indian_n orancan_n it_o be_v often_o in_o the_o oriental_a sea_n especial_o in_o the_o sea_n of_o sian_n china_n and_o japan_n between_o malacca_n and_o japan_n this_o violent_o break_v almost_o from_o the_o western_a quarter_n and_o be_v whirl_v about_o the_o horizon_n with_o a_o rapid_a course_n perfect_v its_o circumference_n by_o continual_a increase_n in_o the_o space_n of_o twenty_o hour_n raise_v those_o vast_a sea_n with_o a_o horrid_a violence_n and_o swell_n the_o billow_n beat_v one_o another_o take_v away_o all_o hope_n of_o safety_n from_o the_o mariner_n and_o so_o both_o by_o reason_n of_o these_o typhon_n and_o also_o other_o storm_n sail_v from_o india_n to_o japan_n be_v very_o dangerous_a so_o that_o it_o be_v account_v a_o happy_a voyage_n if_o that_o one_o ship_n of_o three_o keep_v its_o course_n at_o the_o autumnal_a season_n a_o most_o furious_a typhon_n do_v especial_o predominate_a and_o that_o often_o with_o so_o great_a violence_n that_o those_o that_o have_v not_o see_v it_o can_v hardly_o believe_v it_o so_o that_o it_o be_v no_o wonder_n that_o some_o mighty_a ship_n have_v be_v weaken_v by_o those_o great_a wave_n you_o will_v think_v in_o this_o storm_n that_o heaven_n and_o earth_n will_v meet_v neither_o do_v it_o only_a rage_n on_o the_o sea_n but_o also_o on_o the_o shore_n and_o overwhelm_v many_o house_n and_o throw_v up_o huge_a tree_n by_o the_o root_n and_o force_v great_a ship_n from_o the_o sea_n on_o the_o land_n for_o about_o a_o quarter_n of_o a_o mile_n the_o mariner_n term_v it_o a_o wind_n that_o run_v round_o the_o compass_n in_o the_o indian_a ocean_n it_o seldom_o continue_v above_o six_o hour_n and_o make_v the_o sea_n so_o level_a at_o the_o first_o as_o if_o that_o it_o be_v plain_v but_o on_o a_o sudden_a horrible_a wave_n do_v follow_v so_o about_o the_o city_n ardibil_n in_o persia_n in_o june_n and_o july_n every_o day_n when_o that_o the_o sun_n be_v at_o his_o meridian_n height_n a_o whirlwind_n arise_v for_o a_o hour_n by_o which_o a_o great_a dust_n be_v raise_v questionless_a the_o cause_n of_o a_o typhon_n be_v that_o a_o wind_n break_v forth_o with_o violence_n from_o some_o one_o quarter_n towards_o another_o findeth_z a_o obstruction_n in_o this_o and_o therefore_o be_v wreathe_v and_o turn_v into_o itself_o as_o we_o see_v that_o if_o water_n be_v sudden_o move_v if_o that_o a_o obstacle_n be_v put_v in_o its_o way_n it_o move_v in_o a_o round_a sudden_o and_o with_o a_o force_n it_o may_v be_v that_o a_o typhon_n may_v arise_v from_o opposite_a wind_n blow_v together_o violent_o which_o render_v the_o superficies_n of_o the_o sea_n so_o plain_a and_o comprehend_v the_o ship_n in_o the_o middle_n if_o that_o it_o rush_v from_o above_o it_o be_v call_v caetegis_n and_o then_o it_o make_v the_o sea_n so_o plain_a as_o if_o that_o it_o have_v be_v plain_v but_o present_o mighty_a flood_n or_o wave_n arise_v proposition_n xiii_o whether_o that_o some_o wind_n break_v forth_o from_o the_o earth_n or_o water_n water_n of_o wind_n break_v forth_o from_o the_o earth_n or_o water_n we_o easy_o apprehend_v that_o this_o may_v easy_o be_v see_v that_o cavity_n be_v here_o and_o also_o wind_n sulphureous_a substance_n and_o moisture_n now_o nothing_o hinder_v but_o that_o a_o gust_n sufficient_o vehement_a may_v be_v there_o generate_v viz._n if_o that_o it_o be_v any_o thing_n hinder_v as_o it_o be_v procreate_v to_o go_v forth_o or_o if_o that_o it_o be_v present_o generate_v in_o a_o great_a quantity_n as_o much_o as_o the_o wind_n require_v if_o that_o the_o outlet_n be_v hinder_v a_o earthquake_n be_v generate_v or_o a_o wind_n with_o a_o violent_a force_n make_v weigh_v for_o itself_o and_o thrust_v forward_o the_o earth_n so_o oftentimes_o a_o smoke_n break_v forth_o from_o the_o earth_n in_o the_o isle_n of_o maarice_n so_o also_o from_o some_o cave_n in_o japan_n be_v a_o fountain_n break_v forth_o at_o certain_a hour_n of_o the_o day_n with_o great_a noise_n yet_o i_o do_v not_o remember_v that_o i_o have_v read_v of_o any_o wind_n break_v forth_o out_o of_o the_o sea_n proposition_n fourteen_o whether_o that_o a_o certain_a wind_n may_v arise_v from_o the_o flow_n of_o the_o sea_n and_o of_o the_o river_n rivers_n of_o a_o wind_n that_o flow_v from_o the_o sea_n and_o rivers_n experience_a testify_v that_o in_o those_o place_n where_o the_o flux_n and_o reflux_n of_o the_o sea_n be_v discover_v if_o at_o any_o time_n the_o air_n be_v free_a from_o other_o wind_n from_o the_o most_o part_n with_o the_o water_n flow_v from_o the_o sea_n a_o wind_n also_o blow_v from_o the_o sea_n therefore_o it_o seem_v probable_a that_o the_o air_n by_o reason_n of_o the_o contiguity_n be_v carry_v with_o the_o water_n to_o the_o same_o quarter_n but_o this_o shall_v be_v more_o diligent_o observe_v whether_o when_o that_o the_o air_n be_v still_o the_o same_o wind_n be_v discover_v with_o the_o afflux_n of_o the_o sea_n i_o think_v yet_o that_o another_o cause_n of_o this_o wind_n may_v be_v give_v viz._n that_o the_o air_n be_v force_v from_o the_o place_n by_o the_o flow_a water_n now_o the_o air_n be_v much_o move_v at_o a_o very_a little_a impression_n so_o they_o will_v have_v the_o air_n move_v with_o the_o river_n that_o run_v swift_o proposition_n xv._o why_o ignes_fw-la fatui_fw-la castor_n and_o pollux_n and_o helena_n be_v among_o tempest_n the_o portugal_n call_v they_o corpo_fw-it santo_n the_o spaniard_n st._n elmo_n now_o not_o only_o one_o but_o many_o be_v oftentimes_o behold_v in_o ship_n at_o the_o mast_n wander_v with_o a_o uncertain_a motion_n as_o other_o ignes_fw-la fatui_fw-la although_o that_o sometime_o they_o may_v seem_v to_o fix_v on_o the_o sail_n and_o mast_n but_o sometime_o leap_v up_o and_o down_o they_o appear_v like_o a_o flame_n or_o a_o candle_n burn_v obscure_o if_o that_o four_o such_o vicine_fw-la light_n be_v see_v the_o portugal_n term_v they_o cora_n de_fw-fr nostra_fw-la seneora_n the_o crown_n of_o our_o bless_a lady_n or_o virgin_n mary_n and_o these_o they_o account_v of_o as_o a_o most_o certain_a sign_n of_o the_o tempest_n to_o cease_v the_o cause_n of_o those_o fire_n be_v a_o sulphureous_a part_n full_a of_o bitumen_n force_v downward_o through_o that_o great_a motion_n of_o the_o air_n and_o force_v or_o fire_v into_o one_o by_o agitation_n or_o congregation_n so_o we_o see_v by_o agitation_n that_o the_o butter_n of_o milk_n be_v separate_v from_o this_o phaenomenon_n be_v also_o collect_v that_o for_o the_o most_o part_n those_o violent_a tempest_n proceed_v from_o a_o sulphureous_a spirit_n rarefy_v and_o move_v the_o cloud_n proposition_n xvi_o why_o there_o be_v so_o frequent_a a_o calm_a in_o the_o sea_n near_o guinee_n and_o under_o the_o aequator_fw-la in_o the_o atlantic_a ocean_n between_o america_n and_o africa_n ocean_n frequent_a '_o calm_v in_o the_o atlantic_a ocean_n this_o be_v one_o of_o the_o phaenomenon_n about_o wind_n of_o no_o small_a difficulty_n that_o at_o guinee_n which_o be_v two_o degree_n from_o the_o aequator_fw-la and_o under_o the_o aequator_fw-la be_v almost_o a_o perpetual_a calm_a especial_o in_o april_n may_n and_o june_n where_o no_o motion_n be_v find_v there_o when_o that_o no_o such_o thing_n be_v observe_v in_o other_o part_n of_o the_o ocean_n situate_a under_o the_o aequator_fw-la indeed_o a_o ecnephias_n be_v sometime_o sufficient_o frequent_v there_o but_o this_o also_o be_v desire_v oftentimes_o by_o the_o seaman_n because_o that_o by_o the_o force_n of_o frequent_a ecnephiae_fw-la they_o endeavour_v to_o sail_v beyond_o the_o aequator_fw-la for_o it_o happen_v very_o often_o that_o ship_n sail_v from_o europe_n to_o india_n be_v detain_v a_o whole_a month_n at_o the_o aequator_fw-la before_o that_o they_o can_v pass_v it_o now_o especial_o they_o avoid_v the_o coast_n of_o guinee_n and_o the_o calm_a there_o and_o therefore_o with_o some_o hindrance_n to_o their_o voyage_n they_o sail_v towards_o brazil_n yea_o some_o ship_n be_v detain_v here_o for_o three_o month_n before_o that_o they_o can_v depart_v from_o the_o coast_n into_o the_o mid-sea_n i_o have_v not_o yet_o find_v out_o the_o cause_n of_o the_o phaenomenon_n unless_o perchance_o this_o be_v it_o that_o snow_n be_v find_v intercept_v in_o no_o mountain_n of_o africa_n between_o guinee_n and_o barbary_n which_o may_v generate_v the_o wind_n proposition_n xvii_o in_o some_o region_n the_o tempest_n be_v anniversary_n region_n of_o tempest_n anniversary_n in_o some_o region_n we_o have_v give_v some_o example_n of_o these_o in_o our_o former_a proposition_n viz._n 1._o concern_v the_o mutation_n of_o motion_n 2._o concern_v our_o ecnephias_n 3._o concern_v a_o typhon_n 4._o at_o the_o promontory_n of_o good-hope_a in_o june_n and_o july_n 5._o in_o the_o isle_n
