it_o become_v as_o it_o be_v two_o body_n and_o be_v reflect_v also_o in_o a_o double_a species_n but_o be_v it_o continue_v in_o equality_n it_o will_v be_v express_v but_o as_o one_o single_a species_n the_o reason_n why_o a_o inequality_n in_o one_o continuous_a body_n cause_v a_o refraction_n be_v because_o every_o protuberance_n contract_v the_o species_n of_o a_o object_n reflect_v upon_o it_o and_o consequent_o must_v represent_v each_o of_o they_o in_o a_o several_a species_n wherefore_o a_o prism_n do_v represent_v the_o same_o colour_n of_o each_o side_n of_o its_o angle_n because_o of_o the_o refraction_n of_o the_o light_n arrive_v through_o the_o inequality_n of_o the_o angle_n the_o ground_n of_o the_o other_o appearance_n of_o a_o prism_n you_o may_v easy_o collect_v without_o any_o further_a repetition_n the_o sun_n appear_v as_o manifold_a in_o the_o water_n as_o the_o water_n be_v render_v unequal_a through_o undulation_n there_o be_v no_o refraction_n without_o a_o reflection_n wherefore_o refraction_n be_v erroneous_o divide_v into_o simple_a and_o mix_v suppose_v simple_a to_o be_v a_o refraction_n without_o a_o reflection_n which_o be_v scarce_o imaginable_a the_o eye_n of_o man_n consist_v of_o continuate_v equal_a crystalline_a part_n as_o membrane_n and_o humour_n do_v not_o refract_v object_n reflect_v upon_o it_o because_o of_o the_o say_v continuous_a equality_n but_o in_o case_n any_o of_o the_o humour_n be_v discontinuate_v by_o a_o interjacent_a body_n object_n appear_v double_a because_o of_o the_o refraction_n in_o the_o eye_n happen_v through_o the_o inequality_n of_o the_o say_v interjacent_a body_n a_o scheme_n represent_v the_o derivation_n of_o colour_n chap._n xxiii_o of_o sound_n 1._o the_o definition_n of_o a_o sound_n that_o the_o collision_n of_o two_o solid_a body_n be_v not_o always_o necessary_a for_o to_o raise_v a_o sound_n 2._o whether_o a_o sound_v be_v inherent_a in_o the_o air_n or_o in_o the_o body_n sound_v the_o manner_n of_o production_n of_o a_o sound_n 3._o whether_o a_o sound_n be_v propagate_v through_o the_o water_n intentional_o only_a that_o a_o sound_n may_v be_v make_v and_o hear_v under_o water_n 4._o that_o a_o sound_n be_v a_o real_a pluff_v up_o of_o the_o air._n how_o a_o sound_n be_v propagate_v through_o the_o air_n and_o how_o far_o why_o a_o small_a sound_v raise_v at_o one_o end_n of_o a_o mast_n or_o beam_n may_v be_v easy_o hear_v at_o the_o other_o end_n why_o the_o noise_n of_o the_o tread_n of_o a_o troop_n of_o horse_n may_v be_v hear_v at_o a_o far_a distance_n 5._o the_o difference_n between_o a_o sound_n and_o a_o light_n or_o colour_n that_o it_o be_v possible_a for_o a_o man_n to_o hear_v with_o his_o eye_n and_o see_v with_o his_o ear_n likewise_o for_o other_o creature_n to_o hear_v and_o see_v by_o mean_n of_o their_o feel_n 6._o the_o difference_n of_o sound_n why_o the_o sound_n of_o a_o bell_n or_o drum_n cease_v assoon_o as_o you_o touch_v they_o with_o your_o finger_n why_o a_o empty_a glass_n cause_v a_o great_a sound_n than_o if_o fill_v with_o water_n 7._o the_o reason_n of_o concord_n in_o music_n 8._o the_o cause_n of_o the_o variation_n of_o sound_n why_o celestial_a body_n rain_n and_o hail_n do_v make_v but_o little_a noise_n in_o the_o air._n 9_o how_o sound_n be_v restect_v how_o sound_n be_v intend_v and_o remit_v 10._o the_o manner_n of_o refraction_n of_o sound_n what_o a_o undulate_a sound_n be_v 11._o how_o a_o voice_n be_v form_v i._o sound_v be_v a_o quality_n whereby_o a_o natural_a body_n move_v the_o hear_v this_o be_v a_o formal_a and_o relative_n definition_n of_o a_o sound_n because_o we_o call_v that_o a_o sound_v which_o move_v the_o auditory_a spirit_n or_o internal_a air_n of_o our_o hear_n beside_o this_o it_o have_v a_o fundamental_a essence_n which_o be_v nothing_o else_o but_o a_o concussion_n and_o conquassation_n of_o the_o air_n or_o otherwise_o it_o be_v the_o air_n sudden_o and_o violent_o concuss_a or_o conquassated_a vibrate_v or_o rather_o pluft_v up_o by_o a_o extrinsic_a continuous_a body_n be_v it_o hard_a or_o sof_o liquid_a or_o solid_a single_a or_o double_a that_o be_v between_z two_o in_o the_o first_o place_n i_o may_v here_o question_v whether_o a_o soft_a or_o liquid_a body_n be_v apt_a to_o make_v a_o sound_n since_o aristotle_n in_o his_o 26._o t._n de_fw-fr anim._n chap._n 8._o state_n a_o sound_n to_o be_v the_o percussion_n or_o collision_n of_o two_o solid_a hard_a body_n and_o particular_o that_o soft_a body_n as_o a_o sponge_n or_o wool_n do_v make_v no_o sound_n notwithstanding_o this_o assertion_n of_o arist._n which_o afterward_o i_o shall_v make_v appear_v to_o be_v false_a i_o prove_v that_o liquid_a and_o soft_a body_n make_v a_o sound_n pour_v water_n to_o water_n and_o hearken_v whether_o they_o make_v no_o sound_n beat_v one_o sponge_n against_o another_o and_o listen_v to_o their_o sound_n throw_v one_o pack_v of_o woollen_a cloth_n upon_o the_o other_o and_o hearken_v whether_o they_o make_v no_o sound_n ii_o next_o let_v we_o inquire_v whether_o a_o sound_n be_v a_o quality_n inherent_a in_o the_o solid_a body_n or_o in_o the_o air_n not_o in_o the_o solid_a body_n because_o they_o give_v very_o little_a sound_n in_o a_o small_a compass_n of_o air_n and_o consequent_o none_o without_o air_n wherefore_o it_o must_v rather_o inhere_o in_o the_o air_n i_o prove_v it_o a_o sound_n be_v a_o passion_n but_o it_o be_v the_o air_n that_o receive_v this_o passion_n ergo_fw-la the_o sound_n be_v in_o the_o air_n the_o passion_n be_v to_o be_v krutcht_v pluft_v up_o or_o shake_v 2._o a_o sound_n sometime_o be_v make_v when_o the_o air_n be_v immediate_o pluft_v up_o by_o one_o body_n as_o when_o we_o make_v a_o noise_n by_o switch_v the_o air_n we_o hear_v a_o sound_n be_v make_v in_o the_o air_n the_o definition_n of_o a_o sound_a assert_n it_o to_o be_v a_o violent_a and_o sudden_a concussion_n for_o if_o you_o do_v concuss_v the_o air_n although_o pen_v between_o two_o hard_a body_n soft_o and_o retorted_o it_o will_v make_v no_o sensible_a sound_n because_o the_o air_n get_v out_o from_o between_o they_o by_o press_v gradual_o upon_o its_o adjacent_a part_n without_o be_v pluft_v up_o or_o be_v keep_v in_o by_o they_o and_o so_o escape_v make_v a_o noise_n but_o when_o it_o be_v sudden_o and_o violent_o press_v upon_o by_o one_o or_o two_o body_n it_o be_v force_v to_o pluffe_n up_o because_o the_o adjacent_a air_n do_v not_o give_v way_n fast_o enough_o the_o air_n be_v pluft_v up_o or_o concuss_a be_v continuate_v to_o the_o ear_n by_o reason_n that_o one_o part_n pluffe_v up_o another_o &_o so_o the_o part_n of_o air_n lie_v close_o in_o continuation_n one_o upon_o the_o other_o be_v soon_o pluft_v up_o &_o continuate_v to_o the_o auditory_a air_n within_o the_o ear_n which_o it_o move_v likewise_o with_o the_o same_o degree_n and_o property_n of_o pluff_v as_o the_o degree_n of_o percussion_n be_v first_o make_v upon_o it_o by_o the_o property_n of_o the_o percutient_fw-la how_o air_n be_v pluft_v up_o may_v easy_o be_v aprehend_v viz._n by_o two_o body_n sudden_o &_o violent_o squeeze_v out_o the_o air_n which_o be_v between_o they_o by_o their_o sudden_a collision_n against_o one_o another_o for_o instance_n clap_v your_o hand_n hard_o together_o &_o you_o may_v by_o the_o subtle_a feel_n of_o your_o face_n perceive_v the_o air_n pluft_v up_o from_o between_o they_o or_o else_o a_o pluff_a may_v also_o be_v cause_v by_o a_o smart_a impulsion_n of_o the_o part_n of_o air_n upon_o one_o another_o by_o a_o stick_n board_n or_o any_o other_o single_a continuous_a body_n the_o reason_n of_o a_o sound_v celerity_n and_o extent_n of_o motion_n to_o such_o a_o improportionable_a distance_n you_o may_v apprehend_v from_o the_o cause_n of_o the_o swiftness_n of_o the_o light_n diffusion_n treat_v of_o in_o the_o forego_n chapt._n but_o withal_o mark_v that_o light_n and_o diffusion_n of_o colour_n be_v by_o far_o swift_a than_o sound_n because_o a_o flame_n be_v a_o most_o subtle_a and_o forcible_a body_n do_v much_o swift_a obtend_v the_o air_n beside_o the_o air_n do_v rather_o accur_v in_o a_o obtension_n to_o prevent_v its_o disruption_n then_o recede_v whereas_o in_o make_v a_o sound_a the_o air_n be_v long_o in_o be_v obtrude_v or_o pluft_v away_o from_o the_o percutient_n because_o it_o retrocede_v and_o the_o force_n percuss_v do_v not_o compass_v it_o circular_o from_o all_o side_n but_o advers_o only_a hence_o it_o be_v that_o at_o a_o distance_n we_o see_v a_o hatchet_n drive_v into_o wood_n long_o before_o we_o hear_v the_o sound_n of_o it_o or_o that_o we_o see_v lightning_n before_o we_o hear_v the_o thunder_n iii_o i_o remember_v it_o be_v a_o
the_o cause_n of_o discord_n and_o concord_n between_n sound_v the_o reason_n of_o concord_n in_o colour_n be_v because_o such_o a_o distance_n or_o opposition_n of_o colour_n do_v set_v off_o another_o according_a to_o that_o maxim_n contraria_fw-la juxta_fw-la se_fw-la inuicem_fw-la posita_fw-la magis_fw-la elucescunt_fw-la whereas_o be_v this_o distance_n but_o of_o one_o degree_n it_o will_v rather_o detract_v from_o one_o another_o as_o be_v defective_a in_o set_v one_o another_o off_o so_o a_o little_a sour_a add_v to_o much_o sweet_a make_v a_o unpleasant_a taste_n likewise_o in_o sound_v a_o unison_n and_o a_o second_o make_v discord_n because_o there_o be_v too_o little_a treble_n or_o altitude_n in_o a_o second_o to_o respond_v to_o the_o deep_a base_a of_o a_o unison_n and_o hence_o you_o may_v easy_o conceive_v the_o ground_n and_o cause_n of_o all_o concord_n and_o discord_n the_o cause_n of_o the_o different_a sound_n of_o treble_n and_o base_n be_v the_o thickness_n of_o the_o string_n or_o percutient_fw-la vibrate_v the_o air_n in_o such_o a_o degree_n of_o obtuseness_n or_o such_o a_o degree_n of_o thinness_n of_o the_o string_n percuss_v the_o air_n acute_o or_o thus_o the_o bubble_n which_o a_o course_n string_n pluf_n up_o must_v needs_o be_v thick_a than_o that_o of_o a_o fine_a one_o viii_o sound_n vary_v according_a to_o the_o qualification_n of_o the_o percutient_fw-la in_o consistency_n bigness_n and_o action_n a_o percutient_fw-la be_v thick_a make_v a_o thick_a sound_n so_o the_o base_a string_n of_o a_o instrument_n make_v a_o thick_a or_o course_n sound_v a_o thin_a percutient_fw-la beat_v a_o thin_a or_o sharp_a sound_n hence_o a_o small_a string_n sound_v sharp_o so_o that_o according_a to_o the_o great_a or_o lesser_a courseness_n or_o thickness_n thinness_n or_o sharpness_n of_o a_o percutient_fw-la the_o sound_n be_v make_v more_o or_o less_o course_n and_o sharp_a the_o rarity_n of_o a_o percutient_fw-la or_o its_o density_n cause_n little_a or_o no_o noise_n if_o any_o a_o very_a dumb_a one_o because_o the_o air_n be_v obtrude_v by_o neither_o of_o they_o but_o be_v only_o percolate_v through_o they_o a_o great_a percutient_fw-la make_v a_o great_a noise_n a_o small_a one_o little_a the_o percussion_n of_o a_o percutient_fw-la be_v continuous_a or_o interrupt_v slow_a or_o quick_a smart_a or_o feeble_a raise_v a_o continuous_a or_o interrupt_v slow_a or_o quick_a smart_a or_o feeble_a noise_n the_o heaven_n that_o be_v the_o fiery_a body_n move_v with_o a_o rapid_a motion_n through_o or_o with_o their_o own_o region_n of_o fire_n make_v some_o noise_n but_o so_o little_a that_o it_o will_v scarce_o be_v audible_a suppose_v a_o man_n be_v near_o to_o they_o they_o make_v some_o little_a noise_n because_o they_o be_v body_n somewhat_o continuous_a and_o obtrude_a that_o little_a air_n which_o be_v admit_v to_o the_o fire_n in_o some_o measure_n they_o must_v consequent_o make_v a_o noise_n but_o such_o as_o be_v soon_o deaden_v through_o the_o contiguity_n of_o the_o fire_n among_o these_o body_n the_o moon_n make_v the_o great_a noise_n because_o its_o body_n be_v more_o continuous_a &_o its_o situation_n be_v near_a to_o the_o region_n of_o the_o air_n suppose_v two_o celestial_a body_n shall_v extraordinary_o meet_v &_o dash_v against_o one_o another_o they_o will_v make_v a_o indifferent_a audible_a noise_n because_o the_o peregrine_fw-la air_n be_v thereby_o more_o pen_v its_o obtrusion_n must_v necessary_o be_v the_o great_a a_o stella_fw-la cadens_fw-la or_o a_o fall_a star_n yield_v no_o noise_n because_o the_o air_n give_v way_n in_o itself_o as_o fast_o as_o the_o other_o can_v make_v way_n down_o but_o do_v it_o fall_v down_o swift_a than_o the_o air_n can_v give_v way_n then_o of_o necessity_n it_o must_v obtrude_v it_o and_o raise_v a_o sound_n or_o do_v it_o fall_v upon_o air_n be_v pen_v by_o it_o and_o another_o body_n it_o will_v do_v the_o same_o with_o more_o efficacy_n cloud_n rain_n and_o hail_n make_v a_o small_a noise_n in_o the_o air_n although_o not_o very_o sensible_a because_o the_o air_n be_v loose_a and_o free_a whereby_o it_o give_v way_n but_o where_o ever_o it_o be_v pen_v by_o they_o and_o other_o body_n they_o raise_v a_o sound_n hence_o hail_n and_o rain_n make_v a_o noise_n when_o they_o shroud_v the_o air_n between_o themselves_o and_o the_o earth_n hence_o it_o be_v also_o why_o stream_n or_o a_o channel_n of_o water_n be_v not_o hear_v unless_o where_o it_o beat_v smart_o against_o itself_o or_o against_o shallows_o of_o gravel_n or_o pibble_n focal_a fire_n glow_v or_o any_o thing_n within_o it_o make_v no_o noise_n in_o itself_o unless_o its_o body_n be_v render_v more_o continuous_a in_o a_o flame_n be_v beat_v against_o the_o air_n or_o the_o air_n be_v obtrude_v against_o it_o by_o another_o continuous_a body_n as_o by_o a_o fan_n or_o wind_n out_o of_o bellows_o a_o hiss_a noise_n be_v make_v in_o the_o air_n when_o it_o be_v smart_o percuss_v without_o be_v pen_v by_o any_o other_o body_n but_o by_o its_o own_o part_n and_o the_o percutient_fw-la hence_o it_o be_v that_o a_o bullet_n shoot_v or_o the_o switch_n of_o the_o air_n with_o a_o switch_n make_v a_o hiss_a noise_n but_o their_o noise_n be_v much_o alter_v where_o the_o air_n be_v pen_v by_o it_o and_o another_o solid_a body_n a_o quake_a noise_n as_o of_o a_o earthquake_n or_o the_o quaver_v upon_o a_o instrument_n proceed_v from_o the_o interruption_n &_o repetition_n of_o the_o percussion_n by_o how_o much_o the_o more_o the_o air_n be_v pen_v from_o all_o part_n the_o great_a and_o violent_a sound_n it_o make_v hence_o it_o be_v that_o the_o noise_n of_o a_o gun_n or_o of_o any_o thing_n burst_v be_v of_o that_o lowdness_n this_o also_o prove_v a_o cause_n why_o a_o soft_a whisper_n or_o blast_v of_o wind_n make_v a_o great_a sound_n improportionable_a to_o so_o soft_a a_o percussion_n in_o a_o trunk_n or_o any_o other_o close_o round_o long_a passage_n hence_o a_o trumpet_n or_o a_o hunter_n horn_n do_v make_v so_o great_a a_o noise_n and_o be_v so_o far_o propagate_v ix_o a_o sound_n be_v either_o reflex_n or_o refract_v a_o reflex_n sound_n be_v when_o it_o be_v propel_v against_o a_o continuous_a body_n by_o which_o it_o be_v repulse_v or_o whence_o it_o do_v rebound_v so_o that_o the_o reflection_n of_o a_o sound_n be_v nothing_o else_o but_o a_o rebound_v of_o it_o from_o a_o continuous_a body_n sound_n acquire_v a_o increase_n or_o a_o loud_a noise_n from_o their_o rebound_v in_o a_o like_a manner_n as_o light_n be_v intend_v by_o its_o reflection_n the_o great_a this_o reflection_n be_v the_o great_a noise_n it_o make_v the_o great_a reflection_n be_v when_o a_o sound_n be_v reflect_v by_o a_o circular_a reflect_a continuous_a body_n because_o the_o sound_n be_v circular_o propagate_v for_o a_o noise_n make_v in_o the_o open_a air_n be_v hear_v round_o about_o be_v equal_o reflect_v from_o all_o part_n and_o its_o part_n do_v as_o it_o be_v reflect_v back_o again_o against_o one_o another_o whereby_o the_o sound_n be_v majorate_v to_o its_o great_a intention_n hence_o it_o be_v that_o chapel_n be_v circular_o roof_v reflect_v a_o great_a sound_n and_o be_v their_o bottom_n also_o circular_a the_o sound_n will_v be_v by_o far_o more_o intend_v by_o the_o way_n take_v notice_n that_o a_o echo_n be_v not_o a_o reflection_n alone_o of_o a_o sound_n neither_o be_v it_o cause_v by_o it_o alone_o for_o all_o grant_n that_o there_o be_v a_o great_a reflection_n of_o a_o sound_n in_o chapel_n and_o yet_o there_o be_v no_o echo_n all_o sort_n of_o metal_n form_v into_o a_o concave_a as_o pel_n bowl_n make_v of_o metal_n &_o all_o sort_n of_o drink_v glass_n give_v a_o great_a sound_n for_o their_o ting_a noise_n be_v nothing_o else_o but_o a_o great_a intend_v reflext_v quake_v noise_n because_o the_o percussed_a sound_n be_v reflext_v circular_o within_o upon_o the_o connuated_a part_n of_o the_o say_a metal_n &_o glass_n from_o the_o same_o reason_n it_o be_v that_o all_o hollow_a continuate_v body_n as_o most_o sort_n of_o instrument_n viz._n virginal_n viol_n lute_n etc._n etc._n make_v so_o great_a and_o improportionable_a a_o sound_n to_o so_o small_a a_o percussion_n a_o man_n will_v imagine_v that_o the_o sound_v cause_v by_o strike_v of_o a_o string_n of_o a_o instrument_n shall_v come_v all_o from_o within_o the_o instrument_n and_o that_o there_o be_v no_o sound_n at_o all_o above_o but_o it_o be_v otherwise_o it_o be_v true_a the_o great_a sound_n be_v protrude_v from_o within_o nevertheless_o there_o be_v a_o sound_n also_o without_o but_o it_o be_v the_o lesser_a be_v overcome_v and_o drown_v by_o the_o protrusion_n of_o the_o great_a sound_n from_o within_o this_o be_v evident_a in_o
render_v of_o a_o very_a unequal_a temperature_n where_o the_o extraneous_a element_n unite_n together_o do_v raise_v a_o hollowness_n in_o the_o earth_n and_o infinuate_v into_o one_o another_o substance_n or_o body_n to_o which_o the_o coldness_n of_o the_o earth_n be_v very_o much_o conduce_v thereby_o gather_v or_o coagment_v the_o say_a element_n together_o and_o impel_v they_o into_o one_o another_o body_n and_o then_o close_v they_o firm_o all_o which_o it_o perform_v through_o its_o coldness_n through_o coldness_n understand_v its_o compress_v weighty_a minima_n wherefore_o do_v not_o still_o abide_v in_o your_o obstinate_a conceit_n that_o it_o be_v the_o sun_n which_o be_v the_o efficient_a cause_n of_o mineral_n and_o stone_n for_o that_o be_v absurd_a i_o prove_v it_o that_o which_o be_v the_o main_a efficient_a of_o stone_n and_o metal_n must_v be_v a_o contract_n condense_a and_o indurate_a substance_n but_o the_o sun_n be_v no_o contract_n condense_a or_o indurate_a substance_n ergo_fw-la the_o sun_n can_v be_v the_o efficient_a of_o stone_n and_o metal_n the_o major_n be_v undeniable_a i_o confirm_v the_o minor_a by_o prove_v the_o contrary_a namely_o that_o the_o sun_n do_v mollify_v because_o its_o flame_n be_v soft_a and_o all_o heat_n be_v soft_a for_o soften_a be_v nothing_o else_o but_o to_o dispose_v a_o body_n to_o bend_v easy_o into_o its_o self_n if_o press_v from_o without_o but_o earth_n rarefy_v by_o fire_n do_v easy_o bend_v into_o itself_o if_o press_v from_o without_o ergo_fw-la the_o minor_a be_v evident_a because_o whatever_o be_v thorough_o hot_a &_o fiery_a be_v soft_a as_o we_o see_v in_o red-hot_a iron_n in_o alive_a flesh_n and_o all_o vegetable_n so_o that_o by_o how_o much_o the_o more_o heat_n a_o body_n have_v by_o so_o much_o the_o soft_a it_o be_v provide_v quod_fw-la cetera_fw-la sint_fw-la paria_fw-la further_o what_o heat_n be_v there_o under_o the_o earth_n i_o confess_v there_o be_v more_o and_o less_o coldness_n under_o it_o but_o no_o predominate_a heat_n what_o heat_n can_v there_o be_v in_o greenland_n especial_o under_o the_o earth_n and_o yet_o it_o be_v certain_a that_o many_o rock_n and_o stone_n be_v generate_v there_o they_o may_v as_o well_o say_v that_o fire_n be_v the_o efficient_a cause_n of_o all_o those_o island_n of_o ice_n again_o so_o much_o as_o a_o substance_n consist_v of_o coldness_n and_o earth_n by_o so_o much_o it_o participate_v of_o hardness_n or_o by_o how_o much_o the_o less_o heat_n a_o body_n consist_v of_o so_o much_o the_o less_o hardness_n it_o partake_v of_o the_o matter_n of_o a_o stone_n in_o the_o kidney_n or_o in_o the_o bladder_n be_v sofe_o when_o it_o fluctuate_v within_o the_o vessal_n but_o be_v detain_v in_o the_o kidney_n its_o heat_n be_v diminish_v either_o through_o the_o intense_a heat_n of_o the_o kidney_n which_o do_v dissipate_v and_o attract_v the_o lesser_a heat_n from_o the_o matter_n retain_v in_o the_o cavity_n of_o the_o kidney_n through_o which_o ecess_n of_o heat_n the_o terrestrial_a and_o thick_a waterish_a part_n be_v coagulate_v and_o be_v close_v together_o through_o the_o depress_v coldness_n of_o the_o intrinsic_a earth_n and_o water_n the_o same_o matter_n be_v retain_v in_o kidney_n of_o a_o cold_a temperament_n do_v immediate_o through_o that_o degree_n of_o coldness_n coagulate_a and_o grow_v hard_a the_o stone_n in_o the_o bladder_n be_v general_o hard_a than_o the_o stone_n in_o the_o kidney_n because_o the_o one_o be_v of_o a_o far_o cold_a that_o be_v less_o hot_a temperament_n than_o the_o other_o that_o in_o the_o kidney_n be_v more_o friable_a whereas_o the_o stone_n in_o the_o bladder_n be_v affect_v with_o a_o continuous_a firm_a thick_a waterish_a hardness_n this_o i_o can_v witness_v by_o a_o stone_n be_v take_v from_o a_o patient_n by_o section_n which_o that_o most_o learned_a and_o expert_a physician_n dr._n george_n bate_v show_v i_o six_o or_o seven_o year_n ago_o this_o stone_n be_v perduce_v to_o that_o hardness_n that_o i_o be_o confident_a a_o ordinary_a smart_a stroke_n of_o a_o hammer_n can_v scarce_o break_v it_o yet_o when_o it_o be_v within_o the_o bladder_n it_o be_v far_o distant_a from_o such_o a_o hardness_n for_o a_o piece_n of_o the_o catheter_n be_v unaware_o run_v into_o the_o body_n of_o the_o stone_n and_o break_v in_o it_o which_o be_v afterward_o take_v out_o with_o it_o but_o after_o it_o have_v be_v expose_v a_o little_a while_n to_o the_o air_n it_o grow_v immediate_o to_o that_o hardness_n what_o can_v be_v the_o cause_n of_o this_o but_o the_o hot_a part_n of_o the_o stone_n exhale_v into_o the_o air_n whereby_o the_o cold_a part_n fall_v close_o and_o thereby_o arrive_v to_o a_o great_a hardness_n the_o error_n of_o fernelius_n be_v obvious_a in_o that_o he_o state_v the_o intense_a heat_n of_o the_o kidney_n to_o be_v the_o cause_n of_o a_o lithiasis_n for_o it_o happen_v as_o freqent_o in_o kidney_n of_o a_o cold_a temperament_n neither_o be_v it_o a_o insita_fw-la renum_fw-la arenosa_fw-la calculosaque_fw-la dispositio_fw-la a_o parentibus_fw-la contracta_fw-la hereditary_a fix_v fabulous_a and_o calculous_a disposition_n as_o the_o same_o author_n conceive_v which_o do_v consist_v in_o a_o degree_n of_o temperament_n of_o the_o solid_a part_n of_o the_o kidney_n for_o stone_n have_v be_v generate_v in_o kidney_n of_o all_o kind_n of_o temperament_n neither_o can_v it_o be_v say_v to_o be_v hereditary_a for_o many_o a_o man_n have_v be_v trouble_v with_o the_o stone_n who_o issue_n never_o be_v so_o much_o as_o dispose_v to_o it_o and_o on_o the_o other_o side_n many_o a_o man_n have_v be_v miserable_o torment_v with_o the_o stone_n or_o duelech_n as_o paracelsus_n term_v it_o who_o parent_n never_o discern_v the_o least_o symptom_n of_o a_o stone_n within_o their_o body_n nevertheless_o as_o i_o say_v before_o the_o temperature_n of_o the_o kidney_n add_v much_o to_o the_o accelerate_n of_o a_o lithiasis_n it_o be_v then_o certain_a that_o the_o great_a cause_n of_o lapidation_n or_o 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d be_v internal_a depend_v upon_o the_o predominance_n of_o earth_n or_o coldness_n over_o the_o other_o element_n in_o a_o mixture_n the_o focus_n or_o uterus_fw-la as_o van_n helmont_n term_v it_o that_o be_v the_o place_n where_o a_o stone_n or_o gravel_n be_v generate_v must_v be_v a_o close_a hollow_a place_n wherefore_o nothing_o can_v arrive_v to_o this_o close_a hollow_a place_n unless_o it_o be_v liquid_a for_o a_o thick_a or_o course_n body_n will_v be_v intercept_v before_o it_o can_v reach_v thither_o this_o liquid_a matter_n be_v now_o lodge_v within_o this_o cavity_n the_o hot_a part_n do_v exhale_v because_o now_o through_o the_o hollowness_n of_o the_o place_n they_o have_v get_v liberty_n to_o dislate_v and_o free_v themselves_o from_o the_o heavy_a terrestrial_a and_o thick_a aqueous_a part_n whereas_o fore_o when_o they_o be_v keep_v close_o together_o through_o channel_n and_o lodge_v shut_v close_o upon_o they_o the_o hot_a part_n be_v firm_o contain_v within_o and_o bind_v up_o this_o be_v necessary_o and_o certain_o demonstrative_a and_o infer_v that_o where_o ever_o close_a hollowness_n be_v grove_v and_o that_o liquid_a matter_n contain_v terrestrial_a and_o aqueous_a part_n in_o it_o may_v reach_v to_o they_o there_o certain_o stone_n and_o metal_n can_v and_o may_v be_v generate_v by_o virtue_n of_o this_o position_n i_o shall_v prove_v and_o show_v by_o and_o by_o that_o stone_n and_o metal_n may_v be_v generate_v in_o most_o hollow_a part_n of_o the_o body_n of_o man_n but_o to_o pursue_v my_o discourse_n the_o hot_a part_n be_v now_o free_v from_o the_o terrestrial_a part_n and_o inhere_v in_o subtle_a airy_a serosiry_n do_v with_o more_o ease_n and_o force_n procure_v their_o passage_n through_o this_o close_a and_o hollow_a prison_n than_o they_o make_v their_o way_n thither_o leave_v the_o terrestrial_a and_o aqueous_a part_n behind_o they_o for_o a_o ransom_n which_o by_o degree_n be_v coagulate_v more_o and_o more_o according_a to_o the_o expulsion_n of_o the_o fiery_a and_o airy_a part_n understand_v also_o the_o reason_n of_o the_o qualification_n of_o the_o focus_n or_o womb_n of_o stone_n and_o metal_n 1._o it_o must_v be_v hollow_a the_o reason_n of_o this_o be_v set_v down_o already_o 2._o it_o must_v be_v close_o for_o be_v it_o not_o close_o but_o open_a the_o terrestrial_a and_o aqueous_a matter_n can_v not_o be_v detain_v there_o but_o will_v have_v as_o free_v a_o passage_n as_o the_o thin_a part_n beside_o closeness_n conduce_v to_o keep_v out_o extrinsic_a heat_n which_o otherwise_o will_v again_o dissolve_v and_o mollify_v the_o work_n wherefore_o the_o hard_a stone_n and_o metal_n be_v find_v some_o degree_n below_o the_o surface_n of_o the_o earth_n and_o i_o dare_v confident_o assert_v that_o if_o metal_n
1._o that_o the_o disburden_v of_o the_o eastern_a river_n into_o the_o ocean_n be_v not_o the_o cause_n of_o its_o circulation_n neither_o be_v the_o sun_n or_o moon_n the_o principal_a cause_n of_o this_o motion_n 2._o the_o periodical_a course_n of_o the_o ocean_n the_o cause_n of_o the_o high_a and_o low_a water_n of_o the_o ocean_n 3._o how_o it_o be_v possible_a that_o the_o ocean_n shall_v move_v so_o swift_o as_o in_o 24_o hour_n and_o somewhat_o more_o to_o flow_v about_o the_o terrestrial_a globe_n 4._o a_o further_a explanation_n of_o the_o cause_n of_o the_o intumescence_n and_o detumescence_n of_o the_o ocean_n the_o cause_n of_o the_o anticipation_n of_o the_o flood_n of_o the_o ocean_n 5._o that_o the_o sun_n intense_a heat_n in_o the_o torrid_a zone_n be_v a_o potent_a adjuvant_fw-la cause_n of_o the_o ocean_n circulation_n and_o likewise_o the_o minima_n descend_v from_o the_o moon_n and_o the_o polar_a region_n i._o have_v in_o one_o of_o the_o chapt._n of_o the_o precedent_a book_n pose_v a_o demonstrative_a and_o evident_a ground_n of_o the_o universal_a course_n of_o the_o great_a ocean_n and_o the_o straitness_n of_o that_o chapt._n not_o permit_v the_o finish_n of_o the_o fabric_n intend_v by_o we_o upon_o it_o therefore_o this_o present_a plain_n shall_v serve_v for_o to_o complete_a the_o delineation_n thereof_o but_o encounter_v with_o some_o rocky_a stone_n thereon_o it_o be_v requisite_a they_o shall_v be_v roll_v aside_o before_o the_o say_a atlantic_a wave_n may_v procure_v a_o necessary_a assent_n of_o the_o true_a cause_n of_o their_o daily_a circular_a float_v the_o conceit_n of_o some_o philosopher_n have_v induce_v they_o to_o state_n the_o copious_a irreption_n of_o many_o large_a and_o deep_a river_n into_o the_o eoan_a sea_n for_o the_o principal_a cause_n of_o its_o circulation_n the_o which_o tumefy_v its_o body_n do_v thereby_o press_v it_o westward_o this_o solution_n seem_v void_a of_o all_o reason_n the_o evacuation_n of_o the_o presuppose_a river_n have_v no_o proportion_n to_o the_o replenish_n of_o so_o extend_v a_o body_n as_o the_o ocean_n scarce_o of_o a_o lake_n or_o a_o inland_n sea_n as_o we_o have_v observe_v of_o the_o lake_n haneygaban_n and_o the_o euxian_a sea_n beside_o many_o great_a river_n disburden_v themselves_o into_o the_o occiduan_n sea_n may_v upon_o the_o same_o ground_n return_v the_o course_n of_o the_o ocean_n eastward_o but_o imagine_v it_o be_v so_o why_o shall_v not_o the_o say_a tumefaction_n rather_o incline_v the_o sea_n westward_o than_o further_a eastward_o other_o reject_v the_o former_a opinion_n have_v in_o their_o fancy_n groven_v the_o ground_n whereon_o the_o sea_n beat_v deep_a and_o deep_o towards_o the_o west_n and_o so_o the_o ground_n be_v situate_v high_a in_o the_o east_n shelve_v down_o gradual_o to_o the_o west_n the_o sea_n do_v through_o its_o natural_a gravity_n roll_v itself_o to_o the_o deep_a &_o low_a plane_n but_o then_o the_o eastern_a water_n be_v arrive_v to_o the_o west_n how_o shall_v they_o return_v to_o the_o east_n again_o for_o to_o continue_v the_o say_a motion_n wherefore_o this_o opinion_n may_v take_v its_o place_n among_o the_o castle_n in_o the_o air_n shall_v we_o then_o ascribe_v the_o cause_n of_o this_o motion_n to_o the_o rarefaction_n of_o the_o sea_n through_o the_o beam_n of_o the_o sun_n which_o as_o it_o be_v successive_o rarefy_v do_v swell_v and_o press_v its_o precede_a part_n forward_o as_o touch_v the_o moon_n she_o can_v come_v into_o consideration_n here_o as_o be_v rather_o note_v for_o condensation_n than_o rarefaction_n first_o i_o deny_v that_o the_o sun_n do_v any_o whit_n rarify_v the_o eastern_a ocean_n because_o according_a to_o their_o tenent_n the_o rarefaction_n of_o the_o sea_n happen_v through_o the_o commotion_n of_o the_o subsidency_n and_o terrestrial_a exhalation_n contain_v within_o the_o bowel_n of_o the_o sea_n and_o scatter_v through_o its_o substance_n whereby_o it_o become_v tumefy_v which_o i_o grant_v in_o case_n the_o sun_n cast_v its_o beam_n oblique_o into_o the_o depth_n of_o the_o ocean_n but_o i_o prove_v the_o contrary_a suppose_v the_o sun_n do_v cast_v its_o beam_n direct_o into_o the_o eastern_a water_n in_o egypt_n it_o seldom_o rain_v because_o the_o sun_n cast_v its_o beam_n direct_o into_o the_o water_n do_v through_o the_o same_o degree_n of_o heat_n through_o which_o it_o may_v raise_v vapour_n dissolve_v they_o again_o likewise_o in_o the_o east_n ocean_n the_o sun_n subtilize_v the_o water_n do_v doubtless_o through_o its_o heat_n commove_v exhalation_n and_o subsidency_n but_o the_o water_n be_v through_o the_o same_o heat_n attenuate_v be_v render_v uncapable_a of_o sustain_v those_o terrestrial_a body_n wherefore_o they_o sink_v deep_o to_o the_o ground_n rather_o cause_v a_o detumescence_n of_o the_o sea_n i_o have_v always_o observe_v that_o water_n swell_v more_o through_o the_o cold_a than_o heat_n and_o that_o inundation_n happen_v for_o the_o most_o part_n after_o a_o frost_n beside_o it_o be_v obvious_a that_o river_n be_v much_o tumefy_v when_o they_o be_v freeze_v and_o that_o by_o reason_n of_o the_o foresay_a tumefaction_n inundation_n happen_v more_o frequent_o in_o the_o winter_n than_o at_o any_o other_o time_n of_o the_o year_n des-cartes_n imagine_v the_o compression_n of_o the_o moon_n together_o with_o the_o earth_n motion_n about_o her_o own_o axis_n to_o be_v the_o cause_n of_o the_o water_n circular_a motion_n press_v it_o from_o east_n to_o west_n and_o the_o variation_n of_o this_o pressure_n to_o depend_v upon_o the_o various_a removal_n of_o the_o moon_n from_o the_o centre_n of_o the_o earth_n effect_v the_o anticipation_n and_o various_a celerity_n of_o the_o water_n motion_n so_o that_o where_o the_o earth_n be_v obvert_v to_o the_o face_n of_o the_o moon_n there_o the_o water_n must_v be_v at_o their_o low_a be_v press_v towards_o the_o next_o quarter_n of_o the_o surface_n where_o they_o be_v at_o their_o high_a whence_o they_o be_v carry_v about_o through_o the_o earth_n proper_a motion_n etc._n etc._n 1._o i_o deny_v his_o supposition_n of_o the_o earth_n motion_n as_o be_v fabulous_a which_o we_o have_v confute_v elsewhere_o he_o may_v as_o well_o assert_v that_o there_o be_v as_o many_o neptune_n under_o water_n move_v it_o circular_o as_o aristotle_n state_v intelligency_n to_o drive_v the_o heaven_n for_o even_o this_o he_o may_v excuse_v by_o say_v it_o be_v but_o a_o assumption_n to_o prove_v a_o phaenomenon_n of_o the_o water_n 2._o what_o need_v he_o to_o affirm_v a_o tumour_n of_o the_o water_n for_o since_o he_o assume_v the_o earth_n to_o move_v circular_o we_o can_v but_o grant_v that_o the_o water_n must_v also_o move_v with_o it_o as_o constitute_v one_o globe_n together_o 5._o why_o do_v he_o in_o vain_a reassume_a in_o the_o 55_o sect._n that_o outwear_v doctr._n of_o aristotle_n touch_v the_o moon_n drive_v of_o the_o water_n which_o argue_v he_o to_o be_v very_o unconstant_a with_o himself_o 4._o his_o state_v the_o air_n to_o be_v so_o complicable_a and_o soft_a a_o body_n render_v it_o very_o unfit_a for_o compress_v and_o drive_v so_o vast_a and_o weighty_a a_o body_n as_o the_o ocean_n 5._o can_v any_o one_o rational_o or_o probable_o conceive_v that_o the_o sun_n much_o less_o the_o moon_n be_v so_o remore_n and_o who_o forcible_a effect_n be_v so_o little_o feel_v by_o sublunary_a body_n shall_v be_v capable_a of_o drive_v so_o deep_a so_o large_a and_o so_o heavy_a a_o body_n as_o the_o ocean_n which_o be_v as_o powerful_a to_o resist_v through_o its_o extreme_a gravity_n as_o all_o the_o celestial_a body_n be_v potent_a to_o move_v through_o their_o extreme_a lightness_n what_o because_o the_o ocean_n and_o the_o moon_n move_v one_o way_n therefore_o the_o one_o must_v either_o follow_v or_o move_v the_o other_o what_o can_v a_o passion_n so_o durable_a and_o constant_a and_o so_o equal_a depend_v upon_o a_o violent_a cause_n since_o then_o such_o fancy_n be_v ridiculous_a and_o not_o to_o be_v propose_v by_o any_o philosopher_n let_v we_o now_o proceed_v in_o the_o unfolding_n of_o so_o difficult_a and_o admirable_a a_o matter_n as_o the_o course_n of_o the_o ocean_n which_o we_o have_v former_o demonstrate_v to_o flow_v about_o the_o earth_n once_o in_o 12_o hour_n and_o somewhat_o more_o ii_o moreover_o beside_o this_o single_a motion_n make_v a_o sharp_a inspection_n into_o the_o drift_n of_o the_o ocean_n it_o will_v appear_v to_o we_o to_o absolve_v a_o compound_a periodical_a course_n in_o a_o perfixt_a time_n namely_o in_o 15_o day_n which_o space_n may_v be_v call_v a_o marinal_n or_o nautical_a month_n the_o meaning_n hereof_o be_v imagine_v a_o part_n of_o the_o ocean_n to_o flow_v circular_o from_o a_o certain_a point_n or_o more_o plain_o a_o bowl_n to_o roll_v circular_o
