subtilis_fw-la and_o justle_a against_o each_o other_o take_v up_o 1000_o time_n as_o much_o space_n as_o before_o and_o these_o part_n be_v thus_o agitate_a whatever_n gunpowder_n they_o fall_v upon_o they_o present_o shatter_v its_o part_n so_o as_o to_o put_v it_o in_o a_o capacity_n to_o be_v agitate_a by_o the_o materia_fw-la subtilis_fw-la and_o consequent_o the_o globuli_fw-la secundi_fw-la elementi_fw-la be_v expel_v out_o of_o the_o place_n which_o contain_v the_o gunpowder_n and_o the_o part_n of_o it_o be_v impetuous_o move_v in_o that_o they_o not_o only_o burst_v the_o vessel_n they_o be_v contain_v in_o but_o drive_v every_o thing_n out_o of_o its_o place_n which_o stand_v in_o their_o way_n and_o be_v not_o able_a to_o resist_v they_o chap._n xxii_o a_o explication_n of_o the_o rota_n aristotelica_n not_o to_o mention_v all_o those_o absurdity_n which_o mr._n boyle_n have_v show_v in_o the_o author_n explanation_n of_o the_o rota_n aristotelica_n 5._o see_v plate_n the_o second_o fig._n 5._o i_o shall_v pass_v on_o to_o lay_v down_o what_o explanation_n mr._n boil_v himself_o give_v of_o it_o for_o mr._n boyle_n conceive_v no_o such_o difficulty_n in_o it_o as_o our_o author_n will_v represent_v say_v that_o it_o be_v so_o far_o from_o contain_v any_o obscurity_n in_o it_o that_o it_o be_v plain_a and_o easy_a for_o if_o the_o wheel_n a_o b_o c_o d._n be_v move_v in_o a_o direct_a motion_n from_o a_o i_o c._n to_o k_o l_o m._n each_o of_o the_o point_v a_o e_o i_o g_o c._n will_v either_o on_o a_o plain_a or_o in_o the_o medium_fw-la it_o pass_v through_o form_n so_o many_o parallel_a line_n to_o i_o l._n but_o if_o instead_o of_o that_o direct_a progressive_a motion_n it_o have_v a_o circulation_n each_o point_n in_o one_o revolution_n whilst_o move_v from_o g_z to_z l._n will_v form_v a_o cyclorid_n beside_o each_o point_n of_o the_o circle_n acquire_v various_a degree_n of_o celerity_n in_o its_o progression_n by_o this_o complex_fw-la motion_n according_a to_o its_o various_a position_n to_o a_o point_n which_o be_v always_o to_o be_v find_v in_o some_o part_n of_o the_o line_n draw_v from_o the_o centre_n of_o the_o circular_a motion_n perpendicular_a to_o the_o progressive_a for_o as_o the_o circumference_n to_o the_o radius_fw-la so_o be_v the_o line_n of_o the_o progressive_a motion_n to_o the_o distance_n of_o the_o point_n from_o the_o centre_n because_o the_o line_n of_o progression_n be_v equal_a to_o the_o circle_n describe_v on_o that_o distance_n as_o radius_fw-la and_o therefore_o each_o point_n of_o the_o small_a circle_n when_o it_o touch_v the_o perpendicular_a will_v in_o respect_n of_o its_o progressive_a motion_n stand_v still_o this_o point_n therefore_o will_v be_v the_o centre_n of_o the_o complex_fw-la motion_n aristotelica_n our_o author_n explication_n of_o the_o rota_n aristotelica_n but_o since_o it_o may_v sufficient_o explain_v the_o rota_n aristotelica_n if_o we_o only_o consider_v those_o point_n which_o pass_v across_o the_o perpendicular_a we_o shall_v suppose_v in_o our_o example_n that_o a_o be_v the_o centre_n or_o immovable_a point_n and_o then_o the_o circumference_n a_o b_o c_o d_o will_n be_v equal_a to_o i_o l_o or_o a_o k_o by_o our_o hypothesis_n and_o since_o the_o point_n i_o have_v only_o one_o motion_n viz._n that_o of_o lation_n the_o point_n c_o which_o have_v two_o motion_n must_v have_v double_a the_o velocity_n of_o i_o and_o the_o point_n f_o have_v the_o same_o degree_n of_o lation_n with_o i_o and_o put_v half_a the_o distance_n of_o c_o from_o the_o centre_n i_o it_o must_v have_v one_o degree_n of_o motion_n and_o a_o half_a and_o further_o the_o point_n e_o have_v the_o same_o progressive_a motion_n with_o i_o and_o be_v move_v backward_o with_o half_a the_o velocity_n lose_v half_o the_o progressive_a motion_n forward_o and_o the_o point_v a_o be_v by_o its_o progression_n move_v forward_o with_o a_o equal_a velocity_n with_o i_o and_o by_o its_o rotation_n the_o circle_n a_o b_o c_o d_o being_n equal_v to_o the_o line_n i_o l_o be_v carry_v back_o with_o equal_a celerity_n must_v necessary_o stand_v still_o as_o to_o the_o progressive_a motion_n now_o from_o hence_o it_o appear_v that_o the_o point_v a_o be_v at_o rest_n by_o reason_n of_o its_o two_o opposite_a motion_n only_o touch_v a_o point_n of_o the_o line_n a_o k_o without_o be_v in_o the_o least_o move_v upon_o it_o and_o that_o the_o point_n e_o move_v forward_o as_o fast_v again_o as_o it_o be_v carry_v backward_o by_o its_o rotation_n and_o consequent_o move_v half_a as_o fast_o as_o the_o point_n i_o not_o only_o touch_v the_o line_n e_o k_n but_o be_v move_v upon_o it_o with_o a_o progressive_a motion_n half_o as_o quick_a as_o that_o of_o ay_o it_o will_v consequent_o follow_v that_o each_o point_n in_o e_z must_v make_v a_o small_a line_n which_o be_v a_o part_n of_o the_o whole_a e_z c_z so_o that_o the_o contact_n of_o the_o former_a and_o the_o contact_n and_o the_o progression_n of_o the_o latter_a be_v perform_v by_o a_o infinite_a succession_n of_o point_n in_o a_o infinite_a succession_n of_o instant_n the_o difficulty_n represent_v by_o our_o author_n be_v explain_v it_o be_v take_v off_o all_o that_o he_o say_v come_v to_o no_o more_o than_o that_o in_o such_o a_o determinate_a moment_n or_o minute_n space_n of_o time_n such_o a_o determirate_n minute_n corpuscle_n will_v successive_o pass_v over_o such_o a_o determinate_a space_n or_o length_n chap._n xxiii_o a_o abstract_n of_o what_o be_v further_o contain_v relate_v to_o the_o weight_n and_o spring_n of_o the_o air_n in_o the_o examen_fw-la of_o mr._n hobbs_n his_o dialogus_fw-la physicus_fw-la in_o this_o chapter_n i_o shall_v not_o take_v notice_n of_o what_o absurdity_n the_o author_n have_v show_v mr._n hobbs_n guilty_a of_o but_o shall_v only_o extract_v what_o may_v tend_v to_o a_o further_a illustration_n of_o the_o doctrine_n of_o the_o air_n be_v weight_n and_o spring_n and_o first_o from_o what_o have_v be_v before_o deliver_v concern_v the_o weight_n and_o spring_n of_o the_o air_n it_o appear_v that_o the_o reason_n why_o the_o water_n in_o a_o water_a pot_n be_v prevent_v from_o descend_v through_o the_o holes_n of_o the_o bottom_n by_o stop_v the_o upper_a orifice_n be_v no_o other_o than_o the_o pressure_n of_o the_o atmosphere_n which_o make_v a_o strong_a resistance_n than_o a_o cylinder_n of_o water_n of_o such_o a_o length_n be_v able_a to_o resist_v it_o must_v consequent_o be_v suspend_v in_o the_o water_a pot_n and_o that_o this_o be_v the_o true_a reason_n appear_v from_o what_o have_v be_v deliver_v in_o the_o nineteenth_o experiment_n where_o it_o be_v make_v evident_a that_o if_o the_o pressure_n of_o the_o air_n be_v weaken_a by_o extract_v the_o air_n out_o of_o the_o receiver_n as_o soon_o as_o the_o water_n in_o the_o tube_n be_v able_a to_o outbalance_v the_o spring_n of_o the_o include_v air_n it_o begin_v to_o subside_o chap_n xxiv_o the_o weight_n and_o spring_n of_o the_o air_n assert_v the_o author_n have_v prove_v the_o weight_n of_o the_o air_n by_o weigh_v it_o in_o a_o exhaust_a receiver_n in_o a_o lamb_n bladder_n and_o a_o glass_n bubble_n and_o likewise_o in_o a_o aeolipile_n and_o the_o air_n be_v gravity_n be_v further_o confirm_v by_o weigh_v the_o receiver_n before_o and_o after_o it_o have_v be_v exhaust_v in_o the_o magdeburg_n experiment_n all_o that_o mr._n hobbs_n object_n relate_v to_o the_o bladder_n weigh_v in_o the_o receiver_n only_o intimate_v that_o the_o air_n be_v blow_v into_o the_o bladder_n the_o weight_n proceed_v from_o atom_n which_o swim_v in_o that_o air_n or_o the_o haltius_n which_o pass_v into_o the_o cavity_n of_o the_o bladder_n along_o with_o the_o air_n but_o since_o this_o deny_v not_o the_o weight_n of_o the_o air_n but_o rather_o question_n the_o cause_n we_o think_v it_o sufficient_a to_o account_v for_o what_o we_o aim_v at_o to_o prove_v that_o air_n do_v gravitate_fw-la though_o the_o cause_n of_o gravitation_n be_v not_o know_v prove_v the_o spring_n of_o the_o air_n prove_v as_o to_o the_o spring_n of_o the_o air_n wave_v what_o trivial_a objection_n mr._n hobbs_n make_v i_o shall_v add_v the_o follow_a experiment_n to_o evince_v it_o the_o first_o be_v that_o if_o a_o cylinder_n of_o mercury_n be_v suspend_v at_o the_o usual_a height_n in_o the_o torrecellian_a experiment_n by_o stop_v the_o upper_a orifice_n of_o the_o tube_n and_o lift_v the_o low_a end_n above_o the_o basis_n it_o rest_v on_o before_o we_o may_v observe_v that_o the_o finger_n can_v discern_v no_o gravitation_n of_o the_o mercury_n in_o the_o tube_n but_o if_o it_o be_v invert_v and_o the_o external_n air_n let_v in_o the_o mercury_n which_o before_o do_v not_o gravitate_fw-la upon_o
not_o be_v any_o more_o to_o his_o purpose_n in_o maintain_v his_o funicular_a hypothesis_n or_o oppose_v we_o because_o such_o a_o body_n as_o so_o easy_o pass_v in_o and_o out_o will_v be_v as_o ready_a to_o give_v way_n to_o the_o motion_n of_o a_o more_o gross_a body_n and_o consequent_o to_o the_o rise_n or_o subside_v of_o the_o mercury_n another_o argument_n allege_v in_o favour_n of_o the_o funicular_a hypothesis_n be_v that_o when_o the_o mercury_n be_v subside_v to_o its_o wont_a station_n it_o gravitates_fw-la no_o far_o but_o it_o be_v already_o show_v why_o it_o do_v not_o viz._n because_o it_o be_v counterbalance_v by_o a_o equal_a weight_n or_o pressure_n make_v by_o the_o atmosphere_n what_o have_v go_v before_o have_v be_v a_o sufficient_a answer_n and_o if_o it_o shall_v be_v ask_v why_o when_o the_o finger_n be_v press_v upon_o by_o a_o cylinder_n of_o the_o atmosphere_n and_o at_o the_o same_o time_n by_o a_o cylinder_n of_o the_o mercury_n on_o the_o other_o fide_fw-la it_o feel_v no_o sensible_a pain_n it_o may_v be_v answer_v that_o the_o pressure_n be_v equal_a on_o each_o side_n the_o sense_n of_o pressure_n be_v the_o less_o perceptible_a which_o be_v confirm_v by_o what_o divers_a observe_v at_o a_o considerable_a depth_n under_o water_n viz._n that_o they_o be_v not_o sensible_a of_o it_o and_o if_o it_o shall_v be_v further_o ask_v why_o upon_o the_o descent_n of_o the_o mercury_n it_o at_o the_o first_o fall_v something_o below_o its_o wont_a station_n and_o present_o rise_v up_o again_o it_o may_v be_v answer_v that_o that_o proceed_v from_o a_o impetus_fw-la acquire_v by_o its_o descent_n which_o at_o the_o first_o partly_o overpower_v the_o spring_n of_o the_o air_n below_o it_o but_o that_o impetus_fw-la be_v quash_v the_o spring_n and_o weight_n of_o the_o air_n present_o weigh_v it_o up_o again_o to_o its_o usual_a station_n and_o have_v be_v put_v into_o a_o little_a more_o than_o ordinary_a compression_n raise_v it_o something_o high_o so_o that_o the_o impetus_fw-la upon_o a_o second_o descent_n bring_v on_o a_o successive_a elevation_n till_o at_o the_o last_o the_o impetus_fw-la on_o each_o side_n gradual_o be_v lose_v and_o discontinue_v that_o vibrate_v motion_n and_o this_o may_v not_o only_o be_v illustrate_v by_o the_o successive_a vibration_n of_o a_o pair_n of_o scale_n put_v in_o motion_n by_o depress_v one_o and_o elevate_n the_o other_o but_o be_v far_o confirm_v by_o mercury_n in_o a_o glass_n tube_n make_v use_v of_o in_o our_o 36th_o experiment_n for_o have_v put_v a_o quantity_n of_o mercury_n into_o it_o and_o by_o incline_v of_o it_o permit_v it_o to_o run_v into_o one_o leg_n i_o stop_v the_o orifice_n of_o the_o other_o with_o my_o finger_n upon_o which_o the_o tube_n be_v erect_v the_o air_n contain_v in_o the_o syphon_n which_o be_v stop_v at_o the_o top_n depress_v the_o mercury_n in_o that_o tube_n but_o as_o soon_o as_o it_o be_v unstop_v the_o vibrate_v motion_n of_o the_o mercury_n begin_v and_o continue_v to_o rise_v and_o fall_v successive_o for_o some_o time_n chap._n xvi_o a_o continuation_n of_o objection_n against_o the_o funicular_a hypothesis_n beside_o the_o forementioned_a objection_n there_o be_v several_a other_o which_o perplex_v the_o funicular_a hypothesis_n as_o first_o how_o the_o superficial_a part_n of_o two_o solid_a marble_n which_o adhere_v together_o when_o exact_o polish_v can_v be_v draw_v out_o into_o a_o funiculus_fw-la a_o difficulty_n which_o do_v not_o at_o all_o perplex_v our_o doctrine_n beside_o be_v the_o funicular_a hypothesis_n allow_v it_o may_v be_v question_v how_o it_o come_v to_o pass_v that_o liquor_n who_o part_n be_v not_o equal_o liable_a to_o be_v extend_v into_o such_o funiculus_n shall_v exact_o subside_o till_o aequiponderant_n to_o 29_o ½_n inch_n of_o mercury_n and_o no_o further_o a_o objection_n which_o our_o doctrine_n admit_v not_o of_o since_o not_o only_o from_o windgun_n but_o our_o former_a experiment_n it_o appear_v too_o manifest_o to_o doubt_v of_o the_o air_n be_v spring_n and_o gravity_n nor_o be_v the_o author_n be_v strange_a method_n of_o produce_v his_o funiculus_fw-la less_o exceptionable_a for_o he_o say_v when_o the_o mercury_n touch_v the_o top_n of_o the_o tube_n upon_o its_o descent_n it_o leave_v its_o superficies_n to_o stick_v to_o the_o top_n of_o it_o which_o be_v extend_v by_o the_o weight_n of_o the_o mercury_n till_o it_o leave_v another_o superficies_n join_v to_o that_o where_o it_o may_v be_v object_v that_o neither_o sense_n perceive_v any_o such_o thing_n nor_o can_v it_o be_v make_v probable_a by_o reason_n it_o be_v impossible_a to_o conceive_v how_o the_o superficies_n of_o a_o body_n can_v be_v so_o extend_v as_o to_o become_v a_o body_n itself_o and_o shall_v it_o be_v allow_v that_o the_o funiculus_fw-la may_v be_v turn_v into_o so_o subtle_a a_o body_n it_o will_v be_v altogether_o inconceivable_a how_o it_o shall_v be_v so_o firm_a and_o strong_a as_o to_o suspend_v the_o weight_n of_o a_o cylinder_n of_o mercury_n and_o that_o it_o shall_v have_v such_o a_o admirable_a property_n as_o to_o extend_v without_o be_v make_v thin_a contrary_a to_o the_o nature_n of_o all_o rope_n beside_o the_o method_n he_o take_v to_o illustrate_v his_o generation_n of_o the_o funiculus_fw-la by_o compare_v it_o to_o the_o flame_n of_o a_o candle_n do_v not_o enforce_v the_o belief_n of_o it_o any_o more_o for_o not_o to_o urge_v that_o the_o part_n of_o a_o candle_n be_v by_o agitation_n and_o a_o powerful_a motion_n among_o each_o other_o keep_v at_o such_o a_o distance_n as_o to_o leave_v several_a and_o a_o multitude_n of_o vacuity_n betwixt_o their_o part_n if_o the_o rarefaction_n of_o the_o mercury_n in_o the_o funiculus_fw-la be_v like_o that_o when_o it_o be_v raise_v in_o the_o form_n of_o a_o vapour_n it_o will_v be_v too_o slight_a to_o suspend_v a_o tube_n of_o mercury_n and_o it_o may_v be_v further_o demand_v how_o the_o funiculus_fw-la come_v by_o such_o hook_n as_o to_o take_v hold_n of_o every_o body_n contiguous_a to_o they_o so_o firm_o as_o to_o be_v able_a to_o break_v strong_a glass_n by_o draw_v their_o side_n inward_o and_o how_o fluid_n shall_v be_v so_o suspend_v as_o to_o appear_v one_o entire_a piece_n contrary_a to_o what_o their_o fluidity_n dispose_v they_o to_o do_v nor_o be_v it_o less_o strange_a that_o our_o objector_n shall_v allow_v this_o subtle_a body_n a_o spring_n which_o he_o deny_v to_o be_v in_o air_n since_o nature_n abhorrency_n of_o a_o vacuum_n can_v be_v the_o cause_n of_o it_o in_o as_o much_o as_o a_o vacuum_n will_v not_o ensue_v according_a to_o his_o doctrine_n though_o it_o be_v not_o contract_v moreover_o it_o will_v not_o be_v a_o little_a hard_a to_o conceive_v be_v such_o a_o funiculus_fw-la allow_v of_o how_o the_o surface_n of_o marble_n extend_v can_v contract_v into_o marble_n again_o and_o how_o in_o the_o cylinder_n of_o mercury_n the_o funiculus_fw-la be_v so_o easy_o relax_v upon_o a_o admission_n of_o air_n into_o it_o since_o it_o fill_v up_o all_o the_o space_n above_o the_o mercury_n before_o it_o can_v easy_o be_v conceive_v how_o it_o shall_v be_v dispossess_v of_o that_o space_n without_o be_v thrust_v into_o another_o again_o i_o shall_v be_v glad_a to_o know_v if_o the_o cavity_n of_o our_o receiver_n upon_o a_o exsuction_n of_o air_n be_v fill_v with_o such_o stretch_a string_n it_o will_v be_v possible_a for_o a_o pendulum_n to_o move_v in_o it_o without_o break_v they_o but_o our_o author_n be_v funiculus_fw-la be_v make_v up_o of_o string_n endue_v with_o peculiar_a quality_n we_o shall_v decline_v make_v any_o more_o objection_n since_o these_o peculiarity_n may_v be_v sufficient_a to_o distinguish_v it_o from_o truth_n chap._n xvii_o the_o aristotelian_a rarefaction_n examine_v reject_v the_o aristotelian_a notion_n of_o rarefaction_n reject_v beside_o the_o former_a objection_n which_o render_v the_o funicular_a doctrine_n unintelligible_a there_o be_v yet_o other_o upon_o the_o account_n of_o the_o doctrine_n of_o rarefaction_n employ_v in_o the_o explicate_a of_o it_o for_o the_o doctrine_n of_o rarefaction_n make_v use_v of_o by_o our_o author_n suppose_v a_o body_n not_o only_o to_o fill_v up_o a_o large_a space_n when_o rarify_v but_o likewise_o so_o to_o fill_v it_o as_o not_o to_o leave_v the_o least_o vacuity_n betwixt_o its_o part_n it_o will_v be_v very_o hard_a to_o conceive_v how_o a_o hundred_o part_n of_o matter_n which_o be_v circumscribe_v by_o so_o many_o space_n of_o the_o same_o extension_n with_o themselves_o shall_v be_v capable_a of_o fill_v up_o more_o space_n adaequate_o than_o they_o be_v circumscribe_v by_o without_o the_o addition_n of_o other_o matter_n and_o it_o seem_v strange_a that_o without_o the_o immediate_a act_n of_o
have_v deliver_v concern_v the_o mechanical_a production_n of_o taste_n odour_n and_o colour_n i_o have_v lay_v down_o in_o this_o volume_n and_o shall_v proceed_v to_o the_o remain_a object_n of_o our_o sense_n in_o the_o three_o volume_n where_o i_o shall_v give_v a_o short_a account_n of_o the_o method_n i_o take_v in_o that_o and_o in_o the_o mean_a time_n subscribe_v myself_o the_o candid_a reader_n very_o humble_a servant_n r._n boulton_n london_n octob._n 13._o 1699._o vol._n ii_o plate_n 1_o fig_n 1._o pag._n 4._o fig_n 3._o pag._n 5._o fig_n 4._o pag_n 6._o fig_n 2._o pag._n 2._o vol._n ii_o plate_n 2._o fig_n 4._o p_o 14_o fig_n 1._o p_o 8._o fig_n 5_o p_o 17._o fig_n 3._o fig_n 2._o p_o 14._o vol._n ii_o plate_n 3._o fig_n 2._o p_o 22._o fig_n 1_o p_o 21._o vol._n ii_o plate_n .4_o fig_n 3._o p_o 27._o &_o .29_o fig_n 4._o p_o 29_o p_o 23._o fig_n 1._o fig_n 2._o p_o 25._o plate_n .5_o vol._n ii_o fig_n 1._o p_o 32._o fig_n 5._o p_o 485._o fig_n 3._o p_o 32._o fig_n 2._o p_o 32._o fig_n 4._o p_o 33._o plate_n .6_o vol_n ii_o fig_n 1_o p_o 33._o fig_n 3._o p_o 35._o fig_n 5._o p_o 366._o fig_n 2_o p_o 34._o fig_n 4._o p_o 365._o plate_n .7_o vol_n ii_o fig_n 1._o p_o 35._o fig_n 2._o p_o 37._o fig_n 4_o p_o 374_o fig_n p_o 334_o the_o work_n of_o the_o honourable_a robert_n boil_v esq_n epitomise_v book_n iii_o chap._n i._o experiment_n touch_v the_o spring_n and_o weight_n of_o the_o air_n etc._n etc._n the_o bulk_n of_o the_o former_a volume_n forbid_v that_o i_o shall_v add_v any_o more_o of_o the_o experiment_n concern_v the_o air_n be_v spring_n and_o weight_n i_o shall_v now_o proceed_v to_o lay_v down_o what_o our_o author_n have_v further_a deliver_v in_o his_o first_o continuation_n of_o experiment_n relate_v to_o that_o subject_a experiment_n i._o the_o cause_n of_o the_o ascension_n of_o liquor_n in_o syringe_n be_v to_o be_v derive_v from_o the_o pressure_n of_o the_o air._n as_o in_o the_o experiment_n recite_v in_o the_o former_a volume_n it_o appear_v that_o the_o pressure_n of_o the_o external_n air_n occasion_n the_o difficulty_n of_o draw_v up_o the_o sucker_n of_o a_o syringe_n so_o i_o shall_v now_o show_v that_o the_o pressure_n of_o the_o external_n air_n upon_o the_o surface_n of_o the_o water_n in_o which_o the_o syringe_n be_v immerse_v cause_v it_o to_o ascend_v when_o the_o sucker_n be_v draw_v up_o trial_n i._n have_v cement_v a_o glass_n pipe_n to_o the_o low_a end_n of_o a_o syringe_n and_o immerse_v the_o low_a end_n of_o that_o pipe_n in_o a_o viol_n which_o contain_v mercury_n we_o tie_v the_o sucker_n of_o the_o syringe_n to_o the_o stopple_n which_o be_v in_o the_o cover_n of_o the_o receiver_n and_o have_v convey_v it_o into_o such_o a_o receiver_n as_o fig._n 2._o plate_n 1._o represent_v 2._o see_v plate_n 1_o fig._n 2._o we_o observe_v that_o upon_o draw_v up_o the_o sucker_n the_o mercury_n do_v not_o in_o the_o least_o ascend_v till_o the_o air_n be_v let_v into_o it_o and_o then_o it_o ascend_v up_o to_o the_o top_n of_o the_o glass_n tube_n and_o this_o experiment_n be_v vary_v by_o draw_v the_o sucker_n up_o a_o inch_n before_o the_o receiver_n be_v exhaust_v the_o mercury_n rise_v to_o the_o top_n of_o the_o glass_n tube_n though_o it_o do_v not_o in_o the_o least_o rise_v when_o the_o sucker_n be_v draw_v up_o as_o high_a again_o after_o the_o receiver_n be_v exhaust_v and_o in_o try_v this_o experiment_n it_o be_v further_a to_o be_v note_v that_o when_o the_o receiver_n be_v exhaust_v it_o be_v as_o difficult_a to_o raise_v the_o sucker_n as_o when_o the_o end_n of_o the_o syringe_n be_v stop_v the_o remain_a air_n which_o be_v able_a to_o keep_v the_o sucker_n from_o rise_v be_v unable_a to_o raise_v the_o mercury_n trial_n ii_o be_v a_o prosecution_n of_o the_o former_a the_o former_a trial_n be_v again_o repeat_v beside_o what_o we_o observe_v in_o that_o experiment_n we_o further_o note_v that_o a_o considerable_a weight_n be_v tie_v to_o the_o syringe_n to_o keep_v it_o steady_a and_o firm_a the_o mercury_n do_v not_o rise_v till_o we_o permit_v the_o air_n to_o return_v again_o into_o the_o receiver_n though_o the_o sucker_n be_v raise_v two_o inch_n but_o lest_o the_o phaenomena_n exhibit_v by_o these_o experiment_n shall_v be_v influence_v by_o the_o air_n contain_v in_o the_o glass_n pipe_n i_o cause_v the_o pipe_n to_o be_v fill_v with_o spirit_n of_o wine_n and_o immerse_v it_o in_o a_o viol_n which_o contain_v the_o same_o liquor_n tinge_v with_o cocheneel_v and_o observe_v that_o thou_o when_o the_o receiver_n be_v exhaust_v the_o liquor_n afford_v bubble_n plentiful_o and_o at_o the_o top_n seem_v to_o boil_v yet_o it_o do_v not_o ascend_v in_o the_o least_o notwithstanding_o the_o sucker_n be_v raise_v two_o inch_n and_o a_o half_a but_o when_o the_o air_n be_v let_v into_o the_o receiver_n again_o it_o ascend_v into_o the_o body_n of_o the_o syringe_n which_o appear_v by_o the_o small_a quantity_n of_o spirit_n remain_v in_o the_o bottle_n in_o which_o the_o glass_n tube_n be_v immerse_v experiment_n ii_o a_o attempt_n to_o discover_v the_o motion_n of_o aether_n in_o the_o exhaust_v receiver_n have_v instead_o of_o the_o glass_n tube_n mention_v in_o the_o former_a experiment_n provide_v a_o crooked_a one_o of_o brass_n 1._o see_v plate_n 1_o fig._n 1._o such_o as_o the_o first_o figure_n represent_v and_o join_v a_o glass_n tube_n to_o the_o short_a leg_n with_o cement_n we_o cause_v weight_n to_o be_v fix_v to_o the_o top_n of_o the_o sucker_n to_o depress_v it_o speedy_o when_o occasion_n require_v this_o syringe_n be_v fix_v to_o a_o pedestal_n to_o keep_v it_o firm_a and_o to_o hinder_v it_o from_o totter_v and_o a_o feather_n be_v likewise_o fix_v with_o cement_n to_o the_o low_a end_n of_o the_o syringe_n so_o that_o the_o small_a end_n be_v place_v above_o the_o orifice_n of_o the_o crooked_a tube_n all_o which_o be_v convey_v into_o a_o receiver_n and_o the_o pump_n set_v on_o work_n we_o observe_v that_o the_o sucker_n by_o the_o help_n of_o the_o turning-key_n be_v often_o elevate_v and_o permit_v to_o fall_v again_o the_o feather_n be_v gradual_o less_o shake_v with_o what_o be_v force_v out_o of_o the_o syringe_n as_o the_o receiver_n be_v more_o and_o more_o exhaust_v till_o at_o the_o last_o the_o feather_n do_v not_o seem_v in_o the_o least_o to_o be_v move_v before_o air_n be_v again_o let_v in_o and_o then_o it_o be_v blow_v up_o as_o before_o in_o which_o experiment_n we_o observe_v that_o as_o the_o cavity_n of_o the_o receiver_n be_v more_o or_o less_o exhaust_v the_o descent_n of_o the_o sucker_n be_v according_o quicken_v so_o that_o have_v there_o be_v a_o substance_n fine_a than_o air_n in_o the_o receiver_n the_o blast_n will_v have_v be_v great_a as_o the_o descent_n of_o the_o sucker_n be_v swift_a we_o try_v the_o same_o experiment_n a_o second_o time_n contrive_v to_o draw_v up_o the_o sucker_n high_o than_o we_o do_v before_o but_o the_o event_n be_v no_o more_o satisfactory_a than_o the_o former_a but_o that_o i_o may_v be_v inform_v what_o quantity_n of_o air_n be_v draw_v out_o every_o exsuction_n as_o well_o as_o when_o the_o feather_n be_v more_o or_o less_o shake_v by_o the_o wind_n throw_v out_o of_o the_o syringe_n i_o make_v use_v of_o a_o glass_n tube_n such_o as_o figure_n the_o three_o represent_v 3._o see_v plate_n 1_o fig._n 3._o instead_o of_o the_o former_a brazen_a one_o and_o the_o one_o end_v be_v immerse_v in_o a_o jar_n and_o place_v in_o the_o receiver_n as_o the_o air_n be_v pump_v out_o several_a bubble_n break_v through_o the_o water_n out_o of_o the_o pipe_n but_o external_n air_n get_v in_o at_o a_o leak_n the_o water_n be_v press_v up_o into_o the_o pipe_n again_o nevertheless_o upon_o a_o exsuction_n of_o that_o air_n it_o again_o subside_v yet_o yield_v so_o many_o bubble_n that_o we_o can_v not_o convenient_o make_v any_o further_a observation_n till_o the_o receiver_n have_v stand_v still_o for_o some_o time_n the_o water_n be_v free_v from_o air_n and_o then_o though_o the_o pump_n be_v set_v on_o work_n till_o the_o gage_n discover_v the_o receiver_n to_o be_v very_o well_o exhaust_v yet_o we_o can_v not_o discern_v that_o any_o bubble_n be_v force_v through_o the_o water_n in_o the_o bottom_n of_o the_o tube_n by_o frequent_o elevate_n and_o depress_v the_o sucker_n for_o though_o there_o appear_v a_o few_o in_o the_o top_n of_o the_o water_n yet_o we_o judge_v that_o those_o rather_o proceed_v from_o some_o airy_a particle_n lodging_n in_o the_o pore_n of_o the_o water_n but_o what_o be_v most_o remarkable_a
substantial_a form_n be_v examine_v i_o shall_v brief_o consider_v the_o physical_a argument_n usual_o allege_v for_o the_o proof_n of_o they_o the_o first_o be_v the_o spontaneous_a cool_n of_o hot_a water_n a_o action_n usual_o attribute_v to_o the_o power_n of_o the_o substantial_a form_n which_o may_v be_v plausible_a be_v it_o not_o otherwise_o to_o be_v explain_v for_o body_n esteem_v cold_a have_v their_o part_n in_o a_o less_o agitation_n than_o the_o natural_a juice_n about_o the_o sensory_a cause_n that_o sensation_n but_o when_o the_o part_n of_o that_o water_n by_o the_o heat_n of_o the_o fire_n be_v put_v into_o a_o violent_a motion_n strong_a than_o that_o of_o the_o part_n of_o matter_n about_o our_o sensory_a it_o become_v hot_a which_o hot_a water_n be_v remove_v from_o the_o fire_n and_o the_o agitation_n of_o its_o part_n be_v diminish_v it_o return_v to_o its_o just_a temperature_n to_o effect_v which_o a_o substantial_a form_n be_v no_o more_o requisite_a than_o when_o a_o ship_n be_v put_v into_o a_o violent_a motion_n in_o a_o storm_n there_o be_v require_v a_o substantial_a form_n to_o stop_v its_o motion_n upon_o the_o cease_n of_o that_o storm_n and_o in_o opposition_n to_o substantial_a form_n it_o may_v be_v likewise_o consider_v that_o water_n in_o upper_a room_n in_o hot_a climate_n will_v be_v keep_v warm_a and_o in_o nova_n zembla_n in_o the_o form_n of_o ice_n mere_o by_o the_o temper_n of_o the_o air_n in_o spite_n of_o the_o substantial_a form_n another_o argument_n urge_v be_v that_o matter_n be_v indifferent_a to_o all_o accident_n it_o want_v a_o substantial_a form_n to_o link_v the_o accident_n requisite_a to_o every_o particular_a body_n together_o to_o which_o it_o be_v answer_v that_o the_o world_n be_v now_o make_v and_o constitute_v the_o phaenomena_n of_o nature_n depend_v on_o one_o part_n of_o matter_n act_v on_o another_o so_o that_o especial_o fluid_a body_n frequent_o change_v their_o state_n be_v alter_v by_o the_o several_a season_n of_o the_o year_n and_o temperature_n of_o the_o air_n which_o be_v evident_a from_o the_o different_a effect_n it_o have_v on_o weather-glass_n so_o that_o the_o accident_n observable_a in_o most_o body_n depend_v on_o agent_n and_o efficient_a cause_n which_o produce_v in_o matter_n what_o in_o the_o precedent_n chapter_n we_o call_v a_o essential_a form_n and_o there_o be_v no_o need_n of_o a_o substantial_a form_n to_o keep_v those_o accident_n together_o since_o they_o will_v continue_v in_o the_o same_o state_n till_o some_o other_o agent_n work_v on_o they_o which_o be_v strong_a enough_o to_o destroy_v and_o change_v the_o texture_n and_o form_n of_o that_o matter_n which_o agent_n the_o assistance_n of_o a_o substantial_a form_n be_v not_o able_a to_o resist_v the_o body_n in_o spite_n of_o the_o peripatetic_a doctrine_n must_v be_v change_v a_o instance_n of_o which_o we_o have_v in_o lead_n which_o though_o when_o melt_v it_o return_v to_o its_o pristine_a state_n upon_o cool_a if_o it_o be_v long_o continue_v upon_o a_o violent_a fire_n will_v be_v turn_v into_o a_o red_a brittle_a glass_n and_o lose_v all_o its_o former_a quality_n and_o retain_v those_o new_a acquire_v one_o till_o some_o powerful_a extrinsic_a agent_n cause_n a_o fresh_a change_n on_o the_o contrary_a orange_n tamarind_n senna_n and_o several_a other_o body_n retain_v the_o same_o quality_n when_o gather_v and_o remove_v from_o the_o soul_n of_o the_o tree_n and_o without_o the_o influence_n of_o its_o form_n which_o they_o have_v before_o whilst_o grow_v and_o the_o colour_n of_o snow_n soon_o perish_v notwithstanding_o its_o substantial_a form_n its_o texture_n be_v alter_v by_o a_o dissolution_n form_n the_o part_n of_o a_o body_n may_v adhere_v without_o the_o help_n of_o a_o substantial_a form_n but_o there_o be_v still_o another_o argument_n general_o allege_v in_o favour_n of_o substantial_a form_n which_o be_v that_o without_o they_o the_o various_a change_n observable_a in_o body_n and_o the_o adhere_n of_o several_a part_n of_o matter_n unite_v into_o one_o totum_fw-la will_v be_v unaccountable_a as_o to_o the_o first_o part_n of_o this_o argument_n it_o be_v easy_o answer_v since_o local_a motion_n various_o determine_v be_v able_a to_o effect_v considerable_a and_o various_a change_n in_o body_n a_o instance_n of_o which_o beside_o what_o have_v be_v say_v in_o the_o first_o and_o the_o precede_a part_n of_o this_o chapter_n we_o have_v in_o tallow_n which_o by_o the_o mechanical_a effect_n of_o fire_n exchange_n heat_v for_o coldness_n fludity_n for_o firmness_n and_o instead_o of_o whiteness_n put_v on_o transparency_n and_o beside_o the_o change_n which_o be_v cause_v by_o the_o action_n of_o one_o single_a quality_n in_o a_o agent_n as_o heat_n the_o operation_n of_o body_n proceed_v from_o the_o texture_n of_o the_o whole_a be_v various_a as_o appear_v by_o factitious_a vitriol_n which_o be_v make_v of_o iron_n and_o a_o corrosive_a menstruum_fw-la yet_o have_v all_o the_o quality_n of_o natural_a vitriol_n and_o as_o to_o the_o second_o part_n of_o the_o argument_n viz._n that_o the_o part_n of_o a_o body_n can_v not_o be_v unite_v into_o one_o without_o a_o sustantial_a form_n i_o answer_v that_o a_o connexion_n of_o part_n convenient_o figure_v be_v sufficient_a as_o when_o a_o pear_n be_v graft_v on_o a_o white-thorn_n or_o a_o plum_n be_v inoculate_v on_o a_o apricock_n there_o be_v a_o union_n of_o two_o different_a form_n mere_o by_o a_o connexion_n of_o the_o part_n of_o matter_n and_o the_o part_n graft_v or_o inoculate_v receive_v nourishment_n as_o natural_o as_o if_o they_o be_v suppose_v to_o be_v join_v by_o a_o substantial_a form_n to_o a_o stock_n of_o the_o same_o form_n and_o texture_n with_o themselves_o another_o instance_n of_o union_n by_o a_o connexion_n of_o certain_a figure_a part_n we_o have_v in_o glass_n where_o the_o particle_n of_o sand_n be_v link_v together_o with_o the_o saline_n once_o by_o the_o help_n of_o colliquation_n and_o the_o violent_a action_n of_o the_o fire_n but_o to_o conclude_v i_o be_o not_o ignorant_a that_o it_o be_v allege_v in_o favour_n of_o substantial_a form_n that_o they_o render_v natural_a philosophy_n much_o more_o perfect_a and_o that_o it_o will_v be_v very_o imperfect_a without_o they_o which_o come_v to_o no_o more_o than_o that_o if_o we_o must_v not_o explain_v thing_n difficult_a by_o thing_n unknown_a we_o must_v be_v imperfect_a where_o i_o think_v the_o imperfection_n be_v not_o at_o all_o remedy_v for_o shall_v it_o be_v ask_v why_o jet_n attract_v straw_n or_o why_o rhabarb_n be_v a_o cholagogue_n and_o the_o answer_n shall_v be_v by_o reason_n of_o their_o substantial_a form_n it_o will_v be_v all_o one_o as_o to_o say_v by_z i_o know_v not_o what_o because_o those_o form_n be_v unknown_a be_v therefore_o in_o thing_n pure_o appertain_v to_o natural_a philosophy_n unwilling_a to_o believe_v what_o be_v not_o intelligible_a i_o shall_v leave_v the_o doctrine_n of_o substantial_a form_n to_o those_o that_o have_v clear_a head_n than_o myself_o and_o shall_v rather_o proceed_v upon_o intelligible_a principle_n modification_n the_o form_n of_o a_o body_n be_v its_o essential_a modification_n i_o shall_v therefore_o brief_o intimate_v what_o have_v be_v deliver_v before_o concern_v our_o notion_n of_o form_n viz._n that_o the_o form_n of_o a_o body_n be_v its_o essential_a modification_n and_o though_o matter_n at_o the_o first_o beginning_n of_o thing_n have_v both_o form_n and_o motion_n from_o the_o wise_a creator_n of_o thing_n yet_o now_o the_o various_a form_n of_o body_n depend_v on_o the_o effect_n of_o local_a motion_n which_o divide_v and_o various_o transpose_v and_o so_o alter_v both_o the_o texture_n and_o form_n of_o natural_a body_n though_o i_o say_v at_o the_o creation_n the_o part_n of_o matter_n be_v guide_v by_o a_o supreme_a power_n so_o as_o to_o convene_v into_o a_o orderly_a and_o well_o contrive_v fabric_n chap._n iu_o consideration_n concern_v subordinate_a form_n as_o they_o be_v usual_o hold_v by_o several_a learned_a modern_a philosopher_n it_o be_v usual_o hold_v by_o several_a modern_a philosopher_n that_o beside_o the_o specific_a form_n of_o a_o body_n form_n the_o notion_n of_o modern_a philosopher_n concern_v subordinate_a form_n there_o be_v several_a subordinate_a form_n in_o determinate_a part_n of_o it_o subservient_fw-fr to_o that_o which_o be_v the_o common_a form_n of_o the_o whole_a substance_n and_o which_o upon_o the_o dissolution_n of_o a_o body_n become_v specific_a form_n themselves_o the_o specific_a form_n which_o preside_v over_o they_o before_o be_v destroy_v as_o when_o in_o a_o live_a animal_n the_o soul_n which_o be_v the_o specific_a form_n of_o that_o animal_n body_n be_v separate_v from_o it_o the_o form_n which_o be_v before_o lodge_v in_o every_o part_n as_o subordinate_a
in_o the_o latter_a the_o different_a substance_n concern_v in_o every_o new_a production_n be_v bring_v together_o by_o a_o artist_n for_o in_o both_o the_o agent_n act_v as_o a_o natural_a agent_n chap._n x._o a_o experiment_n with_o some_o consideration_n touch_v the_o differ_a part_n and_o redintegration_n of_o salt-petre_n salt-petre_a be_v a_o concrete_a so_o universal_o concern_v in_o the_o composition_n of_o most_o body_n that_o it_o will_v be_v of_o no_o small_a import_n to_o natural_a philosophy_n to_o inquire_v thorough_o into_o the_o nature_n of_o it_o which_o will_v in_o some_o measure_n appear_v by_o consider_v how_o many_o substance_n may_v be_v draw_v from_o it_o or_o turn_v into_o it_o which_o will_v be_v brief_o intimate_v in_o the_o follow_a experiment_n salt-petre_n a_o attempt_n to_o redintegrate_a the_o form_n of_o salt-petre_n have_v according_a to_o the_o usual_a method_n crystalize_v nitre_n we_o melt_v four_o ounce_n of_o it_o in_o a_o crucible_n into_o a_o limpid_a liquor_n throw_v in_o live-coal_n successive_o till_o it_o will_v kindle_v and_o fulminate_v no_o long_o and_o continue_v it_o in_o a_o strong_a fire_n a_o considerable_a time_n to_o dissipate_v the_o remain_a volatile_a part_n and_o then_o break_v the_o crucible_n we_o divide_v the_o fix_a nitre_n immediate_o into_o two_o portion_n one_o of_o which_o be_v dissolve_v in_o as_o much_o water_n as_o be_v sufficient_a we_o drop_v in_o spirit_n of_o salt-petre_n till_o the_o ebullition_n raise_v by_o the_o mixture_n of_o these_o liquor_n whole_o cease_v and_o then_o filtrate_v the_o mix_v liquor_n we_o expose_v it_o to_o the_o air_n in_o a_o open_a glass-viol_n and_o on_o the_o other_o part_n undissolve_v we_o likewise_o drop_v the_o same_o spirit_n till_o the_o firmentation_n cease_v expose_v it_o to_o the_o air_n in_o a_o open_a glass-jar_a in_o the_o former_a mixture_n wherein_o the_o water_n be_v put_v in_o a_o few_o hour_n certain_a crystal_n of_o salt-petre_n stick_v to_o the_o low_a part_n of_o the_o glass_n among_o which_o be_v several_a other_o crystal_n like_o mustardseed_n encompass_v with_o a_o downy_a substance_n the_o crystal_n the_o next_o day_n be_v considerable_o great_a be_v take_v out_o and_o both_o by_o their_o burn_a and_o shape_n appear_v to_o be_v nitrous_a nitrous_a salt_n be_v furnish_v with_o flat_a side_n which_o when_o opposite_a be_v usualy_a parallel_n and_o as_o for_o that_o downy_a matter_n which_o adhere_v to_o some_o of_o they_o we_o judge_v it_o to_o proceed_v from_o the_o disproportion_n of_o the_o volatile_a and_o fix_a part_n of_o the_o nitre_n which_o be_v to_o be_v join_v together_o anew_o these_o thing_n be_v observe_v we_o pour_v the_o remain_a liquor_n into_o a_o open_a glass-vessel_n which_o in_o about_o three_o weaks-time_n be_v again_o saturate_v with_o petre_n we_o pour_v it_o from_o the_o salt_n and_o evaporate_v it_o in_o a_o digest_v furnace_n the_o other_o mixture_n which_o be_v only_o fix_v nitre_n and_o spirit_n of_o salt-petre_n for_o the_o most_o part_n present_o subside_v in_o the_o form_n of_o a_o salt_n which_o when_o dry_v in_o the_o air_n be_v of_o very_o irregular_a figure_n and_o in_o some_o part_n not_o much_o different_a in_o shape_n from_o salt-petre_n which_o it_o also_o much_o resemble_v in_o burn_v though_o the_o deflagration_n be_v in_o some_o measure_n peculiar_a to_o itself_o but_o this_o salt_n together_o with_o the_o liquor_n swim_v upon_o it_o be_v preserve_v in_o the_o air_n for_o about_o a_o month_n long_o after_o evaportion_n the_o one_o half_a shot_n into_o crystal_n which_o burn_v much_o like_o petre_n and_o have_v a_o similar_v figure_n though_o a_o different_a taste_n and_o the_o other_o half_a be_v speedy_o exhale_v shoot_v into_o crystal_n of_o a_o distinct_a figure_n from_o all_o other_o experiment_n caution_n to_o be_v observe_v in_o the_o foregoing_a experiment_n now_o to_o make_v this_o experiment_n clear_a the_o follow_a thing_n be_v to_o be_v observe_v 1._o that_o in_o fix_v the_o nitre_n new-coal_n be_v not_o to_o be_v cast_v into_o the_o crucible_n till_o the_o former_a be_v almost_o spend_v or_o be_v throw_v out_o by_o the_o violent_a exhalation_n of_o nitrous_a and_o volatile_a part_n 2._o that_o the_o quantity_n of_o spirit_n of_o nitre_n drop_n '_o upon_o the_o fix_a nitre_n be_v almost_o proportionable_a to_o the_o salt-petre_n spend_v in_o the_o fix_v of_o it_o 3._o that_o this_o fix_a nitre_n be_v very_o little_a different_a in_o taste_n from_o salt_n of_o tartar_n have_v the_o same_o aptness_n to_o absorb_n air_n and_o to_o relaxate_v in_o moist_a air_n yet_o it_o differ_v in_o colour_n be_v betwixt_o a_o blue_n and_o a_o green_a one_o which_o it_o lose_v upon_o the_o affusion_n of_o spirit_n of_o nitre_n salt-petre_n another_o method_n of_o reunite_a the_o part_n of_o salt-petre_n but_o this_o method_n be_v tedious_a i_o shall_v propose_v a_o way_n more_o expedition_n which_o be_v this_o have_v run_v fix_v nitre_n per_fw-la deliquium_fw-la and_o by_o filtration_n separate_v it_o from_o its_o face_n we_o drop_v upon_o the_o liquor_n spirit_n of_o nitre_n which_o after_o a_o ferment_n usual_a to_o a_o mixture_n of_o those_o liquor_n present_o shoot_v into_o crystal_n in_o shape_n as_o well_o as_o nature_n manifest_o nitrous_a method_n a_o three_o method_n another_o way_n we_o take_v be_v this_o have_v impregnate_v a_o solution_n of_o fix_a nitre_n in_o water_n with_o spirit_n of_o nitre_n and_o filtrate_v it_o through_o cap-paper_n the_o cool_a liquor_n in_o a_o short_a time_n shoot_v into_o crystal_n like_o those_o of_o petre_n and_o the_o liquor_n be_v again_o evaporate_v afford_v a_o fresh_a quantity_n of_o crystal_n not_o unlike_o the_o former_a but_o lest_o the_o sal-petre_n re-produced_a by_o the_o coalition_n of_o these_o two_o body_n shall_v be_v think_v to_o lodge_v in_o the_o fix_a nitre_n and_o only_o to_o be_v unyoke_v by_o their_o solution_n it_o be_v requisite_a to_o annex_v that_o the_o great_a quantity_n that_o can_v be_v suppose_v to_o remain_v in_o the_o fix_a nitre_n will_v not_o amount_v to_o such_o a_o quantity_n as_o that_o mixture_n afford_v and_o to_o make_v the_o matter_n less_o suspicious_a we_o impregnate_v a_o solution_n of_o pot-ash_n after_o the_o same_o manner_n as_o we_o have_v do_v the_o fix_a nitre_n tartar_n salt-petre_n obtain_v from_o pot-ash_n aqua_fw-la fortis_fw-la and_o salt_n of_o tartar_n which_o after_o filtration_n and_o evaparation_n shoot_v into_o crystal_n which_o 0103_o 0207_o five_o 3_o be_v very_o like_o salt-petre_n in_o taste_n as_o well_o as_o their_o deflagration_n upon_o live-coal_n we_o likewise_o obtain_v a_o small_a quantity_n of_o salt-petre_n from_o aqua_fw-la fortis_fw-la and_o salt_n of_o tartar_n associate_v but_o to_o draw_v inference_n from_o the_o foregoing_a experiment_n from_o hence_o we_o may_v learn_v that_o the_o sensible_a quality_n of_o body_n may_v be_v account_v for_o by_o the_o mechanical_a motion_n together_o with_o the_o figure_n and_o disposition_n or_o modification_n of_o their_o part_n and_o first_o though_o salt-petre_n be_v a_o body_n inward_o and_o in_o itself_o cool_a yet_o the_o part_n of_o it_o different_o modify_v in_o our_o experiment_n be_v put_v together_o do_v immediate_o put_v each_o other_o into_o so_o violent_a a_o heat_n that_o i_o can_v with_o much_o ado_n hold_v the_o glass_n in_o my_o hand_n so_o that_o heat_n seem_v to_o be_v nothing_o but_o a_o quick_a motion_n of_o the_o fine_a particle_n of_o body_n since_o it_o no_o long_o continue_v in_o that_o mixture_n than_o the_o part_n of_o it_o be_v in_o agitation_n upon_o the_o mixture_n of_o these_o two_o viz._n the_o spirit_n of_o nitre_n with_o the_o fix_a there_o be_v likewise_o produce_v a_o audible_a sound_n proceed_v from_o the_o percussion_n of_o the_o air_n by_o the_o swift_o and_o impetuous_o agitate_a part_n of_o the_o mixture_n a_o sound_v like_a to_o which_o be_v produce_v by_o a_o hot_a coal_n cast_v into_o water_n or_o into_o melt_a nitre_n in_o a_o crucible_n though_o the_o latter_a cause_n a_o sound_n much_o loud_o which_o sound_v probable_o proceed_v from_o the_o percussion_n of_o the_o air_n because_o the_o motion_n of_o a_o bullet_n or_o a_o stick_n where_o the_o quickness_n of_o the_o percussion_n put_v the_o air_n into_o a_o undulate_a motion_n will_v cause_v a_o sound_n as_o soon_o as_o that_o undulate_a motion_n reach_v the_o ear_n and_o it_o be_v further_o confirm_v because_o that_o sound_v no_o long_o continue_v than_o the_o part_n be_v violent_o agitate_a and_o here_o it_o be_v to_o be_v observe_v that_o the_o sound_n produce_v by_o the_o mutual_a conflict_n cease_v long_o before_o the_o heat_n which_o be_v acquire_v by_o that_o ebullition_n from_o whence_o it_o may_v be_v infer_v that_o the_o same_o intestine_a motion_n of_o part_n which_o be_v able_a to_o produce_v heat_n be_v incapable_a of_o cause_v