many_o place_n but_o in_o some_o in_o great_a quantity_n than_o in_o other_o malabar_n serpent_n on_o the_o coast_n of_o malabar_n on_o the_o coast_n of_o malabar_n and_o at_o cambaja_n serpent_n be_v discover_v on_o the_o superficies_n of_o the_o water_n this_o be_v a_o sign_n to_o seaman_n that_o they_o be_v near_o to_o those_o region_n about_o four_o mile_n from_o new_a spain_n many_o root_n bulrush_n and_o leave_n like_v unto_o figleaf_n float_n on_o the_o water_n which_o they_o eat_v and_o be_v in_o taste_n like_o unto_o colewort_n in_o the_o description_n of_o the_o first_o navigation_n of_o the_o dutch_a unto_o the_o strait_n of_o magellan_n we_o read_v that_o on_o the_o 12_o of_o january_n in_o anno_fw-la 1599_o the_o water_n of_o the_o ocean_n not_o far_o from_o the_o silver-river_n or_o rio_n de_fw-fr laplata_fw-la in_o brasil_n appear_v of_o a_o red_a and_o bloody_a colour_n but_o be_v draw_v up_o in_o a_o bucket_n or_o the_o like_a when_o that_o they_o have_v more_o thorough_o view_v it_o they_o find_v that_o a_o innumerable_a multitude_n of_o worm_n of_o a_o red_a colour_n be_v contain_v in_o that_o water_n and_o be_v take_v up_o in_o the_o hand_n they_o leap_v like_a unto_o flea_n and_o these_o seaman_n call_v sea-flea_n and_o they_o be_v suppose_v to_o come_v from_o a_o innumerable_a company_n of_o small_a crab_n which_o be_v find_v on_o the_o south_n continent_n fill_v the_o sea_n here_o be_v no_o place_n to_o treat_v of_o the_o animal_n of_o which_o there_o be_v various_a kind_n in_o divers_a place_n of_o the_o sea_n proposition_n xvii_o why_o the_o sea_n in_o the_o night_n season_n seem_v to_o glitter_v especial_o if_o that_o the_o wave_n be_v raise_v the_o more_o vehement_o by_o the_o wind_n shine_v the_o sea_n in_o the_o night_n seem_v to_o glitter_v or_o shine_v this_o question_n require_v the_o knowledge_n of_o that_o difficulty_n concern_v the_o cause_n of_o colour_n divers_a be_v the_o resolution_n of_o philosopher_n concern_v they_o but_o as_o for_o the_o explication_n of_o the_o propose_a phenomenon_n or_o question_n that_o opinion_n seem_v the_o most_o commodious_a which_o show_v how_o colour_n do_v exist_v or_o rather_o appear_v from_o a_o certain_a and_o various_a motion_n but_o we_o leave_v the_o accurate_a explication_n of_o the_o same_o to_o naturalist_n proposition_n xviii_o the_o ocean_n or_o rather_o all_o water_n cast_v out_o terrestrial_a body_n on_o the_o shore_n especial_o in_o the_o full_a moon_n shore_n terrestrial_a body_n be_v cast_v out_o of_o the_o ocean_n on_o the_o shore_n it_o be_v not_o difficult_a to_o render_v a_o account_n of_o this_o property_n which_o experience_n sufficient_o testify_v for_o water_n be_v never_o without_o some_o motion_n which_o if_o it_o be_v swift_a and_o towards_o one_o quarter_n it_o carry_v terrestrial_a body_n with_o it_o until_o it_o meet_v with_o the_o shore_n where_o by_o reason_n of_o the_o cease_v vigour_n of_o the_o motion_n of_o the_o water_n those_o terrestrial_a body_n be_v lay_v down_o but_o in_o the_o ocean_n the_o wave_n be_v carry_v hither_o and_o thither_o by_o these_o the_o terrestrial_a body_n be_v carry_v after_o the_o same_o mode_n and_o because_o that_o all_o wave_n tend_v to_o some_o coast_n of_o land_n therefore_o all_o terrestrial_a body_n be_v carry_v towards_o the_o shore_n in_o the_o full_a moon_n be_v the_o great_a motion_n of_o the_o ocean_n therefore_o vain_a be_v their_o opinion_n who_o believe_v the_o ocean_n to_o be_v a_o animal_n and_o to_o have_v sense_n by_o which_o it_o purge_v itself_o from_o all_o dregs_o terrestrial_a body_n but_o here_o the_o cause_n be_v sufficient_o manifest_a chap._n fourteen_o of_o the_o motion_n of_o the_o sea_n in_o general_n and_o in_o particular_a of_o the_o flux_n and_o reflux_n proposition_n i._o water_n have_v no_o natural_a motion_n except_o one_o by_o which_o it_o move_v from_o a_o more_o high_a place_n unto_o these_o that_o be_v more_o low_a but_o if_o the_o vicine_fw-la place_n or_o body_n be_v equal_a or_o of_o a_o great_a altitude_n than_o the_o superficies_n of_o the_o water_n than_o the_o water_n natural_o rest_v that_o be_v it_o be_v not_o move_v except_o that_o it_o be_v compel_v by_o a_o violent_a cause_n one_o water_n have_v no_o natural_a motion_n except_o one_o the_o truth_n of_o this_o proposition_n be_v manifest_a from_o vulgar_a experience_n for_o if_o that_o a_o vessel_n contain_v water_n be_v move_v the_o water_n so_o long_o fluctuate_v in_o it_o until_o no_o part_n be_v high_a than_o the_o other_o that_o be_v until_o they_o compose_v a_o spherical_a figure_n or_o superficies_n as_o we_o have_v say_v in_o the_o thirteen_o chapter_n for_o although_o this_o motion_n have_v a_o violent_a cause_n viz._n the_o motion_n of_o the_o air_n about_o the_o earth_n yet_o because_o that_o there_o be_v a_o great_a question_n concern_v this_o cause_n and_o it_o be_v so_o manifest_a in_o the_o water_n that_o it_o seem_v not_o to_o come_v unto_o it_o from_o a_o external_a cause_n so_o for_o to_o distinguish_v this_o motion_n of_o the_o water_n from_o other_o motion_n we_o term_v it_o natural_a now_o this_o motion_n be_v unto_o that_o quarter_n unto_o which_o the_o place_n more_o depress_v be_v situate_v proposition_n ii_o when_o part_n of_o the_o ocean_n be_v move_v the_o whole_a ocean_n be_v move_v or_o all_o the_o other_o part_n of_o it_o be_v also_o move_v but_o by_o so_o much_o the_o more_o that_o every_o one_o be_v near_a the_o part_n move_v for_o because_o that_o if_o part_n of_o the_o ocean_n be_v move_v it_o do_v necessary_o change_v place_n and_o therefore_o this_o place_n be_v more_o low_a than_o the_o place_n of_o the_o vicine_fw-la water_n this_o near_a water_n shall_v be_v move_v into_o this_o place_n and_o the_o vicine_fw-la water_n of_o that_o into_o the_o place_n of_o that_o and_o so_o forward_o in_o the_o other_o part_n but_o there_o be_v lesser_a motion_n in_o the_o place_n of_o the_o more_o remote_a part_n proposition_n iii_o to_o observe_v the_o quarter_n into_o which_o the_o sea_n that_o be_v move_v tend_v tend_v the_o quarter_n into_o which_o the_o sea_n that_o be_v move_v tend_v choose_v a_o time_n if_o you_o can_v when_o no_o violent_a wind_n blow_v and_o cast_v into_o the_o water_n a_o body_n almost_o of_o the_o same_o gravity_n with_o the_o water_n let_v the_o place_n be_v observe_v where_o it_o be_v cast_v in_o to_o wit_n let_v the_o boat_n remain_v there_o immovable_a then_o when_o that_o this_o body_n be_v carry_v by_o the_o sea_n a_o moderate_a space_n from_o the_o place_n where_o it_o be_v cast_v in_o then_o let_v another_o boat_n be_v place_v of_o that_o and_o let_v the_o quarter_n be_v observe_v into_o which_o the_o situation_n of_o this_o second_o boat_n verge_v from_o the_o former_a for_o this_o also_o shall_v be_v the_o quarter_n in_o which_o we_o say_v that_o the_o sea_n at_o that_o time_n be_v move_v proposition_n iu._n the_o motion_n of_o the_o sea_n be_v either_o direct_a or_o a_o vortex_n or_o a_o concussion_n i_o call_v that_o direct_v which_o tend_v unto_o some_o quarter_n a_o vortex_n when_o the_o water_n move_v into_o a_o round_a and_o be_v in_o some_o part_n reject_v a_o concussion_n when_o it_o tremble_v but_o lay_v aside_o the_o two_o latter_a unto_o the_o end_n of_o the_o chapter_n we_o shall_v treat_v of_o the_o direct_a motion_n and_o therefore_o we_o shall_v call_v this_o by_o a_o general_a term_n the_o motion_n of_o the_o sea_n proposition_n v._o of_o the_o motion_n which_o we_o find_v in_o the_o sea_n some_o be_v general_a some_o proper_a and_o singular_a other_o some_o contingent_a sea_n general_n proper_a and_o singular_a motion_n of_o the_o sea_n i_o call_v that_o general_n which_o be_v find_v almost_o in_o all_o the_o part_n of_o the_o ocean_n and_o that_o at_o all_o time_n i_o call_v those_o proper_a and_o special_a motion_n by_o which_o only_a some_o part_n of_o the_o ocean_n be_v move_v and_o they_o be_v twofold_a perpetual_a and_o anniversary_n the_o former_a be_v those_o which_o persist_v without_o mutation_n or_o cessation_n the_o other_o which_o be_v find_v at_o certain_a month_n or_o day_n of_o the_o year_n in_o some_o certain_a sea_n i_o call_v those_o motion_n of_o the_o sea_n contingent_a which_o without_o any_o certain_a order_n sometime_o do_v cease_v and_o other_o some_o begin_v such_o be_v infinite_a proposition_n vi_o wind_n be_v the_o cause_n of_o the_o contingent_a motion_n of_o the_o sea_n force_v the_o sea_n to_o a_o quarter_n opposite_a to_o the_o wind_n neither_o be_v the_o sea_n ever_o free_a from_o such_o motion_n sea_n wind_n be_v the_o cause_n of_o the_o motion_n of_o the_o sea_n for_o see_v that_o the_o air_n touch_v the_o sea_n and_o the_o wind_n be_v nothing_o else_o but_o a_o strong_a commotion_n of_o
dissolve_v snow_n and_o this_o they_o take_v for_o a_o sign_n of_o it_o that_o rain_n and_o dissolve_v snow_n do_v much_o augment_v the_o river_n that_o oftentimes_o they_o extend_v beyond_o their_o channel_n and_o overflow_v region_n also_o that_o river_n do_v much_o decrease_v and_o some_o lesser_a sort_n of_o they_o be_v altogether_o dry_v up_o when_o no_o rain_n for_o a_o long_a while_n in_o the_o summer_n season_n have_v fall_v because_o that_o their_o channel_n be_v not_o very_o profound_a and_o therefore_o have_v collect_v little_a water_n but_o those_o that_o have_v a_o deep_a channel_n be_v not_o dry_v up_o in_o the_o summer_n by_o reason_n that_o they_o have_v gather_v so_o much_o water_n from_o the_o rain_n that_o fall_v and_o dissolve_v snow_n so_o that_o all_o can_v be_v turn_v into_o vapour_n except_o by_o a_o daily_a and_o continual_a heat_n 2._o because_o that_o there_o be_v very_o few_o river_n in_o those_o place_n where_o there_o be_v little_a rain_n as_o in_o the_o more_o inward_a part_n of_o africa_n there_o be_v few_o spring_n but_o these_o allegation_n resolve_v not_o the_o question_n because_o we_o be_v not_o to_o demand_v or_o seek_v the_o original_a of_o river_n but_o only_o the_o original_a of_o the_o water_n of_o fountain_n therefore_o those_o that_o speak_v thus_o have_v not_o well_o consider_v the_o sense_n of_o the_o question_n as_o we_o have_v take_v notice_n before_o although_o also_o the_o experience_n that_o they_o allege_v be_v not_o general_a because_o that_o there_o be_v river_n find_v in_o place_n where_o there_o be_v little_a rain_n and_o no_o snow_n although_o it_o be_v