Selected quad for the lemma: cause_n

Word A	Word B	Word C	Word D	Occurrence	Frequency Band	MI	MI Band	Prominent
cause_n	air_n	reason_n	zone_n	21	3	12.4776	5	false

Text snippets containing the quad

ID	Title	Author	Corrected Date of Publication (TCP Date of Publication)	STC	Words	Pages
A03576	The vse of both the globes, celestiall, and terrestriall most plainely deliuered in forme of a dialogue. Containing most pleasant, and profitable conclusions for the mariner, and generally for all those, that are addicted to these kinde of mathematicall instrumentes. VVritten by T. Hood mathematicall lecturer in the citie of London, sometime fellow of Trinitie Colledge in Cambridge.	Hood, Thomas, fl. 1582-1598.	1592 (1592)	STC 13698; ESTC S106231	107,894	188

〈◊〉 winter because the ayre is more purged the starres do ●ine very forceably whereupon it cōmeth to passe that our sight may be deceaued in them and causeth vs to ●hinke that wee perceaue more starres than indeede wee wee doe where as wee doe not see more starres but onely certaine appearances of them procured by their vehement brightnes and twinckling and by the wauering of the ayre Let this also be an other reason the nearer the Sunne is to the ground the more lightsome is the ayre aboue it the more lightsome the ayre is the fewe● Starres are seene therefore considering that in Summer the depression of the Sunne is but litle and in winter great whereby the ayre in the night time in Summer is more lightened than in winter herevpon it commeth to passe that the starres seeme fewer in Summer than in winter P. Thus much for the number of the starres wha● is their Magnitude M. Their Magnitude is a certaine quantitie wherby the starres differ one frō an other The seuerall Magnitudes obserued in the starres are sixe vnto the which are adioyned certaine other which are called of the Latines Nebulosae Obscurae cloudie and obscure o● darke starres All there Magnitudes are expressed in the Globe with seuerall formes set downe before the nose o● the Greater Beare so that hauing an eye to those forme● you may easily learne what Magnitude any starre hath that is placed in the Globe P. How many starres are there of each seuerall Magnitude M. There are 15. of the first Magnitude of the second 45. of the third 208. of the fourth 474. of the fift 217. of the sixt 49. The cloudie starres are 5. the obscure 9. But you must still remēber this that in this account those starres are not cōtained which are inscribed in the Globe according to the report of the Portugals yet their seuerall Magnitudes may be knowne by their forme P. So I suppose but yet these which you haue now counted make but 1022. you reckoned before 1025. M. It is true but you must note this that com●ōly in rehearsing the number of the starres the Astro●omers omit those which are in the haire of Berenice if ●hey be added the whole number is 1025. P. Of what bignesse may the starres be M. Some of them are 107. some 90. some 72. times ●igger than the earth But of this matter I haue written ●argely in my Booke concerning the vse of the Celestiall Globe in Plano wherein you may satisfie your selfe cōcerning their quantitie P. The nexte thing to be spoken of touching the ●tarres is their qualitie what haue you to deliuer concerning that M. This worde qualitie hath a very large signification and may be applied almost to what soeuer is not of ●he substance of the Starres But I will speake onely of ●heir twinckling and figure P. What is the cause why the starres do twinckle M. The continuall motion of the aire in which ●here are two motions to be considered the one is pro●●er to the aire which is vpward in a right line the other is vnproper receaued from the Heauens For as the Heauen