paine but that for a short time The cause thereof is a grosse and tough vapor insinuating it selfe into the branches of the nerves and the membranes of the muscles It takes one on the night rather than on the day for that then the heat and spirits usually retire themselves into the entrailes and center of the body whence it is that flatulencies may bee generated which will fill up distend and pull the part whereinto they runne just as wee see lute-strings are extended This affect often takes such as swimme in cold water causeth many to be drowned though excellent swimmers their members by this means being so straitly contracted that they cannot by any meanes be extended For the skin by the coldnesse of the water is contracted and condensed and the pores therof shut so that the engendered flatulencies have no passage forth Such as give themselves to drunkennesse and gluttony or sloth and idlenesse are usually more frequently troubled with this disease by reason of their heaping up of crudities Therefore it is cured by moderate diet and ordering of the body and exercise of each part therof for thus they gather strength and the generation of the flatulent matter is hindered In the very time when it takes one the patient shall bee cured by long rubbing with warme clothes and aqua vitae wherein the leaves of sage rosemary time savory lavander cloves ginger and the like discussing and resolving things have beene infused The extension and flexion of the members or joints and walking are also good The End of the Eighteenth Booke OF THE LUES VENEREA AND THOSE SYMPTOMES VVHICH HAPPEN BY MEANES THEREOF THE NINETEENTH BOOKE CHAP. I. A description of the Lues Venerea THe French call the Lues Venerea the Neapolitane disease the Italians and Germans as also the English terme it the French disease the Latines call it Pudendagra others name it otherwise But it makes no great matter how it bee called if the thing it selfe bee understood Therefore the Lues Venerea is a disease gotten or taken by touch but chiefly that which is in uncleane copulation and it partakes of an occult quality commonly taking its originall from ulcers of the privie parts and then further manifesting its selfe by pustles of the head and other externall parts and lastly infecting the entrailes and inner parts with cruell and nocturnall tormenting paine of the head shoulders joynts and other parts In processe of time it causeth knots and hard Tophi and lastly corrupts and foules the bones dissolving them the flesh about them being oft-times not hurt but it corrupteth and weakeneth the substance of other parts according to the condition of each of them the distemper and evill habit of the affected bodies and the inveteration or continuance of the morbificke cause For some lose one of their eyes others both some lose a great portion of the eye-lids othersome looke very ghastly and not like themselves and some become squint-eyed Some lose their hearing others have their noses fall flat the pallat of their mouthes perforated with the losse of the bone Ethmoides so that in stead of free and perfect utterance they faulter and fumble in their speech Some have their mouthes drawne awry others their yards cut off and women a great part of their privities tainted with corruption There bee some who have the Urethra or passage of the yard obstructed by budding caruncles or inflamed pustles so that they cannot make water without the helpe of a Catheter ready to die within a short time either by the suppression of the urine or by a Gangrene arising in these parts unlesse you succour them by the amputation of their yards Others become lame of their armes and othersome of their legges and a third sort grow stiffe by the contraction of all their members so that they have nothing left them sound but their voice which serveth for no other purpose but to bewaile their miseries for which it is scantly sufficient Wherefore should I trouble you with mention of those that can scantly draw their breath by reason of an Asthma or those whose bodies waste with a hecticke feaver and slow consumption It fares farre worse with these who have all their bodies deformed by a Leprosie arising there hence and have all their throttles and throates eaten with putride and cancrous ulcers their haire falling off from their heads their hands and feet cleft with tetters and scaly chinkes neither is their case much better who having their braines tainted with this disease have their whole bodies shaken by fits of the falling sicknesse who troubled with a filthy and cursed flux of the belly doe continually cast forth stinking and bloudy filth Lastly there are no kinde of diseases no sorts of symptomes wherewith this disease is not complicate never to be taken away unlesse the virulencie of this murrain be wholly taken away and impugned by its proper Antidote that is argentum vivum CHAP. II. Of the causes of the Lues Venerea THere are two efficient causes of the Lues venerea the first is a certaine occult and specificke quality which cannot be demonstrated yet it may be referred to God as by whose command this hath assailed mankind as a scourge or punishment to restraine the too wanton and lascivious lusts of unpure whoremongers The other is an impure touch or contagion and principally that which happeneth in copulation Whether the man or woman have their privities troubled with virulent ulcers or bee molested with a virulent strangury which disease crafty Whores colour by the name of the whites the malignity catcheth hold of the other thus a woman taketh this disease by a man casting it into her hot open and moist wombe but a man taketh it from a woman which for example sake hath some small while before received the virulent seed of a whore-master polluted with this disease the mucous sanies whereof remaining in the wrinckles of the womans wombe may be drawne in by the pores of the standing and open yard whence succeede maligne ulcers and a virulent strangury This virulencie like a torch or candle set on fire will by little and little bee
to these remedies then must we come to the friction or unction of the groines perinaum and ulcers with the ointments formerly prescribed for the generall friction Also fumigations may bee made as wee mentioned in the former chapter For thus at length the malignity of the virulent humour will be overcome and the callous hardnesse mollified and lastly the ulcers themselves cleansed and being cleansed consolidated Sometimes after the perfect cure of such ulcers there will appeare manifest signes of the Lues venerea in many which shewed not themselves before for that the virulency flowed forth of the running ulcers and now this vent being stopt it flowes backe into the body and shewes signes thereof in other parts and these men have need of a generall unction CHAP. XVI by us vulgarly in English the running of the 〈◊〉 How a Gonnorhoea differeth from a virulent strangury EVen to this day very many have thought that the virulent strangury hath some affinity with the Gonnorhoea of the Ancients but you shall understand by that which followes that they are much different For a Gonnorhoea is an unvoluntary effusion of seed running from the whole body to the genitals by reason of the resolution and palsey of the retentive faculty of these parts as it is delivered by Galen lib. de loc affect This disease befalleth others by the collection of the bloud and seminall matter by the vessels of the whole body which not turning into fat and good flesh takes its course to the