not_o pretend_v to_o decide_v the_o controversy_n whether_o body_n may_v be_v indefinite_o divide_v into_o small_a part_n but_o i_o will_v only_o intimate_v that_o though_o mental_o all_o body_n may_v have_v a_o indefinite_a divisibility_n yet_o the_o part_n of_o solid_a body_n be_v make_v up_o of_o a_o number_n of_o such_o minute_n part_n as_o convening_n together_o form_v those_o grosser_n corpuscle_n which_o when_o unite_v be_v not_o to_o be_v dissolve_v by_o the_o external_a impression_n of_o ambient_fw-la air_n or_o aether_n or_o any_o thing_n else_o usual_o reckon_v among_o the_o cause_n of_o fluidity_n second_o it_o be_v to_o be_v note_v that_o though_o i_o have_v say_v that_o the_o grossness_n of_o body_n contribute_v to_o their_o firmness_n yet_o i_o will_v be_v understand_v to_o mean_v caeteris_fw-la paribus_fw-la for_o the_o gross_a part_n of_o a_o body_n by_o be_v break_v and_o divide_v into_o small_a may_v be_v so_o dispose_v to_o lie_v near_a one_o another_o so_o as_o upon_o their_o more_o close_a union_n to_o put_v on_o the_o nature_n of_o firmness_n more_o conspicuous_o by_o afford_v a_o more_o full_a contact_n to_o other_o body_n especial_o if_o those_o minute_a part_n be_v so_o adapt_v as_o to_o leave_v small_a pore_n betwixt_o they_o but_o this_o be_v evident_a from_o what_o have_v go_v before_o i_o shall_v pass_v on_o to_o body_n rest_n contribute_v to_o the_o solidity_n of_o body_n the_o other_o requisite_a for_o the_o produce_v of_o solid_a body_n viz._n rest_v which_o though_o it_o be_v take_v notice_n of_o by_o the_o ingenious_a des_fw-mi cartes_n yet_o since_o it_o be_v not_o confirm_v by_o experimental_a philosophy_n i_o shall_v here_o illustrate_v it_o a_o little_a further_o first_o observe_v that_o it_o be_v agree_v on_o to_o be_v one_o of_o the_o law_n of_o motion_n that_o when_o a_o body_n be_v at_o rest_n it_o will_v continue_v to_o be_v so_o till_o force_v to_o move_v by_o the_o impulse_n of_o a_o outward_a agent_n and_o whatever_o may_v be_v urge_v by_o some_o atomist_n concern_v the_o adhesion_n of_o the_o minute_n part_v of_o matter_n yet_o that_o a_o juxta-position_n of_o part_n be_v sufficient_a without_o the_o addition_n of_o a_o cement_n be_v evident_a since_o several_a piece_n of_o glass_n if_o exact_o fit_v and_o polish_a will_v adhere_v so_o firm_o together_o that_o by_o lift_v up_o the_o uppermost_a the_o rest_n will_v adhere_v so_o close_o as_o to_o be_v raise_v with_o they_o which_o will_v also_o succeed_v if_o two_o marble_n exact_o polish_v and_o ground_n have_v their_o superficies_n apply_v to_o one_o another_o and_o it_o be_v further_a remarkable_a that_o if_o two_o glass_n be_v rub_v one_o against_o another_o the_o one_o will_v be_v suspend_v at_o the_o other_o without_o any_o visible_a prop_n to_o support_v it_o and_o preserve_v it_o from_o fall_v but_o here_o it_o may_v be_v necessary_a to_o take_v notice_n that_o a_o exact_a and_o level_a superficies_n be_v not_o always_o requisite_a to_o make_v the_o experiment_n succeed_v since_o a_o concave_n and_o a_o convex_a glass_n right_o adapt_v will_v adhere_v with_o the_o same_o degree_n of_o cohesion_n a_o example_n of_o which_o we_o have_v have_v in_o a_o glass_n stopple_n due_o adapt_v to_o the_o neck_n of_o a_o bottle_n by_o which_o the_o bottle_n contain_v a_o pound_n weight_n of_o liquor_n may_v several_a time_n be_v lift_v up_o from_o the_o table_n which_o can_v proceed_v from_o nothing_o but_o the_o close_a contact_n of_o those_o two_o body_n unless_o it_o be_v urge_v that_o by_o press_v the_o stopple_n down_o the_o small_a asperity_n of_o the_o one_o may_v be_v squeeze_v into_o the_o small_a pore_n of_o the_o other_o adhesion_n a_o juxta-position_n of_o part_n not_o the_o only_a cause_n of_o their_o adhesion_n but_o though_o from_o hence_o it_o may_v be_v argue_v that_o a_o bare_a juxta-position_n be_v sufficient_a to_o account_v for_o the_o cohesion_n of_o the_o part_n of_o some_o body_n yet_o it_o be_v not_o to_o be_v deny_v but_o that_o their_o strict_a contact_n may_v be_v promote_v by_o the_o spring_n and_o pressure_n of_o the_o atmo-sphere_n since_o by_o reason_n of_o their_o juxta-position_n the_o air_n which_o press_v upon_o the_o low_a superficies_n have_v not_o a_o equal_a pressure_n to_o balance_v it_o on_o the_o other_o side_n of_o the_o same_o piece_n it_o be_v immediate_o contiguous_a to_o the_o low_a superficies_n of_o the_o piece_n adjoin_v to_o it_o by_o which_o mean_v the_o pressure_n of_o the_o air_n resist_v the_o gravity_n of_o the_o glass_n instead_o of_o tend_v towards_o the_o centre_n it_o be_v buoy_v up_o and_o press_v against_o the_o upper_a piece_n just_a as_o if_o a_o board_n be_v press_v with_o one_o hand_n against_o the_o ceiling_n of_o a_o room_n which_o will_v continue_v in_o that_o place_n as_o long_o as_o the_o pressure_n with_o one_o hand_n be_v continue_v and_o indeed_o that_o the_o air_n do_v so_o press_v upon_o the_o low_a superficies_n of_o glass_n be_v but_o the_o natural_a effect_n of_o the_o weight_n and_o spring_n of_o it_o which_o be_v bend_v and_o press_v together_o by_o the_o weight_n of_o incumbent_a air_n will_v natural_o recoil_v and_o fly_v back_o from_o the_o superficies_n of_o the_o earth_n upon_o any_o body_n which_o be_v in_o the_o way_n to_o be_v press_v upon_o part_n the_o weight_n and_o spring_n of_o the_o air_n may_v contribute_v to_o the_o cohesion_n of_o part_n to_o confirm_v this_o conjecture_n i_o shall_v add_v that_o if_o a_o piece_n of_o glass_n be_v stick_v to_o the_o superficies_n of_o a_o looking-glass_n parallel_v to_o the_o horizon_n it_o will_v stick_v fast_o to_o it_o except_o it_o be_v move_v by_o one_o hand_n but_o if_o the_o horizontal_a superficies_n be_v incline_v the_o small_a glass_n will_v ready_o slip_v from_o one_o side_n of_o the_o great_a to_o the_o other_o according_o as_o it_o be_v different_o incline_v the_o reason_n of_o which_o be_v partly_o because_o the_o gravity_n of_o it_o do_v not_o resist_v the_o horizontal_a motion_n but_o only_o that_o which_o tend_v from_o the_o centre_n and_o partly_o or_o chief_o because_o the_o pressure_n of_o the_o air_n on_o both_o edge_n of_o the_o glass_n be_v equal_a and_o consequent_o its_o own_o gravity_n make_v it_o tend_v either_o this_o or_o that_o way_n as_o the_o glass_n be_v various_o erect_v or_o incline_v whereas_o the_o superficies_n adhere_v to_o the_o looking-glass_n receive_v no_o pressure_n proportionable_a to_o the_o pressure_n of_o air_n recoil_v against_o the_o low_a surface_n and_o for_o a_o like_a reason_n if_o the_o neck_n of_o a_o glass_n viol._n full_a of_o mercury_n be_v immerse_v in_o fluid_a quicksilver_n the_o bottle_n will_v continue_v near_o full_a as_o long_o as_o the_o neck_n of_o the_o glass_n be_v immerse_v in_o the_o quicksilver_n though_o it_o be_v several_a way_n incline_v the_o reason_n of_o which_o seem_v to_o be_v only_o the_o pressure_n of_o the_o external_a air_n upon_o the_o surface_n of_o the_o mercury_n by_o which_o mean_v it_o be_v force_v up_o against_o the_o surface_n of_o the_o invert_v glass_n so_o that_o for_o want_v of_o a_o equivalent_a pressure_n upon_o the_o mercury_n in_o the_o glass_n it_o be_v keep_v from_o subside_v for_o that_o it_o do_v not_o proceed_v from_o nature_n abhorrency_n of_o a_o vacuum_n be_v plain_a from_o what_o have_v be_v try_v concern_v the_o suspend_v mercury_n in_o the_o torrecellian_a experiment_n and_o that_o it_o may_v appear_v more_o full_o that_o the_o exclusion_n of_o air_n as_o well_o as_o its_o immediate_a contact_n contribute_v to_o the_o keep_n of_o body_n from_o fall_v asunder_o it_o will_v suffice_v to_o relate_v that_o have_v suck_v a_o good_a quantity_n of_o air_n out_o of_o a_o bottle_n and_o apply_v a_o book_n which_o be_v next_o at_o hand_n to_o the_o orifice_n it_o stick_v so_o firm_o to_o it_o that_o though_o the_o weight_n of_o it_o be_v 20_o ounce_n it_o will_v be_v raise_v a_o considerable_a height_n and_o though_o but_o a_o small_a part_n of_o its_o superficies_n adhere_v to_o the_o circular_a edge_n of_o the_o glass_n the_o reason_n of_o which_o seem_v to_o be_v no_o other_o than_o that_o the_o pressure_n of_o the_o external_a air_n overpower_v the_o weak_a resistance_n make_v by_o the_o air_n in_o the_o bottle_n and_o since_o the_o resistance_n of_o the_o internal_a air_n be_v so_o weak_a the_o whole_a orifice_n of_o the_o bottle_n seem_v in_o some_o measure_n to_o be_v a_o common_a superficies_n for_o as_o much_o as_o the_o pressure_n of_o the_o air_n in_o the_o bottle_n scarce_o make_v any_o sensible_a impulse_n upon_o that_o part_n of_o the_o book_n encircle_v by_o the_o edge_n of_o it_o paris_n the_o solidity_n of_o glass_n depend_v on_o a_o juxta-position_n of_o paris_n and_o it_o be_v not_o altogether_o improbable_a but_o
that_o the_o compact_a texture_n of_o glass_n may_v depend_v on_o a_o like_a juxta-position_n of_o part_n since_o the_o particle_n of_o fire_n in_o the_o make_n of_o it_o may_v so_o divide_v the_o part_n of_o the_o ingredient_n as_o to_o render_v they_o subtle_a enough_o for_o so_o strict_a and_o close_a a_o union_n as_o be_v requisite_a to_o exclude_v air_n from_o betwixt_o they_o for_o it_o be_v not_o only_o obvious_a that_o air_n can_v penetrate_v the_o pore_n of_o it_o when_o heat_v in_o distillation_n but_o in_o blow_v of_o glass_n where_o it_o have_v not_o the_o least_o vent_n through_o the_o pore_n of_o it_o though_o impel_v with_o force_n yet_o its_o pore_n be_v fine_a enough_o to_o give_v way_n to_o the_o beam_n of_o light_n and_o heat_n and_o likewise_o to_o the_o fine_a effluvia_fw-la of_o a_o loadstone_n without_o damage_v the_o texture_n of_o it_o in_o the_o least_o nor_o will_v it_o be_v more_o absurd_a to_o conceive_v that_o the_o part_n of_o salt-petre_a or_o ice_n be_v after_o the_o like_a manner_n join_v together_o by_o a_o juxta-position_n but_o to_o return_v to_o the_o place_n from_o whence_o we_o have_v make_v this_o short_a digression_n though_o from_o hence_o it_o appear_v that_o the_o spring_n of_o the_o air_n may_v contribute_v to_o the_o cohesion_n of_o the_o part_n of_o solid_n yet_o it_o be_v not_o altogether_o necessary_a since_o the_o same_o may_v be_v account_v for_o by_o the_o air_n consider_v bare_o as_o a_o weight_n for_o the_o air_n be_v a_o fluid_a body_n and_o press_v by_o its_o gravity_n towards_o the_o centre_n it_o must_v needs_o diffuse_v itself_o every_o way_n when_o resist_v by_o the_o surface_n of_o the_o earth_n and_o consequent_o expand_v itself_o orbicular_o by_o which_o mean_v the_o whole_a pillar_n of_o air_n incumbent_n on_o it_o be_v virtual_o incumbent_a on_o the_o low_a superficies_n of_o the_o glass_n whatever_o separate_v one_o from_o the_o other_o must_v outbalance_v that_o pressure_n of_o the_o air_n otherwise_o there_o be_v no_o air_n betwixt_o the_o two_o glass_n they_o must_v needs_o stick_v together_o but_o it_o be_v not_o necessary_a that_o the_o contiguous_a superficies_n of_o these_o two_o glass_n shall_v be_v equal_a to_o the_o horizon_n since_o if_o they_o be_v perpendicular_a the_o side_n of_o the_o glass_n have_v a_o collateral_a pressure_n from_o the_o pillar_n of_o air_n press_v against_o they_o and_o consequent_o the_o difficulty_n must_v be_v as_o great_a to_o separate_v they_o but_o to_o try_v more_o exact_o how_o much_o the_o pressure_n of_o the_o air_n be_v concern_v in_o the_o former_a experiment_n we_o take_v two_o polish_a marble_n as_o smooth_a as_o we_o can_v get_v and_o fasten_v wire_n to_o the_o uppermost_a so_o that_o the_o low_a can_v not_o slide_v off_o the_o other_o horizontal_o but_o if_o any_o way_n must_v fall_v perpendicular_o which_o caution_n be_v observe_v we_o find_v the_o one_o will_v not_o only_o draw_v up_o the_o other_o but_o a_o pair_n of_o scale_n fix_v to_o it_o with_o 16_o ounce_n of_o troy_n weight_n and_o to_o make_v the_o experiment_n more_o complete_a we_o find_v that_o when_o the_o surface_v of_o the_o stone_n be_v wet_a with_o pure_a spirit_n of_o wine_n the_o air_n be_v by_o that_o mean_v keep_v from_o insinuate_v itself_o betwixt_o the_o stone_n the_o uppermost_a will_v not_o only_o draw_v up_o the_o other_o with_o a_o pair_n of_o scale_n but_o a_o hundred_o and_o sometime_o a_o hundred_o and_o thirty_o ounce_n of_o troy_n weight_n though_o the_o diameter_n of_o the_o stone_n exceed_v not_o a_o inch_n and_o two_o three_o but_o have_v repeat_v the_o experiment_n with_o oil_n of_o sweet_a almond_n instead_o of_o spirit_n of_o wine_n we_o find_v that_o it_o take_v up_o above_o four_o hundred_o ounce_n troy_n weight_n and_o that_o it_o may_v not_o be_v suspect_v that_o this_o difference_n proceed_v from_o the_o more_o clammy_a part_n of_o the_o oil_n which_o cause_v the_o stone_n to_o adhere_v more_o close_o i_o shall_v add_v that_o the_o contiguous_a surface_n be_v hold_v perpendicular_a though_o they_o will_v easy_o slide_v off_o each_o other_o when_o moisten_v with_o oil_n yet_o will_v they_o not_o slip_v down_o when_o moisten_v with_o spirit_n of_o wine_n without_o a_o additional_a weight_n join_v to_o one_o of_o they_o the_o protuberance_n of_o one_o perhaps_o be_v fasten_v in_o the_o pore_n of_o the_o other_o but_o to_o show_v that_o the_o adhesion_n of_o these_o polish_a marble_n be_v proportionable_o great_a as_o the_o diameter_n of_o they_o be_v large_a and_o consequent_o as_o they_o be_v press_v together_o by_o a_o large_a pillar_n of_o air_n i_o repeat_v the_o same_o experiment_n with_o spirit_n of_o wine_n and_o take_v up_o about_o four_o hundred_o and_o seventy_o ounce_n but_o when_o i_o make_v use_v of_o oil_n of_o almond_n the_o weight_n raise_v be_v much_o more_o considerable_a be_v a_o thousand_o three_o hundred_o and_o forty_o four_o ounce_n of_o troy_n weight_n beside_o at_o the_o same_o time_n the_o marble_n be_v observe_v to_o stick_v close_o together_o and_o here_o again_o lest_o it_o shall_v be_v suspect_v that_o the_o oil_n make_v the_o adhesion_n more_o close_o i_o shall_v relate_v this_o observation_n viz._n that_o though_o it_o require_v so_o great_a a_o weight_n to_o separate_v these_o stone_n when_o their_o contiguous_a surface_n be_v in_o a_o horizontal_a line_n yet_o will_v they_o easy_o slide_v one_o upon_o another_o not_o unlike_o the_o contiguous_a glass_n before_o mention_v and_o for_o the_o same_o reason_n and_o if_o they_o be_v the_o least_o incline_v either_o this_o way_n or_o that_o their_o own_o weight_n be_v sufficient_a to_o separate_v they_o from_o whence_o it_o appear_v how_o much_o the_o air_n may_v be_v concern_v in_o compress_v the_o particle_n of_o solid_a body_n together_o and_o lest_o it_o shall_v be_v further_o object_v that_o the_o cohesion_n of_o these_o stone_n rather_o proceed_v from_o nature_n abhorrency_n of_o a_o vacuum_n than_o the_o cause_n assign_v by_o we_o i_o shall_v add_v these_o consideration_n first_o that_o if_o it_o be_v so_o the_o same_o reason_n will_v hold_v when_o a_o much_o more_o considerable_a weight_n be_v fasten_v to_o the_o low_a marble_n yet_o we_o see_v that_o then_o notwithstanding_o nature_n abhorrency_n of_o a_o vacuum_n they_o present_o part_v second_o that_o the_o pressure_n of_o the_o air_n be_v sufficient_a to_o account_v for_o it_o which_o to_o make_v it_o more_o plausible_a i_o shall_v add_v that_o though_o the_o stone_n be_v fasten_v to_o the_o ground_n yet_o it_o will_v require_v as_o much_o force_n to_o separate_v the_o uppermost_a from_o it_o in_o a_o perpendicular_a line_n as_o to_o lift_v up_o a_o weight_n aequiponderant_fw-la with_o the_o stone_n and_o the_o pillar_n of_o air_n incumbent_n on_o it_o since_o there_o be_v neither_o air_n nor_o any_o other_o body_n betwixt_o the_o two_o stone_n to_o help_v to_o raise_v the_o low_o up_o and_o in_o part_n to_o sustain_v the_o weight_n of_o the_o incumbent_a atmosphaere_n and_o therefore_o it_o need_v not_o seem_v strange_a that_o when_o the_o low_a marble_n and_o the_o weight_n affix_v to_o it_o be_v not_o sufficient_a to_o balance_v the_o weight_n of_o the_o atmosphaere_n it_o shall_v rise_v along_o with_o the_o uppermost_a when_o draw_v up_o rather_o than_o be_v separate_v from_o it_o since_o it_o be_v usual_a for_o two_o body_n when_o join_v together_o to_o move_v the_o same_o way_n if_o they_o be_v not_o separate_v by_o weight_n or_o some_o other_o force_n which_o be_v observable_a in_o try_v of_o loadstone_n for_o if_o the_o loadstone_n be_v able_a to_o raise_v a_o body_n more_o ponderous_a than_o itself_o the_o knife_n will_v as_o soon_o raise_v the_o loadstone_n as_o the_o loadstone_n will_v lift_v up_o the_o knife_n to_o illustrate_v what_o have_v be_v say_v i_o shall_v add_v a_o experiment_n register_v among_o my_o adversaria_fw-la which_o be_v this_o viz._n have_v immerge_v a_o glass_n syphon_n with_o a_o brass_n valve_v cement_v on_o one_o end_n almost_o half_a a_o yard_n in_o a_o tall_a cucurbite_n till_o it_o touch_v the_o bottom_n i_o fill_v it_o with_o water_n till_o the_o superficies_n of_o the_o water_n in_o it_o be_v equal_a to_o that_o in_o the_o cucurbite_n which_o be_v do_v i_o take_v a_o pair_n of_o scale_n put_v a_o ounce_n weight_n into_o one_o scale_n and_o fix_v a_o string_n to_o the_o other_o one_o end_n of_o the_o string_n be_v likewise_o fasten_v to_o the_o valve_n fix_v to_o the_o bottom_n of_o the_o glass_n tube_n where_o it_o be_v to_o be_v observe_v that_o by_o that_o single_a ounce_n i_o be_v able_a to_o open_v the_o valve_n whereas_o when_o the_o water_n be_v pour_v out_o of_o the_o pipe_n and_o it_o be_v immerse_v again_o the_o valve_n will_v not_o be_v open_v
liquor_n draw_v off_o be_v not_o equal_a to_o that_o of_o the_o oil_n and_o i_o be_o further_a confirm_v in_o this_o opinion_n because_o i_o have_v observe_v several_a crystal_n sometime_o to_o adhere_v to_o the_o side_n of_o a_o glass_n in_o which_o oil_n of_o vitriol_n be_v contain_v which_o be_v again_o resolve_v when_o expose_v to_o the_o open_a air_n into_o the_o pristine_a form_n of_o oil_n but_o it_o may_v be_v further_o urge_v as_o a_o argument_n against_o the_o divisibility_n of_o fluid_a body_n into_o such_o fluid_a part_n that_o if_o it_o be_v so_o all_o body_n will_v be_v equal_o dispose_v to_o insinuate_v themselves_o into_o the_o pore_n of_o other_o body_n and_o it_o will_v not_o happen_v that_o one_o body_n shall_v be_v more_o incline_v than_o another_o fluidity_n motion_n as_o well_o as_o minuteness_n of_o part_n requisite_a to_o fluidity_n it_o be_v not_o indeed_o to_o be_v deny_v but_o that_o a_o fluid_a body_n may_v be_v divide_v into_o very_o small_a part_n consider_v bare_o as_o matter_n and_o that_o minuteness_n of_o part_n may_v render_v it_o more_o apt_a for_o motion_n and_o consequent_o more_o fluid_a but_o it_o do_v not_o therefore_o follow_v that_o the_o part_n of_o a_o fluid_a body_n be_v indefinite_o so_o divide_v because_o consider_v as_o matter_n they_o may_v be_v mental_o since_o it_o do_v not_o appear_v that_o they_o be_v natural_o so_o divide_v beside_o to_o render_v a_o body_n fluid_fw-la motion_n as_o well_o as_o minuteness_n of_o part_n be_v requisite_a which_o appear_v from_o what_o we_o have_v say_v before_o concern_v powder_n of_o alabaster_n which_o put_v on_o the_o form_n of_o a_o fluid_a by_o have_v its_o part_n violent_o agitate_a but_o part_n solidity_n not_o altogether_o proceed_v from_o saline_n part_n from_o what_o have_v be_v already_o premise_v it_o appear_v likewise_o what_o thought_n we_o be_v to_o entertain_v of_o the_o doctrine_n of_o the_o chemist_n who_o assert_v that_o coagulation_n stability_n etc._n etc._n be_v the_o effect_n of_o saline_a part_n for_o though_o salt_n have_v a_o power_n to_o curdle_n milk_n and_o coagulate_v other_o humour_n yet_o the_o harden_v property_n of_o it_o be_v not_o the_o effect_n of_o any_o inexplicable_a quality_n inherent_a in_o it_o but_o of_o the_o shape_n and_o motion_n of_o the_o particle_n which_o constitute_v it_o which_o by_o insinuate_v themselves_o into_o the_o pore_n of_o a_o body_n and_o stick_v several_a part_n together_o do_v like_o a_o wire_n fasten_v they_o one_o to_o another_o but_o notwithstanding_o the_o saline_a part_n of_o a_o body_n may_v thus_o contribute_v to_o the_o solidity_n of_o it_o yet_o it_o be_v not_o a_o ingredient_n altogether_o necessary_a since_o the_o part_n of_o a_o body_n may_v be_v so_o interweave_v and_o by_o reason_n of_o their_o figure_n and_o contexture_n be_v so_o dispose_v to_o union_n as_o to_o form_v a_o solid_a body_n without_o the_o association_n of_o a_o saline_a ingredient_n beside_o it_o may_v be_v urge_v that_o salt_n themselves_o may_v easy_o be_v reduce_v into_o fluid_a substance_n by_o a_o mixture_n of_o water_n and_o several_a of_o they_o as_o salt_n of_o tartar_n etc._n etc._n will_n without_o the_o addition_n of_o any_o other_o body_n bare_o by_o be_v expose_v to_o the_o air_n be_v render_v fluid_fw-la but_o not_o to_o insist_v upon_o these_o instance_n i_o shall_v rather_o desire_v to_o know_v what_o salt_n can_v be_v suppose_v to_o insinuate_v itself_o into_o and_o cause_n solidity_n in_o mercury_n when_o it_o coagulate_v in_o the_o fume_n of_o lead_n or_o what_o access_n of_o saline_a part_n can_v be_v imagine_v in_o the_o preparation_n of_o mercury_n precipitate_v per_fw-la se_fw-la and_o it_o may_v as_o well_o be_v question_v how_o any_o saline_a body_n can_v penetrate_v the_o fine_a and_o subtle_a pore_n of_o glass_n when_o in_o a_o cold_a night_n the_o water_n contain_v in_o it_o be_v freeze_v and_o be_v turn_v to_o so_o consistent_a a_o substance_n as_o ice_n and_o it_o may_v be_v likewise_o note_v that_o though_o the_o shell_n of_o hen_n egg_n be_v soft_a when_o first_o lay_v yet_o they_o present_o harden_v without_o the_o addition_n of_o any_o other_o saline_a ingredient_n and_o that_o this_o effect_n can_v be_v whole_o attribute_v to_o the_o influence_n of_o the_o air_n it_o may_v be_v urge_v that_o it_o have_v oftentimes_o be_v observe_v that_o shell_n have_v be_v find_v hard_o several_a time_n in_o the_o very_a body_n of_o the_o hen_n before_o they_o be_v lay_v but_o that_o which_o i_o look_v upon_o to_o be_v a_o more_o convince_a argument_n be_v that_o in_o egypt_n where_o egg_n be_v hatch_v by_o the_o influence_n of_o a_o moderate_a external_a heat_n that_o fluid_a substance_n be_v change_v into_o several_a part_n of_o very_o different_a degree_n of_o consistency_n without_o the_o addition_n of_o any_o other_o body_n or_o the_o accession_n of_o a_o new_a salt_n but_o further_a i_o shall_v make_v use_n of_o argument_n draw_v from_o the_o concession_n of_o the_o most_o eminent_a of_o their_o own_o writer_n for_o in_o transmute_v of_o quicksilver_n into_o gold_n by_o a_o white_a or_o red_a tincture_n the_o quantity_n of_o it_o be_v only_o a_o grain_n to_o a_o pound_n of_o quicksilver_n it_o may_v just_o be_v demand_v how_o so_o small_a a_o quantity_n shall_v change_v six_o or_o seven_o thousand_o time_n its_o weight_n whereas_o even_o that_o grain_n be_v not_o altogether_o saline_a part_v of_o it_o be_v a_o sulphureous_a substance_n and_o it_o be_v observe_v that_o helmont_n affirm_v upon_o his_o own_o as_o well_o as_o the_o experience_n of_o raymond_n lul_n that_o if_o the_o alkahost_n be_v draw_v from_o quicksilver_n the_o fluid_a mercury_n will_v be_v so_o coagulate_v as_o to_o be_v capable_a of_o be_v reduce_v into_o a_o powder_n though_o not_o the_o least_o of_o the_o saline_a liquor_n be_v leave_v behind_o and_o i_o be_o credible_o inform_v that_o the_o present_a duke_n of_o holstein_n have_v by_o he_o a_o certain_a glass_n spirit_n of_o urine_n which_o in_o cold_a wether_n shoot_v into_o crystal_n and_o in_o warm_a dissolve_v into_o a_o limpid_a liquor_n which_o spirit_n be_v not_o otherwise_o prepare_v than_o by_o cohobate_v the_o distil_a spirit_n so_o often_o till_o the_o whole_a saline_a urinous_a substance_n be_v bring_v over_o unite_v together_o into_o one_o mass_n and_o for_o a_o further_a confirmation_n of_o the_o doctrine_n by_o we_o deliver_v to_o these_o i_o shall_v add_v that_o it_o have_v be_v observe_v that_o if_o so_o much_o as_o juice_n of_o lemmons_n fall_v into_o a_o cauldron_n of_o sacharine_n syrup_n it_o keep_v the_o whole_a mass_n from_o thicken_a into_o a_o sugar_n and_o this_o be_v confirm_v both_o by_o the_o french_a publisher_n of_o the_o natural_a and_o moral_a history_n of_o the_o american_n island_n call_v les_fw-fr isles_n antilles_n histor_n moral_a cap._n 5._o and_o also_o by_o gulielmus_fw-la piso_n histor_n nat._n &_o med._n brasil_n l._n 4._o c._n 1._o the_o latter_a of_o which_o express_v himself_o in_o these_o word_n si_fw-la momentum_fw-la succi_fw-la limonis_fw-la vel_fw-la acidi_fw-la quid_fw-la injiciatur_fw-la sacchari_fw-la consistentiam_fw-la nunquam_fw-la acquiret_fw-la sed_fw-la in_o totum_fw-la perditur_fw-la and_o it_o may_v be_v further_o observe_v to_o our_o present_a purpose_n that_o in_o make_v of_o sugar_n the_o juice_n squeeze_v out_o of_o the_o cane_n be_v usual_o first_o depurate_v in_o large_a vessel_n of_o copper_n from_o whence_o it_o be_v remove_v into_o vessel_n of_o a_o less_o size_n in_o order_n to_o a_o far_a depuration_n where_o we_o be_v to_o note_v also_o that_o whilst_o it_o remain_v in_o the_o large_a vessel_n they_o usual_o add_v very_o strong_a lees_n to_o promote_v depuration_n and_o when_o the_o depurated_a liquor_n be_v remove_v to_o the_o small_a vessel_n it_o be_v the_o custom_n to_o add_v oil_n or_o butter_n to_o preserve_v the_o liquor_n and_o to_o prevent_v it_o from_o boil_a over_o which_o preparation_n piso_n take_v notice_n of_o together_o with_o the_o abovementioned_a author_n the_o word_n of_o the_o former_a be_v these_o observatu_fw-la dignum_fw-la si_fw-la oleum_fw-la majoribus_fw-la inderetur_fw-la ahenis_fw-la in_fw-la quibus_fw-la liquor_n primus_fw-la caldo_fw-la dictus_fw-la purificatur_fw-la saccharo_fw-la conficiendo_fw-la planè_fw-la foret_fw-la ineptus_fw-la vicissim_fw-la si_fw-la minoribus_fw-la lixivium_fw-la sicut_fw-la majoribus_fw-la infundatur_fw-la aequè_fw-la impossibile_fw-it saccharum_fw-la conficere_fw-la the_o fluidity_n and_o firmness_n of_o body_n depend_v so_o much_o upon_o the_o peculiar_a texture_n of_o the_o matter_n which_o constitute_v they_o rather_o than_o on_o a_o saline_a substance_n to_o these_o authority_n for_o a_o further_a confirmation_n of_o our_o hypothesis_n i_o shall_v add_v a_o few_o experiment_n of_o my_o own_o and_o first_o have_v prepare_v a_o liquor_n not_o much_o inferior_a in_o saltness_n to_o aqua_fw-la fortis_fw-la and_o then_o put_v
agent_n in_o animal_n body_n and_o the_o effect_n of_o those_o invisible_a spirit_n which_o move_v through_o the_o nerve_n which_o by_o such_o weighty_a mass_n of_o matter_n as_o the_o body_n of_o some_o animal_n be_v violent_o move_v up_o and_o down_o to_o which_o may_v be_v add_v that_o by_o the_o bare_a insinuation_n of_o moisture_n into_o the_o pore_n of_o a_o rope_n it_o may_v be_v so_o contract_v as_o to_o raise_v above_o sixty_o pound_n weight_n above_o the_o place_n those_o weight_n be_v suspend_v at_o in_o dry_a wether_n and_o though_o metal_n will_v endure_v the_o heat_n of_o a_o red-hot_a crucible_n yet_o may_v they_o easy_o be_v melr_v with_o the_o flame_n of_o a_o candle_n if_o the_o heat_n and_o activity_n of_o it_o be_v promote_v by_o a_o blow-pipe_n and_o how_o much_o more_o able_a the_o part_n of_o a_o agent_n be_v to_o operate_v upon_o a_o body_n when_o they_o be_v intimate_o mix_v with_o that_o they_o be_v to_o work_v upon_o than_o superficial_o appear_v from_o tartar_n which_o be_v much_o soon_o calcine_v if_o nitre_n be_v so_o mix_v with_o it_o that_o upon_o deflagration_n the_o flame_n may_v be_v commix_v with_o all_o its_o part_n than_o if_o it_o only_a act_n immediate_o on_o the_o outside_o iron_n the_o effect_n of_o a_o lead-stone_n upon_o filign_v of_o iron_n but_o to_o allege_v instance_n which_o will_v be_v of_o more_o force_n though_o the_o effluvia_fw-la of_o a_o loadstone_n be_v very_a minute_n and_o the_o body_n of_o iron_n or_o steel_n very_o solid_a yet_o i_o have_v see_v a_o magnet_n who_o effluvia_fw-la be_v so_o powerful_a as_o to_o attract_v and_o sustain_v fifty_o time_n the_o weight_n of_o the_o stone_n itself_o and_o to_o make_v it_o appear_v how_o probable_o the_o effluvia_fw-la of_o a_o magnet_n may_v change_v the_o texture_n of_o solid_a steel_n and_o by_o that_o mean_n endow_v it_o with_o those_o quality_n which_o iron_n usual_o derive_v from_o it_o i_o place_v file_n of_o steel_n upon_o a_o piece_n of_o paper_n hold_v under_o it_o the_o pole_n of_o a_o vigorous_a loadstone_n by_o the_o effluvia_fw-la of_o which_o the_o file_n be_v present_o so_o range_v as_o to_o representseveral_a needle_n or_o pike_n make_v up_o of_o particle_n of_o iron_n stick_v one_o upon_o another_o and_o these_o may_v be_v move_v up_o and_o down_o by_o remove_v the_o loadstone_n from_o one_o place_n to_o another_o but_o as_o soon_o as_o the_o loadstone_n be_v remove_v from_o that_o place_n to_o such_o a_o distance_n that_o it_o be_v subtle_a emanation_n have_v no_o long_o any_o influence_n upon_o the_o powder_n the_o part_n of_o it_o present_o lose_v that_o order_n and_o fall_v into_o a_o confuse_a heap_n as_o before_o that_o loadstone_n be_v apply_v again_o though_o the_o particle_n of_o water_n be_v so_o small_a as_o to_o be_v invisible_a and_o their_o motion_n very_o weak_a yet_o be_v it_o so_o powerful_a that_o upon_o freeze_a the_o expansion_n of_o the_o frigorifick_a part_n be_v strong_a enough_o to_o break_v bottle_n not_o only_o of_o glass_n but_o metal_n and_o the_o expansion_n oftentimes_o be_v so_o violent_a as_o to_o exceed_v the_o force_n of_o any_o other_o body_n in_o expanding_n except_o gunpowder_n that_o i_o know_v of_o chap._n xvi_o of_o the_o propagable_a nature_n of_o motion_n iv_o it_o be_v usual_o not_o sufficient_o take_v notice_n of_o vi_o prop._n vi_o how_o local_a motion_n may_v be_v propagate_v through_o several_a medium_n and_o even_o solid_a body_n it_o be_v usual_o think_v because_o some_o body_n when_o they_o strike_v against_o solid_a one_o common_o fly_v back_o that_o the_o impulse_n of_o that_o body_n be_v not_o able_a to_o put_v the_o other_o into_o motion_n but_o that_o the_o part_n of_o a_o solid_a may_v be_v put_v into_o motion_n and_o that_o that_o motion_n may_v be_v propagate_v through_o such_o consistent_a substance_n be_v evident_a if_o we_o strike_v a_o piece_n of_o timber_n slight_o upon_o one_o end_n for_o by_o that_o mean_n the_o motion_n cause_v by_o that_o impression_n will_v be_v carry_v on_o to_o the_o other_o and_o i_o have_v by_o experience_n find_v that_o have_v draw_v the_o point_n of_o a_o pin_n upon_o the_o brim_n of_o a_o hemispherical_a vessel_n which_o be_v make_v of_o bell-metal_n which_o be_v much_o hard_a than_o steel_n i_o find_v it_o from_o a_o very_a slight_a impression_n to_o produce_v such_o a_o last_a sound_n as_o be_v a_o argument_n that_o the_o part_n of_o the_o metal_n be_v not_o only_o put_v into_o such_o a_o vibrate_v motion_n as_o to_o communicate_v it_o to_o the_o air_n but_o to_o continue_v it_o successive_o round_o the_o brim_n of_o the_o vessel_n till_o the_o sound_v cease_v and_o the_o like_a propagation_n of_o sound_n i_o find_v to_o succeed_v though_o the_o point_n of_o a_o pin_n be_v but_o strike_v upon_o that_o vessel_n which_o be_v seven_o inch_n in_o diameter_n and_o indeed_o the_o propagable_a motion_n of_o solid_n when_o they_o be_v act_v on_o by_o fluids_n be_v not_o less_o remarkable_a since_o the_o part_n of_o a_o bar_n of_o iron_n or_o glass_n may_v be_v put_v into_o such_o a_o motion_n by_o heat_n as_o to_o have_v it_o continue_v to_o some_o distance_n from_o the_o place_n where_o the_o fire_n first_o work_v upon_o they_o though_o it_o be_v capable_a of_o be_v propagate_v much_o further_a in_o the_o former_a of_o the_o two_o which_o show_v how_o much_o the_o texture_n of_o body_n dispose_v they_o to_o be_v different_o work_v upon_o by_o the_o same_o agent_n and_o how_o much_o a_o convenient_a texture_n dispose_v they_o to_o be_v work_v upon_o at_o all_o and_o it_o may_v be_v further_o observe_v that_o it_o be_v look_v upon_o as_o a_o sign_n of_o the_o firm_a connection_n of_o a_o house_n that_o upon_o the_o clap_v of_o a_o door_n the_o whole_a shake_n and_o it_o be_v likewise_o a_o argument_n of_o the_o communicableness_n of_o motion_n whether_o it_o depend_v on_o the_o mutual_a contact_n of_o the_o door_n and_o the_o post_n it_o shut_v against_o or_o upon_o the_o impression_n make_v upon_o the_o include_v air_n by_o the_o door_n for_o the_o former_a show_n how_o a_o solid_a may_v propagate_v motion_n among_o solid_n and_o the_o latter_a how_o it_o may_v give_v motion_n to_o a_o fluid_a and_o vice_n versâ_fw-la but_o further_a it_o be_v assert_v by_o seneca_n that_o upon_o the_o explosion_n of_o those_o subterraneali_n exhalation_n which_o be_v the_o cause_n of_o earthquake_n the_o tremulous_a motion_n of_o the_o earth_n be_v continue_v above_o two_o hundred_o mile_n and_o josephus_n acosta_n witness_v that_o it_o have_v be_v continue_v for_o three_o hundred_o league_n in_o the_o kingdom_n of_o peru_n and_o learned_a writer_n in_o the_o begin_n of_o our_o age_n 1601_o witness_v that_o the_o motion_n of_o the_o earth_n be_v so_o violent_a as_o to_o shake_v most_o part_n of_o europe_n be_v propagate_v through_o most_o part_n of_o asia_n hungary_n germany_n italy_n and_o france_n and_o i_o have_v frequent_o observe_v that_o the_o house_n i_o have_v be_v in_o have_v sensible_o shake_v by_o the_o tremulous_a motion_n of_o the_o earth_n it_o stand_v upon_o propagate_v from_o some_o coach_n or_o cart_n which_o move_v at_o some_o distance_n upon_o the_o ground_n and_o some_o observe_a scout_n say_v that_o by_o the_o motion_n of_o the_o earth_n they_o can_v discover_v the_o approach_n of_o a_o troop_n of_o horse_n at_o a_o good_a distance_n and_o to_o conclude_v this_o member_n of_o our_o discourse_n if_o such_o disproportionate_a cause_n can_v produce_v such_o effect_n in_o inorganical_a body_n well_o may_v they_o in_o those_o that_o be_v organical_a where_o there_o be_v only_o want_v a_o small_a cause_n to_o call_v in_o the_o assistance_n and_o to_o determine_v the_o cooperation_n of_o other_o as_o the_o tickle_v of_o a_o feather_n in_o the_o nose_n by_o determine_v the_o tendency_n of_o the_o spirit_n cause_n sneeze_v and_o i_o remember_v be_v once_o hold_v with_o such_o a_o distemper_n as_o deprive_v i_o of_o the_o use_n of_o my_o hand_n if_o in_o the_o summer_n a_o hair_n be_v but_o blow_v upon_o my_o face_n and_o continue_v there_o long_o it_o will_v put_v i_o into_o convulsion_n and_o cause_n i_o to_o faint_v medium_n motion_n may_v be_v propagate_v through_o different_a medium_n but_o to_o determine_v another_o member_n of_o this_o proposition_n viz._n whether_o motion_n may_v be_v propagate_v through_o several_a medium_n or_o terminate_v at_o the_o utmost_a limit_n of_o the_o medium_fw-la it_o be_v begin_v in_o i_o shall_v offer_v the_o follow_a experiment_n viz._n i_o cause_v a_o glass-receiver_n to_o be_v blow_v with_o a_o button_n upon_o that_o part_n of_o the_o internal_a superficies_n which_o be_v uppermost_a and_o suspend_v a_o watch_n by_o a_o chain_n which_o be_v fix_v to_o a_o soft_a body_n fasten_v upon_o
influence_n of_o these_o catholic_n and_o unheeded_a agent_n the_o first_o part_n of_o this_o proposition_n i_o presume_v undeniable_a if_o we_o consider_v that_o till_o a_o hammer_n or_o some_o other_o body_n be_v strike_v upon_o a_o wedge_n it_o want_v the_o power_n or_o faculty_n of_o cleave_a wood_n but_o when_o force_v by_o the_o impulse_n of_o that_o body_n which_o strike_v upon_o it_o the_o wedge_n present_o insinuate_v itself_o betwixt_o the_o part_n of_o that_o solid_a and_o divide_v they_o as_o also_o that_o a_o knife_n be_v altogether_o unable_a to_o attract_v a_o needle_n till_o it_o have_v receive_v that_o power_n from_o a_o loadstone_n but_o to_o proceed_v to_o the_o second_o part_n of_o the_o proposition_n i_o shall_v to_o what_o i_o have_v elsewhere_o observe_v viz._n that_o the_o property_n of_o a_o burning-glass_n in_o respect_n of_o its_o effect_n do_v not_o proceed_v from_o the_o convex_a figure_n consider_v as_o such_o but_o the_o ray_n of_o the_o sun_n cast_v into_o a_o point_n add_v the_o follow_a instance_n the_o first_o be_v that_o a_o bar_n of_o iron_n by_o stand_v a_o considerable_a time_n in_o a_o window_n in_o a_o perpendicular_a line_n will_v acquire_v a_o considerable_a degree_n of_o magnetism_n by_o the_o influence_n of_o invisible_a agent_n and_o several_a magnetical_a quality_n which_o it_o have_v not_o before_o second_o that_o though_o a_o flat_a piece_n of_o marble_n consider_v bare_o as_o such_o have_v not_o a_o power_n to_o raise_v any_o body_n by_o a_o bare_a contact_n yet_o if_o it_o be_v apply_v to_o another_o who_o superficies_n be_v adapt_v to_o it_o by_o virtue_n of_o the_o constitution_n and_o fabric_n of_o the_o world_n and_o the_o concurrent_a cause_n of_o body_n about_o it_o it_o may_v acquire_v such_o a_o faculty_n the_o low_a stone_n be_v boy_v up_o by_o the_o weight_n and_o pressure_n of_o the_o ambient_fw-la air_n yet_o if_o these_o two_o stone_n be_v contain_v in_o a_o vacuum_n they_o will_v not_o have_v such_o a_o power_n to_o lift_v up_o one_o another_o but_o to_o proceed_v to_o proposition_n the_o second_o proposition_n the_o second_o proposition_n which_o be_v that_o there_o be_v several_a body_n which_o when_o put_v into_o action_n be_v subtle_a enough_o to_o insinuate_v themselves_o into_o the_o pore_n of_o other_o body_n which_o they_o be_v by_o the_o establish_v law_n of_o nature_n force_v to_o act_n on_o and_o here_o though_o some_o of_o the_o experiment_n to_o be_v relate_v may_v be_v also_o allege_v in_o favour_n of_o that_o aether_n or_o materia_fw-la coelestibus_fw-la which_o some_o philosopher_n have_v suppose_v to_o be_v disperse_v throughout_o the_o world_n yet_o the_o invisible_a agent_n which_o be_v here_o to_o be_v mention_v be_v only_o such_o as_o the_o magnetical_a effluvia_fw-la of_o the_o earth_n and_o also_o the_o air_n in_o reference_n to_o its_o spring_n and_o weight_n and_o first_o though_o a_o bar_n of_o silver_n and_o another_o of_o steel_n be_v expose_v to_o cool_v when_o red_a hot_a with_o their_o end_n direct_o north_n and_o south_n yet_o the_o texture_n of_o these_o two_o metal_n be_v different_a one_o from_o another_o the_o pore_n of_o the_o steel_n be_v open_v and_o the_o metal_n make_v pliable_a it_o be_v by_o the_o insinuation_n of_o terrestrial_a effluvia_fw-la endue_v with_o several_a magnetical_a quality_n and_o particular_o when_o poise_v to_o point_v north_n and_o south_n whereas_o silver_n acquire_v no_o such_o property_n and_o that_o it_o may_v be_v less_o strange_a that_o the_o earth_n shall_v afford_v magnetical_a effluvia_fw-la which_o be_v imagine_v by_o some_o to_o be_v very_o spirituous_a one_o i_o shall_v add_v that_o have_v heat_v a_o oblong_a loadstone_n and_o expose_v it_o to_o the_o air_n to_o cool_v with_o its_o end_n point_v north_n and_o south_n and_o so_o deprive_v it_o of_o its_o magnetical_a quality_n i_o can_v make_v either_o end_n to_o tend_v to_o the_o southern_a or_o northern_a pole_n as_o upon_o ignition_n i_o suffer_v it_o to_o cool_v with_o one_o end_n direct_v either_o north_n or_o southwards_o to_o this_o it_o may_v be_v add_v that_o if_o the_o air_n be_v exhaust_v in_o some_o measure_n out_o of_o a_o vial_n with_o a_o oblong_a neck_n and_o upon_o its_o immersion_n in_o water_n one_o finger_n which_o prevent_v the_o retroadmission_n of_o the_o air_n be_v present_o take_v away_o the_o water_n will_v contrary_v to_o the_o tendency_n of_o its_o own_o gravity_n present_o fly_v up_o in_o the_o bottle_n be_v squeeze_v in_o by_o the_o external_n pressure_n of_o the_o air_n lie_v upon_o the_o surface_n of_o the_o water_n the_o spring_n of_o the_o internal_a air_n be_v so_o weaken_v as_o not_o to_o be_v able_a to_o oppose_v the_o force_n of_o it_o whereas_o in_o a_o vacuo_fw-la the_o water_n will_v not_o be_v so_o raise_v have_v no_o external_a agent_n to_o boy_n it_o up_o water_n the_o expansive_a force_n of_o bean_n soak_v with_o water_n again_o be_v desirous_a to_o know_v the_o cause_n of_o germination_n and_o from_o what_o cause_n that_o powerful_a intumescence_n of_o seed_n when_o sow_o proceed_v i_o fill_v several_a vessel_n of_o glass_n as_o well_o as_o earth_n with_o common_a bean_n fill_v up_o the_o interval_n with_o water_n and_o tie_v the_o cork_n fast_o with_o string_n which_o be_v do_v when_o the_o bean_n have_v imbibe_v water_n enough_o their_o intumescence_n be_v so_o powerful_a as_o not_o only_o to_o break_v several_a of_o the_o vessel_n but_o a_o great_a many_o of_o the_o string_n which_o hinder_v the_o raise_n of_o the_o cork_n but_o that_o i_o may_v be_v more_o exact_a in_o estimate_v the_o power_n of_o that_o expansive_a force_n i_o put_v a_o sufficient_a quantity_n of_o bean_n and_o water_n into_o a_o brass_n cylinder_n who_o diameter_n be_v two_o inch_n and_o its_o length_n six_o which_o be_v do_v and_o the_o orifice_n of_o the_o cylinder_n be_v likewise_o fit_v exact_o with_o a_o plug_n a_o trencher_n be_v place_v upon_o it_o which_o be_v broad_a enough_o to_o bear_v a_o half_a hundred_o weight_n of_o lead_n in_o which_o experiment_n it_o be_v to_o be_v observe_v that_o in_o two_o or_o three_o day_n the_o expansive_a force_n of_o the_o bean_n have_v raise_v the_o plug_n a_o considerable_a height_n and_o it_o may_v further_o be_v note_v in_o such_o trial_n that_o as_o the_o diameter_n of_o the_o cylinder_n be_v large_a so_o the_o expansive_a force_n of_o the_o bean_n be_v able_a to_o raise_v a_o more_o considerable_a weight_n how_o far_o these_o experiment_n may_v confirm_v the_o corpuscularian_a philosophy_n or_o whether_o that_o force_n may_v be_v mechanical_o explain_v by_o it_o i_o shall_v leave_v the_o reader_n to_o consider_v and_o shall_v here_o only_o observe_v that_o the_o air_n together_o with_o the_o aether_n may_v in_o a_o great_a measure_n concur_v to_o the_o produce_v of_o some_o of_o the_o phaenomena_n of_o nature_n which_o we_o imagine_v it_o very_o little_o concern_v in_o for_o beside_o the_o effect_n which_o may_v be_v ascribe_v to_o the_o pressure_n of_o the_o air_n it_o contribute_v to_o the_o produce_v of_o some_o upon_o another_o account_n it_o be_v easy_a to_o be_v observe_v that_o flesh_n may_v be_v preserve_v long_o from_o putrefaction_n by_o be_v seclude_v from_o the_o contact_n and_o influence_n of_o the_o air_n and_o also_o that_o the_o light_n which_o flow_v from_o rot_a wood_n and_o some_o putrefy_v fish_n will_v appear_v and_o disappear_v upon_o the_o contact_n or_o separation_n of_o ambient_fw-la air._n air._n several_a phaenomena_n produce_v by_o virtue_n of_o motion_n in_o the_o part_n of_o the_o air._n but_o for_o a_o further_a proof_n that_o the_o air_n may_v effect_v several_a thing_n beside_o what_o it_o produce_v by_o virtue_n of_o its_o weight_n by_o the_o insensible_a motion_n of_o its_o part_n i_o may_v add_v that_o whereas_o a_o piece_n of_o paper_n be_v wet_a with_o oil_n have_v its_o pore_n so_o alter_v as_o to_o be_v capable_a of_o transmit_v more_o easy_o the_o ray_n of_o light_n and_o the_o air_n be_v impel_v by_o the_o law_n of_o nature_n present_o act_n upon_o it_o and_o represent_v a_o great_a many_o object_n by_o be_v reflect_v from_o those_o body_n beyond_o it_o which_o can_v not_o appear_v through_o it_o before_o and_o if_o a_o large_a box_n be_v so_o contrive_v as_o to_o have_v one_o end_n of_o it_o open_v and_o a_o hole_n in_o the_o other_o end_n cover_v with_o a_o lenticular_a glass_n if_o the_o open_a end_n be_v make_v up_o with_o a_o fine_a sheet_n of_o paper_n and_o a_o small_a hole_n be_v likewise_o make_v upon_o the_o top_n of_o the_o box_n by_o place_v one_o eye_n to_o the_o lenticular_a glass_n one_o may_v discern_v upon_o the_o paper_n the_o lively_a representation_n of_o external_n object_n and_o their_o various_a motion_n as_o well_o as_o shape_n and_o