is caried about in the space of 24. houres so doth it ●ead with it what soeuer is moueable within it whereby ●t commeth to passe that the forme of the Starres appea●ing in it is greatly distracted so that it seemeth to vs to ●●ast forth sparkles which we call the twinckling thereof This may easily be confirmed by the water which running on swiftly causeth the Starres which are by reflexiō●eene in it to twinckle much more than they doe in the aire by reason that it is a grosser bodie and the motio● thereof is to vs more sensible than the motiō of the aire P. If the motion of the aire be the cause of th● twinckling of the Starres why should not the Plane●● twinckle as well as they M. The reason why the Planets do not twinckle i● their nearenesse vnto vs whereby it commeth to pass● that their beame is lesser troubled and distorted P. Doth the twinckling of the Starres signifie any thing M. It doth signifie the motion of the ayre generallie but if it bee more than vsuall it signifieth winde Thus much concerning that matter now followeth the figure of the Starres The figure is eyther common o● peculiar The common figure considered in euery one is the roundenesse for this wee holde that the figure of euerie Starre is rounde and not three or foure square of this there are sundrie argumentes First our sence which iudgeth the Starres to be rounde agayne the most noble bodie as I saide before requireth the most noble forme the most excellent bodies are the heauenly bodies therefore they craue a rounde figure for that of all other is counted most excellent To conclude the Moone geueth vs a most certaine argument of this roundenesse for she doth not onely appeare so at the full but at all other times shee receaueth her light circularly from the Sunne P. Yet that is not alwayes so for in the firste quarter and the thirde her light is parted with a right line M. The reason of that is yeelded by the Maisters of Perspectiue who truely affirme that euery great circle in Sphericall bodie standing full before our sight ●●emeth to be a right line This therefore shall serue for 〈◊〉 confirmation of the common figure belonging to euery Starre which is their roundenesse The peculiar fig●re is that which is considered but in some and is call●d a Constellation P. What is a Constellation M. A Constellation is a certaine number of starres r●presenting by there place order after a certaine sort the forme of some naturall or artificiall thing It is otherwise called an Asterisme forme or figure P. Are all the stars inclosed within these cōstellatiōs M. You may easily see by the Globe they are not there are 108. exēpted by the ancient Astronomers which the called informes vnformed yet of later time 6. of thē●●ue beene reduced into the figure of Antinous and ●●ree into the haire of Berenice P. Why were the starres brought into cōstellatiōs M. For instructions sake things cannot be taught ●ithout names to giue a name to euery one had beene both troublesome for the Maister and for the Scholler ●●oublesome for the Maister to deuise troublesome for the Scholler to remēber As the merchant therefore ca●eth all his billes of one kinde into one boxe out of ●●at boxe can fetch them as occasion serueth euen so the ●stronomers haue reduced many starres into one Con●●llation that thereby they may tell the better where to ●●eke them and being founde how to expresse them P. Why did they bring them into these figures and into none other M. There be 3. seuerall reasons which induced thē●ereunto First these figures expresse some propertie of the Starres as those of the Ramme to be hote drie so● so is the Ramme Andromeda chained betokeneth imprisonment The head of Medusa cut of signifieth th● losse of that member