true_a in_o the_o region_n of_o peru_n and_o egypt_n which_o they_o assert_v moreover_o rain_n moisten_v not_o the_o earth_n above_o ten_o foot_n deep_a but_o fountain_n spring_v from_o a_o far_o great_a profundity_n seneca_n the_o opinion_n of_o seneca_n 2._o other_o suppose_v that_o we_o shall_v not_o demand_v whence_o the_o water_n of_o fountain_n do_v 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he_o allege_v these_o reason_n 1._o water_n be_v generate_v from_o air_n above_o the_o earth_n viz._n rain_n therefore_o see_v that_o air_n be_v in_o the_o bowel_n of_o the_o earth_n and_o that_o there_o be_v the_o same_o cause_n of_o condensation_n viz._n cold_a therefore_o he_o say_v it_o be_v absurd_a for_o any_o one_o to_o think_v that_o water_n be_v not_o produce_v from_o air_n there_o 2._o experience_n testify_v that_o more_o great_a drop_n that_o fall_v be_v make_v of_o small_a one_o and_o therefore_o the_o original_a of_o river_n must_v be_v as_o it_o be_v certain_a brook_n of_o water_n that_o meet_v in_o one_o part_n of_o the_o earth_n for_o therefore_o those_o that_o make_v aqueduct_n be_v wont_a to_o bring_v the_o water_n down_o by_o trench_n and_o small_a channel_n 3._o because_o that_o many_o spring_n and_o those_o of_o the_o great_a river_n be_v find_v in_o mountainous_a place_n very_o few_o in_o plain_n or_o valley_n which_o be_v a_o evidence_n that_o the_o water_n of_o fountain_n proceed_v from_o a_o condense_a air_n or_o vapour_n which_o air_n and_o vapour_n tend_v towards_o high_a place_n and_o mountainous_a place_n be_v as_o it_o be_v sponge_n incumb_a over_o low_a place_n those_o be_v the_o reason_n of_o aristotle_n cardanus_n the_o opinion_n of_o cardanus_n 4._o cardanus_n with_o other_o suppose_v that_o the_o water_n of_o fountain_n proceed_v from_o rivulet_n which_o be_v generate_v of_o watery_a vapour_n condense_v both_o within_o and_o without_o the_o earth_n but_o that_o these_o fountain_n alone_o scarce_o make_v up_o river_n unless_o assist_v by_o rain_n or_o dissolve_v snow_n his_o reason_n be_v these_o 1._o if_o betimes_o in_o the_o morning_n one_o view_v the_o mountain_n they_o will_v appear_v moist_a 2._o river_n overflow_v in_o the_o morning_n and_o so_o much_o the_o more_o by_o how_o much_o the_o part_n of_o it_o be_v more_o near_o the_o fountain_n but_o the_o perpetual_a and_o constant_a impetus_fw-la of_o the_o water_n bubble_v and_o leap_v from_o the_o spring_n do_v not_o seem_v to_o have_v its_o original_a from_o so_o weak_a and_o inconstant_a a_o cause_n neither_o do_v this_o opinion_n of_o cardanus_n much_o differ_v from_o that_o of_o aristotle_n but_o that_o aristotle_n place_v air_n with_o the_o generation_n cardanus_n vapour_n with_o the_o generation_n to_o be_v the_o cause_n of_o spring_n and_o indeed_o small_a be_v the_o difference_n between_o air_n and_o vapour_n 5._o some_o of_o the_o ancient_n suppose_v rain_n to_o be_v coacervate_v within_o the_o earth_n in_o cavity_n and_o thence_o to_o break_v forth_o as_o from_o a_o mighty_a belly_n and_o that_o all_o river_n spring_v from_o one_o of_o they_o or_o from_o some_o other_o of_o they_o neither_o that_o there_o be_v any_o other_o water_n generate_v but_o what_o be_v collect_v in_o the_o winter_n month_n into_o those_o receptacle_n they_o suppose_v to_o evade_v into_o the_o multitude_n of_o these_o river_n and_o therefore_o that_o they_o flow_v 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yet_o so_o as_o not_o to_o exclude_v the_o cause_n lay_v down_o in_o the_o first_o and_o three_o place_n the_o reason_n be_v these_o 1._o because_o more_o than_o one_o thousand_o river_n exonerate_v themselves_o into_o the_o sea_n and_o the_o great_a of_o they_o in_o such_o a_o abundancy_n that_o that_o water_n which_o they_o send_v forth_o into_o the_o sea_n throughout_o the_o whole_a year_n exceed_v the_o whole_a earth_n as_o the_o river_n volga_n into_o the_o caspian_a sea_n and_o also_o other_o river_n therefore_o it_o can_v otherwise_o be_v but_o that_o water_n must_v be_v send_v forth_o into_o many_o place_n of_o the_o earth_n even_o to_o the_o fountain_n of_o river_n now_o if_o that_o this_o be_v not_o so_o we_o can_v not_o possible_o imagine_v how_o that_o the_o sea_n shall_v not_o be_v augment_v unto_o a_o immensity_n or_o why_o fountain_n shall_v not_o cease_v to_o send_v forth_o water_n neither_o may_v it_o be_v object_v that_o so_o many_o vapour_n be_v elevate_v from_o the_o sea_n that_o be_v equivalent_a to_o the_o water_n that_o the_o sea_n have_v receive_v from_o the_o river_n for_o first_o only_a rain_n make_v those_o vapour_n then_o again_o it_o be_v most_o false_a that_o so_o great_a a_o quantity_n of_o vapour_n shall_v be_v elevate_v from_o the_o sea_n as_o be_v generate_v from_o the_o water_n which_o flow_v from_o the_o river_n into_o the_o sea_n distant_a fountain_n the_o near_o the_o sea_n be_v salt_a than_o those_o far_a distant_a 2._o this_o opinion_n be_v prove_v from_o that_o to_o wit_n that_o the_o fountain_n near_o the_o sea_n be_v salt_n and_o brackish_a and_o by_o how_o much_o they_o be_v nigh_o to_o the_o sea_n by_o so_o much_o they_o be_v the_o more_o salt_n as_o on_o the_o coast_n of_o africa_n especial_o on_o the_o coast_n of_o choromaudel_n in_o india_n where_o no_o vine_n
do_v grow_v and_o where_o that_o all_o well_n be_v salt_n in_o the_o city_n of_o suez_n at_o the_o termination_n of_o the_o red_a sea_n all_o well_n be_v salt_n or_o brackish_a and_o the_o water_n two_o mile_n distant_a be_v somewhat_o salt_n so_o in_o many_o island_n in_o the_o sea_n no_o well_n of_o fresh_a water_n be_v find_v though_o not_o so_o salt_n as_o the_o sea_n water_n itself_o as_o in_o the_o isle_n of_o st._n vincent_n and_o other_o in_o peru_n in_o the_o low_a region_n the_o lake_n be_v salt_n by_o reason_n of_o the_o vicinity_n of_o the_o sea_n yea_o in_o the_o oriental_a maritimate_a place_n the_o nut_n call_v coco_n nut_n be_v find_v somewhat_o salt_n also_o in_o the_o mediterranean_a place_n themselves_o fountain_n of_o salt_n water_n be_v find_v as_o in_o lorraine_n lunenburgh_n and_o the_o like_a 3._o because_o that_o it_o be_v manifest_a that_o the_o sea_n emit_v its_o water_n through_o subterraneous_a passage_n from_o the_o salt_n fountain_n of_o lunenburgh_n where_o beneath_o the_o earth_n those_o aqueduct_n full_a of_o salt_n or_o sea-water_n be_v find_v 4._o because_o that_o dig_v to_o a_o great_a depth_n as_o also_o in_o mine_n much_o water_n be_v find_v of_o which_o neither_o the_o rain_n nor_o the_o air_n can_v be_v make_v the_o efficient_a cause_n how_o water_n come_v from_o the_o sea_n to_o the_o place_n of_o fountain_n so_o as_o to_o become_v sweet_a we_o have_v now_o show_v viz._n the_o bottom_n of_o the_o sea_n be_v not_o every_o where_o rocky_a or_o stony_a but_o in_o many_o place_n sandy_a muddy_a gravelly_a spongy_a drink_v the_o water_n of_o the_o sea_n and_o by_o a_o continuation_n of_o the_o earth_n bring_v it_o by_o degree_n to_o a_o long_a distance_n from_o the_o sea_n where_o at_o length_n the_o guttulae_fw-la unite_v especial_o in_o a_o narrow_a space_n such_o as_o be_v mountain_n and_o make_v a_o fountain_n in_o the_o give_v place_n or_o cavity_n but_o if_o so_o be_v that_o cavity_n be_v hide_v from_o the_o earth_n than_o the_o water_n so_o collect_v either_o follow_v another_o way_n wheresoever_o it_o be_v make_v and_o so_o a_o fountain_n seem_v to_o break_v forth_o in_o another_o place_n which_o yet_o be_v not_o in_o than_o place_n but_o be_v a_o river_n derive_v from_o the_o former_a place_n by_o a_o subterraneous_a passage_n or_o if_o that_o the_o water_n of_o that_o cavity_n find_v no_o way_n about_o itself_o neither_o by_o violence_n can_v break_v through_o the_o earth_n that_o cover_v it_o than_o that_o water_n be_v not_o augment_v but_o what_o water_n flow_v unto_o it_o to_o have_v be_v its_o increase_n that_o be_v avert_v to_o another_o place_n for_o that_o be_v the_o property_n of_o all_o humid_a body_n that_o all_o their_o part_n and_o particle_n be_v move_v towards_o that_o place_n where_o the_o deflux_n be_v make_v so_o if_o you_o fill_v a_o vessel_n with_o water_n that_o the_o swell_a or_o tumour_n may_v be_v above_o the_o brim_n of_o the_o vessel_n than_o all_o the_o part_n of_o the_o extant_a water_n have_v a_o equal_a inclination_n and_o power_n of_o deflux_n in_o the_o vicine_fw-la part_n of_o the_o brim_n but_o yet_o by_o reason_n of_o the_o mutual_a coherence_n of_o the_o particle_n who_o cause_n be_v declare_v in_o natural_a philosophy_n if_o that_o the_o deflux_n be_v make_v in_o one_o part_n of_o the_o brim_n all_o the_o other_o part_n leave_v the_o vicine_fw-la brim_n and_o draw_v to_o that_o part_n of_o the_o brim_n or_o they_o follow_v where_o the_o deflux_n be_v make_v so_o if_o you_o immerge_n a_o long_a crust_n of_o bread_n into_o water_n you_o shall_v see_v the_o water_n bear_v upward_o and_o and_o the_o part_n of_o the_o bread_n that_o be_v not_o immerge_v to_o be_v humid_a cavern_n the_o sea_n go_v under_o the_o earth_n through_o cavern_n moreover_o the_o sea_n go_v under_o the_o earth_n through_o cavern_n from_o which_o after_o the_o same_o mode_n the_o water_n may_v glide_v or_o creep_v forth_o unless_o you_o have_v rather_o ascribe_v it_o to_o evaporation_n which_o be_v carry_v upward_o and_o unite_n the_o drop_n in_o a_o narrow_a place_n but_o because_o there_o be_v many_o thing_n which_o may_v seem_v to_o render_v this_o opinion_n less_o probable_a these_o aught_o also_o to_o be_v consider_v that_o it_o may_v be_v evident_a that_o they_o weaken_v not_o this_o assertion_n lay_v down_o