the_o temperature_n of_o the_o low_a region_n these_o thing_n in_o short_a be_v premise_v concern_v the_o upper_a region_n i_o shall_v now_o proceed_v to_o the_o low_a which_o be_v cold_a the_o part_n of_o water_n be_v in_o a_o less_o violent_a agitation_n than_o our_o sensory_a and_o that_o the_o low_a region_n be_v sensible_o cold_a be_v not_o only_a consonant_n to_o reason_n but_o also_o confirm_v by_o the_o observation_n of_o those_o who_o have_v dive_v a_o considerable_a depth_n not_o only_o in_o the_o northern_a sea_n in_o africa_n and_o america_n but_o it_o be_v also_o further_o evince_v by_o what_o be_v common_o practise_v at_o sea_n viz._n to_o let_v down_o bottle_n of_o wine_n into_o the_o sea_n all_o night_n which_o by_o be_v immerse_v in_o the_o water_n will_v acquire_v a_o considerable_a degree_n of_o coldness_n and_o i_o be_o also_o inform_v by_o a_o observe_v traveller_n that_o have_v let_v down_o about_o 400_o fathom_n of_o line_n with_o about_o 30_o pound_n of_o lead_n at_o it_o thirty_o five_o degree_n north_n latitude_n beyond_o the_o line_n the_o lead_n when_o draw_v up_o be_v as_o cold_a as_o ice_n from_o which_o instance_n it_o appear_v that_o the_o air_n and_o water_n so_o far_o agree_v that_o the_o part_n of_o they_o be_v put_v into_o motion_n by_o external_n cause_n they_o acquire_v each_o a_o considerable_a degree_n of_o warmth_n but_o be_v remove_v and_o separate_v from_o those_o cause_n put_v on_o a_o contrary_a quality_n so_o that_o the_o air_n and_o water_n seem_v chief_o in_o this_o respect_n to_o differ_v viz._n in_o their_o invert_v order_n but_o further_o from_o what_o have_v be_v deliver_v it_o appear_v that_o though_o the_o submarine_n region_n be_v sensible_o cold_a the_o near_a the_o bottom_n yet_o their_o cold_a region_n do_v not_o by_o any_o of_o the_o aforementioned_a phaenomena_n appear_v to_o be_v the_o summum_fw-la frigidum_fw-la for_o though_o i_o have_v several_a time_n freeze_a salt-water_n yet_o it_o do_v not_o appear_v that_o there_o be_v the_o least_o ice_n generate_v in_o the_o bottom_n of_o the_o sea_n since_o from_o the_o bottom_n of_o the_o great_a ocean_n 35_o degree_n south_n latitude_n grey_a sand_n have_v be_v bring_v up_o where_o the_o water_n be_v no_o less_o than_o two_o hundred_o and_o twenty_o fathom_v deep_a but_o yet_o there_o be_v one_o caution_n to_o be_v add_v which_o make_v this_o observation_n the_o less_o to_o be_v rely_v on_o which_o be_v that_o one_o reason_n why_o no_o ice_n be_v to_o be_v find_v in_o the_o bottom_n of_o the_o sea_n may_v be_v the_o unaptitude_n of_o salt-water_n more_o than_o of_o fresh_a to_o be_v congeal_v it_o require_v a_o much_o great_a degree_n of_o cold_a to_o freeze_v salt-water_n than_o fresh_a chap._n v._o relation_n about_o the_o bottom_n of_o the_o sea_n unequal_a the_o bottom_n of_o the_o sea_n very_o rough_a and_o unequal_a that_o the_o bottom_n of_o the_o sea_n be_v usual_o salt_n and_o cold_a be_v a_o very_a common_a observation_n but_o be_v desirous_a to_o be_v more_o nice_o inform_v about_o what_o occur_v in_o that_o region_n i_o have_v be_v tell_v by_o several_a who_o have_v in_o long_a voyage_n fathom_v in_o several_a place_n that_o the_o bottom_n of_o the_o sea_n be_v rough_a with_o considerable_a inequality_n and_o precipice_n so_o that_o in_o a_o small_a space_n a_o little_a depth_n of_o the_o sea_n have_v increase_v to_o a_o hundred_o fathom_n and_o decrease_v as_o sudden_o there_o be_v likewise_o find_v several_a other_o inequality_n and_o hill_n observe_v in_o place_n about_o 30_o or_o 20_o fathom_n deep_a where_o a_o line_n of_o 16_o fathom_n will_v upon_o the_o next_o cast_v require_v 35_o or_o 40_o to_o reach_v to_o the_o bottom_n of_o the_o sea_n and_o the_o like_a observation_n i_o have_v receive_v from_o several_a experience_a mariner_n among_o which_o i_o transcribe_v the_o follow_a account_n from_o some_o note_n leave_v in_o england_n by_o one_o who_o have_v make_v a_o voyage_n to_o the_o east-indies_n the_o account_n be_v this_o february_n 12._o after_o our_o observation_n see_v the_o ground_n under_o we_o we_o heave_v the_o lead_n and_o have_v but_o 19_o fathom_n rocky_a ground_n then_o hale_v by_o n.n._n e._n the_o wind_n at_o n.w._n and_o find_v our_o water_n to_o shoal_n from_o 19_o to_o 10_o and_o 8_o fathom_n hard_a coral_n ground_n then_o sudden_o deepn_v again_o from_o 8_o to_o 20_o and_o 22_o fathom_v sandy_n ground_n and_o then_o sudden_o see_v rock_n under_o we_o where_o we_o have_v but_o 7_o fathom_n and_o the_o next_o cast_v 14_o fathom_v again_o and_o so_o have_v run_v n._n n._n e._n from_o 6_o in_o the_o morning_n till_o 12_o at_o noon_n about_o 19_o mileswe_n deepn_v our_o water_n from_o 16_o to_o 25_o and_o the_o next_o cast_v no_o ground_n with_o 35_o fathom_n of_o line_n water_n the_o gravitation_n of_o the_o water_n but_o beside_o the_o inequality_n to_o be_v take_v notice_n of_o at_o the_o bottom_n of_o the_o sea_n there_o be_v several_a other_o thing_n to_o be_v observe_v among_o which_o the_o gravitation_n of_o the_o water_n be_v remarkable_a and_o though_o it_o be_v dispute_v among_o philosopher_n whether_o there_o be_v such_o gravitation_n or_o not_o yet_o that_o there_o be_v appear_v from_o several_a experiment_n and_o first_o if_o a_o glass-cylind_a with_o one_o end_n open_a be_v immerge_v in_o a_o glass-vessel_n it_o may_v be_v observe_v that_o as_o the_o cylinder_n be_v press_v low_a the_o air_n by_o the_o pressure_n of_o the_o water_n will_v be_v squeeze_v high_a and_o high_o the_o water_n rise_v gradual_o below_o it_o in_o the_o cylinder_n and_o the_o like_a have_v be_v observe_v by_o several_a person_n who_o have_v dive_v in_o a_o diving-bell_n not_o only_o in_o the_o northern_a sea_n but_o upon_o the_o coast_n of_o africa_n where_o as_o the_o bell_n go_v deep_a and_o deep_o the_o air_n become_v more_o compress_v and_o the_o water_n according_o rise_v high_o and_o high_o in_o the_o bell._n and_o sometime_o the_o pressure_n have_v be_v observe_v to_o be_v so_o powerful_a that_o i_o have_v be_v inform_v by_o one_o who_o let_v down_o a_o glass-vial_n into_o the_o sea_n near_o the_o straight_n mouth_n that_o have_v let_v it_o sink_v about_o 40_o fathom_n it_o be_v burst_v in_o piece_n by_o the_o outward_a pressure_n of_o the_o water_n to_o which_o he_o add_v that_o have_v let_v down_o a_o aeolipile_n of_o metal_n and_o sink_v it_o about_o 60_o fathom_n he_o observe_v when_o it_o be_v draw_v up_o that_o the_o side_n be_v in_o several_a place_n bruise_v and_o compress_v by_o the_o violent_a pressure_n of_o the_o water_n storm_n the_o bottom_n of_o the_o sea_n not_o disturb_v in_o storm_n another_o thing_n observable_a in_o the_o bottom_n of_o the_o sea_n be_v that_o though_o the_o violence_n of_o storm_n may_v disturb_v it_o where_o it_o be_v shallow_a yet_o where_o it_o be_v considerable_o deep_a the_o near_a the_o bottom_n the_o more_o calm_a and_o undisturbed_a it_o be_v and_o this_o have_v be_v confirm_v by_o the_o observation_n of_o divers_a who_o have_v take_v notice_n that_o though_o the_o wave_n be_v six_o or_o seven_o foot_n high_a yet_o at_o fifteen_o fathom_v deep_a the_o water_n be_v very_o little_o disturb_v only_o the_o mud_n be_v raise_v which_o make_v the_o water_n dark_a and_o what_o be_v very_o remarkable_a be_v that_o the_o person_n that_o dive_v inform_v i_o that_o have_v stay_v a_o considerable_a depth_n for_o some_o time_n he_o find_v when_o he_o come_v up_o again_o a_o tempestuous_a storm_n which_o have_v rise_v when_o he_o be_v in_o the_o water_n without_o be_v take_v notice_n of_o by_o he_o below_o and_o the_o like_a have_v be_v observe_v near_o the_o shore_n of_o manar_n in_o the_o east-indies_n where_o they_o dive_v for_o coral_n in_o a_o sea_n that_o lie_v betwixt_o the_o island_n of_o ceylon_n and_o the_o cape_n of_o comori_fw-la which_o be_v usual_o very_o much_o disturb_v inasmuch_o as_o it_o lie_v near_o the_o indian_a ocean_n and_o the_o gulf_n of_o bengala_n former_o call_v sinus_n gangeticus_n and_o it_o have_v elsewhere_o be_v observe_v that_o in_o considerable_a storm_n the_o sea_n have_v not_o be_v disturb_v over_o the_o depth_n of_o 4_o fathom_n stagnate_v the_o water_n at_o the_o bottom_n of_o the_o sea_n almost_o stagnate_v and_o to_o these_o observation_n i_o may_v add_v have_v i_o sufficient_a evidence_n to_o build_v upon_o that_o have_v inquire_v whether_o upon_o ebb_a and_o flow_v of_o tide_n the_o motion_n of_o the_o water_n be_v continue_v to_o the_o bottom_n i_o have_v be_v tell_v by_o some_o that_o it_o do_v almost_o stagnate_n and_o by_o other_o that_o the_o current_n of_o the_o water_n above_o be_v different_a from_o the_o tendency_n of_o that_o below_o but_o not_o to_o rely_v upon_o these_o relation_n
i_o have_v be_v inform_v by_o a_o person_n who_o make_v his_o observation_n beyond_o the_o cape_n of_o good_a hope_n in_o the_o southern_a sea_n that_o have_v let_v down_o his_o plummet_n about_o a_o hundred_o fathom_n he_o find_v that_o the_o plummet_n be_v suspend_v in_o the_o stand_a water_n make_v the_o boat_n turn_v to_o the_o tide_n as_o if_o it_o lay_v at_o anchor_n and_o that_o there_o be_v such_o a_o stagnation_n of_o water_n at_o the_o bottom_n of_o the_o sea_n have_v be_v likewise_o confirm_v to_o i_o by_o observation_n make_v near_o the_o coral_n fishery_n in_o the_o east-indies_n chap._n vi_o further_a relation_n about_o the_o bottom_n of_o the_o sea_n that_o the_o air_n be_v not_o only_o necessary_a to_o the_o preservation_n of_o animal_n but_o also_o promote_v vegetation_n and_o the_o growth_n of_o plant_n i_o have_v elsewhere_o observe_v but_o since_o several_a tree_n and_o plant_n be_v observe_v to_o grow_v under_o water_n i_o shall_v further_o observe_v what_o information_n i_o have_v receive_v concern_v they_o coral_n observation_n relate_v to_o coral_n and_o first_o to_o what_o have_v elsewhere_o be_v deliver_v concern_v the_o growth_n of_o coral_n under_o water_n i_o shall_v add_v that_o i_o be_o inform_v by_o one_o that_o see_v it_o near_o algiers_n that_o coral_n when_o first_o take_v up_o be_v not_o only_o soft_a and_o flexible_a but_o very_o pale_a yet_o when_o the_o bark_n be_v take_v off_o and_o it_o be_v expose_v to_o the_o air_n it_o be_v natural_a redness_n present_o appear_v to_o which_o he_o add_v that_o have_v break_v several_a piece_n he_o find_v it_o much_o pale_a within_o than_o on_o the_o outside_n and_o that_o there_o be_v several_a black_a knob_n on_o the_o extreme_a part_n of_o the_o twig_n the_o place_n from_o whence_o this_o coral_n be_v take_v be_v about_o nine_o or_o ten_o fathom_n deep_a and_o i_o have_v be_v further_o inform_v by_o one_o that_o sail_v to_o the_o east-indies_n that_o upon_o a_o certain_a sort_n of_o coral_n he_o have_v observe_v certain_a round_a berry_n of_o a_o very_a pleasant_a colour_n water_n tree_n under_o water_n to_o these_o relation_n i_o shall_v add_v that_o divers_n have_v not_o only_o observe_v tree_n to_o grow_v under_o water_n near_a manar_n which_o bear_v leave_n like_o those_o of_o a_o laurel_n but_o that_o not_o far_o from_o the_o coast_n of_o mosambique_n in_o africa_n several_a tree_n be_v observe_v to_o grow_v under_o water_n who_o fruit_n and_o leave_n be_v like_o those_o of_o the_o tree_n in_o america_n which_o bear_v a_o fruit_n call_v acayu_n but_o a_o observation_n more_o valuable_a be_v concern_v the_o maldavian_a nut_n call_v coco_n which_o by_o experience_a divers_n be_v find_v to_o be_v the_o fruit_n of_o a_o tree_n which_o grow_v at_o the_o bottom_n of_o the_o sea_n which_o be_v either_o gather_v by_o the_o divers_a or_o tear_v off_o by_o the_o violent_a agitation_n of_o the_o water_n in_o which_o fruit_n it_o be_v observe_v that_o whilst_o it_o be_v under_o water_n it_o be_v very_o soft_a but_o when_o it_o have_v be_v expose_v a_o considerable_a time_n to_o the_o air_n it_o become_v very_o hard_o chap._n vii_o observation_n and_o experiment_n about_o the_o saltness_n of_o the_o sea._n peripatetic_n the_o invalidity_n of_o the_o cause_n assign_v by_o the_o peripatetic_n the_o saltness_n of_o the_o sea_n by_o several_a peripatetic_n have_v be_v judge_v to_o proceed_v from_o the_o influence_n of_o the_o beam_n of_o the_o sun_n upon_o the_o water_n but_o with_o what_o little_a reason_n may_v easy_o appear_v from_o those_o stand_a lake_n and_o pond_n who_o water_n notwithstanding_o the_o influence_n of_o the_o sun_n continue_v fresh_a and_o that_o it_o neither_o proceed_v from_o the_o influence_n of_o the_o sun_n nor_o any_o other_o external_a heat_n may_v be_v argue_v since_o though_o some_o fresh_a water_n be_v draw_v off_o by_o distillation_n and_o consequent_o undergo_v as_o great_a a_o degree_n of_o heat_n as_o it_o can_v be_v suppose_v to_o do_v from_o the_o sun_n beam_n it_o yield_v not_o so_o much_o salt_n as_o be_v to_o be_v find_v in_o some_o water_n never_o expose_v to_o such_o heat_n which_o salt_n differ_v very_o little_a from_o sea_n salt_n only_o that_o it_o be_v white_a be_v more_o clear_a of_o its_o faeces_fw-la and_o free_a from_o a_o mixture_n of_o earthy_a part_n and_o though_o some_o allege_v in_o favour_n of_o aristotle_n doctrine_n that_o scaliger_n affirm_v the_o sea_n water_n to_o be_v salt_a in_o its_o upper_a region_n yet_o it_o will_v appear_v by_o compare_v the_o saltness_n of_o the_o superficial_a part_n of_o the_o sea_n with_o the_o bottom_n that_o the_o observation_n be_v ill_o make_v and_o do_v not_o general_o hold_v neither_o will_v it_o favour_v his_o doctrine_n shall_v it_o be_v allege_v that_o sea_n salt_n dissolve_v in_o water_n otherwise_o than_o common_a salt_n christalize_v at_o the_o top_n of_o the_o evaporate_v solution_n for_o consider_v how_o much_o salt_n water_n must_v be_v impregnate_v with_o and_o that_o the_o quantity_n of_o salt_n in_o sea_n water_n have_v be_v observe_v by_o a_o dutch_a geographer_n to_o be_v only_o as_o one_o to_o forty_o water_n the_o proportion_n of_o salt_n to_o water_n it_o be_v disposition_n to_o crystalize_v can_v be_v no_o argument_n of_o the_o swim_n of_o sea-salt_n more_o on_o the_o top_n of_o the_o water_n than_o the_o other_o region_n but_o though_o i_o differ_v in_o this_o point_n from_o the_o peripatetic_a philosopher_n yet_o i_o do_v not_o believe_v on_o the_o contrary_a with_o some_o that_o the_o gravity_n of_o salt_n make_v they_o sink_v the_o more_o to_o the_o bottom_n since_o the_o intestine_a agitation_n of_o the_o part_n of_o the_o water_n continual_o shift_v place_n must_v consequent_o carry_v it_o along_o with_o they_o which_o consideration_n join_v with_o another_o which_o be_v that_o i_o have_v not_o usual_o observe_v metalline_a tincture_n strong_a at_o the_o top_n than_o bottom_n may_v perhaps_o give_v a_o suspicion_n to_o some_o that_o the_o present_a argument_n be_v less_o cogent_a notwithstanding_o the_o specific_a gravity_n betwixt_o metal_n and_o their_o menstruum_n do_v much_o exceed_v that_o betwixt_o salt_n and_o water_n but_o further_a in_o behalf_n of_o the_o peripatetic_a doctrine_n it_o be_v urge_v out_o of_o linscotten_a that_o at_z goa_n in_o portugal_n it_o be_v usual_a for_o their_o slave_n to_o dive_v and_o fetch_v fresh_a water_n from_o the_o bottom_n of_o the_o sea_n but_o though_o this_o matter_n of_o fact_n be_v true_a yet_o no_o general_a rule_n can_v be_v draw_v thence_o because_o experience_n tell_v we_o that_o in_o other_o place_n it_o be_v contrary_a beside_o it_o may_v be_v probable_o guess_v that_o sea_n spring_n in_o the_o bottom_n of_o the_o sea_n be_v it_o true_a that_o fresh_a water_n may_v rise_v by_o certain_a spring_n cover_v over_o with_o sea_n water_n as_o well_o as_o that_o several_a spring_n in_o other_o place_n shall_v be_v under_o water_n upon_o the_o flow_a of_o the_o sea_n and_o that_o there_o may_v be_v such_o spring_n be_v so_o far_o probable_a that_o the_o curious_a hungarian_a governor_n de_fw-fr admirandis_fw-la hungariae_fw-la aquis_fw-la say_v that_o in_o the_o river_n vagus_fw-la near_o the_o fortress_n galgotium_n vein_n of_o hot_a water_n rise_v up_o in_o the_o very_a bottom_n of_o the_o water_n his_o word_n be_v these_o neque_fw-la in_o ripa_n tantum_fw-la eruuntur_fw-la calidae_fw-la sed_fw-la etiam_fw-la intra_fw-la amnem_fw-la si_fw-la fundum_fw-la ejus_fw-la pedibus_fw-la suffodias_fw-la calent_fw-la autem_fw-la immodicè_fw-la etc._n etc._n and_o the_o like_a have_v be_v observe_v upon_o the_o neapolitan_a coast_n but_o not_o to_o urge_v these_o relation_n i_o shall_v intimate_v brief_o that_o a_o ingenious_a acquaintance_n of_o i_o who_o live_v in_o that_o city_n have_v inform_v i_o that_o that_o fresh_a water_n be_v not_o fetch_v so_o deep_a as_o to_o be_v suspect_v to_o rise_v from_o such_o spring_n but_o that_o it_o be_v rather_o the_o fresh_a water_n which_o run_v into_o the_o sea_n from_o a_o river_n not_o far_o off_o before_o it_o be_v mix_v with_o the_o salt_n water_n which_o conjecture_n i_o the_o rather_o believe_v because_o near_a mouth_n of_o river_n it_o have_v elsewhere_o be_v observe_v that_o fresh_a water_n have_v for_o some_o time_n float_v together_o without_o be_v perfect_o mix_v with_o the_o other_o stream_n and_o as_o for_o scaliger_n opinion_n it_o may_v be_v urge_v against_o it_o that_o by_o a_o vessel_n so_o artificial_o contrive_v that_o it_o may_v be_v open_v at_o the_o bottom_n of_o the_o sea_n to_o take_v in_o water_n the_o water_n draw_v up_o have_v be_v find_v to_o be_v salt_n but_o since_o it_o may_v be_v urge_v against_o this_o that_o the_o salt_n water_n be_v heavy_a than_o the_o fresh_a as_o it_o be_v draw_v up_o may_v be_v
the_o cylinder_n and_o a_o succession_n from_o without_o be_v prevent_v the_o cavity_n of_o the_o cylinder_n must_v be_v empty_v of_o air_n so_o that_o the_o turn-cock_n be_v turn_v so_o as_o to_o afford_v a_o passage_n betwixt_o the_o receiver_n and_o cylinder_n part_n of_o the_o air_n before_o lodge_v in_o the_o receiver_n will_v be_v draw_v down_o into_o the_o cylinder_n which_o by_o turn_v back_o the_o key_n pump_n the_o method_n of_o manage_n the_o pump_n be_v prevent_v from_o fly_v back_o into_o the_o receiver_n may_v by_o open_v the_o valve_n and_o wind_v up_o the_o sucker_n be_v force_v into_o the_o open_a air_n and_o so_o by_o reiterated_a exsuction_n of_o the_o air_n out_o of_o the_o receiver_n and_o expulsion_n of_o it_o again_o out_o of_o the_o cylinder_n it_o may_v be_v exhaust_v as_o the_o nature_n of_o the_o experiment_n require_v have_v thus_o give_v your_o lordship_n a_o description_n of_o the_o engine_n and_o caution_n for_o the_o prevention_n of_o the_o ingress_n of_o air_n necessary_a in_o some_o more_o curious_a experiment_n i_o shall_v in_o short_a acquaint_v your_o lordship_n that_o the_o experiment_n i_o proceed_v to_o entertain_v your_o lordship_n with_o be_v such_o as_o require_v not_o such_o exactness_n in_o the_o forementioned_a caution_n provide_v the_o pump_n be_v well_o ply_v and_o the_o cranny_n not_o considerable_a experiment_n i._o the_o manner_n of_o pump_v out_o the_o air._n a_o digression_n concern_v the_o spring_n and_o elasticity_n of_o the_o air_n in_o order_n to_o a_o more_o clear_a apprehension_n of_o subsequent_a experiment_n from_z what_o have_v be_v deliver_v it_o appear_v that_o the_o sucker_n be_v wind_v up_o and_z upon_o stop_v the_o valve_n and_o turn_v the_o key_n draw_v down_o again_o the_o air_n will_v be_v equal_o expanded_a both_o in_o the_o receiver_n and_o sucker_n and_o upon_o return_v the_o key_n and_o open_v the_o valve_n near_o a_o cylinder_n full_a of_o air_n will_v be_v expel_v but_o the_o receiver_n by_o reiterated_a excursion_n be_v more_o and_o more_o exhaust_v less_o proportionable_o be_v force_v out_o so_o that_o at_o the_o last_o before_o you_o need_v to_o open_v the_o valve_n the_o sucker_n will_v rise_v almost_o to_o the_o top_n of_o the_o cylinder_n and_o if_o when_o it_o be_v so_o exhaust_v you_o let_v go_v the_o pump_n and_o the_o valve_n be_v stop_v the_o sucker_n mere_o by_o the_o force_n of_o external_a air_n overpower_v that_o more_o rarify_v air_n within_o will_v be_v force_v up_o to_o the_o top_n of_o the_o cylinder_n where_o we_o may_v observe_v that_o as_o the_o sucker_n be_v press_v high_a by_o external_a air_n so_o it_o be_v a_o argument_n of_o the_o receiver_n being_n more_o or_o less_o exhaust_v the_o air_n in_o the_o sucker_n be_v according_o more_z or_o less_o able_a to_o resist_v the_o external_a as_o it_o vary_v in_o quantity_n we_o may_v observe_v also_o that_o whilst_o the_o receiver_n retain_v any_o considerable_a quantity_n of_o air_n there_o be_v a_o brisk_a noise_n upon_o turn_v the_o key_n air._n a_o springiness_n in_o the_o air._n but_o to_o render_v these_o experiment_n more_o intellible_a i_o shall_v take_v notice_n to_o your_o lordship_n of_o a_o notion_n which_o may_v explicate_v they_o which_o be_v that_o the_o air_n consist_v of_o certain_a springy_a particle_n which_o be_v bend_v and_o press_v together_o by_o incumbent_a body_n always_o endeavour_v to_o remove_v that_o pressure_n and_o to_o dilate_v themselves_o which_o notion_n may_v be_v confirm_v by_o consider_v that_o the_o air_n consist_v of_o part_n incumbent_a on_o one_o another_o the_o uppermost_a by_o their_o weight_n must_v needs_o compress_v the_o low_a which_o compress_a part_n must_v consequent_o have_v a_o power_n of_o self-dilation_n so_o when_o a_o fleece_n of_o wool_n compress_v upon_o the_o removal_n of_o that_o pressure_n again_o expand_v itself_o the_o springiness_n of_o the_o air_n may_v likewise_o be_v explicate_v by_o suppose_v with_o the_o ingenious_a des_fw-mi cartes_n that_o the_o air_n be_v a_o congery_n of_o flexible_a particle_n of_o various_a size_n and_o very_o irregular_a figure_n raise_v by_o the_o heat_n of_o the_o sun_n and_o swim_v in_o that_o matter_n which_o encompass_n the_o earth_n which_o be_v by_o that_o aether_n that_o float_v about_o they_o keep_v separate_v and_o in_o a_o violent_a agitation_n acquire_v that_o springiness_n which_o they_o will_v lose_v in_o some_o measure_n by_o be_v compress_v by_o both_o these_o way_n the_o springiness_n of_o the_o air_n may_v be_v explain_v yet_o by_o which_o with_o most_o reason_n i_o shall_v not_o now_o dispute_v be_v not_o so_o much_o concern_v about_o the_o adequate_a cause_n of_o that_o springiness_n as_o to_o manifest_v that_o it_o have_v a_o springiness_n in_o order_n to_o show_v the_o effect_n of_o it_o for_o i_o be_o not_o satisfy_v whether_o either_o so_o far_o explain_v its_o nature_n as_o to_o make_v it_o intelligible_a but_o in_o opposition_n to_o this_o notion_n it_o may_v be_v allege_v that_o though_o it_o be_v grant_v that_o the_o air_n be_v make_v up_o of_o springy_a particle_n yet_o it_o will_v only_o account_v for_o the_o expansion_n and_o the_o dilatation_n of_o the_o spring_n of_o the_o air_n when_o apparent_o compress_v in_o wind_n gun_n and_o other_o pneumatical_a engine_n whereas_o from_o these_o experiment_n it_o do_v not_o appear_v that_o there_o be_v any_o compression_n before_o the_o air_n be_v include_v in_o those_o gun_n to_o remove_v this_o difficulty_n there_o be_v several_a experiment_n which_o prove_v that_o our_o atmosphere_n be_v not_o light_n but_o heavy_a in_o respect_n of_o some_o body_n one_o of_o which_o i_o shall_v mention_v here_o which_o be_v this_o that_o a_o lamb_n bladder_n dry_v who_o cavity_n contain_v two_o three_o of_o a_o pint_n be_v press_v together_o and_o counterpoise_v in_o a_o very_a nice_a balance_n and_o be_v prick_v upon_o the_o avolition_n of_o the_o air_n contain_v in_o it_o lose_v a_o grain_n and_o a_o eight_o part_n of_o what_o it_o weigh_v before_o from_o whence_o if_o we_o may_v conceive_v that_o it_o have_v weight_n it_o follow_v that_o a_o column_n of_o air_n of_o many_o mile_n high_a lean_v on_o those_o below_o be_v enough_o to_o compress_v and_o bend_v their_o spring_n as_o when_o wool_n be_v heap_v to_o a_o considerable_a height_n that_o which_o lie_v under_o be_v compress_v by_o that_o which_o lie_v upon_o it_o and_o if_o upon_o a_o parcel_n of_o air_n so_o large_a a_o quantity_n lie_v no_o wonder_n that_o upon_o the_o removal_n of_o that_o pressure_n it_o powerful_o expand_v as_o for_o the_o objection_n that_o water_n vary_v not_o in_o its_o weight_n in_o the_o low_a from_o the_o upper_a part_n it_o may_v be_v answer_v that_o the_o difference_n betwixt_o air_n and_o water_n be_v very_o considerable_a the_o last_o not_o be_v capable_a of_o compression_n whereas_o air_n be_v to_o which_o may_v be_v add_v the_o experiment_n try_v by_o monsieur_n pascal_n the_o son_n at_o the_o foot_n the_o middle_a and_o top_n of_o that_o high_a mountain_n in_o avergne_n call_v le_fw-fr puy_n de_fw-fr domme_n hill_n why_o mercury_n be_v suspend_v high_a at_o the_o bottom_n than_o the_o top_n of_o a_o hill_n where_o the_o mercury_n subside_v above_o three_o inch_n more_o at_o the_o top_n than_o the_o bottom_n the_o reason_n of_o which_o be_v that_o the_o air_n less_o vigorous_o press_v against_o the_o quicksilver_n at_o the_o top_n and_o so_o be_v less_o capable_a of_o bear_v it_o up_o and_o if_o it_o be_v object_v against_o what_o have_v be_v propose_v that_o if_o it_o be_v so_o compress_v it_o will_v not_o be_v so_o ready_a to_o yield_v to_o the_o slight_a force_n of_o fly_n and_o even_a feather_n it_o may_v be_v answer_v that_o as_o a_o piece_n of_o wool_n squeeze_v together_o make_v a_o manifest_a resistance_n to_o the_o pressure_n of_o the_o hand_n so_o the_o air_n do_v to_o those_o body_n though_o its_o resistance_n be_v not_o strong_a enough_o to_o overpower_v their_o motion_n the_o part_n of_o it_o be_v in_o a_o continual_a disposition_n to_o yield_v to_o solid_a body_n upon_o the_o account_n of_o its_o fluidity_n and_o the_o perpetual_a motion_n of_o its_o part_n occasion_v by_o their_o continual_a endeavour_n to_o expand_v and_o unfold_v themselves_o experiment_n ii_o of_o the_o pressure_n of_o the_o air_n against_o the_o side_n of_o the_o body_n it_o encompass_n the_o pressure_n of_o the_o air_n include_v within_o a_o ambient_fw-la body_n explain_v encompass_n the_o air_n press_v upon_o the_o side_n of_o body_n it_o encompass_n if_o when_o the_o air_n be_v almost_o draw_v out_o of_o the_o receiver_n one_o endeavour_n to_o lift_v up_o the_o brass_n key_n which_o be_v place_v in_o the_o middle_n of_o the_o brass_n cover_v it_o will_v be_v as_o difficult_a to_o raise_v it_o as_o
fill_v so_o full_a as_o not_o to_o admit_v of_o any_o air_n betwixt_o the_o finger_n and_o the_o mercury_n three_o before_o the_o tube_n be_v quite_o fill_v it_o will_v be_v requisite_a to_o invert_v the_o tube_n that_o the_o air_n include_v in_o it_o may_v by_o ascend_v to_o the_o top_n and_o upon_o a_o re-inversion_n back_o again_o gather_v all_o those_o little_a bubble_n of_o air_n which_o be_v disperse_v through_o the_o mercury_n as_o it_o pass_v from_o one_o end_n of_o the_o cylinder_n to_o another_o and_o to_o drain_v the_o mercury_n more_o exact_o you_o may_v by_o apply_v a_o hot_a iron_n cause_n those_o less_o bubble_n which_o be_v not_o exclude_v by_o the_o former_a method_n to_o break_v forth_o which_o will_v be_v promote_v by_o shake_v the_o vessel_n upon_o every_o drop_n of_o mercury_n put_v into_o the_o pipe_n by_o which_o method_n have_v in_o a_o great_a measure_n clear_v the_o tube_n of_o air_n i_o have_v in_o one_o that_o be_v pretty_a short_a raise_v the_o mercury_n to_o no_o less_o than_o 30_o digit_n and_o a_o eight_o experiemint_n xviii_o the_o variation_n of_o the_o rise_v of_o the_o mercury_n in_o the_o glass-cylind_a and_o the_o reason_n of_o it_o consider_v have_v fill_v a_o tube_n about_o 3_o foot_n long_o with_o mercury_n and_o place_v it_o in_o a_o wooden_a frame_n in_o the_o window_n i_o observe_v the_o mercury_n be_v sensible_o depress_v in_o hot_a wether_n by_o the_o expansion_n of_o the_o air_n which_o swim_v about_o it_o and_o raise_v again_o in_o cold_a the_o altitude_n very_o often_o vary_v without_o any_o manifest_a cause_n so_o that_o in_o five_o week_n time_n it_o have_v ascend_v and_o descend_v about_o two_o inch_n the_o utmost_a descent_n below_o the_o altitude_n of_o its_o first_o suspension_n be_v 9_o 16_o of_o a_o inch_n and_o it_o be_v utmost_a descent_n be_v 7_o 16_o and_o it_o be_v not_o improbable_a but_o that_o the_o variation_n of_o the_o altitude_n of_o the_o mercury_n will_v have_v be_v more_o considerable_a have_v the_o experiment_n be_v try_v in_o a_o long_a tube_n and_o in_o the_o open_a air._n and_o here_o it_o may_v be_v seasonable_a to_o take_v notice_n that_o can_v there_o be_v any_o sensible_a variation_n observe_v in_o the_o altitude_n of_o the_o mereury_n upon_o the_o ebb_a and_o flow_v of_o the_o sea_n it_o will_v be_v of_o no_o small_a moment_n in_o determine_v whether_o the_o pressure_n make_v upon_o the_o air_n by_o the_o moon_n be_v any_o way_n concern_v in_o cause_v the_o ebb_a and_o flow_v of_o it_o and_o such_o like_a phaenomena_n but_o to_o return_v to_o what_o we_o observe_v further_o have_v take_v the_o cylindrical_a tube_n out_o of_o the_o wooden_a frame_n on_o a_o snowy_a day_n we_o observe_v that_o the_o mercury_n be_v raise_v twenty_o nine_o digit_n and_o three_o quarter_n above_o the_o basis_n which_o it_o lean_v on_o if_o it_o shall_v be_v ask_v from_o whence_o these_o variation_n in_o the_o altitude_n of_o the_o mercury_n proceed_v i_o shall_v offer_v the_o follow_a consideration_n suspend_v the_o reason_n why_o mercury_n be_v not_o always_o equal_o suspend_v first_o that_o the_o air_n above_o the_o mercury_n be_v very_o weak_a and_o not_o able_a to_o make_v any_o strong_a resistance_n to_o the_o rise_a mercury_n it_o may_v be_v esteem_v a_o cause_n why_o it_o rise_v no_o high_a because_o the_o asmosphere_n be_v able_a to_o sustain_v no_o more_o of_o it_o forasmuch_o as_o the_o mercury_n and_o the_o atmosphere_n be_v balance_v in_o a_o aequilibrium_fw-la for_o the_o resistance_n which_o the_o air_n above_o the_o mercury_n can_v make_v be_v so_o small_a that_o it_o will_v rise_v but_o very_o little_o high_o be_v there_o none_o at_o all_o in_o the_o top_n of_o the_o tube_n second_o we_o may_v consider_v that_o the_o external_n air_n be_v subject_a to_o many_o more_o alteration_n and_o change_n than_o the_o internal_a contain_v in_o the_o top_n of_o the_o tube_n the_o latter_a be_v subject_n to_o be_v wrought_v on_o only_o by_o heat_n and_o cold_a but_o the_o former_a be_v subject_n to_o many_o and_o considerable_a alteration_n beside_o those_o observable_a in_o this_o experiment_n the_o effect_n of_o its_o faint_a change_n be_v evident_a by_o their_o effect_n on_o bruise_a and_o feeble_a body_n and_o that_o there_o be_v considerable_a change_n in_o the_o air_n air._n considerable_a change_n in_o the_o quality_n of_o the_o air._n be_v further_a evident_a from_o what_o kircherus_n during_o his_o stay_n in_o malta_n observe_v concern_v mount_n aetna_n which_o he_o can_v see_v from_o that_o place_n on_o some_o day_n though_o on_o other_o which_o seem_v clear_a the_o air_n be_v so_o condense_v that_o he_o can_v not_o discern_v it_o and_z thet_z the_o like_a change_n of_o the_o air_n have_v sensible_o alter_v the_o prospect_n of_o several_a place_n be_v too_o common_o know_v to_o need_v further_a instance_n and_o we_o ourselves_o have_v often_o take_v notice_n of_o plentiful_a steam_n and_o exhalation_n in_o the_o air_n by_o the_o use_n of_o telescope_n which_o can_v not_o otherwise_o be_v take_v notice_n of_o which_o after_o a_o shower_n of_o rain_n will_v present_o disappear_v and_o that_o such_o steam_n do_v rise_v from_o the_o earth_n have_v be_v observe_v by_o miner_n who_o be_v often_o too_o sensible_a of_o damp_n which_o except_o timely_o prevent_v make_v the_o air_n so_o thick_a and_o muddy_a as_o to_o put_v out_o their_o very_a candle_n and_o that_o the_o thickness_n of_o the_o air_n may_v contribute_v to_o the_o raise_n of_o the_o mercury_n in_o the_o pipe_n appear_v from_o what_o have_v be_v before_o observe_v in_o the_o torrecellian_a experiment_n and_o since_o the_o external_n air_n be_v liable_a to_o be_v alter_v so_o many_o way_n by_o the_o mixture_n of_o insensible_a corpuscle_n of_o matter_n its_o rarity_n and_o density_n be_v sufficient_a to_o account_v for_o the_o several_a variation_n in_o the_o height_n of_o the_o suspend_v mercury_n since_o according_o as_o the_o air_n be_v rarify_v its_o pressure_n in_o bodying_n up_o the_o mercury_n must_v according_o be_v vary_v experiment_n xix_o water_n the_o subside_v of_o a_o small_a cylinder_n of_o water_n to_o try_v whether_o a_o cylinder_n of_o water_n will_v subside_o in_o our_o receiver_n as_o the_o cylinder_n of_o mercury_n do_v we_o fill_v a_o cylinder_n of_o four_o foot_n long_o with_o it_o which_o be_v invert_v and_o the_o low_a end_n place_v in_o a_o glass_n vessel_n we_o let_v it_o down_o in_o the_o receiver_n and_o close_v it_o up_o which_o be_v do_v and_o the_o pump_n set_v on_o work_n we_o find_v that_o it_o do_v not_o in_o the_o least_o subside_n till_o such_o a_o quantity_n of_o air_n be_v exhaust_v as_o to_o leave_v the_o include_v air_n so_o much_o weaken_a in_o its_o spring_n as_o to_o be_v work_v upon_o and_o overpower_a by_o the_o weight_n of_o the_o water_n and_o then_o upon_o every_o suction_n it_o sensible_o subside_v though_o not_o so_o much_o as_o the_o quicksilver_n for_o whereas_o the_o quicksilver_n subside_v till_o it_o fall_v within_o a_o inch_n of_o the_o basis_n the_o expanded_a air_n remain_v in_o the_o receiver_n be_v able_a to_o bear_v up_o the_o water_n a_o foot_n high_a but_o the_o experiment_n be_v try_v in_o a_o small_a receiver_n the_o quantity_n of_o air_n include_v in_o that_o come_v near_o to_o a_o aequilibrium_fw-la with_o the_o cylinder_n of_o water_n it_o sensible_o subside_v upon_o the_o first_o exsuction_n and_o much_o low_a upon_o the_o second_o and_o sometime_o not_o much_o less_o than_o two_o foot_n and_o the_o water_n in_o this_o as_o well_o as_o the_o former_a upon_o a_o reingress_n of_o air_n rise_v to_o the_o top_n of_o the_o cylinder_n but_o with_o more_o speed_n than_o the_o former_a experiment_n xx._n water_n conceen_v the_o elater_n of_o water_n to_o evince_v that_o water_n have_v beside_o a_o notable_a one_o a_o languid_a elater_n we_o fill_v a_o glass_n bubble_n with_o a_o long_a neck_n term_v by_o the_o chemist_n a_o phylosophical_a egg_n about_o a_o span_n above_o the_o bubble_n with_o water_n where_o fix_v a_o piece_n of_o paper_n we_o convey_v it_o into_o the_o receiver_n and_o find_v that_o after_o part_n of_o the_o air_n be_v pump_v out_o the_o water_n sensible_o rise_v upon_o every_o exsuction_n the_o breadth_n of_o a_o barleycorn_n and_o upon_o the_o ingress_n of_o the_o air_n present_o subside_v to_o its_o former_a place_n another_o instance_n of_o the_o air_n be_v expansion_n i_o obtain_v by_o fill_v a_o round_a pewter_n vessel_n with_o water_n at_o a_o small_a hole_n which_o be_v stop_v with_o soder_n and_o the_o vessel_n bruise_v in_o several_a place_n to_o compress_v the_o water_n the_o vessel_n be_v perforate_v with_o a_o needle_n it_o spin_v out_o with_o force_n enough_o to_o raise_v it_o a_o considerable_a height_n