to_o my_o apprehension_n all_o that_o country_n must_v necessary_o be_v subject_v to_o such_o deluge_n since_o it_o swim_v upon_o the_o water_n touch_v inland_a inundation_n as_o that_o which_o befall_v friesland_n in_o the_o year_n 1218_o where_o near_o 100000_o person_n be_v bury_v in_o the_o water_n and_o that_o of_o holland_n and_o zealand_n in_o the_o reign_n of_o charles_n the_o five_o emperor_n of_o germany_n in_o the_o year_n 1531._o and_o several_a time_n since_o as_o that_o of_o the_o last_o year_n when_o a_o great_a part_n of_o the_o country_n all_o about_o gorcum_n be_v seize_v upon_o by_o inland_a water_n their_o cause_n be_v to_o be_v attribute_v to_o torrent_n stream_v down_o out_o of_o the_o melt_a snow_n as_o also_o to_o the_o swell_a of_o the_o inland_a water_n through_o receive_v a_o great_a quantity_n of_o frosty_a minima_n pour_v down_o from_o the_o north_n in_o a_o cold_a winter_n the_o river_n of_o nile_n prove_v yearly_o extravagant_a in_o egypt_n for_o two_o month_n and_o ten_o day_n because_o be_v situate_v very_o low_o it_o be_v oblige_v to_o receive_v the_o superfluity_n of_o water_n fall_v from_o above_o out_o of_o several_a great_a river_n and_o lake_n as_o the_o lake_n zembre_n saslan_n nuba_n and_o the_o river_n cabella_n tagazi_n ancona_n coror_fw-la and_o many_o other_o beside_o the_o water_n which_o it_o draw_v from_o the_o hill_n and_o other_o ground_n these_o river_n and_o lake_n do_v constant_o swell_v every_o year_n by_o reason_n of_o the_o great_a rain_n that_o fall_v there_o at_o certain_a time_n of_o the_o year_n beside_o the_o heat_n of_o the_o sun_n exercise_v its_o power_n very_o vigorous_o near_o the_o latter_a end_n of_o may_n do_v very_o much_o subtilise_v and_o rarefie_v those_o water_n whereby_o they_o be_v render_v more_o fluid_a penetrate_a and_o copious_a and_o last_o the_o sun_n converse_v in_o the_o northern_a declination_n do_v impel_v the_o ocean_n strong_a against_o the_o northern_a shore_n whereby_o the_o water_n be_v also_o much_o increase_v hence_o it_o be_v that_o the_o water_n of_o the_o nile_n be_v so_o subtle_a that_o they_o deceive_v the_o air_n in_o carry_v of_o they_o up_o in_o vapour_n viz._n because_o they_o be_v so_o subtle_o strain_v no_o wonder_n then_o if_o they_o prove_v so_o healthy_a the_o same_o cause_n be_v appliable_a to_o the_o excessive_a increase_n of_o the_o river_n ganges_n padus_n arrius_n danow_n tiber_n and_o athesis_n chap._n x._o of_o the_o cause_n of_o the_o beforementioned_a property_n of_o lake_n 1._o whence_o the_o lake_n asphaltites_n be_v so_o strong_a for_o sustain_v of_o weighty_a body_n and_o why_o it_o breed_v no_o fish_n the_o cause_n of_o quality_n contrary_a to_o these_o in_o other_o lake_n the_o cause_n of_o the_o effect_n of_o the_o lake_n lerna_n 2._o whence_o the_o virtue_n of_o the_o lake_n eaug_fw-mi of_o thrace_n gerasa_n the_o lake_n among_o the_o troglodyte_n clitorius_n laumond_n vadimon_n and_o benaco_n be_v derive_v 3._o whence_o the_o property_n of_o the_o lake_n larius_n pilat_n pool_n and_o the_o lake_n of_o laubach_n emanate_n i._o what_o the_o cause_n of_o those_o effect_n of_o the_o lake_n asphaltites_n shall_v be_v the_o name_n seem_v to_o contain_v viz._n the_o water_n glue_v together_o by_o a_o incrassated_a air_n and_o condense_a fire_n constitute_v the_o body_n of_o a_o certain_a bitumen_n call_v asphaltos_n whence_o the_o say_a lake_n do_v also_o derive_v its_o name_n it_o be_v uncapable_a of_o breed_a fish_n because_o through_o its_o sulphureous_a thickness_n it_o suffocate_v all_o vital_a flame_n on_o the_o contrary_a the_o lake_n avernum_fw-la although_o deep_o 360_o fathom_n and_o that_o of_o aethiopia_n be_v so_o much_o subtilise_v through_o the_o pass_n of_o rarefy_a air_n that_o they_o be_v uncapable_a of_o sustain_v the_o least_o weight_n touch_v their_o pernicious_a quality_n to_o fowl_n it_o must_v be_v attribute_v to_o the_o venomous_a spirit_n permixt_v with_o that_o rarefy_a air_n infect_v the_o whole_a element_n of_o air_n as_o far_o as_o it_o cover_v they_o the_o lake_n lorna_n and_o the_o other_o in_o portugal_n cause_v their_o effect_n through_o the_o permixture_n of_o a_o quantity_n of_o crude_a nitrous_a body_n which_o prove_v very_o depress_v that_o lake_n of_o aethiopia_n be_v unctuous_a through_o the_o admixture_n of_o incrassated_a air_n ii_o the_o lake_n eaug_fw-mi in_o ireland_n acquire_v a_o sideropoetick_a virtue_n under_o water_n from_o the_o imbibition_n of_o crude_a aluminous_a juice_n by_o mean_n of_o their_o indurate_n and_o constrictive_a virtue_n change_v wood_n stick_v in_o the_o mud_n into_o a_o iron-like_a substance_n that_o part_n which_o be_v under_o water_n into_o a_o stone-like_a substance_n because_o of_o the_o diminution_n of_o the_o say_v aluminous_a juice_n which_o through_o their_o weight_n be_v more_o copious_a in_o the_o mud_n the_o part_n of_o the_o wood_n that_o stick_v out_o of_o the_o water_n remain_v wood_n as_o be_v beyond_o the_o reach_n of_o the_o say_v heavy_a juice_n the_o lake_n of_o thrace_n and_o gerasa_n prove_v pernicious_a through_o admixture_n of_o crude_a arsenical_a exhalation_n the_o lake_n among_o the_o troglodyte_n be_v mercurial_a be_v infestuous_a to_o the_o brain_n the_o lake_n clitorius_n through_o its_o nitrosity_n disturb_v the_o stomach_n and_o attract_v a_o great_a quantity_n of_o moisture_n to_o it_o and_o infect_v it_o with_o a_o offensive_a quality_n cause_v a_o loathe_n of_o all_o liquor_n the_o sudden_a tempest_n befalling_a the_o lake_n laumond_n and_o vadimon_n be_v cause_v through_o wind_n break_v out_o of_o the_o earth_n through_o the_o water_n lake_n resist_v induration_n by_o frost_n through_o igneous_a expiration_n pervade_v they_o the_o lake_n benacus_n show_v its_o fury_n when_o its_o internal_a wind_n be_v excite_v by_o external_a one_o cause_v a_o concussion_n and_o a_o rage_n in_o the_o water_n like_v unto_o a_o aguish_a body_n which_o be_v dispose_v to_o a_o shake_a fit_n by_o every_o sharp_a wind_n raise_v the_o sharp_a wind_n within_o iii_o the_o river_n abda_n pass_v free_o through_o the_o lake_n larius_n without_o any_o commotion_n of_o its_o body_n because_o the_o water_n of_o the_o lake_n through_o their_o extreme_a crassitude_n be_v depress_v downward_o and_o so_o be_v constitute_v atop_o in_o a_o rigid_a posture_n whereas_o the_o river_n be_v impel_v forward_o and_o very_o little_a downward_o but_o be_v it_o to_o flow_v through_o a_o shallow_a water_n who_o quantity_n do_v not_o bear_v any_o proportion_n to_o receive_v the_o pressure_n of_o the_o air_n downward_o against_o the_o earth_n they_o will_v soon_o communicate_v in_o stream_n 2._o the_o water_n of_o a_o lake_n differ_v much_o in_o crassitude_n and_o density_n from_o those_o of_o a_o river_n and_o therefore_o do_v exclude_v its_o stream_n the_o lake_n haneygaban_n do_v not_o visible_o disburden_v itself_o of_o those_o water_n but_o thrust_v cavern_n underneath_o into_o the_o earth_n raise_v all_o those_o hill_n through_o the_o intumescence_n of_o the_o say_a water_n that_o be_v near_o to_o she_o out_o of_o which_o some_o river_n do_v take_v their_o rice_n pilat_n pool_n be_v stir_v into_o a_o vehement_a fermentation_n by_o fling_v any_o press_a body_n into_o it_o because_o thereby_o those_o heterogeneous_a mineral_n juice_n viz._n vitriolat_a and_o sulphureous_a substance_n be_v raise_v mix_v together_o and_o bring_v to_o a_o fermentation_n and_o work_n through_o this_o fermentation_n the_o water_n swell_v and_o exceed_v its_o border_n but_o the_o water_n be_v clarify_v the_o commotion_n cease_v neither_o need_v any_o one_o wonder_n that_o so_o small_a a_o matter_n shall_v be_v the_o cause_n of_o so_o great_a a_o exestuation_n since_o one_o part_n of_o the_o water_n do_v stir_v up_o the_o other_o and_o so_o successive_o the_o whole_a pool_n come_v to_o be_v stir_v pool_n owe_v their_o rice_n to_o great_a rain_n or_o torrent_n which_o sometime_o do_v slow_a visible_o over_o the_o meadow_n or_o through_o river_n cause_v inundation_n sometime_o through_o cavern_n of_o the_o earth_n as_o that_o near_a laubach_n chap._n xi_o of_o the_o rice_n of_o fountain_n river_n and_o hill_n 1._o that_o fountain_n be_v not_o supply_v by_o rain_n 2._o aristotle_n opinion_n touch_v the_o rice_n of_o fountain_n examine_v 3._o the_o author_n assertion_n concern_v the_o rice_n of_o fountain_n the_o rice_n of_o many_o principal_a fountain_n of_o the_o world_n 4._o why_o holland_n be_v not_o mountainous_a 5._o that_o the_o first_o deluge_n be_v not_o the_o cause_n of_o hill_n 6._o whence_o that_o great_a quantity_n of_o water_n contain_v within_o the_o bowel_n of_o the_o earth_n be_v derive_v 7._o whence_o it_o be_v that_o most_o shore_n be_v mountainous_a why_o the_o island_n ferro_fw-la be_v not_o irrigate_v with_o any_o river_n why_o the_o earth_n be_v depress_v under_o the_o torrid_a zone_n and_o elevate_v towards_o the_o polar_n the_o
salin_a one_o iv._o send_fw-mi be_v materiate_v out_o of_o the_o subtle_a part_n of_o the_o matter_n effect_v taste_n wherefore_o all_o water_n that_o be_v discernible_a by_o taste_n emit_v their_o subtle_a part_n for_o scent_n but_o of_o this_o abundant_o before_o whither_o i_o must_v direct_v my_o reader_n v._o ice_n be_v water_n congeal_v or_o incrassated_a indurate_v or_o rather_o reduce_v to_o its_o natural_a state_n that_o which_o congeal_v the_o water_n or_o reduce_v it_o to_o its_o natural_a state_n be_v the_o absence_n or_o expulsion_n of_o those_o element_n that_o render_v it_o fluid_a viz._n fire_n and_o air_n these_o be_v expel_v by_o frosty_a minima_n fall_v down_o from_o the_o pole_n and_o compress_v or_o squeeze_v they_o both_o out_o of_o the_o body_n of_o water_n whence_o it_o be_v also_o that_o all_o water_n swell_v through_o the_o frost_n viz._n through_o their_o repletion_n with_o the_o say_a minima_n these_o be_v nothing_o but_o unite_v or_o point_v of_o earth_n adunit_v to_o so_o many_o unite_v of_o water_n free_v within_o their_o body_n from_o all_o air_n and_o fire_n and_o detrude_v from_o the_o polar_n towards_o the_o earth_n whither_o they_o be_v vigorous_o force_v down_o in_o a_o very_a close_a order_n into_o the_o surface_n of_o the_o water_n where_o arrive_v they_o press_v out_o the_o air_n and_o fire_n which_o be_v expel_v the_o superficial_a part_n of_o the_o water_n cleave_v natural_o to_o one_o another_o about_o those_o frosty_a minima_n the_o first_o beginning_n of_o a_o frost_n be_v take_v from_o the_o first_o decidence_n of_o frosty_a minima_n which_o in_o their_o pass_a cause_n a_o vehement_a compression_n and_o light_v upon_o our_o tact_n make_v we_o give_v they_o the_o name_n of_o cold_a because_o they_o compress_v our_o external_a part_n with_o a_o smart_n continuous_a compression_n thence_o fall_v upon_o the_o water_n if_o in_o a_o small_a quantity_n only_o do_v thicken_v it_o a_o little_a if_o in_o a_o great_a do_v forcible_o expel_v the_o air_n and_o fire_n which_o be_v expel_v a_o concretion_n of_o the_o water_n near_o its_o surface_n must_v natural_o follow_v if_o now_o it_o grow_v no_o cold_a and_o that_o these_o minima_n fall_n in_o no_o great_a quantity_n the_o ice_n continue_v at_o a_o stand_n but_o if_o otherwise_o than_o it_o proceed_v to_o a_o great_a induration_n and_o a_o large_a concretion_n and_o the_o deep_a the_o water_n do_v thicken_v the_o more_o acute_a the_o cold_a must_v be_v or_o the_o great_a quantity_n of_o acute_a and_o dense_a minima_n must_v follow_v for_o to_o further_a and_o continuate_a the_o say_a concretion_n because_o unless_o they_o be_v acuter_n than_o the_o former_a they_o will_v not_o be_v minute_n enough_o to_o pass_v the_o small_a porosity_n remain_v in_o the_o surface_n of_o the_o ice_n ice_n swim_v atop_o the_o water_n as_o long_o as_o it_o freeze_v not_o because_o it_o be_v less_o weighty_a for_o it_o be_v heavy_a but_o because_o its_o continuity_n and_o concretion_n together_o with_o the_o support_n of_o the_o air_n tend_v from_o the_o ground_n of_o the_o water_n towards_o its_o own_o element_n do_v detain_v it_o when_o it_o thaw_v the_o ice_n sink_v down_o because_o it_o be_v somewhat_o discontinue_v and_o melt_v and_o by_o reason_n of_o the_o same_o proportion_n of_o air_n descend_v and_o bear_v down_o upon_o it_o that_o be_v ascend_v before_o notwithstanding_o the_o thaw_n people_n do_v oft_o complain_v of_o a_o great_a cold_a two_o or_o three_o day_n after_o and_o especial_o in_o their_o foot_n which_o be_v nothing_o else_o but_o the_o same_o frosty_a minima_n repass_v out_o of_o the_o earth_n and_o water_n towards_o the_o element_n of_o air_n for_o to_o give_v way_n to_o the_o melt_a enter_v air_n and_o fire_n the_o frosty_a minima_n that_o begin_v to_o fall_v with_o a_o red_a evening_n sky_n denote_v the_o clearness_n of_o the_o air_n and_o passage_n do_v oft_o bring_v a_o furious_a cold_a with_o they_o because_o find_v no_o obstruction_n they_o fall_v very_o dense_o and_o acute_o upon_o we_o but_o those_o that_o fall_v through_o a_o cloudy_a air_n seldom_o cause_v violent_a cold_n because_o they_o be_v partly_o detain_v by_o the_o same_o cloud_n hence_o it_o be_v that_o most_o country_n that_o be_v beset_v with_o water_n as_o island_n peninsul_n etc._n etc._n and_o thence_o attain_v to_o a_o nebulous_a air_n be_v warm_a than_o other_o country_n although_o the_o former_a be_v remote_a from_o the_o ecliptic_a than_o these_o because_o their_o cloud_n obstruct_v and_o detain_v a_o part_n of_o the_o frosty_a minima_n and_o break_v the_o rest_n in_o their_o motion_n downward_o whence_o it_o be_v also_o that_o england_n be_v less_o cold_a in_o the_o winter_n than_o most_o part_n of_o france_n or_o germany_n although_o both_o be_v of_o a_o less_o northern_a declination_n than_o it_o the_o same_o cloud_n do_v likewise_o in_o the_o summer_n break_v the_o violence_n of_o the_o fiery_a minima_n descend_v whence_o it_o be_v also_o less_o hot_a here_o than_o in_o the_o forementioned_a place_n no_o wonder_n then_o if_o geographer_n do_v so_o much_o extol_v this_o island_n for_o the_o temperature_n of_o its_o climate_n vi_o this_o language_n be_v supply_v with_o a_o very_a apt_a distinction_n of_o frost_n viz._n a_o black_a frost_n a_o gray_a and_o a_o white_a frost_n the_o first_o of_o these_o be_v feel_v to_o be_v of_o the_o great_a fury_n insomuch_o that_o if_o it_o prove_v for_o any_o time_n last_v it_o dead_v the_o root_n of_o young_a plant_n and_o old_a tree_n kill_v all_o vermin_n and_o penetrate_v through_o the_o very_a periostium_fw-la of_o animal_n and_o depth_n of_o rivers_n it_o derive_v its_o violence_n from_o the_o extreme_a number_n of_o the_o descend_v frosty_a minima_n who_o density_n make_v the_o sky_n even_o look_v black_a again_o a_o gray_a frost_n be_v between_o a_o black_a and_o white_a one_o consist_v likewise_o of_o a_o dense_a proportion_n of_o descend_v minima_n a_o white_a frost_n be_v the_o incrassation_n of_o vapour_n in_o the_o lowermost_a region_n of_o the_o air_n among_o these_o a_o black_a frost_n be_v of_o the_o least_o continuance_n because_o the_o frosty_a minima_n tumble_v down_o in_o such_o vast_a quantity_n be_v soon_o purge_v out_o of_o the_o air_n here_o may_v be_v inquire_v why_o a_o frost_n usual_o begin_v and_o end_v with_o the_o change_n of_o the_o moon_n for_o solve_v of_o this_o you_o must_v observe_v that_o the_o cause_n of_o the_o decidence_n be_v 1._o their_o great_a number_n 2._o their_o congregate_a or_o congress_n touch_v the_o first_o unless_o their_o number_n be_v proportionable_a to_o bore_v and_o press_v through_o through_o the_o cloud_n and_o resistance_n of_o the_o air_n they_o be_v uncapable_a of_o descension_n for_o to_o cause_v a_o congelation_n and_o although_o their_o number_n be_v great_a and_o disperse_v they_o be_v nevertheless_o retain_v through_o the_o overpower_v of_o the_o cloud_n wherefore_o it_o be_v necessary_a a_o great_a quantity_n shall_v be_v unite_v into_o heap_n and_o so_o make_v their_o way_n through_o to_o these_o principal_a cause_n add_v this_o adjuvant_fw-la one_o viz._n the_o compression_n of_o the_o moon_n she_o at_o her_o change_n drive_v the_o frosty_a minima_n more_o forcible_o towards_o the_o pole_n through_o which_o impulsion_n they_o be_v withal_o thru_v one_o upon_o the_o other_o and_o unite_a into_o a_o body_n whence_o it_o be_v that_o they_o at_o those_o time_n do_v oft_o take_v their_o beginning_n of_o decidence_n again_o the_o moon_n near_o the_o same_o term_n impel_v the_o cloud_n and_o thick_a air_n thither_o do_v prove_v as_o frequent_v a_o occasion_n of_o disperse_v those_o frosty_a minima_n especial_o if_o much_o diminish_v of_o their_o body_n through_o precede_a decidency_n moreover_o these_o frosty_a minima_n although_o they_o be_v sometime_o break_v &_o disperse_v in_o their_o decidence_n through_o the_o say_a impulse_n yet_o sometime_o they_o do_v recover_v a_o body_n and_o make_v a_o new_a irruption_n downward_o and_o thence_o it_o be_v that_o oft_o time_n a_o frost_n hold_v for_o a_o day_n or_o two_o then_o thaw_v for_o as_o long_o and_o afterward_o return_v to_o freeze_a again_o vii_o in_o the_o next_o place_n i_o be_o to_o set_v down_o the_o original_n and_o rice_n of_o these_o frosty_a minima_n you_o may_v easy_o apprehend_v that_o the_o sun_n in_o the_o torrid_a zone_n and_o somewhat_o in_o the_o temperate_a one_o do_v daily_o raise_v a_o vast_a number_n and_o quantity_n of_o vapour_n chapter_n consist_v of_o most_o water_n than_o air_n next_o fire_n and_o earth_n which_o through_o the_o diurnal_a motion_n of_o the_o air_n be_v carry_v along_o from_o east_n to_o west_n and_o through_o daily_a succession_n of_o new_a vapour_n they_o be_v compel_v to_o detrude_v their_o precede_v one_o towards_o the_o pole_n whither_o they_o seem_v
of_o the_o siphon_n and_o the_o internal_a puss_v up_o of_o the_o water_n within_o the_o siphon_n do_v testify_v ii_o another_o kind_n of_o attraction_n not_o unlike_a to_o this_o be_v observable_a in_o boy_n their_o suck_a leather_n be_v wet_v and_o clap_v flat_a upon_o a_o stone_n and_o afterward_o draw_v up_o with_o a_o packthread_n fasten_v in_o it_o attract_v the_o stone_n with_o it_o the_o cause_n be_v alone_o the_o continuous_a cohesion_n of_o the_o water_n to_o the_o stone_n defend_v itself_o from_o the_o disruption_n of_o the_o air_n the_o which_o as_o soon_o as_o break_v through_o occasion_n the_o separation_n of_o the_o leather_n from_o the_o stone_n iii_o two_o smooth_a flat_a equal_a marble_n stone_n clap_v close_o one_o upon_o the_o other_o the_o uppermost_a attract_v the_o lowermost_a if_o equal_o lift_v up_o from_o their_o centre_n by_o a_o ring_n fasten_v to_o it_o because_o of_o the_o air_n through_o its_o continuity_n stick_v fast_o to_o the_o lowermost_a and_o the_o undermost_a stone_n but_o if_o disrupted_a through_o a_o unequal_a lift_v the_o lowermost_a stone_n fall_v in_o the_o same_o manner_n do_v a_o plain_a board_n cast_v upon_o the_o water_n attract_v it_o into_o a_o rise_n when_o lift_v up_o by_o the_o central_a part_n iv._o a_o wine-coopers_n pipe_n attract_v wine_n out_o of_o the_o bunghole_n of_o a_o cask_n the_o pipe_n be_v somewhat_o long_o and_o narrow_a towards_o the_o bottom_n and_o the_o top_n but_o wide_a in_o the_o middle_n which_o thrust_v open_a at_o both_o end_n into_o a_o cask_n full_a of_o wine_n through_o the_o bunghole_n and_o afterward_o apply_v one_o be_v thum_z close_o to_o the_o hole_n atop_o may_v attract_v a_o competent_a quantity_n of_o wine_n out_o of_o the_o vessel_n which_o with_o the_o open_n of_o the_o upper_a hole_n run_v out_o again_o but_o methinks_v that_o this_o and_o the_o forementioned_a attraction_n may_v rather_o be_v term_v cohesion_n or_o detension_n since_o that_o which_o do_v attract_v be_v the_o extrinsic_a attractor_n viz._n one_o arm_n the_o cause_n of_o its_o attraction_n be_v the_o immission_n of_o the_o pipe_n into_o the_o cask_n to_o a_o certain_a depth_n where_o the_o air_n be_v exclude_v from_o it_o and_o close_v with_o your_o thumb_n you_o will_v find_v a_o draw_n or_o suck_v to_o your_o thumb_n which_o be_v nothing_o else_o but_o the_o weight_n of_o the_o wine_n press_v downward_o and_o notwithstanding_o cleave_v fast_o to_o the_o continuity_n of_o your_o thumb_n which_o be_v continuous_a and_o obtuse_a do_v sustain_v the_o liquor_n continuate_v to_o it_o whereas_o be_v it_o subtle_a that_o it_o can_v give_v way_n as_o the_o free_a air_n it_o will_v not_o be_v contain_v so_o but_o suppose_v you_o thru_v a_o beaker_n with_o the_o mouth_n downward_o under_o water_n and_o stop_v a_o small_a hole_n make_v on_o the_o bottom_n of_o it_o with_o your_o thumb_n the_o water_n will_v not_o keep_v in_o there_o because_o the_o air_n will_v enter_v underneath_o through_o which_o the_o part_n of_o the_o water_n will_v be_v disunite_v and_o so_o desert_a the_o suppose_a cohesion_n of_o part_n why_o the_o wine_n descend_v at_o the_o open_n of_o the_o upper_a hole_n be_v through_o the_o impulse_n of_o the_o air_n enter_v v._o the_o suck_n of_o water_n through_o a_o reed_n by_o the_o mouth_n be_v effect_v by_o cause_v a_o flat_a close_o cohesion_n of_o your_o tongue_n and_o lip_n with_o the_o continuous_a part_n of_o water_n or_o air_n for_o what_o be_v contiguous_a can_v be_v suck_v unless_o by_o mean_n of_o its_o inherency_n in_o continuous_a body_n because_o its_o part_n be_v unapt_a to_o cohere_v to_o all_o these_o kind_n of_o cohesion_n or_o adhesion_n the_o closeness_n of_o side_n of_o those_o external_a body_n that_o cohere_v together_o through_o the_o internal_a cohesion_n of_o air_n do_v main_o contribute_v by_o keep_v off_o the_o discontinuate_a air_n as_o the_o closeness_n of_o the_o suck_a leather_n stick_v of_o the_o two_o marble_n stone_n of_o the_o side_n of_o the_o wine-coopers_n pipe_n of_o the_o lip_n in_o suck_v etc._n etc._n vi_o a_o sucker_n otherwise_o call_v a_o siphon_n be_v a_o pipe_n consist_v of_o two_o arm_n of_o a_o unequal_a length_n meet_v in_o a_o curvilineal_a angle_n attract_v water_n out_o of_o a_o vessel_n until_o it_o be_v all_o run_v out_o provide_v it_o be_v set_v run_v by_o suck_v the_o water_n down_o to_o the_o lowermost_a part_n of_o the_o long_a arm_n be_v place_v without_o the_o say_a vessel_n this_o instance_n give_v we_o a_o plain_a demonstration_n that_o attraction_n be_v cause_v by_o the_o mean_n of_o the_o cohesion_n of_o continuous_a part_n to_o other_o continuous_a one_o especial_o if_o separate_v through_o a_o close_a cane_n from_o divide_v body_n as_o the_o air_n and_o by_o the_o same_o cause_n keep_v close_o together_o for_o water_n as_o i_o say_v before_o will_v always_o through_o its_o weight_n and_o continuity_n cohere_v and_o keep_v close_o to_o its_o next_o central_a part_n and_o never_o separate_v unless_o through_o a_o disunion_n by_o the_o air_n or_o other_o body_n hence_o it_o be_v also_o that_o water_n be_v easy_o lead_v to_o any_o height_n source_n if_o impel_v by_o any_o force_n through_o a_o close_a pipe_n or_o by_o a_o sucker_n but_o why_o water_n contain_v within_o the_o short_a arm_n shall_v yield_v to_o water_v contain_v within_o the_o long_a may_v just_o be_v doubt_v the_o reason_n be_v because_o the_o water_n contain_v within_o the_o long_a pipe_n be_v more_o in_o quantity_n be_v heavy_a than_o the_o other_o and_o therefore_o prevail_v and_o be_v more_o dispose_v for_o to_o be_v press_v downward_o but_o than_o you_o may_v reply_v that_o the_o water_n of_o the_o short_a pipe_n be_v assist_v in_o weight_n by_o the_o other_o proportion_n contain_v within_o the_o capacity_n of_o the_o vessel_n i_o answer_v that_o the_o water_n of_o the_o short_a arm_n be_v impel_v forward_o through_o the_o pressure_n of_o the_o say_a water_n contain_v within_o the_o capacity_n of_o the_o vessel_n but_o not_o through_o its_o own_o gravity_n press_v downward_o towards_o the_o centre_n of_o the_o world_n for_o every_o proportion_n of_o water_n as_o i_o say_v before_o retain_v the_o nature_n of_o their_o universal_a element_n only_o strive_v for_o to_o maintain_v its_o own_o centre_n and_o therefore_o water_n if_o enjoy_v a_o centre_n within_o its_o own_o circumference_n wherever_o it_o be_v do_v not_o press_v or_o weigh_v but_o strive_v to_o maintain_v its_o nature_n in_o rest_n but_o that_o which_o do_v cause_n a_o force_n upon_o water_n downward_o in_o the_o vessel_n be_v the_o strong_a sink_v down_o of_o the_o air_n tend_v downward_o for_o its_o centre_n for_o otherwise_o water_n in_o a_o vessel_n will_v contain_v itself_o in_o a_o round_a figure_n which_o it_o can_v because_o it_o be_v reduce_v to_o a_o flatness_n by_o the_o sink_a air_n vii_o attraction_n by_o filtration_n be_v perform_v by_o cause_v one_o end_n of_o a_o piece_n of_o flannel_n or_o other_o woollen_a cloth_n to_o hang_v into_o any_o liquor_n over_o the_o brim_n of_o the_o contain_v vessel_n and_o the_o other_o end_n into_o a_o empty_a one_o whereby_o the_o light_a part_n of_o the_o water_n ascend_v up_o the_o cloth_n and_o distil_v into_o the_o other_o vessel_n this_o be_v effect_v by_o separate_v the_o thick_a part_n of_o water_n and_o rarefy_v it_o through_o the_o label_n subtle_a fibre_n whence_o the_o other_o heavy_a part_n of_o the_o water_n by_o descend_v downward_o and_o be_v press_v by_o the_o air_n do_v over-press_a its_o subtle_a and_o aerial_a part_n upward_o the_o grosser_n and_o heavy_a remain_v behind_o by_o this_o it_o appear_v that_o filtration_n and_o other_o kind_n of_o attraction_n already_o mention_v be_v not_o so_o much_o attraction_n as_o violent_a expulsion_n as_o the_o water_n of_o a_o sucker_n will_v not_o run_v out_o unless_o the_o long_a arm_n exceed_v the_o depth_n of_o the_o water_n in_o length_n so_o neither_o will_v water_v attract_v by_o a_o filter_n distil_v down_o into_o the_o empty_a vessel_n unless_o the_o distil_a label_n be_v low_a than_o the_o water_n contain_v within_o the_o other_o vessel_n for_o the_o same_o reason_n viii_o attraction_n effect_v by_o amber_n or_o other_o bituminous_a body_n otherwise_o call_v electrical_a attraction_n depend_v on_o emanation_n or_o continuous_a steam_n emit_v from_o amber_n especial_o if_o rub_v consist_v of_o incrassated_a air_n and_o fire_n be_v impel_v circular_o until_o where_o they_o be_v gather_v by_o a_o continuous_a body_n which_o if_o light_n do_v return_v with_o those_o emanation_n upward_o for_o the_o say_a emanation_n be_v diduct_v expansive_a and_o light_a be_v by_o the_o weighty_a comparatiuè_n vapourous_a air_n of_o this_o low_a region_n strive_v to_o keep_v their_o nearness_n to_o the_o centre_n squeeze_v