genitals but on the contrary a virulent strangury is a running or rather dropping out of the urenary passage of a yellowish livide bloudy filthy saâ—ies like to pus or matter not well concocted oftentimes fretting and exulcerating the passage with the acrimony and causing a painefull erection of the yard and distension of all the genitall parts For in this erection there is caused as it were a convulsive contraction of these parts And hence it is that the patients complaine that they feele as it were a string stretched stiffe in that part which drawes the yard as it were downewards The cause hereof is a grosse and flatulent spirit filling and distending by its plenty the whole channell or hollow nerve yea verily the whole porous substance of the yard If to these symptomes this be added that the urenary passage be exulcerated a grievous paine afflicts the patient whilest he makes water for that the ulcers are irritated by the sharpe urine passing that way Such a virulent strangury or running of the reines oft-times continueth for two or three yeares space but the Gonnorhaea or running of the seed cannot endure so long but that it will bring the body to an extreme and deadly leanenesse for that the matter of the seed is of the more benigne and laudible portion of the bloud as you may perceive by those who have too immoderately used copulation but the space of one night For such have their faces more leane and lanke and the rest of their bodies enervated languisheth and becommeth dull By this we have delivered it may be perceived that the running of a virulent strangury is not the running of a seminall humour fit for generation of issue but rather of a viscous and acride filth which hath acquired a venenate malignity by the corruption of the whole substance CHAP. XVII Of the causes and differences of the scalding or sharpenesse of the urine THe heat or scalding of the water which is one kinde of the virulent strangury ariseth from some one of these three causes to wit repletion inanition and contagion That which proceeds from repletion proceeds either from too great abundance of bloud or by a painefull and cedious journey in the hot sunne or by feeding upon hot acride diureticke and â—larulent meats causing tension and heat in the urenary parts whence proceeds the inflammation of them and the genitall parts whence it happens that not onely a seminall but also much other moisture may flow unto these parts but principally to the prostatae which are glandules situate at the roots or beginning of the necke of the bladder in which place the spermaticke vessels end also abstinence from venery causeth this plenitude in some who have usually had to doe with women especially the expulsive faculty of the seminall and urenary parts being weake so that they are not of themselves able to free themselves from this burden For then the suppressed matter is corrupted and by its acrimony contracted by an adventitious and putredinous heat it causeth heate and paine in the passage forth The prostata swelling with such inflamed matter in processe of time become ulcerated the abscesse being broken The purulent sanies dropping and flowing hence alongst the urinary passage causes ulcers by the acrimonie which the urine falling upon exasperates whence sharpe paine which also continueth for some short time after making of water and together there with by reason of the inflammation the paines attraction and the vaporous spirits distension the yard stands and is contracted with paine as wee noted in the former chapter But that which happens through inanition is acquired by the immoderate and unfit use of venery for hereby the oily and radicall moisture of the forementioned glandules is exhausted which wasted and spent the urine cannot but be troublesome and sharpe by the way to the whole urethra From which sense of sharpe paine the scalding of the urine hath its denomination That which comes by contagion is caused by impure copulation with an unclean person or with a woman which some short while before hath received the tainted seed of a virulent person or else hath the whites or her privities troubled with hidden and secret ulcers or carrieth a virulent spirit shut up or hidden there which heated and resuscitated by copulâ—tion presently infects the whole body with the like conâ—agion no otherwise than the sting of a Scorpion or Phalangium by casting a little poison into the skinne presently infects the whole body the force of the poison spreading further than one would believe so that the partie falls downe dead in a short while after Thus therefore the seminall humour conteined in the prostatae is corrupted by the tainture of the ill drawne thence by the yard and the contagion infects the part it selfe whence followes an abcesse which casting forth the virulency by the urenary passage causeth a virulent strangury and the maligne vapour carryed up with some portion of the humour unto the entrailes and principall parts cause the Lues venerea CHAP. XVIII Prognosticks in a virulent strangury WEE ought not to be negligent or carelesse in curing this affect for of it proceed pernicious accidents as wee have formerly told you and neglected it becomes uncurable so that some have it run out of their urenary passage during their lives oft-times to their former misery is added a suppression of the urine the prostatae and neck of the bladder
sugar before meate it is no lesse effectuall to put wormeseeds in their pap and in roasted apples and so to give them it Also you may make suppositories after this manner and put them up into the fundament â„ž coralli subalbi rasurae eboris cornu cerviusti ireos an ℈ ii mellis albi â„¥ ii ss aquae centiâ—odiae q. s adomnia concorporanda fiant Glandes let one be put up every day of the weight of Ê’ ii for children these suppositories are chiefly to bee used for Ascarides as those which adhere to the right gut To such children as can take nothing by the mouth you shall apply cataplasmes to their navells made of the pouder of cummin seeds the floure of lupines worme-wood southerne wood tansie the leaves of Artichokes rue the pouder of coloquintida citron seeds aloes arsemart horse mint peach leaves Costus amarus Zedoaria sope and oxegall Such cataplasmes are oft times spred over all the belly mixing therewith astringent things for the strengthening of the part as oile of myrtles Quinces and mastich you may also apply a great onion hollowed in the midst and filled with Aloes and Treacle and so roasted in the embers then beaten with bitter almonds and an oxe gall Also you may make emplasters of bitter things as this which followes â„ž fellis bubuli sucei absinthii an â„¥ ii colocyn â„¥ i. terantur misceantur simul incorporentur cum farina lupinorum make hereof an emplaster to be laid upon the Navell Liniments and ointments may bee also made for the same purpose to anoint the belly you may also make plasters for the navell of Pillulae Ruff. anointing in the meane time the fundament with hony and sugar that they may bee chafed from above with bitter things and allured downewards with sweete things Or else take wormes that have beene cast forth dry them in an iron pan over the fire then pouder them and give them with wine or some other liquor to bee drunke for so they are thought quickly to kill the rest of the wormes Hereto also conduceth the juice of citrons drunke with the oile of bitter almonds or sallade oile Also some make bathes against this affect of wormewood galls peach leaves boiled in water and then bathe