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as_o the_o declination_n of_o the_o ecliptic_a from_o the_o equatour_n to_o wit_n of_o 23_o degree_n 30_o scrup_n to_o which_o answer_n according_a to_o the_o former_a rule_n 1420_o italian-mile_n the_o invention_n of_o the_o latitude_n of_o the_o temperate_a zone_n depend_v from_o the_o subtraction_n of_o the_o distance_n of_o the_o pole_n of_o the_o ecliptic_a from_o the_o equatour_n that_o be_v from_o the_o great_a declination_n of_o the_o sun_n be_v double_v from_o the_o whole_a quadrant_a in_o which_o subduction_n the_o residue_n will_v be_v 43_o to_o which_o will_v answer_v 2580_o italian-mile_n 1_o the_o zone_n wherein_o any_o place_n be_v seat_v may_v be_v know_v either_o by_o the_o globe_n or_o geographical_a table_n or_o else_o by_o the_o table_n of_o latitude_n by_o the_o globe_n or_o universal_a map_n we_o may_v know_v it_o by_o the_o diligent_a observation_n of_o the_o four_o equidistant_a circle_n for_o if_o we_o
forth_o these_o vapour_n if_o the_o vapour_n keep_v under_o do_v raise_v the_o sea_n up_o or_o if_o the_o sea_n swell_v with_o these_o vapour_n in_o her_o womb_n how_o can_v she_o let_v they_o out_o 2_o how_o will_v he_o prove_v the_o sea_n natural_o to_o be_v hot_a since_o it_o be_v one_o of_o the_o cold_a element_n three_o where_o he_o say_v that_o the_o light_n of_o the_o moon_n be_v but_o in_o half_o impart_v to_o the_o sea_n why_o shall_v not_o the_o sea_n proportional_o in_o half_a be_v stir_v up_o wherefore_o patricius_n and_o casman_n find_v neither_o the_o sun_n nor_o the_o moon_n of_o itself_o to_o be_v a_o sole_a or_o sufficient_a cause_n of_o this_o motion_n have_v join_v they_o both_o together_o in_o this_o causality_n and_o add_v beside_o other_o particular_a cause_n first_o say_v they_o there_o be_v two_o kind_n of_o cause_n concur_v to_o that_o effect_n either_o universal_a and_o external_a or_o particular_a internal_a and_o next_o cause_n the_o universal_a cause_n be_v two_o to_o wit_n the_o sun_n and_o the_o moon_n the_o sun_n say_v he_o with_o the_o heat_n of_o his_o beam_n and_o light_n do_v conserve_v vivificate_a and_o stir_v up_o to_o action_n the_o internal_a and_o original_a heat_n in_o all_o thing_n here_o below_o this_o heat_n be_v stir_v up_o and_o vivificate_v all_o thing_n be_v make_v fit_a for_o motion_n and_o be_v so_o accommodate_v be_v stir_v up_o to_o motion_n as_o if_o from_o a_o internal_a life_n they_o shall_v be_v promote_v to_o a_o external_a for_o as_o in_o the_o primary_n life_n of_o thing_n the_o motion_n and_o action_n be_v show_v in_o the_o essence_n in_o the_o secondary_a the_o action_n and_o motion_n outward_o in_o respect_n of_o other_o thing_n so_o the_o first_o and_o original_a heat_n of_o the_o sea_n cherish_v &_o stir_v up_o by_o the_o external_a heat_n of_o the_o sun_n drive_v the_o ocean_n and_o move_v it_o to_o action_n the_o moon_n also_o cherish_v preserve_v vivificate_n nourish_v and_o stir_v up_o to_o motion_n all_o these_o earthly_a humour_n and_o moisture_n and_o as_o she_o daily_o by_o hour_n behold_v the_o sun_n as_o her_o darling_n and_o by_o he_o be_v as_o it_o be_v big-bellied_a with_o lively_a seed_n so_o she_o behold_v her_o love_n the_o ocean_n day_n and_o night_n and_o fill_v the_o ocean_n with_o these_o seed_n which_o she_o receive_v from_o the_o sun_n but_o this_o can_v be_v perform_v without_o her_o motion_n without_o the_o diffusion_n of_o her_o light_n without_o the_o effusion_n of_o her_o influence_n &_o seed_n wherefore_o it_o can_v otherwise_o be_v but_o all_o our_o humour_n and_o moisture_n shall_v be_v make_v fruitful_a conceive_v life_n bring_v forth_o bear_v fruit_n and_o be_v stir_v up_o to_o life_n and_o