the_o first_o smart_n impulse_n the_o truth_n of_o the_o foresay_a reason_n and_o manner_n be_v apparent_a in_o shoot_v a_o pole_n through_o the_o water_n where_o we_o may_v see_v the_o water_n at_o the_o far_a end_n raise_v into_o a_o tumour_n which_o run_v body_n about_o the_o side_n to_o the_o other_o end_n cause_v its_o propulsion_n whence_o it_o be_v also_o that_o when_o there_o appear_v no_o more_o of_o the_o tumour_n of_o the_o water_n before_o the_o pole_n its_o motion_n do_v instant_o cease_v xi_o disruption_n or_o burst_v be_v a_o sudden_a separation_n of_o the_o part_n of_o a_o body_n through_o a_o violent_a force_n move_v from_o within_o this_o we_o see_v happen_v oft_o in_o canon_n when_o overcharge_v or_o in_o bottle_n fill_v with_o water_n be_v freeze_v in_o the_o winter_n o._n wine_n in_o the_o summer_n be_v close_o stop_v the_o cause_n of_o these_o latter_a must_v be_v impute_v to_o frosty_a or_o fiery_a minim_n enter_v through_o the_o pore_n of_o the_o bottle_n in_o great_a quantity_n than_o their_o capacity_n can_v take_v in_o and_o disrupt_v they_o for_o to_o avoid_v a_o penetration_n of_o body_n body_n be_v oft_o say_v to_o burst_v through_o dryness_n as_o instrument_n etc._n etc._n but_o very_o improper_o since_o it_o be_v the_o fiery_a or_o frosty_a minim_n enter_v their_o pore_n and_o fill_v their_o capacity_n and_o afterward_o disrupt_v they_o because_o of_o avoid_v a_o penetration_n of_o body_n so_o instrument-string_n be_v apt_a to_o break_v in_o moist_a weather_n because_o their_o continuation_n be_v disrupt_v through_o penetration_n of_o moist_a body_n into_o their_o pore_n undulation_n be_v a_o motion_n whereby_o a_o body_n be_v move_v to_o and_o fro_o like_a to_o water_v shake_v in_o a_o basin_n or_o to_o the_o motion_n of_o a_o bell._n the_o cause_n be_v likewise_o adscribe_v to_o the_o first_o motion_n of_o the_o impulsor_n which_o be_v terminate_v at_o the_o end_n of_o its_o return_n be_v beat_v back_o through_o the_o direct_a descent_n of_o the_o air_n impel_v it_o by_o reason_n it_o lie_v athwart_o recurrent_a motion_n be_v but_o little_a different_a from_o this_o i_o shall_v therefore_o say_v no_o more_o of_o it_o the_o cause_n of_o reflection_n be_v the_o return_n of_o the_o impulse_n impress_v upon_o the_o air_n or_o water_n both_o be_v media_fw-la deferentia_fw-la perpendicular_o or_o oblique_o upward_o from_o a_o hard_a and_o plane_n reflect_v body_n of_o refraction_n the_o cause_n be_v the_o shuve_v off_o of_o the_o impulse_n downward_o by_o the_o shelve_v side_n of_o a_o angular_a hard_a body_n chap._n xxi_o of_o fire_n be_v a_o introduction_n to_o a_o new_a astronomy_n 1._o the_o fire_n division_n into_o three_o region_n 2._o the_o qualification_n of_o the_o inferior_a region_n what_o the_o sun_n be_v what_o his_o torrid_a ray_n be_v and_o how_o generate_v 3._o how_o the_o other_o planet_n be_v generate_v 4._o how_o the_o fix_a star_n be_v generate_v 5._o a_o further_a explanation_n of_o the_o star_n their_o ventilation_n that_o there_o be_v many_o star_n within_o the_o planetary_a region_n that_o be_v invisible_a of_o the_o appearance_n of_o new_a star_n or_o comet_n of_o the_o galaxia_fw-la or_o milk-way_n 6._o that_o the_o fiery_a region_n be_v much_o attenuate_v i._o the_o ground_n of_o the_o fire_n tend_v downward_o you_o may_v easy_o collect_v from_o what_o i_o have_v set_v down_o touch_v the_o water_n and_o air_n commerce_n with_o the_o other_o element_n it_o be_v profundity_n we_o may_v likewise_o divide_v into_o three_o region_n the_o first_o whereof_o contain_v the_o planetary_a body_n the_o next_o the_o fix_a star_n and_o the_o three_o consist_v most_o of_o purefire_n ii_o the_o inferior_a region_n through_o its_o near_a approximation_n to_o the_o air_n and_o its_o immersion_n into_o it_o be_v cast_v into_o a_o subtle_a flame_n who_o subtlety_n do_v effuge_fw-la our_o sight_n and_o tact._n the_o sun_n be_v a_o great_a body_n generate_v out_o of_o the_o peregrin_n element_n contain_v in_o the_o inferior_a igneous_a region_n consist_v most_o of_o condense_a fire_n and_o incrassated_a air_n extend_v and_o blow_v up_o into_o the_o great_a flame_n and_o conglomerate_v within_o the_o great_a fiery_a cloud_n these_o igneous_a cloud_n be_v like_a to_o the_o windy_a cloud_n of_o the_o air_n which_o as_o they_o do_v daily_o blast_v down_o wind_n upon_o the_o earth_n so_o do_v these_o cast_v fiery_a ray_n among_o which_o that_o which_o surround_v the_o sun_n do_v vendicate_v the_o great_a power_n to_o itself_o the_o manner_n of_o cast_v of_o its_o fiery_a ray_n be_v the_o same_o with_o that_o of_o wind_n viz._n the_o region_n of_o fire_n force_v up_o vapour_n every_o day_n or_o continual_o a_o great_a quantity_n of_o air_n somewhat_o incrassated_a and_o condense_a into_o its_o own_o sphere_n through_o its_o descend_a force_n strive_v for_o a_o centre_n this_o incrassated_a and_o condense_a air_n be_v impel_v violent_o into_o the_o body_n of_o the_o star_n by_o other_o subtle_a flame_n as_o be_v more_o forcible_a to_o drive_v the_o say_v adventitious_a matter_n from_o they_o because_o their_o part_n be_v so_o close_o engage_v that_o they_o can_v scarce_o slow_a a_o minim_n without_o a_o penetration_n wherefore_o they_o must_v necessary_o be_v impel_v gradual_o into_o the_o body_n of_o the_o star_n because_o these_o be_v mix_v body_n that_o give_v way_n so_o much_o in_o themselves_o by_o expel_v fiery_a or_o torrid_a minima_n down_o into_o the_o air_n as_o to_o be_v capacious_a enough_o of_o receive_v so_o many_o airy_a particle_n as_o the_o elementary_a fire_n do_v force_v up_o every_o moment_n but_o before_o i_o proceed_v in_o unfolding_a the_o manner_n of_o the_o celestial_a mix_a body_n their_o ventilation_n i_o must_v insist_v somewhat_o further_o upon_o their_o constitution_n iii_o the_o celestial_a mix_a body_n be_v not_o only_o like_a to_o cloud_n in_o their_o daily_a and_o minutely_o ventilation_n but_o also_o in_o their_o constitution_n viz._n the_o inferior_a one_o as_o the_o planet_n be_v constitute_v out_o of_o the_o courser_n and_o more_o mix_a matter_n of_o the_o fine_a cloudy_a air_n in_o the_o inferior_a region_n of_o the_o element_n of_o fire_n like_o the_o cloud_n of_o the_o inferior_a region_n of_o air_n be_v constitute_v out_o of_o the_o courser_n part_n of_o vapour_n their_o coagulation_n be_v effect_v through_o the_o force_n of_o the_o fiery_a element_n crush_a their_o matter_n from_o below_o upward_o and_o again_o be_v repel_v back_o from_o the_o superior_a part_n of_o the_o say_v fiery_a element_n because_o through_o its_o be_v press_v up_o be_v scant_v of_o room_n and_o therefore_o do_v press_v downward_o not_o only_o for_o room_n but_o also_o because_o of_o reunite_a where_o they_o be_v divide_v by_o the_o say_v coagulate_v body_n now_o it_o may_v easy_o appear_v to_o you_o 1._o whence_o that_o rotundity_n or_o rather_o globosity_n do_v arrive_v to_o they_o viz._n because_o they_o be_v circular_o crush_v 2._o because_o the_o air_n and_o fire_n of_o the_o say_a planet_n do_v natural_o spread_v themselves_o equal_o from_o the_o centre_n to_o the_o circumference_n whence_o a_o circular_a figure_n must_v needs_o follow_v also_o 3._o that_o star_n be_v nothing_o else_o but_o the_o thick_a and_o denser_n part_n of_o the_o heaven_n coagulate_v into_o fiery_a mix_a body_n to_o wit_n flame_n 3._o that_o as_o they_o do_v decrease_v by_o ventilation_n every_o day_n so_o they_o do_v also_o increase_v by_o the_o introsusception_n of_o new_a aerial_a particle_n 4._o that_o they_o must_v necessary_o be_v very_o durable_a because_o of_o the_o duration_n of_o their_o cause_n for_o as_o the_o great_a force_n of_o the_o inferior_a part_n of_o the_o igneous_a heaven_n never_o desist_v from_o strive_v for_o the_o centre_n and_o do_v every_o day_n cast_v up_o great_a proportion_n of_o aerial_a matter_n so_o do_v the_o superior_a part_n never_o cease_v from_o compress_v they_o into_o the_o body_n of_o the_o other_o condense_a flame_n be_v dispose_v as_o i_o say_v before_o through_o their_o ventilation_n to_o receive_v they_o 2._o because_o the_o aerial_a part_n be_v get_v into_o the_o centre_n of_o the_o flame_n cease_v from_o all_o external_a local_a motion_n strive_v only_o to_o maintain_v their_o centre_n in_o rest_n iv._o fix_v star_n be_v generate_v out_o of_o the_o subtle_a part_n of_o the_o forementioned_a aerial_a evaporation_n fire_n be_v through_o their_o less_o resist_a gravity_n redound_v from_o water_n &_o earth_n in_o they_o render_v capable_a of_o be_v screw_v up_o high_o to_o the_o second_o region_n where_o they_o be_v coagulate_v through_o the_o same_o motion_n of_o the_o heaven_n that_o planetary_a cloud_n be_v these_o be_v responding_z to_o the_o permanent_a cloud_n of_o the_o second_o region_n of_o the_o air_n which_o as_o they_o be_v spread_v into_o more_o large_a
surface_n viii_o why_o do_v the_o herb_n of_o the_o sun_n vulgar_o call_v chrysantemum_n peruvianum_n or_o crowfoot_n of_o peru_n because_o its_o leave_n and_o flower_n resemble_v those_o of_o our_o crowfoot_n turn_v the_o face_n of_o its_o leave_n and_o flower_n about_o with_o the_o sun_n answ._n because_o the_o sun_n through_o its_o igneous_a beam_n do_v rarefie_v that_o side_n of_o the_o leave_n and_o flower_n which_o be_v obvert_v to_o it_o whereby_o he_o do_v expel_v their_o continuous_a stream_n who_o egress_n do_v attract_v or_o incline_v they_o that_o way_n whither_o they_o be_v expel_v in_o the_o same_o manner_n as_o we_o have_v explain_v the_o attraction_n of_o the_o loadstone_n ix_o why_o be_v the_o laurel_n seldom_o or_o never_o strike_v by_o lightning_n answ._n because_o it_o be_v circumve_v with_o a_o thick_a slimy_a moisture_n which_o do_v easy_o shove_v or_o slide_v off_o the_o glance_n of_o a_o lightning_n chap._n ii_o contain_v problem_n relate_v to_o water_n 1._o why_o be_v red_a hot_a iron_n render_v hard_a by_o be_v quench_v in_o cold_a water_n 2._o whence_o be_v it_o there_o fall_v a_o kind_n of_o small_a rain_n every_o day_n at_o noon_n under_o the_o aequinoctial_a region_n 3._o how_o glass_n be_v make_v 4._o whence_o it_o be_v that_o so_o great_a a_o mole_n as_o a_o ship_n yield_v to_o be_v turn_v by_o so_o small_a a_o thing_n as_o her_o rudder_n 5._o what_o the_o cause_n of_o a_o ship_n swim_v upon_o the_o water_n be_v 6._o whether_o all_o hard_a waterish_a body_n be_v free_v from_o fire_n i._o why_o be_v red_a hot_a iron_n render_v hard_a by_o be_v quench_v in_o cold_a water_n answ._n because_o the_o water_n do_v sudden_o pierce_v into_o the_o pore_n of_o iron_n be_v now_o open_a and_o violent_o expel_v the_o fire_n and_o air_n both_o which_o as_o we_o have_v show_v in_o b._n 1._o part_n 2._o be_v the_o sole_a cause_n of_o the_o softness_n of_o a_o body_n and_o be_v expel_v leave_v the_o same_o indurate_v by_o the_o weighty_a element_n press_v more_o forcible_o and_o hard_a to_o their_o centre_n ii_o whence_o be_v it_o that_o there_o fall_v a_o kind_n of_o small_a rain_n every_o day_n from_o 11_o or_o 12_o of_o the_o clock_n to_o 2_o or_o 3_o in_o the_o afternoon_n under_o the_o aequinoctial_a region_n answ._n the_o sun_n at_o his_o rise_n and_o descend_v do_v through_o his_o oblique_a ray_n excite_v a_o multitude_n of_o small_a vapour_n which_o through_o the_o privative_a coldness_n of_o the_o air_n in_o the_o night_n be_v concrease_v into_o small_a cloud_n but_o reduce_v into_o drop_n of_o rain_n through_o the_o sun_n rarefaction_n or_o fiery_a minim_n when_o he_o be_v perpendicular_o imminent_a upon_o they_o iii_o how_o be_v glass_n make_v answ._n the_o matter_n of_o ordinary_a glass_n be_v general_o know_v to_o be_v ash_n or_o chalck_n burn_v out_o of_o stone_n or_o both_o the_o venice_n glass_n differ_v from_o other_o in_o clearness_n and_o transparency_n be_v make_v out_o of_o chalck_n burn_v out_o of_o stone_n which_o they_o fetch_v from_o pavia_n by_o the_o river_n ficinum_n and_o the_o ash_n of_o the_o weed_n kall_n grow_v in_o the_o desert_n of_o arabia_n between_o alexandria_n and_o rossetta_n which_o the_o arabian_n make_v use_n of_o for_o fuel_n in_o the_o first_o book_n second_o part_n i_o have_v tell_v you_o how_o a_o body_n be_v reduce_v into_o ash_n through_o the_o expulsion_n of_o its_o thin_a glutinous_a moisture_n by_o the_o vibrate_n fiery_a minim_n the_o same_o fire_n be_v intend_v do_v through_o its_o great_a violence_n enter_v mollify_v deduct_v and_o thence_o melt_v and_o equalise_v the_o courser_n thick_o remain_v glutinous_a moisture_n by_o its_o own_o presence_n together_o with_o the_o air_n which_o it_o import_v along_o with_o it_o whereby_o the_o terrestrial_a minim_n that_o be_v before_o clot_v be_v exact_o and_o equal_o spread_v throughout_o the_o foresay_a thick_a glutinous_a moisture_n the_o fire_n and_o air_n be_v only_o admit_v from_o without_o &_o not_o incorporate_v with_o the_o say_a body_n through_o want_n of_o a_o matrix_fw-la &_o because_o they_o be_v in_o that_o extreme_a overpower_a quantity_n that_o they_o may_v as_o easy_o free_v themselves_o from_o the_o say_a body_n as_o they_o enter_v be_v expel_v again_o as_o soon_o as_o they_o be_v expose_v to_o the_o cold_a ambient_fw-la air_n and_o so_o desert_a the_o body_n leave_v it_o glib_a smooth_a continuous_o hard_a friable_a rigid_a and_o transparent_a so_o that_o it_o appear_v hence_o that_o glass_n be_v nothing_o but_o water_n reduce_v near_o to_o its_o absolute_a nature_n which_o we_o have_v show_v be_v hard_a and_o clear_a by_o free_v it_o from_o the_o thin_a glutinous_a moisture_n or_o air_n and_o fire_n incorporate_v with_o a_o small_a proportion_n of_o water_n through_o barn_v its_o first_o subject_n into_o ash_n and_o afterward_o by_o unite_n diduct_v and_o equallize_a its_o own_o part_n contain_v in_o the_o ash_n by_o the_o forementioned_a thick_a or_o course_n glutinous_a moisture_n i_o intend_v a_o mixture_n of_o much_o water_n incorporate_v with_o a_o little_a earth_n and_o least_o air_n and_o fire_n that_o glass_n be_v water_n near_o reduce_v to_o its_o absolute_a nature_n i_o shall_v prove_v by_o its_o property_n 1._o that_o glib_a smoothness_n of_o glass_n depend_v upon_o the_o continuity_n of_o the_o part_n of_o water_n necessary_o accompany_v by_o a_o glib_a smoothness_n because_o it_o do_v not_o consist_v of_o any_o contiguous_a rough_a minim_n 2._o it_o be_v continuous_o hard_a because_o water_n of_o her_o absolute_a nature_n be_v continuous_o hard_a 3._o it_o be_v friable_a because_o the_o water_n be_v throughout_o divide_v by_o the_o minim_n of_o earth_n which_o render_v it_o so_o brittle_a and_o rigid_a whereas_o be_v it_o all_o water_n it_o will_v be_v hard_a than_o any_o stone_n it_o be_v transparent_a because_o it_o be_v but_o little_a condense_a by_o earth_n who_o condensation_n render_v all_o body_n obscure_a 2._o because_o it_o be_v luminous_a that_o be_v apt_a to_o receive_v the_o lumen_fw-la from_o any_o lucid_a body_n as_o be_v throughout_o porous_a through_o which_o it_o be_v render_v capable_a of_o harbour_v the_o obtended_a air_n glass_n be_v distinguish_v from_o crystallin_n hardness_n and_o transparency_n because_o this_o latter_a appropriate_n more_o of_o water_n in_o her_o absolute_a state_n and_o less_o of_o earth_n iu._n whence_o be_v it_o that_o so_o great_a a_o mole_n as_o a_o ship_n yield_v so_o ready_o in_o turn_v or_o wind_v to_o so_o small_a a_o thing_n as_o a_o rudder_n this_o problem_n will_v make_v plain_a that_o a_o impulse_n be_v intend_v by_o a_o medium_n or_o deferens_fw-la a_o ship_n swim_v in_o the_o water_n and_o be_v impel_v by_o the_o wind_n or_o a_o board-hook_n raise_v the_o water_n into_o a_o tumour_n before_o at_o her_o bow_n which_o be_v violent_o impel_v what_o by_o the_o air_n lift_v up_o by_o the_o tumour_n what_o by_o she_o own_o bent_n to_o recover_v that_o place_n behind_o at_o the_o stern_a whence_o it_o be_v first_o propel_v and_o where_o you_o shall_v always_o observe_v a_o hollowness_n in_o the_o water_n proportionable_a to_o her_o rise_n before_o and_o therefore_o as_o you_o may_v see_v run_v swift_o about_o both_o the_o side_n and_o meet_v in_o both_o the_o stream_n abaft_o do_v propel_v the_o ship_n forward_o by_o a_o reflection_n and_o this_o you_o may_v also_o perceive_v in_o take_v notice_n of_o that_o most_o eager_a meeting_n of_o the_o stream_n of_o water_n from_o both_o side_n behind_o at_o the_o rudder_n which_o be_v remove_v to_o either_o side_n viz._n to_o starboard_n or_o larboard_n side_n direct_v the_o ship_n towards_o the_o side_n because_o the_o force_n of_o the_o water_n in_o return_v do_v beat_v hard_o against_o that_o side_n of_o the_o rudder_n which_o be_v obvert_v to_o she_o as_o resist_v most_o and_o collect_v her_o force_n be_v shove_v towards_o the_o opposite_a side_n of_o the_o stern_a whereby_o her_o head_n come_v too_o to_o the_o other_o side_n whence_o we_o may_v plain_o observe_v that_o a_o ship_n do_v not_o begin_v to_o turn_v before_o but_o always_o abaft_o this_o i_o prove_v a_o ship_n hit_v her_o breech_n against_o the_o ground_n at_o sea_n usual_o strike_v abaft_o because_o she_o draw_v more_o water_n there_o than_o before_o now_o the_o shove_v of_o the_o helm_n to_o the_o other_o side_n bring_v she_o off_o immediate_o and_o bring_v her_o head_n too_o which_o be_v a_o certain_a sign_n that_o a_o ship_n be_v move_v from_o abaft_o and_o begin_v first_o to_o turn_v there_o if_o it_o be_v so_o it_o be_v beyond_o doubt_v that_o the_o force_n of_o the_o water_n be_v forcible_a behind_o beyond_o imagination_n and_o thence_o add_v that_o intention_n to_o the_o impulse_n v._o what_o be_v the_o cause_n of_o the_o swim_n of_o
the_o division_n of_o water_n p._n 289._o 3._o what_o a_o lake_n be_v the_o strange_a virtue_n of_o some_o lake_n 290_o 291_o 292._o 4._o what_o a_o fountain_n be_v the_o wonderful_a property_n of_o some_o fountain_n p._n 293_o to_o 295._o 5._o of_o physical_a well_n p._n 296._o of_o bath_n p._n 297._o 7._o of_o river_n and_o their_o rare_a property_n ib._n 298._o 8._o of_o the_o chief_a strait_o of_o the_o sea_n p._n 299_o 230._o chap._n vii_o of_o the_o circulation_n of_o the_o ocean_n 1._o that_o the_o disburden_v of_o the_o eastern_a river_n into_o the_o ocean_n be_v not_o the_o cause_n of_o its_o circulation_n neither_o be_v the_o sun_n or_o moon_n the_o principal_a cause_n of_o this_o motion_n p._n 301_o 302._o 2._o the_o periodical_a course_n of_o the_o ocean_n the_o cause_n of_o the_o high_a and_o low_a water_n of_o the_o ocean_n p._n 303_o 304_o 305._o 3._o how_o it_o be_v possible_a that_o the_o ocean_n shall_v move_v so_o swift_o as_o in_o 12_o hour_n and_o somewhat_o more_o to_o slow_a about_o the_o terrestrial_a globe_n p_o 306_o 307_o 308._o 4._o a_o further_a explanation_n of_o the_o cause_n of_o the_o intumescence_n and_o detumescence_n of_o the_o ocean_n the_o cause_n of_o the_o anticipation_n of_o the_o flood_n of_o the_o ocean_n 309_o to_o 312._o 5._o that_o the_o sun_n intense_a heat_n in_o the_o torrid_a zone_n be_v a_o potent_a adjuvant_fw-la cause_n of_o the_o ocean_n circulation_n and_o likewise_o the_o minima_n descening_n from_o the_o moon_n and_o the_o polar_a region_n p._n 313_o to_o 316._o chap._n viii_o of_o the_o course_n of_o the_o sea_n towards_o the_o polar_a coast_n 1._o what_o the_o libration_n of_o the_o ocean_n be_v that_o the_o tide_n be_v not_o occasion_v by_o libration_n the_o navel_n of_o the_o world_n whence_o the_o sea_n move_v towards_o the_o north_n polar_a why_o the_o ebb_n be_v strong_a in_o the_o narrow_a sea_n than_o the_o flood_n and_o why_o the_o flood_n be_v strong_a than_o the_o ebb_n in_o the_o ocean_n why_o the_o irish_a sea_n be_v so_o rough_a p._n 316_o 317_o 318._o 2._o why_o the_o baltic_a sea_n be_v not_o subject_v to_o tide_n the_o rise_n of_o the_o east_n sea_n or_o sinus_n codanus_n p._n 319._o 3._o the_o cause_n of_o the_o bear_v in_o the_o river_n of_o seyne_n p._n 320._o 4._o the_o cause_n of_o the_o course_n of_o the_o mediterranean_a the_o rise_n of_o this_o sea_n ib._n 321._o chap._n ix_o of_o inundation_n 1._o of_o the_o rise_n of_o the_o great_a gulf_n of_o the_o ocean_n the_o cause_n of_o inundation_n that_o the_o deluge_n mention_v in_o genesis_n be_v not_o universal_a the_o explanation_n of_o the_o text._n p_o 422_o 323._o 2._o the_o manner_n of_o the_o deluge_n that_o it_o be_v not_o occasion_v through_o the_o overfil_n of_o the_o ocean_n p._n 324._o 3._o that_o there_o happen_v very_o great_a deluge_n since_o when_o and_o where_o p._n 325._o 4._o the_o effect_n of_o the_o first_o deluge_n ib._n 5._o inland_a inundation_n p._n 327._o chap._n x._o of_o the_o cause_n of_o the_o before-formentioned_n property_n of_o lake_n 1._o whence_o the_o lake_n asphaltites_n be_v so_o strong_a for_o sustain_v of_o weighty_a body_n and_o why_o it_o breed_v no_o fish_n the_o cause_n of_o quality_n contrary_a to_o these_o in_o other_o lake_n the_o cause_n of_o the_o effect_n of_o the_o lake_n lerna_n p._n 328._o 2._o whence_o the_o virtue_n of_o the_o lake_n eaug_fw-mi of_o thrace_n gerasa_n the_o lake_n among_o the_o troglodyte_n clitorius_n laumond_n vadimon_n and_o benaco_n be_v derive_v ib._n 3._o whence_o the_o property_n of_o the_o lake_n larius_n pilat_n pool_n and_o the_o lake_n of_o laubach_n emanate_n p._n 329._o chap._n xi_o of_o the_o rise_n of_o fountain_n river_n and_o hill_n 1._o that_o fountain_n be_v not_o supply_v by_o rain_n p._n 330._o 2._o aristotle_n opinion_n touch_v the_o rise_n of_o fountain_n examine_v p._n 331._o 3._o the_o author_n assertion_n concern_v the_o rise_n of_o fountain_n the_o rise_n of_o many_o principal_a fountain_n of_o the_o world_n ib_n 332._o 4._o why_o holland_n be_v not_o mountainous_a p._n 333._o 5._o that_o the_o first_o deluge_n be_v not_o the_o cause_n of_o hill_n ib._n 334_o 6._o whence_o that_o great_a quantity_n of_o water_n contain_v within_o the_o bowel_n of_o the_o earth_n be_v derive_v p._n 335._o 7._o whence_o it_o be_v that_o most_o shore_n be_v mountainous_a why_o the_o island_n ferro_fw-la be_v not_o irrigate_v with_o any_o river_n why_o the_o earth_n be_v depress_v under_o the_o torrid_a zone_n and_o elevate_v towards_o the_o polar_n the_o cause_n of_o the_o multitude_n of_o hill_n in_o some_o country_n and_o scarcity_n in_o other_o ib._n 336._o 8._o how_o it_o be_v possible_a for_o the_o sea_n to_o penetrate_v into_o the_o bowel_n of_o the_o earth_n p._n 337._o chap_n xii_o of_o the_o cause_n of_o the_o effect_n produce_v by_o fountain_n 1._o whence_o some_o fountain_n be_v deleterious_a the_o cause_n of_o the_o effect_n of_o the_o fountain_n lethe_n of_o cea_n lincystis_n arania_n the_o cause_n of_o foecundation_n and_o of_o render_v barren_a of_o other_o fountain_n the_o cause_n of_o the_o property_n of_o the_o fountain_n of_o the_o sun_n of_o the_o eleusinian_n water_n of_o the_o fountain_n of_o illyrium_n epirus_n cyreniaca_n arcadia_n the_o holy_a cross_n sibaris_fw-la lycos_fw-la of_o the_o unctuous_a fountain_n of_o rome_n and_o jacob_n fountain_n p._n 338_o 339._o 2._o the_o cause_n of_o the_o effect_n of_o ipsum_fw-la and_o barnet_n wells_n p._n 340._o 3._o whence_o the_o virtue_n of_o the_o spa_n water_n be_v derive_v ib._n 4._o of_o the_o formal_a cause_n of_o bath_n 341._o chap._n xiii_o of_o the_o various_a taste_n smell_v congelation_n and_o choice_n of_o water_n 1._o various_a taste_n of_o several_a lake_n fountain_n and_o river_n water_n p._n 342._o 2._o the_o divers_a scent_n of_o water_n p._n 343._o 3._o the_o cause_n of_o the_o say_a taste_n that_o the_o saltness_n of_o the_o sea_n be_v not_o generate_v by_o the_o broil_v heat_n of_o the_o sun_n the_o author_n opinion_n ib._n 4._o the_o cause_n of_o the_o scent_n of_o wate_n p._n 345._o 5._o what_o ice_n be_v the_o cause_n of_o it_o and_o manner_n of_o its_o generation_n why_o some_o country_n be_v less_o expose_v to_o frost_n than_o other_o that_o be_v near_o to_o the_o line_n ib._n 346._o 6._o the_o difference_n of_o frost_n why_o a_o frost_n do_v usual_o begin_v and_o end_v with_o the_o change_n of_o the_o moon_n p._n 347._o 7._o the_o original_a or_o rise_v of_o frosty_a minim_n why_o fresh_a water_n be_v apt_a to_o be_v freeze_v how_o it_o be_v possible_a for_o the_o sea_n to_o be_v freeze_v p._n 348._o 8._o what_o water_n be_v the_o best_a and_o the_o worst_a the_o reason_n of_o their_o excellency_n and_o badaess_a p_o 349_o 350._o chap._n fourteen_o of_o the_o commerce_n of_o the_o air_n with_o the_o other_o element_n 1._o how_o the_o air_n move_v downward_o what_o motion_n the_o element_n will_v exercise_v suppose_v they_o enjoy_v their_o centre_n why_o the_o air_n do_v not_o easy_o toss_v the_o terraqueous_a globe_n out_o of_o its_o place_n how_o the_o air_n be_v capable_a of_o two_o contrary_a motion_n 351_o 352._o 2._o that_o the_o air_n move_v continual_o from_o east_n through_o the_o south_n to_o west_n and_o thence_o back_o again_o to_o the_o east_n through_o the_o north._n p._n 353._o 3._o a_o objection_n against_o the_o air_n circular_a motion_n answer_v p._n 354._o 4._o the_o pole_n of_o the_o air._n ib._n 5._o the_o proportion_n of_o air_n to_o fire_n its_o distinction_n into_o three_o profundity_n p._n 355_o chap._n xv._n of_o the_o production_n of_o cloud_n 1._o what_o a_o cloud_n be_v how_o generate_v its_o difference_n how_o a_o rainbow_n be_v produce_v whether_o there_o appear_v any_o rainbow_n before_o the_o flood_n 356_o 2._o the_o generation_n of_o rain_n p._n 357._o 3._o how_o snow_n and_o hail_n be_v engender_v p._n 358._o 4._o the_o manner_n of_o generation_n of_o wind_n ib._n to_o 362._o 5_o the_o difference_n of_o wind_n of_o monzones_n provincial_a wind_n general_a wind_n etc._n etc._n of_o the_o kind_n of_o storm_n and_o their_o cause_n what_o a_o mist_n and_o a_o dew_n be_v p._n 362_o to_o 370._o chap._n xvi_o of_o earthquake_n together_o with_o their_o effect_n and_o some_o strange_a instance_n of_o they_o 1._o what_o a_o earthquake_n be_v the_o manner_n of_o its_o generation_n the_o concomitant_n thereof_o p._n 370._o 2._o the_o kind_n and_o difference_n of_o earthquake_n ib._n 371_o 372._o 3._o the_o proof_n of_o the_o generation_n of_o earthquake_n p._n 373._o 4._o their_o effect_n upon_o the_o air_n p._n 374._o chap._n xvii_o of_o fiery_a meteor_n in_o the_o air._n 1._o of_o the_o generation_n of_o a_o fool_n fire_n a_o lick_v fire_n helen_n fire_n pollux_n
necessary_o be_v so_o for_o water_n strict_o so_o name_v have_v it_o be_v heave_v up_o it_o will_v have_v be_v against_o its_o first_o nature_n and_o be_v move_v violent_o which_o be_v improbable_a since_o that_o nullum_fw-la violentum_fw-la est_fw-la perpetuum_fw-la no_o violent_a motion_n be_v last_v the_o nature_n of_o air_n certify_v we_o that_o it_o must_v be_v it_o which_o move_v above_o the_o water_n under_o it_o last_o the_o water_n above_o the_o water_n strict_o so_o term_v be_v call_v the_o firmament_n from_o its_o firmness_n because_o they_o be_v as_o a_o deep_a frame_n or_o a_o strong_a wall_n about_o the_o water_n underneath_o for_o to_o keep_v they_o together_o in_o a_o counterpoise_n from_o fall_v to_o a_o insinitum_fw-la but_o it_o be_v aiâ—_n that_o be_v above_o the_o water_n and_o be_v a_o firmament_n to_o they_o ergo_fw-la the_o air_n must_v be_v comprehend_v under_o the_o notion_n of_o water_n or_o thus_o 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d in_o the_o hebrew_n be_v by_o the_o rabbi'_v and_o hebrew_n expound_v a_o expansion_n or_o thing_n expanded_a for_o its_o root_n be_v 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d to_o attenuate_v if_o so_o then_o by_o the_o water_n above_o must_v be_v imply_v air_n who_o nature_n it_o be_v to_o be_v expanded_a as_o i_o show_v before_o so_o whether_o you_o take_v the_o word_n according_a to_o the_o interpretation_n of_o the_o septuagint_n 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d firmament_n or_o of_o the_o rabbi_n expansion_n there_o can_v be_v nothing_o else_o intend_v by_o it_o but_o air_n i_o say_v then_o as_o by_o water_n a_o duplicity_n of_o element_n be_v imply_v so_o by_o the_o heaven_n air_n and_o fire_n be_v imply_v i_o prove_v it_o light_n be_v fire_n flame_v but_o the_o light_n be_v draw_v from_o the_o chaos_n if_o from_o the_o chaos_n ergo_fw-la not_o from_o the_o earth_n for_o by_o earth_n there_o be_v only_o mean_v earth_n single_a but_o from_o the_o heaven_n which_o import_v a_o conjunction_n of_o element_n viz._n of_o air_n and_o fire_n second_o be_v light_n be_v a_o flame_a fire_n draw_v from_o the_o heaven_n ergo_fw-la there_o be_v fire_n latent_fw-la in_o it_o so_o let_v this_o serve_v to_o answer_v van_n helmont_n his_o objection_n who_o deny_v fire_n to_o be_v a_o element_n because_o its_o name_n be_v not_o set_v down_o in_o the_o first_o chap._n of_o gen._n neither_o be_v air_n mention_v among_o the_o element_n in_o so_o many_o letter_n yet_o it_o be_v comprehend_v among_o they_o it_o be_v true_a fowl_n be_v call_v fowl_n of_o the_o air_n but_o what_o of_o that_o this_o do_v not_o infer_v that_o air_n be_v a_o element_n because_o fowl_n be_v name_v fowl_n of_o the_o ayr._n second_o earth_n and_o water_n be_v there_o express_v in_o so_o many_o letter_n ergo_fw-la the_o chaos_n be_v make_v up_o of_o all_o the_o four_o element_n iii_o the_o element_n in_o the_o chaos_n undergo_v a_o exact_a mixture_n because_o each_o be_v a_o stem_n and_o perfection_n to_o the_o other_o they_o require_v it_o for_o have_v they_o be_v unequal_o mix_v than_o that_o part_n which_o have_v not_o be_v sufficient_o counterpoyse_v by_o its_o opposite_a element_n will_v have_v fall_v from_o the_o whole_a hence_o it_o follow_v that_o they_o must_v have_v be_v of_o a_o equal_a extent_n and_o degree_n in_o their_o first_o virtue_n or_o quality_n and_o not_o only_o so_o but_o also_o in_o their_o quantity_n that_o be_v they_o consist_v all_o of_o a_o equal_a number_n of_o minima_n that_o so_o each_o minimum_fw-la of_o every_o element_n may_v be_v fit_v sustain_v and_o perfectionated_a by_o three_o single_a minimum_n of_o each_o of_o the_o other_o element_n now_o be_v there_o but_o one_o minimum_fw-la of_o any_o of_o the_o element_n in_o excess_n above_o the_o other_o it_o will_v overbalance_v the_o whole_a chaos_n and_o so_o make_v a_o discord_n which_o be_v not_o to_o be_v conceive_v but_o here_o may_v be_v object_v that_o the_o earth_n in_o comparison_n with_o the_o heaven_n bear_v little_o more_o proportion_n to_o their_o circumference_n than_o a_o point_n i_o confess_v that_o the_o air_n and_o fire_n exceed_v the_o earth_n and_o water_n in_o many_o degree_n but_o again_o as_o will_v be_v apparent_a below_o there_o be_v never_o a_o star_n which_o you_o see_v yea_o and_o many_o more_o than_o you_o see_v but_o contain_v a_o great_a proportion_n of_o earth_n and_o water_n in_o its_o body_n the_o immense_a to_o our_o think_n region_n of_o the_o air_n and_o fire_n be_v furnish_v with_o no_o small_a proportion_n of_o water_n and_o earth_n so_o that_o numeratis_fw-la numerandis_fw-la the_o earth_n and_o water_n be_v not_o want_v of_o a_o minimum_fw-la less_o than_o be_v contain_v either_o in_o the_o fire_n or_o air_n iv._o the_o efficient_a of_o this_o great_a and_o universal_a body_n be_v the_o great_a and_o universal_a cause_n the_o almighty_a god_n i_o prove_v it_o the_o action_n through_o which_o this_o vast_a mole_n be_v produce_v be_v infinite_a for_o that_o action_n which_o take_v its_o procession_n ab_fw-la infinito_fw-la ad_fw-la terminum_fw-la finitum_fw-la sive_fw-la a_o non_fw-la ente_fw-la ad_fw-la ens_fw-la from_o a_o infinite_a to_o a_o finite_a term_n or_o from_o nothing_o to_o something_o be_v to_o be_v count_v infinite_a but_o a_o infinite_a action_n require_v a_o infinite_a agent_n therefore_o none_o but_o god_n who_o be_v in_o all_o respect_v infinite_a be_v to_o be_v acknowledge_v the_o sole_a cause_n and_o agent_n of_o this_o great_a and_o miracuious_a effect_n it_o be_v a_o golden_a say_n upon_o this_o matter_n of_o chrysippus_n the_o stoic_a if_o there_o be_v any_o thing_n that_o do_v effect_v that_o which_o man_n although_o he_o be_v endue_v with_o a_o reason_n can_v that_o certain_o be_v great_a mighty_a and_o wise_a than_o man_n but_o he_o can_v make_v the_o heaven_n wherefore_o that_o which_o do_v make_v they_o excel_v man_n in_o art_n counsel_n and_o prudence_n and_o what_o say_v hermes_n in_o his_o pimand_n the_o maker_n make_v the_o universal_a world_n through_o his_o word_n and_o not_o with_o his_o hand_n anaxagoras_n conclude_v the_o divine_a mind_n to_o be_v the_o distinguisher_n of_o the_o universe_n it_o be_v the_o say_v of_o orpheus_n that_o there_o be_v but_o one_o bear_v through_o himself_o and_o that_o all_o other_o thing_n be_v create_v by_o he_o and_o sophocles_n there_o be_v but_o one_o true_a god_n who_o make_v heaven_n and_o the_o large_a earth_n aristotle_n lib._n 2._o de_fw-fr gen._n &_o cor._n c._n 10._o f._n 59_o assert_n god_n to_o be_v the_o creator_n of_o this_o universe_n and_o lib._n 12._o metaph._n c._n 8._o he_o atte_v god_n to_o be_v the_o first_o cause_n of_o all_o other_o cause_n this_o action_n be_v in_o the_o holy_a text_n call_v creation_n gen._n 1._o 1._o mark_v 10._o 6._o psal._n 89._o 12._o mal._n 2._o 10._o creation_n 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d be_v not_o always_o intend_v for_o one_o and_o the_o same_o signification_n sometime_o it_o imply_v the_o creation_n of_o the_o world_n as_o in_o the_o scripture_n next_o foremention_v other_o while_o it_o be_v restrict_v to_o mankind_n mark_v 16._o 15._o mat._n 28._o 19_o luke_n 24._o 47._o in_o other_o place_n it_o be_v apply_v to_o all_o create_a being_n mark_v 13._o 19_o gen._n 14._o 22._o job_n 38._o 8._o prov._n 20._o 12._o 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d to_o create_v be_v import_v by_o divers_a other_o expression_n 1._o by_o 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d to_o form_n gen._n 2._o 7._o isaiah_n 43._o 7._o 2._o by_o 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d to_o make_v gen._n 1._o 31._o 3._o 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d he_o have_v establish_v psal._n 89._o 12._o psal._n 104._o 5._o mat._n 13._o 35._o heb._n 6._o 1._o 1_o pet._n 1._o 20._o 4._o 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d to_o stretch_v or_o expand_v psal._n 10._o 2._o es._n 42._o 5._o 5._o 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d to_o prepare_v or_o dispose_v prov._n 8._o 27._o psal._n 74._o 16._o v._o creation_n be_v a_o production_n of_o a_o be_v out_o of_o and_o from_o nothing_o tho._n give_v we_o this_o definition_n in_o sent._n 2._o dist._n 1._o quest._n 1._o art_n 2._o creation_n be_v a_o emanation_n of_o a_o universal_a be_v out_o of_o nothing_o by_o a_o universal_a be_v he_o intend_v a_o be_v as_o it_o comprehend_v all_o material_a and_o immaterial_a being_n so_o that_o this_o be_v rather_o a_o definition_n of_o the_o creation_n of_o the_o material_a and_o immaterial_a world_n than_o a_o definition_n of_o the_o formality_n of_o creation_n 2._o his_o definition_n be_v defective_a and_o erroneous_a for_o he_o add_v only_o out_o of_o nothing_o this_o be_v not_o enough_o it_o be_v possible_a for_o a_o thing_n to_o emanate_v out_o of_o nothing_o and_o yet_o not_o be_v create_v the_o immaterial_a operation_n of_o angel_n and_o