the childe therein But in curing the wormes you must observe that this disease is oft times entangled with another more grievous disease as an acute and burning feaver a fluxe or scouring and the like in which as for example sake a feaver being present and conjoyned therewith if you shall give wormseeds old Treacle myrrhe aloes you shall encrease the feaver and fluxe for that bitter things are very contrary to the cure of these affects But if on the contrary in a fluxe whereby the wormes are excluded you shall give corrall and the floure of Lentiles you shall augment the feaver making the matter more contumacious by dry and astringent things Therefore the Physician shall be carefull in considering whether the feaver bee a symptome of the wormes or on the contrary it bee essentiall and not symptomaticke that this being knowne hee may principally insist in the use of such medicines as resist both affects as purging and bitterish in a feaver and wormes but bitter and somewhat astrictive things in the wormes and fluxe CHAP. VI. A short description of the Elephantiasis or Leprosie and of the causes thereof THis disease is termed Elephantiasis because the skinne of such as are troubled therewith is rough scabious wrinckled and unequall like the skin of an Elephant Yet this name may seem to be imposed thereon by reason of the greatnesse of the disease Some from the opinion of the Arabians have termed it Lepra or Leprosie but unproperly for the Lepra is a kinde of Scab and disease of the skinne which is vulgarly called Malum sancti manis which word for the present we will use as that which prevailes by custome and antiquity Now the Leprosie according to Paulus is a Cancer of the whole body the which as Avicen addes corrupts the complexion forme and figure of the members Galen thinkes the cause ariseth from the errour of the sanguifying faculty through whose default the assimulation in the flesh and habite of the body is depraved and much changed from it selfe and the rule of nature But ad Glauconem hee defines this disease An effusion of troubled or grosse blood into the veines and habit of the whole body This disease is judged great for that it partakes of a certaine venenate virulency depraving the members and comelinesse of the whole body Now it appeares that the Leprosie partakes of a certaine venenate virulency by this that such as are melancholicke in the whole habit of their bodies are not leprous Now this disease is composed of three differences of diseases First it consists of a distemper against nature as that which at the beginning is hot and dry and at length the ebullition of the humours ceasing and the heat dispersed it becomes cold and dry which is the conjunct cause of this symptome Also it consists of an evill composition or conformation for that it depraves the figure and beauty of the parts Also it consists of a solution of continuity when as the flesh and skin are cleft in divers parts with ulcers and chops the leprosie hath for the most part 3. generall causes that is the primitive antecedent conjunct the primitive cause is either from the first conformation or comes to them after they are born It is thought to be in him from the first conformation who was conceived of depraved corrupt menstruous blood such as enclined to melancholly who was begot of the leprous seed of one or both his parents for leprous persons generate leprous because the principall parts being tainted and corrupted with a melancholy and venenate juice it must necessarily follow that the whole masse of blood and seed that falls from it and the whole body should also be vitiated This cause happens to those that are already born by long staying inhabiting in maritime countries whereas the grosse and misty aire in successe of time induceth the like fault into the humours of the body for that according to Hippocrates such as the aire is such is the spirit and such the humours Also long abiding in very hot places because the blood is torrified by heate but in cold places for that they incrassate and congealing the spirits doe after a manner stupefie may bee thought the primitive causes of this disease Thus in some places of Germany there are divers leprous persons but they are more frequent in Spaine and overall Africa then in all the world beside and in Languedoc Provence and Guyenne are more than in whole France besides Familiarity copulation and cohabitation with leprous persons may be reckoned amongst the causes thereof because they transferre this disease to their familiars by their breath sweat and spittle left on the
Aire The other that they abate the force of it that it may not imprint its virulency in the body which may be done by correcting the excesse of the quality inclining towards it by the opposition of its contrary For if it bee hotter than is meet it must bee tempered with cooling things if too cold with heating things yet this will not suffice For wee ought besides to amend purge the corruptions of the venenate malignity diffused through it by smels and perfumes resisting the poyson thereof The body will be strengthened and more powerfully resist the infected Aire if it want excrementitious humours which may be procured by purging and bleeding and for the rest a convenient diet appointed as shunning much variety of meats and hot and moyst things and all such which are easily corrupted in the stomacke and cause obstructions such as those things which be made by Comfit-makers we must shun satiety and drunkennesse for both of them weaken the powers which are preserved by the moderate use of meats of good juice Let moderate exercises in a cleare Aire and free from any venemous tainture precede your meales Let the belly have due evacuation either by Nature or Art Let the heart the seat of life and the rest of the bowels be strengthened with Cordials and Antidotes applyed and taken as wee shall hereafter shew in the forme of epithemes ointments emplasters waters pills powders tablets opiates fumigations and such like Make choice of a pure Aire free from all pollution far remote from stinking places for such is most fit to preserve life to recreate and repaire the spirits where as on the contrary a cloudy or mistie Aire and such as is infected with grosse and stinking vapours duls the spirits dejects the appetite makes the body faint and ill coloured oppresseth the heart and is the breeder of many diseases The Northern wind is healthfull because it is cold and dry But on the contrary the Southerne wind because it is hot and moyst weakens the body by sloth or dulnesse opens the pores and makes them pervious to the pestiferous malignity The Westerne winde is also unwholesome because it comes neere to the nature of the Southerne wherefore the windowes must bee shut up on that side of the house on which they blow but opened on the North and East side unless it happen the Plague come from thence Kindle a cleare fire in all the lodging Chambers of the house and perfume the whole house with Aromatick things as Frankinsence Myrthe Benzoine Ladanum Styrax Roses Myrtle-leaves Lavender Rosemary Sage Savory wilde Time Marjerome Broome Pine-apples pieces of Firre Juniper berries Cloves Perfumes and let your cloathes be aired in the same There be some who think it a great preservative against the pestilent Aire to keep a Goat in their houses because the capacity of the houses filled with the strong sent which the Goat sends forth prohibits the entrance of the venemous Aire which same reason hath place also in sweet smels and besides