note_v thing_n to_o be_v note_v 1._o the_o place_n of_o fountain_n be_v more_o elevate_v than_o the_o superficies_n of_o the_o sea_n by_o reason_n that_o most_o of_o they_o be_v in_o mountainous_a place_n therefore_o water_n can_v flow_v from_o the_o sea_n to_o those_o place_n because_o the_o nature_n of_o water_n be_v to_o move_v to_o place_n more_o depress_v or_o less_o elevate_v as_o it_o be_v manifest_a from_o river_n and_o the_o artifices_fw-la of_o drainer_n 2._o although_o the_o bottom_n of_o the_o sea_n be_v gravelly_a muddy_a and_o sandy_a so_o that_o the_o water_n may_v penetrate_v itself_o through_o its_o particle_n yet_o the_o reason_n do_v not_o appear_v evident_a enough_o but_o that_o it_o may_v more_o moisten_v the_o adjoin_a earth_n and_o that_o which_o be_v not_o so_o high_a than_o to_o glide_v upward_o to_o the_o place_n of_o fountain_n see_v especial_o that_o the_o earth_n be_v rocky_a and_o stony_a as_o in_o the_o mountain_n of_o the_o island_n of_o st._n helena_n 3._o there_o be_v no_o reason_n why_o the_o water_n so_o glide_v from_o the_o sea_n shall_v not_o break_v forth_o in_o a_o middle_a way_n between_o the_o sea_n and_o the_o fountain_n 4._o in_o the_o most_o profound_a mine_n none_o or_o very_o little_a water_n be_v find_v as_o thurnheuserus_n witness_v 5._o this_o water_n of_o the_o fountain_n shall_v be_v salt_n because_o that_o it_o do_v proceed_v from_o the_o sea_n these_o be_v the_o chief_a argument_n which_o may_v seem_v to_o weaken_v the_o opinion_n propose_v for_o i_o pass_v by_o those_o slight_a one_o allege_v by_o other_o answer_v other_o argument_n answer_v viz._n that_o they_o suppose_v that_o the_o sea_n be_v not_o sufficient_a to_o supply_v so_o many_o river_n then_o again_o that_o river_n than_o shall_v never_o be_v diminish_v if_o that_o be_v the_o true_a cause_n of_o river_n that_o we_o have_v lay_v down_o but_o unto_o these_o two_o the_o answer_n be_v easy_a because_o that_o the_o sea_n again_o receive_v the_o water_n again_o from_o the_o river_n that_o it_o send_v forth_o into_o the_o fountain_n then_o as_o for_o the_o other_o we_o have_v show_v before_o that_o the_o question_n be_v not_o neither_o do_v we_o determine_v that_o all_o the_o water_n of_o the_o river_n be_v from_o the_o sea_n but_o only_o concern_v the_o water_n of_o spring_n which_o be_v not_o the_o alone_a cause_n of_o river_n as_o we_o have_v say_v already_o and_o we_o also_o assert_v that_o the_o water_n of_o fountain_n be_v augment_v from_o rain_n and_o dew_n because_o that_o these_o moisten_v the_o earth_n glide_v or_o be_v draw_v towards_o the_o place_n of_o fountain_n concernment_n four_o other_o argument_n of_o great_a concernment_n where_o the_o efflux_n of_o the_o water_n be_v make_v which_o we_o have_v explain_v by_o other_o example_n we_o come_v now_o to_o those_o four_o argument_n allege_v which_o may_v seem_v to_o carry_v some_o weight_n with_o they_o the_o first_o be_v esteem_v very_o valid_a as_o be_v take_v from_o multiplicit_fw-la experience_n therefore_o many_o solution_n be_v bring_v and_o allege_v by_o learned_a man_n first_o they_o the_o most_o easy_o discharge_v themselves_o who_o defend_v the_o ocean_n to_o be_v more_o high_a than_o the_o earth_n for_o so_o they_o deny_v the_o assertion_n and_o they_o say_v that_o this_o altitude_n of_o the_o ocean_n be_v the_o cause_n of_o spring_n because_o that_o spring_n be_v less_o high_a than_o the_o water_n in_o the_o middle_n of_o the_o ocean_n persia_n see_v olearius_n his_o voyage_n into_o persia_n moreover_o olearius_n in_o the_o description_n of_o his_o voyage_n into_o persia_n relate_v that_o he_o ascend_v the_o mountain_n that_o adjoin_v to_o the_o caspian_a sea_n and_o with_o a_o astrolabe_n or_o rather_o a_o gaeodetical_a instrument_n to_o observe_v the_o elevation_n of_o this_o mountain_n above_o the_o superficies_n of_o that_o sea_n but_o find_v none_o but_o that_o the_o extreme_a superficies_n of_o that_o sea_n be_v see_v in_o the_o horizontal_n line_n yea_o somewhat_o elevate_v above_o it_o so_o that_o the_o tumour_n of_o this_o sea_n be_v find_v a_o little_a more_o high_a than_o the_o vertex_fw-la of_o the_o mountain_n on_o which_o he_o make_v his_o observation_n but_o in_o truth_n this_o solution_n can_v be_v admit_v of_o 13._o see_v chap._n 13._o because_o we_o have_v show_v in_o the_o thirteen_o chapter_n that_o the_o water_n of_o the_o ocean_n be_v not_o high_a than_o the_o mountain_n
not_o a_o long_a distance_n from_o the_o shore_n which_o subsidency_n or_o sink_v continue_v for_o many_o age_n at_o length_n cause_v isle_n therefore_o in_o the_o middle_n of_o the_o ocean_n be_v few_o island_n 1._o because_o that_o place_n be_v more_o remote_a from_o the_o shore_n than_o that_o any_o of_o the_o eat_v off_o part_n shall_v be_v carry_v thither_o 2._o because_o that_o the_o commotion_n and_o force_n of_o the_o water_n be_v great_a there_o which_o move_v the_o earth_n of_o the_o channel_n or_o rather_o promote_v the_o depth_n than_o suffer_v island_n to_o be_v generate_v there_o 3._o because_o there_o be_v no_o continent_n there_o therefore_o neither_o can_v troop_n or_o heap_n of_o island_n be_v according_a to_o the_o first_o mode_n by_o which_o we_o have_v show_v such_o heap_n of_o isle_n to_o be_v produce_v yet_o in_o time_n past_a when_o that_o the_o middle_n of_o the_o ocean_n be_v not_o where_o it_o be_v now_o it_o be_v not_o unlikely_a that_o such_o isle_n be_v here_o and_o by_o degree_n be_v swallow_v by_o the_o ocean_n of_o absolute_a geography_n sect_n v._o contain_v a_o explication_n of_o the_o atmosphere_n and_o the_o wind_n in_o three_o chapter_n chap._n xix_o of_o the_o atmosphere_n and_o air._n proposition_n i._o from_o the_o part_n of_o the_o earth_n as_o well_o dry_a as_o moist_a or_o from_o the_o earth_n and_o water_n vapour_n and_o fume_n do_v continual_o exhale_v into_o that_o space_n which_o be_v about_o the_o earth_n the_o cause_n be_v twofold_a first_o the_o celestial_a heat_n of_o the_o star_n especial_o the_o sun_n and_o moon_n fume_n of_o vapour_n and_o fume_n the_o other_o be_v a_o terrestrial_a heat_n or_o subterranean_a or_o rather_o terrestrial_a fire_n or_o which_o be_v admix_v with_o the_o part_n of_o the_o earth_n for_o we_o see_v that_o almost_o all_o body_n the_o least_o fire_n be_v move_v towards_o they_o send_v forth_o a_o fume_n see_v therefore_o that_o both_o the_o celestial_a and_o terrestrial_a heat_n be_v naught_o else_o but_o a_o certain_a fire_n therefore_o it_o be_v also_o necessary_a that_o vapour_n and_o fume_n shall_v be_v advance_v by_o it_o from_o the_o part_n of_o the_o earth_n so_o the_o truth_n of_o the_o proposition_n be_v evidence_v à _fw-la priori_fw-la experience_n also_o confirm_v the_o same_o for_o those_o that_o travel_n in_o the_o night_n time_n especial_o when_o the_o moon_n shine_v and_o that_o towards_o the_o water_n discover_v many_o vapour_n to_o wander_v and_o be_v advance_v about_o the_o superficies_n of_o the_o earth_n also_o it_o be_v vulgar_o know_v that_o in_o the_o day_n the_o sun_n do_v raise_v many_o vapour_n also_o when_o that_o a_o mist_n arise_v upward_o which_o be_v a_o certain_a token_n of_o rain_n to_o follow_v proposition_n ii_o the_o atmosphere_n be_v a_o space_n about_o the_o whole_a earth_n in_o which_o the_o exhalation_n raise_v from_o the_o earth_n be_v always_o present_a and_o it_o be_v uncertain_a whether_o that_o anything_o or_o body_n else_o be_v contain_v in_o it_o beside_o these_o exhalation_n it_o be_v also_o take_v for_o the_o exhalation_n themselves_o about_o the_o whole_a earth_n there_o be_v no_o small_a controversy_n among_o modern_a philosopher_n atmosphere_n of_o the_o atmosphere_n concern_v the_o body_n which_o consist_v about_o the_o earth_n for_o many_o mathematician_n of_o sound_a knowledge_n determine_v that_o there_o be_v nothing_o beside_o exhalation_n elevate_v from_o the_o earth_n and_o therefore_o they_o take_v the_o atmosphere_n and_o air_n for_o one_o and_o the_o same_o and_o immediate_o after_o the_o atmosphere_n place_v the_o aetherial_a substance_n but_o other_o philosopher_n suppose_v that_o beside_o these_o exhalation_n in_o the_o space_n about_o the_o earth_n that_o there_o be_v a_o certain_a peculiar_a and_o simple_a body_n which_o they_o call_v air_n although_o that_o they_o free_o grant_v that_o exhalation_n may_v be_v change_v into_o air_n and_o contrariwise_o into_o cloud_n and_o thick_a vapour_n the_o same_o person_n after_o this_o air_n even_o to_o the_o lunary_n orb_n place_v another_o subtle_a thin_a body_n different_a from_o the_o aether_n which_o indeed_o they_o term_v fire_n but_o they_o confess_v that_o it_o be_v less_o proper_o do_v and_o that_o it_o do_v not_o agree_v with_o our_o fire_n for_o it_o be_v a_o calid_a substance_n not_o burn_v dry_a and_o very_a subtle_a not_o to_o cause_v the_o refraction_n of_o the_o ray_n of_o the_o sun_n and_o star_n which_o yet_o they_o will_v have_v to_o be_v do_v in_o this_o air._n those_o be_v well_o consider_v these_o two_o opinion_n of_o the_o philosopher_n seem_v rather_o to_o differ_v in_o word_n than_o in_o matter_n itself_o for_o as_o for_o the_o air_n because_o that_o they_o grant_v it_o so_o gross_a that_o a_o refraction_n of_o ray_n may_v be_v make_v in_o it_o and_o that_o it_o may_v be_v generate_v from_o exhalation_n by_o a_o light_a mutation_n the_o air_n seem_v nothing_o else_o but_o a_o subtle_a exhalation_n although_o it_o be_v not_o exhale_v from_o the_o earth_n as_o for_o the_o sublunary_a fire_n when_o that_o they_o confess_v that_o it_o be_v so_o improper_o term_v but_o they_o affirm_v