being_n derive_v their_o rise_n and_o original_n from_o one_o be_v evident_a in_o that_o all_o being_n arise_v from_o the_o chaos_n 2._o in_o their_o several_a kind_n as_o in_o man_n all_o man_n take_v their_o original_a from_o one_o first_o man_n adam_n god_n propose_v among_o the_o perfect_a live_a creature_n a_o pattern_n of_o all_o the_o rest_n which_o be_v man_n now_o he_o be_v multiply_v through_o one_o although_o not_o from_o one_o man_n it_o be_v not_o improbable_a that_o all_o other_o species_n of_o live_a creature_n multiply_v through_o one_o 3._o we_o read_v in_o the_o first_o chap._n that_o god_n do_v first_o create_v the_o move_a creature_n that_o be_v one_o of_o every_o kind_n for_o otherwise_o moses_n will_v have_v write_v that_o god_n immediate_o and_o primary_o have_v create_v two_o of_o every_o kind_n in_o v_o 20._o let_v the_o water_n bring_v forth_o abundant_o the_o move_a creature_n and_o fowl_n in_o v_o 21._o he_o plain_o express_v that_o god_n create_v every_o live_a creature_n that_o move_v that_o be_v one_o of_o every_o kind_n as_o i_o say_v before_o and_o in_o the_o 24_o let_v the_o earth_n bring_v forth_o the_o live_a creature_n after_o his_o kind_n not_o live_v creature_n after_o their_o kind_n and_o in_o the_o 29_o v_o every_o herb_n bear_v seed_n not_o herb_n so_o that_o this_o be_v not_o to_o be_v doubt_v of_o you_o may_v object_v that_o in_o the_o 24_o v_o it_o be_v say_v that_o god_n create_v great_a whale_n ergo_fw-la more_o than_o one_o i_o deny_v the_o consequence_n for_o whale_n here_o denote_v the_o plurality_n of_o species_n of_o great_a fish_n to_o wit_n porpoise_n dolphin_n whale_n strict_o so_o name_v etc._n etc._n not_o the_o plurality_n of_o individua_fw-la in_o every_o kind_n 4._o nature_n be_v uniform_a and_o not_o various_a in_o act_v ergo_fw-la since_o she_o create_v the_o first_o man_n single_a and_o out_o of_o he_o a_o woman_n it_o be_v apparent_a that_o she_o observe_v the_o same_o order_n and_o manner_n of_o create_v every_o other_o perfect_a move_a creature_n you_o may_v object_v that_o according_a to_o the_o antecedence_n which_o i_o offer_v as_o a_o maxim_n man_n shall_v be_v create_v in_o the_o same_o manner_n as_o beast_n i_o answer_v if_o you_o consider_v he_o only_o as_o a_o move_a creature_n have_v a_o sensitive_a soul_n he_o be_v but_o if_o as_o he_o be_v man_n that_o be_v man_n sivo_fw-la substantia_fw-la spiritualis_fw-la &_o rationalis_fw-la in_o corpus_fw-la hominis_fw-la vivens_fw-la &_o sensitivum_fw-la a_o natura_fw-la infusa_fw-la a_o mind_n or_o a_o spiritual_a rational_a substance_n infuse_v by_o god_n into_o a_o live_n and_o move_a body_n then_o no_o doubt_n but_o the_o action_n be_v various_a since_o it_o be_v in_o diversa_fw-la actionis_fw-la specie_fw-la 5._o god_n act_v by_o the_o few_o mean_n but_o one_o be_v few_o or_o less_o than_o more_o ergo_fw-la if_o then_o all_o being_n be_v multiply_v through_o one_o than_o this_o one_o must_v necessary_o be_v the_o great_a i_o prove_v the_o consequence_n you_o be_v to_o apprehend_v that_o man_n as_o he_o be_v a_o animal_n be_v propagate_v in_o the_o same_o manner_n as_o other_o animal_n be_v then_o propagate_v through_o one_o that_o one_o must_v have_v be_v endue_v with_o the_o great_a and_o strong_a virtue_n of_o propagation_n because_o that_o waste_v and_o weaken_v in_o progress_n of_o time_n can_v not_o be_v sufficient_a to_o last_v out_o a_o whole_a race_n this_o great_a virtue_n must_v be_v assix_v to_o a_o proportionate_a subject_n or_o body_n which_o must_v then_o be_v the_o great_a body_n for_o the_o great_a virtue_n can_v be_v contain_v in_o a_o less_o subject_a than_o the_o great_a body_n this_o be_v evident_a in_o a_o great_a flame_n which_o must_v be_v maintain_v in_o a_o great_a place_n 2._o we_o may_v remember_v out_o of_o history_n that_o the_o near_a man_n live_v to_o the_o first_o man_n the_o great_a and_o strong_a body_n they_o have_v the_o long_o they_o live_v the_o more_o numerous_a issue_n they_o have_v and_o the_o more_o generous_a and_o the_o less_o exercise_v in_o wickedness_n all_o which_o proceed_v from_o a_o strong_a virtue_n and_o a_o great_a body_n if_o so_o than_o it_o be_v not_o improbale_n that_o the_o first_o man_n and_o all_o the_o first_o of_o other_o kind_n of_o animal_n be_v the_o great_a for_o the_o same_o reason_n beside_o we_o read_v in_o joshua_n 14._o 15._o that_o arba_n in_o some_o bible_n write_a adam_n be_v the_o great_a among_o the_o anakim_v which_o most_o interpreter_n judge_v to_o be_v speak_v of_o the_o first_o man_n adam_n but_o possible_o you_o may_v reply_v that_o if_o adam_n be_v the_o great_a man_n he_o must_v have_v be_v think_v to_o be_v a_o giant_n but_o a_o giant_n be_v monstrous_a wherefore_o adam_n be_v not_o the_o great_a man_n i_o deny_v the_o minor_a for_o monstrous_a be_v that_o which_o do_v degenerate_a from_o the_o species_n so_o that_o it_o make_v a_o difference_n between_o that_o which_o be_v adjudge_v to_o be_v a_o monster_n and_o the_o species_n as_o the_o abundance_n or_o defect_n of_o part_n or_o a_o deformation_n in_o some_o or_o all_o part_n through_o which_o its_o subject_n be_v render_v different_a from_o the_o species_n to_o which_o it_o be_v intend_v but_o a_o great_a great_a or_o great_a man_n be_v no_o more_o a_o monster_n then_o a_o little_a less_o or_o least_o man_n because_o there_o be_v no_o difference_n between_o either_o in_o number_n form_n or_o figure_n of_o part_n it_o be_v true_a giant_n have_v be_v general_o receive_v for_o monster_n but_o then_o they_o be_v differ_v from_o other_o man_n in_o number_n and_o figure_n of_o part_n as_o the_o cyclopes_n a_o great_a sort_n of_o people_n feign_a by_o the_o poet_n to_o have_v have_v but_o one_o eye_n in_o the_o midst_n of_o their_o forehead_n and_o to_o be_v vulcan_n journeyman_n employ_v in_o make_v weapon_n for_o jupiter_n grandeur_n of_o body_n if_o actuate_v by_o sufficiency_n of_o vigorous_a spirit_n be_v a_o perfection_n denote_v strength_n of_o all_o the_o animal_n and_o vegetative_a faculty_n fit_v for_o long_a life_n and_o propagation_n which_o therefore_o must_v not_o be_v detract_v from_o the_o first_o of_o all_o kind_n ii_o hence_o i_o may_v then_o safe_o infer_v that_o in_o the_o firmament_n the_o great_a part_n of_o the_o heterogeneous_a element_n and_o a_o great_a proportion_n of_o fire_n be_v coagulate_v into_o the_o great_a flame_n which_o be_v the_o sun_n out_o of_o the_o courser_n part_n of_o the_o sun_n god_n create_v another_o great_a body_n next_o to_o the_o great_a the_o great_a which_o be_v the_o moon_n for_o as_o earth_n water_n and_o animal_n be_v defaecate_v by_o have_v other_o body_n form_v out_o of_o their_o courser_n matter_n so_o it_o be_v also_o in_o the_o element_n of_o fire_n this_o be_v most_o obvious_a in_o animal_n who_o female_a be_v form_v out_o of_o the_o courser_n part_n of_o the_o male_a whereby_o it_o become_v more_o excellent_a and_o vigorous_a in_o all_o its_o action_n this_o may_v be_v contradict_v in_o that_o a_o lioness_n be_v take_v to_o be_v more_o vigorous_a and_o fierce_a than_o a_o lion_n i_o answer_v that_o this_o kind_n of_o sierceness_n and_o apparent_a vigour_n be_v in_o all_o female_n but_o it_o be_v not_o last_v more_o a_o spurt_n and_o show_v of_o vigour_n and_o fierceness_n then_o real_a and_o durable_a iii_o these_o two_o great_a flame_n do_v by_o their_o hourly_a motion_n produce_v other_o great_a one_o which_o again_o propagate_v as_o it_o be_v lesser_o and_o thence_o little_a one_o which_o be_v those_o by_o we_o now_o call_v star_n but_o of_o these_o more_o particular_o hereafter_o iv._o in_o the_o air_n the_o like_a coagulation_n form_v the_o thin_a cloud_n consist_v of_o a_o great_a part_n of_o air_n incrassated_a through_o a_o small_a quantity_n of_o water_n and_o punctual_o divide_v by_o the_o same_o proportion_n of_o fire_n balance_v and_o incorporate_v with_o the_o least_o measure_n of_o earth_n these_o cloud_n have_v their_o continual_a abode_n in_o the_o air_n seldom_o vanish_v their_o colour_n be_v bluish_a arise_v from_o its_o incrassation_n through_o water_n and_o incorporation_n with_o earth_n for_o the_o air_n of_o itself_o be_v so_o thin_a that_o it_o be_v insufficient_a to_o unite_v a_o light_n or_o cause_n reflection_n but_o be_v reduce_v to_o a_o thick_a consistence_n by_o the_o co-expansion_n of_o water_n with_o it_o it_o become_v capable_a of_o unite_n reflect_v and_o propagate_a a_o light_n now_o be_v there_o no_o particle_n of_o earth_n affix_v to_o this_o mixture_n the_o colour_n will_v be_v transparent_a lucid_a or_o crystalline_a but_o be_v somewhat_o obtenebrate_v through_o the_o density_n of_o earth_n be_v change_v into_o a_o light_n blow_v or_o light_a sky-colour_n v._o thus_o do_v the_o great_a
light_n and_o rare_a part_n to_o it_o i_o wonder_v what_o accidental_a change_n it_o be_v he_o mean_v it_o must_v be_v either_o to_o quantity_n and_o then_o it_o be_v the_o same_o with_o augmentation_n and_o diminution_n or_o to_o quality_n and_o then_o it_o be_v a_o alteration_n or_o a_o locomotive_a quality_n but_o he_o mention_n none_o suppose_v it_o to_o be_v a_o quality_n the_o question_n be_v whether_o this_o do_v arise_v in_o that_o subject_n with_o the_o adherence_n to_o its_o primitive_a matter_n of_o the_o extrinsic_a agent_n or_o whether_o it_o do_v migrate_v out_o of_o its_o own_o subject_n into_o another_o it_o be_v not_o the_o latter_a for_o i_o have_v prove_v in_o my_o dispute_n of_o power_n that_o a_o accident_n do_v not_o migrate_v out_o of_o one_o subject_a into_o another_o if_o the_o first_o than_o it_o be_v by_o the_o enter_v of_o another_o body_n between_o the_o part_n that_o be_v separate_v and_o what_o body_n be_v that_o but_o fire_n it_o be_v that_o which_o through_o its_o contiguous_a lightness_n do_v render_v a_o dense_a body_n rare_a and_o so_o condensation_n be_v by_o expel_v the_o light_a part_n or_o admit_v more_o part_n of_o a_o dense_a body_n as_o of_o earth_n which_o do_v condensate_a through_o its_o contiguous_a gravity_n wherefore_o we_o be_v not_o force_v to_o grant_v a_o vacuum_n in_o rarefaction_n because_o a_o body_n be_v rarefy_v through_o the_o supply_n of_o the_o suppose_a void_a space_n by_o the_o presence_n of_o fire_n neither_o need_v we_o to_o assert_v a_o penetration_n of_o body_n in_o condensation_n since_o that_o those_o part_n which_o be_v suppose_v to_o be_v penetrate_v into_o the_o substance_n of_o other_o be_v expel_v it_o be_v not_o then_o as_o tolet_n write_v that_o rarefaction_n be_v become_v great_a out_o of_o little_a without_o the_o apposition_n or_o detraction_n of_o a_o new_a substance_n for_o be_v it_o so_o then_o of_o a_o necessity_n there_o must_v be_v allow_v a_o penetration_n of_o body_n in_o condensation_n and_o a_o vacuum_n in_o rarefaction_n wherefore_o scaliger_n say_v well_o in_o his_o four_o exerc._n that_o there_o can_v be_v no_o addensation_n or_o rarefaction_n although_o rarity_n and_o density_n be_v real_o in_o they_o in_o any_o single_a body_n ergo_fw-la dum_fw-la inter_fw-la unum_fw-la minimum_fw-la naturale_fw-la ignis_fw-la puri_fw-la &_o minima_fw-la continua_fw-la circumsita_fw-la nullum_fw-la medium_n corpus_fw-la intercedat_fw-la quonam_fw-la igitur_fw-la modo_fw-la queunt_fw-la esse_fw-la propius_fw-la ant_n longinquius_fw-la sine_fw-la intervallo_fw-la mutuave_fw-la cor_fw-la porum_fw-la penetratione_fw-la wherefore_o since_o between_o one_o natural_a minimum_fw-la of_o pure_a fire_n &_o the_o surround_v continuate_v minima_n which_o be_v the_o minima_n of_o the_o air_n there_o be_v no_o middle_a body_n interpose_v how_o then_o can_v they_o be_v near_o or_o further_o without_o a_o interval_n or_o mutual_a penetration_n of_o body_n the_o reason_n as_o i_o say_v before_o be_v because_o without_o the_o adjunction_n of_o another_o body_n to_o a_o single_a one_o there_o be_v no_o rarefaction_n or_o condensation_n observe_v by_o the_o way_n that_o many_o of_o the_o parepatetick_n make_v a_o twofold_a rarity_n in_o body_n the_o one_o they_o confound_v with_o a_o thinness_n as_o you_o may_v read_v in_o arist._n lab._n 2._o the_o part_n anim._n cap._n 1._o and_o grammat_n lib._n 2._o de_fw-la ortu_fw-la &_o inter_fw-la context_n 8._o this_o they_o refer_v to_o the_o category_n of_o quality_n and_o do_v consecute_v heat_n the_o other_o which_o be_v the_o more_o frequent_a and_o proper_a acception_n of_o rarity_n as_o they_o say_v be_v which_o do_v not_o consist_v in_o a_o tenuity_n of_o a_o substance_n but_o in_o the_o distance_n of_o part_n between_o one_o another_o and_o so_o they_o call_v a_o sponge_n rare_a because_o it_o have_v part_n distant_a from_o one_o another_o through_o a_o interpose_a space_n not_o real_o void_a which_o contain_v no_o body_n but_o be_v fill_v with_o another_o thin_a and_o insensible_a body_n as_o in_o a_o sponge_n who_o part_n be_v call_v void_a wherein_o notwithstanding_o air_n be_v contain_v this_o kind_n of_o rarity_n they_o refer_v to_o the_o category_n of_o situs_fw-la i_o take_v they_o in_o this_o last_o acception_n and_o demand_v whether_o it_o be_v not_o the_o air_n which_o cause_v that_o situation_n and_o distance_n of_o part_n for_o the_o sponge_n be_v condense_v through_o express_v the_o air_n by_o compression_n of_o the_o sponge_n if_o so_o than_o it_o be_v not_o a_o single_a quality_n educe_v out_o of_o the_o power_n of_o matter_n but_o the_o enter_v of_o the_o air_n into_o its_o pore_n which_o do_v rarify_v as_o they_o term_v it_o the_o sponge_n zabarel_n lib._n de_fw-fr calore_fw-la coelest_n cap._n 3._o attribute_n rarity_n to_o the_o causality_n of_o heat_n and_o density_n to_o coldness_n but_o before_o he_o have_v propose_v a_o objection_n which_o be_v that_o heat_n be_v produce_v by_o rarefaction_n and_o attrition_n to_o this_o he_o strive_v to_o answer_v below_o but_o find_v he_o can_v not_o go_v through_o with_o it_o recant_v and_o state_n that_o in_o the_o element_n as_o they_o be_v simple_a their_o heat_n do_v produce_v rarity_n and_o so_o do_v rarity_n reciprocal_o produce_v heat_n a_o absurdity_n to_o affirm_v the_o effect_n to_o be_v the_o cause_n of_o its_o cause_n and_o the_o cause_n to_o be_v the_o effect_n of_o itself_o 2._o heat_n be_v not_o the_o cause_n of_o rarity_n because_o fire_n be_v the_o rare_a of_o all_o in_o its_o own_o region_n and_o yet_o as_o they_o confess_v fire_n be_v not_o hot_a in_o its_o own_o seat_n viii_o the_o first_o quality_n of_o water_n be_v gravity_n with_o continuity_n the_o second_o emanate_v thence_o be_v crassitude_n which_o be_v a_o thick_a consistence_n exporrect_v through_o all_o its_o dimension_n you_o will_v grant_v i_o that_o crassitude_n proceed_v from_o a_o arct_a and_o near_a union_n of_o part_n or_o from_o a_o close_a compression_n of_o the_o say_a part_n this_o compression_n and_o union_n derive_v from_o gravity_n this_o gravity_n be_v continuous_a do_v necessary_o cause_v a_o crassitude_n for_o be_v it_o contiguous_a it_o will_v effect_v a_o density_n there_o be_v nothing_o unless_o it_o be_v water_n or_o waterish_a body_n that_o be_v thick_a as_o oil_n gum_n rozzens_n fat_a tallow_n be_v all_o waterish_a so_o far_o at_o they_o be_v thick_a yet_o not_o without_o the_o admistion_n of_o most_o air_n ice_n crystal_n diamond_n and_o most_o precious_a stone_n be_v waterish_a and_o therefore_o thick_a choler_n pepper_n the_o star_n etc._n etc._n be_v rare_a because_o they_o be_v fiery_a that_o be_v participate_v more_o of_o fire_n then_o of_o any_o other_o element_n fly_n cobweb_n cloud_n etc._n etc._n be_v thin_a because_o they_o be_v airy_a all_o earthy_a body_n be_v dense_a as_o mineral_n stone_n etc._n etc._n now_o as_o it_o be_v necessary_a that_o all_o the_o element_n shall_v meet_v in_o every_o body_n so_o it_o be_v necessary_a that_o there_o shall_v concomitate_fw-la rarity_n density_n tenuity_n and_o crassitude_n in_o each_o mix_a body_n wherefore_o do_v not_o think_v it_o strange_a that_o thinness_n and_o thickness_n shall_v be_v in_o one_o body_n although_o they_o be_v count_v contrary_n among_o author_n i_o can_v but_o admire_v that_o all_o philosopher_n to_o this_o very_a day_n shall_v have_v confound_v the_o signification_n of_o these_o word_n thick_a dense_a thin_a rare_a name_v thick_a body_n dense_a thin_a one_o rare_a and_o so_o reciprocal_o as_o if_o they_o be_v one_o whereas_o there_o be_v a_o great_a distinction_n between_o they_o aristotle_n johan_n grammat_n tolet_n zabarel_n and_o many_o other_o take_v thinness_n and_o rarity_n to_o be_v the_o same_o as_o also_o thickness_n and_o density_n whereas_o you_o may_v now_o evident_o know_v that_o they_o be_v altogether_o distinct_a and_o wherein_o they_o be_v so_o it_o be_v erroneous_a to_o say_v that_o water_n be_v dense_a or_o fire_n thick_a air_n rare_a etc._n etc._n but_o water_n be_v alone_o thick_a air_n thin_a earth_n dense_n and_o fire_n rare_a bartholin_n lib._n 1._o phys._n cap._n 5._o define_v thickness_n by_o a_o adulterine_n cause_n thickness_n say_v he_o be_v think_v to_o derive_v from_o coldness_n and_o density_n and_o a_o little_a before_o he_o describe_v density_n to_o be_v derive_v from_o coldness_n and_o thickness_n mark_v his_o thick_a dulness_n in_o assert_v thickness_n to_o be_v the_o cause_n of_o density_n and_o density_n of_o thickness_n the_o cause_n must_v be_v prio_fw-la causato_fw-la natura_fw-la saltem_fw-la but_o here_o neither_o be_v prior_n he_o make_v a_o difference_n in_o their_o name_n but_o in_o re_fw-mi he_o conclude_v they_o to_o be_v one_o ix_o the_o first_o quality_n of_o air_n be_v levity_n with_o continuity_n its_o second_o be_v tenuity_n which_o be_v a_o thin_a consistence_n of_o a_o substance_n wherefore_o thinness_n and_o thickness_n be_v
as_o it_o be_v modi_fw-la consistentiae_fw-la heat_n be_v not_o the_o cause_n of_o tenuity_n in_o air_n because_o heat_n be_v accidental_a to_o air_n and_o tenuity_n be_v essential_a or_o at_o least_o coessential_a but_o that_o which_o be_v accidental_a and_o extrinsic_a can_v be_v the_o cause_n of_o that_o which_o be_v essential_a and_o intrinsic_a the_o next_o effect_n we_o can_v imagine_v to_o emanate_v from_o lightness_n with_o continuity_n or_o the_o great_a diduction_n and_o yet_o remain_v continuate_v must_v needs_o be_v tenuity_n beside_o these_o there_o be_v some_o more_o quality_n restant_n as_o obtuseness_n and_o acuteness_n asperity_n and_o levor_fw-la solidity_n and_o liquidity_n softness_n and_o hardness_n lentor_n and_o friability_n it_o be_v a_o mistake_n in_o author_n to_o derive_v the_o original_a of_o these_o quality_n from_o the_o element_n as_o they_o constitute_v a_o mix_a body_n and_o thence_o to_o term_v they_o quality_n of_o a_o mix_a body_n to_o the_o contrary_a they_o do_v emanate_n from_o the_o element_n as_o they_o be_v conceive_v in_o their_o absolute_a form_n as_o have_v be_v prove_v these_o quality_n you_o may_v nominate_v three_o four_o and_o five_o according_a as_o the_o understanding_n do_v apprehend_v the_o one_o to_o be_v before_o the_o other_o in_o nature_n although_o not_o in_o time_n the_o three_o quality_n of_o the_o element_n be_v obtuseness_n acuteness_n etc._n etc._n i_o prove_v it_o because_o we_o apprehend_v they_o next_o to_o the_o second_o quality_n for_o the_o understanding_n in_o discern_v these_o sensible_a quality_n be_v lead_v by_o the_o sense_n as_o its_o pilot_n now_o our_o tact_n or_o feeling_n be_v the_o first_o in_o esse_fw-la &_o operari_fw-la be_v also_o employ_v in_o distinguish_v those_o first_o second_o and_o three_o quality_n and_o for_o that_o reason_n they_o be_v all_o call_v tactible_a or_o tangible_a quality_n the_o first_o action_n make_v by_o any_o of_o the_o element_n upon_o the_o tact_n be_v local_a motion_n as_o gravity_n and_o levity_n for_o feel_v any_o element_n its_o weight_n or_o lightness_n will_v be_v the_o first_o thing_n we_o shall_v perceive_v the_o next_o will_v be_v its_o rarity_n or_o density_n the_o three_o acuteness_n or_o hebetude_n the_o four_o asperity_n or_o levor_fw-la the_o five_o hardness_n or_o softness_n the_o six_o solidity_n or_o liquidity_n the_o seven_o lentor_n or_o friability_n there_o be_v a_o twofold_a acuteness_n formal_o differ_v from_o one_o another_o 1._o a_o acuteness_n derive_v from_o density_n 2._o a_o acuteness_n emanate_v from_o rarity_n acuteness_n be_v a_o quality_n whereby_o our_o tact_n be_v most_o divide_v obtuseness_n be_v a_o quality_n whereby_o our_o tact_n be_v least_o divide_v acuteness_n be_v in_o fire_n and_o earth_n but_o in_o a_o different_a manner_n acuteness_n in_o fire_n be_v a_o rare_a acuteness_n whereby_o it_o most_o divide_v our_o tact_n through_o its_o part_n be_v contiguous_o diduct_v or_o spread_v from_o the_o centre_n the_o acuteness_n inherent_a in_o earth_n be_v a_o dense_a acuteness_n whereby_o it_o divide_v our_o tact_n through_o a_o dense_a acuteness_n or_o minima_n move_v through_o their_o press_a weight_n to_o the_o centre_n obtuseness_n be_v a_o quality_n follow_v crassitude_n and_o tenuity_n whereby_o its_o subject_n compress_v our_o tact_n or_o divide_v it_o less_o or_o least_o and_o in_o long_a time_n obtuseness_n in_o air_n be_v a_o quality_n immediate_o produce_v by_o its_o tenuity_n and_o continuous_a expansion_n for_o be_v it_o contiguous_a it_o will_v be_v acute_a but_o be_v continuous_a one_o part_n hinder_v the_o other_o from_o penetrate_v or_o divide_v any_o object_v body_n and_o so_o its_o part_n act_v together_o and_o equal_o they_o effect_v a_o compression_n this_o compression_n or_o obtuseness_n in_o the_o air_n be_v thin_a and_o subtle_a and_o more_o potent_a than_o that_o in_o water_n because_o it_o resist_v less_o and_o therefore_o be_v also_o less_o oppose_v and_o through_o its_o subtlety_n be_v capable_a of_o make_v strong_a opposition_n obtuseness_n in_o water_n issue_v out_o of_o a_o thick_a quality_n or_o from_o its_o continuous_a depress_v virtue_n this_o obtuseness_n and_o that_o in_o air_n as_o also_o acuteness_n in_o fire_n and_o earth_n be_v altogether_o different_a as_o i_o say_v before_o but_o through_o the_o narrowness_n of_o the_o language_n i_o be_o compel_v to_o attribute_v each_o to_o two_o several_a being_n add_v some_o note_n of_o distinction_n the_o same_o understand_v of_o all_o the_o other_o derive_v quality_n asperity_n be_v a_o quality_n immediate_o consecute_v acuteness_n and_o levor_fw-la be_v a_o quality_n emanate_v from_o hebetude_n or_o obtuseness_n asperity_n more_o plain_o be_v a_o inequality_n or_o roughness_n in_o the_o surface_n of_o a_o body_n this_o experience_n tell_v we_o proceed_v from_o a_o sharpness_n or_o acuteness_n levor_fw-la be_v a_o equality_n of_o the_o surface_n descend_v from_o hebetude_n or_o a_o continuous_a pressure_n or_o diduction_n asperity_n in_o fire_n be_v a_o rare_a diffuse_v and_o vibrate_v asperity_n that_o in_o earth_n be_v a_o dense_n heavy_a contract_a asperity_n i_o prove_v it_o our_o feel_n certify_v we_o that_o fire_n be_v a_o rare_a diffuse_v and_o vibrate_v roughness_n and_o so_o feel_a earth_n we_o feel_v a_o dense_n heavy_a and_o contract_a roughness_n from_o a_o contiguous_a and_o dense_a asperity_n spread_v hardness_n which_o be_v a_o quality_n where_o by_o its_o subject_n be_v difficulty_n press_v down_o into_o itself_o so_o thin_a levor_fw-la beget_v softness_n which_o be_v a_o quality_n whereby_o its_o subject_n easy_o give_v way_n into_o itself_o to_o pressure_n hardness_n in_o earth_n may_v proper_o be_v term_v rigidity_n or_o a_o rugged_a hardness_n because_o the_o earth_n do_v only_o of_o all_o the_o element_n possess_v its_o centre_n and_o therefore_o can_v introcede_v into_o itself_o that_o rigidity_n be_v cause_v by_o asperity_n its_o ordinary_a definition_n among_o physician_n do_v testify_v rigidity_n say_v they_o be_v a_o hardness_n with_o asperity_n or_o a_o roughness_n that_o be_v from_o asperity_n from_o a_o continuous_a and_o thick_a obtuseness_n derive_v a_o smooth_a hardness_n such_o as_o be_v conceive_v in_o crystal_n or_o ice_n and_o be_v alone_o proper_a to_o water_n softness_n in_o fire_n be_v unequal_a or_o rough_a be_v whereby_o it_o give_v way_n towards_o its_o circumference_n if_o press_v from_o without_o softness_n in_o air_n be_v equal_a and_o smooth_a be_v whereby_o it_o give_v way_n towards_o its_o circumference_n if_o press_v from_o without_o solidity_n be_v a_o effect_n of_o hardness_n through_o which_o a_o body_n be_v consistent_a that_o be_v uncapable_a of_o flow_v so_o water_n be_v a_o smooth_a solid_a body_n because_o of_o its_o peculiar_a hardness_n and_o earth_n be_v a_o rugged_a solid_a body_n likewise_o because_o of_o its_o proper_a hardness_n liquidity_n be_v a_o effect_n of_o softness_n whereby_o a_o body_n be_v apt_a to_o flow_v or_o to_o be_v diduct_v in_o fire_n it_o be_v rare_a and_o acute_a in_o air_n thin_a and_o obtuse_a solidity_n produce_v friability_n which_o be_v a_o quality_n whereby_o its_o part_n be_v separable_a from_o one_o another_o in_o minute_n particle_n wherefore_o since_o solidity_n can_v give_v way_n by_o flow_v it_o give_v way_n through_o friability_n lentor_n be_v a_o quality_n produce_v by_o liquidity_n and_o be_v whereby_o a_o body_n be_v render_v deductible_a by_o reason_n of_o its_o continuity_n of_o part_n we_o may_v otherwise_o apprehend_v these_o quality_n to_o differ_v from_o one_o another_o secundum_fw-la magis_fw-la &_o minus_fw-la thus_o asperity_n be_v a_o great_a acuteness_n of_o part_n hardness_n be_v a_o great_a asperity_n or_o thick_a levor_fw-la solidity_n be_v a_o great_a hardness_n levor_fw-la be_v a_o great_a obtuseness_n softness_n be_v a_o great_a thin_a levor_fw-la liquidity_n be_v a_o great_a softness_n chap._n xv._n of_o the_o respective_a quality_n of_o the_o element_n particular_o of_o fire_n earth_n and_o water_n 1._o what_o be_v mean_v by_o the_o respective_a quality_n of_o the_o element_n why_o they_o be_v term_v second_o quality_n 2._o that_o heat_n be_v the_o second_o respective_a or_o accidental_a quality_n of_o fire_n that_o fire_n be_v not_o burn_v hot_a within_o its_o own_o region_n that_o fire_n do_v not_o burn_v unless_o it_o flame_n be_v prove_v by_o a_o experiment_n through_o aq._n fort_n 3._o that_o heat_n in_o fire_n be_v violent_o produce_v the_o manner_n of_o the_o production_n of_o a_o flame_n what_o it_o be_v which_o we_o call_v hot_a warm_a or_o burn_v how_o fire_n dissolve_v and_o consume_v a_o body_n into_o ash_n 4._o that_o heat_n be_v nothing_o else_o but_o a_o multiplication_n condensation_n and_o retention_n of_o the_o part_n of_o fire_n the_o degree_n of_o heat_n in_o fire_n and_o how_o it_o come_v to_o be_v warm_a hot_a scorch_a hot_a blister_a hot_a burn_v hot_a and_o consume_v hot_a 5._o a_o way_n
man_n the_o great_a error_n commit_v in_o try_v of_o witch_n by_o cast_v they_o into_o the_o water_n 3._o that_o a_o great_a condensation_n or_o rarefaction_n be_v impossible_a in_o the_o earth_n 4._o in_o what_o sense_n the_o author_n understand_v and_o intend_v rarefaction_n and_o condensation_n throughout_o his_o philosophy_n 5._o the_o three_o respective_a quality_n of_o fire_n what_o dryness_n be_v the_o definition_n of_o moisture_n the_o three_o respective_a quality_n of_o water_n and_o ayr._n aristotle_n description_n of_o moisture_n reject_v that_o water_n be_v the_o primum_fw-la humidum_fw-la in_o what_o sense_n air_n be_v term_v dry_a in_o what_o moist_a 1._o the_o second_o respective_a quality_n of_o air_n be_v a_o continuous_a expression_n towards_o the_o circumference_n as_o we_o see_v in_o water_n viz._n in_o bubble_n within_o who_o body_n air_n be_v contain_v do_v express_v the_o water_n to_o the_o circumference_n when_o water_n be_v thus_o express_v to_o the_o circumference_n we_o say_v then_o it_o be_v water_n attenuate_v or_o rarefy_v and_o when_o air_n be_v contain_v within_o the_o body_n of_o water_n so_o as_o it_o be_v not_o strong_a enough_o to_o come_v forth_o we_o say_v it_o be_v air_n incrassated_a but_o these_o be_v no_o real_a transmutation_n for_o can_v any_o body_n imagine_v that_o air_n be_v real_o and_o essential_o incrassated_a or_o condense_a as_o they_o call_v it_o or_o that_o water_n be_v attenuate_v or_o essential_o change_v into_o a_o thin_a substance_n by_o air_n i_o prove_v that_o a_o real_a incrassation_n of_o the_o air_n be_v impossible_a peripatecick_n general_o conceive_v the_o incrassation_n of_o the_o air_n to_o happen_v when_o that_o air_n have_v thin_o or_o natural_o fill_v up_o a_o cavity_n there_o be_v as_o much_o more_o impacted_a in_o that_o cavity_n upon_o the_o precede_a air_n as_o the_o cavity_n contain_v before_o through_o this_o impaction_n the_o former_a air_n must_v needs_o give_v way_n into_o itself_o for_o to_o admit_v that_o air_n which_o be_v last_o enter_v wherefore_o say_v they_o there_o must_v be_v a_o penetration_n of_o body_n whereby_o that_o former_a air_n do_v introcede_v into_o itself_o the_o air_n then_o thus_o introcede_v into_o itself_o be_v call_v air_n incrassated_a water_n be_v attenuate_v when_o a_o pint_n of_o water_n be_v diduct_v to_o a_o pint_n and_o a_o quarter_n or_o more_o without_o be_v insufflate_v by_o the_o air_n or_o any_o other_o admit_v body_n so_o rarefaction_n of_o earth_n be_v when_o the_o earth_n possess_v the_o space_n of_o a_o pistol_n bullet_n be_v diduct_v to_o the_o extent_n of_o space_n of_o a_o musket_n bullet_n without_o the_o admission_n of_o any_o other_o element_n fire_n be_v suppose_v to_o be_v condense_v in_o the_o same_o manner_n as_o air_n be_v incrassated_a this_o be_v the_o true_a and_o evident_a state_n of_o the_o controversy_n touch_v rarefaction_n and_o condensation_n attenuation_n &_o incrassation_n which_o never_o any_o among_o the_o peripatetic_n do_v yet_o true_o state_n they_o suppose_v and_o take_v it_o for_o grant_v that_o such_o a_o condensation_n &_o rarefaction_n artenuation_n and_o incrassation_n be_v possible_a and_o happen_v every_o moment_n do_v proceed_v in_o debate_v whether_o a_o penetration_n of_o body_n be_v not_o necessary_a in_o rarefaction_n and_o condensation_n as_o for_o insufflation_n that_o be_v not_o to_o be_v call_v in_o question_n because_o we_o state_v incrassation_n and_o rarefaction_n to_o happen_v without_o the_o admittance_n of_o any_o other_o body_n wherefore_o prove_v such_o a_o incrassation_n and_o attenuation_n to_o be_v impossible_a and_o absurd_a their_o further_a surmise_v of_o penetration_n will_v seem_v ridiculous_a suppose_v that_o a_o glass_n be_v fill_v with_o pure_a water_n all_o the_o art_n of_o the_o world_n can_v not_o distend_v it_o without_o the_o admission_n of_o another_o body_n through_o the_o force_n of_o which_o its_o part_n may_v be_v divide_v and_o lift_v up_o since_o then_o that_o water_n be_v say_v to_o be_v attenuate_v because_o its_o part_n be_v lift_v up_o &_o diduct_v through_o air_n and_o fire_n retain_v with_o their_o body_n this_o can_v be_v a_o natural_a and_o proper_a attenuation_n of_o the_o real_a part_n of_o water_n but_o only_o a_o violent_a diduction_n of_o water_n through_o the_o air_n which_o be_v under_o it_o here_o may_v be_v object_v that_o water_n when_o it_o be_v thus_o lift_v up_o and_o expanded_a be_v stretch_v and_o through_o that_o stretch_v its_o part_n be_v attenuate_v and_o its_o quantity_n be_v increase_v because_o after_o the_o retch_v it_o possess_v a_o large_a place_n to_o this_o i_o answer_v that_o the_o increase_n of_o quantity_n about_o the_o surface_n be_v not_o through_o a_o single_a extent_n of_o water_n without_o access_n of_o other_o part_n of_o water_n to_o it_o but_o the_o increase_n be_v from_o the_o access_n of_o those_o part_n which_o do_v possess_v the_o centre_n and_o now_o be_v beat_v away_o and_o impel_v to_o the_o surface_n where_o arrive_v they_o must_v be_v extend_v in_o great_a quantity_n and_o possess_v a_o large_a place_n so_o that_o what_o be_v increase_v in_o the_o surface_n be_v decrease_v from_o the_o centre_n and_o its_o adjacent_a part_n a_o chord_n of_o a_o instrument_n be_v producted_v in_o length_n because_o it_o be_v diminish_v in_o thickness_n and_o not_o from_o a_o mere_a quality_n without_o the_o access_n of_o other_o part_n 2._o be_v the_o natural_a thickness_n of_o water_n transmutable_a into_o thinness_n than_o one_o extreme_a contrary_n will_v be_v transmutable_a into_o the_o other_o for_o thinness_n and_o thickness_n be_v as_o much_o contrary_a as_o coldness_n and_o heat_n or_o dryness_n and_o moisture_n and_o who_o ever_o know_v the_o same_o coldness_n change_v into_o heat_n or_o the_o same_o heat_n into_o coldness_n that_o will_v be_v as_o if_o one_o say_v one_o and_o the_o same_o be_v both_o cold_a and_o hot_a at_o the_o same_o time_n i_o guess_v your_o reply_n to_o wit_n that_o through_o thinness_n be_v not_o mean_v a_o extreme_a thinness_n but_o a_o less_o thickness_n only_o i_o answer_v that_o if_o a_o thick_a element_n be_v transmutable_a into_o a_o less_o thick_a then_o certain_o through_o the_o continuance_n and_o intention_n of_o the_o cause_n of_o that_o less_o thicken_a it_o may_v become_v least_o thick_a that_o be_v most_o thin_a wherefore_o your_o reply_n be_v invalid_a 3._o be_v thickness_n transmutable_a into_o thinness_n than_o every_o rarefaction_n will_v be_v a_o creation_n secundi_fw-la modi_fw-la or_o a_o new_a generation_n because_o such_o a_o transmutation_n be_v a_o non_fw-la esse_fw-la vel_fw-la a_o nihilo_fw-la svi_fw-la ad_fw-la esse_fw-la aliquid_fw-la for_o thickness_n be_v a_o positive_a if_o i_o may_v be_v suffer_v to_o term_v it_o so_o privation_n and_o negation_n of_o thinness_n because_o when_o we_o affirm_v a_o thing_n to_o be_v thick_a it_o be_v the_o same_o as_o if_o we_o say_v it_o be_v not_o thin_a 4._o thickness_n be_v a_o property_n quarti_fw-la modi_fw-la of_o water_n but_o a_o proprium_fw-la quarti_fw-la modi_fw-la be_v inseparable_a from_o its_o subject_n and_o that_o to_o remain_v in_o be_v ii_o the_o same_o argument_n prove_v the_o impossibility_n of_o incrassate_a air_n and_o such_o a_o supposition_n be_v so_o far_o absurd_a that_o it_o be_v impossible_a and_o contradictory_n to_o nature_n that_o one_o minimum_fw-la more_fw-it of_o air_n shall_v enter_v into_o a_o cavity_n already_o fill_v up_o with_o it_o and_o the_o air_n will_v soon_o break_v the_o world_n then_o admit_v incrassation_n although_o but_o in_o one_o minimum_fw-la if_o the_o nature_n of_o air_n be_v to_o be_v thin_a then_o in_o take_v away_o tenuity_n you_o take_v away_o the_o nature_n of_o ayr._n and_o if_o air_n can_v be_v incrassated_a in_o one_o minimum_fw-la it_o may_v be_v incrassated_a to_o the_o thickness_n of_o water_n last_o be_v there_o any_o such_o incrassation_n there_o must_v of_o necessity_n a_o penetration_n of_o body_n be_v allow_v but_o a_o penetration_n be_v impossible_a ergo_fw-la incrassation_n also_o i_o prove_v that_o a_o penetration_n be_v impossible_a suppose_v a_o hundred_o minima_n of_o air_n be_v through_o penetration_n incrassated_a to_o fifty_o and_o these_o fifty_o to_o possess_v but_o half_a the_o place_n which_o the_o hundred_o do_v fill_v up_o i_o conclude_v then_o that_o through_o continuance_n and_o intention_n of_o the_o same_o incrassate_a cause_n they_o can_v be_v reduce_v to_o one_o minimum_fw-la and_o from_o one_o minimum_fw-la to_o the_o essence_n of_o a_o spirit_n or_o to_o nothing_o for_o since_o they_o through_o penetration_n have_v lose_v the_o space_n of_o ninety_o nine_o unity_n of_o point_n through_o the_o same_o reason_n they_o may_v the_o easy_o lose_v the_o last_o unity_n and_o so_o become_v spirit_n and_o thence_o nothing_o if_o there_o be_v a_o penetration_n of_o body_n than_o the_o less_o body_n into_o which_o the_o