it argues that such as are hungry are apter to take the Plague than those who have eaten moderately for the body is not onely strengthened with meat but all the passages thereof are filled by the vapours diffused from thence by which otherwise the infected Aire would finde a more easie entrance to the heart Yet the common sort of People yeeld another reason for the Goat which is that one ill sent drives away another as one wedge drives forth another which calleth to my mind that which is recorded by Alexander Benedictus that there was a Scythian Physician which caused a Plague arising from the infection of the Aire to cease by causing all the dogs cats such like beasts which were in the City to be killed and cast their carcasses up down the streets that so by the comming of this new putride vapour as a stranger the former pestiferous infection as an old guest was put out of its Lodging so the Plague ceased For poysons have not onely an antipathy with their Antidotes but also with some other poysons Whilest the Plague is hot it is not good to stirre out of doore before the rising of the Sunne wherefore wee must have patience untill hee have cleansed the Aire with the comfortable light of his Beames and dispersed all the foggy and nocturnall pollutions which commonly hang in the Aire in dirty and especially in low places and Vallies All publike and great meetings and assemblies must be shunned If the Plague begin in Summer and seeme principally to rage being helped forward by the summers heat it is the best to performe a journey begun or undertaken for performance of necessary affaires rather upon the night time than on the day because the infection takes force strength and subtlety of substance by which it may more easily permeate and enter in by the heat of the Sun but by night mens bodies are more strong and all things are more grosse and dense But you must observe a cleane contrary course if the malignity seeme to borrow strength and celerity from coldnesse But you must alwayes eschew the beames of the Moone but especially at the full For then our bodies are more languid and weake and fuller of excrementitious humours Even as trees which for that cause must be cut down in their season of the Moone that is in the decrease thereof After a little gentle walking in your Chamber you must presently use some means that the principall parts may be strengthened by suscitating the heat spirits that the passages to them may be filled that so the way may bee shut up from the infection comming from without Such as by the use of garlick have not their heads troubled nor their inward parts inflamed as Countrey people and such as are used to it to such there can can bee no more certaine preservative and antidote against the pestiferous fogs or mists and the nocturnall obscurity than to take it in the morning with a draught of good wine for it being abundantly diffused presently over all the body fils up the passages thereof and strengtheneth it in a moment For water if the Plague proceed from the tainture of the Aire wee must wholly shun and avoyd raine-water because it cannot but bee infected by the contagion of the Aire Wherefore the water of Springs and of the deepest Wells are thought best But if the malignity proceed from the vapours contained in the earth you must make choice of Raine-water Yet it is more safe to digest every sort of water by boiling it and to preferre that water before other which is pure and cleare to the sight and without either tast or smell and which besides suddenly takes the extremest mutation of heat and cold CHAP. VII Of the Cordiall Remedies by which we may preserve our bodies in feare of the Plague and cure those already infected therewith SUch as
the heat of the fire doth disperse and wast his spirits the Floor or ground of the chamber must bee sprinkled or watered with vinegar and water or strowed with the branches of vines made moist in cold water with the leaves and flowers of Water-lillyes or Poplar or such like In the fervent heat of summer hee must abstaine from Fumigations that doe smell too strongly because that by assaulting the head they encrease the paine If the patient could goe to that cost it were good to hang all the chamber where he lyeth and also the Bed with thicke or course linnen cloaths moistened in vinegar and water of Roses Those linnen cloaths ought not to be very white but somewhat browne because much and great whitenesse doth disperse the sight and by wasting the spirits doth encrease the paine of the head for which cause also the Chamber ought not to bee very lightsome Contrariwise on the night season there ought to bee fiers and perfumes made which by their moderate light may moderately call forth the spirits Sweet fiers may be made of little pieces of the wood of Juniper Broom Ash Tamarisk of the rinde of Oranges Lemmons Cloves Benzoin gum Arabick Orris roots Mirrhe grossely beaten together and layd on the burning coals put into a chafing dish Truely the breath or smoake of the wood or berries of Juniper is thought to drive serpents a great way from the place where it is burnt The vertue of the Ash-tree against venome is so great as Pliny testifieth that a serpent will not come under the shadow thereof no not in the morning nor evening when the shaddow of any thing is most great and long but she will runne from it I my selfe have proved that if a circle or compasse bee made with the boughes of an Ash-tree and a fier made in the midst thereof and a serpent put within the compasse of the boughs that the serpent will rather runne into the fire than through the Ash boughes There is also another meanes to correct the Aire You may sprinkle vinegar of the decoction of Rue Sage Rosemary Bay berries Juniper berries Cyperus nuts such like on stones or bricks made red hot and put in a pot or pan that all the whole chamber where the patient lyeth may be perfumed with the vapour thereof Also fumigations may bee made of some matter that is more grosse and clammy that by the force of the fire the fume may continue the longer as of Ladanum Myrrhe Masticke Rosine Turpentine Storax Olibanum Benzoin Bay berries Juniper berries Cloves Sage Rosemary and Marjoram stamped together and such like Those that are rich and wealthy may have Candles and Fumes made of waxe or Tallow mixed with some sweet things A sponge macerated in Vinegar of Roses and Water of the same and a little of the decoction of Cloves and of Camphire added thereto ought alwaies to be ready at the patients hand that by often smelling unto it the animall spirits may be recreated and strengthened The water following is very effectuall for this matter Take of Orris foure ounces of Zedoarie Spikenard of each sixe drammes of Storax Benzoin Cinamon Nutmegs Cloves of each one ounce and a halfe of old Treacle halfe an ounce bruise them into a grosse pouder and macerate them for the space of twelve houres in foure pound of white and strong wine then distill them in a Limbeck of glasse on hot ashes and in the distilled liquor wet a sponge and then let it be tyed in a linnen cloath or closed in a boxe and so often put unto the nostrills Or take of the vinegar and water of roses of each foure ounces of Camphire sixe graines of Treacle half a dram let them be dissolved together and put into a viall of glasse which the patient may often put unto his nose This Nodula following is more meet for this matter Take of Rose leaves two pugils of Orris halfe an ounce of Calamus Aromaticus Cynamon Cloves of each two drammes of Storax