into_o the_o air._n experiment_n xxi_o same_o concern_v the_o same_o have_v fill_v a_o glass_n viol_n with_o water_n which_o contain_v something_o above_o a_o pound_n i_o take_v a_o glass_n pipe_n about_o as_o thick_a as_o a_o goose_n quill_n and_o have_v put_v one_o end_n of_o it_o into_o the_o neck_n of_o the_o bottle_n and_o close_v it_o with_o cement_n i_o fill_v the_o pipe_n half_o full_a with_o water_n stick_v a_o piece_n of_o paper_n at_o the_o superficies_n of_o the_o water_n on_o the_o outside_n of_o the_o pipe_n which_o be_v place_v in_o the_o pump_n after_o the_o air_n have_v be_v pump_v a_o while_n above_o sixty_o bubble_n of_o water_n as_o big_a as_o pease_n rise_v out_o of_o the_o water_n one_o after_o another_o and_o the_o water_n in_o the_o bottle_n so_o far_o expanded_a as_o to_o rise_v quite_o up_o to_o the_o top_n of_o the_o pipe_n and_o be_v permit_v to_o subside_n several_a bubble_n of_o air_n rise_v out_o of_o it_o afresh_o as_o soon_o as_o it_o renew_v its_o expansion_n as_o before_o but_o upon_o a_o reingress_n of_o the_o air_n it_o present_o subside_v almost_o to_o the_o bottom_n of_o the_o pipe_n beside_o which_o the_o follow_a phaenomena_n be_v observable_a first_o that_o those_o bubble_n which_o ascend_v last_o be_v much_o large_a than_o the_o former_a either_o because_o their_o part_n be_v more_o expanded_a than_o before_o or_o because_o more_o bubble_n of_o air_n be_v unite_v together_o but_o whatever_o be_v the_o cause_n of_o it_o we_o observe_v that_o they_o ascend_v much_o slow_a than_o before_o another_o thing_n to_o be_v observe_v be_v that_o though_o bubble_n be_v usual_o wont_a to_o rise_v above_o the_o surface_n of_o the_o water_n encompass_v with_o a_o thin_a film_n yet_o in_o this_o tube_n the_o surface_n of_o the_o water_n be_v convex_a the_o less_o protuberant_a part_n of_o the_o bubble_n be_v cover_v with_o water_n another_o observation_n which_o occur_v be_v that_o whereas_o those_o bubble_n which_o rise_v at_o the_o beginning_n of_o the_o operation_n divide_v the_o water_n which_o they_o pass_v through_o in_o their_o ascent_n these_o latter_a expanded_a bubble_n fill_v up_o the_o cavity_n of_o the_o cylinder_n in_o their_o passage_n raise_v the_o water_n before_o they_o till_o the_o air_n be_v again_o permit_v to_o re-enter_v the_o receiver_n and_o then_o they_o whole_o disappear_v from_o which_o observation_n it_o may_v natural_o be_v infer_v first_o body_n under_o water_n may_v be_v press_v upon_o by_o the_o atmosphere_n as_o well_o as_o incumbent_a water_n second_o it_o can_v be_v hence_o infer_v that_o the_o intumescence_n of_o the_o water_n proceed_v from_o any_o elasticity_n in_o it_o since_o it_o may_v more_o probable_o proceed_v from_o the_o elasticity_n of_o the_o air_n lodge_v in_o the_o pore_n of_o the_o water_n and_o to_o make_v it_o probable_a that_o those_o bubble_n proceed_v from_o small_a particle_n of_o air_n disperse_v through_o the_o pore_n of_o the_o water_n and_o not_o from_o any_o spirituous_a part_n of_o the_o liquor_n expanded_a i_o shall_v subjoin_v the_o follow_a experiment_n experiment_n xxii_o the_o bubble_n prove_v to_o be_v aerious_a and_o not_o watery_a by_o observe_v the_o like_a bubble_n in_o î_fw-la mercury_n to_o which_o be_v subjoin_v a_o digression_n whether_o the_o air_n be_v generate_v de_fw-la novo_fw-la etc._n etc._n though_o it_o be_v general_o allege_v that_o the_o bubble_n which_o rise_v in_o the_o cylindrical_a tube_n in_o the_o forego_n nineteenth_o experiment_n be_v particle_n of_o water_n expanded_a upon_o a_o diminution_n of_o the_o incumbent_a weight_n of_o the_o air_n yet_o i_o be_o apt_a to_o believe_v they_o real_o part_v of_o air_n disperse_v through_o the_o water_n because_o upon_o the_o re-enter_v of_o the_o air_n the_o water_n be_v not_o impel_v quite_o to_o the_o top_n but_o be_v depress_v by_o the_o air_n lodge_v above_o it_o almost_o a_o inch_n which_o be_v collect_v together_o be_v able_a to_o resist_v the_o pressure_n of_o the_o air._n prove_v the_o bubble_n which_o rise_v in_o water_n aerial_a prove_v but_o in_o order_n to_o a_o further_a discovery_n whether_o the_o aforesaid_a bubble_n be_v water_n or_o not_o we_o try_v the_o nineteenth_o experiment_n in_o a_o small_a receiver_n and_o upon_o draw_v out_o the_o air_n the_o water_n subside_v upon_o which_o several_a bubble_n rise_v to_o the_o top_n of_o the_o cylinder_n prevent_v the_o rise_n of_o the_o water_n half_o a_o inch_n be_v possess_v by_o the_o bubble_n of_o the_o air_n collect_v at_o the_o top_n of_o the_o cylinder_n and_o we_o be_v further_o persuade_v that_o those_o bubble_n be_v aerial_a because_o the_o air_n be_v a_o second_o time_n exhaust_v the_o water_n contain_v in_o the_o tube_n be_v by_o the_o spring_n of_o that_o air_n contain_v in_o the_o cylinder_n depress_v below_o the_o surface_n of_o the_o water_n which_o be_v without_o the_o tube_n have_v a_o convex_a superficies_n as_o water_v expose_v to_o air_n in_o such_o tubes_fw-la usual_o have_v but_o rather_o more_o protuberant_a and_o to_o demonstrate_v that_o those_o bubble_n be_v real_o make_v up_o of_o aerial_a particle_n when_o the_o air_n be_v almost_o exhaust_v and_o the_o water_n have_v subside_v near_o as_o low_a as_o the_o external_a water_n by_o apply_v water_n to_o the_o tube_n which_o contain_v the_o air_n we_o observe_v that_o it_o be_v so_o far_o expanded_a as_o to_o depress_v the_o water_n down_o to_o the_o bottom_n of_o the_o tube_n several_a inch_n below_o the_o external_n water_n so_o that_o the_o air_n which_o be_v before_o expanded_a to_o near_o a_o hundred_o time_n its_o extent_n be_v capable_a of_o be_v further_o expanded_a by_o heat_n but_o i_o be_v yet_o further_o confirm_v in_o my_o opinion_n that_o those_o bubble_n be_v nothing_o but_o air_n lodge_v in_o the_o pore_n of_o the_o water_n because_o the_o air_n be_v exhaust_v out_o of_o the_o receiver_n the_o subside_v water_n yield_v not_o bubble_n as_o before_o except_o a_o few_o small_a one_o when_o it_o be_v near_o pump_v out_o and_o what_o i_o take_v for_o a_o strong_a argument_n be_v that_o the_o same_o experiment_n be_v try_v with_o mercury_n several_a bubble_n likewise_o rise_v to_o the_o top_n of_o the_o cylinder_n and_o the_o mercury_n subside_v a_o second_o time_n upon_o the_o exsuction_n of_o the_o air_n several_a bubble_n appear_v in_o the_o bottom_n of_o the_o cylinder_n which_o grow_v big_a and_o big_a as_o the_o surface_n of_o the_o mercury_n descend_v low_a from_o whence_o it_o appear_v that_o a_o body_n pore_n the_o expansion_n of_o water_n depend_v on_o the_o elater_n of_o the_o air_n lodge_v in_o its_o pore_n more_o ponderous_a than_o water_n may_v contain_v aerial_a particle_n in_o its_o pore_n capable_a of_o expand_v themselves_o when_o the_o cause_n of_o their_o compression_n be_v take_v away_o so_o that_o we_o have_v reason_n to_o believe_v that_o the_o intumescence_n of_o the_o water_n not_o only_o in_o these_o experiment_n but_o also_o the_o 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d of_o the_o water_n contain_v in_o the_o pewter_n globe_n before_o mention_v proceed_v from_o the_o expansion_n of_o the_o aerial_a particle_n contain_v in_o the_o pore_n of_o the_o water_n rather_o than_o from_o any_o elasticity_n in_o the_o water_n itself_o these_o thing_n be_v premise_v it_o will_v be_v a_o matter_n of_o some_o importance_n and_o of_o no_o small_a consequence_n not_o whether_o air_n be_v a_o primogeneal_a bedy_n or_o not_o to_o determine_v whether_o what_o we_o have_v say_v of_o the_o air_n be_v true_a to_o consider_v whether_o air_n be_v real_o a_o primogenial_a body_n and_o inconvertible_a into_o water_n and_o vice_n versâ_fw-la or_o not_o but_o it_o be_v as_o difficult_a as_o requisite_a we_o shall_v rather_o choose_v to_o offer_v what_o may_v be_v urge_v of_o either_o the_o affirmative_a or_o the_o negative_a and_o first_o in_o favour_n of_o the_o inaptitude_n of_o air_n to_o be_v turn_v into_o water_n or_o of_o water_n into_o air_n it_o may_v be_v urge_v that_o beside_o that_o it_o have_v be_v the_o opinion_n of_o several_a philosopher_n it_o have_v likewise_o be_v find_v impossible_a by_o experience_n to_o effect_v such_o a_o change_n in_o either_o of_o they_o and_o the_o diligent_a schottus_n mecham_n hydraulicopneumat_n part_v 3_o class_n 1._o relate_v that_o in_o the_o musaeum_fw-la kircherianum_n water_n have_v be_v hermetical_o seal_v in_o a_o glass_n with_o a_o long_a neck_n and_o keep_v there_o this_o forty_o year_n without_o undergo_a any_o change_n nor_o indeed_o do_v we_o perceive_v the_o least_o alteration_n in_o the_o nature_n of_o air_n hermetical_o seal_v in_o glass_n for_o chemical_a uses_n though_o it_o may_v acquire_v several_a degree_n of_o heat_n in_o they_o and_o it_o may_v very_o plain_o be_v see_v that_o though_o water_n be_v divide_v into_o
part_n be_v check_v by_o cold._n but_o leave_v this_o plausible_a though_o not_o satisfactory_a experiment_n i_o shall_v proceed_v to_o another_o which_o be_v this_o have_v fill_v a_o glass_n bubble_n capable_a of_o contain_v about_o three_o ounce_n with_o near_a equal_a part_n of_o oil_n of_o vitriol_n and_o water_n half_o a_o dozen_o iron_n nail_n be_v cast_v into_o it_o we_o stop_v the_o cylindrical_a neck_n of_o the_o tube_n with_o diapalma_n so_o close_o as_o to_o exclude_v the_o air_n altogether_o which_o be_v do_v we_o immerse_v the_o neck_n of_o this_o bubble_n into_o a_o glass_n vessel_n full_a of_o the_o same_o liquor_n and_o in_o a_o little_a time_n perceive_v bubble_n to_o rise_v to_o the_o top_n of_o it_o be_v raise_v by_o the_o heat_n produce_v by_o the_o action_n of_o the_o oil_n upon_o the_o nail_n and_o this_o air_n be_v so_o much_o increase_v in_o a_o little_a time_n as_o to_o depress_v the_o water_n quite_o out_o of_o the_o bubble_n into_o the_o cylindrical_a neck_n of_o it_o but_o lest_o that_o pressure_n shall_v be_v think_v to_o proceed_v from_o the_o agitation_n of_o those_o insensible_a part_n of_o matter_n we_o observe_v that_o though_o the_o vessel_n be_v expose_v to_o the_o air_n for_o four_o day_n to_o give_v the_o motion_n of_o the_o part_n time_n to_o cease_v have_v the_o effect_n proceed_v from_o they_o we_o observe_v that_o the_o liquor_n all_o that_o time_n continue_v depress_v the_o space_n beforemention_v be_v fill_v with_o air._n and_o what_o be_v worthy_a to_o be_v note_v upon_o a_o small_a degree_n of_o heat_n approach_v the_o bubble_n the_o include_v air_n be_v further_o dilate_v and_o the_o like_a phaenomena_n succeed_v upon_o a_o trial_n with_o nail_n corrode_v in_o aqua_fw-la fortis_fw-la from_o which_o experiment_n it_o may_v be_v infer_v that_o if_o water_n be_v not_o convertible_a into_o air_n yet_o it_o seem_v probable_a that_o it_o may_v be_v generate_v anew_o and_o that_o air_n and_o water_n be_v mutual_o convertible_a into_o each_o other_o may_v further_o be_v urge_v as_o nothing_o but_o what_o the_o aristotelian_o teach_v and_o allow_v of_o but_o we_o shall_v rather_o urge_v that_o if_o what_o democritus_n lucippus_n and_o epicurus_n together_o with_o other_o naturalist_n teach_v be_v allow_v of_o viz._n that_o the_o quality_n of_o body_n depend_v on_o the_o different_a figure_n shape_v and_o texture_n of_o the_o part_n of_o matter_n they_o consist_v of_o it_o will_v be_v reasonable_a enough_o to_o think_v that_o the_o texture_n of_o the_o part_n of_o water_n be_v alter_v they_o may_v acquire_v the_o several_a quality_n of_o air_n since_o it_o be_v certain_a that_o the_o part_n of_o matter_n may_v by_o a_o lucky_a concourse_n of_o cause_n become_v springy_a so_o silver_n by_o be_v beat_v with_o a_o hammer_n acquire_v springiness_n which_o it_o lose_v by_o be_v heat_v in_o the_o fire_n and_o become_v flexible_a experiment_n xxiii_o prosecute_v the_o subject_a of_o the_o former_a experiment_n prosecute_v in_o prosecution_n of_o what_o be_v deliver_v in_o the_o forego_n experiment_n we_o fill_v a_o glass_n call_v a_o philosophical_a egg_n with_o common_a water_n about_o a_o foot_n and_o a_o half_a high_a it_o be_v large_a enough_o to_o contain_v about_o nine_o ounce_n and_o the_o diameter_n of_o the_o neck_n be_v at_o the_o top_n half_o a_o inch_n and_o at_o the_o bottom_n a_o inch_n this_o be_v put_v into_o the_o receiver_n and_o the_o pump_n ply_v when_o the_o air_n be_v pretty_a well_o exhaust_v several_a bubble_n rise_v to_o the_o top_n and_o break_v but_o all_o of_o they_o find_v a_o easy_a passage_n through_o the_o water_n do_v not_o elevate_v it_o as_o when_o they_o ascend_v in_o a_o narrow_a cylinder_n but_o upon_o a_o admission_n of_o air_n into_o the_o receiver_n again_o the_o water_n be_v sensible_o depress_v to_o try_v whether_o distil_a water_n be_v more_o subject_a to_o expand_v than_o common_a water_n i_o put_v two_o ounce_n of_o it_o into_o a_o glass_n bubble_n which_o wrought_v to_o the_o middle_a of_o its_o neck_n but_o it_o neither_o swell_v nor_o yield_v bubble_n upon_o a_o exsuction_n of_o the_o air._n but_o have_v put_v distil_v water_n into_o two_o distinct_a philosophical_a egg_n the_o neck_n of_o the_o former_a being_n straighten_a with_o a_o glass_n tube_n we_o place_v they_o in_o the_o receiver_n and_o find_v a_o manifest_a difference_n upon_o the_o exsuction_n of_o the_o air_n for_o in_o that_o which_o be_v straighten_a the_o air_n manifest_o elevate_a the_o water_n several_a bubble_n be_v gather_v about_o the_o bottom_n of_o the_o glass_n tube_n whereas_o in_o the_o other_o egg_n the_o water_n be_v not_o in_o the_o least_o elevate_v and_o though_o the_o bubble_n in_o the_o last-mentioned_a disappear_v upon_o the_o re-ingress_n of_o the_o air_n those_o above_o the_o tube_n continue_v visible_a only_o a_o little_a contract_v for_o a_o considerable_a time_n the_o surface_n of_o the_o water_n which_o be_v before_o elevate_v be_v depress_v low_a than_o when_o first_o put_v into_o the_o egg._n and_o after_o a_o day_n time_n have_v again_o ply_v the_o pump_n we_o observe_v that_o the_o bubble_n be_v so_o much_o draw_v out_o before_o that_o we_o can_v scarce_o discern_v a_o bubble_n in_o either_o but_o that_o in_o which_o the_o cylindrical_a tube_n be_v place_v swell_v the_o breadth_n of_o a_o barley_n corn_n though_o the_o other_o do_v not_o yet_o in_o the_o former_a upon_o a_o re-ingress_n of_o air_n it_o subside_v again_o and_o whether_o that_o swelling_n be_v cause_v by_o the_o rarefaction_n of_o the_o water_n or_o the_o spring_n of_o some_o latent_fw-la airy_a part_n be_v not_o easy_a to_o determine_v experiment_n xxiv_o liquor_n the_o former_a experiment_n prosecute_v with_o other_o liquor_n have_v put_v salad_n oil_n into_o a_o glass_n about_o the_o size_n of_o a_o turkey_n egg_n who_o stem_n be_v near_o â…“_n of_o a_o inch_n in_o diameter_n the_o liquor_n reach_v up_o to_o the_o middle_a of_o the_o stem_n we_o place_v it_o in_o the_o receiver_n together_o with_o the_o like_a vessel_n fill_v to_o the_o same_o height_n with_o water_n and_o upon_o draw_v out_o the_o air_n the_o bubble_n be_v not_o only_o more_o copious_a than_o those_o of_o the_o water_n but_o rise_v much_o soon_o as_o well_o as_o long_o continue_v till_o the_o pumper_n be_v quite_o tire_v with_o pump_v and_o what_o be_v very_o remarkable_a in_o this_o experiment_n be_v that_o when_o the_o oil_n be_v put_v into_o the_o receiver_n before_o the_o receiver_n can_v be_v close_v and_o the_o pump_n put_v into_o action_n it_o subside_v near_o half_a a_o inch_n in_o the_o stem_n have_v put_v oil_n of_o turpentine_n into_o a_o glass_n bubble_n we_o observe_v that_o it_o afford_v a_o good_a quantity_n of_o bubble_n which_o expanded_a themselves_o in_o their_o ascent_n and_o will_v sometime_o raise_v the_o oil_n in_o the_o tube_n so_o much_o as_o to_o make_v it_o run_v over_o but_o beside_o the_o forego_n we_o try_v the_o like_a experiment_n with_o other_o liquor_n among_o which_o a_o strong_a solution_n of_o salt_n of_o tartar_n afford_v very_o few_o bubble_n and_o those_o much_o late_a than_o other_o liquor_n spirit_n of_o vinegar_n likewise_o yield_v very_o few_o red_a wine_n afford_v bubble_n pretty_a plentiful_o which_o change_v place_n by_o move_v in_o a_o oblique_a ascent_n and_o form_v a_o sort_n of_o froth_n near_o the_o top_n which_o present_o disappear_v milk_n afford_v plentiful_a bubble_n which_o elevate_v that_o liquor_n more_o than_o common_a water_n we_o likewise_o put_v egg_n into_o the_o receiver_n to_o see_v whether_o the_o substance_n contain_v in_o the_o shell_n will_v break_v they_o leave_v the_o film_n within_o it_o whole_a as_o that_o substance_n freeze_v have_v do_v but_o it_o succeed_v not_o we_o put_v spirit_n of_o urine_n into_o a_o glass_n egg_n fill_v another_o up_o to_o the_o middle_a of_o the_o neck_n with_o common_a water_n to_o which_o we_o add_v as_o much_o spirit_n of_o wine_n as_o raise_v it_o half_o a_o inch_n high_o and_o into_o a_o glass_n which_o differ_v from_o the_o former_a only_o in_o have_v a_o flat_a bottom_n we_o pour_v rectify_v spirit_n of_o wine_n till_o it_o rise_v to_o â…”_n of_o the_o neck_n and_o the_o edge_n of_o these_o three_o be_v mark_v we_o put_v they_o into_o a_o receiver_n upon_o the_o exsuction_n of_o the_o air_n the_o mixture_n of_o water_n and_o spirit_n of_o wine_n afford_v very_o few_o bubble_n the_o spirit_n of_o urinal_n swell_v near_o a_o inch_n and_o a_o half_a above_o the_o mark_n afford_v store_n of_o bubble_n which_o form_v a_o froth_n upon_o which_o several_a large_a bubble_n lay_v which_o be_v place_v one_o above_o another_o to_o the_o top_n of_o the_o tube_n the_o spirit_n of_o wine_n afford_v bubble_n till_o we_o be_v weary_a
last_o mention_v experiment_n it_o appear_v that_o it_o be_v possible_a even_o by_o weight_n to_o measure_v how_o far_o nature_n be_v dispose_v to_o prevent_v or_o fill_v vacuity_n since_o a_o small_a difference_n in_o weight_n determine_v by_o depress_v or_o permit_v the_o sucker_n to_o rise_v how_o far_o nature_n abhorrency_n of_o a_o vacuum_n depend_v on_o the_o cause_n we_o have_v so_o often_o mention_v but_o here_o it_o may_v be_v requisite_a to_o advertise_v that_o by_o vacuity_n i_o do_v not_o mean_a space_n altogether_o void_a of_o matter_n but_o void_a of_o such_o as_o may_v be_v perceive_v so_o that_o i_o take_v the_o word_n vacuum_n in_o the_o common_a not_o the_o strict_a and_o philosophical_a sense_n of_o the_o word_n but_o last_o from_o this_o xxxiii_o experiment_n it_o appear_v that_o the_o weight_n of_o the_o atmosphere_n we_o live_v in_o be_v strong_a than_o what_o man_n usual_o think_v it_o be_v and_o probable_o near_o the_o northern_a pole_n it_o be_v much_o strong_a since_o if_o what_o varenius_n observe_v the_o air_n be_v so_o condense_v in_o nova_n zembla_n as_o to_o hinder_v the_o motion_n of_o a_o pendulum_n except_o move_v by_o a_o heavy_a weight_n than_o what_o be_v usual_o make_v use_n of_o in_o our_o climate_n experiment_n xxxiv_o receiver_n attempt_v to_o weigh_v light_a body_n in_o our_o receiver_n to_o try_v whether_o the_o aequilibrium_fw-la of_o two_o body_n of_o a_o equal_a weight_n in_o the_o air_n but_o of_o unequal_a dimension_n will_v be_v lose_v in_o our_o receiver_n as_o it_o usual_o be_v in_o water_n by_o reason_n of_o a_o great_a quantity_n of_o water_n buoy_v up_o against_o that_o who_o dimension_n be_v most_o extensive_a i_o take_v a_o bladder_n half_n full_a of_o air_n and_o tie_v it_o to_o one_o end_n of_o our_o balance_n which_o turn_v with_o the_o 32_o part_n of_o a_o grain_n which_o be_v counterpoise_v with_o a_o weight_n in_o the_o other_o scale_n we_o let_v it_o down_o into_o the_o receiver_n and_o have_v close_v it_o up_o upon_o a_o exsuction_n of_o the_o air_n we_o find_v the_o bladder_n to_o dilate_v and_o manifest_o to_o preponderate_v but_o upon_o admit_v the_o air_n into_o the_o receiver_n again_o the_o bladder_n be_v over-poised_a by_o the_o weight_n but_o leave_v they_o in_o the_o receiver_n all_o night_n the_o bladder_n imbibe_v so_o much_o of_o the_o external_n moisture_n as_o to_o weigh_v that_o end_n of_o the_o balance_n down_o a_o good_a way_n yet_o the_o bladder_n be_v dry_v a_o little_a they_o be_v both_o bring_v to_o a_o aequilibrium_fw-la and_o the_o like_a experiment_n we_o try_v with_o a_o piece_n of_o cork_n instead_o of_o the_o bladder_n and_o observe_v that_o the_o receiver_n be_v evacuate_v as_o well_o as_o upon_o a_o reingress_n of_o the_o air_n the_o cork_n manifest_o preponderate_v experiment_n xxxv_o of_o the_o cause_n of_o filtration_n and_o the_o rise_n of_o water_n in_o the_o syphon_n etc._n etc._n filtration_n the_o cause_n of_o filtration_n to_o try_v whether_o in_o filtration_n the_o rise_n of_o the_o water_n may_v not_o proceed_v from_o the_o impulse_n of_o the_o air_n we_o make_v use_v of_o a_o syphon_n of_o glass_n represent_v by_o the_o three_o figure_n which_o be_v make_v of_o two_o strait_a piece_n and_o a_o crooked_a one_o which_o join_v the_o other_o two_o together_o the_o juncture_n be_v well_o close_v the_o long_a leg_n of_o the_o syphon_n be_v pervious_a only_o at_o the_o small_a end_n so_o as_o to_o suffer_v the_o water_n to_o pass_v through_o it_o but_o both_o the_o end_n of_o the_o short_a leg_n be_v equal_o pervious_a the_o diameter_n of_o their_o boar_n be_v ¼_n of_o a_o inch._n the_o length_n of_o these_o two_o pipe_n be_v about_o a_o foot_n and_o a_o half_a that_o the_o rarify_v air_n in_o the_o receiver_n when_o it_o be_v pretty_a well_o exhaust_v may_v not_o raise_v the_o water_n include_v in_o the_o pipe_n too_o high_a the_o short_a leg_n of_o the_o syphon_n be_v immerse_v two_o or_o three_o inch_n in_o a_o vessel_n of_o water_n the_o other_o end_n be_v fasten_v to_o the_o cover_n which_o thing_n be_v do_v and_o the_o receiver_n close_v up_o we_o begin_v to_o pump_v the_o result_n of_o which_o be_v that_o the_o water_n drop_v out_o of_o the_o low_a leg_n of_o the_o syphon_n as_o if_o it_o have_v be_v expose_v to_o the_o open_a air_n till_o the_o receiver_n be_v in_o some_o measure_n exhaust_v and_o then_o several_a bubble_n rise_v in_o the_o water_n gather_v together_o at_o the_o top_n of_o the_o short_a legged_a syphon_n where_o expand_v themselves_o they_o stop_v the_o course_n of_o the_o water_n that_o in_o the_o long_a leg_n be_v suspend_v in_o the_o tube_n and_o cease_v to_o drop_v and_o the_o water_n in_o the_o short_a leg_n be_v so_o far_o depress_v as_o not_o to_o be_v above_o a_o foot_n high_a but_o as_o soon_o as_o the_o external_n air_n be_v let_v in_o again_o it_o enter_v in_o at_o the_o small_a orifice_n of_o the_o long_a tube_n and_o ascend_v through_o the_o water_n contain_v in_o the_o pipe_n join_v with_o the_o former_a which_o be_v lodge_v in_o the_o upper_a part_n of_o the_o short_a legged_a tube_n but_o to_o prevent_v what_o inconvenience_n ensue_v the_o rise_n of_o these_o bubble_n the_o two_o forementioned_a tube_n be_v place_v so_o as_o to_o meet_v in_o the_o middle_n of_o a_o glass_n viol._n the_o neck_n of_o the_o viol_n be_v close_v up_o with_o cement_n and_o the_o tube_n be_v thus_o fix_v and_o they_o as_o well_o as_o the_o viol_n fill_v with_o water_n the_o syphon_n represent_v by_o the_o five_o figure_n be_v place_v in_o the_o receiver_n with_o its_o short_a leg_n in_o a_o vessel_n of_o water_n upon_o which_o the_o pump_n be_v ply_v the_o long_a syphon_n continue_v to_o drop_v much_o long_a than_o before_o but_o at_o the_o last_o the_o bubble_n which_o rise_v in_o the_o pipe_n be_v so_o dilate_v in_o the_o viol_n as_o to_o press_v down_o into_o the_o end_n of_o the_o tube_n and_o interrupt_v our_o experiment_n though_o what_o we_o observe_v give_v we_o reason_n to_o believe_v that_o the_o air_n contribute_v to_o the_o motion_n of_o the_o water_n through_o the_o syphon_n and_o here_o i_o shall_v subjoin_v that_o i_o once_o have_v a_o very_a slender_a pipe_n which_o when_o hold_v upon_o the_o surface_n of_o the_o water_n in_o a_o perpendicular_a posture_n the_o incumbent_a atmosphere_n press_v so_o much_o more_o on_o the_o surface_n of_o the_o external_n water_n than_o that_o contain_v in_o the_o tube_n that_o the_o water_n be_v raise_v in_o the_o tube_n and_o this_o pipe_n be_v bend_v into_o a_o syphon_n and_o place_v with_o the_o short_a leg_n in_o water_n as_o syphons_n usual_o be_v the_o water_n of_o its_o own_o accord_n rise_v up_o in_o the_o short_a leg_n and_o run_v down_o the_o other_o and_o this_o syphon_n be_v place_v in_o our_o receiver_n to_o try_v what_o alteration_n of_o the_o phaenomenon_n will_v appear_v there_o we_o can_v not_o discern_v any_o sensible_a one_o but_o though_o in_o this_o tube_n just_a now_o mention_v the_o water_n rise_v of_o its_o own_o accord_n yet_o if_o such_o a_o tube_n be_v thrust_v a_o little_a way_n into_o the_o mercury_n instead_o of_o rise_v the_o mercury_n in_o the_o tube_n will_v be_v below_o that_o which_o be_v without_o it_o experiment_n xxxvi_o the_o weight_n of_o air_n in_o the_o exhaust_v receiver_n the_o subtle_a penetrate_a power_n of_o some_o spirit_n above_o that_o of_o the_o air._n the_o cause_n why_o air_n will_v not_o enter_v the_o pore_n of_o some_o body_n which_o water_n will_n the_o weight_n of_o the_o air_n examine_v by_o a_o aeolipile_n the_o proportion_n betwixt_o the_o gravity_n of_o air_n and_o water_n betwixt_o water_n and_o quicksilver_n conjecture_n concern_v the_o weight_n of_o the_o atmosphere_n air._n the_o weight_n of_o the_o air._n notwithstanding_o the_o several_a method_n propropose_v by_o galileo_n and_o other_o to_o try_v the_o weight_n of_o the_o air_n be_v willing_a to_o be_v further_o satisfy_v we_o cause_v a_o oval_a glass_n with_o a_o small_a tube_n at_o one_o end_v to_o be_v blow_v at_o the_o flame_n of_o a_o lamp_n and_o this_o glass_n bubble_n be_v of_o the_o size_n of_o a_o hen_n egg_n be_v fix_v to_o one_o end_v of_o a_o balance_n be_v counterpoise_v by_o a_o weight_n at_o the_o other_o end_n which_o be_v suspend_v in_o our_o receiver_n and_o the_o pump_n set_v on_o work_n the_o bubble_n after_o three_o exsuction_n continue_v to_o preponderate_v more_o and_o more_o till_o the_o air_n be_v let_v in_o again_o and_o then_o the_o balance_n be_v reduce_v to_o its_o former_a aequilibrium_fw-la but_o have_v repeat_v the_o experiment_n with_o a_o additional_a weight_n of_o three_o quarter_n of_o a_o grain_n in_o the_o scale_n opposite_a to_o the_o
aliment_n be_v carry_v off_o by_o insensible_a transpiration_n and_o as_o these_o instance_n show_v how_o unfit_a a_o air_n too_o gross_a be_v for_o respiration_n so_o that_o a_o air_n too_o thin_a be_v likewise_o prejudicial_a appear_v from_o the_o experiment_n already_o try_v in_o our_o receiver_n so_o that_o it_o be_v not_o improbable_a that_o if_o a_o man_n be_v remove_v to_o the_o top_n of_o our_o atmosphere_n he_o will_v die_v for_o want_v of_o breath_n in_o favour_n of_o which_o conjecture_n i_o shall_v add_v that_o the_o learned_a josephus_n acosta_n tell_v we_o that_o go_v up_o a_o high_a mountain_n in_o peru_n call_v pariacaca_fw-la which_o be_v so_o high_a above_o the_o alps_o as_o to_o make_v they_o appear_v only_o as_o high_a tower_n he_o and_o his_o companion_n be_v take_v with_o excessive_a vomit_v together_o with_o blood_n which_o last_v till_o he_o come_v to_o a_o region_n more_o convenient_a for_o respiration_n and_o he_o likewise_o say_v to_o our_o present_a purpose_n that_o the_o element_n of_o the_o air_n be_v so_o subtle_a and_o delicate_a there_o that_o it_o be_v too_o fine_a for_o a_o man_n to_o breathe_v in_o the_o action_n of_o respiration_n require_v a_o grosser_n and_o more_o temperate_a air._n but_o though_o from_o hence_o it_o appear_v that_o the_o air_n contribute_v to_o respiration_n in_o carry_v off_o the_o recrement_n of_o the_o blood_n yet_o it_o be_v scarce_o probable_a that_o those_o recrement_n shall_v so_o soon_o kill_v a_o animal_n as_o to_o cause_v bird_n enclose_v in_o our_o receiver_n to_o die_v in_o a_o few_o minute_n for_o want_v of_o be_v carry_v off_o and_o it_o will_v not_o be_v hard_a to_o account_v for_o such_o effect_n shall_v we_o allow_v with_o paracelsus_n that_o air_n contribute_v to_o the_o geneneration_n of_o a_o vital_a spirit_n since_o the_o interruption_n of_o its_o generation_n for_o so_o small_a a_o time_n can_v scarce_o be_v fatal_a yet_o i_o shall_v add_v on_o this_o occasion_n that_o i_o have_v be_v tell_v that_o cornelius_n drebellus_fw-la make_v a_o boat_n for_o the_o learned_a king_n james_n which_o will_v swim_v under_o water_n in_o which_o to_o make_v the_o air_n include_v fit_a for_o respiration_n he_o be_v wont_a to_o open_v a_o vessel_n which_o contain_v a_o liquor_n which_o add_v such_o a_o vital_a spirit_n to_o the_o air_n as_o purge_v it_o of_o the_o grosser_n exhalation_n and_o condense_v they_o wherefore_o i_o be_o the_o more_o favourable_o incline_v to_o think_v that_o the_o air_n may_v conduce_v to_o the_o preserurtion_n of_o vital_a spirit_n and_o that_o it_o contribute_v to_o the_o preservation_n of_o life_n as_o air_n to_o flame_n for_o have_v convey_v rectfy_v spirit_n of_o wine_n into_o our_o receiver_n we_o find_v that_o it_o will_v not_o continue_v long_o no_o more_o than_o the_o vital_a flame_n of_o a_o animal_n if_o the_o air_n be_v exhaust_v but_o not_o to_o insist_v upon_o these_o thing_n we_o shall_v add_v that_o have_v dissect_v a_o bitch_n and_o take_v out_o one_o of_o the_o whelp_n though_o we_o open_v his_o abdomen_fw-la and_o thorax_n and_o divide_v the_o diaphragm_n yet_o have_v once_o begin_v to_o breathe_v his_o heart_n continue_v to_o beat_v above_o six_o hour_n whereas_o three_o more_o which_o be_v involve_v in_o the_o secundine_n in_o the_o mean_a time_n be_v all_o dead_a though_o they_o be_v neither_o wound_v nor_o have_v ever_o breathe_v how_o far_o this_o may_v serve_v to_o illustrate_v the_o problem_n propose_v by_o dr._n harvey_n viz._n why_o a_o foetus_fw-la may_v live_v long_o before_o it_o have_v breathe_v if_o involve_v in_o the_o secundine_n than_o if_o when_o it_o have_v once_o respire_v respiration_n be_v stop_v we_o leave_v other_o to_o judge_v whether_o fish_n breathe_v or_o not_o under_o water_n especial_o those_o that_o want_v lung_n i_o can_v now_o determine_v but_o that_o air_n be_v necessary_a to_o the_o preservation_n of_o their_o life_n seem_v to_o be_v evince_v by_o observe_v that_o if_o fish_n be_v enclose_v in_o a_o bottle_n which_o be_v close_o stop_v from_o the_o air_n or_o if_o they_o be_v keep_v from_o the_o air_n by_o the_o freeze_a of_o water_n they_o present_o die_v and_o indeed_o consider_v how_o many_o particle_n of_o air_n be_v intersperse_v in_o the_o pore_n of_o water_n it_o may_v not_o be_v altogether_o improbable_a that_o part_n of_o it_o be_v separate_v as_o it_o pass_v through_o their_o gills_o or_o some_o other_o way_n and_o i_o be_o the_o rather_o incline_v to_o believe_v it_o because_o have_v put_v a_o large_a eel_n into_o our_o receiver_n upon_o exhaust_v the_o air_n she_o turn_v up_o her_o belly_n and_o lay_v as_o dead_a till_o the_o receiver_n be_v unstop_v and_o the_o fish_n take_v out_o into_o the_o open_a air_n satisfy_v we_o of_o her_o recovery_n by_o very_o brisk_a and_o vivid_v motion_n but_o what_o be_v not_o a_o little_a to_o be_v admire_v have_v put_v a_o grey_a snail_n into_o our_o receiver_n we_o perceive_v not_o the_o least_o alteration_n when_o the_o air_n be_v draw_v out_o but_o whence_o these_o phaenomena_n proceed_v we_o shall_v not_o now_o stay_v to_o determine_v nor_o be_v we_o now_o at_o leisure_n to_o examine_v any_o further_a whether_o the_o paradox_n which_o some_o hold_n be_v true_a viz._n that_o the_o child_n respire_v in_o the_o womb_n only_o we_o shall_v say_v that_o it_o be_v not_o altogether_o fabulous_a that_o the_o foetus_fw-la have_v sometime_o be_v hear_v to_o cry_v in_o the_o womb_n and_o chicken_n have_v be_v observe_v to_o pip_n in_o the_o eggshell_n before_o it_o be_v break_v which_o may_v be_v argument_n of_o a_o obscure_a respiration_n except_o it_o can_v be_v make_v to_o appear_v that_o such_o sound_n may_v arise_v from_o halituous_a vapour_n in_o the_o larynx_n and_o that_o they_o may_v will_v not_o be_v a_o little_a favour_v by_o observe_v what_o audible_a sound_v arise_v from_o the_o halituous_a vapour_n of_o a_o aeolipile_n force_v upon_o the_o blade_n of_o a_o knife_n hold_v in_o various_a posture_n but_o to_o proceed_v the_o necessity_n of_o breathe_v though_o those_o that_o be_v not_o well_o be_v accustom_a to_o want_v it_o may_v appear_v from_o the_o small_a time_n that_o such_o man_n be_v able_a to_o stay_v under_o water_n but_o may_v further_o be_v illustrate_v by_o the_o follow_a experiment_n for_o have_v convey_v a_o humming-bee_n a_o flesh-f_o and_o a_o palmer-worm_n into_o our_o receiver_n upon_o the_o exsuction_n of_o the_o air_n in_o a_o minute_n time_n they_o all_o seem_v dead_a but_o present_o recover_v by_o the_o re-ingress_n of_o air_n yet_o when_o the_o air_n be_v again_o draw_v out_o they_o appear_v dead_a which_o be_v a_o strong_a argument_n to_o induce_v we_o to_o believe_v that_o the_o body_n of_o animal_n be_v but_o so_o many_o curiously-contrived_a engine_n except_o those_o of_o man_n who_o wheel_n be_v set_v on_o go_v by_o the_o influence_n of_o external_n agent_n for_o even_o those_o fly_n which_o present_o die_v in_o our_o receiver_n will_v crawl_v about_o even_o when_o their_o head_n be_v cut_v off_o and_o it_o be_v not_o unworthy_a our_o observation_n that_o infect_v which_o want_n lung_n be_v no_o less_o sensible_o affect_v upon_o the_o exsuction_n of_o air_n than_o some_o that_o have_v they_o which_o may_v be_v ground_n for_o a_o suspicion_n that_o the_o particle_n of_o the_o air_n enter_v in_o at_o their_o pore_n and_o that_o it_o keep_v they_o alive_a by_o a_o universal_a perspiration_n but_o to_o put_v a_o end_n to_o this_o digression_n though_o the_o forementioned_a experiment_n have_v give_v i_o cause_n to_o suspect_v that_o the_o depuration_n of_o the_o blood_n be_v the_o chief_a use_n of_o respiration_n yet_o since_o i_o believe_v it_o have_v some_o other_o use_v which_o be_v not_o yet_o explain_v i_o shall_v conclude_v with_o that_o say_v of_o st._n augustine_n mallem_fw-la quidem_fw-la eorum_fw-la quae_fw-la à _fw-la i_o quaesivisti_fw-la habere_fw-la scientiam_fw-la quam_fw-la ignorantiam_fw-la sed_fw-la quia_fw-la id_fw-la nondum_fw-la potui_fw-la magis_fw-la eligo_fw-la cautam_fw-la ignorantiam_fw-la confiteri_fw-la quam_fw-la falsam_fw-la scientiam_fw-la profiteri_fw-la experiemint_n xlii_o receiver_n the_o different_a operation_n of_o corrosive_n in_o and_o without_o our_o receiver_n have_v fill_v the_o three_o part_n of_o a_o long-neck_n viol._n with_o ten_o sprig_n of_o coral_n and_o as_o much_o spirit_n of_o vinegar_n as_o swim_v about_o a_o inch_n over_o they_o we_o place_v it_o in_o our_o receiver_n and_o though_o at_o the_o first_o there_o appear_v but_o very_o few_o bubble_n yet_o upon_o a_o few_o exsuction_n of_o the_o air_n they_o rise_v so_o plentiful_o as_o to_o make_v the_o menstruum_fw-la appear_v white_a the_o whole_a continue_v to_o boil_v and_o ferment_n as_o in_o a_o seething-pot_n as_o much_o froth_n stand_v upon_o the_o liquor_n as_o answer_v the_o depth_n of_o it_o in_o
perhaps_o partly_o proceed_v from_o a_o expansion_n of_o the_o humour_n within_o the_o substance_n of_o it_o the_o weight_n of_o the_o atmosphere_n be_v prevent_v from_o squeeze_v upon_o it_o by_o the_o equivalent_a weight_n of_o the_o mercury_n answer_v a_o three_o objection_n answer_v another_o objection_n be_v that_o if_o a_o tube_n twenty_o inch_n long_o be_v immerse_v in_o quicksilver_n and_o when_o it_o be_v full_a the_o upper_a orifice_n of_o it_o be_v stop_v with_o one_o finger_n as_o well_o as_o the_o low_a upon_o take_v away_o the_o low_a finger_n the_o pulp_n of_o the_o upper_a will_v be_v draw_v down_o though_o the_o weight_n of_o the_o atmosphere_n be_v say_v to_o be_v able_a to_o buoy_v up_o a_o cylinder_n much_o long_o so_o that_o this_o be_v a_o plain_a demonstration_n of_o the_o suspension_n of_o the_o mercury_n by_o a_o funiculus_fw-la and_o that_o it_o be_v not_o buoy_v up_o by_o the_o pressure_n of_o the_o atmosphere_n according_a to_o the_o elaterist_n but_o though_o this_o objection_n may_v seem_v to_o represent_v some_o difficulty_n yet_o it_o will_v easy_o be_v answer_v by_o thus_o explain_v the_o phaenomenon_n viz._n though_o when_o the_o tube_n be_v stop_v at_o both_o end_n the_o finger_n upon_o the_o top_n of_o the_o tube_n be_v equal_o pres'sd_v upon_o on_o both_o side_n yet_o upon_o a_o removal_n of_o the_o finger_n below_o though_o the_o pressure_n of_o the_o air_n upon_o the_o finger_n continue_v to_o be_v the_o same_o yet_o the_o pressure_n of_o the_o mercury_n be_v by_o two_o three_o less_o against_o the_o pulp_n of_o the_o finger_n its_o gravity_n press_v upon_o the_o subjacent_a air_n for_o notwithstanding_o the_o air_n be_v able_a to_o buoy_v up_o a_o great_a quantity_n yet_o that_o in_o part_n take_v off_o the_o full_a pressure_n of_o it_o so_o as_o to_o make_v the_o pressure_n upward_o disproportionable_a to_o that_o which_o tend_v downward_o and_o though_o the_o objector_n urge_v that_o the_o mercury_n be_v equal_o suspend_v upon_o a_o removal_n of_o the_o finger_n as_o before_o i_o answer_v that_o the_o finger_n press_v it_o up_o much_o more_o strong_o to_o prevent_v any_o of_o it_o get_v out_o whereas_o the_o pressure_n of_o the_o air_n only_o depend_v on_o the_o weight_n of_o it_o which_o can_v be_v intend_v or_o weaken_a as_o that_o of_o the_o finger_n may_v which_o be_v capable_a of_o raise_v a_o much_o great_a weight_n answer_v another_o objection_n answer_v another_o objection_n allege_v by_o the_o author_n be_v that_o be_v the_o mercury_n buoy_v up_o by_o the_o weight_n of_o the_o atmosphere_n it_o will_v be_v as_o easy_a to_o suck_v up_o mercury_n in_o a_o pipe_n as_o water_n nothing_o more_o be_v requisite_a but_o to_o draw_v away_o the_o air._n but_o this_o may_v easy_o be_v take_v off_o by_o consider_v that_o the_o dilatation_n of_o the_o lung_n depend_v upon_o a_o ingress_n of_o air_n upon_o the_o motion_n of_o the_o diaphragm_n and_o intercostal_n muscle_n and_o that_o air_n be_v press_v in_o by_o the_o gravity_n of_o the_o air_n and_o its_o spring_n it_o will_v follow_v that_o that_o gravity_n or_o spring_n be_v more_o powerful_o resist_v by_o the_o cylinder_n of_o mercury_n than_o water_n the_o lung_n can_v so_o powerful_o dilate_v nor_o can_v the_o mercury_n be_v raise_v with_o equal_a ease_n because_o that_o air_n in_o the_o lung_n together_o with_o the_o weight_n of_o the_o mercury_n bring_v the_o external_n force_v of_o the_o atmosphere_n near_o to_o a_o aequilibrium_fw-la beside_o the_o external_n air_n press_v upon_o the_o thorax_n and_o keep_v they_o from_o dilate_v themselves_o the_o air_n contain_v in_o they_o press_v against_o the_o superficies_n of_o the_o mercury_n in_o the_o tube_n be_v a_o further_a cause_n why_o it_o rise_v not_o so_o high_a which_o explanation_n be_v confirm_v by_o observe_v that_o as_o the_o lung_n be_v more_o violent_o dilate_v the_o mercury_n rise_v high_a in_o the_o tube_n and_o it_o will_v be_v further_a probable_a by_o consider_v how_o much_o great_a a_o pressure_n may_v be_v make_v upon_o so_o large_a a_o superficies_n as_o that_o of_o the_o thorax_n than_o can_v be_v resist_v by_o the_o rarify_v air_n in_o the_o lung_n and_o as_o for_o the_o funiculus_fw-la which_o our_o author_n suppose_v to_o raise_v the_o mercury_n by_o contract_v itself_o it_o will_v not_o be_v a_o little_a strange_a that_o it_o shall_v raise_v such_o a_o weight_n as_o a_o cylinder_n of_o mercury_n without_o tear_v off_o the_o thin_a membrane_n of_o the_o lung_n to_o which_o such_o a_o funiculus_fw-la must_v at_o one_o end_n be_v join_v to_o these_o objection_n the_o author_n add_v a_o inference_n that_o if_o the_o spring_n of_o the_o air_n be_v of_o no_o force_n in_o loco_fw-la aperto_fw-la no_o more_o can_v be_v effect_v by_o it_o in_o loco_fw-la clauso_fw-la but_o the_o place_n which_o the_o objector_n take_v to_o be_v in_o loco_fw-la clauso_fw-la appear_v to_o be_v only_o in_o a_o room_n it_o be_v answer_v that_o whereas_o the_o former_a objectoin_n appear_v to_o be_v invalid_a the_o inference_n must_v be_v so_o too_o because_o there_o be_v a_o communication_n betwixt_o the_o air_n in_o a_o room_n and_o the_o external_n by_o some_o holes_n or_o cranny_n or_o otherwise_o the_o include_v air_n will_v be_v able_a to_o do_v as_o much_o by_o its_o spring_n within_o as_o without_o chap._n xv._o the_o funicular_a hypothesis_n examine_v the_o hypothesis_n lay_v down_o by_o our_o adversary_n and_o which_o be_v now_o to_o be_v examine_v examine_v argument_n in_o favour_n of_o the_o funicular_a hypothesis_n examine_v be_v that_o what_o we_o ascribe_v to_o the_o spring_n and_o weight_n of_o the_o air_n be_v do_v by_o a_o sort_n of_o funiculus_fw-la consist_v of_o a_o thin_a substance_n powerful_o expanded_a which_o be_v betwixt_o two_o body_n endeavour_n to_o contract_n itself_o and_o to_o bring_v those_o body_n together_o ne_fw-la detur_fw-la vacuum_n the_o first_o argument_n allege_v be_v that_o the_o finger_n will_v not_o be_v so_o draw_v down_o by_o the_o descent_n of_o the_o mercury_n be_v there_o not_o a_o funiculus_fw-la and_o that_o be_v there_o not_o a_o thin_a substance_n there_o extend_v there_o will_v be_v a_o vacuum_n as_o to_o the_o first_o part_n of_o the_o argument_n it_o have_v already_o be_v answer_v in_o the_o forego_n chapter_n and_o though_o he_o allege_v the_o necessity_n of_o such_o a_o funiculus_fw-la from_o nature_n abhorrency_n of_o a_o vacuum_n the_o first_o argument_n he_o offer_v be_v deduce_v from_o the_o suction_n of_o the_o pulp_n of_o the_o finger_n upon_o the_o descent_n of_o the_o mercury_n it_o be_v likewise_o already_o answer_v by_o what_o have_v go_v before_o in_o explain_v that_o phaenomenon_n but_o another_o argument_n he_o allege_v against_o a_o vacuity_n be_v the_o diaphaneity_n of_o that_o part_n of_o the_o tube_n for_o be_v there_o a_o vacuum_n he_o say_v it_o will_v be_v like_o a_o black_a pillar_n neither_o capable_a of_o afford_v any_o thing_n visible_a nor_o of_o permit_v visible_a object_n to_o appear_v through_o it_o but_o the_o invalidity_n of_o this_o argument_n will_v appear_v from_o the_o doctrine_n of_o the_o epicurean_o and_o atomist_n who_o teach_v that_o light_n be_v make_v up_o of_o such_o subtle_a emanation_n as_o be_v capable_a of_o penetrate_a glass_n itself_o and_o though_o the_o cavity_n of_o the_o cylinder_n may_v seem_v full_a of_o light_n yet_o no_o doubt_n but_o be_v the_o part_n of_o luciferous_a matter_n condense_v into_o a_o lump_n they_o will_v not_o fill_v half_o the_o cavity_n since_o the_o smoke_n which_o fill_v up_o the_o cavity_n of_o our_o receiver_n so_o as_o to_o make_v it_o appear_v opacous_a be_v but_o capable_a of_o fill_v a_o small_a part_n of_o it_o when_o condense_v beside_o shall_v the_o torrecellian_a experiment_n be_v make_v in_o the_o dark_a a_o vacuist_n may_v argue_v that_o the_o matter_n which_o upon_o a_o access_n of_o light_n be_v visible_a be_v not_o in_o the_o receiver_n before_o but_o proceed_v only_o from_o the_o ray_n of_o light_n dart_v through_o the_o glass_n and_o though_o light_n shall_v not_o be_v cause_v by_o a_o trajection_n of_o such_o luciferous_a beam_n but_o from_o a_o impulse_n of_o luciferous_a body_n yet_o will_v it_o not_o thence_o follow_v that_o the_o tube_n be_v full_a since_o from_o our_o seventeen_o experiment_n it_o appear_v that_o when_o the_o receiver_n be_v in_o a_o great_a measure_n exhaust_v there_o remain_v a_o sufficient_a quantity_n of_o matter_n behind_o to_o communicate_v a_o tremulous_a motion_n to_o the_o external_n air_n and_o though_o it_o shall_v be_v allow_v that_o the_o cavity_n of_o the_o tube_n be_v fill_v with_o the_o cartesian_a materia_fw-la subtilis_fw-la yet_o since_o they_o allow_v that_o capable_a of_o pass_v in_o and_o out_o upon_o the_o access_n of_o a_o grosser_n body_n it_o will_v