that_o it_o be_v so_o tenuous_a that_o it_o cause_v no_o refraction_n of_o ray_n this_o seem_v little_a to_o differ_v from_o the_o aether_n we_o affirm_v therefore_o that_o the_o atmostphere_n and_o air_n be_v a_o body_n about_o the_o earth_n on_o which_o the_o ray_n fall_v be_v refract_v lay_v aside_o the_o controversy_n whence_o this_o body_n have_v its_o original_n which_o definition_n agree_v with_o the_o former_a for_o neither_o be_v it_o likely_a that_o any_o exhalation_n can_v be_v elevate_v from_o the_o earth_n so_o subtle_a that_o they_o shall_v cause_v no_o refraction_n or_o impediment_n to_o the_o luminous_a ray_n proceed_v from_o the_o aether_n yet_o if_o that_o such_o be_v grant_v we_o can_v know_v their_o altitude_n and_o whether_o that_o they_o be_v exclude_v from_o the_o atmosphere_n which_o yet_o if_o that_o any_o one_o will_v sharp_o urge_v suppose_v that_o the_o little_a fire_n or_o ray_n cast_v from_o the_o sun_n on_o the_o earth_n again_o recoil_v to_o the_o sun_n he_o will_v not_o deny_v but_o that_o the_o latter_a definition_n be_v commodious_a therefore_o the_o atmosphere_n and_o air_n be_v naught_o else_o but_o a_o contexture_n of_o many_o small_a body_n which_o adhere_v to_o the_o earth_n as_o a_o down_o or_o wool_n circumve_v a_o peach_n proposition_n iii_o sometime_o more_o sometime_o lesser_a exhalation_n be_v draw_v from_o the_o earth_n especial_o in_o divers_a place_n exhalation_n of_o exhalation_n the_o cause_n be_v 1._o the_o various_a elevation_n of_o the_o sun_n above_o the_o horizon_n or_o depression_n beneath_o it_o 2._o the_o diversity_n of_o the_o age_n of_o the_o moon_n and_o its_o elevation_n above_o the_o horizon_n 3._o the_o rise_n and_o set_v of_o the_o other_o star_n and_o their_o constitution_n above_o the_o horizon_n 4._o the_o diversity_n in_o the_o part_n of_o the_o earth_n themselves_o for_o watery_a and_o humid_a place_n do_v more_o easy_o send_v forth_o vapour_n than_o earthy_a and_o dry_a proposition_n iu._n the_o exhalation_n which_o constitute_v the_o atmosphere_n be_v of_o a_o divers_a kind_n especial_o in_o sundry_a region_n viz._n watery_a saltish_a earthy_a sulphureous_a spirituous_a the_o sensible_a compound_a exhalation_n or_o part_n of_o the_o atmosphere_n be_v divers_a viz._n mix_v of_o simple_a particle_n atmosphere_n of_o the_o exhalation_n which_o constitute_v the_o atmosphere_n the_o cause_n be_v because_o that_o in_o the_o part_n of_o the_o earth_n such_o body_n be_v of_o a_o divers_a sort_n and_o be_v advance_v by_o heat_n some_o more_o easy_o and_o other_o some_o with_o great_a difficulty_n concern_v the_o earthy_a particle_n some_o one_o may_v doubt_v because_o that_o those_o be_v scarce_o apt_a to_o be_v elevate_v 1._o by_o reason_n of_o the_o smallness_n of_o their_o dust_n which_o be_v light_a see_v that_o gravity_n be_v a_o affection_n of_o compact_a body_n 2._o by_o admixture_n of_o sulphureous_a particle_n which_o violent_o carry_v those_o earthy_a one_o with_o they_o moreover_o that_o there_o be_v sulphureous_a particle_n in_o the_o air_n be_v prove_v from_o the_o fiery_a meteor_n lightning_n thunder_n and_o the_o like_a yea_o a_o sulphureous_a odor_n or_o scent_n after_o thunder_n and_o lightning_n manifest_o assert_v the_o same_o as_o for_o the_o watery_a part_n we_o ought_v not_o to_o question_v for_o saline_a and_o spirituous_a exhalation_n by_o reason_n of_o their_o tenuousness_n be_v easy_o exhale_v from_o the_o earth_n little_a animal_n generate_v in_o great_a number_n and_o abundance_n in_o the_o air_n confirm_v the_o same_o the_o aristotelian_o divide_v exhalation_n into_o two_o kind_n to_o wit_n vapour_n and_o fume_n vapour_n be_v generate_v of_o water_n and_o easy_o return_v into_o the_o same_o again_o fume_n
calculation_n and_o make_v a_o trial_n of_o the_o matter_n whether_o that_o the_o altitude_n be_v the_o same_o every_o where_o and_o at_o every_o time_n i_o will_v give_v they_o here_o example_n from_o the_o observation_n of_o tycho_n who_o have_v observe_v the_o refraction_n of_o the_o sun_n and_o moon_n at_o every_o degree_n of_o their_o altitude_n and_o because_o that_o the_o observation_n of_o lansbergius_n because_o that_o he_o observe_v they_o in_o a_o different_a air_n if_o that_o he_o observe_v they_o at_o all_o differ_v from_o those_o of_o tycho_n i_o will_v also_o add_v they_o the_o table_n of_o refraction_n the_o degree_n of_o altitude_n the_o refraction_n of_o the_o sun_n according_a to_o tycho_n the_o refraction_n of_o the_o moon_n according_a to_o tycho_n the_o refraction_n of_o the_o sun_n and_o moon_n according_a to_o lansbergius_n degree_n minute_n 1._o minute_n 1._o minute_n 1._o 1._o 0_o 34_o 33_o 34_o  _fw-fr 1_o 26_o 25_o 26_o  _fw-fr 2_o 20_o 20_o 21_o  _fw-fr 3_o 17_o 17_o 18_o  _fw-fr 4_o 15_o 15_o 15_o 45_o 5_o 14_o 14_o 14_o 0_o 6_o 13_o 14_o 12_o 30_o 7_o 12_o 13_o 11_o 15_o 8_o 11_o 12_o 10_o 5_o 9_o 10_o 11_o 9_o 5_o 10_o 10_o 11_o 8_o 15_o 11_o 9_o 10_o 7_o 35_o 12_o 9_o 10_o 7_o 5_o 13_o 8_o 9_o 6_o 40_o 14_o 8_o 8_o 6_o 19_o 15_o 7_o 8_o 6_o 0_o 16_o 7_o 7_o 5_o 42_o 17_o 6_o 7_o 5_o 24_o 18_o 6_o 6_o 5_o 7_o 19_o 5_o 6_o 4_o 50_o 20_o 4_o 5_o 4_o 33_o 21_o 4_o 4_o 4_o 16_o 22_o 3_o 3_o 4_o 0_o 23_o 3_o 3_o 3_o 44_o 24_o 3_o 3_o 3_o 28_o 25_o 2_o 2_o 3_o 12_o 26_o 2_o 2_o 2_o 56_o 27_o 2_o 2_o 2_o 40_o 28_o 2_o 2_o 2_o 24_o 29_o 2_o 2_o 2_o 9_o 30_o 1_o 1_o 1_o 54_o 31_o 1_o 1_o 1_o 39_o 32_o 1_o 1_o 1_o 24_o 33_o 1_o 1_o 1_o 9_o 34_o 1_o 1_o 0_o 55_o 35_o 1_o 1_o 0_o 41_o 36_o 1_o 1_o 0_o 27_o 37_o 0_o 1_o 0_o 13_o 38_o 0_o 1_o 0_o 0_o tycho_n the_o refraction_n of_o the_o sun_n and_o moon_n according_a to_o lansbergius_n and_o tycho_n lansbergius_n place_v both_o the_o same_o refraction_n of_o the_o sun_n and_o moon_n but_o tycho_n make_v they_o somewhat_o divers_a viz._n about_o the_o horizon_n he_o make_v the_o refraction_n of_o the_o sun_n great_a than_o those_o of_o the_o moon_n then_o the_o five_o degree_n of_o altitude_n he_o make_v they_o equal_a from_o this_o then_o at_o length_n he_o make_v the_o refraction_n of_o the_o moon_n a_o little_o big_a than_o those_o of_o the_o sun_n indeed_o i_o confess_v myself_o ignorant_a of_o the_o cause_n of_o this_o except_o it_o be_v to_o be_v ascribe_v to_o the_o weakness_n of_o the_o light_n of_o the_o moon_n moreover_o tycho_n omit_v the_o second_o minute_n which_o yet_o shall_v not_o be_v omit_v if_o that_o they_o come_v near_o to_o 60_o because_o that_o there_o be_v use_v of_o they_o in_o the_o calculation_n of_o the_o altitude_n of_o the_o air._n now_o you_o must_v know_v that_o the_o refraction_n of_o all_o the_o star_n be_v the_o same_o or_o else_o that_o the_o difference_n be_v insensible_a viz._n in_o one_o air_n but_o if_o that_o the_o air_n be_v thick_a the_o refraction_n will_v be_v great_a a_o example_n of_o it_o be_v this_o whereof_o a_o cause_n have_v not_o yet_o be_v render_v sufficient_o hitherto_o by_o any_o the_o dutch_a winter_v in_o nova_n zembla_n behold_v the_o sun_n after_o the_o night_n of_o some_o month_n when_o that_o as_o yet_o the_o limbus_n or_o edge_n of_o the_o sun_n be_v yet_o beneath_o the_o horizon_n four_o degree_n at_o least_o therefore_o the_o refraction_n n_o f_o l_o be_v 4_o deg_fw-la 30_o min._n then_o at_o length_n when_o that_o it_o be_v depress_v beneath_o the_o horizon_n 3_o degree_n 40_o minute_n they_o see_v he_o elevate_v above_o the_o horizon_n 30_o degree_n viz._n his_o upper_a limbus_n therefore_o the_o refraction_n m_o r_o l_o we_o conceive_v m_z r_o s_o to_o fall_n beneath_o the_o horizon_n and_o r_o l_o g_o to_n be_v 30_o min._n shall_v be_v 4_o deg_fw-la 11_o min._n and_o l_o l_o t_o 90_o deg_fw-la 30_o min._n from_o hence_o shall_v be_v find_v the_o altitude_n of_o the_o air_n l_o f_o and_o the_o reason_n of_o the_o density_n of_o that_o air_n at_o nova_n zembla_n which_o yet_o be_v serene_a at_o the_o time_n of_o the_o observation_n now_o the_o altitude_n be_v find_v much_o great_a than_o the_o other_o refraction_n admit_v of_o viz._n of_o almost_o two_o mile_n neither_o be_v it_o correct_v by_o the_o position_n of_o a_o great_a thickness_n of_o air_n as_o shall_v be_v show_v in_o the_o follow_a proposition_n by_o reason_n that_o the_o angle_n t_o f_o l_o can_v be_v great_a than_o 85_o deg_fw-la 30_o min._n if_o that_o n_o f_o l_o be_v 4_o deg_fw-la 30_o min._n it_o become_v great_a if_o that_o d_o f_o be_v place_v less_o than_o 2_o mile_n therefore_o we_o do_v not_o undeserved_o doubt_v of_o the_o truth_n of_o the_o observation_n of_o the_o mariner_n see_v that_o no_o like_a example_n have_v be_v observe_v yea_o the_o contrary_n have_v be_v observe_v in_o the_o same_o place_n vit_v see_v chap._n 26._o proposit_n vit_v moreover_o no_o reason_n can_v be_v render_v that_o in_o those_o place_n after_o so_o long_a a_o absence_n of_o the_o sun_n the_o air_n shall_v be_v high_o than_o at_o the_o time_n wherein_o after_o so_o long_a a_o stay_v the_o sun_n depart_v see_v that_o rather_o the_o contrary_n do_v follow_v viz._n the_o air_n become_v more_o thick_a and_o low_a by_o reason_n of_o contraction_n if_o that_o any_o one_o will_v urge_v the_o altitude_n of_o the_o air_n to_o be_v inconstant_a yet_o when_o i_o more_o accurate_o weigh_v all_o the_o matter_n three_o thing_n fall_v in_o with_o i_o by_o which_o that_o apparancy_n and_o great_a refraction_n may_v be_v salve_v for_o see_v that_o the_o master_n or_o pilot_n be_v skilful_a in_o astronomy_n and_o also_o that_o they_o see_v the_o sun_n elevate_v above_o the_o horizon_n in_o which_o he_o be_v yet_o depress_v therefore_o we_o ought_v not_o to_o deny_v the_o observation_n neither_o