and Benzoin of each one dramme and a halfe of Cyperus halfe a dramme beat them into a grosse pouder make thereof a Nodula betweene two pieces of Cambricke or Lawne of the bignesse of an hand-ball then let it bee moistened in eight ounces of Rose water and two ounces of Rose vinegar and let the patient smell unto it often These things must be varied according to the time For in the Summer you must use neither Muske nor Civet nor such like hot things and moreover women that are subject to fits of the Mother and those that have Feavers or the head-ach ought not to use those things that are so strong smelling hot but you must make choice of things more gentle Therefore things that are made with a little Camphire and Cloves bruised and macerated together in Rose water vinegar of Roses shall be sufficient CHAP. XX. What Diet ought to be observed and first of the choice of Meat THe order of diet in a pestilent disease ought to bee cooling and drying not slender but somewhat full Because by this kinde of disease there commeth wasting of the spirits and exolution of the faculties which inferreth often swouning therefore that losse must be repaired as soone as may be with more quantity of meates that are of easie concoction and digestion Therfore I never saw any being infected with the pestilence that kept a slender diet that recovered his health but died and few that had a good stomacke and fed well dyed Sweet grosse moist and clammy meates and those which are altogether and exquisitely of subtle parts are to be avoyded for the sweet do easily take fire and are soone enflamed the moist will putrefie the grosse and clammy obstruct and therefore engender putrefaction those meats that are of subtle parts over-much attenuate the humours and enflame them and doe stirre up hot and sharp vapours into the braine whereof commeth a Feaver Therefore wee must eschew Garlike Onions Mustard salted and spiced Meats and all kind of Pulse must also be avoided because they engender grosse winds which are the authors of obstruction but the decoction of them is not alwayes to be refused because it is a provoker of urine Therefore let this bee their order of diet let their bread bee of Wheat or Barly well wrought well leavened and salted neither too new nor too stale let them bee fed with such meat as may be easily concocted and digested may engender much laudable juice and very little excrementall as are the flesh of Wether-lambs Kids Leverets Pullets Pattridges Pigeons Thrushes Larkes Quailes Blacke-Birds Turtle-Doves Moor-Hennes Pheasants and such like avoyding water-Fowles Let the Flesh be moistened in Ver-juice of unripe Grapes Vinegar or the juice of Lemmons Oranges Cytrons tart Pomegranates Barberries Goose-berries or red Currance or of garden wild sorrell for all these sowre things are very wholesome in this kinde of disease for they doe
the motion But now let us speake briefly of the life or soule wherein consisteth the principall originall of every function in the body and likewise of generation CHAP. XI Of the life or soule THE soule entreth into the body so soone as it hath obtained a perfect and absolute distinction and conformation of the members in the wombe which in male children by reason of the more strong and forming heate which is engraffed in them is about the fortieth day and in females about the forty fifth day in some sooner and in some later by reason of the efficacy of the matter working and plyantnesse or obedience of the matter whereon it worketh Neither doth the life or soule being thus inspired into the body presently execute or performe all his functions because the instuments that are placed about it cannot obtaine a firme and hard consistence necessary for the lively but especially for the more divine ministeries of the life or soule but in a long processe of age or time Those instruments of the soule are vitiated either in the first conformation as when the forme or fashion of the head is sharpe upwards or piramydall as was the head of Thersites that lived in the time of the Trojan warre and of Triboulet and Tonin that lived in later yeares or also by some casualty as by the violent handling of the mydwife who by compression by reason that the scull is then tender and soft hath caused the capacity of the ventricles that be under the braine to be too narrow for them or by a fall stroake disorder in diet as by drunkennesse or a feaver which inferreth a lithargie excessive sleepinesse or a phrensie Presently after the soule is entred the body God endueth it with divers and sundry gifts hereof it commeth that some are endued with wisedome by the spirit others with knowledge by the same spirit others with the gift of healing by the same spirit others with power dominion and rule others with prophesie others with diversities of tongues and to others other endowments as it hath pleased the divine providence and bounty of God to bestow upon them against which no man ought to contend or speake For it is not meet that the thing formed should say unto him that formed it why hast thou made mee on this fashion hath not the Potter power to make of the same lumpe of clay one vessell to honour and another to dishonour it is not my purpose neither belongeth it unto mee or any other humane creature to search out the reason of those things but onely to admire them with all humility But yet I dare affirme this one thing that a noble and excellent soule neglecteth elementary and transitory things and is ravished and moved with the contemplation of celestiall which it cannot freely enjoy before it bee separated from this earthly enclosure or prison of the body and be restored unto its originall Therefore the soule is the inward Entelechia or perfection or the primative cause of all motions and functions both naturall and animall and the true forme of man The Ancients have endeavoured to expresse the obscure sense thereof by many descriptions For they have called it a celestiall spirit and a superiour incorporeall invisible an immortall essence which is to bee comprehended of its selfe alone that is of the minde or understanding Others have not doubted but that wee have our soules inspired by the universall divine minde which as they are alive so they doe bestow life on the bodies unto whom they are annexed or united And although this life bee dispersed into all the whole body and into every portion of the same yet is it voyd of all corporall weight or mixtion and it is wholly and a lone in every severall part being simple and indivisible without all composition or mixture yet endued with many vertues and faculties which it doth utter in divers parts of the body For it feeleth imagineth judgeth remembreth understandeth and ruleth all our desires pleasures and animall motions it seeth heareth smelleth tasteth toucheth and it hath divers names of these so many and so great functions which it performeth in divers parts of the body It is called the soule or life because it maketh the body live which of it selfe is dead It is called the spirit or breath because it inspireth our bodies It is called reason because it discerneth truth from falshood as it were by a certaine divine rule It is termed the minde because it is mindfull of things past in recalling and remembring them and it is called the vigour or courage because it giveth vigour and courage to the sluggish weight or masse of the body And lastly it is called the sense understanding because it comprehendeth things that are sensible and intelligible Because it is incorporeall