spirit_n how_o the_o air_n happen_v to_o burst_v through_o a_o sudden_a great_a light_n that_o a_o sudden_a great_a light_n may_v blind_v kill_v or_o cast_v a_o man_n into_o a_o apoplexy_n 8._o how_o light_n render_v all_o object_n visible_a why_o a_o piece_n of_o money_n cast_v into_o a_o basin_n fill_v with_o water_n appear_v big_a than_o it_o be_v the_o cause_n of_o apparent_a colour_n why_o a_o great_a object_n appear_v but_o small_a to_o one_o afar_o off_o the_o difference_n between_o lux_fw-la and_o lumen_fw-la what_o a_o beam_n be_v what_o a_o splendour_n be_v that_o the_o light_n beget_v by_o the_o star_n and_o other_o flame_n be_v not_o distinguish_v specie_fw-la how_o the_o coelum_fw-la empyreum_fw-la be_v say_v to_o be_v lucid._n i._o we_o be_v now_o to_o ennumerate_v and_o unfold_v the_o remain_a quality_n rise_v from_o the_o mixture_n of_o the_o element_n such_o be_v light_a colour_n sound_n odour_n and_o sapour_n we_o will_v first_o begin_v with_o light_n as_o be_v the_o excellent_a among_o they_o light_n be_v a_o quality_n emanate_v from_o flame_a fire_n a_o flame_n be_v nothing_o else_o but_o incrassated_a air_n expanded_a and_o deduct_v in_o rotundity_n by_o condense_a fire_n which_o be_v detain_v and_o imprison_v within_o the_o foresay_a qualify_v air._n the_o difficulty_n require_v illustration_n be_v 1._o how_o the_o fire_n come_v to_o be_v condense_v 2._o how_o imprison_v 3._o why_o the_o air_n do_v immediate_o surround_v it_o 4._o how_o light_n be_v propagate_v and_o the_o manner_n of_o its_o action_n as_o to_o the_o first_o fire_n i_o have_v tell_v you_o will_v not_o burn_v unless_o it_o be_v condense_v for_o be_v natural_o rare_a it_o penetrate_v through_o the_o incrassated_a air_n with_o ease_n but_o be_v condense_v it_o do_v not_o because_o it_o be_v adjoin_v to_o a_o heavy_a gross_a body_n namely_o the_o minima_n of_o the_o earth_n and_o water_n which_o do_v put_v a_o stop_n to_o its_o pass_n but_o nevertheless_o the_o force_n of_o fire_n be_v strong_a by_o reason_n of_o those_o adjoin_v heavy_a minima_n for_o fire_n be_v violent_o detain_v by_o they_o be_v grow_v strong_a 2._o fire_n be_v to_o divide_v another_o thick_a body_n make_v use_v of_o the_o compress_a accuteness_n of_o earth_n to_o divide_v it_o which_o it_o effect_n by_o protrude_a those_o dense_a part_n before_o it_o for_o through_o its_o single_a rarity_n it_o can_v not_o 2._o fire_n fly_v out_o and_o be_v expulse_v out_o of_o a_o mix_a body_n if_o it_o do_v not_o meet_v with_o incrassated_a air_n to_o retain_v it_o will_v pass_v and_o vanish_v but_o hit_v against_o incrassated_a air_n it_o strive_v to_o pass_v the_o air_n again_o be_v continuous_a do_v maintain_v her_o continuity_n with_o all_o her_o force_n and_o three_o the_o fire_n move_v circular_o make_v a_o circular_a dent_n into_o the_o mass_n of_o the_o say_v thicken_v air_n which_o it_o beat_v against_o the_o advenient_a air_n also_o strive_v from_o all_o part_n to_o recover_v its_o situation_n and_o therefore_o necessary_o surround_v the_o fire_n the_o air_n again_o be_v also_o become_v strong_a because_o of_o its_o violent_a detention_n notwithstanding_o the_o fire_n be_v the_o more_o potent_a do_v deduct_v it_o into_o a_o oval_n or_o round_a figure_n in_o the_o same_o manner_n as_o wind_n strive_v to_o pass_v the_o water_n do_v blow_v it_o up_o into_o a_o bubble_n fire_n be_v thus_o condense_v imprison_a and_o surround_v with_o thick_a air_n and_o diduct_v the_o same_o air_n into_o a_o oval_n or_o round_a figure_n be_v call_v a_o flame_n ii_o the_o property_n of_o a_o flame_n be_v 1._o to_o be_v burn_v hot_a 2._o to_o be_v a_o lux_fw-la illuminans_fw-la illuminate_v light_n the_o burn_a proceed_v from_o the_o particle_n of_o condense_a fire_n violent_o strike_v through_o the_o moisture_n of_o a_o mix_a body_n whereby_o it_o divide_v it_o into_o ash_n or_o a_o black_a crust_n tend_v to_o ash_n before_o i_o show_v the_o manner_n of_o emanation_n of_o light_n let_v we_o first_o examine_v what_o it_o be_v we_o call_v light_n sense_n light_n be_v that_o which_o be_v visible_a and_o render_v all_o thing_n about_o it_o visible_a wherefore_o you_o do_v mark_n that_o light_n be_v nothing_o but_o that_o which_o affect_v and_o move_v the_o eyesight_n if_o then_o i_o make_v it_o appear_v to_o you_o whereby_o it_o be_v that_o fire_n do_v affect_v the_o eyesight_n therein_o i_o show_v you_o the_o manner_n of_o emanation_n or_o operation_n of_o light_n you_o must_v apprehend_v the_o optic_a spirit_n to_o be_v a_o thin_a continuous_a body_n equal_o interweave_v through_o all_o its_o part_n with_o a_o proportion_n of_o thin_a yet_o a_o little_a condense_a fire_n for_o be_v it_o not_o a_o little_a dense_n it_o can_v not_o heat_n so_o that_o it_o be_v very_o like_a to_o the_o ambient_fw-la air_n in_o substance_n and_o its_o other_o quality_n 2._o suppose_v it_o to_o be_v a_o air_n we_o must_v conceive_v it_o to_o be_v continuous_a with_o the_o ambient_fw-la air_n when_o the_o eye_n be_v open_a this_o premit_v i_o infer_v light_n to_o be_v nothing_o else_o but_o a_o continuous_a obduction_n of_o the_o air_n cause_v by_o a_o flame_a fire_n but_o let_v i_o here_o entreat_v your_o serious_a intention_n upon_o what_o i_o shall_v discover_v concern_v the_o nature_n of_o light_n it_o be_v one_o of_o the_o difficult_a mystery_n of_o all_o philosophy_n and_o although_o its_o effect_n be_v luminous_a to_o the_o eye_n yet_o its_o nature_n be_v obscure_a to_o the_o understanding_n the_o search_n of_o this_o move_v plato_n to_o leave_v athens_n and_o set_v sail_n for_o sicily_n to_o speculate_v those_o flame_n of_o the_o mount_n aetna_n empedocles_n the_o philosopher_n hazard_v himself_o so_o far_o for_o to_o make_v a_o discovery_n of_o the_o nature_n of_o a_o flame_n and_o its_o light_n that_o he_o leave_v his_o body_n in_o the_o mongibell_n fire_n for_o a_o experiment_n although_o much_o beyond_o his_o purpose_n it_o be_v almost_o know_v to_o all_o how_o that_o the_o learned_a pliny_n take_v ship_v from_o the_o promontory_n misenas_n to_o be_v traverse_v to_o the_o mount_n pomponianus_n whither_o curiosity_n have_v drive_v he_o to_o fathom_v the_o depth_n of_o the_o vesuvian_n flame_n but_o before_o he_o can_v feel_v the_o heat_n the_o smoke_n smother_v he_o iii_o first_n than_o i_o prove_v that_o light_n be_v a_o effect_n of_o a_o flame_n there_o be_v no_o flame_n but_o it_o cause_v light_a and_o by_o the_o light_n we_o know_v it_o be_v a_o flame_n ergo_fw-la light_n be_v a_o inseparable_a accident_n and_o a_o propriety_n quartimodi_fw-la of_o a_o flame_n the_o antecedence_n be_v undoubted_a do_v not_o a_o candle_n a_o torch_n a_o focall_a flame_n cause_n light_n or_o do_v you_o ever_o see_v light_n and_o doubt_v of_o the_o flame_n of_o it_o what_o be_v the_o reason_n when_o we_o hit_v our_o forehead_n against_o any_o hard_a thing_n we_o say_v there_o strike_v a_o light_n out_o of_o our_o eye_n it_o be_v because_o the_o violence_n of_o the_o stroke_n do_v discontinuate_a the_o optic_a air_n through_o which_o the_o condense_a fire_n air_n do_v unite_v and_o deduct_v the_o intrinsic_a air_n which_o be_v incrassated_a through_o the_o same_o stroke_n and_o so_o make_v a_o flame_n or_o rather_o a_o flash_n which_o be_v a_o sudden_a flame_n that_o be_v quick_o light_v and_o quick_o lay_v second_o light_n be_v not_o a_o single_a quality_n inhere_v in_o fire_n alone_o for_o be_v it_o so_o then_o where_o ever_o fire_n be_v there_o shall_v be_v light_n but_o to_o the_o contrary_n we_o find_v that_o there_o be_v fire_n inherent_a in_o the_o air_n and_o many_o other_o body_n yet_o the_o air_n remain_v dark_a after_o the_o descent_n of_o the_o planet_n 2._o be_v fire_n natural_o light_a we_o can_v never_o be_v in_o darkness_n because_o the_o vast_a region_n of_o fire_n be_v so_o large_a that_o it_o can_v not_o but_o illuminate_v thrice_o the_o extent_n of_o the_o air_n three_o light_n be_v not_o fire_n rarefy_v and_o exporrect_v throughout_o all_o the_o dimension_n of_o the_o air_n for_o who_o can_v ever_o imagine_v that_o a_o candle_n be_v so_o small_a a_o flame_n shall_v serve_v to_o be_v draw_v out_o through_o the_o air_n and_o fill_v it_o with_o light_n to_o the_o extent_n of_o six_o or_o eight_o league_n for_o a_o candle_n may_v be_v see_v at_o sea_n in_o a_o clear_a dark_a night_n six_o or_o eight_o league_n off_o or_o further_o so_o that_o it_o be_v absurd_a to_o imagine_v this_o and_o unworthy_a of_o a_o philosopher_n maintain_v it_o 2._o it_o be_v impossible_a that_o fire_n can_v be_v so_o exact_o mix_v with_o air_n in_o a_o instant_n for_o so_o large_a a_o extent_n 3._o there_o be_v never_o a_o particle_n of_o illuminate_v air_n but_o it_o be_v light_a to_o the_o full_a extent_n
only_o obduct_v in_o its_o extent_n according_a to_o the_o force_n of_o the_o flame_n and_o when_o it_o be_v so_o stretch_v as_o it_o be_v through_o the_o fire_n obduction_n it_o receive_v the_o force_n of_o the_o flame_n partly_o only_o because_o it_o be_v contract_v by_o expel_v the_o extrinsic_a body_n contain_v within_o it_o &_o so_o yield_v to_o the_o fire_n obduction_n the_o clear_a the_o air_n be_v the_o great_a light_n it_o make_v because_o it_o contain_v no_o extraneous_a body_n can_v contract_v itself_o from_o the_o obtension_n of_o the_o fire_n by_o expel_v such_o body_n but_o be_v total_o continuous_a it_o be_v obtend_v so_o far_o as_o the_o say_a air_n be_v continuous_a continuous_a and_o according_a to_o the_o force_n of_o the_o fire_n the_o reason_n then_o why_o a_o light_n be_v terminate_v be_v through_o the_o contraction_n of_o the_o air_n and_o oft_o time_n through_o the_o density_n of_o a_o intermediate_v body_n as_o of_o thick_a vapour_n and_o exhalation_n according_a to_o the_o diminution_n of_o the_o flame_n the_o air_n relax_n and_o so_o the_o light_n diminish_v v._o the_o cause_n why_o a_o dense_a body_n be_v uncapable_a of_o generate_a a_o light_n be_v by_o reason_n it_o be_v contiguous_a and_o can_v be_v obduct_v or_o stretch_v as_o it_o be_v i_o have_v say_v that_o that_o be_v light_v which_o move_v our_o eyesight_n even_o hence_o i_o will_v sensible_o prove_v to_o you_o that_o light_n be_v nothing_o but_o a_o continuous_a obduction_n of_o air_n suppose_v that_o the_o optic_a spirit_n be_v for_o the_o great_a part_n a_o air_n to_o which_o the_o external_a air_n when_o the_o eyelid_n be_v open_a be_v join_v in_o continuity_n and_o become_v one_o continuous_a body_n with_o the_o optic_a air_n in_o a_o manner_n as_o when_o one_o float_n of_o water_n touch_v another_o they_o become_v continuate_o one_o wherefore_o then_o when_o the_o air_n be_v continuous_o obduct_v as_o far_o as_o where_o it_o be_v continuate_v to_o our_o optic_a air_n it_o must_v necessary_o also_o obduct_v and_o stretch_v the_o same_o optic_a air_n because_o it_o be_v continuous_a to_o it_o that_o light_n move_v the_o sight_n by_o stretch_v the_o optic_a air_n be_v evident_a in_o that_o when_o we_o look_v against_o the_o light_n although_o its_o origin_n be_v far_o off_o we_o feel_v a_o stretch_n in_o our_o eye_n 2._o when_o we_o have_v weary_v ourselves_o by_o see_v we_o complain_v that_o we_o feel_v a_o stretch_n in_o our_o eye_n in_o case_n the_o air_n be_v not_o obduct_v so_o far_o as_o to_o reach_v our_o eye_n than_o we_o do_v not_o see_v it_o as_o when_o a_o thing_n be_v out_o of_o sight_n the_o reason_n why_o we_o can_v see_v it_o although_o nothing_o be_v interpose_v to_o hinder_v be_v because_o its_o stretch_n do_v not_o reach_v as_o far_o as_o our_o eye_n hence_o you_o may_v observe_v that_o visus_fw-la non_fw-la fit_a emittendo_fw-la sed_fw-la recipiendo_fw-la motum_fw-la flammae_fw-la sight_n be_v not_o actuate_v through_o the_o emission_n of_o beam_n from_o our_o sight_n but_o through_o the_o receive_n of_o the_o motion_n of_o a_o flame_n and_o more_o through_o suffer_v patiendo_fw-la non_fw-la agendo_fw-la than_o act_v vi_o the_o fire_n of_o a_o flame_n be_v to_o some_o extent_n disperse_v through_o the_o air_n and_o so_o far_o it_o heat_v the_o air_n nevertheless_o its_o enlighten_v be_v much_o further_o extend_v the_o sun_n which_o be_v the_o great_a flame_n its_o heat_n in_o the_o summer_n reach_v to_o we_o in_o a_o very_a intense_a quality_n its_o light_n will_v reach_v a_o hundred_o or_o more_o time_n further_o than_o it_o be_v the_o tract_n of_o the_o air_n extend_v to_o a_o large_a quantity_n but_o because_o it_o be_v not_o therefore_o its_o heat_n in_o the_o torrid_a zone_n and_o in_o the_o temperate_a one_o in_o the_o summer_n reach_v as_o far_o as_o its_o light_n which_o although_o it_o do_v be_v not_o therefore_o to_o be_v account_v the_o essence_n of_o light_n as_o some_o have_v simple_o imagine_v so_o that_o it_o be_v no_o less_o mistake_n to_o believe_v that_o the_o sun_n light_n can_v be_v precipitate_v in_o a_o glass_n and_o some_o to_o have_v collect_v of_o it_o no_o less_o than_o two_o ounce_n and_o half_a a_o day_n the_o virtue_n of_o this_o precipitate_v be_v describe_v to_o penetrate_v into_o the_o substance_n of_o the_o hard_a metal_n i_o do_v believe_v that_o it_o be_v very_o possible_a to_o precipitate_v such_o small_a body_n constitute_v out_o of_o the_o fiery_a emission_n of_o the_o sun_n who_o virtue_n can_v but_o be_v very_o penetrative_a through_o the_o predominance_n of_o fire_n in_o they_o but_o nevertheless_o it_o be_v not_o the_o light_n which_o be_v precipitate_v but_o fiery_a substance_n neither_o be_v fire_n the_o light_n itself_o but_o the_o cause_n of_o it_o light_n be_v a_o property_n follow_v the_o union_n of_o a_o flame_n with_o the_o air_n wherefore_o the_o air_n be_v rather_o to_o be_v take_v for_o the_o principal_a subject_n vii_o light_n be_v not_o the_o primar_n cause_n of_o all_o the_o effect_n produce_v by_o the_o star_n but_o their_o temperament_n and_o exsuperate_a heat_n accidental_o or_o privative_o their_o remoteness_n and_o remission_n of_o heat_n may_v be_v a_o cause_n of_o coldness_n and_o incrassation_n of_o the_o air_n and_o consequent_o of_o its_o obscurity_n the_o light_n of_o the_o sun_n do_v not_o comfort_v the_o vital_a spirit_n neither_o do_v it_o act_v immediate_o upon_o they_o at_o all_o although_o through_o its_o heat_n it_o may_v help_v and_o excite_v the_o vital_a heat_n of_o some_o frigid_a temperature_n the_o light_n have_v only_o a_o power_n of_o act_v immediate_o and_o per_fw-la se_fw-la upon_o the_o optic_a spirit_n and_o through_o alter_v they_o may_v prove_v a_o mediate_a cause_n of_o vital_a and_o animal_n alteration_n i_o prove_v it_o if_o you_o go_v forth_o out_o of_o the_o dark_a into_o the_o light_n you_o feel_v a_o distension_n or_o rather_o a_o obtension_n of_o your_o visive_a spirit_n return_v again_o out_o of_o the_o light_n into_o the_o dark_a and_o you_o will_v first_o perceive_v a_o relaxation_n and_o afterward_o a_o contraction_n of_o your_o sight_n the_o mediate_v effect_n of_o light_n be_v a_o quicken_n of_o the_o vital_a and_o animal_n spirit_n which_o be_v move_v by_o continuation_n from_o the_o obtension_n of_o the_o optic_a ayr._n a_o sudden_a great_a light_n cause_v a_o burst_v of_o the_o air_n which_o happen_v when_o the_o air_n be_v so_o much_o obtend_v that_o it_o can_v stretch_v no_o more_o and_o then_o of_o a_o necessity_n it_o must_v burst_v a_o burst_v be_v a_o sudden_a break_n of_o a_o body_n throughout_o all_o its_o dimension_n and_o part_n as_o it_o be_v the_o air_n be_v burst_v through_o a_o great_a lightning_n or_o a_o flash_n before_o a_o thunder_n which_o if_o the_o same_o burst_v do_v reach_v diametrical_o to_o the_o optic_a air_n of_o a_o open_a eye_n it_o will_v certain_o blind_a yea_o sometime_o kill_v a_o man_n because_o the_o same_o burst_n be_v continue_v unto_o and_o upon_o the_o optic_a spirit_n and_o sometime_o be_v also_o further_o continuate_v that_o it_o burst_v the_o whole_a treasure_n of_o the_o animal_n spirit_n which_o necessary_o must_v effect_v a_o apoplexy_n a_o man_n come_v forth_o sudden_o out_o of_o the_o dark_a into_o a_o great_a light_n be_v often_o strike_v blind_a because_o his_o optic_a spirit_n be_v burst_v through_o the_o sudden_a and_o strong_a obtention_n or_o if_o it_o obtend_v the_o optic_a air_n to_o the_o next_o lower_v degree_n so_o as_o it_o may_v not_o cause_v a_o burst_v it_o than_o produce_v a_o dazzle_a of_o the_o sight_n that_o be_v a_o over-stretching_a of_o the_o optic_a spirit_n viii_o how_o light_n render_v all_o thing_n visible_a be_v a_o matter_n worthy_a of_o enquiry_n the_o air_n be_v thus_o obtend_v and_o make_v visible_a through_o light_n be_v terminate_v every_o where_o about_o by_o the_o surface_v of_o terminate_v body_n these_o terminate_v surface_n resist_v the_o obtended_a air_n and_o according_a to_o their_o several_a degree_n of_o mixture_n or_o of_o fundamental_a light_n and_o darkness_n do_v attenuate_v refract_v diminish_v contract_n or_o condensate_a the_o obtension_n if_o the_o surface_n of_o the_o resist_a object_n be_v continuous_a and_o weighty_a it_o attenuate_v and_o refract_v or_o reflect_v the_o light_n of_o the_o air_n and_o of_o that_o nature_n be_v water_n for_o water_n be_v adunit_v to_o air_n in_o continuity_n do_v not_o only_o sustain_v the_o obtension_n of_o the_o air_n but_o also_o through_o its_o reflection_n obtend_v the_o obtended_a air_n yet_o more_o and_o so_o the_o obtension_n upon_o the_o water_n must_v be_v great_a by_o reason_n it_o stop_v the_o obduct_v air_n more_o than_o any_o thing_n else_o wherefore_o its_o light_n be_v thin_a but_o withal_o great_a
of_o which_o it_o be_v make_v one_o in_o the_o subject_n and_o distinct_a from_o the_o subject_n out_o of_o which_o essence_n that_o property_n of_o visible_a be_v produce_v a_o manifest_a contradiction_n first_o he_o say_v that_o a_o accident_n have_v always_o a_o substance_n for_o its_o subject_n and_o yet_o in_o itself_o it_o have_v a_o power_n and_o act_n assure_o none_o will_v affirm_v a_o power_n to_o be_v in_o a_o accident_n but_o in_o the_o subject_n for_o to_o receive_v such_o a_o accident_n this_o he_o allow_v himself_o for_o a_o accident_n say_v he_o be_v always_o in_o a_o substance_n as_o its_o subject_n ergo_fw-la it_o have_v its_o essence_n from_o a_o subject_n if_o then_o a_o subject_n give_v its_o essence_n it_o give_v praecedentia_fw-la and_o consequentia_fw-la esse_fw-la it_o be_v then_o the_o power_n that_o be_v from_o the_o subject_n as_o also_o the_o act_n ergo_fw-la a_fw-mi accident_n be_v nothing_o but_o the_o subject_n modify_v 4._o constitute_v principle_n as_o matter_n and_o form_n be_v require_v to_o exist_v at_o one_o time_n but_o the_o power_n and_o act_n can_v exist_v at_o one_o time_n for_o assoon_o as_o the_o act_n be_v adven_v the_o power_n be_v flee_v if_o then_o you_o assert_v it_o to_o be_v a_o principium_fw-la generationis_fw-la than_o the_o subject_n thus_o constitute_v do_v consist_v of_o a_o principle_n pierce_v and_o another_o per_fw-la accidens_fw-la beside_o it_o follow_v that_o a_o accident_n be_v a_o actus_fw-la purus_fw-la if_o so_o than_o a_o accident_n be_v more_o perfect_a than_o a_o man_n or_o a_o angel_n wherefore_o it_o appear_v that_o a_o colour_n be_v nothing_o else_o but_o a_o modification_n of_o a_o subject_n and_o of_o the_o same_o rank_n that_o other_o accident_n be_v of_o beside_o that_o colour_n be_v exempt_v from_o a_o power_n and_o act_n and_o that_o the_o substance_n be_v rather_o to_o be_v conceive_v to_o be_v instruct_v with_o a_o power_n of_o be_v colour_v the_o subsequent_a distinction_n confirm_v my_o interpretation_n of_o his_o word_n for_o say_v he_o light_n be_v a_o act_n of_o visibility_n that_o be_v it_o be_v a_o action_n upon_o a_o visible_a substance_n for_o visibility_n in_o the_o abstract_n be_v invisible_a he_o ought_v rather_o to_o have_v declare_v how_o a_o lucid_a substance_n act_v through_o its_o modality_n or_o action_n upon_o our_o sense_n the_o same_o scaliger_n in_o the_o say_v dist._n assert_n that_o light_n be_v neither_o white_a or_o whiteness_n no_o doubt_v it_o be_v no_o whiteness_n for_o that_o he_o never_o see_v existent_a without_o a_o body_n unless_o it_o be_v a_o spirit_n in_o his_o fancy_n but_o the_o question_n be_v whether_o it_o be_v not_o white_a his_o argument_n allege_v against_o it_o be_v because_o it_o can_v be_v see_v in_o the_o air_n and_o do_v not_o terminate_v the_o sight_n the_o former_a condition_n of_o his_o reason_n be_v simpliciter_fw-la necessary_a the_o latter_a be_v only_o necessary_a necessitate_v consequentiae_fw-la by_o consequence_n i_o reply_v to_o his_o argument_n 1._o that_o light_n be_v visible_a in_o the_o air_n as_o i_o have_v show_v before_o 2._o light_o be_v it_o imaginable_a to_o inhere_o in_o a_o infinite_a subject_n it_o will_v be_v interminate_a and_o yet_o move_v the_o sight_n terminate_o for_o a_o man_n who_o be_v blind_v by_o a_o thin_a cataract_n know_v when_o it_o be_v day_n and_o when_o night_n because_o the_o light_n of_o the_o sun_n move_v his_o optic_a air_n although_o very_o obtuse_o and_o yet_o he_o neither_o see_v the_o termination_n of_o the_o sun_n or_o of_o the_o air._n 3._o light_n be_v not_o invisible_a because_o of_o the_o thinness_n of_o the_o air_n but_o visible_a because_o of_o its_o obductibility_n 4._o the_o air_n intermination_n be_v false_o suppose_v to_o be_v the_o cause_n of_o its_o invisibility_n for_o it_o be_v real_o terminate_v because_o a_o be_v and_o termination_n in_o the_o concrete_a be_v convertible_a further_o it_o be_v evident_a that_o light_n must_v be_v necessary_o terminate_v both_o in_o the_o body_n whence_o it_o be_v derive_v and_o in_o the_o body_n wherein_o it_o be_v receive_v notwithstanding_o it_o be_v not_o always_o necessary_a for_o we_o to_o perceive_v or_o see_v the_o light_n termination_n in_o itself_o for_o that_o we_o seldom_o do_v although_o it_o be_v terminate_v in_o and_o by_o our_o sight_n according_a to_o our_o forestated_a definition_n light_n be_v account_v a_o colour_n but_o most_o single_a that_o be_v without_o any_o composition_n or_o reflection_n ii_o i_o call_v light_v a_o single_a colour_n not_o absolute_o as_o if_o it_o be_v so_o in_o its_o own_o nature_n and_o constitution_n but_o because_o it_o move_v our_o sight_n single_o without_o represent_v any_o mix_a colour_n with_o it_o to_o the_o sight_n this_o single_a motion_n of_o light_n be_v only_o its_o obtension_n continuate_v in_o the_o optic_a air_n &_o be_v otherwise_o know_v by_o the_o name_n of_o a_o interminate_a pellucid_n colour_n in_o case_n light_n be_v reflect_v and_o gather_v in_o great_a quantity_n by_o air_n thicken_v and_o somewhat_o condense_v by_o thin_a and_o by_o a_o little_a condense_a cloud_n it_o produce_v a_o thick_a pellucid_n or_o whiteness_n in_o the_o air_n which_o continuate_v to_o the_o optic_a air_n produce_v the_o same_o whiteness_n there_o this_o we_o perceive_v when_o the_o sun_n be_v say_v to_o shine_v which_o it_o do_v ever_o when_o no_o thick_a dense_a cloud_n be_v interpose_v &_o that_o its_o ray_n be_v condense_v by_o thin_a cloud_a air_n be_v a_o little_a condense_v that_o the_o thin_a shine_a light_n be_v whitish_a be_v further_a apparent_a by_o the_o peripatetic_a description_n of_o white_a white_a be_v a_o colour_n which_o do_v most_o disperse_v the_o sight_n but_o so_o do_v the_o sun_n shine_v light_n ergo_fw-la it_o be_v whitish_a or_o according_a to_o other_o white_a be_v that_o which_o contain_v much_o light_n ergo_fw-la light_n be_v most_o white_a because_o propter_fw-la quod_fw-la unumquodque_fw-la tale_n est_fw-la illud_fw-la magis_fw-la tale_n est_fw-la light_v be_v the_o cause_n and_o fountain_n of_o white_a must_v be_v most_o white_a in_o itself_o iii_o light_n lumen_fw-la be_v actus_fw-la visibilitatis_fw-la say_v scaliger_n that_o be_v it_o render_v a_o visible_a thing_n visible_a but_o how_o not_o efficient_a for_o then_o without_o light_n in_o the_o air_n there_o shall_v be_v no_o fundamental_a colour_n and_o every_o colour_n must_v be_v produce_v through_o light_n at_o the_o moment_n of_o its_o appulse_n but_o as_o a_o medium_n or_o causa_fw-la sine_fw-la qua_fw-la non_fw-la as_o a_o medium_n in_o that_o it_o do_v defer_v the_o ratio_fw-la obductibilitatis_fw-la of_o every_o object_n to_o the_o eye_n the_o manner_n of_o it_o be_v thus_o every_o mix_a colour_n be_v nothing_o else_o but_o the_o degree_n of_o the_o alteration_n of_o the_o mix_a object_n wrought_v upon_o the_o air_n by_o their_o great_a or_o less_o pinch_a contract_a or_o dead_v of_o it_o suppose_v that_o the_o great_a extension_n of_o the_o air_n cause_v a_o pellucidness_n that_o which_o gather_v contract_n or_o dead_v the_o air_n a_o little_a and_o stay_v its_o obtension_n be_v white_a that_o which_o gather_v it_o yet_o more_o be_v yellow_a that_o which_o do_v gather_v it_o most_o be_v black_a that_o which_o gather_v it_o less_o be_v brown_a and_o so_o gradual_o this_o gather_n of_o the_o obtended_a air_n by_o the_o object_v mix_v colour_n be_v a_o kind_n of_o a_o pinch_a whereby_o the_o air_n be_v continuate_o pinch_v to_o the_o extent_n of_o a_o certain_a sphere_n the_o air_n be_v pinch_v do_v continuate_o pinch_v the_o optic_a air_n which_o if_o it_o be_v a_o little_a pinch_v by_o a_o object_v colour_n it_o discern_v it_o to_o be_v white_a or_o if_o very_a much_o it_o discern_v it_o to_o be_v black_a hence_o when_o we_o enter_v into_o a_o mourn_a room_n hang_v about_o with_o black_a cloth_n we_o perceive_v a_o perfect_a pinch_a or_o contraction_n in_o our_o eye_n here_o may_v be_v demand_v whence_o this_o various_a manner_n of_o pinch_v proceed_v since_o that_o pinch_a be_v cause_v by_o a_o solid_a object_n if_o so_o than_o the_o solider_fw-la a_o object_n be_v the_o more_o it_o shall_v pinch_v and_o consequent_o the_o black_a it_o shall_v be_v which_o seem_v erroneous_a for_o gold_n be_v of_o a_o yellow_a colour_n which_o otherwise_o shall_v be_v black_a because_o it_o be_v the_o most_o solid_a of_o all_o body_n i_o answer_v that_o this_o various_a manner_n of_o pinch_v body_n depend_v upon_o the_o degree_n of_o the_o gather_n of_o light_n or_o obtend_v air_n that_o which_o do_v most_o gather_v or_o dead_v the_o air_n be_v a_o continuous_a or_o fluid_a body_n be_v a_o dense_n and_o contiguous_a body_n so_o that_o the_o more_o dense_a that_o a_o body_n be_v the_o more_o light_a it_o gather_v and_o pinch_v the_o strong_a and_o
of_o the_o sun_n and_o in_o oil_n or_o fat_a cast_n into_o focal_a fire_n burn_v white_a here_o may_v be_v object_v that_o snow_n be_v white_a ergo_fw-la it_o shall_v consist_v most_o of_o fire_n which_o it_o do_v not_o i_o repeat_v my_o distinction_n of_o durable_a and_o changeable_a colour_n and_o affirm_v that_o whiteness_n depend_v upon_o fire_n be_v deprehend_v only_o in_o durable_a and_o compact_a permixt_v body_n the_o other_o inherent_a in_o changeable_a subject_n and_o thin_a open_a body_n derive_v more_o from_o the_o ingredient_n light_n enter_v their_o pore_n where_o be_v a_o little_a pinch_v and_o collect_v appear_v white_a so_o that_o this_o may_v be_v think_v to_o be_v as_o much_o the_o colour_n of_o the_o condense_a light_n as_o of_o the_o body_n which_o last_v no_o long_o than_o it_o be_v condense_v by_o condense_a water_n and_o that_o be_v melt_v the_o colour_n vanish_v withal_o possible_o you_o will_v turn_v your_o objection_n to_o a_o bone_n which_o be_v white_a do_v not_o contain_v fire_n predominate_v in_o it_o i_o answer_v that_o a_o bone_n consist_v of_o much_o fire_n and_o air_n as_o appear_v in_o its_o flammability_n and_o therefore_o be_v white_a last_o you_o may_v object_v that_o a_o marble_n stone_n or_o alabaster_n be_v white_a but_o neither_o be_v fiery_a i_o answer_v that_o both_o do_v consist_v of_o a_o condense_a and_o attenuate_v water_n and_o not_o without_o a_o little_a rarefaction_n cause_v by_o the_o fire_n suppose_v that_o marble_n be_v only_o a_o natural_a water_n which_o as_o i_o have_v demonstrate_v be_v natural_o thick_a and_o consistent_a like_a unto_o ice_n and_o condense_v with_o a_o little_a earth_n certain_o it_o will_v be_v of_o a_o transparent_a and_o crystalline_a colour_n this_o ice_n be_v yet_o more_o condense_v by_o earth_n pinch_n and_o collect_v the_o light_a a_o little_a and_o so_o appear_v white_a wherefore_o observe_v that_o this_o white_a be_v primary_o a_o extrinsic_a colour_n depend_v on_o the_o incidence_n of_o light_n and_o not_o fundamental_a alone_o wrought_v by_o the_o internal_a temperature_n of_o the_o mix_a body_n so_o that_o this_o objection_n do_v conclude_v nothing_o against_o our_o assertion_n mention_v intrinsic_a colour_n act_v from_o a_o compact_n mix_v body_n the_o reason_n why_o marble_n and_o alabaster_n be_v shine_v be_v because_o their_o body_n be_v consistent_a of_o a_o continuate_v substance_n to_o wit_n thick_a water_n intermediate_n colour_n be_v such_o as_o arise_v out_o of_o the_o descent_n of_o the_o element_n from_o their_o extreme_n to_o wit_n thus_o the_o less_o there_o be_v of_o fire_n the_o less_o it_o be_v intrinsical_o and_o fundamental_o white_a the_o less_o there_o be_v of_o earth_n the_o more_o a_o object_n diminish_v in_o blackness_n which_o degradation_n constitute_v the_o intermediate_v colour_n intermediate_n colour_n be_v almost_o infinite_a but_o enumerate_v they_o according_a to_o the_o above-stated_n condition_n of_o latitude_n of_o colour_n they_o be_v vulgar_o count_v ten_o in_o number_n 1._o yellowish_a subflavus_n 2._o yellow_n 3._o reddish_n subruber_n 4._o red._n 5._o greenish_a 6._o green_n 7._o bluish_a 8._o blue_n 9_o brownish_a 10._o brown_n red_a be_v a_o equal_a mixture_n of_o black_a and_o white_a and_o be_v the_o centre_n and_o middle_n of_o all_o colour_n be_v equal_o interjacent_a between_o the_o two_o extreme_n so_o that_o all_o colour_n be_v between_o red_a and_o white_a and_o between_o red_a and_o black_a as_o appear_v in_o the_o subnext_v scheme_n of_o colour_n before_o i_o proceed_v i_o will_v commend_v to_o you_o a_o very_a necessary_a distinction_n of_o intermediate_v colour_n which_o be_v either_o fundamental_a or_o extrinsic_a the_o fundamental_a intermediate_v colour_n be_v those_o that_o be_v constitute_v by_o the_o internal_o proportionated_a element_n in_o temperament_n and_o be_v compact_o permi_v the_o extrinsic_a colour_n be_v such_o as_o be_v as_o much_o imputable_a to_o the_o external_a incidence_n and_o ingredience_n of_o light_n this_o premit_v i_o say_v that_o a_o fundamental_a red_a do_v only_o consecute_v a_o body_n mix_v and_o temperate_v ad_fw-la pondus_fw-la which_o be_v alone_o in_o the_o chaos_n the_o noble_a of_o colour_n befit_v so_o noble_a a_o body_n of_o those_o red_a colour_n which_o we_o now_o have_v a_o sanguine_a come_v near_a to_o it_o because_o it_o proceed_v from_o the_o exact_a temperature_n ad_fw-la justitiam_fw-la which_o be_v near_a to_o that_o ad_fw-la pondus_fw-la the_o change_n from_o this_o towards_o the_o extreme_n as_o before_o constitute_v a_o different_a colour_n if_o to_o water_n its_o change_n be_v into_o a_o green_a as_o you_o may_v observe_v in_o the_o blood_n of_o hydropic_a body_n appear_v greenish_a if_o to_o air_n bluish_a as_o you_o see_v it_o do_v in_o the_o cloud_n which_o be_v change_v out_o of_o a_o red_a cloud_n be_v disperse_v into_o a_o great_a measure_n of_o air_n if_o to_o hearth_n brown_n if_o to_o fire_n yellow_a which_o be_v manifest_a in_o blood_n turn_v to_o a_o yellow_a if_o predominate_v by_o fire_n or_o choler_n to_o brown_a if_o predominate_v by_o melancholy_a or_o earth_n to_o blue_n if_o attenuate_v or_o incorporate_v with_o predominant_a air_n beside_o these_o there_o be_v many_o other_o which_o because_o approach_v to_o some_o one_o of_o the_o forementioned_a i_o shall_v not_o think_v material_a to_o relate_v but_o refer_v you_o to_o scaliger_n cccxxvth_o exerc._n where_o you_o have_v the_o name_n of_o most_o colour_n set_v down_o what_o splendour_n and_o the_o cause_n of_o it_o be_v you_o know_v already_o its_o opposite_a be_v a_o deadishness_n which_o as_o splendour_n be_v effect_v upon_o a_o smooth_a and_o continuate_v body_n so_o be_v this_o effect_v upon_o a_o rugged_a and_o contiguous_a body_n luminous_a and_o opake_v be_v also_o opposite_n the_o latter_a be_v distinguish_v from_o black_a in_o that_o this_o be_v take_v for_o a_o fundamental_a colour_n the_o other_o for_o a_o extrinsic_a privation_n of_o light_n viii_o reflection_n of_o light_n be_v the_o beat_n back_o or_o reaction_n of_o a_o splendid_a or_o thick_a body_n upon_o the_o obtended_a air_n which_o reflection_n obtend_v and_o stretch_v the_o air_n yet_o more_o than_o it_o be_v before_o make_v it_o apdear_v much_o light_a that_o it_o be_v make_v light_a be_v discern_v by_o the_o eye_n which_o be_v more_o forcible_o obtend_v by_o the_o reflect_a light_n which_o if_o it_o be_v much_o cause_v a_o dazzle_v in_o the_o eye_n and_o be_v nothing_o else_o but_o a_o over-retching_a of_o the_o optic_a air_n and_o membrane_n and_o sometime_o be_v so_o great_a that_o it_o press_v water_n out_o of_o the_o eye_n reflection_n be_v only_o upon_o continuous_a body_n as_o gold_n silver_n brass_n steel_n precious_a stone_n glass_n and_o water_n etc._n etc._n ix_o refraction_n of_o colour_n be_v a_o reflection_n seem_v to_o be_v break_v as_o when_o you_o put_v a_o stick_n into_o the_o water_n the_o colour_n of_o it_o seem_v to_o be_v break_v by_o a_o internal_a reflection_n its_o colour_n seem_v to_o be_v more_o augment_v in_o quantity_n and_o extent_n of_o part_n then_o real_o it_o be_v the_o manner_n of_o it_o be_v thus_o mark_v that_o a_o superficial_a reflection_n do_v not_o augment_v the_o extent_n of_o a_o colour_n which_o reflect_v the_o light_n for_o gold_n or_o crystal_n be_v not_o augment_v in_o extent_n of_o colour_n that_o be_v seem_v not_o big_a than_o real_o it_o be_v by_o reflect_a light_n superficial_o neither_o do_v they_o render_v a_o colour_n in_o the_o air_n big_a than_o it_o be_v 2._o a_o double_a reflection_n be_v the_o continuation_n of_o a_o reflection_n continuate_v for_o there_o be_v also_o a_o reflection_n of_o light_n within_o the_o very_a body_n of_o a_o object_n as_o you_o may_v see_v by_o a_o piece_n of_o money_n cast_v into_o the_o water_n or_o big_a sand_n lodge_v sometime_o within_o the_o centre_n of_o a_o diamond_n or_o crystal_n cause_v a_o reflection_n although_o remote_a from_o the_o surface_n wherefore_o a_o colour_n be_v not_o well_o describe_v by_o arist._n lib._n de_fw-fr sens._n &_o sensil_n to_o be_v the_o extremity_n of_o a_o terminate_v perspicuous_a body_n for_o i_o have_v tell_v you_o where_o and_o how_o it_o may_v be_v visible_a in_o the_o intrinsic_a body_n of_o a_o object_n notwithstanding_o this_o scaliger_n objection_n in_o exerc._n 325._o d._n 4._o against_o colour_n state_v to_o be_v the_o extremity_n of_o a_o object_n be_v invalid_a his_o objection_n be_v because_o a_o chestnut_n be_v colour_v in_o the_o middle_a as_o well_o as_o in_o its_o extremity_n ergo_fw-la say_v he_o colour_n be_v not_o the_o extremity_n but_o how_o do_v he_o know_v a_o chestnut_n to_o be_v colour_v in_o the_o middle_a questionless_a by_o see_v it_o cut_v through_o if_o so_o than_o that_o middle_n cut_v through_o be_v now_o come_v to_o be_v the_o extremity_n &_o so_o there_o
