Selected quad for the lemma: cause_n

Word A	Word B	Word C	Word D	Occurrence	Frequency Band	MI	MI Band	Prominent
cause_n	alienate_v	part_n	unavoidable_a	20	3	16.8392	5	false

Text snippets containing the quad

ID	Title	Author	Corrected Date of Publication (TCP Date of Publication)	STC	Words	Pages
A42237	The most excellent Hugo Grotius, his three books treating of the rights of war & peace in the first is handled, whether any war be just : in the second is shewed, the causes of war, both just and unjust : in the third is declared, what in war is lawful, that is, unpunishable : with the annotations digested into the body of every chapter / translated into English by William Evats ...; De jure belli et pacis. English	Grotius, Hugo, 1583-1645.; Evats, William.	1682 (1682)	Wing G2126; ESTC R8527	890,585	490

own_o safety_n by_o flight_n be_v the_o most_o probable_a opinion_n notwithstanding_o the_o charge_n give_v by_o the_o apostle_n 16_o gal._n 6.5_o tit._n 2.9_o ●_o pet._n ●_o 16_o and_o by_o the_o ancient_a canon_n forbid_v servant_n to_o flee_v from_o their_o own_o master_n because_o those_o precept_n be_v general_a and_o oppose_v only_o to_o that_o error_n which_o be_v then_o grow_v namely_o that_o deny_v all_o manner_n of_o subjection_n whether_o public_a or_o private_a as_o be_v inconsistent_a with_o christian_a liberty_n xxx_o there_o be_v divers_a kind_n of_o servitude_n beside_o that_o slavery_n which_o be_v perfect_a there_o be_v other_o imperfect_a as_o those_o that_o be_v limit_v to_o a_o certain_a time_n or_o to_o certain_a thing_n or_o upon_o condition_n of_o such_o there_o be_v divers_a among_o the_o roman_n as_o that_o of_o their_o liberti_fw-la nexi_fw-la addicti_fw-la asscripti_fw-la glebae_fw-la statu_fw-la liberi_fw-la as_o also_o among_o the_o jew_n there_o be_v those_o that_o serve_v seven_o year_n and_o that_o bind_v themselves_o until_o the_o next_o jubilee_n and_o then_o be_v free_a and_o such_o be_v the_o penestae_n among_o the_o thessalonian_o and_o all_o mercenary_n among_o who_o be_v to_o be_v reckon_v our_o apprentice_n here_o in_o england_n who_o for_o a_o certain_a number_n of_o year_n be_v under_o so_o hard_a a_o discipline_n as_o do_v but_o little_o distinguish_v they_o from_o those_o of_o a_o servile_a condition_n and_o such_o like_a all_o which_o difference_n do_v depend_v either_o upon_o some_o law_n or_o upon_o some_o contract_n his_o servitude_n also_o seem_v to_o be_v natural_o imperfect_a who_o be_v bear_v of_o parent_n whereof_o one_o of_o they_o be_v bond_n and_o the_o other_o free_a for_o the_o cause_n aforesaid_a xxxi_o public_a subjection_n by_o consent_n public_a subjection_n be_v when_o any_o one_o nation_n or_o people_n do_v give_v themselves_o up_o to_o the_o power_n and_o command_v of_o another_o either_o of_o one_o man_n or_o many_o or_o of_o another_o people_n or_o nation_n the_o form_n of_o such_o a_o voluntary_a rendition_n we_o have_v already_o set_v down_o in_o that_o of_o capua_n the_o like_a be_v that_o of_o the_o people_n of_o collatia_n do_v you_o give_v up_o unto_o i_o and_o unto_o the_o jurisdiction_n of_o the_o people_n of_o rome_n the_o collatine_n people_n with_o their_o city_n field_n water_n bound_n temple_n utensil_n with_o all_o thing_n else_o whether_o divine_a or_o humane_a we_o do_v say_v they_o and_o i_o accept_v thereof_o whereunto_o plautus_n seem_v to_o allude_v in_o his_o amphitryo_n all_o which_o the_o persian_n comprehend_v under_o the_o general_a name_n of_o earth_n and_o water_n this_o be_v a_o absolute_a subjection_n but_o there_o be_v some_o likewise_o that_o be_v not_o so_o full_a and_o absolute_a in_o respect_n either_o of_o their_o manner_n of_o hold_v it_o or_o of_o that_o arbitrary_a power_n of_o command_n of_o the_o several_a degree_n whereof_o we_o have_v already_o elsewhere_o discourse_v 3._o lib._n 1._o c._n 3._o xxxii_o what_o right_o be_v gain_v over_o person_n by_o way_n of_o punishment_n there_o be_v likewise_o a_o involuntary_a subjection_n when_o by_o reason_n of_o some_o delinquency_n we_o forfeit_v our_o liberty_n and_o be_v forcible_o reduce_v into_o servitude_n by_o such_o as_o have_v a_o right_a to_o punish_v we_o and_o who_o those_o be_v we_o shall_v show_v hereafter_o and_o thus_o may_v not_o only_o private_a man_n be_v bring_v into_o slavery_n as_o at_o rome_n qui_fw-la ad_fw-la dilectum_fw-la non_fw-la respondebat_fw-la he_o that_o refuse_v to_o perform_v a_o office_n be_v thereunto_o choose_v and_o they_o that_o be_v not_o enroll_v or_o register_v