it cannot occupie a place by corporeall extension although notwithstanding it filleth the whole body It is simple because it is but one in essence not encreased nor diminished for it is no lesse in a Dwarfe than in a Gyant and it is like perfect and great in an infant as in a man according to its owne nature But there are three kindes of bodies informed by a soule whereby they live the first being the most imperfect is of plants the second of brute beasts and the third of men The plants live by a vegitative beasts by a sensitive and men by an intellective soule And as the sensitive soule of brute beasts is endued with all the vertues of the vegetative so the humane intellective comprehendeth the vertues of all the inferior not separated by any division but by being indivisibly united with reason and understanding into one humane forme and soule whereon they depend But because we have sayd a little before that divers functions of the life are resident and appeare in divers parts of the body here in this place omitting all others wee will prosecute those only which are accounted the principall The principall functions of a humane soule according to the opinion of many are foure in number proceeding from so many faculties and consequently from one soule they are these The common Sense Imagination Reasoning and Memory And they thinke that the common or interior sense doth receive the formes and images of sensible things being carryed by the spirit through the passage of the nerves as an instrument of the externall senses as it were a messenger to goe between them and it serves not onely to receive them but also to know perceive and discerne them For the eye wherein the externall sense of seeing consisteth doth not know white or blacke Therefore it cannot discerne the differences of colours as neither the tongue tastes nor the nose savours nor the eares sounds nor lastly the hands their touching quality yea the eye doth not of it selfe perceive that it seeth nor the nose that it smelleth nor the eares that they heare nor the tongue that it
Chamaemelum Brassica Sarcocolla Crocus Faba Faenugraecum Horaâ—â—m integrum Second degree Artemisia Orobus Balaustia Lens Mastiche Mel. Sal. Anethum Myrrha Pix arida Plantago Nux moschata Third degree Abrotonum ustum Absinthium Acetum Milium Sanguis draconis Galla. Myrtus Aloe Cuminum Sabina Fourth degree Piper Allium Nasturtium Sinapi Euphorbium Those we have mentioned have of themselves and their own nature all such qualities yet doe they produce farre other effects by accident and besides their owne nature in our bodies by reason of which they are termed accidentall causes This shall be made manifest by the following examples Externall heat by accident refrigerates the body within because it opens the passages and pores and cals forth the internall heate together with the spirits and humours by sweats whence it followes that the digestion is worse and the appetite is diminished The same encompassing heate also humects by accident whilest it diffuses the humours concrete with cold for thus Venery is thought to humect The like may be said of Cold for that it heates not by its proper and native but by an adventitious force whereof you may make tryall in Winter when as the ambient cold by shutting the pores of the body hinders the breathing forth and dissipation of the native heat Whence it is inwardly doubled and the concoction better performed and the appetite strengthened This same cold also dries by accident when as it by accident repercusses the humour that was ready to flow down into any part and whilst it concretes that which is gathered in the part for thus by the immoderate use of repercussers an oedematous tumour proceeding from gross and viscide phlegme degenerates into a scirrhus Drinesse and moisture because they are more passive qualities shew their effects by not so manifest operations as heate and cold doe but in comparison of them they are rather to be judged as matter or a subject CHAP. IV. Of the second faculties of Medicines WEe terme those the second faculties of Medicines which have dependance upon the first which are formerly mentioned as it is the part Of Heate to Rarefie Attract Open Attenuate Levigate Cleanse Of Cold to Condense Repercusse Shut up Incrassate Exasperate Constipate Of Moisture to Soften Relaxe Of Drinesse to Harden Stiffen Hence we terme that an attractive medicine which hath an attractive faculty as on the contrary that a repercussive that repels a detergent that which cleanses viscous matter We call that an Emplasticke medicine which not only shuts up the pores of the body but reduces the liquid bodies therein contained to a certaine equality of substance Thus also emollients relaxers and the rest have their denominations from their effects as we shall declare hereafter CHAP. V. Of the third faculties of Medicines THe third faculty of medicines depends for the most part upon the first and second faculties sometimes conjoyned otherwhiles separate Also sometimes it followes neither of these faculties but a certaine property and inexplicable quality which is only knowne by experience Now the operations of this third faculty are to agglutinate to fill with flesh to cicatrize to asswage paine to move or stay the urine milke seed the courses sweats vomits and performe such like operations in or about the body Thus the generation of flesh is produced by the concourse of two faculties that is of drying and cleansing But drinesse and astriction produce a glutinating and cicatrizing faculty A hot and attenuating faculty causeth sweats moves urine the courses and the like in the body but contrary faculties retarde and stop the same To mitigate paine proceeds only from the first faculty to wit from heate or a moderately heating faculty to procure rest from cold onely or coldnesse joyned with some moisture But to procure vomit proceeds neither from the first nor second faculty but from a certaine occult and essentiall property which is naturally implanted in Agaricke and other nauscous and vomitory medicines CHAP. VI. Of the fourth faculty of Medicines THe fourth faculty of medicines is not of the same condition with those that are formerly mentioned for it depends not upon them or any other manifest or elementary quality but on an occult property of the whole substance by meanes whereof it workes rather upon this than that part upon this rather than that humour Wherefore Physitians cannot by any reason finde out this faculty but only by experience as we have said a little before of medicines procuring vomit Hence it is that names are given to those medicines from those parts that they chiefly respect For they are termed Cephalicks which respect the head as Betony Marjerome Sage Rosemary Staechas Pneumonicks which respect the Lungs as Liquorice sweet Almonds Orris Elecampane Cordials that strengthen the heart as Saffron Cinamon Citrons but chiefly their rindes Buglosse Corall Ivory Stomaticall which respect the stomacke and the orifice thereof as Nutmegs Mint Anise Masticke Pepper Ginger Hepaticks which respect the Liver as Wormwood Agrimony Spikenard Succory Sanders Spleniticks which have relation to the spleene as Time Epithymum Broome flowers Cetrach Capers the barke of their rootes the barke of Tamariske Diureticks such as respect the kidneyes and urenary passages as the rootes of Smallage Asperagus Fennell Butchers brome the foure greater cold seeds Turpentine Plantaine Saxifrage Arthniticks or such as strengthen the joynts as Cowslips