before_o it_o will_v nevertheless_o rise_v when_o the_o superfluous_a weight_n be_v take_v away_o and_o as_o for_o a_o internal_a conatus_fw-la of_o the_o include_v air_n be_v such_o allow_v as_o mr._n hobbs_n contend_v for_o it_o will_v rather_o hinder_v than_o promote_v the_o rise_n of_o the_o sucker_n for_o be_v that_o include_v air_n force_v out_o so_o violent_o as_o he_o suppose_v and_o be_v it_o strong_a enough_o to_o cause_v a_o violent_a repercussion_n in_o the_o air_n the_o internal_a force_n counterpoize_v the_o external_n the_o rise_n of_o the_o sucker_n will_v not_o thereby_o in_o the_o least_o be_v promote_v but_o since_o from_o our_o experiment_n it_o appear_v that_o the_o receiver_n be_v for_o the_o great_a part_n void_a of_o air_n and_o that_o such_o a_o impetus_fw-la will_v be_v of_o no_o force_n in_o cause_v the_o phaenomenon_n he_o endeavour_v to_o explain_v by_o it_o it_o be_v more_o natural_a to_o belive_o that_o the_o external_n pressure_n of_o the_o atmosphere_n raise_v it_o chap._n xxvi_o several_a scatter_a explication_n and_o passage_n in_o his_o dialogue_n consider_v whereas_o we_o have_v in_o the_o xxxxvth_z experimenti_fw-la mention_v a_o experiment_n wherein_o the_o water_n rise_v up_o into_o a_o long_a slender_a tube_n which_o be_v place_v in_o a_o perpendicular_a line_n the_o water_n in_o the_o tube_n be_v above_o the_o surface_n of_o the_o water_n without_o the_o tube_n mr._n hobbs_n endeavour_v to_o explain_v this_o by_o the_o impulse_n of_o the_o particle_n of_o matter_n swift_o agitate_a in_o the_o air_n but_o since_o the_o same_o agitation_n of_o part_n within_o the_o tube_n may_v also_o depress_v that_o to_o a_o equal_a surface_n with_o the_o external_n the_o account_n he_o give_v of_o it_o be_v the_o less_o satisfactory_a the_o reason_n which_o he_o assign_v for_o the_o difficulty_n in_o draw_v up_o the_o stopple_n when_o the_o receiver_n be_v exhaust_v be_v a_o violent_a conatus_fw-la proceed_v from_o the_o motion_n of_o the_o particle_n within_o but_o be_v the_o impetus_fw-la so_o great_a as_o to_o cause_v so_o great_a a_o repercussion_n as_o mr._n hobbs_n before_o suppose_v able_a to_o repel_v the_o sucker_n it_o shall_v rather_o raise_v the_o stopple_n and_o if_o that_o motion_n contribute_v to_o the_o fasten_n of_o it_o it_o will_v continue_v upon_o a_o readmission_n of_o the_o air_n since_o the_o air_n in_o the_o cavity_n run_v about_o and_o be_v in_o motion_n for_o a_o good_a while_n nor_o can_v the_o plenitude_n he_o suppose_v cause_v the_o phaenomenon_n because_o he_o suppose_v the_o world_n to_o be_v equal_o and_o at_o all_o time_n full_a but_o that_o the_o close_a connexion_n of_o the_o stopple_n to_o the_o socket_n depend_v on_o the_o pressure_n of_o the_o external_n air_n appear_v by_o close_v the_o hole_n in_o the_o cover_n with_o cement_n instead_o of_o that_o stopple_n for_o when_o the_o air_n be_v draw_v out_o of_o the_o receiver_n the_o external_n air_n be_v draw_v out_o of_o the_o receiver_n the_o external_n air_n will_v press_v so_o violent_o upon_o it_o as_o to_o make_v the_o upper_a superficies_n concave_a and_o sometime_o to_o force_v it_o down_o into_o the_o receiver_n with_o a_o noise_n and_o great_a violence_n he_o further_o assign_v the_o boil_n of_o water_n in_o our_o receiver_n to_o the_o motion_n of_o the_o air_n include_v but_o since_o i_o have_v make_v it_o appear_v that_o there_o be_v no_o such_o motion_n our_o explanation_n be_v the_o more_o probable_a since_o the_o part_n of_o the_o liquor_n be_v agitate_a by_o heat_n will_v be_v apt_a to_o to_o expand_v more_o powerful_o upon_o a_o removal_n of_o that_o pressure_n and_o though_o he_o say_v the_o part_n of_o the_o water_n can_v not_o be_v move_v except_o à _fw-la movente_fw-la contiguo_fw-la a_o contiguous_a body_n in_o motion_n yet_o since_o he_o allow_v that_o the_o motion_n of_o his_o earthy_a part_n which_o swim_v in_o the_o air_n be_v innate_a and_o consequent_o depend_v not_o on_o any_o contiguous_a body_n i_o shall_v leave_v that_o to_o answer_v what_o he_o here_o deliver_v and_o shall_v only_o intimate_v that_o the_o part_n of_o the_o water_n be_v agitate_a when_o put_v into_o the_o receiver_n be_v enough_o to_o account_v for_o the_o phaenomenon_n when_o the_o pressure_n of_o the_o air_n be_v take_v off_o receiver_n why_o animal_n die_v in_o the_o exhaust_v receiver_n the_o sudden_a death_n of_o animal_n which_o i_o ascribe_v doubt_o though_o not_o without_o probability_n to_o the_o exsuction_n of_o the_o air_n in_o the_o receiver_n he_o attribute_n to_o the_o circular_a motion_n of_o the_o include_v air_n and_o its_o tenacity_n but_o since_o i_o have_v already_o make_v it_o appear_v that_o there_o be_v no_o such_o motion_n that_o be_v a_o sufficient_a answer_n and_o as_o for_o the_o air_n be_v thick_a in_o the_o exhaust_v receiver_n than_o before_o the_o contrary_a appear_v in_o the_o magdeburg_n experiment_n where_o the_o exhaust_v receiver_n weigh_v much_o less_o than_o before_o but_o from_o the_o break_v of_o bubble_n outward_o it_o further_o appear_v that_o it_o be_v not_o a_o thick_a but_o a_o light_a and_o more_o yield_a body_n and_o though_o mr._n hobbs_n from_o his_o supposition_n of_o the_o air_n be_v thickness_n endeavour_n to_o account_n for_o the_o sudden_a extinction_n of_o flame_n in_o our_o receiver_n yet_o think_v it_o a_o matter_n of_o difficulty_n to_o explain_v the_o true_a cause_n of_o the_o extinction_n of_o flame_n it_o may_v suffice_v that_o i_o have_v make_v it_o appear_v that_o the_o air_n be_v not_o thick_a as_o he_o suppose_v chap._n xxvii_o several_n other_o passage_n in_o mr._n hobbs_n dialogue_n examine_v in_o this_o chapter_n mr._n hobbs_n object_n against_o what_o our_o author_n deliver_v concern_v the_o cause_n of_o the_o coliesion_n of_o two_o marble_n but_o all_o that_o be_v contain_v in_o what_o he_o here_o offer_v be_v obviate_v by_o what_o have_v be_v deliver_v under_o the_o title_n of_o fluidity_n and_o firmness_n for_o a_o further_a confirmation_n of_o the_o doctrine_n there_o deliver_v i_o shall_v add_v the_o follow_a experiment_n and_o prove_v the_o pressure_n of_o the_o air_n upon_o body_n contain_v in_o it_o prove_v first_o if_o a_o aeolipile_v free_v from_o air_n be_v whilst_o hot_a stop_v with_o wax_n upon_o a_o perforation_n of_o that_o wax_n the_o air_n will_v be_v press_v in_o to_o the_o cool_a aeolipile_n whether_o the_o orifice_n be_v hold_v down_o or_o horizontal_o which_o show_v that_o the_o air_n on_o each_o side_n may_v press_v upon_o the_o low_a superficies_n of_o the_o marble_n as_o well_o as_o the_o subjacent_a pillar_n of_o air_n and_o that_o the_o air_n be_v not_o impel_v against_o it_o only_o in_o a_o pyramidal_a figure_n as_o he_o will_v urge_v viz._n because_o line_n draw_v from_o the_o circumference_n and_o border_n of_o the_o stone_n to_o the_o centre_n of_o the_o earth_n must_v form_v pyramid_n to_o which_o it_o may_v be_v add_v that_o part_n of_o the_o air_n be_v draw_v out_o of_o a_o large_a glass_n and_o a_o book_n clap_v upon_o the_o orifice_n the_o pressure_n of_o the_o subjacent_a atmosphere_n keep_v it_o suspend_v there_o and_o the_o author_n of_o the_o magdeburg_n experiment_n say_v that_o two_o plate_n of_o copper_n who_o diameter_n be_v about_o half_a a_o ell_n stick_v so_o close_o to_o each_o other_o that_o six_o man_n can_v not_o pull_v they_o asund_o second_o asund_o see_v fig._n 6._o plate_n second_o and_o it_o appear_v from_o a_o experiment_n make_v in_o a_o glass_n viol._n anon_o to_o be_v describe_v that_o if_o the_o tube_n be_v so_o immerse_v that_o it_o be_v low_a orifice_n just_o touch_v the_o water_n the_o oblique_a pressure_n of_o the_o atmosphere_n will_v raise_v the_o water_n in_o the_o tube_n a_o considerable_a height_n as_o the_o air_n be_v suck_v out_o of_o the_o tube_n mr._n hobbs_n object_n against_o the_o author_n explication_n of_o the_o rise_n of_o water_n in_o glass_n fountain_n and_o say_v that_o it_o can_v be_v account_v for_o by_o the_o expansion_n of_o the_o air_n since_o the_o part_n of_o the_o air_n expanded_a take_v up_o no_o more_o room_n after_o they_o be_v expanded_a than_o before_o but_o since_o he_o mean_v so_o as_o adequate_o to_o fill_v more_o space_n and_o we_o only_o mean_v such_o a_o expansion_n as_o be_v before_o explain_v by_o instance_v compress_v wool_n it_o appear_v that_o in_o our_o sense_n it_o will_v take_v up_o more_o space_n so_o as_o to_o keep_v the_o gross_a part_n of_o water_n from_o get_v betwixt_o they_o there_o be_v other_o objection_n mention_v in_o this_o chapter_n as_o well_o as_o some_o other_o particular_n relate_v to_o the_o royal_a society_n but_o since_o the_o author_n find_v no_o weight_n in_o they_o against_o any_o thing_n he_o have_v teach_v i_o shall_v only_o further_o take_v notice_n of_o what_o mr._n hobbs_n
cavity_n of_o the_o cylinder_n seem_v to_o be_v fill_v with_o fume_n so_o that_o the_o candle_n who_o flame_n be_v visible_a though_o it_o appear_v to_o be_v encompass_v with_o a_o kind_n of_o halo_n who_o colour_n be_v between_o blue_n and_o green_a and_o after_o a_o few_o exsuction_n will_v be_v of_o a_o reddish_n or_o orange_n colour_n very_o vivid_v which_o meteor_n i_o suppose_v to_o arise_v from_o some_o particle_n of_o the_o turpentine_n which_o extricate_a themselves_o upon_o the_o application_n of_o a_o hot_a iron_n to_o the_o cement_n cause_v a_o explosion_n in_o the_o receiver_n when_o the_o part_n of_o the_o air_n be_v put_v in_o motion_n and_o dispose_v to_o expansion_n and_o the_o variety_n of_o colour_n i_o conceive_v to_o proceed_v from_o the_o various_a position_n of_o those_o particle_n of_o matter_n which_o fill_v up_o the_o receiver_n and_o various_o reflect_v the_o ray_n of_o light_n to_o confirm_v which_o opinion_n i_o observe_v several_a steam_n to_o rise_v up_o from_o the_o cement_n upon_o turn_v of_o the_o stop-cock_n and_o if_o we_o continue_v to_o exhaust_v the_o receiver_n it_o will_v become_v clear_a and_o clear_a and_o the_o colour_n more_o dilute_a till_o the_o cement_n be_v enable_v to_o emit_v more_o steam_n by_o re-applying_a a_o hot_a iron_n to_o it_o and_o as_o for_o the_o reason_n why_o these_o steam_n do_v not_o so_o plentiful_o rise_v when_o the_o receiver_n be_v evacuate_v it_o appear_v to_o be_v because_o the_o particle_n of_o the_o turpentine_n be_v less_o agitate_a as_o the_o heat_n decline_v and_o further_o because_o they_o want_v air_n to_o support_v they_o to_o confirm_v what_o i_o have_v intimate_v as_o the_o cause_n of_o the_o aforementioned_a phaenomena_n i_o convey_v some_o of_o the_o cement_n melt_v in_o a_o crucible_n into_o a_o receiver_n and_o observe_v that_o upon_o open_v of_o the_o stop-cock_n to_o let_v out_o the_o air_n the_o steam_n will_v for_o some_o time_n plentiful_o fly_v about_o but_o after_o a_o little_a time_n will_v subside_o again_o but_o in_o the_o aforementioned_a phaenomena_n the_o several_a colour_n seem_v to_o depend_v on_o the_o different_a degree_n of_o heat_n which_o the_o cement_n acquire_v as_o also_o on_o the_o different_a size_n and_o figure_n of_o the_o receiver_n as_o also_o on_o the_o nature_n of_o the_o cement_n and_o the_o quantity_n of_o air_n which_o be_v leave_v unpump_v out_o experiment_n viii_o about_o the_o slack_n of_o quicklime_n in_o the_o exhaust_v receiver_n have_v convey_v a_o evaporate_n glass_n with_o a_o sufficient_a quantity_n of_o water_n in_o it_o into_o the_o receiver_n when_o the_o air_n be_v draw_v out_o we_o let_v down_o a_o piece_n of_o unslacked_a lime_n into_o it_o by_o the_o assistance_n of_o the_o turning-key_n and_o observe_v that_o in_o about_o ¼_n part_n of_o a_o hour_n the_o lime_n begin_v to_o slack_v violent_o and_o at_o each_o exsuction_n afford_v very_o large_a bubble_n which_o continue_v as_o long_o as_o we_o ply_v the_o pump_n so_o that_o in_o a_o little_a time_n the_o whole_a inside_n of_o the_o receiver_n be_v cover_v over_o with_o lime_n water_n a_o great_a part_n of_o the_o mixture_n boil_v over_o into_o the_o capacity_n of_o the_o receiver_n in_o which_o experiment_n the_o outside_o of_o the_o vessel_n be_v considerable_o hot_a and_o the_o mixture_n continue_v its_o heat_n near_o ¼_n part_n of_o a_o hour_n after_o the_o receiver_n be_v remove_v the_o lime_n make_v use_v of_o in_o this_o experiment_n be_v very_o strong_a experiment_n ix_o a_o attempt_n to_o measure_v the_o force_n of_o the_o spring_n of_o include_v air_n and_o examine_v a_o conjecture_n about_o the_o difference_n of_o its_o strength_n in_o unequal_o broad-mouthed_a glass_n to_o measure_v the_o force_n of_o the_o air_n be_v expansion_n we_o fix_v a_o syringe_n in_o a_o frame_n that_o it_o may_v be_v keep_v firm_a and_o erect_v which_o be_v do_v we_o provide_v a_o leaden_a hoop_n which_o be_v suspend_v at_o the_o top_n of_o the_o sucker_n and_o hang_v so_o far_o below_o the_o bottom_n of_o the_o syringe_n that_o it_o may_v have_v space_n enough_o to_o rise_v in_o upon_o the_o expansion_n of_o the_o air_n in_o the_o cavity_n of_o the_o syringe_n when_o the_o receiver_n shall_v be_v exhaust_v the_o weight_n in_o the_o mean_a time_n be_v prevent_v from_o compress_v the_o air_n beyond_o its_o natural_a state_n by_o a_o string_n the_o one_o end_n of_o which_o be_v tie_v to_o the_o top_n of_o the_o sucker_n and_o the_o other_o to_o the_o turn_a key_n which_o be_v do_v and_o the_o pump_n set_v on_o work_n we_o find_v that_o the_o expand_a air_n be_v able_a to_o raise_v about_o 7_o or_o 8_o pound_n weight_n and_o have_v the_o rammer_n have_v a_o free_a passage_n it_o probable_o will_v have_v raise_v a_o much_o great_a weight_n but_o the_o experiment_n be_v less_o satisfactory_a in_o determine_v the_o force_n of_o the_o air_n be_v expansion_n in_o elevate_a a_o determinate_a weight_n because_o the_o air_n make_v its_o way_n too_o easy_o betwixt_o the_o convex_a superficies_n of_o the_o sucker_n and_o the_o concave_a surface_n of_o the_o cylinder_n therefore_o to_o be_v more_o exact_a i_o cause_v two_o cylinder_n to_o be_v make_v different_a both_o in_o length_n and_o breadth_n the_o diameter_n of_o the_o one_o be_v a_o inch_n and_o of_o the_o other_o two_o inch_n in_o the_o former_a i_o put_v a_o lamb_n bladder_n which_o contain_v a_o sufficient_a quantity_n of_o air_n and_o have_v order_v the_o receiver_n to_o be_v exhaust_v i_o find_v that_o a_o cylinder_n of_o air_n of_o a_o inch_n diameter_n be_v able_a to_o raise_v a_o weight_n of_o 10_o pound_v averdupoiz_n weight_n but_o though_o the_o bladder_n for_o a_o long_a time_n keep_v the_o air_n from_o fly_v away_o yet_o when_o it_o be_v load_v with_o the_o utmost_a weight_n it_o be_v able_a to_o bear_v some_o air_n get_v out_o of_o the_o bladder_n render_v our_o trial_n less_o satisfactory_a wherefore_o we_o make_v use_v of_o a_o cylinder_n 4_o inch_n deep_a and_o two_o in_o diameter_n which_o have_v a_o broad_a basis_n to_o stand_v upon_o we_o put_v a_o lamb_n bladder_n into_o it_o well_o blow_a and_o tie_v 4._o see_v plate_n 2._o fig._n the_o 2_o and_o 4._o and_o put_v a_o wooden_a plug_n upon_o that_o we_o load_v the_o plug_n with_o weight_n amount_v to_o 35_o pound_n the_o uppermost_a of_o which_o be_v fasten_v to_o the_o turning-key_n to_o prevent_v it_o from_o fall_v and_o then_o the_o plug_n be_v mark_v at_o the_o brim_n of_o the_o cylinder_n we_o set_v the_o pump_n on_o work_n and_o observe_v that_o the_o expansive_a force_n of_o the_o air_n in_o the_o bladder_n be_v so_o great_a that_o it_o lift_v up_o the_o plug_n considerable_o yet_o when_o the_o air_n be_v again_o let_v into_o the_o receiver_n the_o plug_n be_v so_o far_o depress_v that_o the_o mark_n be_v below_o the_o edge_n of_o the_o receiver_n yet_o the_o air_n be_v again_o a_o second_o time_n exhaust_v the_o bladder_n raise_v the_o plug_n so_o high_a that_o ⅜_n part_n of_o the_o whole_a plug_n be_v lift_v up_o above_o the_o edge_n of_o the_o cylinder_n and_o by_o repeat_v the_o trial_n we_o find_v that_o the_o air_n in_o the_o bladder_n when_o the_o receiver_n be_v exhaust_v be_v able_a to_o bear_v up_o 7_o pound_n weight_n more_o by_o which_o weight_n the_o mark_n upon_o the_o plug_n be_v not_o depress_v below_o the_o top_n of_o the_o cylinder_n but_o in_o try_v these_o experiment_n the_o follow_a particular_n be_v to_o be_v note_a 1._o that_o the_o plug_n must_v be_v so_o adapt_v to_o the_o cylinder_n as_o to_o move_v up_o and_o down_o easy_o also_o it_o must_v be_v of_o a_o convenient_a length_n not_o exceed_v a_o inch_n and_o a_o half_a and_o it_o will_v be_v likewise_o requisite_a that_o the_o plug_n shall_v have_v a_o strong_a ledge_n upon_o the_o upper_a part_n of_o the_o cylindrical_a surface_n that_o it_o may_v rest_v upon_o the_o edge_n of_o the_o cylinder_n and_o sustain_v the_o weight_n lay_v upon_o it_o more_o firm_o 2._o when_o the_o bladder_n be_v put_v into_o the_o hollow_a cylinder_n we_o take_v care_n to_o adapt_v it_o by_o easy_a and_o frequent_a compression_n to_o the_o cavity_n it_o be_v place_v in_o make_v a_o mark_n in_o the_o inside_n of_o the_o cylinder_n where_n the_o air_n in_o its_o natural_a state_n be_v compress_v to_o that_o we_o may_v learn_v what_o weight_n the_o expansion_n of_o the_o air_n be_v able_a to_o sustain_v above_o that_o mark_n for_o the_o air_n be_v preternatural_o compress_v upon_o the_o account_n of_o that_o accidental_a pressure_n may_v be_v able_a to_o raise_v a_o great_a weight_n than_o air_n uncompress_v so_o that_o the_o weight_n it_o raise_v above_o that_o mark_n be_v alone_o to_o be_v take_v for_o what_o air_n
to_o putrify_v be_v put_v into_o one_o receiver_n and_o a_o bruise_a one_o into_o another_o may_v 15._o the_o bruise_a apple_n appear_v whole_o rot_v and_o the_o receiver_n be_v force_v from_o its_o cover_n the_o other_o apple_n be_v unaltered_a aug._n 20._o that_o which_o before_o begin_v to_o putrify_v be_v yet_o unaltered_a it_o taste_v grateful_a but_o subacid_a the_o pulp_n be_v of_o a_o mealy_a consistence_n this_o confirm_v the_o inference_n from_o the_o 5_o exp._n of_o this_o article_n experiment_n vii_o may_v 17._o 76._o vacuo_fw-la milk_n in_o vacuo_fw-la a_o equal_a quantity_n of_o milk_n be_v shut_v up_o in_o common_a air_n and_o in_o vacuo_fw-la may_v 18._o that_o in_o the_o common_a air_n be_v cover_v with_o cream_n the_o other_o with_o bubble_n may_v 19_o the_o bubble_n swell_v more_o and_o more_o the_o mercury_n be_v raise_v a_o little_a may_v 20_o the_o bubble_n swell_v more_o and_o more_o and_o the_o milk_n seem_v curdle_v the_o mercury_n in_o the_o gage_n be_v raise_v to_o the_o top._n the_o milk_n in_o the_o free_a air_n be_v evident_o curdle_v may_v 22._o the_o milk_n in_o vacuo_fw-la be_v curdle_v yield_v more_o air_n yet_o almost_o all_o the_o bubble_n be_v break_v from_o this_o experiment_n it_o appear_v that_o milk_n be_v soon_o coagulate_v in_o open_a air_n than_o in_o vacuo_fw-la june_n 20._o the_o milk_n in_o the_o free_a air_n stink_v and_o be_v full_a of_o worm_n and_o emit_v several_a large_a bubble_n when_o the_o air_n be_v draw_v out_o the_o worm_n move_v vehement_o and_o all_o live_v four_o hour_n all_o the_o bubble_n on_o the_o milk_n in_o vacuo_fw-la be_v break_v and_o it_o continue_v coagulate_v may_v 19_o 77._o some_o whey_n in_o vacuo_fw-la be_v pour_v out_o of_o a_o vessel_n into_o a_o receiver_n about_o 4_o day_n ago_o it_o seem_v limpid_a like_o water_n the_o whey_n remain_v in_o the_o vessel_n be_v sufficient_a to_o separate_v the_o butyrous_a from_o the_o caseous_a part._n to_o day_n the_o milk_n stagnant_a in_o the_o receiver_n seem_v to_o be_v get_v out_o the_o cover_v be_v force_v from_o the_o receiver_n towards_o night_n the_o milk_n be_v take_v out_o of_o the_o receiver_n be_v find_v acid_a both_o in_o smell_n and_o taste_v after_o a_o little_a time_n the_o limpid_a whey_n disappear_v be_v mix_v with_o the_o caseous_a and_o butyrous_a part._n may_v 24._o the_o butyrous_a part_n vanish_v and_o the_o milk_n begin_v to_o smell_v amiss_o june_n 1._o the_o milk_n have_v not_o very_o bad_a smell_n nor_o have_v it_o produce_v worm_n but_o grow_v dry_a and_o then_o the_o mouse_n eat_v it_o up_o in_o this_o experiment_n the_o follow_a particular_n be_v remarkable_a first_o that_o the_o coagulation_n be_v slow_a when_o the_o air_n be_v draw_v out_o second_o the_o weight_n of_o butter_n whey_n or_o cheese_n be_v not_o the_o same_o in_o the_o air_n as_o in_o vacuo_fw-la because_o one_o swim_v on_o the_o top_n of_o the_o other_o three_o the_o putrefaction_n of_o milk_n be_v retard_v by_o draw_v out_o the_o air._n four_o milk_n by_o be_v keep_v in_o vacuo_fw-la be_v not_o unfit_a to_o generate_v worm_n when_o expose_v to_o common_a air._n experiment_n xi_o sept._n 5._o 77._o vacuo_fw-la urine_n in_o vacuo_fw-la have_v enclose_v 3_o ounce_n and_o 3_o drachm_n of_o urine_n in_o a_o receiver_n capable_a of_o hold_v 10_o ounce_n sept._n 7._o the_o mercury_n be_v raise_v 2_o digit_n sept_n 8._o it_o be_v somewhat_o high_a decemb._n 5._o the_o mercury_n ascend_v to_o the_o height_n of_o 3_o inch_n the_o urine_n be_v unaltered_a decemb._n 6._o urine_n be_v set_v under_o a_o receiver_n be_v leave_v open_a to_o the_o common_a air._n decemb._n 16._o the_o urine_n in_o vacuo_fw-la be_v not_o change_v the_o other_o in_o 10_o day_n time_n seem_v turbid_v and_o its_o superficies_n mouldy_a from_o this_o and_o the_o forego_n experiment_n we_o may_v infer_v that_o urine_n contain_v less_o air_n than_o milk_n beside_o the_o efficacy_n of_o air_n corrupt_v urine_n be_v worth_a notice_n experiment_n xii_o may._n 19_o paste_n diluted_a paste_n a_o vessel_n half_n full_a of_o diluted_a paste_n which_o be_v without_o leaven_n be_v convey_v into_o a_o receiver_n before_o the_o receiver_n be_v quite_o exhaust_v the_o paste_n be_v swell_v quite_o to_o the_o top_n of_o the_o vessel_n may_v 20._o it_o swell_v more_o several_a cavity_n be_v intersperse_v through_o it_o may_v 22._o it_o yield_v more_o air_n and_o be_v much_o more_o tumid_a may_v 23._o the_o receiver_n be_v separate_v from_o the_o cover_n by_o the_o air_n produce_v in_o the_o receiver_n the_o swell_a of_o the_o paste_n be_v something_o abate_v and_o it_o be_v much_o more_o so_o in_o the_o afternoon_n it_o do_v not_o taste_n acid._n experiment_n xiii_o july_n 20._o 76._o vacuo_fw-la beef_n in_o vacuo_fw-la a_o quantity_n of_o beef_n be_v put_v into_o one_o exhaust_v receiver_n and_o a_o like_a quantity_n into_o another_o which_o be_v in_o some_o measure_n expose_v to_o the_o air._n july_n 21._o the_o exhaust_a receiver_n be_v fill_v with_o air_n but_o suspect_v that_o some_o air_n have_v get_v in_o i_o shut_v the_o beef_n up_o in_o another_o receiver_n july_n 22._o the_o mercury_n in_o 14_o hour_n be_v raise_v 15_o inch_n july_n 25._o the_o receiver_n be_v not_o half_o full_a of_o air._n july_n 26._o the_o receiver_n be_v sever_v from_o its_o cover_n and_o the_o beef_n be_v again_o nclude_v in_o vacuo_fw-la sustain_v 10_o digit_n of_o mercury_n in_o a_o hour_n time_n july_n 28._o the_o receiver_n be_v full_a and_o when_o re-exhausted_n the_o beef_n yield_v a_o great_a deal_n of_o air_n again_o in_o a_o short_a time_n july_n 30._o the_o receiver_n be_v again_o fill_v and_o be_v exhau_v the_o beef_n yield_v so_o much_o air_n in_o a_o hour_n as_o be_v able_a to_o sustain_v 10_o digit_n of_o mercury_n august_n 1_o the_o receiver_n be_v again_o full_a and_o the_o beef_n stink_v we_o throw_v it_o away_o hence_o it_o appear_v that_o flesh_n yield_v more_o air_n whilst_o it_o putrify_v than_o before_o but_o it_o be_v otherwise_o with_o fruit_n see_v exp._n ix_o of_o this_o article_n experiment_n fourteen_o july_n 18._o 78._o vacuo_fw-la goosberry_n in_o vacuo_fw-la goosberry_n be_v shut_v up_o in_o vacuo_fw-la in_o half_a a_o hour_n the_o mercury_n be_v raise_v a_o digit_fw-la in_o a_o hour_n and_o half_o it_o be_v raise_v another_o july_n 19_o the_o receiver_n be_v almost_o fill_v july_n 20._o the_o receiver_n and_o its_o cover_n be_v part_v a_o good_a deal_n of_o juice_n run_v out_o july_n 29._o the_o goosberry_n be_v again_o include_v in_o vacuo_fw-la july_n 30._o in_o 16_o hour_n the_o mercury_n raise_v a_o inch_n and_o ½_n july_n 30._o 77._o they_o do_v not_o whole_o fill_v the_o receiver_n some_o time_n since_o they_o lose_v their_o red_a colour_n and_o incline_v to_o a_o white_a one_o it_o seem_v from_o hence_o to_o follow_v that_o since_o after_o they_o have_v yield_v all_o their_o air_n they_o undergo_v no_o change_n that_o air_n be_v the_o cause_n of_o corruption_n experiment_n xv._o aug._n 23._o vacuo_fw-la pear_n in_o vacuo_fw-la pear_n be_v include_v in_o a_o receiver_n with_o as_o much_o air_n as_o raise_v the_o mercury_n a_o inch_n and_o ½_n in_o two_o hour_n it_o be_v almost_o 6_o inch_n high_a aug._n 24_o it_o be_v 12_o aug._n 25_o it_o be_v 16_o aug._n 26_o it_o be_v 18_o aug._n 27_o it_o be_v 21_o aug._n 28_o it_o be_v 23_o aug._n 31_o it_o be_v 30_o sept._n 1_o it_o be_v 32_o inch_n high_a sept._n 2_o it_o be_v 35_o inch_n high_a sept._n 3_o it_o be_v 38_o ⅓_n inch_n high_a sept._n 4_o it_o be_v 44_o inch_n high_a sept._n 5_o it_o be_v 45_o inch_n high_a sept._n 6_o it_o be_v 50_o inch_n high_a sept._n 7_o the_o height_n be_v the_o same_o some_o air_n get_v out_o sept._n 9_o it_o be_v 53_o ½_n inch_n high_a sept._n 8_o it_o be_v 54_o ½_n inch_n high_a sept._n 10_o it_o be_v 58_o inch_n high_a sept._n 12._o yesterday_o there_o be_v no_o alteration_n to_o day_n as_o i_o suspect_v some_o air_n get_v out_o it_o be_v 53_o ½_n sept._n 13._o be_v transmit_v into_o another_o receiver_n it_o be_v 32_o ½_n sept._n 16._o the_o receiver_n be_v open_v the_o pear_n be_v rot_a experiment_n xvi_o from_o sept._n 17_o to_o 22._o vacuo_fw-la plum_n in_o vacuo_fw-la plum_n dry_v be_v enclose_v in_o a_o receiver_n yield_v very_o little_a air._n nou._n 8._o the_o receiver_n be_v open_v no_o more_o air_n be_v produce_v experiment_n xvii_o sept._n 28._o nut-kernel_n nut-kernel_n nut-kernel_n be_v enclose_v in_o a_o receiver_n sept._n 26_o it_o rise_v a_o little_a sept._n 30_o it_o rise_v 2_o inch_n oct._n 6_o it_o rise_v by_o degree_n to_o 6_o inch_n oct._n 15_o it_o be_v 10_o digit_n high_a oct._n 22_o it_o be_v 15_o digit_n
and_o seem_v again_o to_o recover_v some_o air_n get_v in_o though_o it_o be_v pump_v out_o again_o for_o the_o last_o eight_o minute_n she_o seem_v better_a than_o we_o expect_v at_o the_o end_n of_o a_o quarter_n of_o a_o hour_n the_o bird_n be_v not_o like_a to_o die_v we_o take_v she_o out_o experiment_n v._n a_o viper_n together_o with_o a_o gage_n be_v include_v in_o a_o receiver_n which_o hold_v 3_o 1_o â—_o pint_n of_o water_n for_o 36_o hour_n after_o it_o be_v exhaust_v move_v up_o and_o down_o nimble_o and_o put_v out_o her_o tongue_n often_o at_o the_o end_n of_o 60_o hour_n she_o seem_v almost_o dead_a and_o the_o next_o day_n at_o noon_n be_v quite_o dead_a the_o receiver_n take_v in_o as_o much_o water_n as_o the_o include_v air_n will_v admit_v by_o measure_v it_o we_o find_v that_o 5_o part_n of_o six_o of_o the_o air_n have_v be_v draw_v out_o a_o digressive_a experiment_n concern_v respiration_n on_o the_o top_n of_o high_a mountain_n mountain_n of_o respiration_n on_o the_o top_n of_o mountain_n upon_o enquiry_n i_o be_v tell_v that_o the_o mountain_n in_o armenia_n be_v so_o high_a that_o they_o can_v get_v to_o the_o top_n of_o they_o for_o snow_n and_o that_o those_o that_o go_v up_o high_a be_v trouble_v with_o a_o shortness_n of_o breath_n and_o the_o like_a difficulty_n of_o breathe_v have_v be_v observe_v on_o a_o mountain_n in_o the_o country_n of_o sevenes_n in_o or_o near_o the_o province_n of_o languedoc_n and_o one_o that_o have_v be_v on_o the_o top_n of_o picinino_n de_fw-fr midi_n one_o of_o the_o high_a pyrenean_n mountain_n observe_v the_o like_a shortness_n of_o breath_n and_o the_o air_n on_o the_o mount_n teneriff_n have_v so_o violent_o affect_v some_o that_o they_o be_v not_o able_a to_o climb_v to_o the_o top_n of_o it_o title_n xii_o of_o the_o observation_n produce_v in_o a_o animal_n in_o change_n as_o to_o rarity_n and_o density_n make_v in_o the_o same_o air._n to_o try_v whether_o a_o animal_n that_o be_v almost_o dead_a by_o be_v contain_v in_o rarify_v air_n will_v recover_v upon_o a_o condensation_n of_o that_o without_o admit_v any_o fresh_a air_n to_o come_v to_o it_o we_o take_v a_o lamb_n bladder_n who_o outside_n be_v oil_v to_o render_v it_o more_o transparent_a we_o cut_v so_o much_o of_o its_o neck_n off_o that_o way_n may_v be_v make_v for_o a_o mouse_n to_o be_v put_v in_o which_o be_v do_v that_o the_o neck_n of_o the_o bladder_n may_v be_v tie_v up_o so_o that_o no_o air_n can_v get_v in_o at_o the_o wrinkle_n we_o cover_v a_o wooden_a stopple_n with_o cement_n which_o squeeze_v into_o the_o cranny_n we_o can_v utter_o exclude_v the_o air._n a_o bladder_n thus_o prepare_v be_v convey_v with_o a_o mouse_n in_o it_o into_o a_o glass_n receiver_n we_o ply_v the_o pump_n till_o the_o glass_n vessel_n be_v so_o much_o exhaust_v and_o the_o air_n in_o the_o bladder_n so_o far_o expanded_a that_o the_o mouse_n be_v like_a to_o die_v upon_o which_o the_o rarify_v air_n in_o the_o bladder_n be_v again_o condense_v by_o admit_v external_n air_n into_o the_o receiver_n the_o mouse_n be_v revive_v the_o experiment_n be_v a_o second_o time_n try_v with_o the_o like_a success_n title_n xiii_o of_o a_o unsuccessful_a attempt_n to_o prevent_v the_o necessity_n of_o respiration_n by_o the_o production_n or_o growth_n of_o animal_n in_o our_o receiver_n experiment_n i._n life_n respiration_n necessary_a absolute_o continue_v life_n a_o good_a company_n of_o tadpole_n be_v shut_v up_o in_o a_o receiver_n upon_o the_o first_o exsuction_n they_o rise_v to_o the_o top_n of_o the_o water_n and_o though_o they_o subside_v again_o yet_o upon_o the_o second_o they_o rise_v again_o and_o seem_v to_o be_v discompose_v when_o the_o receiver_n be_v exhaust_v they_o swim_v upon_o the_o top_n be_v not_o able_a to_o dive_v down_o and_o in_o a_o hour_n time_n they_o become_v destitute_a of_o motion_n when_o the_o air_n be_v let_v in_o they_o sink_v to_o the_o bottom_n but_o recover_v not_o experiment_n ii_o the_o like_a experiment_n be_v try_v with_o a_o less_o number_n in_o a_o less_o receiver_n though_o they_o be_v supply_v with_o air_n soon_o than_o the_o other_o yet_o very_a few_o recovered_n experiment_n iii_o the_o same_o experiment_n with_o the_o first_o be_v try_v some_o year_n after_o in_o another_o receiver_n we_o have_v the_o same_o success_n experiment_n iu._n we_o include_v some_o of_o those_o infect_v in_o a_o receiver_n with_o water_n which_o first_o live_v in_o water_n and_o then_o turn_v wing_a infect_v which_o swim_v up_o and_o down_o a_o few_o day_n put_v off_o their_o exuviae_fw-la and_o be_v perfect_a gnat_n which_o stand_v upon_o the_o water_n and_o live_v a_o considerable_a time_n a_o digressive_a experiment_n concern_v the_o expansion_n of_o blood_n and_o other_o animal_n juice_n expanded_a the_o blood_n and_o other_o humour_n expanded_a lamb_n blood_n preserve_v from_o coagulation_n be_v convey_v into_o a_o receiver_n in_o a_o wide_a mouth_a glass_n when_o the_o receiver_n be_v pretty_a well_o exhaust_v the_o more_o spirituous_a part_n of_o the_o blood_n make_v their_o way_n out_o raise_v the_o more_o clammy_a part_n into_o large_a bubble_n and_o the_o expansion_n of_o the_o volatile_a part_n be_v so_o vehement_a that_o it_o boil_v over_o a_o glass_n of_o which_o it_o fill_v but_o ¼_n part_n have_v include_v warm_a milk_n in_o a_o cylinder_n 5_o inches_n high_a the_o quantity_n of_o it_o be_v only_o 3_o ounce_n it_o boil_a so_o impetuous_o when_o the_o air_n be_v total_o exhaust_v that_o several_a parcel_n of_o it_o fly_v out_o of_o the_o vessel_n gall_n discover_v a_o great_a degree_n of_o intumescence_n n._n the_o design_n of_o these_o experiment_n be_v to_o know_v whether_o when_o the_o air_n be_v draw_v out_o of_o a_o receiver_n animal_n may_v not_o be_v prejudice_v by_o a_o expansion_n of_o the_o humour_n in_o the_o capillary_a vessel_n as_o well_o as_o by_o a_o absense_n of_o air_n since_o the_o part_n of_o they_o distend_v the_o vessel_n may_v stop_v circulation_n and_o cause_n pain_n and_o convulsion_n i_o once_o observe_v a_o bubble_n to_o move_v to_o and_o fro_o in_o the_o humour_n of_o one_o of_o the_o eye_n of_o a_o viper_n in_o our_o exhaust_a receiver_n another_o digressive_a experiment_n the_o liver_n and_o heart_n of_o a_o eel_n together_o with_o the_o head_n and_o body_n of_o another_o be_v convey_v into_o a_o receiver_n when_o the_o air_n be_v exhaust_v the_o liver_n manifest_o swell_v and_o several_a bubble_n seem_v to_o arise_v from_o the_o medulla_n spinalis_fw-la or_o the_o part_n adjoin_v the_o air_n be_v let_v in_o the_o swell_a part_n subside_v and_o the_o skin_n seem_v more_o flaccid_a than_o before_o title_n fourteen_o of_o the_o power_n of_o custom_n to_o enable_v animal_n to_o hold_v out_o in_o air_n too_o much_o rarify_v for_o respiration_n experiment_n i._n vacuo_fw-la the_o prevalency_n of_o custom_n to_o enable_v animal_n to_o continue_v in_o vacuo_fw-la a_o small_a mouse_n be_v convey_v into_o a_o viol_n with_o a_o wide_a neck_n a_o bladder_n be_v tie_v upon_o it_o which_o have_v all_o the_o air_n express_v out_o of_o it_o this_o be_v convey_v into_o a_o receiver_n with_o a_o gage_n a_o four_o part_n of_o the_o air_n be_v only_o remain_v in_o it_o upon_o which_o the_o bladder_n be_v half_o distend_v with_o rarify_v air_n and_o the_o mouse_n be_v very_o uneasy_a and_o ill_a but_o that_o rarify_v air_n by_o a_o ingress_n of_o external_n air_n be_v condense_v it_o present_o recover_v experiment_n ii_o the_o experiment_n be_v repeat_v and_o the_o mouse_n keep_v in_o the_o rarify_v air_n four_o minute_n be_v very_o ill_a and_o with_o much_o difficulty_n recover_v in_o the_o outward_a air_n tremble_v for_o a_o long_a time_n experiment_n iii_o the_o same_o mouse_n be_v again_o shut_v up_o be_v a_o quarter_n of_o a_o hour_n in_o rarify_v air_n and_o when_o take_v out_o soon_o recover_v than_o before_o and_o with_o less_o tremble_a experiment_n iu._n the_o same_o mouse_n be_v again_o convey_v into_o a_o receiver_n after_o it_o have_v recover_v its_o strength_n the_o air_n be_v a_o little_a further_o rarify_v than_o before_o at_o the_o first_o the_o mouse_n seem_v discompose_v but_o after_o continue_v quiet_a a_o quarter_n of_o a_o hour_n the_o air_n be_v expanded_a by_o three_o exsuction_n more_o it_o seem_v ready_a to_o die_v but_o air_n be_v let_v in_o again_o it_o present_o recover_v title_n xv._o some_o experiment_n show_v that_o air_n become_v unfit_a for_o respiration_n may_v retain_v its_o wont_a pressure_n experiment_n i._n pressure_n air_n unfit_a for_o respiration_n retain_v its_o usual_a pressure_n a_o mouse_n be_v shut_v up_o in_o a_o oval_a glass_n hermetical_o seal_v and_o a_o gage_n
mercury_n so_o easy_o the_o rarefy_v air_n will_v rather_o penetrate_v than_o buoy_n it_o up_o suction_n the_o reason_n of_o suction_n to_o show_v in_o opposition_n to_o mr._n hobbs_n how_o much_o the_o atmospherical_a air_n be_v concern_v in_o suction_n we_o take_v a_o glass_n bubble_n who_o long_a stem_n be_v cylindrical_a and_o very_a slender_a and_o have_v by_o the_o help_n of_o heat_n expel_v a_o good_a quantity_n of_o the_o air_n contain_v in_o it_o when_o by_o immerge_v it_o in_o water_n that_o rarefy_v air_n which_o remain_v in_o it_o be_v condense_v the_o water_n be_v almost_o raise_v to_o the_o top_n of_o the_o pipe_n when_o this_o be_v do_v the_o air_n in_o the_o bubble_n be_v rarify_v it_o force_v out_o almost_o all_o the_o water_n in_o the_o stem_n only_o a_o few_o drop_n which_o satisfy_v we_o that_o none_o of_o the_o rarefy_v air_n have_v get_v out_o of_o the_o pipe_n as_o the_o depression_n of_o the_o water_n so_o low_o assure_v we_o on_o the_o other_o side_n that_o the_o include_v air_n be_v almost_o as_o much_o expand_v as_o when_o the_o water_n begin_v to_o ascend_v into_o the_o pipe_n when_o the_o air_n be_v thus_o rarify_v we_o present_o remove_v the_o pipe_n out_o of_o the_o water_n into_o the_o stagant_a mercury_n which_o ascend_v into_o it_o in_o a_o short_a time_n in_o which_o experiment_n do_v the_o mercury_n rise_v to_o prevent_v a_o vacuum_n or_o do_v its_o ascent_n depend_v on_o any_o internal_a principle_n of_o motion_n or_o on_o the_o compression_n and_o propagate_v pulsion_n of_o the_o air_n that_o be_v expel_v there_o will_v be_v no_o reason_n why_o the_o mercury_n shall_v not_o rise_v as_o high_a as_o the_o water_n but_o from_o our_o hypothesis_n the_o reason_n be_v plain_a for_o as_o soon_o as_o the_o cylinder_n of_o water_n or_o mercury_n together_o with_o the_o compress_v air_n be_v equiponderant_a with_o the_o atmosphere_n incumbent_a it_o rise_v no_o high_o so_o that_o though_o the_o air_n be_v less_o condense_v when_o the_o tube_n be_v immerse_v in_o mercury_n yet_o the_o great_a weight_n of_o mercury_n make_v a_o great_a resistance_n than_o water_n the_o external_a air_n be_v not_o able_a to_o buoy_v it_o up_o any_o high_a to_o compress_v the_o air_n enclose_v and_o this_o experiment_n be_v confirm_v by_o the_o follow_a for_o have_v expel_v a_o little_a air_n out_o of_o the_o bubble_n by_o heat_n so_o much_o quicksilver_n ascend_v into_o it_o as_o fill_v a_o four_o part_n of_o the_o pipe_n which_o be_v careful_o remove_v so_o that_o no_o mercury_n can_v run_v out_o we_o cause_v the_o air_n in_o the_o globous_a part_n to_o be_v rarify_v till_o almost_o all_o the_o mercury_n be_v expel_v the_o end_n of_o the_o pipe_n be_v all_o the_o while_n immerse_v in_o water_n as_o soon_o as_o the_o air_n include_v begin_v to_o cool_v the_o water_n rise_v up_o into_o the_o body_n of_o the_o ball_n buoy_v up_o the_o mercury_n before_o it_o whereit_n be_v observe_v that_o as_o the_o air_n be_v more_o or_o less_o rarify_v and_o the_o quicksilver_n exepl_v out_o of_o the_o stem_n the_o ascent_n of_o the_o water_n will_v proportionable_o vary_v so_o that_o as_o the_o body_n to_o be_v buoy_v up_o by_o the_o external_n air_n vary_v in_o weight_n so_o do_v the_o degree_n of_o its_o ascent_n another_o observation_n which_o show_v that_o there_o be_v no_o circulation_n of_o wind_n such_o as_o mr._n hobbs_n suppose_v to_o be_v the_o cause_n of_o suction_n be_v that_o smoak_n will_v ascend_v without_o be_v in_o the_o least_o blow_v about_o but_o since_o mr._n hobbs_n will_v not_o allow_v of_o a_o vacuum_n but_o assert_n that_o the_o air_n make_v its_o way_n through_o the_o close_a and_o solid_a body_n i_o shall_v add_v that_o have_v expel_v the_o air_n by_o rarefaction_n out_o of_o a_o very_a thin_a aeopile_n and_o stop_v the_o orifice_n up_o with_o wax_n the_o external_n air_n make_v such_o a_o violent_a pressure_n on_o it_o as_o to_o thrust_v the_o side_n of_o it_o considerable_o inward_o chap._n vii_o the_o cause_n of_o attraction_n by_o suction_n what_o attraction_n what_o suction_n be_v look_v upon_o to_o be_v a_o sort_n of_o attraction_n before_o i_o descend_v to_o a_o more_o particular_a consideration_n of_o the_o former_a i_o shall_v premise_v something_o of_o the_o latter_a and_o though_o attraction_n be_v general_o take_v to_o be_v a_o kind_n of_o pulsion_n yet_o both_o of_o they_o to_o i_o seem_v to_o be_v but_o extrinsical_a denomination_n of_o the_o same_o local_a motion_n in_o which_o if_o a_o body_n move_v precede_v the_o movent_fw-la or_o tend_v to_o acquire_v a_o great_a distance_n from_o it_o we_o call_v it_o pulsion_n and_o if_o upon_o the_o account_n of_o motion_n the_o same_o body_n either_o follow_v or_o tend_v towards_o the_o movent_fw-la it_o be_v term_v attraction_n so_o that_o the_o difference_n be_v no_o physical_a one_o but_o only_o accidental_a in_o respect_n of_o the_o line_n of_o motion_n to_o the_o movent_fw-la as_o when_o a_o man_n draw_v a_o chain_n after_o he_o though_o he_o go_v before_o it_o yet_o he_o have_v some_o part_n of_o his_o body_n behind_o one_o link_n which_o draw_v the_o rest_n after_o it_o and_o so_o if_o that_o chain_n draw_v any_o thing_n after_o it_o though_o the_o cause_n of_o the_o attraction_n go_v before_o yet_o there_o be_v a_o certain_a cohesion_n of_o part_n that_o enable_v it_o to_o drag_v that_o body_n after_o it_o so_o that_o attraction_n evident_o appear_v to_o be_v a_o species_n of_o pulsion_n and_o such_o a_o one_o as_o be_v usual_o term_a trusion_n as_o when_o a_o gardener_n drive_v his_o wheelbarrow_n before_o he_o without_o let_v go_v his_o hold._n but_o perhaps_o it_o may_v be_v say_v that_o there_o be_v attraction_n where_o it_o can_v be_v pretend_v that_o the_o attrahent_fw-la come_v behind_o any_o part_n of_o the_o body_n attract_v as_o in_o magnetical_a and_o electrical_a attraction_n or_o as_o when_o water_n rise_v by_o pump_v as_o for_o the_o two_o first_o instance_n shall_v we_o allow_v with_o modern_a philosopher_n of_o screw_v particle_n and_o other_o magnetical_a emission_n we_o may_v say_v that_o these_o come_n behind_o either_o the_o body_n attract_v or_o it_o be_v porous_a part_n on_o its_o superficies_n may_v cause_v such_o a_o effect_n or_o by_o procure_v some_o discussion_n of_o the_o air_n that_o may_v make_v it_o thrust_v the_o movable_a towards_o the_o attract_v body_n but_o be_v there_o none_o of_o these_o nor_o any_o other_o subtle_a agent_n that_o cause_n this_o motion_n by_o a_o real_a though_o unperceived_a pulsion_n i_o shall_v to_o distinguish_v these_o from_o other_o attraction_n term_v they_o attraction_n by_o invisibles_n but_o as_o for_o the_o last_o instance_n i_o suppose_v it_o will_v be_v easy_o grant_v that_o the_o ascend_a rammer_n only_o make_v way_n for_o the_o water_n to_o rise_v as_o it_o be_v buoy_v up_o by_o external_n air_n for_o from_o the_o torrecellian_a experiment_n it_o be_v evident_a that_o since_o the_o terraqueous_a globe_n be_v continual_o press_v upon_o by_o the_o atmosphere_n if_o in_o any_o part_n that_o pressure_n be_v take_v off_o the_o incumbent_n atmospherical_a pillar_n will_v buoy_v up_o as_o much_o of_o that_o liquor_n as_o a_o pillar_n of_o air_n of_o such_o a_o diameter_n be_v able_a to_o counterpoise_v the_o truth_n of_o which_o be_v further_o confirm_v by_o observe_v that_o if_o the_o air_n from_o about_o a_o syringe_n be_v exhaust_v the_o sucker_n may_v be_v pull_v up_o without_o elevate_a the_o water_n or_o draw_v it_o up_o after_o it_o and_o indeed_o suppose_v two_o man_n by_o thrust_v equal_o on_o each_o side_n a_o door_n to_o keep_v it_o shut_v one_o may_v as_o well_o say_v that_o he_o that_o leave_v off_o thrust_v on_o one_o side_n be_v the_o cause_n of_o the_o door_n open_v as_o that_o the_o water_n rise_v by_o the_o draw_v up_o the_o rammer_n which_o only_o give_v way_n to_o the_o water_n as_o buoy_v up_o by_o the_o external_n air._n thus_o much_o be_v say_v of_o attraction_n i_o shall_v proceed_v to_o consider_v exanune_v the_o cause_n of_o suction_n as_o lay_v down_o by_o other_o exanune_v that_o species_n of_o it_o call_v suction_n for_o which_o several_a philosopher_n have_v think_v on_o various_a cause_n as_o nature_n abhorrency_n of_o a_o vacuum_n which_o be_v it_o true_a water_n by_o suction_n may_v be_v raise_v to_o any_o height_n but_o we_o have_v find_v by_o experience_n that_o it_o will_v not_o be_v raise_v above_o 33_o ½_n foot_n which_o weight_n the_o atmosphere_n be_v able_a to_o buoy_v up_o as_o appear_v from_o the_o torrecellian_a experiment_n and_o further_o from_o a_o experiment_n elsewhere_o lay_v down_o where_o though_o water_n may_v present_o be_v suck_v up_o to_o the_o top_n of_o a_o pipe_n 3_o foot_n long_o yet_o