in_o the_o number_n of_o citizen_n and_o afterward_o woman_n who_o though_o otherwise_o ingenuous_a yet_o if_o they_o marry_v another_o man_n servant_n lose_v their_o own_o freedom_n but_o the_o public_a thing_n of_o a_o nation_n may_v be_v thus_o subject_v for_o some_o public_a injury_n do_v but_o with_o this_o difference_n that_o if_o the_o state_n be_v bring_v into_o captivity_n it_o be_v perpetual_a for_o as_o in_o the_o laurel_n though_o the_o leaf_n die_v yet_o be_v the_o tree_n always_o green_a so_o though_o every_o person_n in_o that_o nation_n be_v mortal_a yet_o do_v succession_n make_v the_o people_n immortal_a but_o in_o personal_a bondage_n noxa_fw-la sequitur_fw-la caput_fw-la the_o punishment_n never_o exceed_v the_o person_n offend_v but_o both_o these_o servitude_n as_o well_o private_a as_o public_a be_v penal_a may_v be_v either_o perfect_a or_o imperfect_a according_a to_o the_o offence_n and_o punishment_n thereunto_o due_a now_o of_o that_o servitude_n whether_o private_a o●_n public_a that_o arise_v from_o the_o voluntary_a law_n of_o nation_n we_o shall_v have_v occasion_n to_o treat_v when_o we_o come_v to_o the_o direful_a effect_n of_o war._n chap._n vi_o of_o that_o right_n which_o be_v derivative_o acquire_v by_o the_o voluntary_a fact_n of_o a_o man_n wherein_o be_v handle_v the_o right_n of_o alienation_n of_o empire_n and_o thing_n thereunto_o belong_v i._o to_o make_v a_o alienation_n valid_a what_o be_v require_v from_o the_o giver_n ii_o what_o be_v require_v from_o the_o receiver_n iii_o that_o empire_n may_v be_v alienate_v sometime_o by_o the_o king_n sometime_o by_o the_o people_n iv_o that_o the_o government_n over_o one_o part_n of_o a_o nation_n can_v be_v alienate_v by_o the_o people_n if_o that_o part_n dissent_n or_o be_v unwilling_a v._o neither_o can_v one_o part_n alienate_v the_o government_n over_o themselves_o unless_o in_o case_n of_o unavoidable_a necessity_n vi_o the_o cause_n or_o reason_n of_o this_o vii_o that_o the_o empire_n over_o some_o place_n may_v be_v alienate_v viii_o that_o no_o part_n of_o a_o empire_n may_v be_v alienate_v by_o the_o king_n either_o for_o profit_n or_o necessity_n ix_o under_o this_o title_n of_o alienation_n all_o feoffment_n and_o mortgage_n be_v comprehend_v x._o so_o under_o empire_n be_v all_o lesser_a jurisdiction_n which_o can_v be_v alienate_v but_o by_o the_o special_a consent_n of_o the_o people_n or_o by_o custom_n xi_o no_o more_o can_v the_o people_n patrimony_n be_v alienate_v by_o the_o king_n xii_o that_o the_o fruit_n and_o mean_a profit_n of_o the_o patrimony_n must_v be_v distinguish_v from_o the_o patrimony_n itself_o xiii_o some_o part_n of_o the_o people_n patrimony_n may_v be_v engage_v by_o the_o king_n for_o debt_n how_o far_o and_o why_o fourteen_o that_o a_o man_n testament_n be_v a_o kind_n of_o alienation_n and_o be_v warrant_v by_o the_o law_n of_o nature_n i._o what_o be_v requisite_a to_o a_o perfect_a alienation_n hitherto_o we_o have_v speak_v of_o original_a right_n now_o we_o be_v to_o treat_v of_o that_o right_n which_o we_o derive_v from_o another_o and_o this_o may_v be_v do_v either_o by_o the_o fact_n of_o the_o person_n that_o give_v it_o or_o by_o some_o law_n that_o warrant_v it_o for_o that_o the_o right_a owner_n of_o thing_n shall_v have_v power_n to_o assign_v their_o interest_n either_o whole_o or_o in_o part_n unto_o other_o propriety_n be_v once_o introduce_v be_v most_o agreeable_a to_o the_o law_n of_o nature_n and_o therefore_o aristotle_n place_v it_o in_o the_o very_a definition_n of_o dominion_n as_o if_o that_o only_o be_v true_o and_o simple_o we_o 5._o 1_o rhet._n 5._o which_o we_o have_v a_o right_a to_o alienate_v wherein_o two_o thing_n only_o be_v to_o be_v observe_v one_o in_o the_o donor_n the_o other_o in_o the_o donee_n first_o in_o the_o donor_n the_o internal_a act_n of_o the_o will_v only_o be_v not_o sufficient_a unless_o it_o be_v declare_v by_o some_o overt_a act_n as_o by_o word_n or_o some_o other_o external_a sign_n for_o of_o the_o inward_a act_n of_o the_o mind_n we_o be_v no_o competent_a judge_n neither_o be_v it_o congruous_a to_o the_o nature_n of_o humane_a society_n but_o that_o there_o shall_v be_v also_o a_o public_a delivery_n of_o the_o thing_n transfer_v be_v require_v by_o the_o civil_a law_n which_o be_v now_o receive_v by_o most_o nation_n be_v though_o improper_o say_v to_o be_v require_v by_o the_o law_n of_o nation_n so_o in_o some_o place_n it_o be_v require_v that_o every_o alienation_n shall_v be_v publish_v either_o before_o the_o people_n or_o before_o the_o magistrate_n and_o that_o it_o shall_v be_v also_o record_v all_o which_o do_v certain_o proceed_v from_o the_o civil_a law_n but_o because_o every_o alienation_n of_o a_o man_n right_n ought_v to_o be_v do_v with_o sound_a judgement_n therefore_o the_o act_n of_o the_o will_n that_o be_v express_v by_o some_o overt_a sign_n be_v to_o be_v understand_v the_o act_n of_o a_o mind_n endue_v with_o reason_n ii_o what_o in_o the_o receiver_n so_o likewise_o in_o the_o receiver_n set_v aside_o the_o civil_a law_n it_o be_v natural_o requisite_a that_o he_o shall_v express_v