water_n upon_o the_o surface_n move_v but_o very_o slow_o towards_o the_o side_n near_o the_o hole_n because_o the_o water_n move_v so_o swift_o underneath_o do_v cause_n that_o atop_o to_o sink_v upon_o it_o which_o prevent_v its_o swift_a motion_n towards_o the_o side_n and_o that_o which_o cause_v the_o water_n underneath_o to_o spout_v so_o violent_o out_o of_o the_o hole_n be_v the_o weight_n of_o the_o water_n atop_o press_v violent_o and_o forcible_o downward_o this_o occasion_n i_o to_o call_v to_o memory_n that_o apposite_a phrase_n of_o the_o dutch_a seaman_n who_o instead_o of_o say_v the_o water_n ebb_v say_v haet_a water_n sack_v that_o be_v the_o water_n sink_v as_o if_o they_o will_v signify_v the_o water_n to_o move_v from_o underneath_o the_o ocean_n then_o original_o and_o primary_o move_v from_o underneath_o in_o a_o very_a swift_a current_n as_o the_o forementioned_a instance_n may_v easy_o confirm_v to_o we_o have_v not_o that_o extent_n to_o overrun_v there_o which_o we_o may_v conceive_v it_o will_v have_v atop_o but_o be_v above_o the_o half_n shorten_v in_o its_o periphery_n through_o its_o depth_n and_o consequent_o through_o the_o deep_a excavation_n or_o extenuation_n of_o the_o earth_n wherefore_o observe_v 1._o that_o the_o ocean_n underneath_o do_v well_o absolve_v so_o many_o degree_n as_o we_o have_v write_v down_o before_o but_o then_o they_o be_v much_o abbreviate_v and_o lessen_v in_o comparison_n to_o those_o degree_n whereby_o the_o superficial_a circumference_n of_o the_o water_n be_v measure_v 2._o i_o say_v that_o the_o ocean_n absolve_v the_o foresay_a course_n of_o 348_o in_o 12_o equal_a hour_n only_o in_o its_o low_a part_n but_o as_o touch_v its_o superficial_a one_o it_o be_v certain_a they_o be_v slow_a absolve_v the_o same_o compass_n in_o no_o short_a time_n than_o six_o month_n which_o may_v be_v name_v a_o marinal_n year_n this_o slow_a progress_n be_v evidence_v to_o we_o by_o the_o slow_a drift_n of_o a_o piece_n of_o wood_n float_v in_o the_o ocean_n 3._o although_o the_o superficial_a part_n of_o the_o ocean_n do_v not_o slow_a with_o so_o rapid_a a_o course_n yet_o it_o hinder_v not_o but_o that_o they_o may_v tumefie_v as_o they_o do_v throughout_o their_o whole_a circuit_n about_o the_o earth_n in_o the_o space_n of_o 12_o hour_n 4._o since_o it_o must_v necessary_o follow_v that_o where_o the_o water_n tumefi_v in_o one_o place_n it_o must_v sink_v in_o another_o therefore_o the_o water_n tumefy_v once_o every_o 12_o hour_n in_o the_o east_n 6_o hour_n long_o in_o which_o space_n it_o arrive_v to_o its_o height_n it_o must_v sink_v as_o much_o in_o the_o west_n because_o that_o moisture_n which_o cause_v the_o intumescence_n in_o the_o east_n do_v slow_a underneath_o from_o the_o west_n by_o the_o same_o rule_n the_o eastern_a ocean_n must_v also_o sink_v 6_o hour_n in_o every_o 12_o for_o to_o cause_n a_o tumefaction_n in_o the_o west_n whence_o it_o be_v that_o every_o 6_o hour_n we_o perceive_v a_o change_n of_o the_o tide_n in_o the_o ocean_n 5._o we_o be_v not_o to_o persuade_v ourselves_o that_o the_o eastern_a flood_n be_v occasion_v by_o water_n return_v from_o the_o west_n and_o the_o western_a flood_n through_o the_o reflux_n of_o the_o same_o water_n from_o the_o east_n because_o the_o ocean_n do_v continual_o pass_v from_o east_n to_o west_n by_o way_n of_o the_o south_n not_o return_v the_o same_o way_n through_o the_o south_n from_o west_n to_o east_n as_o appear_v by_o the_o quick_a voyage_n of_o those_o who_o set_v sail_n with_o a_o good_a wind_n and_o weather_n from_o spain_n towards_o the_o west-indies_n do_v usual_o make_v land_n in_o three_o or_o four_o week_n whereas_o return_v from_o thence_o can_v scarce_o recover_v spain_n although_o have_v the_o wind_n very_o favourable_a in_o less_o than_o three_o or_o four_o month_n likewise_o a_o voyage_n from_o moabar_n in_o the_o indies_n to_o madagascar_n otherwise_o call_v st._n laurence_n island_n may_v be_v accomplish_v in_o 20_o day_n but_o from_o madagascar_n to_o moabar_n scarce_o in_o less_o time_n although_o with_o a_o very_a prosperous_a wind_n then_o three_o month_n in_o the_o same_o manner_n one_o may_v much_o soon_o make_v a_o voyage_n from_o this_o island_n to_o spain_n lie_v hence_o more_o eastward_a than_o from_o spain_n back_o again_o hither_o or_o in_o sail_v from_o alicant_n a_o city_n of_o spain_n situate_v upon_o the_o mediterranean_a coast_n towards_o palestina_n they_o usual_o make_v less_o speed_n than_o in_o return_v all_o which_o be_v undoubted_a mark_n of_o the_o perennal_a course_n of_o the_o ocean_n from_o east_n to_o west_n wherefore_o philosopher_n have_v be_v mislead_v in_o impose_v the_o name_n of_o fluxus_fw-la and_o refluxus_fw-la upon_o the_o course_n of_o the_o ocean_n as_o if_o return_v the_o same_o way_n it_o go_v i_o have_v take_v notice_n that_o as_o the_o dutch_a use_v a_o fit_a word_n for_o to_o denote_v the_o ebb_n so_o the_o french_a have_v impose_v another_o no_o less_o elegant_a upon_o the_o flood_n viz._n la_fw-fr montè_fw-fr de_fw-fr la_fw-fr marè_v or_o the_o rise_n of_o the_o sea_n exact_o square_n with_o our_o forego_n discourse_n thus_o when_o it_o be_v flood_n they_o usual_o say_v lamarè_v il_fw-fr monte_fw-fr that_o be_v the_o sea_n rise_v the_o latinist_n call_v it_o aestus_fw-la maris_fw-la or_o heat_n of_o the_o sea_n because_o when_o the_o sea_n begin_v to_o be_v fill_v with_o hot_a exhalation_n it_o be_v wont_a to_o be_v hot_a through_o which_o it_o swell_v like_o hot_a blood_n flush_a into_o our_o face_n and_o glow_a cause_v a_o puff_a up_o and_o a_o rise_a whence_o it_o be_v impel_v to_o flow_v some_o part_n of_o it_o one_o way_n and_o another_o another_o way_n which_o cause_v the_o flood_n observe_v through_o the_o rise_n of_o the_o water_n upon_o the_o shore_n these_o exhalation_n be_v dissipate_v the_o sea_n beginning_n to_o cool_v withdraw_v itself_o again_o into_o its_o former_a compass_n and_o leave_v the_o shore_n put_v they_o in_o mind_n of_o the_o ebb._n but_o this_o dictate_v be_v prove_v to_o be_v absurd_a do_v just_o advise_v we_o to_o reject_v the_o forementioned_a name_n 6._o we_o need_v not_o to_o doubt_v be_v full_o inform_v of_o this_o doctrine_n but_o that_o every_o flood_n bring_v in_o new_a water_n that_o of_o the_o last_o ebb_n flow_v forward_o with_o the_o course_n of_o the_o sea_n towards_o the_o accomplishment_n of_o its_o annual_a period_n 7._o let_v none_o be_v offend_v at_o we_o for_o grant_v a_o internal_a cause_n of_o the_o sea_n motion_n against_o scalig._n exer._n 52._o assert_v the_o sea_n to_o be_v a_o animal_n in_o case_n it_o shall_v be_v move_v from_o a_o internal_a cause_n be_v this_o a_o paradox_n we_o must_v then_o believe_v that_o the_o air_n fire_n heaven_n and_o star_n be_v animal_n they_o all_o move_a through_o a_o intrinsic_a principle_n iv._o my_o method_n do_v now_o lead_v i_o to_o demonstrate_v the_o several_a phoenomena_n of_o the_o ocean_n by_o their_o proper_a cause_n 1._o the_o ocean_n flow_v from_o east_n to_o west_n can_v be_v think_v to_o be_v the_o sole_a cause_n of_o the_o diurnal_a intumescence_n and_o detumescence_n of_o the_o sea_n since_o it_o may_v be_v suppose_v to_o slow_v equal_o over_o a_o equal_a ground_n wherefore_o a_o second_o cause_n must_v concur_v to_o wit_n a_o unequal_a ground_n or_o a_o unequal_a grove_n through_o which_o it_o pass_v the_o water_n be_v through_o the_o second_o division_n of_o the_o creation_n separate_v from_o the_o earth_n which_o then_o lie_v in_o a_o equal_a round_a figure_n under_o the_o water_n these_o consequent_o equal_o cover_v it_o in_o the_o same_o figure_n be_v afterward_o through_o the_o three_o division_n collect_v into_o one_o place_n where_o they_o must_v have_v press_v their_o great_a weighty_a body_n into_o two_o great_a universal_a grove_n grove_n whereupon_o the_o earth_n must_v necessary_o be_v press_v up_o into_o two_o great_a universal_a eminence_n which_o be_v divide_v from_o one_o another_o through_o the_o say_a water_n and_o consequent_o constitute_v two_o great_a island_n viz._n of_o the_o new_a world_n or_o america_n and_o the_o old_a world_n or_o asia_n africa_n and_o europa_n the_o sea_n after_o this_o work_n through_o its_o great_a weight_n deep_o and_o deep_o into_o the_o earth_n must_v necessary_o thereby_o have_v form_v many_o other_o deep_a and_o great_a cavity_n within_o the_o sald_a universal_a grove_n the_o earth_n through_o who_o recess_n or_o give_v way_n the_o say_v other_o cavity_n be_v impress_v must_v needs_o have_v be_v compress_v to_o some_o other_o part_n not_o towards_o the_o centre_n because_o the_o earth_n be_v so_o very_o dense_o beset_v there_o that_o it_o be_v impossible_a it_o shall_v give_v way_n ergo_fw-la towards_o the_o surface_n where_o it_o be_v
frequent_o happen_v near_o to_o the_o moon_n quarter_n who_o middle_a be_v mark_v by_o the_o moon_n full_a and_o new_a aspect_n be_v when_o it_o flow_v with_o the_o great_a force_n cause_v the_o high_a high_a water_n and_o the_o low_a low_a water_n and_o tend_v towards_o its_o end_n when_o it_o remit_v from_o its_o height_n and_o intend_v in_o lowness_n this_o augmentation_n and_o diminution_n may_v be_v resemble_v to_o the_o fermentation_n of_o wine_n or_o beer_n swell_v gradual_o until_o its_o height_n and_o thence_o decrease_v again_o touch_v the_o beginning_n and_o end_v of_o the_o sea_n single_v diurnal_a circuit_n if_o we_o consider_v it_o simpliciter_fw-la it_o have_v none_o because_o it_o be_v ever_o in_o motion_n as_o never_o be_v ease_v by_o a_o total_a rest_n but_o if_o agree_v to_o state_n the_o beginning_n where_o the_o ocean_n be_v slow_a in_o its_o course_n and_o thence_o tend_v to_o a_o swift_a motion_n than_o the_o proposition_n be_v resolveable_a and_o according_a to_o this_o supposition_n the_o beginning_n and_o end_v must_v be_v movable_a differ_v every_o single_a course_n near_o 11_o degree_n this_o by_o the_o way_n return_v to_o explain_v the_o cause_n of_o the_o gradual_a augmentation_n of_o water_n and_o intention_n of_o force_n i_o be_o to_o remember_v you_o of_o the_o great_a proportion_n of_o the_o ocean_n peregrin_n element_n consist_v of_o most_o earth_n than_o air_n and_o last_o fire_n of_o who_o close_a coherence_n with_o the_o water_n their_o saltness_n be_v a_o undoubted_a argument_n these_o salin_a particle_n violent_o detain_v the_o water_n from_o recover_v the_o centre_n must_v necessary_o add_v force_n to_o the_o gravity_n of_o the_o water_n and_o consequent_o in_o intend_v their_o force_n they_o must_v also_o augment_v they_o in_o quantity_n because_o the_o more_o force_v the_o water_n use_v the_o more_o in_o quantity_n they_o bear_v along_o with_o they_o the_o detention_n of_o the_o say_a salin_n particle_n be_v at_o their_o beginning_n of_o no_o great_a strength_n or_o in_o no_o great_a quantity_n do_v therefore_o cause_v no_o great_a intention_n of_o the_o ocean_n force_n but_o every_o single_a period_n pierce_v gradual_o by_o rarefaction_n upon_o the_o water_n must_v necessary_o also_o augment_v their_o tumefaction_n gradual_o high_a and_o high_o every_o day_n until_o at_o last_o be_v arrive_v to_o their_o height_n of_o penetration_n which_o ordinary_o happen_v in_o 15_o circuit_n the_o ocean_n be_v likewise_o elevate_v unto_o its_o height_n some_o of_o these_o salin_a particle_n be_v penetrate_v through_o the_o body_n of_o the_o water_n be_v gradual_o depress_v to_o the_o ground_n through_o their_o own_o disposition_n and_o the_o weight_n of_o the_o ocean_n other_o be_v attrit_v and_o confuse_a through_o their_o passive_a motion_n against_o the_o water_n and_o the_o decess_n of_o their_o heavy_a particle_n do_v more_o and_o more_o gradual_o desist_v from_o their_o violent_a detention_n every_o circuit_n return_v to_o the_o bottom_n and_o so_o the_o ocean_n do_v also_o gradual_o every_o day_n incline_v near_o and_o near_o to_o its_o natural_a force_n and_o detumescence_n of_o its_o water_n until_o it_o be_v return_v to_o its_o own_o proper_a course_n at_o which_o season_n its_o force_n and_o intumescence_n be_v equal_o at_o their_o low_a during_o this_o space_n those_o subside_v particle_n begin_v again_o to_o be_v expanded_a rarefy_a and_o attenuate_v because_o of_o the_o grind_n of_o the_o water_n against_o they_o and_o through_o the_o expansion_n of_o the_o aerial_a and_o igneous_a part_n adunit_v to_o they_o do_v bear_v up_o again_o the_o other_o elevate_v atop_o beginning_n to_o concentrate_v through_o the_o conquiescence_n of_o the_o sea_n be_v ready_a to_o be_v compress_v downward_o both_o which_o gradual_o strive_v a_o reciprocal_a meeting_n do_v in_o the_o forego_n manner_n gradual_o reunite_v the_o force_n and_o augmentation_n of_o the_o water_n v._o here_o we_o can_v but_o admit_v the_o sun_n intense_a hear_v every_o day_n beat_v down_o the_o torrid_a zone_n to_o be_v a_o great_a instrumental_a and_o adjuvant_fw-la cause_n to_o the_o stir_v of_o the_o aforesaid_a salin_n particle_n but_o this_o continue_n in_o one_o measure_n equality_n and_o station_n in_o respect_n to_o the_o torrid_a zone_n all_o the_o year_n long_o can_v in_o any_o wise_a be_v think_v the_o principal_a cause_n of_o a_o motion_n vary_v twice_o every_o day_n likewise_o the_o moon_n be_v beset_v with_o a_o great_a quantity_n of_o dampish_a and_o heavy_a particle_n do_v every_o day_n spread_v down_o some_o of_o those_o particle_n whereby_o the_o ocean_n be_v also_o gradual_o fill_v more_o &_o more_o every_o day_n and_o like_o as_o these_o say_a particle_n be_v most_o apt_a to_o rain_v down_o the_o near_a the_o moon_n do_v appropinquate_a to_o the_o ecliptic_a because_o the_o air_n enjoy_v a_o great_a subtlety_n there_o from_o the_o rarefaction_n of_o the_o sun_n hence_o it_o be_v that_o the_o moon_n free_v herself_o most_o of_o these_o heavy_a concomitant_n near_o her_o conjunction_n and_o at_o her_o apposition_n so_o they_o be_v most_o apt_a to_o ascend_v the_o further_a the_o moon_n be_v decline_v from_o the_o ecliptic_a as_o happen_v in_o her_o quarter_n when_o for_o that_o reason_n the_o water_n be_v also_o at_o their_o low_a that_o these_o two_o light_n be_v accidental_a cause_n of_o the_o intention_n of_o the_o ocean_n force_n and_o daily_a augmentation_n of_o its_o water_n be_v plain_a enough_o and_o their_o mutual_a concurrence_n to_o the_o effect_n of_o the_o same_o effect_n we_o have_v confirm_v beyond_o all_o doubt_n whereby_o the_o absurdity_n of_o the_o moon_n compression_n propose_v by_o des-cartes_n and_o so_o disagree_v with_o his_o own_o position_n of_o the_o nature_n of_o the_o air_n be_v likewise_o set_v before_o you_o the_o moon_n near_o her_o conjunction_n make_v very_o high_a water_n because_o converse_v with_o the_o hot_a ray_n of_o the_o sun_n send_v down_o a_o great_a number_n of_o the_o foresay_a body_n and_o not_o because_o she_o be_v impregnate_v with_o the_o light_n of_o the_o sun_n whereby_o she_o shall_v be_v grow_v more_o potent_a to_o excite_v vapour_n and_o exhalation_n this_o be_v ridiculous_a for_o we_o find_v other_o body_n to_o be_v swell_v near_o that_o time_n not_o only_o through_o exhalation_n raise_v out_o of_o themselves_o but_o particular_o through_o particle_n demit_v by_o the_o conveyance_n of_o the_o air_n into_o their_o pore_n the_o like_a happen_v although_o in_o a_o weak_a manner_n when_o the_o moon_n be_v in_o her_o full_a aspect_n because_o of_o her_o near_a approximation_n to_o the_o ecliptic_a but_o much_o more_o in_o a_o lunar_a eclipse_n because_o she_o be_v then_o find_v direct_o in_o the_o ecliptic_a and_o most_o of_o all_o yea_o twice_o high_o than_o ordinary_a at_o the_o full_a moon_n of_o march_n and_o september_n because_o the_o sun_n be_v then_o in_o the_o aequinoxial_n and_o most_o direct_o over_o the_o torrid_a zone_n under_o which_o the_o great_a body_n of_o the_o ocean_n float_v and_o the_o moon_n in_o the_o same_o way_n near_o the_o ecliptic_a must_v needs_o joint_o cause_v a_o vast_a decidence_n of_o the_o forename_a body_n intend_v and_o augment_v the_o water_n or_o to_o declare_v the_o matter_n plain_o to_o you_o the_o continuation_n of_o the_o sea_n motion_n forward_o be_v not_o only_o depend_v upon_o the_o pulsion_n of_o succeed_a part_n bend_v by_o refraction_n natural_o forward_o but_o also_o by_o a_o kind_n of_o attraction_n or_o suction_n of_o precede_a part_n thus_o suppose_v the_o earth_n to_o be_v excavate_v into_o certain_a great_a cavity_n like_v to_o great_a pipe_n whereof_o of_o those_o that_o be_v form_v from_o the_o east_n towards_o the_o west_n by_o the_o south_n the_o furthermost_a be_v always_o deep_o and_o long_o than_o those_o which_o be_v near_a to_o the_o east_n likewise_o conceive_v such_o cavity_n frame_v in_o the_o same_o proportion_n to_o one_o another_o from_o west_n back_o again_o to_o the_o east_n by_o the_o north_n now_o i_o say_v that_o the_o deep_a and_o furthermost_a cavity_n must_v always_o attract_v the_o water_n out_o of_o the_o shallow_a and_o lesser_a in_o the_o same_o manner_n as_o the_o long_a pipe_n of_o a_o sucker_n a_o siphon_n as_o some_o do_v call_v it_o must_v attract_v all_o the_o moisture_n of_o the_o short_a because_o the_o part_n of_o water_n be_v continuous_a and_o consequent_o cleave_v to_o one_o another_o the_o lesser_a part_n must_v follow_v and_o yield_v to_o the_o great_a the_o which_o through_o its_o crastitude_v being_n press_v forward_o must_v also_o draw_v the_o lesser_a part_n after_o since_o then_o the_o water_n be_v no_o soon_o arrive_v into_o one_o cavity_n but_o be_v thence_o draw_v into_o another_o hence_o it_o be_v that_o this_o tumefaction_n of_o water_n be_v not_o sensible_a to_o we_o in_o the_o ocean_n
cause_n of_o the_o multitude_n of_o hill_n in_o some_o country_n and_o scarcity_n in_o other_o 8._o how_o it_o be_v possible_a for_o the_o sea_n to_o penetrate_v into_o the_o bowel_n of_o the_o earth_n i._o the_o opinion_n of_o fountain_n scatter_v out_o of_o the_o earth_n and_o supply_v by_o water_n rain_v down_o and_o collect_v within_o cavern_n of_o the_o earth_n as_o it_o have_v vulgar_o take_v place_n among_o many_o so_o it_o be_v very_o suspicious_a experience_n tell_v we_o that_o many_o perennal_a fountain_n spring_v forth_o out_o of_o sandy_a and_o every_o where_o about_o dry_a mountain_n whereunto_o notwithstanding_o but_o little_a be_v contribute_v by_o the_o moisture_n of_o the_o heaven_n since_o the_o rain_n fall_v but_o seldom_o as_o in_o egypt_n and_o other_o place_n and_o the_o sun_n be_v very_o hot_a the_o country_n very_o dry_a insomuch_o that_o do_v the_o rain_n fall_v in_o twice_o that_o quantity_n it_o will_v scarce_o be_v sufficient_a to_o irrigate_n the_o soil_n much_o less_o of_o supply_v moisture_n for_o fountain_n 2._o many_o fountain_n draw_v their_o water_n very_o deep_a near_o a_o hundred_o foot_n yea_o two_o or_o three_o hundred_o deep_a out_o of_o the_o earth_n whereas_o rain_n seldom_o penetrate_v deep_a into_o the_o earth_n than_o ten_o or_o eleven_o foot_n 3._o some_o fountain_n break_v forth_o out_o of_o rocky_a mountain_n which_o be_v uncapable_a of_o imbibe_v rain_n ergo_fw-la their_o rice_n and_o continuation_n be_v not_o from_o rain_n ii_o the_o opinion_n of_o aristotle_n be_v much_o more_o absurd_a assert_v subterraneous_a air_n convert_v into_o water_n to_o be_v the_o cause_n of_o spring_n since_o we_o have_v former_o make_v it_o appear_v that_o the_o conversion_n of_o air_n into_o water_n be_v impossible_a or_o be_v it_o not_o it_o will_v seem_v very_o irrational_a to_o suppose_v the_o earth_n to_o be_v so_o hollow_a as_o to_o be_v capable_a of_o contain_v such_o a_o infinite_a quantity_n of_o air_n as_o to_o continuate_a the_o course_n of_o a_o fountain_n because_o a_o great_a quantity_n of_o air_n condense_v as_o they_o call_v it_o will_v produce_v but_o little_o more_o than_o a_o drop_n etc._n iii_o 1._o in_o brief_a fountain_n owe_v their_o beginning_n and_o continuation_n to_o great_a quantity_n of_o water_n collect_v within_o great_a cavern_n of_o the_o earth_n this_o the_o digger_n of_o mine_n confirm_v to_o we_o who_o sometime_o through_o dig_v too_o deep_o meet_v with_o great_a and_o sudden_a bursting_n out_o of_o water_n which_o oft_o do_v prove_v perennal_a such_o mischance_n have_v happen_v not_o once_o in_o the_o coal-pit_n near_o newcastle_n to_o the_o drown_n of_o many_o a_o man_n moreover_o there_o be_v no_o great_a hill_n but_o which_o rest_n upon_o great_a gulf_n of_o water_n underneath_o they_o insomuch_o that_o a_o hill_n be_v nothing_o else_o but_o the_o raise_n of_o the_o earth_n through_o a_o great_a gulf_n of_o water_n lodging_n underneath_o it_o hence_o it_o be_v that_o hill_n be_v general_o the_o storehouse_n of_o river_n and_o their_o side_n or_o top_n their_o spring_n how_o many_o sloud_n of_o water_n be_v there_o discover_v to_o break_v out_o of_o the_o side_n of_o several_a great_a hill_n in_o kent_n surrey_z and_o innumerous_a other_o place_n of_o the_o world_n whence_o shall_v those_o pregnant_a pewter_n mine_n in_o cornwall_n or_o lead_v mine_n in_o derbishire_n and_o all_o other_o mine_n in_o the_o world_n be_v supply_v with_o a_o sufficient_a quantity_n of_o water_n for_o their_o matter_n be_v it_o not_o that_o the_o hill_n afford_v it_o out_o of_o their_o cavern_n whereout_o shall_v all_o those_o vast_a stony_a and_o rocky_a mountain_n of_o the_o universe_n consist_v but_o out_o of_o water_n derive_v from_o the_o earth_n bowel_n whence_o shall_v those_o great_a perennal_a river_n that_o spout_v forth_o from_o under_o the_o alps_n and_o peruvian_n mountain_n take_v their_o rice_n but_o from_o those_o gulf_n of_o water_n whereby_o they_o be_v raise_v to_o that_o height_n whence_o shall_v all_o the_o water_n of_o those_o great_a lake_n upon_o hill_n arrive_v as_o that_o between_o the_o middle_n of_o the_o three_o top_n of_o the_o hill_n taihu_n in_o china_n who_o depth_n be_v yet_o never_o fathom_v and_o that_o upon_o the_o mount_n jenkin_n near_o the_o city_n so_o be_v of_o no_o less_o depth_n and_o near_o a_o quarter_n of_o a_o mile_n in_o compass_n likewise_o that_o of_o tieuchi_n near_o mien_n that_o deep_a lake_n upon_o the_o mount_n tienlu_n call_v the_o lake_n of_o the_o drake_n because_o it_o be_v so_o horrible_a through_o its_o depth_n and_o commotion_n that_o if_o any_o shall_v cast_v a_o stone_n into_o it_o it_o will_v render_v a_o great_a noise_n like_o unto_o a_o thunder_n beside_o many_o other_o in_o europe_n as_o those_o in_o ireland_n etc._n etc._n in_o fine_a do_v not_o all_o the_o great_a river_n of_o the_o world_n viz._n ganges_n nilus_n senaga_n nuba_n tana_n nieper_n morava_n garumna_n thames_n etc._n etc._n yea_o and_o all_o other_o spout_v out_o of_o hill_n or_o be_v they_o not_o derive_v from_o lake_n lake_n usual_o be_v environ_v by_o a_o plain_a because_o those_o water_n which_o shall_v thrust_v up_o hill_n about_o they_o be_v collect_v in_o a_o open_a cavern_n notwithstanding_o be_v the_o same_o water_n of_o lake_n through_o the_o ait_n pressure_n force_v underneath_o into_o the_o earth_n where_o at_o some_o distance_n they_o do_v cast_v up_o hill_n for_o to_o disburden_v the_o earth_n whereat_o they_o spout_v out_o river_n for_o a_o lake_n be_v uncapable_a of_o itself_o to_o spout_v out_o a_o river_n because_o be_v situate_v low_a want_n force_v to_o spout_v it_o out_o from_o it_o whereas_o water_n that_o be_v protrude_v and_o continual_o impact_v and_o crush_v very_o thick_a or_o close_o into_o cavern_n of_o hill_n do_v by_o a_o renitency_n press_v against_o the_o earth_n above_o and_o below_o and_o swallow_v up_o the_o air_n contain_v within_o the_o say_a cavern_n into_o their_o substance_n and_o the_o earth_n do_v reciprocal_o press_v against_o they_o but_o the_o air_n be_v thin_a smooth_a and_o glib_a be_v at_o last_o violent_o protrude_v by_o both_o their_o gravity_n which_o erupt_a with_o a_o great_a force_n and_o discontinuation_n of_o the_o earth_n do_v make_v way_n upward_o for_o the_o water_n to_o be_v press_v out_o the_o easy_a by_o the_o earth_n with_o such_o a_o force_n as_o may_v square_v to_o the_o protrude_a of_o a_o long_a river_n wherefore_o it_o be_v necessary_a that_o river_n shall_v derive_v either_o immediate_o or_o mediate_o from_o hill_n thus_o immediate_o the_o rhein_n spring_v forth_o out_o of_o the_o mount_n adula_n aliás_fw-la vogel_n the_o danow_n out_o of_o a_o mount_n within_o the_o black_a wood_n some_o 6_o league_n off_o from_o tubingen_n the_o necker_n out_o of_o another_o near_o the_o same_o town_n the_o garona_n out_o of_o one_o of_o the_o perinean_a mountain_n the_o jaxartes_n out_o of_o the_o sogdian_a mountain_n as_o ptolemy_n name_v they_o the_o dnieper_n out_o of_o some_o mountain_n near_o dnieperco_n the_o river_n of_o jordan_n out_o of_o two_o issue_n of_o the_o mount_n lebanon_n viz._n jor_a and_o dan_n both_o which_o meeting_n communicate_v in_o one_o name_n of_o jordan_n the_o river_n euphrates_n out_o of_o the_o mount_n stand_v in_o the_o midst_n of_o the_o garden_n of_o eden_n the_o boetis_fw-la in_o spain_n out_o of_o the_o mount_n orespeda_n near_o castao_n the_o anien_n out_o of_o the_o mountain_n among_o the_o trebani_fw-la the_o zepusium_fw-la out_o of_o some_o mountain_n in_o poland_n and_o so_o a_o million_o of_o other_o mediate_o the_o river_n of_o nile_n descend_v out_o of_o some_o hill_n that_o draw_v their_o water_n out_o of_o the_o lake_n zembre_n the_o river_n niger_n sally_n vigorous_o out_o of_o some_o hill_n near_o the_o lake_n borno_n who_o cavern_n be_v fill_v the_o length_n of_o threescore_o league_n under_o ground_n by_o stream_n flow_v out_o of_o a_o lake_n between_o guidan_n and_o vangue_n the_o river_n nuba_n out_o of_o mountain_n derive_v their_o water_n from_o the_o lake_n nuba_n and_o in_o like_a manner_n many_o other_o touch_v narrow_a short_a river_n that_o flow_v from_o their_o head_n downward_o to_o a_o low_a place_n they_o may_v draw_v their_o rice_n immediate_o from_o a_o lake_n because_o they_o need_v not_o that_o vigour_n of_o impulse_n iv._o holland_n and_o zealand_n although_o very_o rich_a in_o water_n yet_o be_v pooâ—_n in_o mountain_n because_o their_o ground_n be_v so_o much_o through_o soak_v and_o mash_v with_o water_n that_o be_v change_v into_o a_o mud_n it_o will_v soon_o break_v into_o crumb_n than_o be_v raise_v up_o into_o hill_n wherefore_o the_o name_n of_o holland_n be_v very_o apt_o impose_v upon_o that_o country_n since_o that_o underneath_o it_o be_v hollow_a fill_v up_o only_o with_o water_n the_o