Chamaepytis Elecampane Calaminte Hermodactiles and the like To this ranke may be referred purging medicines which furnished with a specificke property shew their efficacy on one humour more than another humour and that impact more in one part than in another For thus Agricke chiefly drawes phlegme from the head and joynts Rubarbe drawes choller chiefly from the Liver and hurts the kidneyes But let us here forbeare the consideration of such things as not appertaining to Surgery But some medicines of this kinde are furnished with one simple faculty othersome with more and those contrary whereof your taste may give you sufficient notice for Rubarbe at the first touch of the tongue is found acride and hot but when you come to chaw and throughly to taste it you shall find it to partake of an earthy astriction Therefore because tastes give notice of the faculties of medicines therefore I have thought good to treat of them briefly CHAP. VII Of Tastes TAste as Galen delivers according to Aristotle and Theophrastus is a certaine concoction of moisture in drinesse caused by meanes of heate which we know or discerne by the tongue well tempered and fittingly furnished with spittle and his nerves There are nine differences of tastes for there are three judged hot to wit the acride bitter and salt three cold the acide austere and acâ—rbe three temperate the sweet the oily or fat and the insipide Now they are thought so many according to the different degrees of concoction for it appeares greater in hot tastes and as it were a certaine assation but lesse in cold but
of an hand and he said he felt there a great paine and smarting and likewise in his reines inso much that hee could not take any rest night or day neither had hee any appetite to eate but to drinke enough it was told mee hee fell often into faintings and swoonings and sometimes as it were into an Epilepsie and had often-times desire to vomit with such a trembling that hee could not carry his hands to his mouth Seeing and considering all these great accidents and the forces much abated truly I was much grieved to have gone to him because me thought there was little appearance that he could escape Notwithstanding to give him courage and good hope I told him that I would quickly set him on foote by the grace of God and the Physitions and Chirurgions helpe Having seene him I went a walking into a Garden where I prayed to God that hee would give me the grace to cure him and that hee would give a blessing to our hands and medicaments to combate against so many complicated maladies I bethought in my minde the wayes I must keepe to doe it They called mee to dinner I entred into the kitehin where I saw taken out of a great pot halfe a Mutton a quarter of Veale three great peeces of Beefe and two Pullets and a great peece of Bacon with great store of good Hearbes Then I said to my selfe this broth was full of juice and of good nourishment After dinner all the Physitions and Chirurgions assembled we entred into conference in the presence of Monsieur the Duke of Ascot and some Gentlemen that did accompany him I began to tell the Chirurgions that I mervailed much they had made no apertions in the Marquesses thigh which was all apostemated and the matter which issued out was very foule and stinking which shewed it had a long time lurked there and that I had found with my probe a Caries in the bone and small scales which were already separated they made mee answer hee would never give consent and likewise it was almost two monthes since they could winne him to put on cleane sheets on his bed neither dust one scarce touch the coverlet he fee lt so great paine Then said I for to cure him we must touch other things than the coverlet of the bed Each one said what hee thought best of the Lords greefe and for conclusion held it altogether deplorable I told them there was yet some hope because of his youth and that God and nature doe sometime such things which seeme to Physitions and Chirurgions to bee impossible My consultation was that all these accidents were come by reason of the bullet hitting neare the joynt of the knee which had broken the Ligaments tendons and aponeureses of the muscles which tye the sayd joynt together with the Os femoris also nerves veines and arteries from whence had followed paine inflammation aposteme and ulcer and that wee must begin the cure by the disease which was the cause of all the sayd accidents that is to say to make apertions to give issue to the matter reteined in the interspaces of the muscles and in the substance of them Likewise to the bones which caused a great corruption in the whole thigh from whence the vapors did arise and were carryed to the heart which caused the sincope and the feaver and the feaver an universall heate through the whole body and by consequent depravation of the whole Occonomie Like-wise that the said vapours were communicated to the braine which caused the Epilipsie and trembling and to the stomacke disdaine and loathing and hindred it from doing his functions which are cheefely to concoct and disgest the meate and to convert it into Chyluâ— which not being well concocted they ingender crudities and obstructions which makes that the parts are not nourished and by consequent the body dryes and growes leane and because also it did not doe any exercise for every part which hath not his motion remaineth languid and atrophiated because the heate spirits are not sent or drawne thither from whence followes mortification And to nourish and fatten the body frictions must be made universally through the whole body with warme linnen cloathes above below on the right side and left and round about to the end to draw the blood and spirits from within outward and to resolve any fuliginous vapours retained betweene the skinne and the flesh thereby the parts shall be nourished and restored as I have heretofore sayd in the tenth booke treating of wounds of Gunshot and wee must then cease when we see heate and rednesse in the skinne for feare of resolving that wee have already drawne and by consequent make it become more leane As for the Vlcer which he had upon his rumpe which came through too long lying upon it without being remooved which was the cause that the spirits could not florish or shine in it by the meanes of which there should bee inflammation aposteme and then ulcer yea with losse of substance of the subject flesh with a very great paine because of the nerves which are disseminated in this part That wee must likewise put him into another soft bed and give him a cleane shirt and sheets otherwise all that wee could doe would serve for nothing because that those excrements and vapors of the matter retained so long in his bed are drawne in by the Systole and Diastole of the Arteries which are disseminated through the skin and cause the spirits to change and acquire an ill quality and corruption which is seene in some that shall lye in a bed where one hath sweate for the Pox who will get the Pox by the putrid vapours which shall remaine soaked in the sheets and coverlets Now the cause why he could in no wise sleepe and was as it were in a consumption t' was because he eate little and did not doe any exercise and because hee was grieved with extreame paine For there is nothing that abateth so much the strength as paine The cause why his tongue was dry and fowle was through the vehemence of the heate of the feaver by the vapors which ascended through the whole body to the mouth For as we say in a common proverbe when an Oven is well heate the throate feeles it Having discoursed of the causes and accidents I sayd they must be cured by their contraries and first we must appease the paine making apertions in the thigh to evacuate the matter retained not evacuating all at a time for feare least by a sodaine great evacuation there might happen a great decay of spirits which might much weaken the patient and shorten his dayes Secondly to looke unto the great swelling and cold in his Legge fearing least it should fall into a Gangreene and that actuall heate must bee applyed unto him because the potentiall could not reduce the intemperature de potentiâ— ad actum for this cause hot brickes must bee applyed round about on which should bee cast a