barony_n that_o be_v hold_v by_o homage_n or_o fealty_n to_o the_o chief_a lord_n england_n this_o be_v the_o succession_n of_o the_o kingdom_n of_o england_n as_o in_o the_o county_n of_o artoise_n champaign_n tolouse_n and_o britain_n this_o be_v the_o order_n of_o succession_n prescribe_v unto_o the_o duchy_n of_o mantua_n by_o the_o emperor_n sigismond_n anno_fw-la 1432._o and_o by_o charles_n the_o five_o emperor_n and_o king_n of_o spain_n to_o philip_n the_o second_o in_o his_o kingdom_n and_o principality_n but_o the_o proof_n of_o this_o lineal_a succession_n though_o there_o be_v no_o law_n or_o example_n to_o guide_v we_o may_v be_v take_v from_o the_o order_n that_o be_v observe_v in_o public_a assembly_n for_o if_o in_o that_o order_n regard_v be_v have_v to_o lineal_a descent_n it_o will_v be_v a_o sign_n that_o the_o hope_n conceive_v of_o the_o child_n of_o the_o decease_a be_v by_o law_n quicken_v into_o a_o just_a right_n so_o that_o it_o may_v well_o pass_v from_o the_o dead_a to_o the_o live_n this_o be_v that_o lineal_a cognatical_a succession_n wherein_o woman_n and_o those_o that_o be_v bear_v of_o they_o be_v not_o exclude_v but_o only_o postponed_a in_o the_o same_o line_n so_o that_o recourse_n be_v have_v unto_o they_o in_o case_n the_o male_n that_o be_v near_o or_o that_o those_o bear_v from_o male_n in_o a_o equal_a line_n shall_v fail_v the_o ground_n whereof_o as_o it_o differ_v from_o a_o hereditary_a succession_n be_v the_o hope_n which_o the_o people_n conceive_v of_o they_o who_o be_v near_o relate_v to_o the_o prince_n in_o possession_n and_o who_o have_v the_o just_a hope_n to_o succeed_v he_o that_o they_o have_v education_n answerable_a to_o their_o high_a birth_n and_o hope_n such_o be_v the_o child_n of_o those_o parent_n who_o have_v they_o live_v must_v have_v succeed_v xxiii_o the_o lineal_a succession_n of_o the_o male_n only_o agnatical_a succession_n there_o be_v likewise_o another_o lineal_a succession_n of_o male_n only_a which_o be_v call_v agnatical_a which_o differ_v from_o the_o cognatical_a in_o that_o it_o exclude_v female_n and_o admit_v only_o of_o male_n which_o from_o the_o kingdom_n of_o france_n take_v its_o rise_n and_o be_v therefore_o call_v the_o french_a succession_n though_o the_o kingdom_n of_o israel_n seem_v to_o have_v be_v thus_o settle_v 2_o chron._n 13.5_o and_o the_o chief_a reason_n of_o this_o be_v to_o debar_v stranger_n from_o the_o crown_n by_o marry_v the_o king_n daughter_n in_o both_o these_o lineal_a succession_n all_o be_v admit_v that_o be_v any_o way_n ally_v though_o in_o degree_n never_o so_o remote_a from_o the_o last_o possessor_n whilst_o they_o can_v derive_v themselves_o from_o the_o first_o king_n and_o in_o some_o place_n where_o the_o agnatical_a succession_n be_v deficient_a recourse_n be_v have_v to_o the_o cognatical_a nay_o and_o this_o latter_a be_v sometime_o prefer_v before_o the_o former_a as_o in_o aethiopia_n where_o the_o king_n sister_n son_n do_v always_o succeed_v he_o which_o bede_n record_v also_o of_o the_o pict_n where_o the_o kindred_n of_o the_o woman_n be_v prefer_v to_o the_o succession_n the_o like_a we_o read_v of_o the_o indian_n so_o tacitus_n of_o the_o german_n that_o their_o king_n give_v the_o great_a honour_n to_o their_o sister_n son_n as_o be_v near_o in_o blood_n to_o they_o xxiv_o a_o succession_n that_o always_o respect_v the_o proximity_n to_o the_o first_o king_n 1._o livy_n lib._n 29._o vand._n l._n 1._o other_o manner_n of_o succession_n may_v be_v introduce_v either_o by_o the_o people_n or_o at_o the_o pleasure_n of_o he_o who_o hold_v the_o kingdom_n in_o a_o patrimonial_a right_n so_o that_o he_o may_v alienate_v it_o for_o he_o may_v so_o settle_v the_o succession_n that_o they_o that_o be_v next_o to_o himself_o at_o all_o time_n may_v be_v prefer_v