motion_n by_o the_o motion_n of_o the_o moon_n through_o the_o aspect_n of_o the_o moon_n with_o the_o sun_n with_o the_o earth_n with_o the_o ocean_n wherefore_o all_o low_a moisture_n be_v subject_a to_o the_o power_n of_o the_o moon_n notwithstanding_o all_o be_v not_o equal_o under_o her_o dominion_n since_o all_o be_v not_o of_o the_o same_o substance_n of_o the_o same_o rarity_n or_o density_n or_o of_o the_o same_o heat_n reason_n all_o â—aged_v from_o the_o caspian_a sea_n may_v be_v ascribe_v to_o the_o thickness_n of_o the_o water_n not_o suffer_v any_o thing_n to_o sink_v into_o it_o so_o that_o for_o the_o crassitude_n of_o it_o it_o must_v needs_o be_v heavy_a than_o other_o water_n and_o so_o more_o unapt_a for_o motion_n three_o it_o be_v record_v by_o some_o that_o in_o the_o inmost_a creek_n of_o the_o red_a sea_n there_o be_v a_o motion_n and_o so_o in_o the_o mouth_n of_o it_o by_o reason_n of_o the_o ocean_n but_o in_o the_o middle_n no_o such_o matter_n be_v to_o be_v observe_v which_o strange_a effect_n some_o ascribe_v to_o the_o thinness_n of_o the_o water_n one_o of_o the_o causeâ—_n above_o name_v beget_v few_o and_o weak_a vapour_n and_o spirit_n which_o either_o straightway_o breath_n out_o or_o be_v too_o weak_a to_o raise_v up_o the_o water_n this_o thinness_n be_v confirm_v to_o be_v in_o that_o middle_a part_n of_o the_o red_a sea_n not_o only_o out_o of_o the_o authority_n of_o john_n barro_n out_o of_o the_o experiment_n of_o john_n de_fw-fr castro_n which_o find_v this_o water_n to_o be_v clear_a and_o like_a to_o crystal_n then_o that_o of_o other_o part_n but_o also_o by_o the_o clear_a perspicuity_n of_o it_o for_o in_o almost_o all_o the_o sea_n may_v the_o bottom_n plain_o be_v see_v four_o we_o read_v the_o like_a of_o the_o baltic_a sea_n that_o it_o never_o ebb_v or_o flow_v which_o bartholomew_n kackerman_n that_o countryman_n ascribe_v 1._o to_o the_o narrowness_n of_o the_o channel_n 2._o to_o the_o depth_n of_o it_o 3._o to_o the_o northern_a situation_n which_o cause_n i_o think_v he_o may_v well_o have_v spare_v consider_v that_o more_o northern_a sea_n then_o that_o both_o ebb_n and_o flow_v five_o it_o be_v report_v of_o maotis_n pontus_n and_o proppotis_n that_o they_o flow_v from_o the_o one_o to_o the_o other_o but_o never_o ebb_v for_o maotis_n flow_v into_o the_o pontic_a sea_n as_o from_o the_o high_a place_n into_o the_o low_a and_o the_o pontic_a into_o the_o propontick_a &_o aegean_a for_o the_o same_o cause_n but_o return_v not_o back_o again_o but_o beside_o this_o cause_n of_o this_o declinity_n of_o the_o ground_n it_o stand_v with_o reason_n that_o the_o water_n shall_v be_v fresh_a than_o that_o in_o other_o place_n of_o the_o sea_n for_o first_o all_o of_o they_o receive_v into_o they_o many_o and_o great_a river_n of_o fresh_a water_n for_o maotis_n palus_n beside_o other_o partake_v of_o tanais_n into_o pontus_n fall_n according_a to_o arcanus_fw-la report_n about_o 52_o fresh_a river_n whereof_o the_o chief_a be_v ister_n hispanis_n boristhenes_n tanais_n phasis_n all_o great_a current_n second_o the_o forename_a fish_n which_o delight_n in_o fresh_a spring_n be_v here_o also_o find_v in_o abundance_n beside_o this_o freshness_n if_o we_o believe_v ancient_a writer_n as_o pliny_n and_o other_o it_o be_v a_o sea_n of_o extraordinary_a depth_n so_o that_o for_o this_o cause_n some_o part_n of_o it_o be_v call_v negrepont_n or_o the_o blacke-sea_n which_o blackness_n be_v by_o some_o think_v to_o arise_v from_o the_o depth_n of_o it_o wherein_o in_o many_o place_n they_o can_v sound_v no_o bottom_n six_o it_o be_v testify_v of_o the_o tyrrhene_a ligurian_a and_o narbon_n sea_n that_o they_o