mercury_n be_v too_o heavy_a to_o be_v buoy_v up_o so_o high_a it_o will_v not_o be_v elevate_v high_a than_o a_o atmospherical_a cylinder_n be_v able_a to_o raise_v it_o but_o those_o modern_a philosopher_n who_o allow_v not_o a_o fuga_fw-la vacui_fw-la ascribe_v the_o ascent_n of_o such_o liquor_n to_o a_o impulse_n or_o propagation_n of_o motion_n by_o the_o dilation_n of_o the_o thorax_n for_o they_o think_v that_o the_o lung_n draw_v in_o the_o air_n the_o dilate_a thorax_n propagate_v the_o impulse_n till_o it_o reach_v successive_o the_o body_n suck_v for_o such_o think_v the_o universe_n total_o a_o plenum_fw-la think_v that_o such_o matter_n not_o find_v any_o other_o place_n to_o move_v into_o do_v upon_o that_o score_n buoy_v up_o the_o water_n or_o mercury_n in_o the_o pipe_n but_o if_o we_o consider_v how_o vast_a the_o dimension_n of_o the_o air_n be_v and_o comparative_o how_o inconsiderable_a a_o impulse_n the_o thorax_n by_o dilate_v can_v make_v it_o will_v scarce_o be_v think_v that_o so_o slight_a a_o one_o will_v compress_v the_o whole_a air_n so_o much_o as_o to_o make_v it_o impel_v the_o body_n suck_v vigorous_o enough_o to_o rise_v to_o that_o height_n which_o liquor_n may_v be_v raise_v to_o by_o suction_n but_o the_o ascent_n of_o such_o liquor_n evident_o depend_v on_o this_o that_o by_o suction_n the_o pressure_n be_v take_v off_o the_o surface_n of_o the_o water_n within_o the_o pipe_n and_o consequent_o it_o must_v rise_v and_o be_v buoy_v up_o by_o the_o pressure_n of_o the_o atmosphere_n on_o the_o stagnant_a water_n to_o countenance_v my_o opinion_n and_o to_o refute_v the_o other_o i_o have_v mention_v i_o shall_v offer_v the_o follow_a experiment_n viz._n a_o small_a bubble_n with_o a_o stem_n be_v seal_v up_o when_o the_o air_n be_v force_v out_o by_o rarefaction_n the_o stem_n be_v break_v under_o water_n upon_o which_o the_o water_n rush_v into_o the_o cavity_n of_o the_o bubble_n where_o if_o it_o be_v say_v to_o go_v into_o the_o bubble_n to_o prevent_v a_o vacuum_n those_o that_o say_v so_o allow_v dari_fw-la vacuum_n and_o subvert_v their_o own_o principle_n and_o as_o for_o the_o plenist_n upon_o the_o same_o account_n we_o may_v ask_v they_o what_o become_v of_o that_o air_n which_o be_v expel_v out_o of_o the_o bubble_n and_o remain_v so_o till_o the_o stem_n be_v break_v since_o be_v the_o world_n a_o absolute_a plenum_fw-la before_o there_o can_v be_v no_o room_n for_o it_o without_o nor_o can_v there_o be_v such_o a_o empty_a space_n within_o to_o receive_v the_o water_n beside_o if_o they_o say_v the_o external_a air_n be_v condense_v and_o compress_v by_o that_o which_o be_v force_v out_o of_o the_o bubble_n occasion_n the_o re-ingress_n of_o water_n when_o the_o stem_n be_v break_v off_o it_o may_v just_o be_v wonder_v that_o a_o cubic_n inch_n of_o air_n shall_v be_v able_a to_o condense_a the_o air_n so_o much_o that_o a_o mile_n distance_n from_o the_o place_n the_o bubble_n be_v evacuate_v in_o it_o shall_v be_v able_a to_o press_v the_o water_n thus_o in_o again_o but_o by_o our_o hypothesis_n it_o be_v account_v for_o without_o these_o difficulty_n since_o the_o resistance_n of_o the_o rarify_v air_n within_o the_o bubble_n be_v disproportionable_a to_o the_o pressure_n of_o the_o less_o rarify_v ambient_fw-la air_n it_o must_v consequent_o yield_v to_o it_o and_o give_v way_n to_o the_o ingress_n of_o water_n prove_v our_o own_o opinion_n propose_v and_o prove_v from_o what_o have_v be_v say_v it_o plain_o appear_v what_o our_o hypothesis_n be_v which_o that_o i_o may_v confirm_v by_o the_o follow_a experiment_n i_o shall_v brief_o intimate_v that_o the_o ascent_n of_o liquor_n by_o suction_n in_o a_o word_n depend_v on_o the_o external_n pressure_n of_o the_o air_n when_o it_o be_v take_v off_o the_o internal_a superficies_n of_o the_o liquor_n in_o that_o tube_n what_o that_o pressure_n depend_v on_o we_o have_v elsewhere_o prove_v in_o our_o physicomechanical_a experiment_n of_o the_o air_n be_v spring_n and_o weight_n and_o therefore_o shall_v proceed_v to_o experiment_n to_o confirm_v what_o we_o teach_v of_o suction_n we_o take_v then_o a_o crooked_a syphon_n who_o short_a leg_n be_v parallel_v to_o the_o long_o which_o be_v hermetical_o seal_v and_o so_o much_o water_n convey_v into_o the_o crooked_a end_n that_o it_o be_v of_o a_o equal_a height_n in_o both_o leg_n so_o much_o air_n be_v contain_v in_o the_o cavity_n of_o the_o short_a leg_n as_o possess_v a_o inch_n and_o ½_n the_o instrument_n be_v thus_o prepare_v one_o be_v order_v to_o suck_v at_o the_o top_n of_o the_o long_a leg_n and_o by_o all_o the_o force_n and_o reiterated_a suction_n he_o be_v not_o able_a to_o raise_v the_o water_n high_o than_o the_o air_n in_o the_o short_a leg_n depress_v the_o surface_n of_o that_o for_o when_o the_o spring_n of_o that_o air_n be_v so_o far_o weaken_a that_o it_o can_v not_o depress_v the_o water_n subjacent_a the_o water_n keep_v at_o the_o same_o station_n be_v not_o above_o four_o inch_n high_a which_o be_v not_o two_o inch_n and_o a_o half_o high_a than_o at_o first_o but_o as_o soon_o as_o the_o external_n pressure_n of_o the_o atmosphere_n be_v again_o admit_v to_o the_o surface_n of_o the_o water_n in_o the_o long_a tube_n it_o be_v present_o depress_v and_o the_o air_n in_o the_o short_a leg_n condense_v till_o the_o water_n likewise_o rise_v in_o that_o to_o its_o first_o station_n for_o a_o further_a confirmation_n of_o our_o hypothesis_n about_o suction_n i_o shall_v subjoin_v experiment_n to_o prove_v the_o follow_a proposition_n proposition_n our_o hypothesis_n reduce_v to_o proposition_n i._o that_o a_o liquor_n may_v be_v raise_v by_o suction_n when_o the_o pressure_n of_o the_o air_n neither_o as_o it_o have_v weight_n nor_o elastacity_n be_v the_o cause_n of_o the_o elevation_n ii_o that_o the_o weight_n of_o the_o atmospherical_a air_n be_v sufficient_a to_o raise_v up_o liquor_n by_o suction_n iii_o that_o in_o some_o case_n suction_n will_v not_o be_v make_v as_o according_a to_o the_o hypothesis_n i_o dissent_v from_o it_o shall_v although_o there_o be_v a_o dilatation_n of_o the_o sucker_n thorax_n and_o no_o danger_n of_o a_o vacuum_n though_o the_o liquor_n shall_v ascend_v prove_v the_o first_o proposition_n prove_v to_o make_v out_o the_o first_o proposition_n i_o make_v the_o follow_a experiment_n viz._n i_o take_v a_o invert_v tube_n such_o as_o be_v former_o make_v use_n of_o for_o a_o travel_a baroscope_n but_o something_o long_o which_o be_v fill_v with_o mercury_n it_o be_v invert_v and_o the_o mercury_n in_o the_o long_a leg_n stand_v above_o the_o mercury_n in_o the_o short_a leg_n as_o high_a as_o it_o usual_o do_v in_o a_o ordinary_a barometer_n and_o then_o one_o be_v order_v to_o suck_v at_o the_o short_a leg_n upon_o which_o the_o mercury_n subside_v in_o the_o long_o and_z rise_v in_o the_o short_a the_o mercury_n in_o the_o long_o by_o its_o own_o weight_n depress_v the_o subjacent_a and_o raise_v that_o when_o the_o equivalent_a weight_n of_o the_o atmosphere_n be_v take_v off_o prove_v the_o second_o proposition_n prove_v as_o for_o the_o second_o proposition_n lay_v down_o viz._n that_o the_o weight_n of_o the_o air_n be_v sufficient_a to_o raise_v liquor_n in_o suction_n it_o may_v easy_o be_v prove_v by_o argument_n draw_v from_o our_o physicomechanical_a experiment_n and_o therefore_o here_o i_o shall_v only_o take_v notice_n of_o phaenomena_n exhibit_v by_o our_o travel_a baroscope_n for_o have_v get_v a_o baroscope_n who_o short_a leg_n be_v something_o long_a than_o ordinary_a we_o cause_v one_o by_o suction_n to_o raise_v the_o mercury_n up_o to_o the_o top_n of_o it_o and_o then_o hermetical_o seal_v it_o up_o we_o mark_v the_o place_n to_o which_o the_o mercury_n have_v subside_v in_o the_o long_o which_o be_v do_v we_o unseal_v the_o short_a leg_n and_o observe_v that_o the_o pressure_n of_o the_o atmosphere_n elevate_v the_o mercury_n in_o the_o long_a leg_n 5_o inch_n confirm_v the_o three_o confirm_v for_o a_o further_a confirmation_n of_o the_o doctrine_n lay_v down_o in_o this_o proposition_n i_o shall_v subjoun_v the_o follow_a experiment_n we_o make_v use_v of_o a_o travel_a baroscope_n who_o short_a leg_n be_v 2_o inch_n above_o the_o surface_n of_o the_o stagnant_a mercury_n and_o have_v seal_v up_o the_o end_n of_o the_o short_a leg_n we_o open_v the_o end_n of_o the_o long_o upon_o which_o the_o weight_n of_o the_o atmosphere_n be_v add_v to_o the_o pressure_n make_v by_o the_o cylinder_n of_o mercury_n the_o air_n contain_v in_o the_o short_a leg_n be_v compress_v into_o half_a the_o space_n it_o possess_v before_o this_o experiment_n be_v try_v a_o second_o time_n have_v the_o like_a success_n to_o
to_o be_v slight_v or_o sudden_o lay_v aside_o since_o several_a accident_n may_v intervene_v in_o the_o air_n on_o which_o those_o may_v depend_v as_o we_o know_v though_o tide_n general_o ebb_v and_o flow_v so_o as_o to_o answer_v the_o theory_n give_v of_o they_o yet_o by_o fierce_a wind_n and_o great_a land-flood_n the_o regular_a course_n of_o they_o have_v often_o be_v alter_v chap._n xviii_o a_o new_a experiment_n and_o other_o instance_n of_o the_o efficacy_n of_o the_o air_n be_v moisture_n moisture_n the_o efficacy_n of_o the_o air_n be_v moisture_n that_o the_o moisture_n of_o the_o air_n have_v have_v considerable_a effect_n on_o subject_n far_o less_o tender_a and_o curious_o contrive_v than_o man_n body_n will_v appear_v from_o what_o follow_v and_o that_o the_o moisture_n of_o the_o air_n have_v a_o considerable_a influence_n and_o usual_o a_o bad_a one_o may_v well_o be_v argue_v from_o the_o effect_n we_o have_v take_v notice_n of_o on_o several_a part_n of_o animal_n and_o that_o the_o skin_n of_o animal_n be_v sufficient_o prepare_v to_o receive_v such_o effluvium_n appear_v from_o what_o i_o have_v before_o observe_v viz._n that_o sheep_n leather_n be_v make_v use_n of_o for_o a_o hygroscope_n plentiful_o imbibe_v the_o moisture_n of_o the_o air_n and_o even_o bladder_n which_o by_o nature_n be_v make_v impervious_a to_o urine_n be_v so_o dispose_v to_o imbibe_n the_o moisture_n of_o the_o air_n that_o the_o membranous_a part_n put_v into_o a_o pair_n of_o scale_n and_o counterpoise_v make_v a_o good_a hygroscope_n and_o not_o only_o these_o but_o lute-string_n which_o be_v make_v of_o the_o twist_a gut_n of_o animal_n and_o even_o bones_o the_o most_o solid_a part_n of_o human_a body_n will_v so_o far_o imbibe_n the_o moisture_n of_o the_o air_n as_o to_o swell_v considerable_o nor_o be_v animal_n body_n alone_o capable_a of_o have_v their_o pore_n penetrate_v by_o the_o moisture_n of_o the_o air_n but_o it_o insinuate_v itself_o into_o inanimate_a body_n and_o swell_v the_o solid_a part_n of_o wood_n and_o even_o polish_v marble_n be_v observe_v to_o be_v so_o plentiful_o stock_v with_o moist_a vapour_n as_o evident_o to_o sweat_v nay_o even_o the_o air_n itself_o be_v not_o without_o vapour_n and_o moist_a part_n disperse_v through_o it_o in_o the_o heat_n of_o summer_n which_o will_v appear_v from_o the_o follow_a experiment_n have_v fill_v a_o bottle_n with_o water_n and_o four_o ounce_n of_o sal_fw-la armon_n we_o counterpoise_v it_o in_o a_o pair_n of_o scale_n and_o in_o a_o hour_n time_n so_o many_o moist_a particle_n in_o the_o air_n be_v condense_v by_o this_o frigorifick_a mixture_n that_o they_o first_o appear_v in_o the_o form_n of_o a_o dew_n on_o the_o outside_n of_o the_o glass_n and_o then_o run_v down_o the_o side_n of_o the_o vessel_n till_o that_o scale_n preponderate_v and_o weigh_v a_o drachm_n more_o than_o the_o other_o but_o to_o proceed_v to_o instance_n which_o show_v the_o force_n and_o efficacy_n of_o moist_a vapour_n when_o they_o penetrate_v solid_a body_n it_o be_v no_o weak_a argument_n of_o their_o efficacy_n that_o we_o observe_v that_o by_o the_o powerful_a insinuation_n of_o moisture_n the_o string_n of_o musical_a instrument_n be_v swell_v and_o break_v nor_o be_v it_o in_o considerable_a that_o door_n and_o door-case_n be_v so_o swell_v in_o rainy_n wether_n as_o to_o open_v and_o shut_v with_o a_o great_a deal_n of_o uneasiness_n moisture_n marchasite_n burst_v by_o the_o air_n be_v moisture_n beside_o which_o instance_n i_o have_v observe_v a_o piece_n of_o wood_n to_o increase_v considerable_o in_o its_o weight_n in_o rainy_a wether_n and_o i_o be_o tell_v it_o be_v usual_a for_o musical_a instrument_n to_o grow_v out_o of_o tune_n not_o only_o the_o wooden_a but_o the_o metalline_a pipe_n of_o organ_n be_v apt_a to_o swell_v in_o wet_a wether_n and_o not_o only_o by_o the_o help_n of_o rain_n but_o the_o moisture_n of_o the_o air_n marchasite_n have_v be_v swell_v and_o burst_v asunder_o which_o i_o be_o apt_a to_o believe_v because_o i_o have_v observe_v vitriolate_a efflorescence_n upon_o the_o surface_v of_o shine_a marchasite_n cause_v by_o the_o action_n of_o external_a moisture_n on_o they_o and_o the_o moisture_n of_o the_o air_n have_v so_o powerful_o penetrate_v some_o marchasitical_a substance_n that_o they_o have_v burst_v asunder_o whereupon_o it_o appear_v that_o a_o great_a quantity_n of_o vitriol_n be_v generate_v within_o their_o substance_n than_o without_o to_o conclude_v what_o i_o have_v to_o say_v on_o this_o subject_a i_o shall_v add_v the_o follow_a experiment_n to_o assist_v a_o virtuoso_fw-la to_o make_v a_o estimate_n in_o know_a measure_n of_o the_o mechanical_a force_n of_o the_o aerial_a moisture_n i_o cause_v a_o rope_n about_o 22_o yard_n long_o to_o be_v fasten_v at_o a_o convenient_a height_n to_o a_o immovable_a body_n and_o then_o have_v fix_v a_o poultry_n to_o another_o stable_a body_n about_o 18_o yard_n distant_a from_o the_o former_a the_o rope_n lie_v upon_o the_o poultry_n be_v betwixt_o both_o almost_o in_o a_o horizontal_a posture_n but_o to_o that_o end_n of_o the_o rope_n which_o hang_v down_o from_o the_o poultry_n towards_o the_o ground_n be_v fix_v a_o weight_n of_o 50_o pound_n and_o to_o the_o upper_a part_n of_o that_o a_o index_n which_o be_v place_v horizontal_o point_v to_o a_o board_n which_o be_v divide_v into_o inch_n and_o part_n of_o inch_n that_o we_o may_v discover_v the_o better_a the_o ascent_n and_o descent_n of_o it_o upon_o change_n of_o wether_n when_o the_o weight_n have_v stretch_v the_o rope_n as_o much_o as_o it_o can_v i_o observe_v that_o in_o one_o rainy_a night_n the_o weight_n be_v raise_v five_o inch_n but_o the_o next_o day_n prove_v a_o dry_a day_n it_o be_v depress_v low_a than_o before_o but_o a_o heavy_a weight_n be_v make_v use_n of_o instead_o of_o the_o former_a june_n four_o in_o a_o hour_n and_o quarter_n the_o hundred_o weight_n be_v raise_v ¼_n of_o a_o inch._n the_o sky_n be_v cloudy_a but_o without_o rain_n june_n 6_o in_o the_o night_n which_o be_v cloudy_a it_o be_v raise_v about_o 3_o inch_n and_o a_o hour_n after_o that_o observation_n be_v make_v it_o rise_v half_a a_o inch_n more_o from_o whence_o it_o appear_v that_o the_o force_n of_o the_o air_n be_v moisture_n be_v considerable_a since_o the_o rope_n that_o by_o its_o assistance_n raise_v the_o weight_n be_v but_o about_o the_o three_o part_n of_o a_o inch_n diameter_n be_v 3_o 10_o and_o 4_o decimal_a part_n of_o 1_o 10._o chap_n xix_o of_o some_o unheeded_a cause_n of_o the_o insalubrity_n and_o salubrity_n of_o the_o air_n etc._n etc._n vapour_n the_o insalubrity_n and_o salubrity_n of_o the_o air_n depend_v on_o subterraneal_a vapour_n among_o the_o several_a cause_n on_o which_o the_o salubrity_n and_o insalubrity_n of_o the_o air_n depend_v subterraneal_a effluvia_fw-la be_v in_o effect_n most_o considerable_a which_o differ_v not_o only_o according_a to_o their_o respective_a nature_n but_o according_a to_o place_n and_o time_n according_a to_o place_n as_o they_o ascend_v from_o the_o superficial_a or_o deep_a part_n of_o the_o terraqueous_a globe_n according_a to_o time_n such_o as_o ascend_v daily_o and_o may_v be_v term_v ordinary_a emission_n or_o only_o at_o distant_a time_n the_o latter_a of_o which_o may_v be_v term_v periodical_a and_o sometime_o fortuitous_a or_o irregular_a but_o notwithstanding_o the_o vapour_n which_o rise_v from_o the_o earth_n may_v be_v distinguish_v by_o these_o distinction_n yet_o since_o nature_n offer_v her_o phaenomena_n not_o so_o distinct_a but_o confuse_o and_o together_o i_o shall_v sometime_o consider_v the_o terraqueous_a steam_n in_o the_o more_o general_a notion_n with_o reference_n to_o each_o of_o the_o member_n of_o this_o distinction_n but_o that_o i_o may_v deliver_v what_o i_o have_v to_o say_v more_o distinct_o i_o shall_v lay_v it_o down_o in_o the_o follow_a proposition_n proposition_n proceed_v under_o the_o follow_a proposition_n have_v first_o observe_v that_o the_o insalubrity_n of_o marish_a and_o the_o salubrity_n of_o sandy_a ground_n may_v depend_v on_o some_o effluvia_fw-la which_o act_n not_o mere_o or_o principal_o as_o they_o be_v moist_a or_o dry._n proposition_n i._n the_o first_o proposition_n be_v 1._o prop._n 1._o that_o it_o seem_v probable_a that_o in_o divers_a place_n the_o salubrity_n or_o insalubrity_n of_o the_o air_n consider_v in_o general_a may_v be_v in_o good_a part_n due_a to_o subterraneal_a expiration_n especial_o to_o those_o i_o call_v ordinary_a emission_n which_o may_v contribute_v to_o the_o preserve_n of_o health_n either_o by_o promote_a respiration_n or_o by_o correct_v noxious_a particle_n in_o the_o air_n and_o check_v morbific_a ferment_n and_o indeed_o if_o we_o consider_v what_o a_o great_a variety_n of_o body_n beside_o
mineral_n the_o earth_n be_v stock_v with_o though_o some_o may_v emit_v effluvia_fw-la noxious_a to_o man_n as_o well_o as_o plant_n yet_o in_o that_o variety_n there_o may_v not_o be_v a_o few_o who_o exhalation_n may_v be_v as_o friendly_a to_o he_o for_o tree_n and_o grass_n have_v not_o only_o be_v observe_v to_o flourish_v over_o tin_n mine_n in_o the_o west_n of_o england_n but_o over_o vein_n of_o another_o kind_n of_o mineral_n which_o be_v not_o far_o from_o the_o surface_n of_o the_o earth_n and_o it_o be_v observe_v that_o those_o that_o work_v in_o tin_n mine_n usual_o live_v very_o long_o and_o i_o have_v not_o only_o be_v tell_v that_o the_o fume_n that_o rise_v from_o such_o mine_n though_o often_o very_o bituminous_a and_o of_o a_o offensive_a smell_n yet_o some_o of_o they_o be_v well_o scent_v and_o a_o friend_n of_o i_o who_o cause_v himself_o to_o be_v let_v down_o in_o a_o subterraneal_a cavern_n which_o be_v break_v open_a by_o dig_v for_o a_o mine_n not_o only_o observe_v that_o the_o air_n be_v very_o pleasant_a to_o breath_n but_o likewise_o among_o several_a imperfect_o form_v mineral_n store_n of_o a_o mineral_n earth_n very_o fragrant_a and_o pleasant_a which_o smell_v it_o in_o some_o measure_n retain_v when_o it_o have_v be_v expose_v to_o the_o air_n for_o some_o time_n and_o i_o myself_o have_v observe_v in_o ireland_n a_o piece_n of_o ground_n to_o yield_v very_o good_a though_o short_a grass_n in_o a_o country_n just_o esteem_v healthful_a which_o i_o attribute_v to_o some_o sulphureous_a exhalations-from_a limestone_n which_o have_v have_v so_o considerable_a effect_n in_o other_o place_n that_o i_o be_o tell_v that_o a_o piece_n of_o ground_n in_o derbyshire_n which_o lie_v upon_o limestone_n be_v so_o warm_v by_o the_o vapour_n that_o rise_v from_o it_o that_o snow_n be_v much_o soon_o thaw_v upon_o it_o than_o that_o which_o lie_v near_o it_o on_o soil_n which_o cover_v freestone_n to_o which_o it_o may_v be_v add_v that_o a_o gentleman_n observe_v in_o hungary_n that_o walk_v over_o some_o ground_n which_o afford_v that_o noble_a oar_n call_v by_o the_o german_n rot-gulden_a ertz_n the_o air_n be_v very_o pleasant_a nor_o be_v the_o air_n much_o less_o pleasant_a on_o that_o ground_n which_o lie_v upon_o vein_n of_o cinnabar_fw-la yet_o over_o other_o sort_n of_o mine_n the_o air_n be_v very_o inoffensive_a nor_o be_v it_o improbable_a that_o subjacent_a fossiles_n shall_v influence_n the_o air_n since_o i_o have_v observe_v mineral_n earth_n twenty_n foot_n deep_a yield_v a_o volatile_a saline_a spirit_n like_o that_o of_o hartshorn_n and_o that_o several_a effluvia_fw-la may_n impregnate_n the_o air_n which_o be_v not_o to_o be_v discern_v by_o any_o of_o our_o sense_n appear_v from_o those_o magnetical_a effluvia_fw-la of_o the_o earth_n discover_v by_o the_o ingenious_a gilbert_n and_o other_o which_o do_v not_o only_a steam_n through_o the_o air_n but_o as_o i_o have_v observe_v act_n upon_o body_n in_o a_o instant_a which_o be_v contain_v in_o glass_n hermetical_o seal_v but_o though_o from_o hence_o it_o may_v appear_v that_o the_o salubrity_n of_o the_o air_n may_v be_v improve_v by_o the_o effluvia_fw-la of_o some_o mineral_n yet_o it_o be_v beyond_o doubt_n that_o in_o general_n they_o render_v the_o air_n insalubrious_a since_o there_o be_v a_o great_a many_o more_o that_o emit_v bad_a than_o good_a one_o for_o beside_o that_o the_o air_n have_v be_v observe_v in_o hungary_n to_o be_v very_o offensive_a and_o prejudicial_a to_o respiration_n that_o in_o the_o neopolitan_a grotta_n de_fw-fr cani_fw-la sudden_o deprive_v dog_n both_o of_o sense_n and_o motion_n to_o which_o may_v be_v add_v the_o averni_fw-la in_o hungary_n which_o sudden_o kill_v those_o that_o draw_v in_o the_o air_n infect_v with_o they_o beside_o which_o there_o be_v a_o great_a many_o noxious_a effluvia_fw-la which_o rise_v from_o marchasitical_a mineral_n which_o we_o take_v little_a notice_n of_o and_o in_o place_n which_o we_o little_o suspect_v they_o to_o be_v in_o nevertheless_o they_o infect_v the_o air_n and_o render_v it_o corrosive_n by_o emit_v that_o ill_a condition_a sulphur_n which_o they_o so_o much_o abound_v with_o that_o a_o pound_n distil_v in_o a_o earthen_a vessel_n with_o a_o good_a fire_n beside_o a_o inflammable_a sulphur_n which_o be_v condense_v into_o thin_a film_n on_o the_o side_n of_o the_o receiver_n yield_v a_o strong_a acid_n not_o much_o unlike_a gas_n sulphuris_fw-la which_o be_v corrosive_a enough_o to_o dissolve_v coral_n in_o the_o cold._n and_o that_o there_o be_v other_o marchasitical_a or_o vitriolate_a matter_n in_o england_n beside_o those_o stone_n from_o which_o the_o great_a part_n of_o vitriol_n be_v obtain_v i_o myself_o be_o a_o witness_n who_o have_v obtain_v a_o vitriol_n from_o a_o vein_n of_o metalline_a oar_n consist_v of_o a_o black_a heavy_a stuff_n without_o any_o troublesome_a or_o artificial_a preparation_n proposition_n ii_o it_o be_v probable_a 2._o prop._n 2._o that_o in_o divers_a place_n some_o endemical_a disease_n do_v chief_o or_o partly_o depend_v on_o subterraneal_a steam_n under_o the_o title_n of_o endemick_a disease_n i_o not_o only_o comprise_v those_o that_o be_v sole_o peculiar_a to_o some_o place_n as_o the_o plica_fw-la polonica_fw-la to_o poland_n and_o the_o disease_n in_o france_n call_v la_o colique_a de_fw-fr poictou_n but_o those_o that_o chief_o appear_v in_o particular_a country_n as_o ague_n in_o kent_n and_o essex_n hundred_o consumption_n in_o england_n and_o flux_n in_o ireland_n but_o before_o i_o proceed_v further_o under_o this_o topick_n it_o be_v requisite_a i_o shall_v first_o advertise_v that_o i_o deny_v not_o but_o that_o a_o great_a many_o of_o such_o distemper_n may_v depend_v in_o a_o great_a measure_n on_o excessive_a heat_n or_o cold_a or_o some_o other_o manifest_a quality_n of_o the_o air_n as_o also_o bad_a diet_n or_o intemperance_n but_o the_o reason_n why_o i_o think_v they_o general_o in_o a_o great_a measure_n likewise_o arise_v from_o some_o noxious_a and_o contagious_a subterraneal_a effluvia_fw-la be_v the_o follow_v 1._o because_o frequent_o the_o cause_n be_v not_o manifest_a and_o 2._o contagious_a effluvia_fw-la may_v be_v emit_v 3._o a_o large_a tract_n of_o land_n may_v abound_v with_o the_o same_o kind_n of_o mineral_n and_o another_o piece_n of_o land_n with_o another_o 4._o as_o the_o effluvia_fw-la be_v saline_n sulphureous_a antimonial_a arsenical_a or_o of_o another_o nature_n they_o may_v have_v different_a effect_n so_o in_o hungary_n some_o cause_n a_o difficulty_n of_o breathe_v but_o the_o effluvia_fw-la of_o the_o earth_n do_v not_o only_o affect_v the_o body_n by_o the_o mediation_n of_o respiration_n but_o be_v contiguous_a to_o the_o skin_n get_v in_o at_o the_o pore_n of_o the_o body_n and_o have_v sensible_a effect_n on_o the_o internal_a part_n and_o that_o the_o pore_n of_o the_o body_n be_v capable_a of_o receive_v very_o subtle_a effluvia_fw-la may_v be_v evince_v by_o several_a instance_n but_o it_o may_v suffice_v to_o intimate_v that_o i_o have_v so_o prepare_v a_o mineral_n substance_n that_o it_o will_v have_v very_o sensible_a effect_n on_o substance_n contain_v in_o the_o bladder_n of_o dead_a animal_n when_o it_o have_v no_o other_o way_n to_o get_v to_o those_o substance_n than_o through_o the_o pore_n of_o the_o bladder_n which_o be_v not_o near_o so_o perspirable_a as_o other_o part_n of_o the_o body_n not_o constitute_v to_o hold_v so_o subtle_a and_o penetrate_a a_o liquor_n as_o urine_n nor_o need_v it_o be_v a_o less_o wonder_n how_o these_o subterraneal_a effluvia_fw-la shall_v have_v so_o sudden_a effect_n on_o human_a body_n and_o in_o so_o little_a time_n since_o we_o see_v in_o moist_a wether_n how_o sudden_o lute-string_n be_v break_v and_o rope_n shorten_v by_o the_o insinuation_n of_o moist_a particle_n into_o their_o pore_n and_o though_o those_o effluvia_fw-la be_v not_o so_o plentiful_o disperse_v in_o the_o air_n as_o to_o enter_v the_o pore_n in_o such_o swarm_n yet_o the_o mass_n of_o humour_n may_v in_o time_n be_v sufficient_o impregnate_v with_o those_o noxious_a vapour_n to_o enable_v they_o to_o produce_v their_o effect_n when_o suck_v into_o the_o capillary_a vessel_n they_o gradual_o deprave_v the_o mass_n of_o blood_n and_o that_o effluvia_fw-la from_o without_o may_v have_v considerable_a effect_n on_o the_o mass_n of_o blood_n appear_v from_o appensa_fw-la and_o periapta_fw-la as_o also_o the_o effect_n of_o mercurial_a plaster_n and_o girdle_n and_o the_o effluvia_fw-la of_o a_o loadstone_n which_o cause_v a_o friend_n of_o i_o to_o be_v trouble_v with_o fit_n of_o the_o colic_n a_o argument_n that_o mineral_n effluvia_fw-la may_v cause_v particular_a disease_n to_o which_o we_o may_v add_v that_o arsenical_a appensa_fw-la extol_v by_o some_o in_o the_o plague_n have_v produce_v the_o effect_n of_o
star_n yet_o the_o vanity_n of_o judiciary_n astrology_n have_v be_v so_o plain_o detect_v by_o several_a learned_a man_n i_o shall_v here_o only_o observe_v that_o it_o be_v much_o more_o unlikely_a that_o particular_a town_n shall_v alone_o be_v influence_v by_o such_o than_o by_o effluvium_n from_o body_n near_o the_o surface_n of_o the_o earth_n where_o those_o place_n stand_v and_o that_o which_o render_v it_o much_o more_o probable_a be_v that_o i_o have_v frequent_o know_v disease_n very_o fatal_a to_o happen_v sudden_o in_o some_o place_n where_o the_o first_o contagion_n have_v be_v accompany_v with_o a_o very_a troublesome_a fog_n that_o sudden_a and_o violent_a heat_n may_v be_v produce_v by_o a_o mixture_n of_o subterraneal_a body_n not_o only_o appear_v from_o oil_n of_o vitrol_n pour_v upon_o iron_n spirit_n of_o nitre_n upon_o butter_n of_o antimony_n file_n of_o copper_n tin_n or_o crude_a antimony_n but_o from_o oil_n of_o vitriol_n pour_v upon_o powder_a marchasite_n which_o be_v accompany_v with_o very_o strong_a scent_v fume_n to_o which_o i_o shall_v add_v that_o even_o sulphur_n have_v to_o my_o knowledge_n have_v considerable_a effect_n on_o marchasite_n and_o i_o have_v be_v tell_v by_o a_o german_a chemist_n that_o in_o germany_n marchasite_n which_o be_v find_v there_o will_v grow_v hot_a if_o long_o immerse_v in_o pure_a water_n and_o if_o we_o consider_v upon_o how_o many_o accident_n the_o course_n of_o subterraneal_a water_n may_v be_v turn_v it_o will_v be_v easy_o evident_a upon_o that_o account_n considerable_a degree_n of_o heat_n may_v succeed_v for_o if_o a_o convenient_a quantity_n of_o file_n of_o steel_n be_v mix_v with_o powder_n of_o sulphur_n and_o that_o mixture_n be_v moisten_v with_o water_n it_o present_o grow_v very_o hot_a and_o emit_v fume_n copious_o like_o slak'd-lime_n and_o i_o have_v be_v inform_v by_o several_a who_o frequent_a mine_n that_o damp_n which_o be_v make_v up_o of_o subterraneal_a effluvium_n be_v not_o only_o very_o irregular_a in_o reference_n to_o their_o distance_n but_o also_o their_o duration_n and_o have_v very_o ill_a effect_n on_o those_o that_o come_v within_o the_o reach_n of_o they_o and_o if_o such_o pernicious_a fume_n be_v to_o be_v discover_v so_o near_o the_o surface_n of_o the_o earth_n well_o may_v they_o affect_v those_o that_o inhabit_v on_o the_o soil_n near_o which_o such_o effluvia_fw-la rise_n i_o say_v near_o which_o because_o though_o they_o do_v not_o immediate_o rise_v in_o the_o very_a town_n they_o infect_v and_o be_v carry_v thither_o by_o the_o motion_n of_o the_o air_n yet_o in_o a_o large_a tract_n of_o land_n they_o may_v be_v so_o disperse_v as_o to_o have_v no_o considerable_a effect_n but_o it_o be_v not_o requisite_a always_o that_o those_o effluvia_fw-la which_o cause_n distemper_n shall_v be_v noxious_a at_o their_o first_o rise_n from_o the_o earth_n since_o mineral_n fume_n may_v acquire_v new_a quality_n by_o associate_a with_o particular_a particle_n in_o the_o air_n and_o may_v by_o that_o mean_n be_v dispose_v to_o act_v upon_o particular_a part_n of_o the_o body_n and_o to_o cause_v a_o determinate_a disease_n so_o though_o neither_o spirit_n of_o nitre_n nor_o sal_fw-la ammoniac_a alone_o can_v dissolve_v gold_n yet_o aq._n regia_n which_o be_v a_o composition_n of_o both_o will_n but_o have_v no_o such_o effect_n on_o silver_n diamond_n be_v or_o ruby_n as_o for_o the_o reason_n why_o epidemic_a distemper_n affect_v some_o and_o let_v other_o go_v free_a it_o may_v not_o only_o be_v account_v for_o by_o the_o peculiar_a disposition_n of_o those_o body_n but_o also_o by_o consider_v that_o the_o effluvia_fw-la which_o rise_v from_o the_o earth_n may_v be_v so_o imperfect_o mix_v with_o the_o air_n as_o to_o fall_v upon_o one_o body_n and_o not_o another_o so_o i_o have_v observe_v several_a leave_n on_o a_o tree_n blast_v with_o a_o wind_n which_o blow_v at_o that_o corner_n of_o the_o ground_n yet_o other_o on_o the_o same_o piece_n of_o ground_n be_v untouched_a nay_o the_o very_a leave_n of_o that_o be_v not_o all_o blast_a on_o that_o side_n which_o the_o wind_n blow_v so_o that_o i_o suspect_v some_o arsenical_a vapour_n be_v mix_v with_o the_o air_n cast_v upon_o they_o be_v like_o hail_n shoot_v from_o a_o gun_n and_o scatter_v in_o its_o flight_n and_o on_o a_o cause_n not_o much_o unlike_o this_o may_v depend_v the_o effect_n of_o some_o wind_n which_o cause_n blast_n on_o the_o face_n of_o some_o people_n yet_o let_v other_o go_v free_a as_o i_o remember_v i_o be_v ride_v once_o in_o the_o wind_n which_o though_o it_o disaffect_v not_o i_o yet_o my_o man_n who_o rid_v after_o i_o escape_v it_o not_o in_o favour_n of_o our_o hypothesis_n already_o lay_v down_o i_o shall_v add_v that_o the_o short_a duration_n of_o some_o distemper_n as_o well_o as_o their_o progressive_a motion_n from_o one_o town_n to_o another_o be_v argument_n either_o that_o these_o vapour_n rise_v all_o at_o once_o and_o be_v disperse_v or_o the_o subterraneal_a commotion_n that_o cause_v they_o pass_v on_o from_o one_o part_n of_o the_o earth_n subjacent_a to_o another_o nor_o be_v it_o less_o consonant_a to_o our_o hypothesis_n that_o the_o short_a duration_n of_o some_o distemper_n may_v depend_v on_o a_o successive_a rise_n of_o effluvia_fw-la since_o when_o those_o of_o one_o kind_n cease_v to_o be_v emit_v and_o another_o kind_n succeed_v the_o latter_a may_v check_v the_o former_a by_o precipitate_v they_o or_o unite_n into_o quid_fw-la tertium_fw-la less_o prejudicial_a to_o all_o animal_n body_n so_o by_o a_o ascociation_n of_o new_a particle_n with_o those_o pestilential_a effluvia_fw-la which_o cause_n a_o annual_a plague_n in_o grand_a cairo_n it_o sudden_o stop_v and_o those_o already_o infect_v die_v not_o if_o the_o air_n be_v sufficient_o impregnate_v before_o as_o a_o late_a writer_n of_o voyage_n into_o egypt_n testify_v in_o these_o word_n the_o drop_n or_o dew_n purify_v the_o air_n for_o as_o soon_o as_o it_o fall_v the_o plague_n cease_v to_o be_v mortal_a none_o die_v of_o it_o the_o air_n be_v wholesome_a all_o distemper_n cease_v and_o if_o any_o person_n grow_v sick_a he_o never_o die_v etc._n etc._n i_o have_v be_v tell_v that_o about_o the_o tin_n mine_n in_o devonshire_n not_o only_o the_o grass_n and_o fern_n but_o the_o tree_n will_v be_v sudden_o blast_v by_o the_o powerful_a effluvia_fw-la which_o sudden_o rise_v over_o a_o considerable_a compass_n of_o ground_n have_v say_v thus_o much_o of_o epidemical_a distemper_n it_o perhaps_o may_v be_v expect_v that_o i_o shall_v say_v something_o of_o the_o plague_n and_o its_o origin_n which_o i_o must_v own_v myself_o at_o a_o loss_n in_o for_o though_o i_o think_v it_o rather_o seem_o pious_a than_o real_o so_o to_o ascribe_v such_o thing_n to_o a_o supernatural_a power_n which_o may_v be_v account_v for_o by_o natural_a one_o yet_o i_o deny_v not_o but_o that_o some_o may_v arise_v from_o a_o supernatural_a origin_n but_o what_o ever_o may_v be_v the_o first_o origin_n of_o plague_n i_o be_o incline_v to_o think_v that_o the_o propagation_n of_o they_o depend_v on_o a_o malignant_a disposition_n in_o the_o air_n arise_v from_o some_o subterraneal_a effluvia_fw-la for_o these_o reason_n first_o because_o the_o malevolent_a aspect_n of_o the_o planet_n seem_v too_o remote_a and_o indeterminate_a to_o act_v on_o a_o particular_a place_n beside_o according_a to_o the_o vulgar_a hypothesis_n the_o plague_n ought_v to_o rage_v most_o where_o it_o very_o seldom_o happen_v for_o leo_n africanus_n inform_v we_o that_o in_o numidia_n though_o rage_v hot_a it_o happen_v but_o once_o in_o a_o hundred_o year_n and_o purchas_n in_o his_o pilgrimage_n lib._n 6._o cap._n 13._o tell_v we_o it_o be_v not_o know_v at_o all_o in_o the_o land_n of_o negro_n and_o seldom_o in_o japan_n or_o new-england_n and_o in_o the_o east-indies_n china_n tunquin_n and_o cochinchinâ—_n it_o be_v never_o hear_v of_o whereas_o the_o country_n of_o china_n contain_v more_o inhabitant_n than_o all_o the_o nation_n of_o europe_n and_o be_v the_o plague_n a_o punishment_n inflict_v for_o the_o sin_n of_o man_n certain_o in_o country_n so_o large_a and_o savage_a they_o may_v expect_v it_o from_o divine_a justice_n as_o often_o as_o we_o but_o perhaps_o it_o may_v be_v say_v that_o these_o history_n as_o much_o press_n our_o hypothesis_n as_o those_o other_o allege_v by_o physician_n but_o if_o we_o consider_v that_o i_o confess_v it_o difficult_a to_o determine_v the_o original_a cause_n the_o other_o part_n of_o my_o hypothesis_n be_v not_o at_o all_o shake_v since_o it_o can_v not_o be_v deny_v but_o that_o noxious_a effluvia_fw-la will_v be_v able_a to_o propagate_v the_o plague_n there_o be_v there_o a_o original_a cause_n to_o set_v those_o secondary_a cause_n on_o work_n
fortissimo_fw-la vitreo_fw-la ponantur_fw-la ad_fw-la ignem_fw-la arenae_fw-la donec_fw-la vitrum_fw-la optime_fw-la incalescat_fw-la &_o praedicta_fw-la solvantur_fw-la &_o liquentur_fw-la instar_fw-la picis_fw-la quod_fw-la observabitur_fw-la quando_fw-la filum_fw-la quoddam_fw-la immittitur_fw-la in_o fundum_fw-la quod_fw-la extractum_fw-la postea_fw-la instar_fw-la terebinthinae_fw-la trahetur_fw-la ubi_fw-la satis_fw-la coctum_fw-la erit_fw-la postea_fw-la remove_n vitrum_fw-la ab_fw-la igne_fw-la &_o subtiliter_fw-la pulverisa_fw-la &_o ad_fw-la usum_fw-la serva_fw-la another_o eminent_a physician_n preserve_v himself_o from_o the_o plague_n by_o take_v every_o morning_n a_o little_a sea_n salt_n dissolve_v in_o sea_n water_n and_o in_o another_o plague_n i_o know_v two_o recover_v with_o a_o conserve_v make_v of_o goat_n rue_n cease_v why_o the_o plague_n sometime_o unexpected_o cease_v but_o further_a beside_o what_o have_v be_v discourse_v on_o it_o be_v not_o less_o disagreeable_a with_o our_o hypothesis_n that_o sometime_o the_o plague_n unexpected_o cease_v since_o those_o subterraneal_a effluvia_fw-la which_o continue_v the_o infection_n cease_v to_o be_v emit_v from_o the_o earth_n those_o in_o the_o air_n be_v soon_o spend_v and_o sweep_v away_o with_o the_o wind_n which_z effluvia_fw-la may_v cease_v to_o be_v emit_v either_o because_o they_o meet_v with_o some_o other_o effluvia_fw-la in_o the_o earth_n which_o correct_v they_o or_o because_o they_o primary_o rise_v from_o a_o conflict_n and_o agitation_n depend_v on_o the_o mutual_a action_n of_o two_o body_n which_o as_o spirit_n of_o salt_n pour_v on_o file_n of_o iron_n or_o aquafortis_n on_o salt_n of_o tartar_n emit_v fume_n less_o plentiful_o as_o the_o ebullition_n decline_v and_o that_o noxious_a exhalation_n may_v be_v correct_v by_o a_o combination_n of_o other_o as_o pernicious_a not_o only_o appear_v from_o what_o have_v be_v before_o deliver_v but_o may_v be_v illustrate_v by_o note_v that_o though_o spirit_n of_o salt-peter_n will_v corrode_v silver_n yet_o if_o spirit_n of_o salt_n be_v add_v to_o it_o it_o soon_o lose_v that_o quality_n proposition_n iu._n it_o be_v very_o probable_a that_o most_o of_o the_o disease_n that_o even_o physician_n call_v new_a one_o be_v cause_v either_o chief_o or_o concurrent_o by_o subterraneal_a steam_n steam_n new_a disease_n cause_v by_o subterraneal_a steam_n by_o new_a distemper_n i_o will_v be_v understand_v to_o mean_v not_o every_o one_o that_o vary_v a_o little_a in_o symptom_n from_o the_o same_o sort_n at_o another_o time_n but_o such_o as_o at_o their_o appearance_n be_v by_o their_o symptom_n altogether_o unknown_a that_o these_o distemper_n depend_v not_o on_o any_o intemperate_a and_o manifest_a quality_n of_o the_o air_n nor_o on_o the_o influence_n of_o those_o heavenly_a body_n that_o move_v about_o we_o seem_v evident_a because_o the_o influence_n of_o the_o latter_a be_v too_o indeterminate_a and_o the_o alteration_n in_o the_o temper_n of_o the_o air_n much_o more_o frequent_a than_o the_o access_n of_o new_a distemper_n but_o from_o what_o have_v be_v say_v under_o the_o three_o proposition_n it_o appear_v that_o the_o globe_n we_o inhabit_v abound_v with_o various_a noxious_a mineral_n which_o be_v subject_a to_o various_a conflux_n conflict_n and_o dissipation_n and_o which_o by_o emit_v effluvia_fw-la may_v infect_v the_o air_n and_o cause_v new_a disease_n which_o may_v continue_v according_o as_o the_o cause_n be_v more_o or_o less_o durable_a so_o manna_n for_o these_o two_o or_o three_o age_n have_v be_v find_v on_o certain_a tree_n which_o faculty_n of_o produce_v manna_n they_o still_o retain_v yet_o have_v it_o not_o before_o vapour_n experiment_n to_o show_v that_o metal_n may_v be_v raise_v in_o the_o form_n of_o vapour_n to_o conclude_v this_o chapter_n and_o to_o render_v what_o we_o have_v teach_v concern_v mineral_n effluvia_fw-la more_o probable_a i_o shall_v add_v the_o follow_a experiment_n from_o whence_o it_o will_v appear_v that_o malleable_a metal_n may_v be_v raise_v in_o the_o form_n of_o vapour_n into_o the_o air_n and_o become_v part_n of_o fume_n or_o perhaps_o of_o invisible_a vapour_n or_o even_o of_o flame_n itself_o experiment_n i._n distil_v dantisic_n vitriol_n and_o sea_n salt_n distil_v have_v powder_v three_o pound_n of_o dantsic_n vitriol_n and_o two_o of_o sea-salt_n and_o distil_v they_o with_o a_o strong_a naked_a fire_n we_o obtain_v a_o blue_a spirit_n of_o salt_n beside_o which_o there_o rise_v a_o powder_n of_o a_o cupreous_a and_o martial_a nature_n which_o settle_v in_o the_o bottom_n of_o the_o liquor_n experiment_n ii_o salt_n english_a vitriol_n and_o sea_n salt_n the_o former_a experiment_n be_v repeat_v with_o english_a instead_o of_o dantsic_n vitriol_n we_o obtain_v a_o yellow_a spirit_n with_o a_o yellow_a powder_n which_o seem_v to_o be_v a_o crocus_n martis_n experiment_n iii_o copper_n mercury_n sublimate_n and_o copper_n we_o cast_v thin_a plate_n of_o copper_n into_o a_o retort_n upon_o a_o double_a weight_n of_o good_a mercury_n sublimate_n and_o have_v lute_v on_o the_o receiver_n by_o a_o long_a continue_a fire_n we_o obtain_v some_o run_a mercury_n and_o some_o sublimate_n which_o have_v not_o fasten_v upon_o the_o copper_n in_o the_o bottom_n of_o the_o retort_n we_o find_v a_o weighty_a brittle_a and_o resinous_a substance_n fusible_a and_o inflammable_a almost_o like_o seal_v wax_n this_o be_v beat_v and_o expose_v for_o some_o time_n to_o the_o air_n turn_v to_o a_o kind_n of_o verdigreese_v which_o give_v a_o green_a tincture_n to_o spirit_n of_o salt_n this_o be_v distil_v ad_fw-la siccitatem_fw-la several_a time_n till_o full_o impregnate_v with_o the_o spirit_n it_o be_v mix_v with_o triple_o and_o with_o a_o strong_a fire_n afford_v a_o colourless_a liquor_n like_o water_n which_o upon_o a_o addition_n of_o spirit_n of_o hartshorn_n turn_v blue_a experiment_n iu._n tin_n venetian_a sublimate_n and_o cornish_a tin_n venetian_a sublimate_n distil_v from_o cornish_a tin_n into_o a_o good_a large_a receiver_n yield_v a_o spirituous_a liquor_n which_o emit_v white_a exhalation_n upon_o a_o access_n of_o free_a air_n but_o if_o the_o orifice_n of_o the_o vessel_n be_v but_o cover_v with_o a_o piece_n of_o paper_n vipour_n air_n promote_v the_o rise_n of_o metalline_a vipour_n it_o present_o cease_v to_o emit_v those_o exhalation_n yet_o begin_v again_o when_o that_o paper_n which_o lie_v but_o light_o upon_o it_o before_o be_v take_v off_o whence_o it_o appear_v that_o the_o air_n may_v promote_v the_o rise_n of_o metalline_a vapour_n in_o the_o atmosphere_n and_o that_o metalline_a fume_n will_v ascend_v in_o the_o form_n of_o vapour_n will_v appear_v from_o the_o follow_a experiment_n viz._n have_v satiate_v aqua_fw-la fortis_fw-la with_o copper_n and_o steep_v some_o brown_a paper_n in_o it_o to_o soak_v up_o some_o of_o the_o menstruum_fw-la when_o the_o superfluous_a moisture_n be_v partly_o evaporate_v we_o lay_v some_o of_o it_o upon_o the_o hearth_n near_o a_o wood_n fire_n upon_o which_o the_o paper_n be_v scorch_v emit_v fume_n like_o smoak_n which_o rise_v up_o in_o the_o air_n as_o soon_o as_o they_o come_v to_o the_o flame_n they_o impart_v to_o it_o a_o colour_n partly_o blow_v and_o partly_o green_a as_o it_o be_v various_o mix_v with_o the_o flame_n and_o smoke_n of_o the_o wood._n chap._n xx._n suspicion_n about_o some_o hide_a quality_n of_o the_o air._n air._n latent_fw-la quality_n in_o the_o air._n beside_o the_o four_o first_o quality_n of_o the_o air_n viz._n heat_v cold_a moisture_n and_o dryness_n and_o those_o which_o philosopher_n and_o chemist_n have_v discover_v as_o gravity_n springiness_n etc._n etc._n i_o be_o apt_a to_o suspect_v that_o there_o be_v other_o latent_fw-la quality_n in_o it_o due_a to_o the_o substantial_a ingredient_n which_o it_o be_v make_v up_o of_o for_o the_o air_n we_o live_v in_o be_v not_o a_o simple_a body_n but_o a_o confuse_a aggregate_v of_o effluvium_n which_o be_v jumble_v together_o constitute_v a_o great_a mass_n of_o heterogeneous_a matter_n endue_v with_o different_a quality_n for_o from_o what_o be_v elsewhere_o deliver_v it_o appear_v that_o there_o be_v various_a effluvia_fw-la beside_o those_o that_o afford_v ordinary_a meteor_n which_o arise_v from_o body_n in_o subterraneal_a part_n several_a of_o which_o have_v no_o name_n or_o at_o lest_o none_o assign_v they_o and_o have_v several_a power_n and_o quality_n which_o we_o know_v not_o of_o beside_o the_o sun_n and_o planet_n may_v have_v influence_n here_o below_o distinct_a from_o their_o heat_n and_o light_n which_o may_v mix_v with_o the_o atmosphere_n we_o live_v in_o and_o for_o as_o much_o as_o those_o celestial_a globe_n that_o move_v about_o we_o may_v be_v endue_v with_o substance_n that_o we_o here_o know_v nothing_o of_o the_o effluvium_n which_o come_v from_o they_o may_v affect_v we_o in_o a_o different_a manner_n from_o any_o body_n we_o here_o have_v in_o our_o atmosphere_n and_o though_o the_o