before_o other_o as_o it_o be_v ancient_o among_o the_o numidian_n where_o for_o the_o like_a cause_n the_o uncle_n do_v succeed_v in_o the_o kingdom_n before_o the_o child_n of_o the_o last_o king_n this_o custom_n be_v introduce_v in_o africa_n by_o the_o testament_n of_o gizerick_n wherein_o among_o many_o other_o thing_n he_o charge_v his_o vandal_n that_o they_o shall_v admit_v of_o he_o only_o into_o the_o throne_n that_o shall_v be_v at_o any_o time_n nearest_o unto_o himself_o in_o a_o right_n masculine_a line_n and_o of_o they_o still_o the_o elder_a and_o then_o the_o next_o in_o order_n wherein_o he_o regard_v not_o the_o present_a possessor_n but_o the_o first_o acquisitor_n which_o order_n whether_o gizerick_n himself_o learn_v from_o the_o african_n among_o who_o it_o have_v be_v long_o observe_v or_o whether_o they_o learn_v it_o from_o some_o of_o our_o northern_a nation_n be_v a_o question_n the_o like_a be_v of_o old_a in_o use_n among_o the_o happy_a arabian_n as_o may_v be_v gather_v out_o of_o strabo_n and_o the_o late_a historian_n report_v the_o same_o of_o taurica_n chersonesus_n 16._o lib._n 16._o neither_o be_v it_o so_o long_o since_o the_o king_n of_o fez_n and_o morocco_n do_v the_o like_a livy_n speak_v of_o massinissa_n say_v that_o whilst_o he_o make_v war_n in_o spain_n for_o the_o carthaginian_n his_o father_n die_v the_o kingdom_n fall_v according_a to_o the_o custom_n of_o the_o numidian_n unto_o desalces_n the_o decease_a king_n brother_n the_o same_o custom_n be_v in_o force_n throughout_o all_o mauritania_n as_o mariana_n testify_v and_o in_o the_o kingdom_n of_o mexico_n and_o peru_n as_o the_o history_n of_o those_o part_n record_v now_o the_o same_o if_o in_o doubt_n be_v to_o be_v observe_v in_o thing_n commit_v to_o trust_v if_o it_o be_v leave_v to_o the_o family_n and_o this_o agree_v best_a with_o the_o roman_a law_n though_o some_o interpreter_n do_v wrest_v it_o otherwise_o these_o thing_n premise_v it_o will_v be_v no_o hard_a matter_n to_o resolve_v all_o controversy_n which_o do_v arise_v concern_v the_o right_n of_o kingdom_n which_o the_o different_a opinion_n of_o lawyer_n have_v make_v so_o intricate_a xxv_o whether_o the_o son_n may_v be_v so_o exheredate_v that_o he_o shall_v not_o succeed_v in_o his_o father_n kingdom_n and_o in_o the_o first_o place_n this_o question_n arise_v whether_o a_o father_n may_v exheredate_v his_o son_n so_o that_o he_o shall_v not_o succeed_v in_o his_o kingdom_n where_o we_o must_v distinguish_v between_o patrimonial_a kingdom_n which_o be_v alienable_a and_o such_o as_o be_v not_o alienable_a in_o the_o former_a there_o be_v no_o doubt_n but_o that_o exheredation_n be_v lawful_a for_o such_o kingdom_n differ_v nothing_o from_o other_o good_n and_o therefore_o in_o such_o place_n where_o by_o law_n or_o custom_n exheredation_n be_v in_o force_n it_o be_v practicable_a even_o in_o the_o case_n of_o kingdom_n yea_o though_o there_o be_v no_o law_n or_o custom_n to_o warrant_v it_o yet_o natural_o it_o be_v lawful_a for_o a_o father_n to_o exclude_v his_o son_n from_o all_o but_o bare_a alimony_n yea_o and_o from_o that_o also_o if_o he_o have_v commit_v any_o crime_n worthy_a of_o death_n patrimonial_a he_o may_v if_o the_o kingdom_n be_v patrimonial_a or_o have_v be_v otherwise_o notorious_o wicked_a and_o have_v of_o his_o own_o whereby_o otherwise_o to_o subsist_v thus_o be_v reuben_n punish_v by_o jacob_n with_o the_o loss_n of_o his_o birthright_n and_o adonija_n by_o david_n with_o the_o loss_n of_o his_o kingdom_n for_o david_n kingdom_n be_v in_o a_o manner_n patrimonial_a though_o not_o by_o the_o right_n of_o war_n yet_o by_o special_a donation_n from_o god_n himself_o now_o where_o the_o kingdom_n be_v patrimonial_a the_o king_n may_v nominate_v which_o of_o his_o son_n he_o will_v to_o succeed_v he_o as_o the_o king_n of_o mexico_n now_o do_v nay_o if_o the_o elder_a son_n have_v provoke_v his_o father_n by_o any_o heinous_a crime_n and_o there_o be_v no_o manifest_a sign_n that_o he_o have_v forgive_v he_o he_o shall_v be_v as_o one_o tacit_o exheredate_v alienable_a otherwise_o in_o kingdom_n nor_o alienable_a but_o it_o be_v otherwise_o in_o kingdom_n not_o alienable_a though_o they_o be_v hereditary_a because_o the_o people_n be_v best_a please_v that_o the_o kingdom_n shall_v descend_v in_o a_o hereditary_a way_n especial_o from_o a_o intestate_a much_o less_o shall_v it_o be_v in_o the_o power_n of_o a_o father_n to_o exheredate_v his_o son_n where_o the_o kingdom_n be_v to_o pass_v in_o a_o lineal_a descent_n for_o there_o without_o any_o imitation_n of_o a_o inheritance_n it_o be_v agree_v in_o its_o first_o institution_n that_o the_o kingdom_n shall_v by_o the_o people_n gift_n pass_v to_o every_o person_n of_o the_o royal_a family_n in_o such_o order_n as_o be_v then_o prescribe_v xxvi_o whether_o a_o king_n may_v renounce_v his_o kingdom_n in_o a_o kingdom_n mere_o hereditary_a he_o may_v but_o n●_n in_o a_o lineal_a