suffer_v not_o this_o motion_n the_o cause_n of_o which_o be_v only_o ascribe_v to_o the_o extreme_a depth_n for_o few_o or_o no_o river_n be_v disburden_v into_o it_o except_o rhodanus_n we_o be_v in_o the_o next_o place_n to_o show_v why_o this_o work_n of_o the_o sea_n be_v more_o in_o one_o place_n then_o in_o another_o the_o reason_n whereof_o although_o many_o be_v think_v on_o be_v chief_o reduce_v either_o to_o the_o excess_n of_o saltness_n in_o the_o water_n or_o the_o narrowness_n of_o the_o channel_n into_o which_o from_o a_o open_a place_n the_o sea_n be_v to_o be_v disburden_v or_o the_o shallowness_n of_o the_o shore_n all_o which_o either_o concur_v together_o or_o take_v by_o themselves_o apart_o may_v cause_v the_o sea_n to_o swell_v more_o in_o one_o place_v they_o another_o which_o may_v as_o the_o former_a be_v prove_v by_o diverse_a instance_n four_o sea_n be_v more_o particular_o note_v to_o flow_v and_o swell_v high_o than_o other_o the_o first_o be_v that_o compass_v about_o europe_n from_o hercules_n pillar_n which_o according_a to_o diverse_a shore_n take_v diverse_a name_n as_o the_o portugal_n cantabrian_n gallican_n belgic_a and_o british_a sea_n and_o in_o the_o new_a world_n or_o america_n the_o southern_a sea_n shall_v be_v the_o second_o the_o three_o be_v that_o of_o cambaia_n and_o india_n the_o four_o be_v that_o which_o compass_v about_o taprobana_n for_o the_o three_o last_o the_o cause_n fore-specified_n seem_v manifest_o to_o concur_v for_o taprobana_n be_v report_v by_o pliny_n to_o have_v a_o shore_n not_o above_o six_o pace_n deep_a and_o the_o sea_n to_o be_v green_a and_o overgrow_v with_o weed_n in_o so_o much_o that_o the_o top_n of_o the_o weed_n fret_v their_o ship_n and_o late_a writer_n report_v that_o the_o land_n be_v know_v to_o augment_v the_o confine_n by_o reason_n of_o the_o shallowness_n of_o the_o water_n so_o as_o we_o have_v show_v that_o some_o sea_n neither_o ebb_n nor_o flow_v by_o reason_n of_o the_o depth_n of_o the_o channel_n so_o on_o the_o other_o side_n must_v it_o follow_v that_o other_o sea_n ebb_v and_o flow_v more_o by_o reason_n of_o the_o shortness_n and_o shallowness_n of_o the_o shore_n for_o of_o contrary_a â—_z proceed_v ordinary_o contrary_a effect_n moreover_o it_o
and_o compass_n dare_v not_o adventure_v into_o the_o ocean_n so_o far_o out_o of_o sight_n of_o land_n but_o to_o give_v the_o opposite_a part_n all_o reasonable_a advantage_n admit_v the_o strait_n divide_v asia_n and_o america_n be_v very_o narrow_a and_o within_o ken_n be_v it_o likely_a that_o from_o hence_o thâ—y_o can_v by_o ship_n transport_v so_o many_o knde_n of_o creature_n can_v we_o believe_v any_o man_n to_o be_v so_o mad_a as_o to_o carry_v over_o with_o he_o lion_n bear_n tiger_n fox_n and_o other_o innumerable_a sort_n of_o ravenous_a and_o unprofitable_a beast_n as_o pernicious_a to_o mankind_n as_o other_o creature_n serve_v for_o his_o use_n if_o any_o be_v find_v so_o foolish_a or_o malicious_a yet_o be_v it_o very_o unlikely_a he_o shall_v transport_v so_o many_o kind_n this_o argument_n seem_v no_o more_o to_o concern_v america_n than_o most_o land_n of_o the_o world_n wherein_o we_o find_v diverse_a creature_n not_o only_o serve_v for_o the_o use_n of_o man_n but_o many_o unprofitable_a &_o hateful_a to_o the_o inhabitant_n the_o mean_n of_o this_o transportation_n be_v very_o difficult_a to_o find_v st_n augustine_n with_o some_o other_o divine_n have_v be_v drive_v to_o a_o supernatural_a cause_n as_o if_o almighty_a god_n shall_v perform_v this_o matter_n by_o the_o ministry_n of_o angel_n which_o answer_v we_o dare_v not_o utter_o reject_v be_v support_v by_o the_o authority_n of_o so_o great_a