great_a part_n of_o those_o effluvium_n it_o quality_n in_o the_o air_n which_o arise_v from_o the_o union_n and_o conjunction_n of_o other_o body_n with_o it_o which_o be_v active_a in_o our_o atmosphere_n arise_v from_o subterraneal_a part_n and_o from_o celestial_a body_n yet_o doubtless_o there_o be_v a_o great_a many_o that_o result_n from_o the_o mutual_a action_n of_o the_o different_a part_n of_o it_o act_v on_o those_o body_n that_o be_v expose_v to_o it_o for_o though_o notwithstanding_o any_o manifest_a quality_n we_o can_v discern_v in_o it_o the_o air_n seem_v to_o be_v unfit_a for_o a_o menstruum_fw-la yet_o i_o doubt_v not_o but_o it_o may_v have_v considerable_a effect_n on_o body_n dispose_v to_o be_v act_v on_o by_o it_o for_o not_o to_o urge_v that_o sometime_o the_o quantity_n of_o a_o menstruum_fw-la compensate_v its_o want_n of_o strength_n we_o know_v that_o there_o be_v several_a liquor_n which_o though_o insipid_a and_o make_v no_o sensible_a impression_n on_o the_o organ_n of_o taste_n yet_o by_o their_o various_a attrition_n and_o frequent_a motion_n against_o body_n become_v fit_a for_o solvent_n so_o the_o air_n have_v its_o part_n always_o act_v on_o copper_n expose_v to_o it_o in_o tract_n of_o time_n produce_v that_o efflorescence_n colour_v like_o verdigrease_n a_o factitious_a body_n usual_o produce_v from_o the_o same_o substance_n corrode_v by_o vinegar_n or_o the_o juice_n of_o the_o husk_n of_o grape_n beside_o we_o see_v that_o mercury_n which_o have_v no_o sensible_a taste_n have_v a_o faculty_n of_o dissolve_v gold_n and_o silver_n and_o all_o strong_a menstruum_n which_o dissolve_v body_n with_o the_o utmost_a vigour_n be_v soon_o glut_v and_o can_v dissolve_v no_o more_o so_o that_o though_o the_o air_n be_v a_o weak_a one_o yet_o it_o have_v this_o last_a advantage_n that_o when_o a_o small_a quantity_n of_o it_o be_v glut_v it_o bear_v so_o great_a a_o proportion_n to_o the_o body_n it_o act_v on_o that_o a_o fresh_a part_n of_o it_o be_v still_o to_o supply_v the_o deficiency_n and_o place_n of_o that_o which_o can_v act_v no_o long_o part_n the_o air_n abound_v with_o saline_n and_o sulphureous_a part_n beside_o the_o air_n abound_v with_o so_o many_o saline_a and_o sulphureous_a part_n that_o by_o rub_v upon_o body_n that_o lie_v in_o their_o way_n by_o frequent_a occursion_n they_o cause_v considerable_a effect_n so_o we_o see_v according_a to_o the_o proverb_n gutta_n cavat_fw-la lapidem_fw-la non_fw-la vi_fw-la sed_fw-la saepe_fw-la cadendo_fw-la moreover_o though_o the_o part_n of_o air_n be_v very_a minute_n yet_o we_o know_v that_o the_o body_n which_o be_v expose_v to_o their_o action_n be_v only_o act_v on_o by_o they_o upon_o their_o outward_a superficies_n which_o may_v consist_v of_o as_o many_o part_n and_o as_o minute_n as_o those_o of_o the_o air_n which_o by_o successive_o hit_v against_o they_o carry_v they_o along_o with_o they_o so_o sugar_n or_o sal_fw-la gem._n be_v immerse_v in_o water_n have_v their_o part_n dissolve_v and_o carry_v up_o into_o the_o liquor_n by_o the_o successive_a attrition_n and_o occursion_n of_o so_o insipid_a a_o menstruum_fw-la and_o who_o part_n be_v in_o so_o gentle_a a_o motion_n body_n the_o sunbeam_n sufficient_a to_o raise_v some_o body_n and_o i_o be_o apt_a to_o believe_v that_o some_o body_n have_v may_v such_o a_o disposition_n to_o be_v work_v upon_o by_o the_o sunbeam_n as_o to_o be_v raise_v by_o they_o in_o such_o a_o form_n as_o not_o to_o be_v distinguish_v from_o the_o body_n they_o be_v raise_v in_o but_o whether_o they_o may_v or_o not_o certain_o it_o be_v consonant_a to_o experience_n that_o the_o atmosphere_n be_v fill_v in_o several_a place_n with_o effluvium_n of_o different_a kind_n and_o of_o uncommon_a or_o unobserved_a nature_n which_o conjecture_n may_v be_v favour_v by_o observe_v how_o subject_a camphire_n be_v to_o waste_v and_o that_o when_o the_o superficies_n of_o some_o solid_a body_n have_v be_v take_v off_o they_o emit_v steam_n copious_o by_o which_o in_o a_o minute_n of_o a_o hour_n they_o suffer_v a_o manifest_a decrement_n of_o weight_n air._n argument_n to_o prove_v latent_fw-la quality_n in_o the_o air._n but_o to_o reassume_v the_o discourse_n we_o have_v make_v this_o digression_n from_o i_o shall_v urge_v some_o argument_n à _fw-la posteriori_fw-la which_o favour_n what_o i_o propose_v concern_v these_o latent_fw-la quality_n in_o the_o air._n and_o first_o i_o shall_v urge_v the_o appear_a growth_n of_o some_o salt_n in_o body_n which_o usual_o afford_v they_o not_o at_o all_o or_o not_o in_o such_o plenty_n vitriolate_v efflorescences_n have_v be_v observe_v to_o be_v after_o sometime_o on_o the_o glister_a part_n of_o marchasite_n which_o be_v keep_v in_o a_o dry_a room_n and_o it_o have_v be_v observe_v that_o a_o heavy_a ponderous_a mineral_n expose_v to_o the_o air_n for_o some_o time_n become_v so_o brittle_a that_o it_o will_v crimble_a away_o and_o plentiful_o abound_v with_o copperas_n and_o some_o of_o the_o same_o be_v keep_v in_o a_o close_a and_o dry_a place_n be_v in_o some_o time_n cover_v over_o with_o a_o efflorescence_n which_o be_v mix_v with_o a_o infusion_n of_o gall_n manifest_v itself_o to_o be_v a_o vitriol_n who_o growth_n be_v the_o more_o strange_a in_o the_o air_n because_o it_o be_v not_o a_o mere_a acid_n salt_n but_o abound_v with_o combustible_a and_o sulphureous_a part_n which_o i_o have_v often_o separate_v from_o common_a vitriol_n without_o the_o addition_n of_o any_o combustible_a matter_n and_o sometime_o without_o any_o addition_n at_o all_o and_o it_o be_v not_o a_o little_a strange_a that_o our_o blackish_a mineral_n yield_v vitriol_n efflorescences_n so_o soon_o since_o i_o keep_v shine_v marchasite_n from_o whence_o they_o usual_o prepare_v vitriol_n without_o be_v change_v near_o so_o much_o as_o those_o i_o have_v mention_v and_o it_o be_v usual_a sometime_o to_o let_v they_o lie_v expose_v to_o the_o air_n two_o year_n before_o they_o yield_v their_o vitriolate_a part_n air._n alum_n over_o regain_v its_o salt_n when_o expose_v to_o the_o air._n to_o these_o observation_n we_o may_v add_v that_o alum_n over_o be_v rob_v of_o its_o salt_n recover_v it_o again_o by_o be_v expose_v to_o the_o air_n and_o lime_n in_o old_a wall_n have_v in_o time_n regain_v a_o nitrous_a spirit_n which_o i_o have_v learn_v by_o dissolve_v it_o in_o common_a water_n and_o evaporate_n the_o filtrate_v solution_n nay_o vitriol_n and_o so_o do_v vitriol_n calcine_v vitriol_n expose_v to_o the_o air_n in_o a_o competent_a time_n regain_v fresh_a part_n of_o a_o vitriolate_a salt_n vitriol_n suspicion_n about_o the_o production_n of_o vitriol_n but_o though_o i_o propose_v these_o observation_n as_o favourable_a to_o the_o suspicion_n lay_v down_o yet_o i_o be_o apt_a to_o suspect_v that_o the_o air_n concur_v to_o the_o production_n of_o they_o rather_o as_o a_o ingredient_n than_o as_o a_o agent_n or_o that_o the_o production_n of_o they_o depend_v on_o some_o seminal_a principle_n by_o which_o when_o they_o be_v once_o ripen_v the_o moisture_n of_o the_o air_n help_v they_o to_o disclose_v themselves_o in_o the_o form_n of_o saline_a concretes_n as_o in_o tartarous_a matter_n saline_a part_n be_v generate_v which_o cause_n that_o acid_a taste_n in_o tartar_n of_o rhenish_a wine_n especial_o beside_o it_o may_v be_v suspect_v that_o the_o salt_n find_v in_o marchasite_n etc._n etc._n may_v be_v make_v of_o saline_a particle_n swim_v in_o the_o air_n and_o attract_v by_o congenerous_a particle_n that_o remain_v in_o those_o body_n that_o be_v as_o it_o be_v the_o womb_n of_o such_o mineral_n or_o that_o these_o aerial_a salt_n assist_v by_o the_o moisture_n of_o the_o air_n open_v the_o texture_n of_o these_o womb_n and_o by_o extricate_a the_o latent_fw-la saline_a part_n and_o adjoin_v with_o they_o compose_v those_o emergent_a body_n but_o though_o i_o suspect_v that_o the_o air_n be_v not_o whole_o concern_v in_o produce_v such_o body_n yet_o i_o believe_v it_o be_v in_o a_o great_a measure_n concern_v as_o i_o have_v already_o intimate_v principle_n the_o necessity_n of_o air_n to_o continue_v flame_n a_o argument_n of_o a_o latent_fw-la principle_n but_o to_o proceed_v to_o other_o instance_n of_o these_o aerial_a latent_fw-la quality_n i_o think_v that_o the_o necessity_n of_o the_o air_n be_v presence_n to_o preserve_v and_o continue_v flame_n be_v a_o sufficient_a argument_n of_o some_o latent_fw-la spirit_n or_o quality_n whether_o vital_a substance_n or_o nitrous_a spirit_n diffuse_v through_o the_o air_n on_o which_o likewise_o the_o life_n of_o animal_n depend_v and_o without_o which_o they_o as_o well_o as_o flame_n present_o be_v extinguish_v and_o die_v to_o these_o i_o shall_v add_v that_o animal_n substance_n enclose_v in_o vacuo_fw-la yield_v not_o infect_v as_o when_o expose_v to_o
than_o the_o air._n among_o several_a trial_n make_v with_o these_o weather-glass_n the_o follow_v be_v remarkable_a have_v cause_v a_o glass-egg_n with_o a_o stem_n such_o as_o fig._n 1._o plate_n 1._o delineate_n to_o be_v blow_v at_o a_o lamp_n the_o stem_n be_v dip_v in_o water_n admit_v into_o it_o a_o cylinder_n of_o water_n about_o half_a a_o inch_n long_o which_o when_o the_o pipe_n be_v erect_v will_v subside_o to_o the_o bottom_n of_o the_o cylinder_n just_o where_o it_o rise_v from_o the_o egg_n and_o there_o it_o will_v stand_v but_o if_o the_o glass-egg_n be_v immerse_v whole_o in_o water_n or_o but_o half_a way_n in_o quicksilver_n the_o water_n will_v ascend_v up_o to_o the_o middle_n of_o the_o cylinder_n and_o subside_o again_o when_o take_v out_o in_o this_o experiment_n several_a time_n repeat_v i_o observe_v that_o when_o the_o glass-egg_n be_v sudden_o remove_v out_o of_o the_o water_n and_o immerse_v in_o the_o quicksilver_n the_o cylinder_n of_o water_n will_v be_v raise_v high_o but_o if_o it_o be_v first_o immerse_v in_o quicksilver_n and_o thence_o remove_v into_o water_n it_o will_v subside_o but_o not_o near_o so_o much_o as_o in_o the_o open_a air._n these_o trial_n be_v make_v the_o 26_o of_o june_n the_o wether_n be_v moderate_a but_o be_v repeat_v another_o day_n when_o it_o be_v windy_a and_o rainy_a the_o aqueous_a cylinder_n upon_o the_o immersion_n of_o the_o thermometer_n subside_v june_n 27_o in_o the_o morning_n the_o aqueous_a cylinder_n will_v subside_v when_o the_o thermometer_n be_v immerse_v in_o water_n but_o ascend_v when_o it_o be_v depress_v into_o mercury_n yet_o when_o the_o water_n have_v be_v keep_v in_o a_o warm_a room_n some_o time_n till_o it_o be_v as_o warm_v to_o the_o touch_n as_o the_o quicksilver_n they_o will_v both_o of_o they_o immediate_o raise_v the_o mercury_n in_o the_o pipe_n the_o like_a experiment_n be_v try_v in_o january_n in_o frosty_a wether_n the_o internal_a air_n be_v of_o a_o equal_a temper_n with_o the_o external_n when_o the_o thermometer_n be_v immerse_v in_o a_o shallow_a vessel_n of_o water_n the_o aqueous_a cylinder_n be_v raise_v half_a a_o inch_n and_o when_o it_o be_v immerse_v in_o a_o deep_a vessel_n it_o be_v raise_v as_o high_a again_o but_o soon_o subside_v when_o take_v out_o into_o the_o free_a air._n from_o whence_o it_o appear_v that_o we_o may_v be_v different_o inform_v of_o the_o degree_n of_o heat_n and_o cold_a when_o we_o employ_v our_o organ_n of_o touch_n and_o when_o we_o make_v use_v of_o proper_a instrument_n on_o this_o occasion_n i_o shall_v subjoin_v that_o not_o only_a water_n but_o moist_a vapour_n in_o the_o air_n may_v cause_v it_o to_o seem_v cold_o to_o our_o sensory_n than_o common_o weather-glass_n discover_v it_o to_o be_v and_o though_o it_o be_v general_o agree_v that_o a_o themometer_n only_o more_o exact_o measure_v the_o effect_n which_o cold_a have_v upon_o it_o and_o our_o sensory_n yet_o i_o myself_o have_v take_v notice_n that_o at_o the_o same_o time_n the_o wether_n have_v seem_v cold_a to_o i_o when_o the_o weatherglass_n agree_v not_o with_o the_o information_n my_o sense_n give_v i_o which_o that_o it_o do_v not_o proceed_v from_o my_o 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d be_v apparent_a since_o other_o be_v sensible_a of_o it_o at_o the_o same_o time_n from_o what_o have_v be_v say_v it_o appear_v that_o it_o be_v requisite_a to_o take_v notice_n when_o bird_n and_o other_o animal_n who_o perception_n be_v more_o delicate_a than_o we_o seem_v to_o be_v affect_v with_o cold_a and_o likewise_o to_o examine_v the_o degree_n of_o coldness_n as_o well_o by_o experiment_n as_o by_o the_o touch._n for_o a_o further_a confirmation_n of_o what_o i_o have_v deliver_v on_o this_o occasion_n i_o shall_v add_v what_o martinius_n in_o his_o piece_n of_o geography_n call_v atlas_n chinensis_n say_v speak_v of_o the_o air_n of_o that_o populous_a country_n his_o word_n be_v these_o ad_fw-la coeli_fw-la solique_fw-la temperiem_fw-la quod_fw-la attinet_fw-la majus_fw-la in_o hac_fw-la provincia_n frigus_fw-la est_fw-la quam_fw-la illius_fw-la poscat_fw-la poli_fw-fr altitudo_fw-la vix_fw-la enim_fw-la illa_fw-la excedit_fw-la gradum_fw-la secundum_fw-la supra_fw-la quadragesimum_fw-la &_o tamen_fw-la per_fw-la integros_fw-la quatuor_fw-la saepe_fw-la menses_fw-la flumina_fw-la omne_fw-la adeo_fw-la duro_fw-la concrescunt_fw-la gelu_fw-la ut_fw-la currus_fw-la equosque_fw-la ac_fw-la gravissima_fw-la etiam_fw-la onera_fw-la glacies_fw-la ferat_fw-la innoxie_n ac_fw-la securissime_fw-la transeant_fw-la exit_fw-la iis_fw-la etiam_fw-la ingentia_fw-la glaciei_fw-la frusta_fw-la excinduntur_fw-la quae_fw-la in_o futuram_fw-la aestatem_fw-la ad_fw-la delicias_fw-la servant_n his_o mensibus_fw-la omnes_fw-la nave_n ita_fw-la in_o ipsa_fw-la glacie_n defixae_fw-la sunt_fw-la ut_fw-la progredi_fw-la nequeant_fw-la ubicunque_fw-la illas_fw-la frigus_fw-la occupo_fw-la quod_fw-la certo_fw-la certius_fw-la circa_fw-la medium_n novembris_fw-la ingruere_fw-la solet_fw-la per_fw-la quatuor_fw-la illos_fw-la menses_fw-la immotae_fw-la ibi_fw-la perstare_fw-la coguntur_fw-la neque_fw-la enim_fw-la resolvitur_fw-la glacies_fw-la ante_fw-la martii_fw-la initium_fw-la haec_fw-la plerunque_fw-la glaciei_fw-la concretio_fw-la uno_fw-la fit_a die_v cum_fw-la non_fw-la nisi_fw-la pluribus_fw-la fiat_fw-la liquefactio_fw-la to_o which_o he_o add_v what_o be_v more_o for_o our_o present_a purpose_n omnino_fw-la illud_fw-la mirum_fw-la tantum_fw-la non_fw-la videri_fw-la aut_fw-la sentiri_fw-la illud_fw-la frigus_fw-la ut_fw-la europaeos_fw-la ad_fw-la bypocausta_fw-la subeunda_fw-la videatur_fw-la posse_fw-la cogere_fw-la aut_fw-la in_o europa_n ad_fw-la glaciem_fw-la producendam_fw-la sufficere_fw-la unde_fw-la ad_fw-la subterraneas_fw-la illic_fw-la exhalationes_fw-la pro_fw-la harum_fw-la rerum_fw-la causis_fw-la indagandis_fw-la omnino_fw-la recurrendum_fw-la est_fw-la etc._n etc._n but_o though_o i_o have_v urge_v the_o necessity_n and_o usefulness_n of_o weather-glass_n as_o preferable_a to_o the_o information_n we_o receive_v from_o our_o sense_n yet_o though_o they_o be_v not_o obnoxious_a to_o the_o same_o cause_n of_o uncertainty_n they_o be_v apt_a sometime_o to_o deceive_v we_o since_o in_o common_a weather-glass_n beside_o that_o the_o external_a or_o internal_a air_n may_v be_v rarify_v or_o condense_v by_o heat_n and_o cold_a the_o incumbent_a atmosphere_n be_v contiguous_a to_o the_o suspend_v liquor_n it_o may_v be_v boy_v up_o by_o a_o additional_a gravity_n as_o well_o as_o heat_n in_o the_o atmosphere_n and_o vice_n versâ_fw-la as_o we_o have_v experience_v by_o a_o statical_a baroscope_n who_o balance_n will_v turn_v with_o the_o 500th_o part_n of_o a_o grain_n and_o likewise_o by_o convey_v a_o common_a weatherglass_n into_o the_o bottom_n of_o a_o deep_a pit_n and_o at_o another_o time_n by_o raise_v it_o up_o to_o the_o top_n of_o a_o church_n or_o steeple_n and_o compare_v it_o at_o the_o same_o time_n with_o a_o more_o exact_a thermometer_n for_o by_o this_o method_n it_o appear_v that_o the_o rise_n and_o fall_v of_o the_o water_n in_o the_o common_a weatherglass_n depend_v not_o on_o the_o temperature_n of_o the_o air_n as_o to_o heat_n or_o cold_a but_o on_o the_o different_a altitude_n of_o the_o atmospherical_a pillar_n of_o air_n incumbent_n on_o the_o water_n but_o beside_o the_o gravity_n of_o the_o atmosphere_n there_o may_v be_v other_o cause_n of_o the_o ascent_n and_o descent_n of_o the_o liquor_n in_o common_a weather-glass_n as_o well_o as_o heat_n and_o cold._a for_o not_o to_o urge_v that_o though_o the_o height_n of_o the_o same_o atmospherical_a pillar_n of_o air_n shall_v seem_v unaltered_a the_o weatherglass_n remain_v in_o the_o same_o place_n yet_o the_o weight_n of_o the_o air_n may_v be_v increase_v by_o the_o copious_a dispersion_n of_o vapour_n and_o heavy_a steam_n through_o the_o air_n and_o also_o may_v be_v diminish_v upon_o a_o precipitation_n of_o those_o by_o dew_n or_o rain_n which_o effect_n may_v perhaps_o be_v false_o attribute_v to_o different_a degree_n of_o heat_n or_o cold._n to_o be_v satisfy_v of_o the_o truth_n of_o what_o i_o have_v here_o hint_v i_o try_v the_o follow_a experiment_n i_o take_v two_o weather-glass_n of_o a_o more_o than_o ordinary_a length_n 3d._n see_v plate_n 1_o fig._n 2d_o and_o 3d._n the_o division_n of_o one_o of_o which_o be_v half_a inch_n and_o those_o of_o the_o other_o not_o much_o less_o the_o one_o which_o be_v furnish_v with_o good_a spirit_n of_o wine_n see_v plate_n 1_o fig._n 3._o be_v seal_v the_o other_o see_v plate_n 1_o fig._n 2._o be_v not_o seal_v but_o be_v so_o contrive_v that_o the_o air_n be_v shut_v up_o in_o the_o low_a part_n of_o the_o instrument_n may_v rise_v with_o heat_n and_o fall_v with_o cold._n in_o these_o thermoscope_n i_o observe_v that_o in_o that_o which_o be_v seal_v the_o liquor_n regular_o ascend_v in_o warm_a wether_n and_o subside_v in_o cold_a but_o in_o the_o other_o there_o be_v a_o little_a hole_n leave_v open_a at_o the_o top_n it_o be_v remarkable_a that_o though_o when_o the_o
shall_v allege_v the_o follow_a experiment_n viz._n that_o doctrine_n experiment_n allege_v against_o their_o doctrine_n if_o a_o bolt-head_n with_o a_o long_a stem_n be_v make_v use_n of_o to_o try_v the_o torrecellian_a experiment_n with_o the_o space_n desert_v by_o the_o mercury_n in_o the_o cavity_n of_o the_o bolt-head_n and_o from_o whence_o the_o mercury_n drive_v the_o air_n continue_v void_a the_o pendulous_a cylinder_n remain_v at_o 30_o inch_n without_o offer_v to_o ascend_v to_o prevent_v a_o vacuum_n nor_o will_v the_o quicksilver_n rise_v ¼_n of_o a_o inch_n high_o upon_o the_o application_n of_o cold_a body_n outward_o though_o in_o a_o common_a thermometer_n the_o same_o degree_n of_o cold_a will_v make_v water_n ascend_v several_a inch_n to_o this_o i_o shall_v add_v another_o argument_n take_v from_o the_o consideration_n of_o seal_a weather-glass_n see_v plate_n 1_o fig._n 3._o in_o which_o it_o be_v observe_v 3._o see_v plate_n 1_o fig._n 3._o that_o the_o air_n instead_o of_o contract_n upon_o a_o increase_n of_o cold_a expand_v itself_o if_o it_o be_v say_v that_o the_o water_n contract_v the_o air_n follow_v it_o to_o prevent_v a_o vacuum_n it_o may_v be_v demand_v why_o since_o nature_n cause_v the_o one_o to_o contract_v in_o common_a glass_n and_o the_o other_o in_o seal_v one_o to_o avoid_v a_o vacuum_n she_o do_v not_o rather_o make_v the_o air_n retain_v its_o natural_a extension_n than_o suffer_v it_o to_o be_v condense_v and_o then_o put_v herself_o to_o double_a trouble_n in_o compel_v the_o water_n to_o ascend_v contrary_a to_o its_o nature_n but_o not_o to_o insist_v on_o these_o argument_n i_o shall_v rather_o urge_v that_o what_o be_v offer_v by_o they_o will_v not_o solve_v the_o difficulty_n for_o whether_o the_o water_n or_o air_n be_v expanded_a into_o a_o large_a space_n since_o glass_n be_v impervious_a to_o air_n and_o water_n i_o see_v not_o how_o a_o vacuum_n interspersum_fw-la and_o coacervatum_fw-la can_v be_v avoid_v for_o if_o upon_o the_o expansion_n no_o other_o body_n be_v add_v and_o penetrate_v the_o glass_n to_o fill_v the_o space_n desert_v by_o some_o part_n of_o the_o expanded_a body_n there_o must_v remain_v vacuity_n betwixt_o they_o because_o it_o be_v impossible_a the_o same_o quantity_n of_o matter_n shall_v complete_o and_o adequate_o fill_v a_o great_a space_n by_o be_v expanded_a the_o part_n of_o the_o body_n be_v only_o able_a inadequate_o to_o fill_v it_o by_o recede_v from_o each_o other_o but_o be_v it_o allow_v that_o upon_o the_o expansion_n of_o one_o of_o these_o body_n and_o the_o condensation_n of_o the_o other_o a_o three_o substance_n harbour_v in_o the_o space_n desert_v by_o the_o one_o it_o may_v be_v question_v how_o such_o matter_n shall_v make_v its_o way_n out_o again_o examine_v mr._n hobbes_n his_o doctrine_n examine_v the_o second_o opinion_n i_o shall_v take_v notice_n of_o be_v that_o of_o mr._n hobbes_n which_o be_v to_o i_o partly_o precarious_a partly_o insufficient_a and_o scarce_o intelligible_a for_o though_o when_o he_o assert_n that_o the_o coldness_n of_o liquor_n depend_v on_o their_o be_v press_v with_o a_o constant_a wind_n beside_o that_o he_o assert_v it_o without_o proof_n it_o will_v appear_v from_o a_o experiment_n short_o to_o be_v allege_v that_o liquor_n seal_v up_o in_o glass_n and_o suspend_v in_o liquor_n not_o subject_a to_o freeze_v may_v be_v refrigerated_a though_o it_o appear_v not_o how_o they_o can_v be_v rake_v on_o by_o the_o wind_n as_o his_o hypothesis_n require_v second_o i_o see_v no_o necessity_n that_o the_o cold_a shall_v press_v upon_o the_o superficies_n of_o the_o water_n in_o the_o shank_n since_o by_o cold_a it_o will_v be_v raise_v in_o a_o weather-glassess_a keep_v in_o a_o still_a place_n and_o void_a of_o any_o sensible_a wind._n beside_o he_o ought_v to_o show_v why_o air_n insensible_o move_v deserve_v to_o be_v style_v wind_n and_o how_o it_o be_v possible_a such_o a_o wind_n shall_v raise_v water_n so_o many_o inch_n by_o press_v upon_o it_o nay_o further_o water_n pour_v into_o a_o bolt-head_n till_o it_o reach_v into_o the_o stem_n will_v subside_o when_o refrigerated_a and_o not_o rise_v and_o if_o the_o ball_n of_o a_o weatherglass_n be_v encompass_v with_o a_o mixture_n of_o ice_n or_o snow_n and_o salt_n the_o water_n will_v ready_o ascend_v which_o how_o it_o will_v be_v explain_v by_o mr._n hobbes_n hypothesis_n i_o do_v not_o see_v three_o mr._n hobbes_n allow_v not_o of_o a_o vacuum_n i_o wonder_v he_o shall_v tell_v we_o that_o by_o a_o bare_a pressure_n the_o water_n find_v no_o other_o place_n to_o recede_v into_o be_v force_v to_o rise_v into_o the_o shank_n of_o the_o weatherglass_n for_o since_o according_a to_o he_o the_o shank_n of_o the_o weatherglass_n must_v be_v full_a before_o i_o see_v not_o how_o it_o shall_v be_v able_a to_o receive_v the_o ascend_a water_n except_o to_o use_v mr._n hobbes_n own_o word_n it_o can_v be_v full_a than_o full_a beside_o it_o may_v be_v further_o allege_v against_o mr_n hobbes_n his_o doctrine_n that_o it_o give_v we_o no_o account_n of_o the_o condensation_n of_o the_o air_n by_o cold_a in_o weather-glass_n in_o which_o the_o water_n descend_v with_o cold_a and_o rise_v with_o heat_n four_o whereas_o mr._n hobbes_n in_o explain_v the_o depression_n of_o water_n in_o weather-glass_n attribute_n it_o sole_o to_o it_o be_v own_o gravity_n it_o will_v easy_o appear_v that_o we_o must_v likewise_o have_v recourse_n to_o the_o spring_n of_o the_o include_v air_n for_o if_o a_o thermometer_n be_v place_v in_o the_o sun_n when_o the_o water_n in_o the_o shank_n be_v but_o a_o little_a above_o the_o surface_n of_o the_o water_n without_o the_o tube_n the_o rarefy_v air_n will_v depress_v the_o surface_n of_o the_o water_n in_o the_o pipe_n below_o the_o other_o and_o sometime_o so_o far_o that_o some_o of_o the_o rarefy_v air_n make_v its_o way_n out_o of_o the_o pipe_n as_o soon_o as_o the_o remain_a air_n be_v refrigerated_a again_o the_o water_n will_v be_v able_a to_o rise_v up_o high_o into_o the_o tube_n than_o it_o do_v before_o examine_v a_o modern_a opinion_n examine_v the_o three_o and_o last_o opinion_n i_o shall_v consider_v be_v one_o hold_v by_o some_o modern_a naturalist_n which_o ascribe_v the_o ascent_n of_o the_o water_n to_o the_o pressure_n of_o the_o air_n gravitate_v upon_o the_o surface_n of_o that_o water_n without_o the_o pipe_n but_o suppose_v that_o the_o air_n contain_v in_o it_o be_v contract_v by_o cold_a alone_o as_o for_o the_o first_o part_n of_o this_o hypothesis_n i_o ready_o assent_v to_o it_o propose_v and_o the_o author_n be_v propose_v but_o be_o apt_a to_o believe_v that_o the_o contraction_n of_o the_o include_v air_n depend_v on_o the_o same_o cause_n and_o that_o the_o spring_n of_o it_o be_v weaken_v by_o cold_a it_o be_v condense_v by_o the_o same_o pressure_n of_o the_o atmosphere_n the_o weight_n of_o the_o external_n air_n overpower_v the_o weaken_a spring_n of_o the_o internal_a in_o favour_n of_o this_o opinion_n i_o shall_v add_v the_o follow_a experiment_n 5._o see_v plate_n 1_o fig._n 5._o and_o first_o have_v fill_v a_o vial_n capable_a of_o hold_v five_o or_o six_o ounce_n half_a full_a see_v plate_n 1_o fig._n 5._o and_o have_v invert_v a_o glass_n tube_n into_o it_o about_o 10_o inch_n long_o much_o big_a than_o a_o swan_n quill_n it_o be_v first_o seal_v at_o one_o end_n and_o fill_v with_o water_n the_o orifice_n of_o the_o vial_n be_v close_v with_o cement_n so_o that_o the_o external_n and_o internal_a air_n have_v no_o communication_n with_o each_o other_o it_o be_v place_v in_o a_o mixture_n of_o snow_n and_o salt_n till_o the_o water_n in_o the_o bottom_n of_o the_o vial_n begin_v to_o freeze_v yet_o notwithstanding_o so_o great_a a_o degree_n of_o refrigeration_n the_o water_n in_o the_o tube_n do_v not_o at_o all_o descend_v so_o that_o either_o the_o air_n be_v not_o condense_v by_o cold_a or_o the_o water_n descend_v not_o to_o prevent_v a_o vacuum_n the_o glass_n be_v leave_v in_o this_o posture_n in_o our_o absence_n the_o seal_a end_n of_o the_o pipe_n fly_v off_o be_v beat_v out_o by_o the_o intumescence_n of_o the_o freeze_a water_n have_v fix_v another_o pipe_n as_o the_o former_a which_o be_v some_o inch_n long_o and_o draw_v very_o slender_a at_o the_o seal_a end_n that_o it_o may_v easy_o be_v break_v this_o be_v set_v to_o freeze_v as_o the_o other_o yet_o the_o water_n descend_v not_o but_o as_o soon_o as_o the_o top_n of_o the_o glass-tube_n be_v break_v off_o the_o external_a air_n press_v upon_o the_o water_n and_o by_o the_o intercourse_n of_o that_o upon_o the_o air_n the_o water_n in_o the_o tube_n subside_v 8_o or_o 10_o inch_n but_o rise_v
snow_n to_o discover_v what_o liquor_n ice_n will_v be_v soon_o dissolve_v in_o we_o contrive_v to_o freeze_v water_n in_o a_o long_o cylinder_n which_o be_v loosen_v by_o apply_v a_o warm_a hand_n we_o divide_v some_o into_o piece_n ¼_n of_o a_o inch_n long_o and_o other_o into_o inch_n and_o our_o experiment_n be_v make_v with_o these_o cylindrical_a piece_n of_o ice_n in_o the_o first_o trial_n 1._o in_o oil_n of_o vitriol_n a_o cylindrical_a piece_n of_o ice_n of_o a_o inch_n in_o length_n last_v 5_o minute_n 2._o in_o spirit_n of_o wine_n 12_o minute_n 3._o in_o aqua_fw-la fortis_fw-la 12_o ½_n 4._o in_o water_n 12_o minute_n 5._o in_o oil_n of_o turpentine_n about_o 44_o minute_n 6._o in_o air_n 64_o minute_n the_o second_o trial_n 1._o in_o oil_n of_o vitriol_n a_o inch_n of_o cylindrical_a ice_n last_v undissolve_v 3_o minute_n 2._o in_o spirit_n of_o wine_n 13_o minute_n 3._o in_o water_n 26_o minute_n 4._o in_o oil_n of_o turpentine_n 47_o minute_n 5._o in_o salad-oil_n 52_o minute_n 6._o in_o air_n 152_o minute_n 2._o we_o likewise_o think_v it_o worth_a while_n to_o try_v what_o difference_n there_o will_v be_v in_o the_o duration_n of_o piece_n of_o ice_n of_o the_o same_o bulk_n and_o figure_n but_o of_o different_a liquor_n as_o also_o whether_o attrition_n will_v contribute_v to_o the_o dissolution_n of_o ice_n which_o iobserved_a it_o do_v whence_o it_o appear_v that_o as_o the_o agent_n contiguous_a to_o ice_n be_v different_a they_o dissolve_v its_o texture_n soon_o or_o late_a and_o if_o snow_n or_o ice_n be_v keep_v in_o a_o place_n where_o neither_o the_o sun_n nor_o the_o air_n have_v much_o influence_n upon_o it_o it_o will_v continue_v a_o long_a time_n a_o appendix_n to_o the_o xvi_o title_n 1._o in_o confirmation_n of_o what_o be_v say_v in_o the_o close_a of_o this_o title_n i_o shall_v add_v the_o follow_a account_n of_o the_o italian_a conservatory_n send_v i_o by_o my_o ingenious_a friend_n mr._n j._n evelyn_n the_o snow-pit_n in_o italy_n etc._n etc._n be_v sink_v in_o the_o most_o solitary_a and_o cool_v place_n common_o at_o the_o foot_n of_o some_o mountain_n or_o elevate_a ground_n which_o may_v best_o protect_v they_o from_o the_o meridional_a or_o occidental_a sun_n 25_o foot_n wide_a at_o the_o orifice_n and_o about_o 50_o deep_a be_v esteem_v a_o competent_a proportion_n and_o though_o this_o be_v excavate_v in_o a_o conical_a form_n yet_o it_o be_v make_v flat_a at_o the_o bottom_n or_o point_n the_o side_n of_o the_o pit_n be_v so_o joyce_v that_o board_n may_v be_v nail_v upon_o they_o very_o close_o joint_v about_o a_o yard_n from_o the_o bottom_n be_v fix_v a_o strong_a frame_n or_o tresle_n upon_o which_o lie_v a_o wooden_a grate_n the_o top_n or_o cover_n be_v double_a thatch_a with_o reed_n or_o straw_n upon_o a_o copped_a frame_n or_o roof_n in_o one_o of_o the_o side_n whereof_o be_v a_o narrow_a door-case_n hip_v on_o like_o the_o top_n of_o the_o dormer_n and_o thatch_a to_o conserve_v snow_n they_o lay_v clean_a straw_n upon_o the_o grate_n or_o wattle_v so_o as_o to_o keep_v the_o snow_n from_o run_v through_o whilst_o they_o beat_v it_o to_o a_o hard_a cake_n of_o a_o icy_a consistence_n which_o be_v near_o one_o foot_n thick_a upon_o this_o they_o make_v a_o layer_n of_o straw_n and_o then_o snow_n and_o straw_n again_o and_o continue_v s.s.s._n till_o the_o pit_n be_v full_a and_o then_o lay_v straw_n or_o reed_n upon_o all_o they_o keep_v the_o door_n lock_v this_o grate_n be_v so_o contrive_v that_o the_o snow_n melt_v by_o any_o accident_n in_o lay_v or_o extraordinary_a season_n of_o wether_n it_o may_v drain_v away_o from_o the_o mass_n and_o sink_v without_o stagnate_n upon_o it_o which_o will_v accelerate_v the_o dissolution_n and_o therefore_o the_o bottom_n be_v but_o very_o slight_o steen_v etc._n etc._n 2._o and_o it_o have_v be_v observe_v by_o the_o dutchman_n in_o their_o voyage_n to_o nova_n zembla_n that_o in_o june_n the_o sun_n be_v not_o powerful_a enough_o to_o melt_v snow_n and_o even_o in_o warm_a climate_n where_o the_o reflection_n of_o the_o sunbeam_n be_v not_o so_o considerable_a snow_n continue_v unthaw_v all_o summer_n as_o upon_o the_o top_n of_o the_o alps_o and_o other_o high_a mountain_n and_o capt._n james_n observe_v that_o in_o august_n ice_n that_o be_v keep_v in_o the_o sunbeam_n continue_v unmelted_a 8_o day_n or_o more_o and_o the_o same_o author_n observe_v that_o the_o very_a ground_n be_v freeze_v in_o june_n title_n xvii_o consideration_n and_o experiment_n concern_v the_o primum_fw-la frigidum_fw-la frigidum_fw-la of_o the_o primum_fw-la frigidum_fw-la 1._o tho_o several_a sect_n of_o philosopher_n have_v dispute_v about_o a_o primum_fw-la frigidum_fw-la some_o contend_v for_o earth_n other_o water_n other_o air_n and_o another_o sect_n for_o nitre_n yet_o i_o be_o apt_a to_o believe_v that_o there_o be_v no_o such_o thing_n as_o a_o primum_fw-la frigidum_fw-la or_o 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d in_o which_o that_o quality_n principal_o reside_v and_o from_o whence_o all_o other_o body_n derive_v they_o no_o more_o than_o that_o there_o be_v a_o 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d or_o principle_n subject_a of_o residence_n for_o any_o other_o quality_n for_o if_o a_o intense_a degree_n of_o motion_n among_o the_o minute_n part_v of_o a_o body_n be_v sufficient_a to_o give_v it_o the_o quality_n of_o heat_n it_o may_v be_v enough_o to_o render_v a_o body_n cold_a that_o that_o motion_n be_v diminish_v upon_o a_o removal_n of_o its_o cause_n so_o that_o it_o may_v be_v doubt_v whether_o cold_a be_v a_o positive_a or_o a_o privative_a quality_n frigidum_fw-la the_o earth_n not_o the_o primum_fw-la frigidum_fw-la 2._o indeed_o plutarch_n suppose_v the_o earth_n to_o be_v the_o summum_fw-la frigidum_fw-la but_o we_o daily_o see_v that_o it_o be_v freeze_v by_o the_o contiguous_a air_n communicate_v cold_a to_o it_o and_z by_o the_o interposition_n of_o another_o body_n may_v easy_o be_v preserve_v from_o that_o so_o the_o salt-works_a upon_o the_o marsh_n of_o the_o island_n xaintonge_n in_o france_n be_v preserve_v from_o the_o damage_n the_o frost_n will_v do_v they_o by_o let_v in_o water_n by_o sluice_n to_o overflow_v they_o beside_o be_v the_o earth_n the_o summum_fw-la frigidum_fw-la it_o may_v just_o be_v wonder_v why_o it_o congeal_v not_o the_o water_n contiguous_a to_o it_o soon_o than_o hail_v or_o snow_n in_o the_o air_n since_o terrene_a part_n of_o matter_n can_v be_v bring_v thither_o without_o some_o cause_n able_a to_o elevate_v they_o and_o perhaps_o to_o alter_v the_o quality_n of_o they_o not_o to_o mention_v those_o vulcano_n which_v argue_v the_o earth_n to_o abound_v with_o subterraneal_a fire_n and_o that_o in_o several_a place_n where_o there_o be_v no_o such_o vulcano_n as_o in_o deep_a mine_n those_o that_o work_v there_o find_v it_o very_o hot_a and_o troublesome_a and_o in_o deep_a well_n it_o be_v observe_v that_o the_o water_n be_v so_o far_o from_o be_v freeze_v that_o it_o come_v up_o reak_a hot_a which_o can_v be_v suppose_v to_o proceed_v from_o the_o beam_n of_o the_o sun_n since_o it_o have_v be_v observe_v by_o mounseur_fw-fr de_fw-fr clave_n livre_fw-fr 11._o chap._n 8._o that_o in_o the_o southern_a country_n the_o heat_n of_o the_o sun_n penetrate_v not_o above_o six_o or_o seven_o foot_n deep_a and_o the_o subterraneal_a part_n be_v so_o far_o from_o be_v extreme_o cold_a that_o it_o be_v observe_v by_o miner_n that_o the_o low_a they_o dig_v the_o more_o vapour_n exhalation_n and_o heat_v they_o find_v and_o jo._n baptista_n morinus_n witness_n that_o in_o mine_n in_o hungary_n four_o hundred_o fathom_n deep_a after_o the_o descent_n of_o 80_o fathom_n it_o be_v always_o hot_a but_o whether_o these_o may_v proceed_v from_o subterraneal_a fire_n or_o a_o mixture_n of_o other_o body_n i_o shall_v not_o determine_v since_o i_o have_v see_v body_n actual_o cold_a mix_v together_o produce_v heat_n and_o i_o be_o tell_v that_o in_o some_o part_n of_o england_n they_o dig_v up_o a_o mineral_n which_o upon_o a_o addition_n of_o water_n only_o become_v hot_a and_o for_o a_o like_a reason_n perhaps_o those_o heat_n in_o the_o hungarian_a mine_n may_v be_v cause_v for_o that_o mineral_n steam_n ascend_v be_v evident_a since_o they_o have_v be_v observe_v in_o a_o perpendicular_a groave_fw-it not_o only_o to_o stinkâ—_n but_o by_o their_o corrosive_a quality_n to_o corrode_v the_o wooden_a ladder_n and_o morinus_n himself_o tell_v we_o that_o descend_v into_o the_o golden_a mine_n at_o cremnitz_n the_o heat_n increase_v extreme_o as_o he_o descend_v which_o they_o attribute_v to_o a_o mine_n of_o smaragdine_n vitriol_n which_o lie_v under_o it_o of_o which_o kind_n of_o vitriol_n there_o be_v some_o even_o in_o the_o cold_a