other_o prince_n or_o state_n that_o will_v live_v in_o peace_n to_o judge_v between_o they_o therefore_o they_o conclude_v it_o better_a to_o sit_v still_o and_o to_o esteem_v whatsoever_o shall_v be_v do_v in_o that_o war_n to_o be_v just_a and_o so_o the_o prisoner_n on_o either_o side_n take_v in_o actual_a arm_n to_o be_v lawful_o take_v but_o now_o against_o those_o prisoner_n that_o have_v be_v by_o misfortune_n surprise_v through_o the_o sudden_a eruption_n of_o the_o war_n no_o such_o thing_n can_v be_v allege_v for_o they_o have_v neither_o advise_v nor_o attempt_v any_o ●urt_n to_o we_o nevertheless_o to_o weaken_v the_o power_n of_o the_o enemy_n because_o possible_a it_o be_v that_o they_o may_v be_v entice_v to_o injure_v we_o it_o have_v be_v think_v not_o unjust_a to_o detain_v they_o during_o the_o war_n but_o the_o war_n be_v end_v there_o can_v be_v nothing_o allege_v why_o they_o shall_v not_o be_v release_v and_o therefore_o it_o be_v general_o consent_v unto_o by_o all_o nation_n that_o such_o prisoner_n when_o the_o peace_n be_v make_v shall_v be_v enlarge_v as_o be_v confess_v by_o both_o party_n innocent_a but_o as_o to_o other_o prisoner_n every_o man_n that_o usurp_v a_o right_a over_o they_o be_v willing_a that_o he_o shall_v be_v believe_v that_o he_o have_v just_o gain_v they_o unless_o by_o some_o precede_a agreement_n he_o be_v limit_v and_o for_o this_o cause_n neither_o captive_n nor_o any_o thing_n else_o take_v in_o war_n be_v to_o be_v restore_v in_o peace_n unless_o it_o be_v so_o express_v in_o the_o article_n of_o peace_n because_o the_o conqueror_n will_v be_v think_v to_o have_v a_o just_a title_n to_o they_o which_o to_o contradict_v be_v to_o renew_v the_o war_n and_o therefore_o totilas_n in_o procopius_n charge_v pelagius_n who_o be_v send_v unto_o he_o from_o the_o roman_n that_o he_o shall_v not_o mention_v the_o release_n of_o the_o sicilian_a captive_n urge_v that_o it_o be_v not_o equitable_a that_o the_o roman_n shall_v redeliver_v their_o fellow-soldier_n to_o their_o old_a master_n wherefore_o the_o agreement_n bring_v by_o quintilian_n in_o the_o behalf_n of_o the_o thebans_n be_v rather_o witty_a than_o solid_a namely_o that_o prisoner_n it_o they_o can_v make_v their_o escape_n into_o their_o own_o country_n the_o war_n be_v end_v be_v to_o be_v reckon_v as_o freeman_n because_o what_o be_v get_v by_o force_n be_v no_o long_o we_o than_o we_o can_v keep_v it_o by_o force_n concern_v those_o that_o make_v their_o escape_n after_o the_o peace_n be_v conclude_v we_o have_v hitherto_o treat_v now_o in_o the_o time_n of_o war_n they_o be_v say_v to_o return_v by_o postliminy_n to_o their_o former_a freedom_n who_o be_v free_a before_o they_o be_v take_v captive_n in_o the_o war_n but_o they_o be_v say_v to_o be_v receive_v who_o before_o be_v not_o free_a as_o servants_z and_o other_o thing_n v._o the_o war_n last_v when_o a_o freeman_n may_v be_v say_v to_o return_v he_o that_o be_v a_o freeman_n return_v so_o by_o this_o right_n in_o case_n he_o return_v to_o this_o purpose_n that_o he_o may_v follow_v the_o fortune_n of_o that_o city_n whereunto_o he_o return_v as_o trophoninus_n deliver_v it_o because_o as_o the_o servant_n that_o be_v to_o be_v make_v free_a oughts_z first_o to_o be_v svi_fw-la juris_fw-la of_o and_o for_o himself_o that_o so_o his_o act_n may_v be_v voluntary_a so_o he_o that_o will_v be_v admit_v as_o a_o citizen_n after_o captivity_n must_v resolve_v to_o incorporate_v himself_o with_o that_o city_n and_o become_v one_o with_o it_o or_o as_o a_o member_n of_o it_o moreover_o whether_o the_o captive_n be_v retake_v by_o force_n of_o arm_n or_o whether_o he_o have_v make_v his_o escape_n by_o fraud_n it_o be_v all_o one_o as_o florentinus_n observe_v and_o the_o case_n be_v the_o same_o if_o he_o be_v free_o dismiss_v by_o the_o enemy_n but_o what_o if_o he_o be_v sell_v by_o way_n of_o contract_n to_o another_o and_o that_o he_o thence_o escape_v into_o his_o own_o country_n this_o question_n