meats are fit When sleepe it hurtfull Medicines Care must be had of the stomacke Vomits The use of Treacle in an inveterate quotidian What a true and legitimate Scirrhus is What an illegitimate Scirrhus is The signes Prognosticks Diet. Lib. 2. Ad Glaâ—conem Emollients Lib. 2. ad Glau. The efficacy of the Empl. of Vigo with Mercury What a Cancer is The nature of the paine The reason of the name The causes of a Cancer The causes of a not ulcerated Cancer The sorts and differences of Cancers Aetius lib. 16. The parts most subiect to Cancers What Cancers one must not undertake truely to cure Lib. 2. ad Glau. Diet. How to handlâ— the cancorous part Antidotes Asses milke The Signes How and where a Cancer may be cut away What to be observed in cutting away a Cancer The benefit of applying a cautery after amputation of the Cancer Signes that a Cancer is well taken away A new and observeable way of taking away a Cancer from the lippe Repelling medicines Theodoricks Emplaister Leaches The application of whelps chickins 〈◊〉 Epist 21. The estate of Erysimum The signes of the Cancer in the wombe Lib. 9. Simpl. Lib. â— decomâ—med secundum gen Lib. 9. 〈◊〉 Plates of Lead A History Why a quartaine happens upon scirrhous tumors The signes Why they are frequent in Autumne Prognostickâ— From what diseasses a quartain 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 Diet. How much vomitting prevailes to cure â— quartaine Medicine What quartaines must be cured with refrigerating things What bastard agues are and how they must be cured What it is In what parts they chiefly happen Prognosticke A History Aneurismaes must not rashly be opened How they must be cured These of the inward parts incureable A History Lib. 4. Cap. â—lt de praes expulsâ— A Caution in the knowing of Aneurismaes What it is The causes Differences by reason of place Signes A History The reason of the name Lib. 6. Cap. 8. The differences thereof Which of them admit no manuall operation An Anodyne Why it must be taken cleare away What it is The differences Their signes and Symptomes Prognosticke The cure Lib. 3. de compmed see Locol Hip. aph 21 lib. 1. Gentle resolving medicines Stronger resolvers A Ripening medicine What it is The Symputomes The Chirutgicall cure Why the eure must not be deferred The Reason why it is so called The Cause The Cute Why the Glandules are called Almonds Their use The Cause of their tumor Symptomes Cure Extreme diseases must have extreme remedies How you must open the Wearon What the Vvula is and what the use therof The Cause of the swelling thereof Symptomes The Cure The Cure by Chirurgery What it is The differences The first kind The Symptomes The second kinde The third The Causes Hip. sect 3. prog z. Aphor. â—0 sect 5. Dict. Cure Repelling Gargarismes Ripening Gargarismes Detergent Gargarisma The reason of the name The differences The Care What it is Of a Pleurisie comming to suppuration Of the change there of into an Empyema Of the apertion of the side in an Empyema What the Dropsie is The differences thereof The Symptomes The Causes How divers diseases turne into Dropsies The signes of an Ascites The Symptoms Prognostickes Hip. lib. 4. de acut lib. de intern Bagges Bathes Liniments Emplaisters Vesicatories Gal. lib. defacul natur 〈◊〉 Divers opinions of Paracentesis or opening of the belly Reasons against it Erasistratus his Reasons against it Reasons for it Lib. 3. Cap. 21. Lib. de morb Ch. cap. de Hydrope The places of the apertion must be divers according to the parts chiefely affected The manner of making apertion A History A Caution for taking out the Pipe Another manner of evacusting the water after the apâ—rtion A medicine for the Iaundies The diuers causes thereof Signes hereof occasioned by the Kall By the guts By flesh By winde By a waterish humor By bruised blood Which may be cured by Chirurgery which not The cure by Chirurgery There are onely 3. sorts of Ruptures Buboâ—ocele Enterocele and Epiplocele Hydrocele Physocele Sarcocele Cirsocele The Causes Thesignes What rupture is uncurable To what ruptures children are subject An astringent cataplasme Ser. 1. Cap. 24. The craft and coveto usuesse of Gelders Another way to cure Ruptures The reason of this cure Another medicine A notable History We must never despaire in disseases if so be nature be associated by Art A Cataplasma to soften the excrements Chymicall oyle The Chirurgicall cure by the golden Tye. Another manner thereof Lib. 3 Cap. 33. what a Hydrocele is The signes The cure A medicine 〈◊〉 draw forth the contained matter What a Pneumatocele is The Cure What a Sarcocele is The signes Prognosticks The signes What a Cirsocele is The Cure Hernia Humoralis The causes The cure Hippocrates his cure What the Paronychia is Lib. 2. cap. 4. tract 8. Gal. comm ad sent 1. ser 4. lib. 6 Eâ—â— Gal. Com ad sect 67. sect 2. prog The cure It is not as yet sufficiently knowne what Dracunculs are Lib. 4. cap. ult The cure out of Egineta Cap 21. lib. 4. sent 3 tract 3. Lib. 14. cap. ult The cure out of Aetius Tract at 〈◊〉 cap. 31. The cure our of Rhasis His opinion of them Soranus his opinion Epist 2. lib. 7. Aetius opinion confuted Tract 3. serme 1. cap. 40. 4. Meteorolog Naturall Melancholicke humor is most unapt to putrifie Stinke an unseparable companion to putrifaction What things usually breed wormes Cap. 83. Chir. Gallic Why they are called Dacunculi The Cure So the Maluâ—pilate in Aristotle cap. 11. lib. 7. hist animal What a Wound properly is Divers appellations of wounds according to the varieties of the parts Divers denominations from their causes A caution for making reports of Wounds A Iugling cheating Chirurgion Lib. 4. Meth. cap. 6. 1. Wounds are called great out of three respects What wounds are dangerous What least dangerous What deadly Hip. aphor 19. Lib. 6. Why round Wounds are difficult to heals Hip. lib. de ulcer Hip. aph 66. lib. 5. What a Callus is and whence it proceedes Small and contemptible Wounds often prove mortall Aphor. 1 sect 1 The Generall Indication of Wounds Five things necessary for uniting wounds Ligatures and Sutures for to conjoyne and hold together the lippes of wounds Three sorts of Ligatures What an incarnative Ligature is What an expulsive What the retentive What the rowlers must bee made of Why and how the temper of the wounded part must he preserved In what wounds blood letting is not necessary What medicines are to be judged agglutinative What wounds stand in no need of a suture The first manner of suture The forme of your needle The forme of the pipe with a window in it The 2. maner of Suture The third manner of Suture The 4. kind of Suture termed Gastroraphia The 5. kind called the Dry Suture The signes of blood flowing from an artery The first way of staying bleeding The 2. manner of stanching is The 3. way by binding