a_o pillar_n of_o the_o church_n yet_o i_o can_v so_o easy_o imagine_v that_o god_n who_o use_v natural_a mean_n for_o the_o preservation_n of_o all_o live_a creature_n in_o the_o ark_n shall_v have_v recourse_n to_o a_o supernatural_a power_n in_o the_o propagation_n of_o these_o creature_n on_o the_o face_n of_o the_o earth_n wherefore_o to_o i_o the_o reason_n will_v seem_v better_o answer_v out_o of_o our_o ground_n which_o we_o shall_v prove_v hereafter_o that_o land_n be_v not_o from_o the_o first_o creation_n but_o afterward_o break_v from_o the_o main_a continent_n by_o the_o violence_n of_o the_o water_n hence_o it_o may_v come_v to_o pass_v that_o such_o beast_n as_o be_v in_o the_o part_n of_o the_o earth_n so_o break_v off_o have_v since_o there_o continue_v by_o continual_a propagation_n until_o this_o day_n i_o mean_v of_o ravenous_a and_o hurtful_a beast_n because_o of_o the_o other_o less_o doubt_n can_v be_v make_v but_o that_o they_o may_v be_v convey_v from_o one_o country_n into_o another_o by_o ship_v to_o serve_v the_o necessity_n of_o mankind_n here_o we_o see_v that_o no_o argument_n as_o yet_o have_v be_v urge_v so_o strong_a against_o the_o north-passage_n but_o may_v with_o reasonable_a probability_n be_v answer_v it_o remain_v in_o the_o second_o place_n that_o we_o descend_v somewhat_o to_o particular_n to_o inquire_v whether_o this_o be_v to_o be_v effect_v either_o towards_o the_o north-east_n or_o the_o northwest_n the_o north-east_n passage_n have_v heretofore_o be_v attempt_v by_o many_o of_o our_o english_a navigatour_n but_o with_o unhappy_a success_n yet_o be_v not_o these_o voyage_n altogether_o fruitless_a forasmuch_o as_o by_o this_o mean_n a_o way_n be_v find_v out_o to_o russia_n whence_o begin_v the_o first_o trade_n between_o we_o and_o the_o russian_a merchant_n but_o that_o little_a hope_n can_v hence_o arise_v sundry_a reason_n may_v be_v allege_v the_o chief_a whereof_o be_v these_o 1_o the_o dangerous_a rend_n of_o the_o scythick_n cape_n set_v by_o ortelius_n under_o 80_o degree_n northward_o together_o with_o the_o perilous_a sail_v in_o those_o northern_a sea_n always_o pester_v with_o ice_n and_o snow_n second_v by_o diverse_a bay_n or_o shelf_n mist_n fog_n long_a and_o darksome_a night_n most_o adverse_a to_o any_o happy_a navigation_n 2_o the_o observation_n of_o the_o water_n which_o be_v more_o shallow_a towards_o the_o east_n which_o give_v small_a hope_n of_o a_o through_o passage_n because_o all_o sea_n be_v feed_v with_o water_n and_o for_o the_o most_o part_n be_v observe_v to_o be_v more_o shallow_a towards_o the_o shore_n then_o in_o the_o middle_n but_o where_o in_o sail_v forward_o any_o sea_n be_v find_v to_o decrease_v in_o depth_n it_o be_v a_o likely_a argument_n that_o it_o be_v rather_o a_o creek_n bay_fw-mi or_o river_n than_o a_o straight_o notwithstanding_o these_o reason_n some_o have_v heretofore_o go_v about_o to_o prove_v a_o passage_n by_o the_o north-east_n to_o cathay_n of_o which_o opinion_n be_v antony_n jenkinson_n who_o reason_n be_v well_o answer_v by_o sr_n humphrey_n gilbert_n which_o i_o brief_o touch_v add_v some_o thing_n of_o my_o own_o as_o i_o find_v occasion_n the_o first_o reason_n be_v draw_v from_o a_o relation_n of_o tartarian_a who_o report_v that_o in_o hunt_v the_o morse_n he_o sail_v very_o far_o towards_o the_o southeast_n wherein_o he_o find_v no_o end_n which_o may_v give_v a_o likely_a conjecture_n that_o it_o be_v a_o passage_n throughout_o but_o to_o this_o we_o may_v easy_o answer_v that_o the_o tartarian_n be_v a_o barbarous_a nation_n altogether_o ignorant_a of_o navigation_n which_o neither_o know_v the_o use_n of_o the_o chart_fw-la compass_n