be_v handle_v by_o seneca_n in_o his_o controversy_n concern_v the_o olynthian_o who_o parrhasius_n buy_v for_o when_o the_o decree_n be_v pass_v by_o the_o athenian_n whereby_o it_o be_v ordain_v that_o the_o olynthian_o shall_v be_v free_a he_o make_v this_o doubt_n whether_o by_o that_o decree_n it_o be_v mean_v that_o they_o may_v be_v make_v free_a or_o that_o they_o be_v adjudge_v thereby_o to_o be_v free_a which_o latter_a opinion_n be_v the_o true_a thus_o childubius_n in_o procopius_n plead_v that_o be_v return_v into_o his_o own_o country_n he_o be_v by_o the_o law_n thenceforth_o a_o free_a man_n vi_o what_o right_n he_o may_v receive_v and_o what_o not_o but_o a_o freeman_n be_v return_v home_o do_v not_o only_o recover_v his_o own_o freedom_n but_o all_o thing_n else_o that_o be_v he_o in_o any_o nation_n that_o be_v at_o peace_n whether_o they_o be_v thing_n corporeal_a or_o incorporeal_a because_o though_o people_n that_o be_v at_o peace_n as_o they_o do_v not_o inquire_v into_o the_o justness_n of_o the_o war_n but_o take_v every_o thing_n that_o be_v do_v to_o the_o captive_a to_o be_v just_a so_o when_o they_o see_v the_o captive_a to_o be_v at_o liberty_n they_o dispute_v not_o the_o manner_n how_o but_o take_v it_o as_o grant_v that_o he_o be_v release_v just_o whereby_o they_o show_v themselves_o indifferent_a to_o both_o party_n wherefore_o he_o that_o by_o the_o law_n of_o arm_n be_v possess_v of_o a_o captive_n have_v not_o a_o absolute_a and_o indubitable_a right_n unto_o all_o thing_n that_o belong_v to_o he_o for_o it_o be_v possible_a that_o his_o right_n may_v surcease_v without_o or_o against_o his_o will_n that_o if_o the_o prisoner_n can_v make_v his_o escape_n and_o return_v into_o his_o own_o country_n for_o then_o just_a so_o as_o he_o lose_v his_o right_n to_o the_o man_n do_v he_o lose_v his_o title_n to_o those_o good_n which_o be_v he_o but_o what_o if_o those_o good_n be_v alienate_v whether_o shall_v he_o that_o derive_v his_o title_n to_o they_o from_o he_o who_o at_o that_o time_n be_v by_o the_o right_n of_o war_n the_o owner_n of_o they_o be_v defend_v by_o the_o law_n of_o nation_n or_o shall_v the_o same_o thing_n so_o alienate_v be_v recover_v those_o good_n i_o mean_v that_o be_v extant_a among_o such_o people_n as_o stand_v neuter_n in_o the_o war._n here_o then_o we_o be_v to_o distinguish_v between_o such_o thing_n as_o may_v return_v by_o postliminy_n and_o such_o as_o be_v uncapable_a of_o this_o right_n the_o difference_n whereof_o we_o shall_v present_o explain_v that_o the_o former_a may_v appear_v to_o be_v alienate_v during_o their_o cause_n only_o and_o under_o this_o condition_n that_o the_o person_n be_v still_o hold_v in_o custody_n these_o latter_a simple_o and_o absolute_o by_o thing_n alienate_v i_o understand_v even_o those_o thing_n that_o be_v give_v or_o receive_v vii_o all_o right_n against_o he_o be_v restore_v as_o he_o that_o return_v home_o have_v a_o right_a unto_o all_o thing_n by_o the_o law_n that_o be_v he_o before_o he_o be_v take_v so_o be_v the_o law_n in_o force_n against_o he_o as_o full_o as_o if_o he_o have_v never_o be_v under_o the_o power_n of_o the_o enemy_n viii_o why_o they_o that_o yield_v themselves_o be_v not_o capable_a of_o 〈◊〉_d right_o but_o unto_o this_o rule_n as_o it_o concern_v such_o as_o be_v freeman_n paulus_n allow_v of_o this_o exception_n postliminio_fw-la carent_fw-la qui_fw-la armis_fw-la victi_fw-la hostibus_fw-la se_fw-la dederant_fw-la they_o that_o be_v conquer_v by_o arm_n have_v yield_v themselves_o up_o to_o the_o will_n of_o their_o enemy_n have_v no_o benefit_n by_o their_o return_n home_o the_o reason_n whereof_o be_v because_o all_o agreement_n with_o enemy_n be_v by_o the_o law_n of_o nation_n to_o be_v observe_v as_o we_o shall_v show_v anon_o neither_o be_v this_o right_n of_o postliminy_n to_o be_v admit_v against_o those_o agreement_n and_o therefore_o those_o roman_n in_o gellius_n 〈…〉_o lib._n 7._o 〈…〉_o who_o be_v take_v by_o the_o carthaginian_n and_o send_v back_o to_o rome_n to_o procure_v exchange_n do_v acknowledge_v that_o the_o right_n of_o postliminy_n be_v not_o due_a unto_o they_o because_o they_o be_v bind_v by_o oath_n to_o return_v from_o whence_o also_o it_o be_v right_o observe_v by_o paulus_n that_o during_o the_o time_n of_o a_o truce_n there_o be_v no_o right_o claim_v by_o postliminy_n yet_o modestinus_n be_v of_o opinion_n that_o if_o they_o that_o deliver_v themselves_o up_o to_o their_o enemy_n be_v bind_v by_o no_o covenant_n or_o promise_v make_v they_o may_v be_v admit_v to_o their_o freedom_n by_o postliminy_n ix_o how_o a_o people_n may_v obtain_v this_o right_n that_o which_o have_v be_v