I runne South about 60. leagues sometimes South Southwest as many leagues then South and by East 100. leagues then after that Southwest I know not how farre but I finde my selfe to bee in four degrees of latitude South ward How shall I obserue this course vpon the Globe M. If you were perfect in that which I haue taught you you would not make a doubt of this but for so much as you are but yet a nouice herein I will exempli●ie the matter vnto you that by this one example you may gather what you haue to doe in the rest The example shall be that which you haue propounded supposing the place from whence wee set sayle to be the Southermost side of cape de verde at that place where the tenth ●●eridian or circle of longitude toucheth the land First Therefore in that meridian I count 60. leagues which are degrees where I make a mark whereby I find my selfe ●o be in 11. degrees of latitude and vnder the same messdian from thence you ranne according to your suppo●tion 60. leagues from the marke which I made in the 〈◊〉 circle of longitude I draw with a blacke leade an ob●ture parallell which shall cut the Rhombe of South ●outh west in that Rhombe I account 60. leagues which ●●e three degrees as I did before and from thence pre●ntly toward the Cape I draw a parallell to the equator ●●en taking with my compasses the 6o leagues noted in ●e Rhombe of South Southwest I set the one foote of ●y compasses in the marke made in the 10. circle of lon●tude stretch the other foote westward to the paral●● which was last drawen and there make a marke Here I finde my selfe to be almost in the eight degree of latitude and from the place of my departure a little more than sixe score leagues and from the meridian thirtie leagues Afterward you suppose your course to be South and by East an hundred leagues continuing the last parallell vnto that Rhombe I count in it an hundred leagues making a marke therein as I did before and frō it also drawing a parallell line toward the cape then my compasse being extended to an hundred leagues I set the one foot in the marke made in the former parallell and turne the other Eastwards according to my direction vntill I touch this last parallel which was described there also I make a pricke your last course was Southwest you know not how farre but you found your selfe to be in foure degrees of South latitude I bring the meridian to the rhombe of Southwest and there make a note vnder the fourth degree of latitude and from thence I draw another parallell toward the Cape then taking as much of the Rhombe of Southwest as was contained between these parallell lines I set the one foote of my compasse in the marke which was last made and extend the other foote to the last parallell making a marke therein which is the place of my being and thereby I gather that I am fallen to the Southward of the line foure degrees am distant from cape verde 390. leagues and from the meridian from whence I departed 140. Thus much concerning the vse of the rhombes described vpō the terrestrial globe There remaine now Philoma a thes none of the circles of the Globe to be spoken of but the lesser circles onely which are the limites of the siue Zones whereof mention was made in the ende of the celestial Globe The vse of the which circles in the terrestriall Globe is no more than this to signify what inhabitants of the earth doe dwell in euerie Zone and who they bee which feele that distemperature or temperature of heate and cold Whereby you may perceaue how great●y they erred which though the temperate Zones onely to be habitable and the other by meanes of their extre●mitie of heate and cold to be vnhabited P. Concerning the qualities of the 5. Zones I would gladly be resolued in those questions first whether each part of the burning Zone be of a like heate and if they be not which is the hottest Secondly whether the other Zones bee of a likely condition or if they bee not which exceedeth one another in their qualities M. I will willingly satiffy your desire and that so much the rather because some of the argumentes vsed in deciding those questions may be expressed on the globe You must here note what be the efficient causes effectes are counted 3. First the heat is caused by the perpendicu●tity Secondly the long abroad Thirdly the neerenes of the Sunne The cold therefore must be effected by the obliquitie by the ●mall abode and by the elongation of ●he sunne This also standeth with reason that where here are most causes there must be the greatest heate or old Let vs therefore examin them in the Zones begin●ing first with the burning Zone For so much as the bur●ing Zone is contained within the Tropickes so many ●herefore as inhabit that Zone must of necessity haue the ●unne perpendicular vnto them so that in that respect shey are all equall though in the other causes they disare●e The abode of the Sunne is lesser vnder the Equa●●r than vnder the tropickes for the day is but of 12. houres vnder the equator but vnder the tropickes it 〈◊〉 13. ½ And somewhat more Moreouer the Sunne comming toward the Equator and depatting from it declineth almost in one moneth so much as he doth in moneths neere to the tropickes Last of all the Sunne comming toward the equator keepeth on his course 〈◊〉 rectly not comming that way agayne till halfe a yea● be past but comming toward the tropickes as he h●teth the earth mightily by his slow ascending so doth encrease the heart by his slow descending and his so dait returne The heate therefore neare vnto the tropickes greater than vnder the equator P. Then which is the hotter of the two tropickes M. Then tropicke of Capricorne for it hath not o●ly the Sunne perpndicular and continuing a long ti●● aboue the horizon as the other tropicke hath But 〈◊〉 hereafter you your selfe will confesse according as y●● goe one forwarde in these studies Hereupon the cond question may bee resolued that of the two ●●zones the antarcticke is the colder and in the tem●rate zones the winter is colder to the Southward th● to the Northward for albeit hee bee oblique to th● both and continue a like time aboue ether of their 〈◊〉 rizons yet for so much as in Winter hee is neer●● them that dwell in the Northren zones than to th●● that dwell in the Southern zones they therefore h●● the warmer Winter and consequently the colder Su●mer Hauing now answered your questions it maineth Philomathes to aduise you to acquaint y●● selfe throughly with your globe not onely that you 〈◊〉 be readie to perform those conclusions which you 〈◊〉 learned but also that you may know and distinguish the seuerall partes of the world with the chiefe Kingdomes Cities Capes neckes of land Seas Streightes and Riuers throughout the whole world for it wil be vnto you a great disgrace especially in this our trauelling age not ●o be cunning in these thinges which cunning you may ●asily attaine vnto if you doe but furnish your studie with the Globes and now and then as your leasure ser●eth looke vpon them P. I will doe mine indeuor especially because as I ●ue a good hope of the profite that may ensue so I find ●●e pleasuce to be exceeding great And to you sit for the ●ines which you haue taken in furthwering my study I al thinke my selfe greatly beholding so longe as I liue M. That is my desire Philomathes to make ●●ng students to be beholding vnto me if so be here●er you shall stand in need of my helpe ether through getfulnes or hardnes of that which I haue taught you if you will repaire to my poore lodging in Abchurch lane you shall find me ready to doe you what pleasure I can And so farewell FINIS