from_o the_o chaos_n how_o it_o be_v free_v from_o the_o oppression_n of_o the_o weighty_a element_n i_o former_o declare_v the_o remainder_n be_v to_o treat_v brief_o of_o its_o commerce_n with_o the_o neighbour_a element_n viz._n with_o earth_n water_n and_o fire_n daily_o observation_n make_v appear_v to_o we_o that_o a_o cavity_n be_v no_o soon_o ready_a to_o open_v within_o the_o earth_n or_o water_n but_o the_o air_n be_v as_o ready_a to_o strive_v to_o enter_v not_o only_o for_o to_o fill_v up_o that_o vacuity_n but_o out_o of_o a_o eagerness_n strife_n and_o necessity_n for_o to_o gain_v a_o centre_n for_o its_o whole_a body_n for_o how_o can_v any_o body_n enjoy_v rest_n without_o be_v sustain_v by_o a_o foundation_n that_o which_o be_v alone_o apt_a for_o such_o a_o work_n be_v the_o centre_n which_o be_v a_o basis_n upon_o which_o all_o its_o part_n do_v rest_n i_o prove_v it_o the_o part_n of_o a_o body_n be_v meet_v about_o the_o centre_n can_v use_v any_o force_n or_o violence_n against_o one_o another_o because_o they_o be_v of_o one_o nature_n and_o therefore_o agree_v in_o the_o same_o effect_n which_o be_v of_o rest_v about_o a_o centre_n hence_o it_o be_v that_o the_o air_n beside_o its_o own_o interest_n be_v straighten_v atop_o through_o the_o fire_n inclination_n also_o for_o to_o recover_v its_o centre_n do_v so_o much_o infest_v pierce_v attenuate_v and_o divide_v all_o body_n that_o lie_v in_o the_o way_n to_o its_o centre_n and_o that_o so_o vast_a a_o proportion_n of_o air_n be_v enter_v into_o the_o body_n of_o water_n as_o from_o a_o solidity_n to_o reduce_v it_o to_o a_o perfect_a fluor_fw-la and_o although_o the_o body_n of_o air_n as_o i_o have_v state_v before_o be_v of_o that_o softness_n yet_o through_o succession_n of_o its_o part_n and_o want_n of_o vacuity_n whereinto_o to_o convey_v itself_o it_o can_v yield_v to_o any_o compression_n into_o itself_o but_o be_v successive_o back_v by_o its_o own_o part_n and_o those_o of_o fire_n be_v capable_a of_o work_v the_o same_o effect_n which_o the_o hard_a body_n can_v but_o now_o suppose_v the_o air_n to_o have_v accomplish_v its_o aim_n let_v we_o inquire_v what_o motion_n it_o will_v then_o exercise_v certain_o of_o itself_o no_o other_o but_o it_o be_v continuous_a lightness_n whereby_o it_o will_v maintain_v its_o part_n diffuse_v from_o its_o own_o centre_n into_o the_o great_a tenuity_n imaginable_a likewise_o the_o other_o element_n will_v exercise_v no_o other_o action_n but_o the_o maintenance_n of_o their_o body_n in_o the_o great_a density_n crassitude_n or_o rarity_n and_o that_o through_o the_o use_n of_o their_o formal_a contiguous_a weight_n continuous_a weight_n &_o contiguous_a levity_n and_o as_o the_o earth_n through_o her_o concentration_n will_v not_o leave_v the_o circumference_n although_o tend_v hence_o thither_o so_o neither_o will_v the_o light_a element_n desert_n their_o centre_n although_o move_v thence_o hither_o wherefore_o let_v i_o advertise_v you_o in_o time_n not_o to_o mistake_v my_o former_a definition_n of_o levity_n or_o gravity_n imply_v the_o former_a to_o move_v from_o its_o centre_n to_o the_o circumference_n that_o to_o move_v here_o from_o the_o centre_n be_v not_o to_o leave_v it_o but_o to_o move_v thence_o as_o from_o a_o basis_n but_o now_o the_o air_n be_v dispossess_v of_o its_o genuine_a centre_n be_v force_v to_o make_v use_n of_o a_o violent_a centre_n situate_v about_o the_o extreme_a part_n of_o the_o earth_n and_o water_n and_o thence_o its_o part_n do_v take_v their_o original_n to_o the_o circumference_n not_o leave_v their_o force_n in_o the_o mean_a while_n of_o press_v violent_o downward_o here_o may_v be_v inquire_v why_o the_o air_n seem_v so_o far_o powerful_a above_o the_o earth_n and_o water_n both_o in_o extent_n of_o compass_n and_o energy_n or_o activity_n of_o part_n that_o its_o extreme_a subtlety_n shall_v seem_v more_o than_o potent_a enough_o to_o pervade_v &_o dispossess_v that_o small_a clot_n of_o water_n and_o earth_n do_v not_o become_v victorious_a i_o resolve_v you_o the_o energy_n of_o the_o air_n be_v much_o refract_v through_o have_v its_o centre_n upon_o which_o all_o its_o strength_n do_v consist_v divide_v into_o that_o dimension_n which_o the_o circumference_n of_o earth_n and_o water_n do_v make_v or_o otherwise_o it_o will_v soon_o toss_v that_o small_a football_n out_o of_o its_o place_n and_o make_v no_o more_o of_o it_o than_o the_o heaven_n may_v seem_v to_o do_v of_o the_o moon_n so_o fire_n although_o a_o great_a part_n be_v flame_a and_o burn_v have_v not_o the_o power_n of_o invade_v the_o earth_n as_o many_o do_v imagine_v it_o will_v do_v be_v the_o heaven_n all_o a_o burn_a fire_n because_o it_o be_v much_o more_o refract_v in_o its_o centre_n through_o the_o surface_n of_o the_o air_n do_v we_o not_o see_v that_o a_o durgain_n be_v able_a to_o wrestle_v with_o a_o great_a giant_n because_o his_o low_a stature_n do_v put_v he_o in_o a_o capacity_n of_o take_v the_o other_o about_o the_o middle_n where_o he_o easy_o lift_v he_o from_o his_o basis_n or_o centre_n but_o possible_o it_o may_v seem_v strange_a to_o you_o that_o the_o air_n shall_v exercise_v two_o contrary_a motion_n one_o upward_o and_o another_o downward_o 2._o you_o may_v likewise_o demand_v how_o fire_n can_v apply_v any_o force_n to_o earth_n or_o water_n since_o it_o be_v extend_v into_o its_o great_a rarity_n and_o possess_v a_o place_n full_a large_a enough_o to_o contain_v its_o body_n and_o consequent_o be_v not_o violent_o detain_v to_o the_o first_o i_o answer_v that_o natural_o a_o thing_n can_v obtain_v two_o contrary_a motion_n but_o violent_o it_o may_v as_o to_o the_o second_o this_o violence_n be_v cause_v here_o below_o 1._o through_o the_o incrassation_n of_o the_o air_n that_o be_v water_n ascend_v and_o mingle_v with_o the_o body_n of_o air_n do_v force_n so_o much_o of_o it_o to_o strive_v for_o another_o place_n as_o it_o have_v take_v up_o of_o the_o air_n which_o since_o it_o can_v procure_v upward_o be_v force_v to_o effect_v downward_o upon_o the_o earth_n and_o water_n and_o make_v a_o violent_a irruption_n upon_o they_o 2._o the_o air_n be_v essential_o thin_a in_o the_o second_o region_n as_o well_o as_o it_o be_v above_o must_v of_o necessity_n press_v down_o upon_o the_o incrassated_a air_n because_o all_o its_o part_n be_v to_o take_v their_o suffulsion_n and_o basis_n from_o somewhere_o which_o it_o do_v from_o the_o hither_o extremity_n of_o the_o air_n and_o not_o prove_v strong_a enough_o to_o sustain_v such_o a_o force_n must_v necessary_o depress_v into_o the_o water_n and_o earth_n where_o neither_o of_o these_o find_v themselves_o strong_a enough_o about_o their_o surface_n do_v necessary_o yield_v and_o give_v way_n to_o the_o air_n press_v downward_o for_o a_o basis._n the_o same_o contrary_a motion_n be_v apparent_a in_o a_o man_n who_o be_v to_o lift_v some_o weight_n from_o the_o ground_n upward_o first_o he_o must_v move_v all_o his_o strength_n towards_o his_o foot_n which_o be_v the_o centre_n whereupon_o this_o weight_n must_v be_v sustain_v and_o lift_v up_o from_o then_o do_v he_o reflect_v all_o his_o strength_n upon_o that_o basis_n upward_o where_o we_o observe_v his_o centre_n to_o make_v a_o hole_n into_o the_o earth_n because_o it_o be_v not_o firm_a enough_o to_o sustain_v his_o pressure_n even_o so_o it_o be_v with_o the_o twofold_a motion_n of_o air_n which_o you_o may_v easy_o apply_v to_o this_o in_o every_o particular_a ii_o the_o air_n innixe_v be_v shove_v off_o or_o refract_v through_o the_o repercussion_n of_o the_o weighty_a element_n choose_v to_o turn_v round_o that_o be_v to_o bear_v to_o the_o side_n rather_o than_o to_o retort_v into_o itself_o and_o that_o which_o irritate_v this_o with_o no_o obtuse_a spur_n be_v the_o fire_n force_v circular_o upon_o the_o air_n 2._o the_o universal_a water_n flow_v from_o east_n to_o west_n be_v no_o small_a cause_n of_o direct_v of_o the_o air_n motion_n towards_o the_o same_o aim_n because_o the_o air_n reflect_v against_o the_o water_n flow_v from_o underneath_o must_v needs_o be_v shove_v off_o thither_o whither_o the_o water_n flow_v i_o prove_v it_o cast_v a_o ball_n from_o the_o shore_n upon_o a_o piece_n of_o timber_n drive_v down_o a_o rapid_a river_n its_o refracted_a motion_n will_v tend_v towards_o the_o drift_n of_o the_o say_a river_n 3._o the_o fire_n move_v from_o east_n to_o west_n and_o force_v upon_o the_o air_n must_v beyond_o all_o scruple_n prescribe_v the_o air_n a_o road_n in_o its_o motion_n in_o the_o next_o place_n i_o prove_v that_o the_o air_n be_v agitate_a in_o a_o circular_a motion_n 1._o if_o water_n that_o be_v thick_a be_v impel_v to_o a_o circular_a
swallow_v up_o in_o the_o island_n aenaria_n another_o in_o thrace_n one_o in_o phaevicia_n beyond_o sidon_n and_o another_o in_o eubaea_n other_o protrude_v a_o great_a piece_n of_o earth_n and_o cast_v it_o up_o into_o a_o kind_n of_o mountain_n but_o a_o very_a uneven_a one_o as_o for_o instance_n the_o mount_n modernus_fw-la near_o the_o lake_n avernus_n this_o sort_n be_v call_v egestion_n some_o cast_v forth_o a_o flame_n withal_o as_o happen_v in_o the_o mount_n vesevus_n alias_o the_o mount_n of_o summa_fw-it in_o campania_n and_o the_o mongibell_n in_o sicily_n earthquake_n have_v sometime_o remove_v two_o opposite_a field_n and_o place_v they_o in_o one_o another_o room_n as_o those_o two_o field_n in_o italy_n where_o the_o marrucini_n be_v seat_v in_o the_o reign_n of_o nero._n for_o river_n to_o burst_v out_o as_o the_o river_n ladon_n in_o arcadia_n do_v and_o other_o to_o be_v stop_v up_o by_o earth_n cast_v into_o they_o by_o such_o accident_n be_v very_o possible_a oft_o time_n earthquake_n make_v way_n for_o deluge_n which_o may_v be_v also_o incident_a upon_o the_o earth_n at_o the_o bottom_n of_o the_o sea_n or_o near_o to_o the_o shore_n or_o may_v happen_v to_o the_o same_o place_n without_o a_o deluge_n whereby_o the_o water_n have_v be_v swallow_v up_o and_o ship_n leave_v dry_a upon_o the_o shore_n as_o that_o which_o happen_v in_o the_o time_n of_o theodosius_n or_o that_o when_o m._n antonius_n and_o p._n dolabella_n be_v consul_n leave_v great_a heap_n of_o fish_n dry_a upon_o the_o sand_n in_o the_o reign_n of_o emanuel_n there_o be_v a_o very_a great_a earthquake_n perceive_v about_o lisbon_n scalabis_n and_o other_o town_n of_o portugal_n whereby_o the_o water_n of_o the_o river_n tajo_n be_v so_o much_o diffuse_v that_o the_o bottom_n appear_v dry_a there_o be_v another_o kind_n of_o earthquake_n call_v arietation_n when_o two_o subterraneous_a wind_n vibrate_v against_o one_o another_o sometime_o this_o happen_v without_o any_o damage_n there_o be_v some_o earth_n between_v to_o hinder_v their_o conflict_n other_o time_n meet_v in_o cavernous_a place_n have_v subvert_v mountain_n and_o all_o that_o be_v upon_o they_o as_o those_o mountain_n near_o modena_n which_o pliny_n lib._n 2._o cap._n 83._o relate_v to_o have_v be_v burst_v against_o one_o another_o with_o a_o very_a hideous_a noise_n subvert_v many_o village_n and_o swallow_v up_o a_o number_n of_o cattle_n yea_o whole_a country_n and_o army_n have_v be_v devour_v by_o these_o kind_n of_o accident_n 2._o from_o their_o duration_n some_o last_a a_o day_n a_o week_n a_o month_n etc._n etc._n 3._o from_o their_o violence_n some_o infer_v little_a or_o no_o damage_n other_o be_v content_v with_o nothing_o less_o than_o ruin_n 4._o from_o the_o sound_n that_o accompany_v they_o be_v various_a as_o i_o have_v relate_v before_o 5._o from_o their_o place_n some_o more_o frequent_o infest_v island_n other_o the_o continent_n thus_o sicily_n aenaria_n lucara_n the_o moluccas_n island_n tyrus_n eubaea_n phrygia_n caria_n lydia_n italy_n and_o many_o country_n in_o the_o west-indies_n have_v very_o oft_o be_v molest_v by_o earthquake_n cold_a country_n as_o the_o septentrional_a one_o or_o other_o that_o be_v very_o hot_a as_o egypt_n be_v very_o seldom_o invade_v by_o they_o 6._o from_o their_o efficient_a some_o be_v extraordinary_o raise_v by_o the_o almighty_a out_o of_o his_o wrath_n for_o to_o punish_v the_o son_n of_o man_n for_o their_o sin_n a_o instance_n of_o this_o we_o have_v in_o 2_o king_n 22._o likewise_o that_o which_o happen_v about_o the_o time_n of_o the_o passion_n of_o christ_n suppose_v by_o many_o as_o didymus_n and_o other_o to_o have_v be_v universal_a and_o to_o have_v shake_v the_o whole_a earth_n but_o since_o ecclesiastic_a historian_n make_v no_o mention_n of_o it_o none_o be_v bind_v to_o give_v credit_n to_o the_o foresay_a supposition_n however_o beyond_o all_o dispute_n it_o be_v a_o very_a great_a one_o if_o not_o the_o great_a that_o ever_o the_o earth_n undergo_v neither_o be_v paulus_n oros_n to_o be_v think_v more_o authentic_a relate_v lib._n 7._o hist._n cap._n 32._o a_o universal_a earthquake_n in_o the_o time_n of_o valentinianus_n since_o the_o holy_a scripture_n and_o reason_n do_v tell_v we_o that_o the_o earth_n be_v altogether_o immovable_a 7._o from_o the_o consequent_n viz._n some_o after_o the_o earth_n eruption_n be_v follow_v by_o vehement_a wind_n empty_v out_o of_o she_o other_o by_o hot_a boil_a water_n other_o again_o by_o damp_n and_o stink_a scent_n also_o by_o vomit_v up_o of_o stone_n clot_n of_o earth_n and_o other_o strange_a body_n 8._o from_o their_o extent_n some_o reach_v far_o other_o near_o thus_o there_o happen_v a_o earthquake_n in_o the_o year_n 1577_o on_o the_o 18_o day_n of_o september_n that_o begin_v from_o colmar_n in_o switzerland_n and_o reach_v as_o far_o as_o bern_n be_v near_o upon_o 60_o mile_n distant_a etc._n etc._n iii_o now_o it_o be_v requisite_a i_o shall_v proffer_v proof_n for_o the_o forementioned_a cause_n of_o earthquake_n 1._o i_o prove_v that_o they_o be_v cause_v by_o wind_n because_o they_o alone_o be_v of_o a_o capable_a force_n to_o burst_v out_o sudden_o through_o the_o earth_n 2._o because_o wind_n burst_v out_o of_o the_o earth_n do_v always_o precede_v and_o consecute_v earthquake_n whence_o we_o may_v certain_o collect_v when_o water_n in_o pit_n and_o river_n begin_v to_o be_v turgid_a and_o continual_o raise_v into_o a_o great_a number_n of_o bubble_n that_o a_o earthquake_n be_v near_o at_o hand_n as_o appear_v by_o the_o swell_a and_o bubble_v of_o the_o river_n po_n a_o little_a before_o the_o before_o allege_a harthquake_n of_o ferrara_n 2._o that_o these_o wind_n be_v principal_o raise_v out_o of_o peregrin_fw-mi water_n collect_v within_o a_o cavern_n of_o the_o earth_n be_v evident_a by_o the_o great_a spout_v out_o of_o water_n that_o do_v follow_v the_o eruption_n 3._o it_o be_v further_a make_v evident_a in_o a_o bottle_n half_o fill_v with_o water_n and_o expose_v to_o the_o fire_n which_o do_v also_o make_v good_a to_o we_o that_o the_o sun_n through_o its_o fiery_a minim_n do_v press_v in_o a_o great_a proportion_n of_o air_n into_o those_o subterraneous_a water_n whereby_o they_o be_v attenuate_v whence_o those_o water_n that_o be_v cast_v forth_o present_o after_o the_o diruption_n be_v also_o render_v boil_v hot_a so_o that_o country_n remote_a from_o the_o energy_n of_o the_o sun_n be_v seat_v beyond_o danger_n of_o have_v wind_n generate_v within_o their_o bowel_n however_o subterraneous_a fire_n may_v supply_v the_o office_n of_o the_o sun_n beam_n in_o attenuate_v the_o water_n into_o wind_n by_o impel_a air_n into_o they_o whence_o it_o be_v that_o near_o the_o mount_n hecla_n in_o iseland_n concussion_n and_o arietation_n happen_v frequent_o earthquake_n be_v dispose_v to_o eruption_n in_o the_o night_n season_n as_o much_o as_o in_o the_o day_n because_o as_o the_o erupt_a force_n of_o the_o internal_a wind_n be_v intend_v by_o the_o sun_n rarefaction_n so_o be_v the_o compress_a virtue_n of_o the_o earth_n intensed_a by_o the_o more_o potent_a sink_v down_o of_o the_o air_n in_o the_o night_n be_v free_v from_o the_o discontinuate_a fiery_a minim_n and_o by_o the_o decidence_n of_o the_o weighty_a minim_n inherent_a in_o the_o air._n the_o spring_n and_o autumn_n be_v season_n of_o the_o year_n qualify_v for_o the_o attenuate_a and_o rarefy_v of_o the_o peregrin_n water_n whence_o also_o they_o prove_v most_o frequent_a near_o those_o time_n why_o hill_n and_o hilly_a country_n be_v subject_a to_o tremor_n and_o concussion_n and_o other_o moist_a one_o as_o holland_n and_o zealand_n less_o may_v easy_o be_v understand_v from_o our_o discourse_n upon_o the_o generation_n of_o hill_n iv._o that_o earthquake_n portend_v famine_n pestilential_a fever_n and_o other_o contagious_a disease_n be_v believe_v by_o most_o grave_a author_n but_o whence_o such_o a_o putrefaction_n cause_v the_o say_a distemper_n shall_v arrive_v to_o the_o air_n can_v well_o be_v deduce_v from_o their_o assign_v exhalation_n to_o be_v the_o cause_n of_o earthquake_n since_o they_o hold_v they_o to_o be_v hot_a and_o dry_a be_v quality_n according_a to_o the_o peripatetic_n resist_v and_o expel_v putrefaction_n beyond_o any_o wherefore_o it_o will_v be_v most_o agreeable_a to_o hold_v with_o we_o that_o it_o be_v derive_v from_o those_o moist_a damp_n and_o vapour_n that_o be_v the_o material_a cause_n of_o the_o disrupt_a wind_n chap._n xvii_o of_o fiery_a meteor_n in_o the_o air._n 1._o of_o the_o generation_n of_o a_o fool_n fire_n a_o lick_v fire_n helen_n fire_n pollux_n and_o castor_n a_o fly_a drake_n a_o burn_a candle_n a_o perpendicular_a fire_n a_o skip_a goat_n fly_v spark_n and_o a_o burn_a flame_n 2._o of_o the_o generation_n
of_o thunder_n fulguration_n and_o fulmination_n and_o of_o their_o effect_n of_o a_o thunder_n stone_n 3._o of_o comet_n of_o their_o production_n i._o those_o vapour_n that_o be_v elevate_v into_o the_o air_n oft_o contain_v no_o small_a proportion_n of_o sulphureous_a particle_n within_o they_o which_o if_o concrease_v through_o their_o own_o positive_a coldness_n and_o privative_a coldness_n of_o the_o night_n into_o a_o low_a cloud_n nebula_fw-la in_o the_o lowermost_a part_n of_o the_o low_a region_n do_v compress_v those_o sulphureous_a particle_n otherwise_o term_v exhalation_n and_o distinguish_v from_o vapour_n because_o in_o these_o water_n and_o air_n be_v predominant_a in_o the_o other_o condense_a fire_n and_o incrassated_a air_n towards_o the_o centre_n where_o unite_n be_v convert_v into_o a_o flame_n by_o extend_v the_o incrassated_a air_n through_o their_o condense_a fire_n this_o flame_n possible_o appear_v like_a unto_o a_o candle_n play_v and_o move_v to_o and_o fro_o the_o air_n and_o thence_o be_v also_o call_v a_o fool_n fire_n or_o ignis_fw-la fatuus_fw-la seu_fw-la erraticus_fw-la because_o it_o prove_v sometime_o a_o occasion_n of_o lead_v traveller_n that_o be_v belate_v out_o of_o their_o road_n for_o by_o their_o come_n near_o to_o it_o the_o air_n be_v propel_v which_o again_o protrude_v the_o flame_n forward_o and_o so_o by_o continue_v to_o follow_v it_o imagine_v the_o same_o to_o be_v some_o candle_n in_o a_o town_n or_o village_n be_v oft_o mislead_v into_o a_o ditch_n or_o hole_n or_o if_o they_o go_v from_o it_o when_o they_o be_v once_o come_v near_o the_o light_n will_v follow_v they_o because_o in_o recede_v they_o make_v a_o cavity_n which_o the_o next_o succeed_a air_n accur_v to_o fill_v up_o the_o generation_n of_o these_o light_n be_v more_o frequent_a near_o muddy_a pool_n churchyard_n and_o other_o putrid_a place_n that_o abound_v with_o such_o sulphureous_a body_n the_o say_v sulphureous_a part_n if_o be_v of_o a_o less_o density_n condense_a and_o unite_v by_o the_o dense_a wool_n of_o a_o man_n clothes_n or_o hair_n or_o the_o hair_n of_o a_o horse_n or_o ox_n and_o the_o foresay_a coldness_n it_o take_v fire_n at_o the_o forementioned_a place_n but_o flame_n so_o subtle_o that_o it_o be_v uncapable_a of_o burn_v this_o sort_n of_o meteor_n be_v call_v a_o ignis_fw-la lambens_fw-la a_o lick_v fire_n because_o it_o slake_v then_o here_o then_o there_o like_v to_o spirit_n of_o wine_n flame_v helen_n fire_n sidus_fw-la helenae_n so_o call_v because_o as_o helen_n occasion_v the_o ruin_n of_o greece_n and_o asia_n so_o this_o kind_n of_o flame_a fire_n adhere_v to_o the_o shrowd_n or_o yard_n of_o a_o ship_n be_v usual_o a_o messenger_n of_o the_o ship_n perish_v if_o this_o flame_n appear_v double_a it_o be_v distinguish_v by_o a_o double_a name_n of_o castor_n and_o pollux_n which_o be_v general_o construe_v to_o bring_v good_a tiding_n of_o fair_a weather_n but_o these_o kind_n of_o prognostication_n be_v very_o uncertain_a they_o may_v precede_v storm_n and_o may_v appear_v without_o the_o consequence_n of_o tempest_n for_o there_o be_v no_o necessity_n for_o either_o this_o generation_n depend_v upon_o exhalation_n condense_v and_o unite_v between_o the_o rope_n and_o the_o mast_n or_o the_o yard_n a_o fly_a drake_n draco_n volans_fw-la be_v a_o flame_n appear_v by_o night_n in_o the_o low_a region_n of_o the_o air_n with_o a_o broad_a belly_n a_o small_a head_n and_o tail_n like_v unto_o a_o drake_n its_o matter_n be_v the_o same_o with_o the_o former_a differ_v in_o quantity_n alone_o and_o figure_n so_o frame_v through_o the_o figure_n of_o its_o contain_v cloud_n in_o the_o upper_a part_n of_o the_o low_a region_n of_o the_o air_n be_v produce_v 1._o a_o fall_a star_n represent_v a_o star_n fall_v down_o from_o the_o heaven_n 2._o a_o burn_a lance_n express_v the_o image_n of_o a_o flame_a lance._n 3._o a_o burn_a candle_n fax_fw-la 4._o a_o perpendicular_a fire_n or_o fiery_a pillar_n trabs_fw-la seu_fw-la ignis_fw-la perpendicularis_fw-la seu_fw-la pyramid_n represent_v a_o flame_a beam_n or_o pillar_n 5._o a_o flame_a arrow_n bolis_fw-la 6._o a_o skip_a goat_n caprasaltans_fw-la be_v a_o flame_n more_o long_o than_o broad_a glister_a and_o flake_v about_o its_o side_n and_o various_o agitate_a in_o the_o air_n like_o the_o skip_n of_o a_o goat_n 7._o fly_v spark_n move_v through_o the_o air_n like_o the_o spark_n of_o a_o furnace_n 8._o flamma_n arden_n seu_fw-la stipulae_fw-la ardentes_fw-la or_o a_o great_a burn_a fire_n sudden_o flame_v in_o the_o air_n like_o those_o fire_n that_o be_v kindle_v out_o of_o a_o great_a heap_n of_o straw_n all_o these_o depend_v upon_o a_o grosser_n material_a cause_n be_v somewhat_o more_o condense_v and_o unite_v than_o the_o former_a through_o a_o great_a privative_a coldness_n and_o therefore_o they_o be_v also_o more_o durable_a a_o fall_a star_n obtain_v its_o production_n near_o the_o permanent_a cloud_n and_o be_v somewhat_o weighty_a through_o earthy_a minim_n and_o rarefy_v the_o air_n through_o its_o heat_n break_v through_o detrude_v and_o fall_v down_o low_o until_o it_o be_v arrive_v to_o a_o thick_a cloud_n where_o nevertheless_o it_o do_v not_o abide_v long_o in_o its_o flame_n the_o other_o procure_v their_o figure_n from_o their_o proportion_n of_o mixture_n and_o shape_n of_o the_o ambient_fw-la cloud_n ii_o thunder_n be_v a_o great_a rebound_a noise_n in_o the_o air_n cause_v through_o the_o violent_a burst_v out_o of_o incrassated_a air_n and_o condense_a fire_n be_v sudden_o kindle_v into_o a_o flame_n body_n the_o manner_n &_o cause_n of_o this_o eruption_n you_o may_v easy_o collect_v from_o the_o manner_n of_o the_o eruption_n of_o wind_n how_o a_o sound_n be_v produce_v i_o have_v set_v down_o before_o the_o difference_n of_o thunder_n be_v various_a some_o be_v only_o murmur_v without_o a_o multiplication_n of_o sound_n cause_v through_o a_o less_o proportion_n of_o fire_n and_o air_n burst_v through_o a_o less_o dense_a and_o thick_a cloud_n other_o raise_v a_o great_a crack_a noise_n happen_v through_o the_o acuteness_n of_o the_o sound_n smart_o divide_v the_o air_n and_o cloud_n wherever_o it_o reach_v last_o some_o be_v great_a hollow_a sound_n various_o multiply_v happen_v through_o the_o reflection_n and_o refraction_n of_o other_o dense_a and_o thick_a cloud_n drive_v in_o the_o way_n beside_o these_o there_o may_v be_v account_v many_o more_o difference_n of_o thunder_n raise_v through_o the_o proportion_n of_o air_n and_o fire_n that_o burst_v out_o and_o the_o various_a mixture_n of_o cloud_n fulguration_n or_o a_o flash_a be_v fire_n condense_v raise_v into_o a_o flame_n through_o incrassated_a air_n within_o a_o cloud_n and_o break_v out_o from_o it_o this_o scarce_a effect_n any_o great_a noise_n because_o of_o its_o subtlety_n although_o in_o some_o it_o do_v fulmination_n or_o lightning_n differ_v from_o the_o former_a only_o in_o intention_n in_o that_o it_o be_v much_o more_o forcible_a reach_v to_o the_o ground_n and_o pierce_v into_o it_o and_o other_o terrestrial_a thick_a dense_a body_n and_o be_v more_o augment_v in_o matter_n it_o be_v ordinary_o a_o concomitant_a of_o thunder_n both_o be_v produce_v at_o once_o although_o not_o perceive_v by_o we_o together_o we_o see_v the_o lightning_n before_o we_o hear_v the_o thunder_n because_o a_o visible_a object_n be_v much_o swift_a communicate_v to_o the_o eye_n than_o a_o sound_n to_o the_o ear_n as_o appear_v in_o spy_v a_o man_n a_o far_o off_o chap_a of_o wood_n we_o see_v his_o axe_n go_v down_o before_o we_o hear_v the_o noise_n the_o reason_n of_o this_o i_o have_v insert_v above_o a_o lightning_n be_v either_o vibrate_n and_o be_v next_o to_o fulguration_n in_o intention_n pass_v more_o subtle_o or_o discutient_fw-la consist_v somewhat_o of_o a_o denser_n fire_n and_o cause_v a_o great_a thunder_n 3._o or_o burn_v consist_v of_o the_o dense_v fire_n cause_v the_o great_a thunder_n and_o oft_o melt_v a_o sword_n in_o the_o scabbard_n or_o money_n in_o a_o bag_n and_o the_o scabbard_n and_o bag_n remain_v undamage_v the_o reason_n be_v because_o the_o rarity_n of_o these_o give_v a_o free_a passage_n to_o the_o lightning_n whereas_o the_o crassitude_n and_o density_n of_o the_o other_o do_v stay_v and_o unite_v the_o pass_a adute_a flame_n strong_a man_n and_o beast_n be_v oft_o kill_v through_o a_o adure_a lightning_n whereas_o woman_n and_o child_n do_v escape_v because_o the_o body_n of_o these_o latter_a be_v lax_n and_o porous_a suffer_v the_o say_a flame_n to_o pass_v without_o any_o great_a resistance_n whereas_o the_o crassitude_n of_o the_o other_o body_n do_v unite_v and_o collect_v it_o through_o which_o their_o vital_a heat_n be_v quite_o disperse_v have_v no_o other_o apparent_a sign_n either_o within_o or_o without_o their_o body_n of_o so_o
the_o way_n vi_o before_o i_o go_v on_o any_o further_a i_o will_v prove_v that_o such_o a_o vast_a measure_n of_o fiery_a wind_n blow_v down_o from_o each_o of_o the_o polar_a region_n for_o six_o month_n together_o it_o be_v certain_a that_o a_o great_a proportion_n of_o fiery_a cloud_n be_v cast_v from_o the_o middle_n or_o equinoctial_a of_o the_o fiery_a heaven_n towards_o the_o pole_n because_o there_o they_o be_v the_o strong_a as_o appear_v by_o their_o strong_a and_o swift_a motion_n measure_v more_o way_n by_o far_o there_o than_o about_o the_o polar_n wherefore_o the_o great_a part_n of_o those_o fiery_a cloud_n must_v necessary_o be_v detrude_v towards_o the_o polar_n as_o be_v the_o weak_a part_n of_o the_o heaven_n and_o therefore_o the_o apt_a for_o their_o reception_n these_o cloud_n be_v obtrude_v thither_o in_o great_a quantity_n be_v compress_v by_o the_o force_n of_o the_o superior_a heaven_n whereby_o the_o condense_a fiery_a minim_n break_v forth_o in_o great_a shower_n which_o blow_v constant_o for_o six_o month_n do_v always_o blow_v the_o sun_n from_o they_o towards_o the_o opposite_a side_n 2._o if_o cloud_n of_o the_o air_n be_v most_o detrude_v towards_o their_o polar_n and_o blow_v thence_o constant_o for_o a_o long_a season_n â—…sones_n as_o mariner_n tell_v we_o they_o do_v ergo_fw-la the_o same_o must_v happen_v in_o the_o fiery_a region_n since_o the_o efficient_a cause_n and_o material_n be_v correspond_v 3._o the_o fiery_a region_n press_v strong_o about_o the_o middle_a part_n must_v needs_o cast_v up_o most_o air_n towards_o the_o polar_n 4._o before_o there_o can_v be_v a_o eruption_n of_o these_o fiery_a cloud_n there_o must_v a_o certain_a abundance_n or_o proportion_n be_v collect_v through_o who_o over_o possession_n and_o exceed_a swell_a they_o may_v soon_o give_v way_n to_o burst_v out_o and_o then_o be_v open_v they_o continue_v their_o fiery_a wind_n for_o six_o month_n and_o by_o that_o time_n they_o be_v quite_o evacuate_v in_o the_o mean_a time_n the_o other_o polar_a side_n be_v a_o fill_v and_o be_v just_o grow_v swell_v enough_o for_o to_o burst_v out_o against_o the_o other_o be_v exhaust_v here_o may_v be_v object_v that_o whilst_o one_o pole_n be_v evacuate_v it_o shall_v attract_v all_o the_o matter_n from_o the_o other_o pole_n because_o it_o give_v way_n whereas_o the_o other_o can_v i_o answer_v that_o those_o fiery_a cloud_n through_o their_o give_a way_n be_v still_o daily_o somewhat_o supply_v by_o the_o continual_a cast_v up_o of_o the_o heaven_n for_o otherwise_o their_o ventilation_n can_v hardly_o be_v so_o last_v but_o however_o that_o matter_n be_v soon_o evacuate_v than_o the_o cloud_n can_v be_v shut_v up_o again_o so_o that_o the_o ventilation_n last_v until_o all_o be_v contain_v matter_n be_v expel_v 2._o it_o be_v impossible_a that_o the_o air_n shall_v be_v attract_v from_o the_o opposite_a side_n since_o the_o great_a force_n of_o the_o middle_a part_n of_o the_o inferionr_a region_n be_v between_o which_o screw_v the_o matter_n up_o equal_o towards_o each_o pole_n vii_o the_o sun_n deficient_a motion_n that_o be_v when_o he_o be_v accidental_o move_v through_o the_o succession_n of_o the_o constellation_n of_o the_o zodiac_n if_o compare_v to_o himself_o be_v observe_v to_o be_v regular_a that_o be_v in_o compare_v one_o tropical_a or_o deficient_a course_n with_o another_o both_o do_v agree_v in_o the_o measure_n of_o space_n be_v over-runned_n in_o a_o equal_a time_n viz._n of_o 360_o solar_a day_n and_o in_o a_o equal_a velocity_n move_v in_o the_o same_o swiftness_n through_o the_o same_o constellation_n in_o one_o year_n that_o he_o do_v in_o another_o but_o if_o the_o particular_a motion_n of_o one_o defective_a or_o tropical_a course_n be_v refer_v to_o other_o of_o the_o same_o annual_a motion_n we_o shall_v find_v that_o the_o sun_n be_v more_o potent_o withhold_v under_o the_o meridional_a sign_n than_o under_o the_o septentrional_a one_o that_o be_v move_v swift_a through_o the_o austral_a mediety_n in_o the_o winter_n consume_v but_o 178_o day_n 21_o hour_n and_o 12_o minute_n in_o that_o peragration_n and_o flower_n through_o the_o boreal_a sign_n in_o the_o summer_n spend_v 186_o day_n 8_o hour_n 12_o minute_n compute_v with_o the_o vulgar_a 365_o day_n 5_o hour_n 49_o min._n 16_o sec._n in_o the_o year_n so_o that_o the_o difference_n be_v 7_o day_n and_o 11_o hour_n 2._o the_o sun_n appear_v sometime_o at_o some_o season_n of_o the_o year_n high_o than_o at_o other_o that_o be_v sometime_o near_o to_o we_o and_o other_o time_n far_o from_o we_o or_o otherwise_o the_o sun_n be_v at_o the_o high_a and_o far_a in_o the_o summer_n in_o the_o month_n of_o june_n be_v then_o in_o cancer_n and_o at_o the_o low_a or_o near_a in_o the_o month_n of_o december_n be_v then_o in_o capricorn_n viii_o the_o great_a declination_n of_o the_o sun_n have_v former_o in_o the_o day_n of_o hipparchus_n &_o ptolemy_n be_v observe_v to_o be_v of_o 23_o deg_n 52_o mi._n which_o according_a to_o copernicus_n his_o observation_n be_v reduce_v to_o 30_o min._n by_o other_o since_o to_o 28._o the_o cause_n be_v evident_a and_o be_v to_o be_v impute_v to_o the_o sun_n or_o rather_o the_o fiery_a region_n gain_v upon_o the_o inferior_a element_n namely_o the_o water_n gain_v upon_o the_o earth_n and_o diduct_n her_o mole_n the_o air_n gain_v upon_o they_o both_o and_o insufflate_v their_o body_n and_o last_o the_o fire_n gain_v upon_o the_o air_n through_o which_o mean_v it_o must_v necessary_o incline_v near_o to_o the_o centre_n of_o the_o earth_n which_o approximation_n must_v cause_v a_o diminution_n of_o the_o sun_n declination_n for_o instance_n suppose_v the_o sun_n in_o hipparchus_n his_o time_n to_o have_v be_v at_o the_o height_n of_o o_o be_v then_o in_o his_o great_a declination_n from_o the_o equinoctial_a a_o b_o if_o then_o since_o through_o the_o fiery_a region_n have_v gain_v upon_o the_o other_o element_n the_o sun_n be_v descend_v from_o o_o to_o 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d be_v there_o near_o to_o the_o centre_n of_o the_o earth_n his_o great_a declination_n in_o 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d must_v needs_o be_v less_o to_o ε_n than_o it_o be_v from_o o_o to_o 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d ix_o hence_o we_o may_v easy_o collect_v the_o duration_n of_o the_o world_n thus_o if_o the_o fiery_a region_n have_v gain_v from_o the_o time_n or_o year_n of_o ptolemy_n to_o copernicus_n so_o many_o minute_n of_o the_o other_o element_n in_o how_o many_o year_n will_v the_o fire_n gain_v the_o restant_n minute_n this_o be_v find_v out_o by_o the_o rule_n of_o proportion_n will_v resolve_v we_o when_o the_o world_n shall_v be_v return_v again_o into_o a_o confusion_n or_o chaos_n so_o that_o you_o may_v observe_v as_o at_o the_o begin_n of_o the_o world_n the_o weighty_a element_n do_v gradual_o expel_v and_o at_o last_o overpower_v the_o light_a one_o so_o the_o light_a one_o do_v now_o gradual_o gain_v upon_o the_o weighty_a one_o and_o at_o last_o will_v again_o overpower_v they_o and_o so_o you_o have_v a_o description_n of_o the_o long_a year_n consist_v of_o 20_o thousand_o solar_a circuit_n gain_v near_o a_o degree_n every_o 68_o year_n but_o towards_o the_o latter_a end_n will_v prevail_v much_o more_o because_o the_o near_o they_o incline_v the_o more_o forcible_o they_o will_v make_v way_n and_o so_o you_o see_v all_o thing_n be_v like_a to_o return_v to_o what_o they_o be_v viz._n the_o immortal_a soul_n of_o man_n to_o god_n and_o the_o universe_n in_o o_o the_o same_o chaos_n which_o as_o i_o say_v former_o will_v abide_v a_o chaos_n to_o all_o eternity_n unless_o god_n do_v divide_v it_o again_o into_o a_o new_a world_n and_o raise_v new_a body_n for_o the_o soul_n that_o have_v of_o long_o be_v in_o be_v at_o the_o latter_a end_n of_o this_o descent_n you_o shall_v have_v christ_n descend_v in_o the_o great_a triumph_n glory_n and_o splendour_n appear_v in_o a_o body_n bright_a than_o the_o sun_n here_o must_v needs_o happen_v a_o very_a great_a noise_n and_o thunder_n when_o the_o element_n do_v with_o the_o great_a force_n clash_n against_o one_o another_o which_o can_v but_o then_o strike_v the_o great_a amazement_n and_o anguish_n into_o the_o ear_n of_o the_o wicked_a this_o doctrine_n may_v prove_v a_o plain_a paraphrase_n upon_o those_o mystery_n mention_v in_o the_o revelation_n of_o st._n john_n for_o instance_n chap._n 9_o v._n 1_o 2._o where_o a_o star_n be_v describe_v to_o fall_v down_o from_o heaven_n namely_o the_o sun_n open_v the_o bottomless_a pit_n and_o raise_v a_o smoke_n viz_o through_o his_o burn_a and_o consume_a ray_n etc._n etc._n no_o wonder_n if_o man_n fancy_n be_v so_o strong_o miss_v in_o