last_v until_o some_o new_a declaration_n of_o the_o will_n of_o the_o donor_n shall_v rescind_v it_o for_o in_o a_o dubious_a case_n that_o which_o be_v deem_v sufficient_a to_o give_v a_o right_n shall_v be_v presume_v sufficient_a to_o continue_v it_o but_o yet_o not_o if_o he_o that_o grant_v it_o be_v disable_v any_o long_a to_o declare_v his_o pleasure_n as_o in_o case_n he_o be_v dead_a for_o than_o whatsoever_o depend_v bare_o upon_o the_o uncertainty_n of_o his_o will_n shall_v likewise_o cease_v as_o accident_n do_v when_o the_o substance_n fail_v xxii_o a_o pass_n imply_v protection_n a_o safe-pass_a be_v grant_v protection_n be_v due_a even_o beyond_o the_o territory_n of_o he_o that_o grant_v it_o because_o it_o ought_v to_o protect_v we_o against_o all_o the_o licence_n of_o war_n which_o of_o itself_o be_v not_o confine_v within_o the_o bound_n of_o any_o one_o prince_n dominion_n as_o we_o have_v elsewhere_o show_v 4_o bo._n 3._o ch_n 4_o xxiii_o the_o redemption_n of_o prisoner_n the_o redeem_n of_o captive_n be_v very_o much_o favour_v especial_o among_o christian_n it_o be_v a_o especial_a act_n of_o mercy_n commend_v unto_o we_o by_o the_o law_n of_o god_n redemptio_fw-la magnum_fw-la &_o praeclarum_fw-la justitiae_fw-la munus_fw-la be_v the_o word_n of_o lactantius_n the_o redeem_n of_o prisoner_n be_v a_o great_a and_o singular_a part_n of_o justice_n and_o in_o case_n it_o be_v from_o barbarian_n 28._o matt._n 25.36.39_o de_fw-fr offic._n l._n 2_o c._n 28._o it_o be_v by_o st._n ambrose_n reckon_v as_o the_o best_a and_o great_a liberality_n in_o the_o world_n and_o in_o that_o apology_n he_o make_v for_o himself_o and_o his_o church_n for_o the_o break_n in_o piece_n the_o consecrate_a vessel_n thereby_o to_o redeem_v the_o captive_n he_o affirm_v that_o ornatus_fw-la sacramentorum_fw-la est_fw-la redemptio_fw-la captivorum_fw-la the_o chief_a ornament_n to_o christian_a sacrament_n be_v the_o redeem_n of_o slave_n where_o also_o he_o have_v many_o other_o such_o excellent_a say_n to_o the_o same_o purpose_n st._n aug._n follow_v the_o example_n of_o st._n ambrose_n do_v the_o like_a though_o contrary_a to_o the_o carnal_a sense_n of_o some_o who_o therein_o oppose_v he_o as_o possidius_n relate_v the_o very_a same_o be_v record_v by_o hincmarus_n in_o the_o life_n of_o remigius_n and_o adamus_n in_o his_o ecclesiastical_a british_a history_n make_v honourable_a mention_n of_o the_o like_a fact_n do_v by_o rimbertus_n archbishop_n of_o breme_n and_o we_o likewise_o find_v it_o approve_v of_o by_o the_o six_o general_a synod_n who_o decree_n be_v recite_v by_o gratian_n namely_o 2._o causa_fw-la 12._o q._n 2._o that_o no_o bishop_n shall_v presume_v to_o alienate_v any_o of_o the_o consecrate_a vessel_n of_o their_o church_n unless_o for_o such_o cause_n as_o be_v of_o old_a approve_a of_o by_o the_o ancient_a canon_n of_o the_o church_n as_o for_o the_o redeem_n of_o captive_n and_o the_o like_a xxiv_o whether_o the_o redemption_n of_o prisoner_n may_v by_o any_o law_n be_v forbid_v be_v thus_o awe_v by_o so_o great_a authority_n i_o dare_v not_o absolute_o approve_v of_o those_o law_n which_o forbid_v the_o redemption_n of_o slave_n without_o a_o distinction_n such_o i_o mean_v as_o we_o may_v read_v of_o among_o the_o roman_n nulli_fw-la civitati_fw-la viliores_fw-la captivi_fw-la quàm_fw-la nostrae_fw-la there_o be_v no_o city_n so_o regardless_o of_o captive_n as_o we_o say_v a_o wise_a roman_a in_o open_a senate_n for_o which_o cause_n rome_n be_v call_v in_o livy_n civitas_n captivis_fw-la minime_fw-la indulgens_fw-la a_o city_n show_v little_a favour_n to_o captive_n that_o ode_n of_o horace_n be_v very_o well_o know_v where_o he_o condemn_v the_o ransome_v of_o prisoner_n as_o a_o opprobrious_a act_n a_o example_n of_o dangerous_a consequence_n and_o be_v a_o execrable_a fact_n encourage_v with_o a_o reward_n but_o what_o aristotle_n blame_v in_o the_o laconian_a be_v also_o usual_o blame_v in_o the_o roman_a government_n namely_o that_o all_o their_o polity_n tend_v only_o to_o the_o advancement_n of_o their_o military_a discipline_n as_o if_o in_o this_o alone_o consist_v the_o safety_n of_o their_o commonwealth_n whereas_o if_o we_o will_v but_o due_o consider_v it_o as_o rational_a man_n with_o the_o allowance_n of_o