or_o celestial_a observation_n &_o therefore_o in_o a_o wide_a sea_n know_v not_o how_o to_o distinguish_v the_o north-east_n from_o the_o southeast_n beside_o the_o curious_a search_n of_o this_o long_a passage_n must_v depend_v on_o better_a discovery_n than_o a_o poor_a fisherman_n who_o seldom_o dare_v adventure_v himself_o out_o of_o sight_n of_o land_n beside_o the_o fisherman_n judge_v by_o sight_n can_v not_o see_v about_o a_o ken_n at_o sea_n which_o will_v prove_v nothing_o in_o regard_n of_o so_o long_a a_o distance_n the_o second_o reason_n urge_v by_o mr_n jenkinson_n be_v this_o that_o there_o be_v a_o vnicorne_n horn_n find_v upon_o the_o coast_n of_o tartary_n which_o can_v not_o come_v say_v he_o by_o any_o other_o mean_v then_o with_o the_o tide_n in_o some_o straight_o in_o the_o north-east_n in_o the_o freeze_a sea_n there_o be_v no_o unicorn_n in_o all_o asia_n save_v in_o iâ—dia_n and_o cataia_n to_o this_o reason_n i_o may_v answer_v with_o sr_n humphrey_n gilbert_n many_o way_n 1_o we_o may_v well_o doubt_v whether_o tartarian_n know_v a_o true_a unicorn_n horn_n or_o no_o 2_o it_o be_v credible_a that_o it_o can_v be_v drive_v so_o far_o by_o the_o tide_n be_v of_o such_o a_o nature_n that_o it_o can_v swim_v 3_o the_o tide_n run_v to_o and_o fro_o will_v have_v drive_v it_o as_o far_o back_o with_o the_o ebb_n as_o it_o bring_v it_o forward_o with_o the_o flood_n 4_o the_o horn_n which_o be_v cast_v on_o this_o coast_n may_v be_v the_o horn_n of_o a_o asinus_fw-la indicuâ—_fw-la which_o have_v but_o one_o horn_n like_o a_o unicorn_n in_o his_o forehead_n whereof_o there_o be_v great_a plenty_n in_o all_o the_o north_n part_n as_o in_o lappia_n norvegia_n finmarke_n as_o zeigler_n testify_v in_o his_o history_n of_o scandia_n 5_o last_o there_o be_v a_o fish_n which_o have_v a_o horn_n in_o his_o sore-head_n câ—lled_v the_o sea_n unicorn_n whereof_o martin_n frobisher_n find_v one_o on_o the_o coast_n of_o newfoundland_n and_o give_v it_o to_o queen_n elizabeth_n which_o be_v say_v to_o be_v put_v into_o her_o wardrobe_n but_o whether_o it_o be_v the_o same_o which_o be_v at_o this_o day_n to_o be_v see_v at_o windsor_n castle_n i_o can_v tell_v the_o three_o and_o strong_a reason_n which_o be_v urge_v for_o the_o north-east_n passage_n be_v this_o that_o there_o be_v a_o continual_a current_n through_o the_o freeze_a sea_n of_o such_o swiftness_n that_o if_o any_o thing_n be_v throw_v into_o the_o water_n it_o will_v present_o be_v carry_v out_o of_o sight_n to_o this_o we_o may_v easy_o answer_v that_o this_o strong_a current_n be_v not_o maintain_v by_o any_o tide_n come_v from_o another_o sea_n but_o by_o diverse_a great_a river_n fall_v into_o this_o straight_a in_o like_a sort_n we_o find_v a_o strong_a current_n from_o maeotis_n palus_n by_o pontus_n euxinus_n sinus_n bosphorus_n and_o along_o all_o the_o coast_n of_o greci_fw-la as_o contarenus_n and_o diverse_a other_o affirm_v out_o of_o their_o own_o experience_n and_o yet_o the_o sea_n lie_v not_o open_a to_o any_o other_o sea_n but_o be_v maintain_v by_o tanais_n and_o diverse_a other_o river_n so_o in_o this_o north-east_n part_n may_v this_o current_n of_o water_n be_v maintain_v by_o the_o river_n duâ—â—a_n ob_fw-la and_o many_o other_o which_o continual_o fall_v into_o it_o hitherto_o have_v we_o treat_v of_o other_o passage_n either_o effect_v or_o attempt_v to_o cathay_n and_o the_o east_n indies_n the_o last_o and_o most_o desire_a and_o seek_v in_o our_o time_n be_v that_o by_o the_o north_n west_n this_o way_n have_v be_v often_o attempt_v as_o by_o cabot_n davis_n frobisher_n hudson_n sr_n thomas_n button_n and_o
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