ought_v we_o to_o be_v suspicious_a concern_v a_o error_n in_o the_o numeration_n of_o the_o day_n by_o reason_n of_o that_o long_a night_n for_o when_o that_o they_o return_v to_o their_o own_o country_n they_o reckon_v the_o same_o day_n of_o the_o year_n that_o their_o countryman_n reckon_v which_o they_o can_v not_o have_v do_v if_o that_o before_o they_o have_v make_v a_o false_a reckon_n of_o the_o day_n for_o if_o that_o we_o will_v admit_v so_o great_a a_o altitude_n of_o the_o air_n such_o as_o the_o refraction_n of_o the_o temperate_a and_o torrid_a zone_n do_v not_o admit_v of_o we_o must_v say_v that_o the_o air_n be_v every_o where_o the_o same_o both_o in_o the_o torrid_a and_o temperate_a zone_n as_o it_o be_v in_o the_o frigid_a but_o the_o supreme_a region_n of_o the_o air_n both_o in_o the_o torrid_a and_o temperate_a zone_n be_v so_o subtle_a that_o it_o make_v no_o refraction_n but_o only_o the_o middle_a region_n whence_o it_o be_v no_o wonder_n if_o that_o the_o refraction_n in_o the_o torrid_a and_o temperate_a zone_n be_v lesser_a for_o although_o the_o air_n be_v low_a that_o 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that_o general_a cause_n 2._o i_o make_v the_o second_o cause_n of_o the_o wind_n and_o that_o more_o frequent_o exhalation_n elevate_v copious_o and_o with_o a_o violence_n from_o the_o sea_n and_o land_n but_o they_o scarce_o cause_v any_o wind_n except_o that_o when_o they_o begin_v to_o be_v rarefy_v 3._o the_o attenuation_n and_o rarefaction_n of_o the_o cloud_n and_o mist_n whether_o that_o it_o be_v cause_v by_o the_o sun_n or_o from_o other_o star_n or_o whether_o from_o include_v or_o adjoin_v fire_n or_o sulphureous_a particle_n 4._o the_o dissolve_v of_o snow_n and_o ice_n especial_o of_o that_o which_o lie_v on_o mountainous_a place_n and_o be_v not_o whole_o dissolve_v into_o water_n 5._o the_o various_a situation_n and_o rise_n of_o the_o moon_n and_o the_o other_o star_n 6._o the_o condensation_n and_o rarefaction_n of_o the_o air_n and_o vapour_n by_o any_o heat_n or_o cold_a 7._o the_o descent_n of_o the_o cloud_n by_o which_o the_o subject_v air_n be_v press_v the_o 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â—ine_o over_o the_o horizon_n the_o cause_n be_v by_o reason_n that_o the_o air_n in_o a_o spherical_a figure_n do_v encompass_v the_o earth_n and_o the_o protrusion_n of_o the_o air_n be_v make_v for_o the_o most_o part_n through_o the_o great_a circle_n of_o the_o sphere_n which_o pass_v through_o the_o centre_n of_o the_o earth_n for_o although_o we_o may_v suppose_v the_o air_n to_o be_v force_v according_a to_o a_o transverse_a line_n yet_o because_o that_o there_o be_v a_o lesser_a force_n from_o the_o side_n and_o great_a resistance_n thence_o it_o come_v to_o pass_v that_o the_o wind_n incumb_fw-la into_o the_o midst_n of_o the_o passage_n but_o we_o shall_v more_o commodious_o conceive_v this_o mode_n if_o that_o we_o do_v but_o consider_v the_o first_o cause_n of_o the_o wind_n for_o the_o sun_n thrust_v forward_o the_o air_n towards_o all_o the_o quarter_n of_o that_o place_n unto_o which_o it_o be_v vertical_a but_o that_o force_n be_v not_o receive_v in_o all_o as_o i_o 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horizon_n but_o oblique_a yet_o it_o be_v not_o general_a that_o the_o wind_n proceed_v in_o a_o perpendicular_a way_n to_o the_o horizon_n because_o that_o oftentimes_o in_o the_o air_n transverse_a blast_n be_v find_v so_o we_o see_v that_o smoak_n come_v forth_o of_o a_o chimney_n be_v not_o carry_v by_o the_o wind_n towards_o one_o quarter_n but_o part_n of_o it_o be_v carry_v unto_o other_o quarter_n proposition_n xii_o why_o the_o wind_n blow_v by_o a_o interrupt_a force_n so_o that_o sometime_o they_o cease_v and_o other_o some_o as_o it_o be_v with_o redouble_a strength_n they_o return_v with_o the_o great_a importunity_n and_o why_o that_o they_o seem_v more_o continual_o to_o blow_v on_o the_o sea_n so_o that_o it_o be_v discover_v less_o calm_a force_n the_o wind_n 〈◊〉_d blow_n by_o a_o interrupt_a force_n i_o suppose_v the_o reason_n to_o be_v that_o the_o cause_n that_o move_v or_o stir_v up_o the_o wind_n continue_v not_o always_o but_o that_o some_o space_n be_v require_v unto_o the_o collection_n of_o such_o a_o quantity_n which_o by_o such_o a_o vehemency_n may_v break_v through_o the_o air_n and_o therefore_o because_o that_o exhalation_n be_v more_o continual_a in_o the_o air_n and_o the_o motion_n be_v less_o impede_v there_o the_o calm_a in_o the_o ocean_n be_v less_o discover_v although_o that_o it_o be_v not_o whole_o remove_v proposition_n xiii_o why_o no_o wind_n blow_v perpendicular_o from_o the_o air_n unto_o the_o place_n of_o the_o earth_n concern_v this_o question_n meteor_n see_v aristotle_n lib._n 2._o chap._n 9_o of_o meteor_n aristotle_n in_o his_o second_o book_n chap._n 9_o of_o meteor_n treat_v very_o absurd_o so_o that_o the_o peripatetic_n be_v not_o agree_v concern_v his_o opinion_n neither_o shall_v i_o in_o this_o place_n relate_v their_o sentiment_n the_o cause_n seem_v easy_o to_o be_v explain_v viz._n that_o the_o air_n be_v thrust_v downward_o towards_o the_o centre_n of_o the_o earth_n can_v break_v through_o this_o way_n by_o reason_n that_o other_o vapour_n be_v expel_v or_o bear_v upward_o and_o therefore_o the_o overmuch_a resistance_n of_o the_o air_n which_o be_v direct_o situate_v under_o the_o air_n move_v cause_v the_o protrusion_n to_o be_v make_v to_o the_o side_n of_o the_o place_n in_o which_o the_o violence_n begin_v which_o be_v therefore_o the_o more_o probable_a see_v that_o the_o matter_n of_o the_o wind_n be_v for_o the_o most_o part_n more_o light_a than_o that_o air_n and_o that_o be_v more_o rarify_v than_o that_o which_o be_v more_o near_o unto_o the_o earth_n proposition_n fourteen_o why_o westerly-wind_n be_v less_o frequent_a than_o easterly-wind_n 10._o see_v proposition_n 10._o the_o cause_n of_o this_o be_v manifest_a from_o the_o ten_o proposition_n where_o we_o have_v make_v the_o sun_n to_o be_v the_o first_o cause_n of_o wind_n who_o so_o rarifi_v the_o air_n proceed_v from_o the_o east_n to_o the_o west_n and_o therefore_o the_o air_n be_v more_o thrust_v 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in_o the_o temperate_a zone_n or_o the_o arctic_a zone_n oppose_v to_o we_o no_o less_o than_o the_o northern-wind_n be_v unto_o we_o but_o the_o eastern-wind_n be_v more_o rigid_a or_o more_o intense_a for_o another_o cause_n viz._n because_o that_o it_o arise_v for_o the_o most_o part_n from_o the_o refraction_n of_o the_o air_n make_v by_o the_o sun_n which_o be_v continual_o carry_v from_o the_o east_n to_o the_o west_n the_o air_n also_o be_v thrust_v forward_o with_o the_o great_a violence_n from_o the_o east_n to_o the_o west_n but_o it_o be_v probable_a that_o other_o cause_n may_v accede_v that_o may_v either_o help_v or_o obstruct_v that_o violence_n proposition_n xvi_o why_o the_o southern_o and_o westernly-wind_n be_v find_v more_o hot_a than_o the_o eastern_o and_o northern_o which_o have_v a_o wonderful_a power_n of_o cause_v cold_a in_o respect_n of_o they_o western_o the_o southern_a and_o western_a wind_n be_v find_v more_o hot_a than_o the_o eastern_o and_o western_o so_o this_o question_n be_v wont_v vulgar_o to_o be_v propound_v yet_o we_o must_v know_v that_o in_o must_v not_o general_o be_v understand_v of_o all_o place_n but_o only_o concern_v the_o place_n of_o our_o zone_n for_o in_o the_o other_o temperate_a zone_n situate_v towards_o the_o south_n from_o the_o aequator_fw-la the_o contrary_a hold_v true_a because_o that_o in_o these_o place_n the_o northern-wind_n be_v hot_a or_o warm_a and_o the_o southren_n be_v find_v more_o cold_a and_o so_o the_o nature_n of_o the_o thing_n and_o the_o condition_n of_o the_o cause_n require_v for_o the_o reason_n why_o the_o southwind_n be_v discover_v more_o warm_a to_o we_o and_o the_o north_n more_o cold_a proceed_v hence_o viz._n that_o the_o south-wind_n come_v from_o a_o quarter_n and_o place_n more_o near_o unto_o the_o torrid_a zone_n or_o way_n of_o the_o sun_n but_o the_o northern_a place_n more_o remote_a from_o that_o way_n of_o the_o sun_n that_o be_v from_o more_o cold_a place_n but_o the_o contrary_n be_v find_v in_o place_n situate_v towards_o the_o antarctic_a pole_n from_o the_o aequator_fw-la because_o that_o the_o northern-wind_n approach_v to_o they_o from_o the_o way_n of_o the_o sun_n the_o southern_a from_o the_o place_n more_o near_o the_o pole_n but_o as_o concern_v the_o eastern_a and_o western-wind_n i_o must_v answer_v otherwise_o neither_o do_v that_o diversity_n of_o the_o place_n of_o our_o zone_n and_o that_o of_o the_o opposite_a here_o take_v place_n therefore_o first_o it_o be_v say_v in_o the_o precede_a proposition_n that_o the_o western-wind_n be_v less_o frequent_a in_o all_o place_n the_o cause_n of_o which_o be_v the_o same_o with_o that_o by_o reason_n of_o which_o the_o occidental_a wind_n be_v discover_v more_o warm_a viz._n because_o that_o for_o the_o most_o part_n they_o blow_v in_o the_o night_n and_o after_o the_o set_n of_o the_o sun_n where_o the_o air_n that_o be_v thrust_v forward_o towards_o our_o place_n be_v more_o calid_a or_o less_o frigid_a than_o the_o air_n of_o our_o place_n which_o be_v more_o remote_a from_o the_o west_n than_o that_o which_o lie_v between_o the_o sun_n and_o our_o place_n there_o be_v also_o another_o cause_n which_o also_o be_v of_o force_n in_o the_o difference_n between_o the_o northern_a and_o southern-wind_n