a_o board_n or_o ship_n upon_o the_o water_n because_o the_o water_n be_v continuous_o thick_a coheres_fw-la together_o and_o will_v not_o suffer_v herself_o to_o be_v divide_v whereby_o they_o happen_v to_o be_v lift_v up_o by_o the_o water_n vi_o whether_o all_o hard_a waterish_a body_n be_v free_v from_o fire_n no_o for_o although_o a_o slame_n be_v extinguish_v by_o they_o yet_o that_o hinder_v not_o but_o that_o fire_n may_v be_v contain_v within_o they_o in_o particle_n and_o close_o shut_v up_o between_o their_o pore_n this_o appear_v in_o crystal_n which_o be_v smart_o strike_v by_o another_o hard_a body_n do_v emit_v spark_n of_o slame_a fire_n from_o it_o like_v unto_o a_o flint_n so_o neither_o be_v ice_n itself_o bare_a within_o its_o pore_n of_o some_o small_a particle_n of_o fire_n chap._n iii_o comprise_v problem_n touch_v the_o air._n 1._o whether_o air_n be_v weighty_a 2._o whether_o a_o bladder_n blow_v up_o with_o wind_n be_v heavy_a than_o when_o empty_a 3._o why_o water_n contain_v in_o a_o beer_n glass_n be_v turn_v round_o with_o one_o hand_n do_v turn_v contrary_a against_o the_o motion_n of_o the_o glass_n 4._o why_o a_o breath_n be_v blow_v with_o a_o close_a mouth_n do_v feel_v cool_a and_o efflate_v with_o a_o diduct_v mouth_n feel_v warm_a 5._o why_o a_o arm_a point_n of_o a_o arrow_n grow_v hot_a in_o be_v shoot_v through_o the_o air_n 6._o why_o beer_n or_o wine_n will_v not_o run_v out_o of_o the_o cask_n without_o open_v a_o hole_n atop_o 7._o what_o difference_n there_o be_v between_o a_o oricane_a and_o a_o travada_n 8._o whether_o it_o be_v true_a that_o wind_n may_v be_v hire_v from_o witch_n or_o wizard_n in_o iseland_n 9_o why_o be_v it_o quiet_o in_o the_o night_n than_o in_o the_o day_n i._o whither_o air_n be_v weighty_a answ._n air_n consider_v as_o enjoy_v its_o centre_n be_v light_n and_o do_v not_o participate_v of_o any_o weight_n since_o it_o will_v only_o move_v from_o the_o centre_n to_o the_o circumference_n and_o ever_o force_v extraneous_a body_n upward_o ergo_fw-la air_n absolute_o conceive_v be_v only_a light_n 2._o air_n in_o its_o present_a state_n be_v also_o weighty_a but_o accidental_o only_a and_o not_o essential_o because_o of_o its_o sink_v downward_o towards_o the_o centre_n ii_o whether_o a_o bladder_n blow_v up_o with_o wind_n be_v heavy_a than_o when_o empty_a answ._n there_o have_v be_v trial_n make_v of_o this_o to_o wit_n of_o the_o weight_n of_o a_o bladder_n blow_v up_o by_o bellows_o atop_o of_o a_o high_a hill_n in_o a_o pair_n of_o scale_n and_o it_o be_v find_v that_o a_o empty_a bladder_n weigh_v heavy_a than_o one_o fill_v with_o wind_n the_o same_o be_v also_o deprehend_v by_o cast_v they_o both_o into_o the_o water_n where_o we_o shall_v find_v the_o empty_a bladder_n first_o to_o be_v equal_a with_o the_o surface_n of_o the_o water_n and_o afterward_o to_o sink_v down_o a_o little_a whereas_o the_o windy_a one_o swim_v atop_o the_o cause_n be_v by_o reason_n a_o bladder_n extend_v by_o the_o air_n within_o be_v support_v by_o it_o and_o be_v render_v more_o porous_a and_o subtle_a through_o its_o obduction_n the_o air_n do_v easy_o pass_v without_o any_o resistance_n and_o therefore_o do_v not_o depress_v it_o so_o much_o as_o a_o empty_a bladder_n which_o through_o its_o corrugation_n and_o lesser_a diduction_n be_v more_o dense_a and_o therefore_o receive_v the_o depress_v force_n of_o the_o air_n much_o strong_a beside_o be_v more_o acute_a be_v apt_a for_o to_o cut_v through_o the_o inferior_a air_n whereas_o a_o bladder_n blow_v up_o be_v obtuse_a and_o do_v as_o it_o be_v swim_v in_o the_o air_n but_o if_o a_o bladder_n be_v blow_v up_o with_o one_o breath_n then_o doubtless_o it_o will_v prove_v heavy_a than_o a_o empty_a one_o because_o of_o the_o vaporous_a or_o heavy_a waterish_a air_n contain_v within_o iii_o why_o do_v the_o water_n contain_v in_o a_o beer_n glass_n be_v turn_v round_o with_o your_o hand_n turn_v contrary_a against_o the_o motion_n of_o the_o glass_n the_o same_o be_v observe_v in_o roll_v a_o barrel_n full_a of_o water_n where_o the_o liquor_n turn_v contrary_a against_o the_o barrel_n ans._n the_o water_n be_v here_o detain_v flat_a or_o hold_v fast_o by_o the_o air_n sink_v down_o whence_o it_o be_v that_o the_o water_n seem_v to_o move_v against_o the_o motion_n of_o the_o vessel_n be_v glib_a or_o slippery_a and_o smooth_a and_o therefore_o not_o detain_v the_o vessel_n in_o its_o motion_n iu._n why_o do_v a_o breath_n be_v blow_v with_o a_o close_a mouth_n feel_v cool_a and_o efflate_v with_o a_o diduct_v mouth_n feel_v warm_a answ._n because_o the_o breath_n or_o incrassated_a air_n of_o a_o close_a mouth_n be_v more_o unite_a and_o long_o continuate_v whereby_o it_o do_v vigorous_o puff_n the_o ambient_fw-la air_n who_o compression_n feel_v cause_v cold_a as_o i_o have_v explain_v it_o in_o book_n 1._o part_n 2._o now_o through_o the_o union_n of_o the_o incrassated_a air_n that_o be_v efflate_v the_o hot_a minim_n of_o the_o breath_n be_v deep_o and_o equal_o impress_v into_o the_o substance_n of_o the_o vaporous_a air_n whence_o their_o virtue_n be_v also_o suppress_v but_o in_o breathe_v of_o the_o say_a air_n out_o of_o a_o open_a mouth_n the_o fiery_a minim_n do_v come_v forth_o in_o troop_n unequal_o and_o but_o superficial_o mix_v in_o or_o support_v by_o the_o say_v incrassated_a air_n whence_o they_o abide_v energick_a beside_o the_o air_n be_v but_o little_o puff_v make_v little_a or_o no_o compression_n hence_o you_o may_v also_o collect_v a_o reason_n why_o the_o air_n do_v refrigrate_v being_n agitate_a with_o a_o fan._n v._o why_o do_v a_o arm_a point_n of_o a_o arrow_n grow_v hot_a in_o be_v shoot_v through_o the_o air_n answ._n because_o its_o body_n and_o pore_n be_v somewhat_o open_v by_o the_o air_n grind_v against_o it_o whereby_o its_o fiery_a part_n procure_v a_o occasion_n of_o be_v unire_v and_o condense_a this_o do_v also_o resolve_v we_o why_o a_o knife_n be_v smart_o whet_v emit_v spark_n of_o fire_n or_o why_o a_o flint_n be_v strike_v hard_o against_o a_o piece_n of_o steel_n do_v likewise_o sparkle_v fire_n from_o it_o viz._n because_o its_o solid_a part_n be_v open_v and_o disjoin_v through_o the_o concussion_n whereby_o the_o fiery_a minim_n happen_v to_o be_v unite_v and_o condense_a likewise_o many_o cold_a body_n by_o be_v chaw_a or_o contrit_v do_v afterward_o grow_v hot_a vi_o why_o will_v not_o beer_n or_o wine_n run_v out_o of_o the_o cask_n without_o open_v a_o hole_n atop_o answ._n because_o of_o the_o continuous_a adhesion_n or_o cohesion_n of_o the_o continuous_a part_n of_o the_o liquor_n to_o the_o continuous_a part_n of_o the_o cask_n but_o as_o soon_o as_o it_o be_v averruncate_v divide_v and_o impel_v downward_o by_o the_o air_n enter_v at_o the_o upper_a hole_n it_o run_v free_o out_o of_o the_o tap._n that_o it_o be_v the_o air_n enter_v atop_o which_o press_v out_o the_o liquor_n be_v apparent_a by_o the_o cavity_n atop_o which_o the_o fore-impulse_n of_o the_o air_n enter_v cause_v vii_o what_o difference_n be_v there_o between_o a_o oricane_a and_o a_o travada_n answ._n a_o oricane_a be_v usual_o much_o more_o violent_a and_o therefore_o also_o much_o less_o last_a burst_v down_o circular_o from_o all_o part_n like_v to_o a_o whirlwind_n a_o travada_n be_v more_o last_a and_o less_o violent_a and_o erupt_v direct_o down_o from_o one_o tract_n and_o in_o no_o wise_a circular_o which_o as_o it_o oft_o rage_v upon_o the_o sea_n off_o the_o shore_n of_o coramandel_n manicongo_n guiny_n etc._n etc._n so_o the_o former_a be_v more_o frequent_a in_o the_o west-indian_a climate_n viii_o whether_o it_o be_v true_a that_o wind_n may_v be_v hire_v from_o witch_n or_o wizzard_n in_o iseland_n answ._n it_o be_v certain_a that_o the_o wind_n blow_v very_o various_o and_o manifold_a about_o that_o island_n insomuch_o that_o it_o be_v not_o rare_a to_o see_v ship_n sail_v several_a course_n at_o once_o all_o of_o they_o be_v equal_o favour_v by_o a_o good_a wind_n the_o cause_n of_o this_o be_v vulgar_o not_o know_v have_v occasion_v people_n to_o brand_v the_o old_a man_n and_o woman_n there_o with_o witchcraft_n who_o the_o roughness_n of_o the_o air_n may_v cause_v to_o look_v rugged_a like_o the_o devil_n correspondent_n sell_v the_o wind_n by_o retail_n the_o cause_n of_o this_o variety_n be_v great_a wind_n erupt_a oft_o out_o of_o several_a hole_n of_o the_o earth_n about_o the_o island_n especial_o about_o the_o mount_n hecla_n which_o many_o believe_v to_o be_v the_o mouth_n of_o hell_n because_o of_o those_o prodigious_a thunder_n and_o murmur_n of_o wind_n that_o be_v perceive_v thereabouts_o ix_o why_o be_v it_o
quiet_o in_o the_o night_n than_o in_o the_o day_n answ._n because_o in_o the_o day_n the_o air_n be_v fluid_a and_o continuous_a be_v agitate_a into_o wave_n by_o the_o sun_n fiery_a beam_n who_o body_n clash_v together_o cause_n a_o small_a noise_n in_o the_o day_n which_o the_o night_n season_n be_v free_v of_o chap._n iu._n contain_v problem_n touch_v the_o fire_n 1._o why_o do_v water_n cast_v upon_o unquench_a chalk_n or_o lime_n become_v boil_v 2._o why_o do_v common_a salt_n make_v a_o crack_a noise_n when_o cast_v into_o the_o fire_n 3._o who_o be_v the_o first_o inventor_n of_o gunpowder_n 4._o what_o be_v the_o ingredient_n of_o gunpowder_n 5._o whence_o arrive_v all_o that_o flame_a fire_n that_o follow_v the_o kindle_v of_o gunpowder_n 6._o whence_o be_v it_o that_o gunpowder_n be_v kindle_v in_o gun_n erupt_v with_o that_o force_n and_o violence_n i._o why_o do_v water_n cast_v upon_o unquench_a chalk_n or_o lime_n become_v boil_v answ._n because_o fire_n in_o lime_n be_v detain_v or_o imprison_v within_o a_o thick_a glutinous_a moisture_n which_o be_v attenuate_v through_o the_o thin_a moisture_n of_o water_n be_v force_v to_o suffer_v the_o igneous_a part_n before_o disperse_v and_o imprison_v to_o unite_v whence_o be_v condense_v and_o encompass_v by_o a_o thin_a glutinous_a air_n be_v change_v into_o a_o hide_a flame_n whereby_o the_o water_n be_v render_v boil_a hot_a ii_o why_o do_v common_a salt_n make_v a_o crack_a noise_n when_o cast_v into_o the_o fire_n answ._n because_o the_o flame_a fire_n exufflate_v the_o spirituous_a air_n of_o the_o salt_n within_o its_o body_n do_v also_o force_v it_o to_o burst_v out_o the_o report_n whereof_o be_v not_o unlike_a to_o a_o crack_a noise_n iii_o who_o be_v the_o first_o inventor_n of_o gunpowder_n answ._n in_o the_o first_o place_n touch_v the_o dispute_n whether_o the_o invention_n of_o it_o be_v to_o be_v adscribe_v to_o the_o chinese_n or_o the_o european_n it_o be_v very_o probable_a the_o chineses_n be_v the_o first_o author_n of_o gunpowder_n because_o they_o be_v find_v practise_v upon_o it_o at_o the_o same_o time_n that_o it_o be_v first_o invent_v in_o europe_n next_o who_o be_v the_o author_n of_o it_o among_o the_o european_n be_v uncertain_a but_o certain_a that_o he_o be_v a_o german_a who_o name_n some_o will_v call_v berthold_n swarts_n a_o monk_n of_o friburg_n say_v to_o have_v find_v it_o out_o accidental_o by_o leave_v a_o mixture_n of_o saltpetre_n and_o sulphur_n in_o a_o mortar_n cover_v with_o a_o stone_n whereinto_o a_o spark_n of_o the_o candle_n light_v by_o chance_n force_v the_o stone_n up_o with_o no_o small_a report_n from_o this_o he_o be_v also_o suppose_v to_o have_v take_v the_o fabric_n of_o a_o gun_n iu._n what_o be_v the_o ingredient_n of_o gunpowder_n answ._n its_o material_n be_v ordinary_o saltpetre_n sulphur_n and_o dust_n of_o charcoal_n all_o which_o be_v very_o igneous_a do_v very_o much_o intend_v one_o another_o force_n in_o blow_v up_o a_o fire_n v._o whence_o arrive_v all_o that_o flame_a fire_n that_o follow_v the_o kindle_v of_o gunpowder_n ans._n the_o saltpetre_n which_o be_v the_o chief_a of_o the_o ingredient_n consist_v of_o very_o weighty_a dense_n and_o waterish_a part_n contain_v a_o great_a proportion_n of_o fiery_a minim_n within_o its_o body_n but_o disperse_v through_o those_o weighty_a part_n and_o suppress_v by_o they_o these_o be_v somewhat_o diduct_v and_o open_v through_o the_o rarefy_v and_o expand_v virtue_n of_o a_o external_a actual_a flame_a fire_n give_v occasion_n to_o the_o fiery_a minim_n interweave_v with_o incrassated_a air_n to_o unite_v and_o through_o the_o compression_n of_o the_o weighty_a part_n to_o be_v condense_v whence_o erupt_a into_o the_o air_n do_v attract_v other_o fire_n latent_fw-la or_o rather_o be_v force_v to_o it_o by_o the_o accurss_n of_o the_o ambient_fw-la air_n and_o disperse_v throughout_o the_o air_n whereby_o its_o flame_n be_v much_o amplify_v and_o continuate_v for_o it_o seem_v very_o improbable_a that_o so_o much_o fire_n shall_v have_v be_v latent_fw-la in_o the_o gunpowder_n as_o the_o flame_n require_v 2._o the_o dilatation_n of_o the_o say_v erupt_a flame_n be_v also_o attenuate_v by_o the_o accurss_n of_o the_o air_n expand_v the_o thick_a and_o course_n erupt_a flame_n gradual_o into_o a_o thin_a large_a flame_n whence_o it_o be_v that_o the_o flame_n near_o where_o the_o powder_n be_v kindle_v appear_v dusky_a red_n and_o further_o off_o light_n and_o flashy_a vi_o whence_o be_v it_o that_o gunpowder_n be_v kindle_v in_o gun_n erupt_v with_o that_o force_n and_o violence_n answ._n the_o powder_n be_v kindle_v into_o a_o flame_n at_o the_o touchhole_n divide_v or_o discontinuate_v the_o air_n more_o than_o any_o other_o body_n imaginable_a whereunto_o the_o air_n accurr_v from_o all_o part_n especial_o from_o above_o with_o the_o great_a velocity_n and_o force_n for_o to_o expel_v the_o flame_n which_o be_v propagate_v further_o partly_o by_o its_o own_o force_n partly_o by_o the_o intrusion_n of_o the_o air_n cause_v a_o more_o violent_a discontinuation_n of_o air_n within_o be_v pen_v up_o whereunto_o again_o a_o great_a power_n of_o air_n accedes_fw-la from_o without_o and_o attenuate_v the_o flame_n within_o whereby_o together_o with_o the_o compression_n of_o the_o side_n of_o the_o gun_n and_o the_o great_a access_n of_o air_n from_o without_o the_o flame_n be_v violent_o expel_v effect_v a_o great_a report_n through_o its_o disrupt_n and_o pluff_v of_o the_o air_n here_o observe_v 1._o how_o the_o flame_n be_v augment_v within_o the_o gun_n not_o by_o a_o virtual_a rarefaction_n as_o if_o the_o part_n of_o the_o gunpowder_n can_v be_v augment_v without_o access_n of_o other_o matter_n from_o without_o for_o that_o will_v suppose_v either_o a_o vacuum_n and_o a_o new_a creation_n of_o part_n or_o a_o penetration_n and_o a_o annihilation_n of_o forego_v part_n wherefore_o i_o say_v it_o be_v augment_v by_o attract_v fire_n out_o of_o the_o accede_v air_n and_o second_o by_o be_v attenuate_v and_o diduct_v into_o a_o large_a flame_n by_o the_o part_n of_o the_o irrupt_a air_n 2._o that_o it_o be_v the_o air_n enter_v at_o the_o touchhole_n that_o do_v expel_v the_o flame_n be_v evident_a 1._o because_o the_o air_n be_v shut_v out_o before_o by_o the_o bullet_n and_o tow_n 2._o the_o touchhole_n be_v stop_v at_o the_o next_o instant_n after_o the_o powder_n begin_v to_o kindle_v the_o flame_n be_v immediate_o suppress_v and_o extinguish_v or_o at_o least_o bursle_v up_o behind_o whence_o it_o do_v appear_v that_o it_o be_v the_o air_n enter_v do_v attenuate_v vulgar_o term_v rarefie_n and_o expand_v the_o flame_n which_o the_o advenient_a fire_n do_v augment_v and_o that_o the_o say_a air_n do_v expel_v the_o flame_n out_o at_o the_o muzzel_v 3._o that_o the_o air_n do_v make_v use_n of_o the_o weighty_a minim_n of_o the_o salt-peter_n in_o compress_v and_o expel_v the_o flame_n outward_o 4._o why_o be_v a_o hot_a glass_n burst_v by_o cast_v a_o drop_n of_o cold_a water_n upon_o it_o answ._n because_o the_o fiery_a minim_n contain_v within_o its_o pore_n be_v condense_v and_o violent_o compress_v by_o the_o gravity_n of_o the_o water_n whereby_o they_o be_v force_v to_o disrupt_v the_o glass_n why_o do_v a_o wooden_a arrow_n be_v shoot_v out_o of_o a_o gun_n pierce_v deep_o than_o a_o iron_n one_o answ._n because_o the_o wooden_a one_o give_v way_n into_o itself_o or_o shrink_v as_o it_o make_v a_o hole_n whence_o be_v render_v lesser_a pass_v the_o easy_a through_o whereas_o a_o iron_n one_o be_v stubborn_a and_o be_v rather_o somewhat_o flatn_v against_o the_o body_n aim_v at_o whence_o be_v render_v more_o obtuse_a and_o big_a at_o the_o point_n be_v hinder_v in_o penetrate_v labour_n &_o constantia_fw-la soli_fw-la deo_fw-la triuni_fw-la gloria_fw-la &_o honos_fw-la in_o saecula_fw-la saeculorum_fw-la amen_o errata_fw-la page_n 9_o line_n 12._o deal_n that_o p._n 11._o l._n 3._o read_v into_o p._n 21._o l._n 20._o after_o pelline_n etc._n etc._n must_v be_v insert_v those_o word_n below_o beginning_z l._n 30._o i_o be_v much_o abuse_v etc._n etc._n end_v at_o l._n 34._o at_o breathe_v p._n 35._o l._n 14._o r._n fire_n be_v rough_a p._n 44._o in_o marg_n r._n 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d fundo_fw-la p._n 135._o l._n 25._o r._n a_o man_n courageous_a p._n 144._o l._n 13._o r._n medicine_n p._n 145._o l._n 28._o r._n procatarctick_a p._n 148._o l._n 4._o r._n it_o be_v natural_a p._n 167._o l._n 18._o r._n the_o lumina_fw-la p._n 170._o l._n 21._o for_o be_v r._n be_v p._n 191._o l._n 26._o r._n cyzicum_n p._n 194._o l._n 15._o r._n in_o oil_n for_o that_o be_v a_o taste_n mix_v out_o of_o a_o waterish_a and_o airy_a taste_n the_o rest_n be_v
ordinary_a doubt_n move_v by_o the_o peripatetic_n through_o what_o medium_n a_o sound_n be_v defer_v to_o the_o hear_n their_o solution_n be_v that_o a_o sound_n be_v real_o defer_v through_o the_o air_n as_o through_o a_o medium_n but_o intentional_o through_o the_o water_n this_o seem_v to_o partake_v of_o no_o small_a absurdity_n for_o many_o of_o they_o do_v assert_v that_o a_o sound_n be_v subjective_o substance_n in_o the_o air_n if_o so_o then_o a_o sound_n will_v be_v say_v to_o be_v its_o own_o medium_n which_o be_v absurd_a for_o a_o medium_n be_v ever_o intend_v to_o be_v a_o different_a thing_n from_o that_o to_o which_o it_o be_v a_o medium_n metaph_n touch_v their_o solution_n it_o be_v partly_o false_a in_o that_o they_o affirm_v a_o sound_n to_o be_v intentional_o only_o defer_v through_o the_o water_n but_o why_o more_o intentional_o through_o the_o water_n then_o through_o the_o air_n i_o will_v first_o propose_v a_o instance_n infer_v water_n to_o be_v capable_a of_o receive_v a_o sound_n and_o then_o inquire_v further_o into_o the_o case_n frog_n croak_a under_o the_o water_n make_v a_o sound_n there_o which_o we_o hear_v above_o the_o water_n likewise_o we_o hear_v the_o sound_n of_o a_o pole_n hit_v against_o a_o stone_n under_o water_n certain_o none_o will_v deny_v but_o that_o the_o sound_v of_o these_o be_v real_o propagate_v by_o obtrude_a the_o air_n through_o its_o burst_v upward_o for_o we_o see_v the_o water_n plain_o burst_v or_o pluffe_n upward_o a_o little_a before_o we_o hear_v the_o noise_n make_v by_o a_o frog_n or_o pole_n ergo_fw-la the_o action_n of_o a_o sound_n be_v real_a as_o well_o in_o or_o through_o the_o water_n as_o through_o the_o air_n possible_o they_o may_v grant_v i_o that_o the_o noise_n make_v in_o the_o water_n be_v a_o real_a action_n but_o deny_v the_o noise_n make_v in_o the_o air_n and_o propagate_v through_o the_o water_n to_o be_v real_a assert_v it_o to_o be_v intentional_a only_o i_o prove_v it_o to_o be_v real_a a_o great_a sound_n make_v in_o the_o air_n do_v sensible_o cause_v a_o stream_n in_o the_o water_n ergo_fw-la its_o action_n be_v real_o continue_v upon_o the_o water_n but_o again_o a_o sound_n be_v make_v in_o the_o air_n its_o action_n be_v much_o obtuse_v because_o of_o the_o improportion_n between_o water_n be_v very_o thick_a and_o air_n be_v very_o thin_a so_o that_o a_o great_a noise_n in_o the_o air_n will_v make_v but_o a_o little_a noise_n in_o the_o water_n and_o a_o little_a noise_n in_o the_o air_n will_v make_v no_o sensible_a noise_n in_o the_o water_n but_o be_v this_o audible_a quality_n in_o the_o water_n intentional_a than_o the_o least_o sound_n in_o the_o air_n will_v be_v perceptible_a in_o the_o water_n but_o the_o one_o be_v false_a ergo_fw-la the_o other_o be_v false_a also_o that_o a_o great_a sound_n in_o the_o air_n be_v audible_a in_o the_o water_n yet_o but_o very_o obtuse_o be_v testify_v by_o ducker_n or_o divers_a under_o the_o water_n the_o same_o be_v second_v by_o pliny_n in_o his_o natural_a history_n 10._o b._n 70._o chap._n attribute_v hear_v and_o taste_v unto_o fish_n and_o relate_v that_o fish_n have_v be_v call_v together_o by_o a_o certain_a sound_n to_o take_v their_o food_n gellius_n lib._n 16._o noct_n attic_a c._n 19_o do_v also_o recite_v out_o of_o herodotus_n that_o arion_n be_v cast_v overboard_o by_o the_o seaman_n do_v through_o the_o harmonical_a sound_n of_o his_o music_n draw_v the_o dolphin_n to_o he_o whereof_o one_o take_v he_o upon_o his_o back_n and_o carry_v he_o safe_a to_o a_o harbour_n suppose_v this_o to_o be_v but_o a_o story_n nevertheless_o the_o allusion_n of_o the_o famous_a inventor_n witness_n that_o fish_n can_v hear_v under_o the_o water_n iu._n certain_o few_o will_v require_v any_o proof_n from_o i_o that_o a_o sound_n be_v a_o real_a concussion_n or_o pluff_v of_o the_o air_n since_o there_o be_v no_o great_a sound_n but_o it_o shake_v air_n house_n and_o the_o earth_n too_o whereon_o we_o stand_v and_o that_o sometime_o to_o a_o very_a great_a distance_n some_o year_n past_o it_o happen_v that_o the_o magazine_n of_o delf_n a_o town_n in_o the_o low-countries_n be_v blow_v up_o by_o a_o accidental_a fire_n sight_v upon_o the_o gunpowder_n the_o great_a sound_n or_o concussion_n of_o the_o air_n cause_v through_o this_o blast_n be_v extend_v to_o many_o mile_n insomuch_o that_o it_o be_v very_o perfect_o perceive_v at_o amsterdam_n the_o same_o blast_n force_v open_a one_o of_o the_o window_n of_o the_o chamber_n where_o a_o acquaintance_n of_o i_o lie_v then_o at_o the_o hague_n with_o that_o violence_n that_o its_o rebound_v against_o the_o wall_n break_v most_o of_o the_o pane_n at_o dunkirk_n the_o sound_n raise_v by_o blow_v up_o of_o two_o or_o three_o barrel_n of_o gunpowder_n kill_v a_o boy_n although_o at_o some_o distance_n from_o it_o which_o accident_n happen_v because_o the_o concussion_n or_o pluff_v of_o the_o air_n be_v continuate_v with_o that_o force_n that_o it_o do_v in_o that_o manner_n violent_o concusse_v or_o rather_o disrupt_v the_o animal_n and_o vital_a spirit_n of_o the_o boy_n body_n which_o in_o a_o manner_n be_v as_o i_o say_v before_o a_o continuous_a air_n intermix_v with_o some_o contiguity_n of_o fire_n and_o earth_n i_o have_v former_o tell_v you_o that_o the_o propagation_n of_o air_n or_o any_o quality_n or_o effect_n inherent_a and_o impress_v in_o and_o upon_o the_o air_n reach_v no_o further_a than_o its_o continuity_n be_v extend_v and_o work_v only_o upon_o other_o continuous_a body_n the_o reason_n be_v because_o the_o same_o action_n be_v continue_v only_o upon_o body_n which_o be_v of_o the_o same_o nature_n and_o which_o receive_v that_o action_n in_o the_o same_o manner_n wherefore_o air_n and_o water_n be_v both_o continuous_a and_o unite_a in_o continuity_n do_v receive_v the_o effect_n act_v upon_o their_o continuity_n alike_o and_o in_o the_o same_o manner_n that_o be_v to_o say_v as_o far_o as_o they_o be_v both_o continuous_a and_o the_o effect_n be_v act_v upon_o their_o continuity_n in_o a_o like_a manner_n save_v that_o the_o tenuity_n of_o the_o one_o and_o crassitude_n of_o the_o other_o do_v hinder_v or_o facilitate_v augment_v or_o diminish_v the_o say_a action_n thus_o continuate_v from_o one_o to_o the_o other_o further_o as_o much_o as_o one_o be_v deprive_v from_o its_o continuity_n by_o have_v its_o body_n intermix_v with_o contiguous_a indivisibles_fw-fr so_o much_o there_o be_v detract_v from_o the_o intenseness_n of_o the_o act_n continuate_v unto_o it_o by_o another_o continuous_a body_n three_o as_o the_o various_a incidence_n of_o light_n do_v alter_v the_o face_n of_o colour_n so_o do_v the_o various_a continuation_n of_o other_o various_a body_n various_o qualify_v in_o their_o continuity_n by_o have_v other_o contiguous_a body_n immix_v in_o they_o alter_v the_o property_n of_o the_o sound_n continue_v in_o they_o last_o since_o a_o sound_n be_v a_o effect_n impress_v upon_o the_o continuity_n of_o the_o air_n nothing_o be_v more_o averse_a to_o it_o or_o drown_v it_o soon_o than_o a_o contiguous_a body_n by_o help_v of_o these_o theorem_n you_o may_v now_o resolve_v the_o node_n of_o several_a difficulty_n touch_v sound_n 1._o why_o do_v earth_n or_o fire_n dead_a a_o sound_n more_o than_o water_n glass_n or_o paper_n or_o why_o be_v a_o sound_a propagable_a through_o water_n glass_n or_o paper_n and_o be_v quite_o deaden_v by_o earth_n in_o a_o manner_n that_o by_o how_o much_o earth_n or_o fire_n flame_n there_o be_v contain_v in_o a_o body_n by_o so_o much_o a_o sound_n be_v deaden_v by_o that_o body_n and_o by_o how_o much_o water_n or_o air_n there_o be_v contain_v in_o a_o intermediate_v body_n by_o so_o much_o a_o sound_n be_v propagate_v further_a the_o reason_n be_v because_o a_o propagate_v sound_n be_v nothing_o else_o but_o the_o vibration_n of_o air_n continuous_o continue_v upon_o a_o continuous_a body_n to_o which_o continuity_n contiguity_n be_v contrary_a i_o will_v explain_v it_o to_o you_o by_o a_o conquassation_n of_o water_n whereby_o it_o be_v concuss_a into_o stream_n these_o stream_n so_o concuss_a be_v propagate_v into_o other_o more_o remote_a stream_n but_o if_o you_o interpose_v a_o board_n near_o the_o centrical_a stream_n in_o will_v hinder_v the_o propagation_n of_o the_o same_o stream_n because_o it_o do_v divide_v the_o continuity_n of_o water_n even_o so_o it_o be_v with_o water_n glass_n and_o paper_z those_o be_v continuous_a do_v propagate_v the_o air_n quality_n in_o as_o much_o as_o they_o be_v continuous_a but_o let_v we_o dive_v a_o little_a further_o into_o this_o and_o question_n whether_o the_o continuity_n of_o the_o thick_a waterish_a substance_n of_o glass_n and_o of_o
water_n be_v the_o cause_n of_o the_o propagation_n of_o this_o continuity_n in_o sound_n or_o of_o the_o air_n admit_v within_o the_o subtle_a invisible_a pore_n of_o glass_n or_o of_o both_o i_o answer_v of_o both_o but_o of_o the_o one_o primary_o and_o pierce_v of_o the_o other_o secundary_o and_o per_fw-la accidens_fw-la first_o i_o prove_v it_o be_v of_o the_o thick_a waterish_a part_n for_o a_o great_a noise_n as_o perhaps_o of_o a_o gun_n will_v bend_v the_o glass_n of_o a_o window_n which_o glass_n through_o its_o continuity_n again_o communicate_v the_o same_o impression_n to_o the_o adjacent_a air_n in_o little_a sound_n the_o waterish_a part_n of_o a_o glass_n be_v not_o move_v but_o the_o airy_a part_n contain_v within_o it_o which_o propagate_v the_o same_o motion_n into_o the_o next_o adjacent_a part_n for_o it_o be_v improbable_a the_o motion_n of_o every_o small_a sound_n shall_v move_v so_o solid_a a_o body_n as_o that_o of_o glass_n unless_o it_o be_v the_o air_n contain_v within_o its_o subtle_a porosity_n likewise_o in_o water_n itself_o as_o it_o be_v now_o the_o sound_n which_o be_v propagate_v through_o it_o or_o from_o it_o be_v not_o always_o the_o motion_n of_o water_n itself_o but_o of_o the_o air_n contain_v within_o the_o water_n for_o it_o be_v also_o improbable_a that_o every_o slight_a sound_n shall_v be_v sufficient_a to_o move_v the_o weighty_a body_n of_o water_n beside_o be_v it_o not_o through_o the_o air_n but_o through_o the_o water_n a_o sound_n can_v not_o be_v propagate_v in_o so_o short_a a_o space_n the_o reason_n why_o the_o sound_n cause_v by_o a_o soft_a percussion_n of_o the_o air_n upon_o one_o end_n of_o a_o long_a beam_n or_o of_o a_o mast_n be_v so_o ready_o hear_v by_o another_o apply_v his_o ear_n to_o the_o other_o end_n of_o it_o be_v because_o that_o sound_n be_v propagate_v by_o the_o percussed_a air_n slide_v down_o along_o the_o surface_n of_o the_o say_a beam_n or_o mast_n not_o because_o the_o sound_n be_v propagate_v through_o the_o internal_a continuity_n of_o the_o beam_n or_o mast_n for_o that_o be_v impossible_a for_o the_o sound_n to_o reach_v to_o the_o other_o end_n through_o so_o thick_a a_o body_n in_o so_o short_a a_o time_n or_o by_o so_o gentle_a a_o percussion_n but_o be_v the_o sound_n make_v by_o the_o force_n of_o a_o great_a hammer_n it_o be_v not_o improbable_a but_o the_o sound_n will_v pass_v through_o the_o body_n of_o it_o the_o noise_n of_o a_o troop_n of_o horse_n march_v over_o a_o plain_a hard_a sandy_a ground_n may_v be_v hear_v at_o a_o far_a distance_n because_o the_o sound_n be_v continuate_o propagate_v by_o the_o air_n impel_v along_o the_o surface_n of_o the_o earth_n there_o be_v no_o contiguous_a body_n interpose_v to_o dead_a its_o sound_n or_o interrupt_v its_o continuation_n for_o otherwise_o any_o length_n of_o grass_n or_o quantity_n of_o corn_n stand_v in_o the_o field_n between_o the_o hearer_n and_o the_o horse_n will_v interrupt_v and_o dead_a the_o sound_n the_o same_o reason_n may_v be_v apply_v to_o resolve_v one_o why_o a_o sound_n make_v in_o the_o air_n by_o one_o upon_o the_o water_n be_v hear_v from_o a_o further_a distance_n than_o if_o make_v upon_o the_o land_n because_o the_o earth_n be_v contiguous_a do_v somewhat_o dead_a and_o interrupt_v the_o propagation_n of_o a_o sound_n but_o the_o water_n be_v continuous_a and_o smooth_a do_v rather_o further_o it_o because_o it_o do_v slide_v and_o reflect_v the_o sound_n from_o she_o and_o so_o make_v it_o great_a and_o swift_a than_o otherwise_o it_o will_v be_v if_o propagate_v through_o the_o air_n alone_o water_n attenuate_v by_o the_o air_n make_v a_o real_a sound_n to_o those_o that_o be_v under_o water_n because_o it_o concuss_n the_o auditory_a air_n v._o this_o pluss_n up_o of_o air_n in_o a_o sound_n be_v distinguish_v from_o the_o obtension_n of_o it_o by_o light_n 1._o in_o that_o in_o obtension_n the_o air_n move_v to_o the_o body_n obtend_v whereas_o in_o pluss_v the_o air_n move_v from_o the_o percutient_fw-la 2._o a_o pluss_n be_v a_o more_o course_n action_n whereas_o the_o other_o be_v much_o more_o subtle_a for_o they_o be_v both_o motion_n almost_o of_o the_o same_o kind_n differ_v only_o in_o tenuity_n and_o crassitude_n whence_o i_o infer_v that_o there_o be_v no_o other_o difference_n between_o the_o optic_n and_o auditory_a spirit_n or_o air_n than_o that_o the_o optic_a air_n be_v by_o far_o subtle_a the_o other_o more_o course_n both_o have_v membrane_n to_o qualify_v their_o object_n hence_o let_v we_o examine_v whether_o it_o be_v possible_a for_o a_o man_n to_o see_v or_o discern_v a_o voice_n or_o sound_v with_o his_o eye_n or_o to_o hear_v a_o colour_n a_o man_n who_o have_v all_o his_o sense_n well_o qualify_v if_o he_o make_v trial_n of_o the_o query_n will_v bring_v in_o his_o verdict_n for_o the_o impossibility_n of_o it_o wherefore_o let_v we_o propose_v the_o doubt_n in_o a_o more_o probable_a state_n to_o wit_n whether_o a_o man_n who_o optic_a spirit_n be_v thick_a and_o his_o membrane_n thin_a and_o somewhat_o denser_n be_v capable_a of_o perceive_v and_o discern_v a_o voice_n or_o sound_v through_o his_o sight_n 2._o whether_o a_o man_n who_o auditory_a spirit_n be_v very_o thin_a and_o membrane_n more_o thick_a and_o transparent_a than_o ordinary_a be_v capable_a of_o perceive_v colour_n and_o light_n i_o affirm_v it_o and_o will_v make_v it_o appear_v to_o you_o by_o experience_n and_o reason_n i_o have_v oft_o be_v tell_v that_o the_o constable_n of_o castille_n his_o brother_n can_v perfect_o discern_v sound_n and_o voice_n by_o his_o eye_n how_o this_o come_v to_o pass_v i_o shall_v easy_o demonstrate_v by_o consider_v first_o the_o disposition_n of_o his_o ocular_a membrane_n and_o optic_a spirit_n the_o membrane_n of_o his_o eye_n be_v somewhat_o thin_a and_o course_n not_o overmuch_o transparent_a stand_v deep_a in_o his_o head_n whence_o this_o happen_v i_o do_v far_o explain_v to_o you_o he_o be_v deaf_a in_o such_o a_o degree_n that_o the_o great_a thunder_n can_v not_o be_v perceive_v by_o he_o when_o his_o eye_n be_v shut_v this_o deafness_n arise_v from_o a_o total_a coalition_n of_o his_o auditory_a passage_n and_o want_v of_o a_o tympanum_fw-la the_o matter_n of_o this_o tympanum_fw-la be_v convert_v by_o the_o plastic_a virtue_n in_o his_o formation_n to_o the_o constitution_n of_o the_o membrane_n of_o his_o eye_n whence_o the_o say_v membrane_n appear_v deadish_a course_n and_o skinny_a in_o short_a the_o tympanum_fw-la of_o his_o ear_n be_v in_o a_o manner_n transfer_v to_o his_o eye_n his_o optic_a spirit_n must_v then_o of_o a_o necessity_n be_v thick_a or_o less_o thin_a than_o ordinary_a for_o to_o be_v proportionable_a to_o that_o membrane_n for_o all_o part_n of_o the_o body_n be_v informate_v with_o spirit_n proportionable_a to_o their_o consistency_n and_o in_o effect_v their_o modus_fw-la consistentiae_fw-la be_v cause_v from_o the_o modus_fw-la consistentiae_fw-la spirituum_fw-la fixorum_fw-la his_o eye_n stand_v deep_a in_o his_o head_n and_o so_o thereby_o frame_v a_o grove_n wherein_o the_o sound_n be_v congregat_v in_o fine_a his_o eye_n be_v the_o great_a half_a eye_n and_o the_o less_o half_a ear_n that_o all_o this_o be_v agreeable_a his_o other_o act_n do_v testify_v because_o his_o sight_n be_v imperfect_a he_o can_v not_o see_v at_o a_o distance_n object_n unless_o they_o be_v great_a and_o lustrous_a can_v not_o be_v perfect_o discern_v by_o he_o on_o the_o other_o side_n his_o hear_n through_o his_o eye_n be_v by_o far_o more_o imperfect_a a_o moderate_a sound_n he_o do_v not_o perceive_v a_o loud_a sound_n or_o voice_n he_o be_v alone_o sensible_a of_o since_o than_o he_o be_v capable_a of_o perceive_v sound_n through_o his_o eye_n no_o wonder_n if_o he_o learn_v his_o speech_n from_o thence_o for_o speech_n be_v nothing_o else_o but_o a_o echo_a of_o a_o voice_n speak_v by_o another_o and_o perceive_v by_o spirit_n dispose_v to_o receive_v its_o impression_n by_o express_v the_o same_o impression_n again_o by_o the_o tongue_n in_o the_o same_o manner_n as_o it_o be_v impress_v now_o his_o speech_n be_v very_o imperfect_a and_o unequal_a do_v testify_v that_o the_o voice_n perceive_v by_o his_o eye_n be_v imperfect_a and_o unequal_a that_o it_o be_v possible_a for_o a_o animal_n to_o see_v colour_n with_o its_o ear_n be_v evident_a in_o a_o mole_n who_o ear_n not_o be_v very_o deep_a but_o its_o tympanum_fw-la somewhat_o transparent_a be_v thereby_o dispose_v to_o distinguish_v light_n from_o darkness_n and_o one_o colour_n from_o another_o that_o it_o perceive_v colour_n and_o light_n be_v grant_v by_o all_o which_o it_o can_v do_v by_o its_o eye_n for_o it_o have_v none_o ergo_fw-la it_o must_v