learned_a maignan_n sufficient_a to_o balance_v what_o zucchius_n have_v deliver_v and_o therefore_o i_o shall_v deliver_v it_o in_o the_o author_n word_n expertus_fw-la ego_fw-la sum_fw-la say_v he_o thermometro_n fidelissimo_fw-la &_o a_o praecedente_fw-la hyeme_fw-fr in_fw-la sequentem_fw-la aestatem_fw-la prorsus_fw-la invariato_fw-it instructo_fw-la etiam_fw-la tali_fw-la aqua_fw-la nempe_fw-la in_o hoc_fw-la ipsum_fw-la ex_fw-la praescripto_fw-la trebellii_n ita_fw-la comparata_fw-la ut_fw-la non_fw-la exhaletur_fw-la neque_fw-la minuatur_fw-la expertus_fw-la inquam_fw-la sum_fw-la in_fw-la supradictis_fw-la optimis_fw-la cellis_fw-la vinariis_fw-la maximum_fw-la quod_fw-la ardentissima_fw-la aestate_fw-la fuit_fw-la frigus_fw-la non_fw-la adaequasse_fw-la illud_fw-la quod_fw-la ibidem_fw-la erat_fw-la brumali_fw-la tempore_fw-la ut_fw-la dixi_fw-la si_fw-la quidem_fw-la in_o tubo_fw-la vitrei_fw-la thermometri_n quatuor_fw-la circiter_fw-la palmos_fw-la longos_fw-la &_o in_fw-la octo_fw-la gradus_fw-la graduumque_fw-la minuta_fw-la diviso_fw-la aqua_fw-la hyeme_n ascendit_fw-la ad_fw-la gradus_fw-la 7_o cum_fw-la semisse_fw-la aestate_fw-la autem_fw-la vix_fw-la gradum_fw-la sextum_fw-la superavit_fw-la cùm_fw-la tamen_fw-la ad_fw-la sensum_fw-la multò_fw-la magis_fw-la vigerat_fw-la frigus_fw-la istud_fw-la aestivum_fw-la chap._n vii_o a_o examination_n of_o mr._n hobbes_n doctrine_n of_o cold._n cold._n mr._n hobbes_n doctrine_n of_o cold._n mr._n hobbes_n in_o his_o doctrine_n of_o cold_a tell_v we_o that_o the_o air_n be_v put_v into_o a_o expansive_a motion_n by_o the_o beam_n of_o the_o sun_n it_o be_v beat_v down_o upon_o the_o surface_n of_o the_o earth_n where_o find_v a_o resistance_n below_o it_o spread_v itself_o every_o way_n towards_o the_o pole_n and_o as_o the_o parallel_n circle_n grow_v close_o towards_o the_o pole_n so_o the_o air_n be_v straighten_a and_o more_o condense_a cause_n a_o great_a degree_n of_o cold._n to_o which_o he_o add_v that_o as_o the_o air_n move_v betwixt_o these_o paraller_n it_o rake_n upon_o the_o surface_n of_o water_n more_o or_o less_o as_o the_o air_n be_v more_o or_o less_o straighten_a by_o which_o mean_v the_o water_n not_o only_o tend_v towards_o its_o centre_n by_o its_o own_o gravity_n but_o be_v also_o condense_v by_o the_o rakeing_n pressure_n of_o the_o air_n the_o surface_n of_o it_o be_v first_o congeal_v and_o then_o it_o gradual_o descend_v and_o for_o a_o like_a reason_n when_o water_n be_v immerse_v in_o snow_n and_o salt_n the_o mixture_n melt_v those_o very_a part_n which_o lodge_v in_o the_o pore_n of_o it_o they_o rake_v against_o the_o side_n of_o the_o glass_n give_v it_o such_o a_o motion_n as_o when_o communicate_v to_o the_o water_n contain_v in_o it_o cause_v it_o to_o congeal_v and_o for_o a_o reason_n not_o unlike_o the_o former_a the_o particle_n of_o air_n contain_v in_o cloud_n be_v in_o their_o descent_n squeeze_v out_o rake_v the_o drop_n of_o water_n in_o their_o passage_n and_o so_o harden_v they_o and_o the_o reason_n why_o serene_a weather_n be_v cold_o than_o rainy_a weather_n he_o say_v be_v because_o the_o force_n of_o the_o wind_n be_v break_v and_o dissipate_v by_o the_o fall_a drop_n which_o reason_n he_o likewise_o allege_v why_o water_n in_o wells_n be_v not_o freeze_v the_o wind_n not_o be_v able_a to_o beat_v strong_o enough_o upon_o the_o surface_n of_o the_o water_n and_o as_o for_o the_o reason_n why_o ice_n be_v light_a than_o water_n he_o attribute_n it_o to_o airy_a particle_n force_v into_o it_o whilst_o it_o be_v congeal_v but_o it_o may_v easy_o be_v urge_v against_o this_o doctrine_n examine_v examine_v that_o all_o congeal_a liquor_n instead_o of_o have_v their_o part_n press_v inward_o and_o so_o condense_v manifest_o expand_v upon_o congelation_n and_o as_o for_o animal_n body_n such_o a_o inward_a endeavour_n of_o the_o humour_n as_o his_o doctrine_n suppose_v be_v not_o requisite_a to_o produce_v a_o sensation_n of_o cold_a since_o a_o decrease_n of_o the_o motion_n of_o the_o fluid_n about_o our_o sensory_n or_o a_o impulse_n make_v upon_o the_o sensitive_a part_n by_o some_o alteration_n in_o the_o motion_n of_o the_o blood_n and_o spirit_n or_o a_o turbulent_a motion_n of_o some_o excrementitious_a particle_n hinder_v from_o fly_v away_o be_v sufficient_a so_o some_o hysterick_n woman_n perceive_v a_o coldness_n on_o the_o top_n of_o their_o head_n and_o the_o vertebra_n when_o they_o be_v otherwise_o hot_a and_o avicen_n tell_v we_o that_o the_o bite_n of_o some_o viper_n in_o hot_a country_n cause_v a_o sensation_n of_o cold_a and_o i_o know_v a_o noble_a man_n who_o feel_v a_o extraordinary_a coldness_n upon_o he_o when_o he_o be_v seize_v with_o a_o fit_a of_o the_o stone_n and_o a_o inward_a compression_n of_o the_o part_n of_o a_o body_n be_v so_o far_o from_o be_v sufficient_a to_o produce_v cold_a that_o compression_n in_o some_o body_n produce_v heat_n but_o to_o examine_v what_o he_o assign_v as_o the_o grand_a cause_n of_o cold_a viz._n wind_n which_o according_a to_o he_o be_v air_n move_v in_o a_o considerable_a quantity_n and_o that_o either_o forward_o only_a or_o in_o a_o undulate_a motion_n but_o against_o this_o doctrine_n i_o have_v several_a thing_n to_o offer_v and_o first_o that_o several_a frost_n be_v begin_v and_o continue_v when_o the_o wind_n be_v serene_a and_o calm_a and_o that_o a_o gentle_a north-east-wind_n be_v much_o cold_o than_o a_o boisterous_a southerly_a wind._n second_o that_o the_o wind_n which_o issue_v out_o of_o a_o aeolopile_n be_v not_o cold_a but_o hot_a though_o it_o move_v more_o violent_o than_o the_o wind_n which_o be_v blow_v from_o the_o mouth_n three_o we_o have_v make_v it_o appear_v that_o water_n will_v freeze_v though_o seal_v up_o in_o a_o glass_n and_o though_o that_o glass_n be_v enclose_v in_o another_o so_o that_o the_o wind_n can_v beat_v upon_o it_o and_o even_o a_o egg_n freeze_v will_v be_v crust_v over_o with_o ice_n when_o suspend_v in_o water_n so_o that_o the_o external_n air_n can_v effect_v it_o and_o though_o he_o tell_v we_o that_o all_o wind_n produce_v cold_a prosper_v alpinus_n in_o his_o medicina_fw-la aegyptiorum_n acquaint_v we_o that_o he_o have_v find_v the_o wind_n in_o those_o torrid_a region_n insufferable_o hot_a and_o marcus_n paulus_n venetus_n tell_v we_o that_o the_o wind_n near_o ormus_n have_v be_v so_o hot_a as_o to_o destroy_v a_o army_n of_o man_n at_o once_o and_o though_o some_o wind_n put_v into_o motion_n feel_v cold_a yet_o that_o depend_v on_o the_o predisposition_n of_o our_o sensory_n and_o the_o deep_a penetration_n of_o that_o fluid_a into_o the_o pore_n of_o the_o body_n in_o respect_n of_o which_o it_o have_v a_o comparative_a coldness_n and_o that_o it_o be_v but_o a_o comparative_a coldness_n be_v evident_a since_o the_o same_o wind_n blow_v upon_o a_o weatherglass_n affect_v it_o not_o at_o all_o except_o sometime_o by_o accident_n when_o by_o that_o mean_n some_o calorifick_a atom_n swim_v in_o the_o air_n be_v drive_v away_o by_o it_o and_o though_o mr._n hobbes_n tell_v we_o that_o all_o wind_n cool_v by_o diminish_v former_a heat_n yet_o we_o see_v that_o water_n actual_o cold_a become_v still_o cold_o by_o freeze_v where_o the_o heat_n can_v be_v say_v to_o be_v diminish_v in_o a_o body_n actual_o cold_a before_o but_o to_o proceed_v though_o mr._n hobbes_n say_v that_o wind_n be_v generate_v upon_o the_o surface_n of_o the_o earth_n by_o the_o action_n of_o the_o sun_n yet_o he_o tell_v we_o not_o how_o that_o wind_n must_v produce_v cold_a nor_o do_v the_o motion_n of_o it_o towards_o the_o pole_n help_v the_o matter_n since_o we_o have_v show_v that_o motion_n in_o itself_o be_v not_o sufficient_a to_o produce_v cold_a and_o shall_v he_o say_v that_o the_o coldness_n be_v derive_v from_o the_o mixture_n of_o freeze_a vapour_n in_o its_o passage_n than_o those_o steam_n will_v rather_o be_v take_v for_o the_o cause_n of_o cold_a than_o the_o wind_n and_o then_o i_o shall_v ask_v he_o whence_o the_o coldness_n of_o those_o cold_a vapour_n proceed_v beside_o since_o in_o his_o account_n of_o the_o freeze_a of_o water_n he_o say_v the_o part_n of_o the_o freeze_a water_n will_v be_v raise_v in_o congelation_n i_o see_v not_o how_o it_o will_v happen_v since_o oil_n and_o several_a other_o liquor_n be_v contract_v by_o it_o and_o i_o have_v not_o yet_o see_v any_o one_o instance_n in_o which_o water_n be_v ever_o congeal_v by_o a_o compression_n since_o when_o we_o enclose_v water_n in_o a_o pewter-bottle_n and_o beat_v the_o side_n of_o it_o together_o till_o the_o water_n make_v its_o way_n out_o we_o perceive_v not_o that_o that_o powerful_a compression_n have_v in_o the_o least_o incline_v the_o water_n to_o congelation_n and_o though_o we_o shall_v allow_v that_o the_o superficial_a part_n of_o the_o water_n may_v be_v freeze_v as_o mr._n hobbes_n tell_v we_o yet_o i_o see_v not_o how_o the_o air_n can_v beat_v upon_o
or_o rarefaction_n of_o air_n increase_v not_o the_o positive_a levity_n of_o air_n we_o suspend_v a_o bladder_n half_n full_a of_o air_n with_o a_o counterpoise_n at_o a_o balance_n in_o our_o receiver_n and_o though_o when_o the_o air_n be_v exhaust_v the_o bladder_n be_v sufficient_o distend_v yet_o it_o seem_v to_o retain_v the_o same_o weight_n whether_o dilate_a or_o contract_v chap._n iii_o new_a experiment_n concern_v a_o effect_n of_o the_o vary_a weight_n of_o the_o atmosphere_n upon_o some_o body_n in_o the_o water_n communicate_v in_o the_o transaction_n of_o feb._n 24.1672_o 3._o water_n of_o the_o effect_n of_o the_o differ_a weight_n of_o the_o atmosphere_n on_o body_n under_o water_n consider_v that_o the_o pore_n of_o most_o liquor_n be_v plentiful_o stock_v with_o airy_a particle_n and_o that_o upon_o that_o account_n the_o atmosphere_n may_v according_a to_o its_o several_a degree_n of_o weight_n have_v considerable_a effect_n on_o they_o i_o cause_v three_o small_a glass-bubble_n with_o slender_a stem_n to_o be_v blow_v which_o be_v so_o equal_o poise_v in_o water_n by_o their_o weight_n that_o a_o little_a thing_n will_v make_v they_o emerge_n or_o sink_v and_o i_o observe_v that_o these_o be_v put_v into_o water_n contain_v in_o a_o wide-mouthed_a glass_n sometime_o they_o will_v emerge_n and_o sometime_o subside_o and_o sometime_o emerge_n again_o as_o the_o atmosphere_n vary_a in_o weight_n or_o degree_n of_o heat_n and_o cold._n and_o it_o be_v easy_a to_o observe_v that_o when_o the_o heat_n of_o the_o air_n raise_v one_o of_o these_o bubble_n the_o heat_n of_o the_o sunbeam_n will_v so_o rarisie_n the_o water_n include_v in_o they_o as_o to_o cause_v some_o of_o it_o to_o get_v out_o upon_o which_o the_o bubble_n emerge_v but_o when_o those_o beam_n be_v intercept_v the_o water_n be_v condense_v and_o get_v into_o the_o bubble_n again_o it_o will_v subside_o but_o when_o their_o subside_v depend_v on_o the_o weight_n of_o the_o atmosphere_n if_o the_o mercury_n in_o the_o baroscope_n stand_v high_a the_o heat_n of_o the_o sun_n will_v not_o raise_v the_o bubble_n n._n b._n 1._o that_o the_o bubble_n not_o be_v all_o equal_o poise_v sometime_o one_o and_o sometime_o two_o will_v rise_v as_o the_o air_n be_v heavy_a or_o light_a and_o consequent_o capable_a of_o affect_v the_o light_a only_a or_o all_o 2._o the_o success_n do_v not_o always_o answer_v for_o when_o the_o subside_v depend_v on_o some_o occult_a cause_n they_o will_v continue_v there_o as_o if_o some_o airy_a part_n have_v insinuate_v themselves_o into_o the_o water_n 3._o the_o fit_a time_n for_o these_o experiment_n and_o in_o which_o they_o best_o succeed_v be_v in_o the_o spring_n the_o air_n be_v more_o subject_a to_o vary_v in_o its_o weight_n as_o well_o as_o other_o thing_n chap._n iu._n new_a experiment_n about_o the_o differ_a pressure_n of_o heavy_a solid_n and_o fluid_n fluid_n of_o the_o different_a pressure_n of_o solid_n and_o fluid_n one_o great_a reason_n why_o some_o learned_a man_n believe_v that_o the_o air_n have_v no_o such_o a_o considerable_a pressure_n on_o subjacent_a body_n as_o we_o teach_v be_v because_o they_o think_v it_o will_v be_v too_o heavy_a for_o animal_n body_n to_o live_v or_o move_v under_o it_o but_o since_o we_o have_v positive_a proof_n of_o it_o we_o may_v as_o well_o doubt_v whether_o the_o loadstone_n be_v endue_v with_o a_o attract_v and_o other_o virtue_n because_o we_o can_v understand_v how_o they_o be_v perform_v beside_o man_n be_v bear_v under_o such_o a_o pressure_n their_o body_n seem_v not_o only_a accustom_a to_o it_o but_o proportionable_o strong_a but_o can_v we_o suppose_v a_o man_n bear_v somewhere_o without_o the_o incumbent_a weight_n of_o a_o atmosphere_n doubtless_o such_o body_n will_v not_o be_v so_o able_a as_o we_o to_o resist_v its_o pressure_n but_o it_o be_v urge_v by_o some_o that_o be_v there_o such_o a_o pressure_n of_o the_o atmosphere_n it_o will_v cause_v pain_n but_o to_o this_o it_o may_v likewise_o be_v answer_v that_o our_o body_n be_v from_o the_o birth_n accustom_v to_o it_o we_o only_o feel_v pain_n upon_o some_o new_a unaccustomed_a and_o additional_a pressure_n so_o when_o we_o be_v accustom_v to_o wear_v heavy_a clothes_n we_o be_v not_o sensible_a of_o their_o weight_n nor_o be_v we_o sensible_a of_o the_o heat_n of_o the_o blood_n in_o our_o heart_n because_o it_o be_v habitual_a to_o those_o part_n whereas_o if_o our_o finger_n be_v put_v into_o the_o heart_n of_o a_o new_o dissect_a animal_n we_o shall_v find_v it_o sensible_o hot_a but_o further_a from_o what_o i_o have_v elsewhere_o lay_v down_o it_o appear_v that_o a_o cubick_a inch_n of_o air_n will_v be_v able_a to_o resist_v the_o weight_n of_o the_o whole_a incumbent_a atmosphere_n and_o that_o a_o little_a quantity_n of_o air_n resist_v a_o further_a compression_n as_o well_o as_o a_o great_a and_o i_o have_v likewise_o show_v that_o the_o pore_n of_o the_o part_n of_o animal_n whether_o fluid_a or_o consistent_a be_v plentiful_o stock_v with_o numerous_a aerial_a bubble_n which_o cause_n those_o body_n to_o swell_v or_o expand_v in_o our_o exhaust_a receiver_n and_o as_o for_o those_o membranous_a and_o fibrous_a part_n which_o be_v not_o altogether_o so_o porous_a they_o be_v of_o so_o strong_a and_o firm_a a_o texture_n as_o to_o resist_v external_a pressure_n upon_o that_o account_n beside_o there_o be_v a_o great_a deal_n of_o difference_n betwixt_o the_o partial_a pressure_n of_o a_o solid_a body_n and_o the_o pressure_n of_o a_o ambient_fw-la fluid_fw-la which_o press_v uniform_o and_o be_v resist_v either_o by_o the_o solidity_n of_o the_o part_n or_o the_o spring_n of_o those_o airy_a particle_n contain_v within_o their_o pore_n and_o that_o the_o uniformness_n of_o the_o pressure_n make_v it_o less_o sensible_a be_v evident_a since_o it_o have_v be_v observe_v that_o though_o the_o atmosphere_n be_v so_o much_o light_a upon_o the_o top_n of_o some_o high_a mountain_n as_o not_o to_o elevate_v mercury_n so_o high_a in_o a_o baroscope_n by_o three_o inch_n as_o at_o the_o bottom_n yet_o those_o that_o have_v be_v upon_o those_o mountain_n tell_v we_o that_o they_o perceive_v no_o considerable_a difference_n in_o the_o pressure_n of_o the_o atmosphere_n above_o and_o below_o nor_o be_v miner_n sensible_a of_o any_o great_a weight_n upon_o they_o though_o in_o deep_a mine_n in_o mountainous_a country_n nor_o be_v divers_a sensible_a of_o any_o pressure_n when_o under_o water_n but_o that_o air_n weigh_v in_o air_n and_o that_o water_n weigh_v in_o water_n i_o have_v elsewhere_o make_v it_o evident_a yet_o i_o do_v think_v that_o a_o diver_n be_v violent_o depress_v by_o the_o weight_n of_o the_o incumbent_a water_n since_o from_o what_o we_o have_v elsewhere_o deliver_v it_o appear_v that_o if_o a_o man_n body_n be_v of_o a_o equal_a specific_a gravity_n with_o the_o water_n the_o subjacent_a water_n will_v sustain_v he_o but_o his_o body_n be_v heavy_a than_o a_o equal_a bulk_n of_o water_n the_o surplusage_n of_o weight_n depress_n it_o for_o which_o reason_n in_o some_o sea-water_n which_o be_v near_o of_o the_o same_o specific_a gravity_n with_o their_o body_n divers_a find_v it_o very_o difficult_a to_o dive_v however_o it_o be_v not_o a_o little_a strange_a that_o at_o so_o great_a a_o depth_n as_o one_o hundred_o fathom_n divers_n shall_v not_o perceive_v a_o sensible_a pressure_n especial_o upon_o their_o thorax_n and_o abdomen_fw-la but_o i_o be_o apt_a to_o believe_v that_o the_o inadvertency_n of_o some_o of_o they_o rather_o than_o any_o thing_n else_o make_v they_o not_o take_v notice_n of_o it_o or_o else_o the_o haste_n which_o they_o rise_v and_o sink_v in_o since_o i_o have_v be_v tell_v by_o some_o that_o they_o have_v perceive_v a_o manifest_a pressure_n when_o they_o sink_v leisurely_o and_o i_o be_v likewise_o tell_v by_o another_o that_o when_o he_o descend_v a_o great_a depth_n under_o water_n the_o blood_n be_v squeeze_v out_o of_o his_o nose_n and_o eye_n and_o another_o who_o dive_v in_o a_o leathern-case_n tell_v i_o that_o it_o be_v so_o much_o press_v against_o his_o thorax_n and_o belly_n that_o he_o be_v force_v sudden_o to_o come_v up_o again_o but_o since_o these_o relation_n be_v not_o altogether_o to_o be_v rely_v on_o i_o shall_v endeavour_v to_o give_v a_o reason_n why_o the_o pressure_n be_v no_o more_o sensible_a which_o i_o take_v to_o be_v the_o strong_a texture_n of_o a_o human_a body_n and_o the_o uniformity_n of_o the_o pressure_n as_o to_o the_o first_o to_o what_o i_o have_v say_v of_o the_o resistance_n make_v by_o our_o body_n to_o external_a pressure_n i_o shall_v only_o add_v that_o a_o bladder_n be_v tie_v upon_o the_o end_n of_o a_o cylinder_n about_o a_o inch_n in_o diameter_n
of_o stuff_n be_v choir_n drain_v of_o its_o ore_n and_o lay_v on_o a_o heap_n in_o the_o air_n in_o thirty_o year_n it_o afford_v metal_n again_o and_o the_o same_o gentleman_n tell_v i_o that_o have_v cause_v the_o water_n which_o wash_v the_o earth_n away_o from_o the_o ore_n to_o lay_v down_o that_o earth_n by_o stop_v the_o current_n of_o it_o till_o its_o own_o weight_n make_v it_o subside_o that_o earth_n be_v twelve_o year_n expose_v to_o the_o air_n yield_v a_o good_a quantity_n of_o metal_n and_o relation_n agreeable_a to_o these_o i_o have_v receive_v from_o another_o lead_n of_o the_o growth_n of_o lead_n it_o have_v be_v observe_v that_o lead_v over_o clear_v of_o its_o metal_n and_o lay_v in_o heap_n for_o some_o year_n yield_v metal_n a_o second_o time_n and_o j._n gerhard_n in_o decade_n questionum_fw-la p._n m._n 22._o say_v fessularum_fw-la mons_fw-la in_o hetruria_n florentiae_fw-la civitati_fw-la imminens_fw-la lapides_fw-la plumbarios_fw-la habet_fw-la qui_fw-la si_fw-la excidantur_fw-la brevi_fw-la temporis_fw-la spatio_fw-la novis_fw-la incrementis_fw-la instaurantur_fw-la and_o agricola_n speak_v of_o the_o growth_n of_o mine_n in_o general_a testify_v the_o same_o but_o i_o be_o tell_v that_o this_o happen_v not_o in_o all_o mine_n and_o though_o it_o be_v believe_v that_o the_o reason_n why_o the_o passage_n into_o some_o mine_n grow_v narrow_a be_v to_o be_v attribute_v to_o the_o growth_n of_o the_o metal_n yet_o i_o be_o apt_a to_o believe_v that_o it_o may_v be_v cause_v by_o the_o powerful_a expansion_n of_o some_o freeze_a water_n in_o the_o earth_n that_o encompass_n those_o passage_n and_o whereas_o it_o be_v urge_v as_o a_o argument_n of_o the_o growth_n of_o metal_n that_o lead_n increase_v its_o weight_n by_o be_v expose_v to_o the_o air_n on_o the_o top_n of_o church_n yet_o i_o be_o incline_v to_o believe_v that_o it_o rather_o proceed_v from_o a_o ceruse_n form_v by_o corrosive_a part_n unite_n with_o the_o part_n of_o the_o corrode_v metal_n and_o chief_o for_o this_o reason_n viz._n because_o i_o have_v observe_v that_o the_o wood_n which_o lie_v about_o that_o lead_n abound_v with_o a_o acid_n spirit_n capable_a of_o corrode_a lead_n and_o that_o when_o they_o have_v be_v long_o expose_v to_o this_o acid_n a_o white_a lead_n may_v be_v scrape_v off_o better_a than_o the_o common_a ceruse_n and_o this_o be_v find_v on_o that_o side_n the_o lead_n which_o be_v next_o the_o wood_n and_o not_o on_o that_o expose_v to_o the_o outward_a air._n and_o i_o have_v observe_v that_o even_o alabaster_n and_o white_a marble_n will_v yield_v a_o acid_n spirit_n so_o that_o we_o question_v whether_o lead_v fix_v to_o the_o foot_n of_o statue_n may_v not_o by_o the_o help_n of_o that_o acquire_v a_o great_a bulk_n and_o increase_v of_o weight_n iron_n of_o the_o growth_n of_o iron_n we_o be_v tell_v not_o only_o by_o pliny_n and_o srabo_n but_o fallopius_n and_o caessalpinus_n that_o in_o the_o island_n of_o elva_n not_o far_o from_o the_o coast_n of_o tuscany_n iron_n have_v be_v observe_v to_o grow_v and_o agricola_n atte_v the_o like_a to_o be_v observe_v in_o germany_n and_o johan_n gerherd_n tell_v we_o that_o he_o be_v inform_v that_o not_o far_o from_o amberga_n the_o ore_n expose_v to_o the_o air_n for_o some_o time_n in_o heap_n require_v metalline_a part_n silver_n of_o the_o growth_n of_o silver_n i_o have_v be_v tell_v that_o silver_n grow_v in_o the_o form_n of_o vegetable_n and_o in_o a_o voyage_n to_o pern_n i_o find_v the_o follow_a relation_n viz._n that_o in_o the_o mine_n of_o potosi_n it_o be_v observe_v that_o earth_n that_o be_v dug_n out_o of_o the_o grooves_n and_o shaft_n and_o throw_v aside_o have_v such_o a_o propensity_n to_o the_o production_n of_o metal_n that_o after_o some_o year_n it_o will_v yield_v metal_n gold_n of_o the_o growth_n of_o gold_n though_o there_o be_v no_o gold_n to_o be_v find_v on_o the_o coast_n of_o guyny_n in_o congo_n and_o other_o part_n of_o africa_n where_o writer_n mention_v it_o to_o be_v find_v yet_o i_o be_o tell_v that_o in_o hungary_n the_o master_n of_o that_o famous_a gold_n mine_n of_o cremnitz_n have_v observe_v that_o the_o whole_a mountain_n abound_v with_o particle_n of_o gold_n and_o that_o when_o they_o have_v clear_v a_o great_a deal_n of_o the_o soil_n in_o one_o place_n of_o its_o metalline_a part_n they_o throw_v it_o into_o the_o hole_n again_o and_o observe_v that_o in_o a_o little_a time_n it_o will_v yield_v gold_n as_o before_o and_o johan_n gerherd_n give_v we_o a_o instance_n of_o the_o growth_n of_o gold_n in_o germany_n postscript_n dr._n brown_n tell_v we_o that_o he_o observe_v the_o passage_n in_o several_a mine_n grow_v up_o especial_o in_o moist_a place_n and_o that_o the_o yellow_a soil_n near_o cremnitz_n yield_v some_o gold_n whether_o the_o increase_n of_o metal_n depend_v on_o the_o influence_n of_o the_o air_n or_o some_o other_o cause_n till_o further_a and_o more_o strict_a observation_n have_v be_v make_v i_o shall_v not_o undertake_v to_o determine_v but_o shall_v only_o add_v that_o a_o marchasite_n have_v be_v shut_v up_o in_o vacuo_fw-la it_o acquire_v a_o vitriolate_a efforescence_n betwixt_o blue_a and_o green_a chap._n x._o a_o hydrostatical_a way_n of_o estimate_v oar_n estimate_v oar_n hydrostatical_o estimate_v to_o help_v i_o to_o make_v a_o estimate_n of_o the_o proportion_n of_o metalline_a or_o the_o mineral_n ingredient_n of_o body_n i_o weigh_v a_o piece_n of_o rock-crystal_n or_o white_a marble_n first_o in_o air_n and_o then_o in_o water_n by_o which_o i_o find_v that_o its_o weight_n to_o a_o equal_a bulk_n of_o water_n be_v as_o 2_o ¾_n to_o 1_o or_o as_o 11_o to_z 4_o and_o then_o by_o weigh_v metalline_a body_n such_o as_o magnet_n and_o emeri_fw-la i_o find_v that_o the_o weight_n of_o these_o in_o water_n be_v more_o than_o that_o of_o crystal_n the_o proportion_n of_o the_o latter_a be_v as_o four_o to_o one_o by_o which_o trial_n i_o be_v enable_v to_o guess_v that_o these_o stone_n contain_v metalline_a part_n in_o they_o and_o by_o the_o same_o method_n i_o discover_v metalline_a ingredient_n in_o some_o body_n which_o be_v not_o general_o look_v upon_o as_o such_o as_o lapis_n hematites_n and_o american_n talc_n and_o as_o it_o be_v general_o a_o certain_a sign_n that_o a_o body_n contain_v mineral_n ingredient_n proportionable_o as_o it_o be_v heavy_a than_o crystal_n so_o it_o be_v no_o less_o certain_a that_o body_n light_a than_o crystal_n be_v not_o impregnate_v with_o a_o metalline_a ore_n as_o jet_v succinum_fw-la sulphur_n vive_n common_a sulphur_n english_a talc_n venetian_a talc_n and_o black_a lead_n who_o weight_n to_o water_n be_v but_o as_o 1_o 1â—_n 100_o to_o 1_o and_o which_o by_o certain_a trial_n i_o have_v find_v to_o be_v a_o kind_n of_o talc_n as_o for_o the_o advantage_n that_o may_v be_v reap_v by_o estimate_v oar_n they_o may_v either_o respect_v jeweller_n physician_n or_o chemist_n as_o when_o the_o metalline_a ingredient_n be_v but_o small_a or_o mineralist_n who_o business_n it_o be_v to_o extract_v the_o metal_n when_o by_o this_o hydrostatical_a way_n it_o appear_v to_o be_v sufficient_o impregnate_v but_o because_o there_o be_v some_o cruder_n metalline_a ingredient_n in_o some_o body_n as_o antimony_n bismuth_n lapis_n calaminaris_n and_o pyrite_n which_o may_v deceive_v a_o unskilful_a mineralist_n who_o estimate_n they_o this_o way_n it_o may_v be_v convenient_a to_o make_v use_n of_o other_o trial_n to_o distinguish_v they_o and_o since_o some_o mineral_n oar_n when_o try_v in_o the_o lump_n appear_v to_o be_v poor_o stock_v with_o metalline_a part_n it_o may_v be_v of_o use_n to_o beat_v they_o to_o powder_n and_o to_o separate_v the_o metalline_a part_n by_o wash_v or_o else_o by_o fire_n for_o by_o that_o mean_v i_o once_o find_v that_o a_o metalline_a ore_n which_o be_v wrought_v for_o lead_n afford_v a_o sufficient_a quantity_n of_o silver_n to_o answer_v the_o charge_n of_o work_v it_o and_o to_o this_o caution_n i_o must_v add_v the_o follow_a viz._n that_o since_o marcasite_n be_v general_o heavy_a than_o common_a crystal_n and_o by_o some_o look_v upon_o to_o be_v plentiful_o stock_v with_o metalline_a part_n because_o of_o their_o weight_n and_o the_o glitter_a of_o their_o part_n yet_o they_o may_v easy_o be_v undecive_v by_o place_v they_o in_o a_o hot_a fire_n for_o by_o that_o mean_v the_o sulphureous_a part_n will_v be_v consume_v and_o leave_v behind_o they_o a_o black_a calx_fw-la but_o though_o marcasite_n abound_v not_o with_o metalline_a part_n proportionable_a to_o their_o bulk_n yet_o i_o have_v find_v by_o experience_n that_o some_o of_o they_o have_v afford_v not_o only_a copper_n silver_n and_o gold_n but_o sometime_o a_o quantity_n of_o run_v mercury_n
symmetry_n and_o complexion_n with_o agreeable_a and_o delightful_a colour_n there_o be_v other_o state_n of_o matter_n also_o as_o rest_n and_o motion_n size_n and_o shape_n usual_o call_v quality_n which_o be_v rather_o to_o be_v account_v primary_n modes_n of_o matter_n but_o this_o concern_v name_n rather_o than_o thing_n i_o shall_v wave_v the_o usual_a division_n of_o quality_n treat_v of_o they_o according_a to_o the_o follow_a division_n viz._n first_o i_o shall_v consider_v they_o under_o two_o head_n to_o wit_n manifest_a and_o occult_a quality_n the_o former_a of_o which_o we_o shall_v divide_v gredient_n of_o a_o body_n be_v evident_a since_o water_n hermetical_o seal_v be_v freeze_v instead_o of_o retain_v fluidity_n and_o transparency_n become_v brittle_a firm_a and_o sometime_o opacous_a which_o quality_n upon_o a_o thaw_v it_o again_o lose_v also_o fix_v metal_n bare_o by_o be_v hammer_v become_v brittle_a which_o quality_n it_o present_o lose_v when_o heat_v in_o the_o fire_n and_o silver_n by_o be_v hammer_v put_v on_o quality_n which_o it_o by_o no_o mean_n have_v when_o cold_a as_o a_o power_n to_o melt_v some_o body_n and_o to_o dry_v other_o with_o several_z other_o which_o it_o only_o acquire_v by_o virtue_n of_o the_o invisible_a agitation_n of_o its_o part_n put_v into_o motion_n by_o hammer_v i_o may_v add_v several_a instance_n of_o this_o kind_a but_o have_v mention_v they_o in_o other_o succeed_a chapter_n i_o shall_v omit_v they_o here_o and_o pass_v to_o the_o three_o consideration_n which_o have_v be_v prove_v in_o the_o precede_a chapter_n which_o be_v that_o we_o be_v not_o to_o consider_v the_o effect_n of_o mix_v body_n as_o the_o bare_a result_n of_o the_o part_n of_o matter_n of_o such_o a_o determinate_a texture_n but_o as_o place_v among_o other_o body_n on_o which_o they_o may_v various_o act_v and_o be_v act_v on_o but_o four_o to_o remove_v this_o objection_n we_o must_v consider_v that_o the_o peripatetic_a as_o well_o as_o chemical_a principle_n be_v incapable_a of_o account_v for_o the_o various_a phaenomena_n of_o nature_n which_o the_o corpuscular_a philosophy_n have_v a_o great_a advantage_n in_o for_o neither_o the_o different_a colour_n of_o the_o planet_n nor_o the_o generation_n and_o perish_v of_o spot_n in_o the_o sun_n be_v to_o be_v account_v for_o by_o the_o doctrine_n of_o the_o peripatetic_n nor_o chemist_n beside_o several_a phaenomena_n relate_v to_o magnetism_n music_n dioptricks_n catoptric_n and_o static_o and_o indeed_o i_o shall_v think_v it_o not_o a_o little_a strange_a that_o the_o various_a texture_n action_n the_o difference_n in_o agent_n and_o patient_n diversify_v the_o action_n as_o well_o as_o motion_n of_o body_n will_v not_o more_o sufficient_o account_v for_o the_o phaenomena_n of_o nature_n than_o the_o cosideration_n of_o quiescent_a ingredient_n for_o as_o all_o natural_a body_n act_n on_o one_o another_o by_o motion_n so_o that_o motion_n be_v various_o determine_v according_a to_o the_o different_a texture_n of_o the_o agent_n and_o patient_n but_o to_o proceed_v to_o the_o second_o objection_n against_o the_o corpuscularian_a philosophy_n which_o be_v answer_v a_o second_o objection_n against_o the_o corpuscularian_a philosophy_n answer_v that_o it_o be_v impossible_a so_o great_a a_o variety_n of_o quality_n shall_v arise_v from_o so_o few_o principle_n as_o matter_n and_o motion_n in_o answer_n to_o this_o i_o shall_v endeavour_v to_o show_v that_o it_o be_v possible_a those_o catholic_n affection_n of_o matter_n shall_v be_v derive_v from_o local_a motion_n and_o that_o those_o principle_n be_v various_o combine_v and_o join_v together_o shall_v afford_v phaenomena_n as_o various_a as_o any_o to_o be_v observe_v in_o nature_n and_o first_o if_o we_o allow_v what_o be_v undeniable_a viz._n that_o the_o tendency_n of_o matter_n as_o to_o motion_n be_v different_a in_o several_a part_n of_o the_o universe_n it_o will_v follow_v that_o by_o local_a motion_n so_o diversify_v matter_n must_v be_v divide_v into_o part_n distinct_a from_o one_o another_o and_o consequent_o be_v finite_a must_v necessary_o have_v a_o determinate_a size_n as_o well_o as_o shape_n and_o since_o all_o the_o universal_a bulk_n of_o matter_n have_v not_o its_o part_n in_o a_o constant_a motion_n some_o of_o they_o be_v entangle_v together_o must_v needs_o be_v at_o rest_n and_o hence_o the_o primary_n affection_n of_o matter_n flow_v but_o there_o be_v yet_o other_o affection_n of_o matter_n belong_v to_o the_o lesser_a fragment_n of_o it_o in_o respect_n of_o their_o situation_n as_o posture_n either_o horizontal_a erect_v or_o incline_v in_o reference_n to_o our_o horizon_n and_o also_o a_o peculiar_a order_n in_o relation_n to_o each_o other_o the_o union_n of_o which_o part_v collective_o consider_v may_v proper_o be_v call_v texture_n or_o modification_n and_o since_o most_o body_n be_v make_v up_o of_o part_n something_o irregular_a it_o be_v impossible_a but_o that_o there_o shall_v be_v interstice_n or_o pore_n leave_v betwixt_o they_o and_o further_o some_o part_n of_o body_n be_v very_o subtle_a and_o fine_a and_o easy_o put_v into_o motion_n by_o heat_n or_o other_o proper_a agent_n such_o body_n can_v but_o emit_v good_a store_n of_o effluvium_n and_o when_o particle_n of_o matter_n be_v fit_v and_o adapt_v so_o as_o to_o adhere_v together_o they_o form_v those_o similar_v body_n call_v element_n which_o be_v mix_v with_o one_o another_o constitute_v compound_v body_n which_o be_v again_o associate_v with_o compound_n form_n body_n still_o more_o complex_n which_o compound_v and_o decompound_v of_o body_n texture_n the_o difference_n betwixt_o mixture_n and_o texture_n may_v be_v proper_o call_v mixture_n which_o differ_v from_o texture_n because_o it_o imply_v a_o heterogeneity_n of_o part_n which_o the_o latter_a do_v not_o and_o last_o all_o body_n whether_o simple_a or_o compound_v be_v to_o be_v consider_v as_o place_v in_o the_o world_n as_o it_o be_v now_o constitute_v and_o rule_v by_o the_o universal_a fabric_n of_o thing_n as_o well_o as_o the_o law_n of_o motion_n numerous_a the_o phoenomena_fw-la exhibit_v by_o the_o corpuscular_a principle_n very_o numerous_a from_o hence_o it_o appear_v that_o matter_n be_v very_o natural_o diversify_v by_o eleven_o primary_n affection_n to_o which_o itself_o be_v add_v make_v twelve_o we_o may_v by_o parity_n of_o reason_n consider_v that_o if_o such_o a_o inaccountable_a number_n of_o word_n may_v be_v make_v of_o the_o 24._o letter_n it_o will_v not_o be_v hard_a to_o think_v that_o so_o many_o different_a modes_n of_o matter_n may_v arise_v from_o such_o finite_a principle_n as_o can_v reasonable_o be_v suppose_v to_o result_v from_o the_o various_a association_n of_o those_o ten_o letter_n and_o indeed_o a_o inaccountable_a number_n more_o since_o every_o one_o of_o these_o principle_n admit_v of_o a_o incredible_a variety_n as_o first_o there_o may_v be_v a_o vast_a variety_n of_o association_n in_o respect_n of_o the_o figure_n or_o number_n or_o order_n of_o the_o part_n join_v as_o in_o figure_n some_o may_v be_v triangle_n or_o square_n other_o pentagon_n etc._n etc._n there_o may_v also_o another_o variety_n proceed_v from_o the_o different_a shape_v and_o size_n of_o the_o part_n of_o matter_n unite_v their_o figure_n be_v either_o spherical_a like_o a_o bullet_n elliptical_a like_o a_o egg_n or_o cubical_a as_o a_o dye_n etc._n etc._n together_o with_o a_o great_a many_o other_o example_n of_o which_o the_o instrument_n of_o carver_n graver_n etc._n etc._n afford_v those_o tool_n be_v not_o only_o of_o different_a size_n but_o also_o various_a shape_v and_o there_o be_v no_o less_o variety_n in_o the_o degree_n of_o motion_n since_o motion_n may_v be_v infinite_o different_a in_o swiftness_n or_o slowness_n uniformity_n or_o difformity_n as_o also_o according_a to_o the_o different_a line_n in_o which_o body_n move_v as_o straight_o circular_a hyperbolical_a ellyptical_a etc._n etc._n as_o also_o according_a to_o the_o different_o figure_v part_n they_o strike_v against_o to_o which_o cause_n of_o variety_n may_v be_v add_v the_o different_a size_n or_o shape_v of_o the_o body_n move_v as_o also_o the_o several_a degree_n of_o compound_v body_n and_o the_o different_a modification_n of_o their_o ingredient_n and_o likewise_o of_o the_o medium_n through_o which_o they_o move_v as_o well_o as_o the_o degreess_n of_o impulse_n and_o the_o effect_n of_o these_o may_v be_v vary_v again_o according_a to_o the_o different_a situation_n or_o determinate_a nature_n of_o the_o body_n they_o strike_v against_o motion_n musical_a instrument_n afford_v instance_n of_o the_o various_a effect_n of_o motion_n and_o that_o motion_n be_v able_a to_o produce_v a_o vast_a variety_n of_o effect_n we_o may_v learn_v from_o musical_a instrument_n where_o according_a to_o the_o difference_n of_o the_o air_n be_v motion_n arise_v from_o the_o various_a
vibration_n of_o the_o string_n etc._n etc._n different_a sound_n be_v produce_v which_o as_o they_o be_v more_o or_o less_o coincident_a cause_n either_o concord_n or_o discord_n in_o sound_n but_o it_o will_v be_v too_o tedious_a to_o mention_v all_o the_o diversity_n which_o may_v happen_v in_o quality_n by_o the_o various_a combination_n of_o our_o ten_o principle_n and_o therefore_o since_o from_o hence_o their_o fertility_n may_v sufficient_o appear_v i_o shall_v proceed_v to_o answer_v a_o three_o objection_n answer_v the_o last_o difficulty_n raise_v against_o the_o corpuscular_a philosophy_n which_o be_v that_o if_o the_o quality_n of_o body_n depend_v on_o the_o size_n shape_n and_o texture_n of_o body_n all_o body_n of_o the_o same_o colour_n must_v have_v the_o same_o texture_n and_o if_o the_o same_o texture_n the_o same_o quality_n in_o other_o respect_n but_o we_o see_v it_o be_v contrary_a since_o the_o calx_fw-la of_o hartshorn_n be_v insipid_a and_o yet_o the_o volatile_a salt_n of_o hartshorn_n be_v very_o strong_a scent_v and_o of_o as_o strong_a a_o taste_n to_o which_o a_o great_a many_o more_o example_n may_v be_v add_v be_v it_o necessary_a difficulty_n consideration_n in_o order_n to_o remove_v the_o difficulty_n but_o i_o shall_v rather_o since_o it_o be_v not_o requisite_a offer_v the_o follow_a consideration_n to_o remove_v the_o difficulty_n first_o that_o several_a heterogeneous_a part_n may_v be_v lodge_v in_o the_o pore_n of_o a_o body_n which_o though_o of_o a_o different_a nature_n from_o the_o body_n itself_o yet_o they_o may_v produce_v some_o considerable_a effect_n as_o in_o perfume_a glove_n the_o odoriferous_a part_n be_v both_o different_a in_o substance_n and_o have_v different_a quality_n from_o the_o leather_n the_o glove_n be_v make_v of_o the_o second_o consideration_n be_v that_o part_n of_o very_o different_a nature_n may_v be_v link_v together_o not_o in_o a_o essential_a structure_n but_o a_o juxta-position_n or_o peculiar_a kind_n of_o composition_n and_o yet_o afford_v the_o same_o quality_n notwithstanding_o their_o essential_a difference_n for_o invisible_a change_n in_o some_o part_n of_o matter_n may_v be_v sufficient_a to_o cause_v new_a quality_n though_o the_o essential_a part_n of_o those_o body_n be_v unaltered_a and_o not_o only_o so_o but_o diversify_v enough_o to_o denominate_v they_o of_o different_a species_n so_o a_o bar_n of_o iron_n by_o be_v hammer_v may_v feel_v hot_a though_o there_o be_v no_o visible_a alteration_n in_o the_o nature_n of_o the_o metal_n by_o a_o intense_a agitation_n of_o the_o insensible_a part_n of_o it_o but_o to_o illustrate_v this_o consideration_n a_o little_a further_o though_o a_o piece_n of_o iron_n wood_n or_o tin_n shall_v have_v sharp_a protuberant_a part_n yet_o be_v they_o distinct_a substance_n notwithstanding_o they_o all_o agree_v in_o that_o quality_n of_o roughness_n and_o if_o those_o rough_a part_n be_v wear_v off_o and_o the_o body_n endow_v with_o a_o smooth_a quality_n yet_o still_o will_v they_o in_o respect_n of_o their_o substance_n remain_v unaltered_a and_o though_o the_o superficies_n of_o steel_n brass_n flint_n or_o marble_n shall_v be_v polish_v as_o to_o become_v specular_a their_o essential_a difference_n will_v still_o be_v the_o same_o and_o as_o i_o take_v notice_n before_o though_o air_n be_v put_v into_o a_o undulate_a motion_n by_o different_a instrument_n yet_o if_o the_o motion_n be_v raise_v to_o the_o same_o degree_n it_o cause_v the_o same_o sound_n and_o produce_v the_o same_o note_n so_o that_o body_n may_v agree_v in_o some_o extra-essential_a attribute_n and_o yet_o be_v different_a in_o their_o essential_a modification_n to_o confirm_v the_o truth_n of_o which_o heat_n will_v afford_v we_o a_o eminent_a example_n which_o may_v be_v produce_v in_o a_o body_n by_o put_v its_o part_n into_o agitation_n without_o destroy_v the_o essential_a property_n of_o the_o body_n so_o affect_v so_o that_o the_o essential_a nature_n of_o a_o body_n may_v not_o be_v concern_v in_o reflect_v the_o ray_n of_o light_n which_o produce_v those_o extra-essential_a quality_n which_o be_v call_v colour_n since_o to_o produce_v whiteness_n in_o a_o body_n it_o be_v sufficient_a that_o the_o surface_n of_o that_o body_n be_v so_o modify_v as_o to_o reflect_v the_o ray_n of_o light_n copious_o and_o undisturbed_a whatever_o the_o essential_a and_o proper_a texture_n of_o that_o body_n be_v sense_n different_n quality_n afford_v by_o body_n homogeneous_a as_o to_o sense_n and_o here_o it_o may_v be_v proper_a to_o take_v notice_n that_o there_o be_v several_a body_n homogeneous_a as_o to_o sense_n which_o afford_v different_a quality_n as_o salt-peter_n become_v fluid_a and_o transparent_a when_o brisk_o agitate_a in_o a_o crucible_n whereas_o it_o have_v other_o quality_n when_o cool_a be_v a_o hard_a and_o white_a brittle_a substance_n and_o the_o powder_n of_o alabaster_n be_v due_o expose_v to_o a_o convenient_a heat_n acquire_v several_a quality_n not_o different_a from_o those_o of_o fluid_a body_n so_o aqua_fw-la fortis_fw-la although_o it_o be_v transparent_a and_o clear_a yet_o if_o raise_v in_o the_o form_n of_o fume_n it_o put_v on_o a_o red_a colour_n the_o three_o thing_n i_o will_v propose_v to_o remove_v this_o difficulty_n be_v what_o have_v be_v several_a time_n hint_v before_o viz._n that_o a_o body_n be_v not_o to_o be_v consider_v bare_o as_o a_o determinate_a substance_n but_o as_o a_o part_n of_o the_o universe_n and_o place_v among_o other_o body_n but_o four_o as_o to_o that_o part_n of_o the_o objection_n which_o question_n the_o corpuscular_a principle_n in_o make_v it_o appear_v why_o a_o body_n so_o qualify_v as_o to_o cause_n whiteness_n shall_v have_v other_o quality_n which_o be_v of_o no_o affinity_n with_o it_o what_o have_v be_v already_o deliver_v may_v be_v sufficient_a to_o remove_v it_o viz._n that_o the_o extra-essential_a part_n may_v be_v so_o qualify_v though_o the_o essential_a part_n be_v not_o alter_v which_o we_o have_v more_o reason_n to_o believe_v since_o most_o sensible_a quality_n be_v only_o relative_a attribute_n and_o may_v result_v from_o a_o accidental_a motion_n or_o more_o than_o ordinary_a laxity_n or_o density_n of_o part_n or_o some_o other_o such_o like_a affection_n turpentine_n several_a quality_n exhibit_v by_o venice_n turpentine_n to_o illustrate_v which_o if_o a_o three_o part_n of_o venice_n turpentine_n be_v evaporate_v we_o may_v obtain_v from_o it_o a_o colophony_n of_o a_o reddish_n colour_n which_o be_v beat_v small_a will_v lose_v its_o transparency_n and_o be_v turn_v into_o a_o white_a opacous_a powder_n which_o with_o a_o moderate_a heat_n will_v again_o be_v restore_v to_o its_o former_a transparency_n fludity_n and_o colour_n into_o which_o fluid_a body_n if_o one_o immerge_n the_o end_n of_o a_o quill_n something_o below_o the_o surface_n and_o blow_v artificial_o it_o will_v rise_v in_o bubble_n curious_o adorn_v with_o vivid_n and_o lively_a colour_n and_o if_o in_o that_o state_n you_o take_v it_o into_o your_o hand_n it_o be_v viscid_a enough_o to_o draw_v into_o string_n and_o if_o put_v into_o a_o triangular_a figure_n will_v like_o a_o triangular_a glass_n yield_v a_o variety_n of_o colour_n when_o cold_a it_o be_v very_o brittle_a and_o if_o moderate_o rub_v it_o be_v endow_v with_o a_o electrical_a virtue_n of_o attract_v straw_n the_o same_o phaenomena_n will_v appear_v upon_o manage_v purify_v rosin_n after_o the_o same_o manner_n urine_n another_o experiment_n of_o the_o like_a nature_n try_v upon_o putrify_a urine_n to_o this_o i_o shall_v subjoin_v another_o instance_n to_o show_v that_o a_o homogeneous_a body_n may_v by_o shape_n or_o other_o mechanical_a affection_n have_v different_a quality_n in_o respect_n of_o our_o sense_n and_o the_o attribute_n assign_v to_o it_o upon_o that_o score_n the_o instance_n be_v in_o putrify_a urine_n distil_v the_o spirit_n of_o which_o when_o it_o have_v by_o frequent_a distillation_n be_v dephlegm_v have_v a_o pungent_a taste_n and_o swim_v in_o a_o phlegmatic_a vehicle_n be_v also_o of_o a_o very_a offensive_a smell_n who_o salt_n when_o free_v from_o the_o water_n be_v of_o a_o white_a colour_n and_o be_v sharp_a and_o caustick_a if_o apply_v to_o a_o excoriate_v part_n beside_o which_o quality_n they_o likewise_o make_v the_o eye_n water_n and_o cause_n sneeze_v and_o in_o respect_n of_o physic_n their_o quality_n be_v no_o less_o note_v be_v diuretic_n diaphoretic_n and_o specific_a in_o hysterick_n fit_v when_o mix_v with_o file_n of_o brass_n they_o turn_v they_o into_o a_o green_a colour_n yet_o if_o mix_v with_o blue_a juice_n of_o plant_n they_o change_v that_o colour_n for_o a_o green_a one_o they_o dissolve_v copper_n yet_o destroy_v the_o corrosive_a virtue_n of_o other_o acid_n menstruum_n and_o precipitate_v the_o copper_n when_o dissolve_v by_o they_o yet_o if_o common_a salt_n be_v associate_v with_o