viz._n that_o the_o western-wind_n blow_v with_o less_o violence_n and_o not_o so_o intense_a but_o with_o some_o relaxation_n now_o it_o be_v know_v that_o any_o air_n or_o wind_n be_v discover_v so_o much_o the_o more_o cold_a by_o how_o much_o it_o blow_v with_o the_o great_a or_o more_o intense_a force_n although_o in_o truth_n it_o be_v no_o hot_a or_o cold_a which_o be_v evident_a by_o our_o expiration_n which_o we_o can_v exhale_v either_o cold_a or_o hot_a proposition_n xvii_o why_o mariner_n from_o the_o sight_n of_o a_o cloud_n especial_o such_o a_o one_o that_o be_v of_o a_o pale_a or_o duskish_a colour_n predict_v a_o wind_n from_o that_o quarter_n also_o to_o declare_v the_o other_o sign_n of_o future_a wind_n quarter_n mariner_n from_o the_o sight_n of_o a_o cloud_n predict_v a_o wind_n from_o that_o quarter_n a_o twofold_a reason_n may_v be_v render_v for_o either_o cloud_n of_o that_o colour_n do_v show_v that_o by_o and_o by_o they_o shall_v be_v dissipate_v and_o dissolve_v into_o blast_n or_o else_o the_o cloud_n sink_v by_o their_o own_o weight_n and_o segregated_a from_o other_o cloud_n press_v down_o the_o air_n beneath_o they_o and_o so_o cause_v it_o to_o blow_v concern_v the_o peculiar_a cloud_n term_v by_o the_o dutch_a the_o bulls-eye_n see_v the_o follow_a chapter_n 1._o the_o sun_n appear_v spot_v in_o his_o rise_n and_o lie_v obscure_v under_o a_o pale_a or_o black_a cloud_n foretell_v either_o shower_n or_o wind_n 2._o if_o that_o the_o sun_n at_o his_o rise_n appear_v concave_a so_o that_o it_o shine_v
all_o place_n almost_o in_o the_o parallel_n of_o the_o 10_o deg_fw-la even_o unto_o the_o 30_o deg_fw-la north._n after_o the_o same_o manner_n beyond_o the_o tropic_a of_o capricorn_n in_o the_o sea_n between_o the_o promontory_n of_o good-hope_a and_o brazile_n the_o southeast_n wind_n blow_v even_o unto_o the_o 30_o deg_fw-la of_o latitude_n that_o be_v 7_o degree_n beyond_o the_o torrid_a zone_n towards_o the_o south_n and_o that_o through_o the_o whole_a year_n and_o although_o as_o we_o have_v say_v that_o this_o general_a wind_n be_v not_o discover_v on_o all_o coast_n much_o less_o in_o mediterranean_a place_n yet_o in_o some_o it_o be_v sufficient_o observable_a so_o on_o the_o coast_n of_o brazile_n easterly_n unto_o the_o coast_n of_o loango_n the_o southeast_n be_v a_o quotidian_n wind_n although_o that_o other_o wind_n do_v admin_n themselves_o there_o be_v a_o threefold_a cause_n of_o this_o continual_a general_a wind_n allege_v by_o modern_a philosopher_n for_o both_o it_o and_o the_o torrid_a zone_n be_v unknown_a to_o the_o ancient_n who_o have_v not_o so_o much_o as_o mention_v it_o some_o determine_v that_o the_o sun_n be_v the_o cause_n of_o this_o wind_n blow_v from_o the_o east_n to_o the_o west_n by_o reason_n that_o by_o its_o great_a faculty_n it_o rarify_v the_o air_n in_o the_o torrid_a zone_n and_o so_o it_o thrust_v it_o forward_o from_o the_o east_n to_o the_o west_n see_v that_o the_o sun_n itself_o go_v this_o way_n some_o and_o those_o of_o the_o opinion_n of_o pythagoras_n that_o determine_v the_o heaven_n to_o stand_v still_o and_o the_o earth_n to_o move_v round_o some_o of_o they_o i_o say_v suppose_v this_o general_a wind_n to_o proceed_v from_o hence_o viz._n that_o whilst_o the_o earth_n be_v move_v round_o and_o the_o air_n with_o it_o this_o less_o follow_v the_o motion_n of_o the_o earth_n but_o be_v somewhat_o more_o slow_a to_o motion_n and_o therefore_o whilst_o that_o we_o be_v carry_v with_o the_o earth_n from_o the_o west_n to_o the_o east_n the_o air_n move_v with_o less_o celerity_n to_o the_o same_o quarter_n seem_v to_o meet_v we_o and_o to_o be_v move_v from_o the_o east_n to_o the_o west_n when_o that_o yet_o we_o do_v rather_o meet_v it_o principel_v see_v des_n cartes_n in_o his_o 222_o proposition_n of_o he_o principel_v des_fw-mi cartes_n allege_v the_o three_o cause_n and_o that_o altogether_o new_a in_o the_o 222_o proposition_n in_o his_o principle_n where_o he_o endeavour_v to_o show_v that_o the_o moon_n cause_v this_o motion_n as_o well_o as_o the_o motion_n of_o the_o sea_n from_o the_o east_n to_o the_o west_n but_o because_o that_o his_o opinion_n can_v be_v understand_v except_o that_o all_o his_o philosophical_a hypothesis_n shall_v be_v explain_v therefore_o we_o shall_v say_v nothing_o concern_v it_o here_o especial_o see_v that_o we_o shall_v show_v in_o another_o place_n that_o that_o cause_n be_v not_o true_a i_o approve_v of_o the_o first_o cause_n the_o second_o seem_v therefore_o not_o to_o be_v receive_v because_o that_o many_o copernican_n approve_v not_o of_o it_o and_o no_o reason_n can_v be_v give_v why_o this_o wind_n shall_v be_v find_v to_o blow_v only_o between_o the_o tropic_n or_o to_o the_o 30_o deg_fw-la of_o latitude_n and_o not_o in_o the_o whole_a temperate_a zone_n proposition_n iii_o some_o wind_n be_v periodical_a and_o fix_v other_o wander_v and_o erratic_a wander_v some_o wind_n fix_v other_o wander_v those_o be_v term_v fix_v and_o periodical_a which_o blow_n on_o certain_a day_n and_o then_o cease_v for_o a_o certain_a number_n of_o day_n until_o that_o they_o begin_v to_o blow_v again_o some_o return_n in_o the_o space_n of_o half_a a_o year_n othersome_a be_v monthly_o which_o return_v in_o the_o interval_n of_o one_o or_o two_o month_n also_o the_o fix_a wind_n be_v otherwise_o subdivide_v viz._n some_o when_o that_o they_o begin_v to_o blow_v continue_v for_o some_o month_n other_o for_o half_a a_o year_n other_o for_o a_o month_n other_o for_o a_o few_o day_n among_o these_o those_o be_v chief_o observe_v by_o mariner_n which_o blow_n for_o some_o month_n in_o certain_a place_n of_o the_o sea_n and_o they_o call_v these_o wind_n as_o also_o the_o time_n wherein_o such_o wind_n blow_v motion_n or_o moussons_n and_o such_o motion_n be_v more_o especial_o notable_a in_o the_o indian_a ocean_n from_o africa_n to_o the_o philippine_n isle_n although_o that_o they_o be_v not_o want_v in_o other_o place_n there_o be_v a_o very_a great_a moment_n to_o be_v place_v in_o the_o observation_n of_o these_o motion_n for_o seaman_n ought_v to_o choose_v the_o time_n of_o they_o for_o the_o voyage_n that_o they_o intend_v to_o that_o same_o quarter_n or_o that_o which_o be_v collateral_a unto_o which_o that_o wind_n blow_v neither_o to_o undertake_v a_o voyage_n to_o the_o quarter_n of_o this_o motion_n but_o to_o expect_v the_o contrary_a motion_n for_o in_o the_o part_n of_o the_o indian_a ocean_n where_o that_o one_o wind_n cease_v to_o blow_v for_o some_o month_n another_o succee_v contrary_a to_o the_o former_a and_o continue_v with_o the_o same_o constancy_n until_o that_o it_o have_v complete_v its_o time_n and_o therefore_o they_o call_v these_o contrary_a motion_n they_o term_v those_o the_o time_n of_o the_o mutation_n of_o those_o motion_n which_o intercede_v between_o the_o end_n of_o one_o mousson_n and_o the_o begin_n of_o the_o contrary_n for_o one_o motion_n cease_v another_o do_v not_o present_o begin_v to_o blow_v but_o some_o day_n fall_v between_o some_o time_n more_o sometime_o few_o also_o more_o in_o some_o place_n and_o few_o in_o other_o some_o and_o in_o these_o intermedial_a day_n in_o which_o no_o certain_a motion_n blow_v the_o wind_n be_v variable_a the_o calm_a dangerous_a and_o for_o the_o most_o part_n the_o sea_n be_v toss_v with_o uncertain_a wave_n and_o sudden_a tempest_n arise_v some_o of_o these_o motion_n return_v twice_o in_o a_o year_n but_o not_o with_o the_o same_o vehemency_n whence_o mariner_n term_v the_o one_o the_o great_a motion_n the_o other_o the_o lesser_a 1._o in_o that_o part_n of_o the_o atlantic_a ocean_n that_o lie_v in_o the_o torrid_a zone_n as_o also_o that_o which_o be_v in_o the_o temperate_a zone_n the_o north_n wind_n perpetual_o blow_v in_o the_o month_n of_o october_n india_n month_n most_o fit_a to_o take_fw-mi a_o voyage_n from_o europe_n to_o india_n november_n and_o january_n and_o therefore_o these_o month_n be_v chief_o fit_a to_o undertake_v a_o voyage_n in_o from_o europe_n to_o india_n that_o they_o may_v pass_v the_o aequator_fw-la by_o the_o help_n of_o those_o wind_n for_o it_o be_v manifest_a by_o experience_n that_o some_o ship_n that_o have_v set_v sail_n from_o europe_n in_o march_n have_v arrive_v no_o soon_o at_o brazile_n than_o those_o that_o have_v set_v sail_n in_o october_n viz._n both_o of_o they_o have_v come_v thither_o in_o the_o month_n of_o february_n be_v help_v by_o the_o north_n wind_n yet_o because_o that_o this_o wind_n be_v not_o so_o continual_a and_o certain_a therefore_o mariner_n be_v not_o wont_a to_o call_v it_o a_o motion_n neither_o be_v it_o a_o easy_a matter_n to_o render_v a_o cause_n of_o this_o wind_n in_o these_o month_n unless_o you_o will_v refer_v it_o to_o copious_a thick_a vapour_n or_o to_o a_o continnual_a pressure_n make_v from_o thick_a cloud_n but_o those_o that_o have_v winter_v in_o nova_n zembla_n testify_v that_o there_o be_v a_o most_o frequent_a north_n wind_v all_o the_o time_n of_o the_o winter_n where_o this_o effect_n can_v be_v ascribe_v unto_o the_o sun_n rarify_n the_o air_n see_v that_o he_o lie_v obscure_v under_o the_o horizon_n yet_o i_o suppose_v that_o in_o general_a the_o cause_n may_v proceed_v from_o the_o dissolve_v of_o snow_n or_o gross_a vapour_n or_o cloud_n collect_v in_o the_o winter_n in_o the_o northern_a and_o southern_a place_n especial_o on_o the_o mountain_n which_o i_o be_o induce_v to_o believe_v by_o this_o argument_n more_o especial_o because_o that_o these_o motion_n blow_v for_o the_o most_o part_n from_o the_o north_n and_o south_n quarter_n or_o the_o collateral_a unto_o they_o therefore_o by_o reason_n that_o snow_n and_o thick_a cloud_n be_v dissolve_v in_o the_o northern_a place_n by_o the_o sun_n especial_o in_o that_o half_a of_o the_o year_n in_o which_o he_o pass_v through_o the_o north_n part_n of_o the_o ecliptic_a therefore_o those_o motion_n shall_v then_o be_v northern_o after_o the_o same_o manner_n in_o the_o southern_a or_o antarctic_a place_n for_o the_o other_o half_a of_o the_o year_n the_o sun_n dissolve_v the_o snow_n and_o the_o thick_a cloud_n therefore_o then_o the_o motion_n shall_v be_v discover_v southerly_a now_o that_o these_o motion_n blow_v more_o from_o the_o sea_n in_o the_o collateral_a quarter_n