some_o grain_n of_o compassion_n it_o will_v seem_v much_o better_a to_o rebate_v somewhat_o of_o that_o rigour_n which_o the_o licence_n of_o war_n permit_v than_o to_o leave_v so_o many_o of_o perhaps_o our_o kinsman_n and_o countryman_n in_o a_o everlasting_a slavery_n i_o can_v therefore_o conceive_v how_o such_o a_o law_n can_v be_v repute_v just_a unless_o it_o shall_v appear_v that_o such_o a_o severe_a course_n be_v necessary_a for_o the_o prevention_n of_o far_o great_a and_o moral_o inevitable_a calamity_n which_o will_v otherwise_o in_o all_o humane_a probability_n fall_v upon_o we_o for_o in_o such_o a_o case_n of_o necessity_n as_o the_o prisoner_n themselves_o ought_v by_o the_o rule_n of_o charity_n patient_o to_o bear_v their_o hard_a fortune_n so_o may_v this_o punishment_n be_v just_o impose_v upon_o they_o and_o threaten_v against_o other_o to_o deter_v they_o from_o the_o like_a cowardice_n according_a to_o what_o we_o have_v elsewhere_o write_v concern_v any_o one_o citizen_n which_o for_o the_o public_a safety_n of_o the_o city_n may_v be_v deliver_v up_o xxv_o that_o a_o man_n may_v transfer_v his_o right_n in_o a_o captive_n true_a it_o be_v that_o to_o make_v slave_n of_o such_o as_o be_v take_v in_o war_n be_v not_o agreeable_a to_o our_o law_n and_o custom_n yet_o doubtless_o may_v that_o right_n of_o exact_v a_o ransom_n from_o he_o that_o be_v so_o take_v by_o he_o that_o take_v he_o just_o be_v transfer_v to_o another_o for_o by_o the_o law_n of_o nature_n thing_n even_o incorporeal_a may_v also_o be_v alienate_v xxvi_o the_o ransom_n may_v be_v due_a to_o more_o than_o to_o one_o and_o possible_a it_o be_v that_o the_o same_o ransom_n may_v be_v due_a to_o several_a person_n as_o in_o case_n a_o prisoner_n be_v discharge_v by_o one_o the_o ransom_n not_o pay_v be_v apprehend_v by_o another_o and_o after_o that_o by_o another_o these_o must_v needs_o be_v distinct_a debt_n because_o they_o arise_v from_o distinct_a cause_n xxvii_o whether_o a_o agreement_n for_o a_o ransom_n be_v null_v his_o estate_n or_o quality_n be_v not_o then_o know_v the_o ransom_n agree_v upon_o shall_v bind_v the_o contractor_n though_o the_o prisoner_n be_v find_v rich_a than_o he_o be_v think_v to_o be_v when_o the_o contract_n be_v make_v because_o by_o that_o right_n of_o nation_n which_o be_v external_a whereby_o we_o be_v in_o this_o case_n to_o be_v judge_v no_o man_n can_v be_v compel_v to_o give_v a_o great_a price_n than_o what_o be_v first_o agree_v on_o although_o undervalue_v if_o there_o be_v no_o fraud_n in_o the_o contract_n as_o may_v easy_o be_v understand_v by_o that_o which_o have_v be_v already_o deliver_v in_o the_o chapter_n of_o agreement_n 26._o agreement_n lib._n 2._o c._n 26._o xxviii_o what_o good_n of_o captive_n be_v he_o that_o take_v they_o from_o what_o have_v be_v already_o say_v that_o captive_n be_v not_o now_o to_o be_v make_v slave_n it_o follow_v that_o the_o dominion_n that_o we_o have_v over_o their_o person_n do_v not_o give_v we_o a_o universal_a right_n to_o all_o that_o be_v they_o as_o have_v be_v elsewhere_o say_v 4._o say_v lib._n 3._o c._n 7._o §._o 4._o for_o he_o that_o take_v a_o prisoner_n have_v a_o right_a to_o nothing_o but_o what_o he_o particular_o lay_v hold_v on_o so_o that_o if_o the_o prisoner_n can_v conceal_v any_o thing_n he_o have_v from_o he_o he_o can_v be_v say_v to_o get_v it_o because_o he_o be_v not_o thereof_o possess_v thus_o paulus_n the_o lawyer_n plead_v against_o brutus_n and_o manlius_n he_o that_o take_v a_o field_n into_o his_o possession_n can_v be_v say_v to_o be_v possess_v of_o the_o treasure_n which_o he_o know_v not_o to_o be_v there_o bury_v for_o no_o man_n can_v be_v say_v to_o possess_v that_o which_o he_o know_v not_o of_o whence_o it_o will_v likewise_o follow_v that_o what_o the_o prisoner_n can_v so_o conceal_v he_o may_v make_v use_n of_o for_o his_o redemption_n xxix_o whether_o the_o ransom_n agree_v on_o be_v chargeable_a upon_o the_o heir_n another_o question_n be_v like_a to_o arise_v namely_o whether_o a_o ransom_n agree_v on_o the_o prisoner_n die_v before_o it_o be_v pay_v may_v be_v recover_v from_o his_o heir_n whereunto_o the_o answer_n be_v easy_a for_o if_o the_o captive_n die_v in_o prison_n doubtless_o the_o ransom_n be_v not_o due_a because_o the_o promise_n be_v make_v upon_o condition_n that_o the_o prisoner_n shall_v be_v set_v at_o liberty_n but_o he_o that_o be_v dead_a can_v be_v say_v to_o be_v at_o liberty_n but_o on_o the_o