great_a concernment_n yet_o it_o be_v better_a to_o begin_v from_o the_o aequator_fw-la that_o all_o the_o place_n may_v lie_v in_o some_o climate_n proposition_n xv._o to_o show_v the_o use_n of_o the_o table_n of_o the_o climate_n 1._o the_o latitude_n of_o some_o place_n or_o elevation_n of_o the_o pole_n be_v give_v to_o know_v the_o quantity_n of_o the_o long_a day_n in_o that_o place_n and_o the_o climate_n in_o which_o it_o lie_v let_v the_o give_v elevation_n of_o the_o pole_n be_v seek_v in_o the_o table_n and_o on_o the_o opposite_a region_n we_o shall_v find_v both_o the_o quantity_n of_o the_o long_a day_n as_o also_o the_o climate_n and_o the_o parallel_n if_o that_o the_o give_v elevation_n can_v be_v find_v in_o the_o table_n then_o take_v that_o elevation_n which_o be_v less_o near_o or_o the_o like_a which_o be_v find_v in_o the_o table_n climate_n from_o the_o longitude_n of_o the_o long_a day_n of_o any_o place_n to_o know_v the_o latude_n of_o the_o place_n and_o the_o parallel_n and_o climate_n 2._o the_o longitude_n of_o the_o long_a day_n of_o any_o place_n be_v give_v which_o any_o person_n have_v observe_v or_o receive_v by_o relation_n to_o know_v from_o thence_o the_o latitude_n of_o that_o place_n the_o parallel_n and_o the_o climate_n in_o which_o that_o place_n lie_v enter_v the_o table_n with_o the_o latitude_n give_v and_o you_o shall_v see_v on_o the_o opposite_a region_n both_o the_o latitude_n and_o the_o place_n demand_v as_o also_o the_o climate_n and_o parallel_n 3._o a_o climate_n be_v give_v to_o determine_v the_o longitude_n of_o the_o long_a day_n and_o the_o elevation_n of_o the_o pole_n this_o be_v facile_a from_o the_o very_a sight_n of_o the_o table_n chap._n xxvi_o of_o the_o light_n heatt_z cold_a rains_n in_o the_o diverse_a part_n of_o the_o earth_n or_o zone_n and_o other_o property_n of_o the_o zone_n proposition_n i._o these_o cause_n be_v efficacious_a to_o generate_v and_o procure_v light_a heatt_z cold_a and_o rain_n with_o other_o meteor_n in_o the_o place_n of_o the_o earth_n and_o the_o vicine_fw-la air._n heat_n of_o the_o cause_n of_o heat_n 1._o the_o more_o or_o less_o or_o no_o obliquity_n of_o the_o ray_n of_o the_o sun_n come_v to_o or_o emit_v on_o any_o place_n for_o the_o ray_n fall_v perpendicular_a on_o any_o place_n cause_n great_a heat_n and_o the_o other_o ray_n slide_v oblique_o have_v for_o that_o very_a reason_n a_o less_o power_n of_o heat_n by_o how_o much_o the_o obliquity_n of_o they_o be_v the_o great_a that_o be_v by_o how_o much_o the_o more_o they_o decline_v from_o the_o perpendicular_a ray._n 2._o the_o diurnal_a stay_n of_o the_o sun_n above_o the_o horizon_n of_o the_o place_n for_o the_o same_o heat_n make_v more_o hot_a and_o change_v the_o air_n in_o a_o long_a time_n than_o in_o a_o short_a 3._o the_o depression_n of_o the_o sun_n beneath_o the_o horizon_n be_v more_o or_o less_o in_o the_o night_n season_n for_o this_o difference_n of_o depression_n cause_v that_o either_o more_o or_o less_o light_a be_v perceive_v in_o the_o air_n also_o more_o or_o less_o heat_n rain_n thick_a cloud_n hitherto_o belong_v the_o twilight_n 4._o the_o more_o or_o less_o elevation_n of_o the_o moon_n above_o the_o horizon_n the_o more_o or_o less_o depression_n of_o the_o same_o beneath_o the_o horizon_n the_o more_o or_o less_o diurnal_a stay_n of_o the_o same_o above_o the_o horizon_n the_o cause_n be_v the_o same_o with_o those_o allege_v in_o the_o three_o forego_v paragraph_n air._n the_o planet_n and_o fix_a star_n raise_v vapour_n etc._n etc._n in_o the_o air._n 5._o the_o same_o may_v be_v say_v of_o fix_a star_n especial_o of_o those_o more_o note_a one_o and_o of_o the_o five_o other_o planet_n saturn_n jupiter_n mars_n venus_n and_o mercury_n for_o they_o generate_v some_o light_n and_o heat_n in_o the_o air_n although_o it_o be_v but_o little_a and_o change_v the_o air_n divers_a way_n and_o raise_v vapour_n if_o that_o we_o may_v credit_v astronomer_n 6._o the_o propriety_n or_o species_n of_o the_o earth_n of_o every_o place_n for_o where_o the_o earth_n be_v more_o stony_a and_o rocky_a there_o for_o the_o most_o part_n it_o be_v more_o cold_a than_o where_o it_o be_v sulphureous_a and_o fat_a and_o here_o again_o it_o be_v more_o fertile_a where_o there_o be_v much_o sand_n and_o no_o river_n there_o be_v great_a heat_n lake_n fume_n and_o mist_n proceed_v from_o lake_n 7._o lake_n or_o the_o sea_n adjacent_a from_o thence_o also_o fume_n and_o mist_n be_v raise_v more_o moist_a and_o frequent_a in_o the_o air_n and_o the_o ray_n be_v less_o powerful_o reflect_v from_o the_o sea_n than_o from_o the_o earth_n 8._o the_o situation_n of_o place_n for_o the_o sun_n act_v otherwise_o on_o mountain_n and_o mountainous_a place_n than_o on_o valley_n and_o plain_n moreover_o mountain_n hinder_v the_o free_a access_n of_o the_o ray_n of_o the_o sun_n to_o the_o subject_a place_n for_o to_o they_o the_o vapour_n of_o the_o air_n be_v in_o some_o sort_n attract_v 20._o see_v chap._n 20._o whence_o the_o mountain_n change_v the_o season_n of_o the_o adjacent_a place_n as_o heatt_z rain_n and_o the_o like_a for_o these_o will_v be_v otherwise_o in_o the_o subject_a place_n if_o that_o the_o mountain_n be_v absent_a weather_n the_o wind_n cause_n difference_n in_o the_o weather_n 9_o the_o wind_n especial_o the_o general_a so_o the_o etesian_a wind_n temperate_a and_o allay_v the_o canicular_a heat_n a_o general_a wind_n in_o the_o torrid_a zone_n especial_o the_o subsolan_n wind_n in_o brasilia_n render_v the_o heat_n temperate_a when_o in_o africa_n which_o be_v occidental_a the_o heat_n be_v vehement_a because_o these_o place_n feel_v not_o so_o general_a a_o wind._n the_o northern_a wind_n be_v cold_a and_o dry_a the_o southern_a warm_a and_o moist_a in_o our_o place_n 10._o cloud_n rain_n and_o fog_n take_v away_o and_o diminish_v light_a and_o heat_n i_o suppose_v that_o there_o be_v not_o many_o cause_n of_o this_o variety_n in_o light_n and_o heat_n etc._n etc._n which_o be_v observe_v in_o divers_a place_n of_o the_o earth_n or_o also_o in_o the_o same_o place_n but_o yet_o in_o a_o different_a time_n or_o season_n proposition_n ii_o how_o be_v the_o season_n of_o the_o year_n spring_n summer_n autumn_n and_o winter_n to_o be_v define_v year_n the_o four_o season_n of_o the_o year_n although_o in_o science_n we_o ought_v not_o to_o contend_v and_o dispute_v concern_v definition_n yet_o because_o certain_a homonyme_n or_o likeness_n do_v here_o occur_v without_o the_o explication_n of_o which_o there_o will_v arise_v much_o confusion_n in_o the_o follow_a doctrine_n therefore_o i_o will_v so_o propose_v this_o question_n that_o you_o may_v the_o more_o cautious_o avoid_v this_o homonyme_n that_o they_o may_v not_o be_v deceive_v and_o entangle_v by_o the_o same_o the_o question_n comprehend_v two_o difficulty_n first_o whether_o these_o season_n ought_v to_o be_v define_v from_o the_o entrance_n of_o the_o sun_n and_o his_o stay_n in_o certain_a sing_v of_o the_o ecliptic_a and_o zodiac_n astrologer_n according_a to_o astronomer_n and_o astrologer_n for_o so_o astronomer_n and_o astrologer_n common_o do_v say_v that_o that_o be_v the_o spring_n whilst_o the_o sun_n move_v from_o the_o first_o degree_n of_o aries_n to_o the_o first_o of_o cancer_n that_o be_v summer_n whilst_o the_o sun_n move_v from_o the_o first_o of_o cancer_n to_o the_o first_o of_o libra_n that_o be_v autumn_n whilst_o the_o sun_n move_v from_o the_o first_o of_o libra_n to_o the_o first_o of_o capricorn_n and_o that_o be_v winter_n whilst_o the_o sun_n move_v from_o the_o first_o of_o capricorn_n to_o the_o first_o degree_n of_o aries_n now_o it_o be_v manifest_a that_o these_o definition_n be_v not_o general_a and_o agreeable_a to_o all_o place_n because_o they_o be_v only_o of_o force_n in_o the_o northern_a place_n situate_v from_o the_o aequator_fw-la towards_o the_o 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the_o season_n in_o many_o place_n of_o the_o torrid_a zone_n be_v contrary_a to_o the_o motion_n of_o the_o sun_n viz._n that_o it_o be_v summer_n there_o when_o the_o sun_n be_v most_o distant_a and_o winter_n when_o he_o be_v near_o yea_o vertical_a to_o the_o vertex_fw-la therefore_o we_o have_v distinguish_v the_o season_n into_o celestial_a and_o terrestrial_a we_o have_v show_v heretofore_o and_o that_o in_o the_o three_o and_o four_o proposition_n how_o any_o place_n be_v give_v in_o that_o torrid_a zone_n the_o month_n of_o the_o year_n be_v to_o be_v find_v in_o which_o the_o place_n ought_v to_o have_v summer_n spring_n autumn_n and_o winter_n if_o we_o have_v regard_n to_o the_o access_n and_o recess_n of_o the_o sun_n that_o be_v we_o have_v teach_v to_o design_n the_o time_n of_o the_o celestial_a season_n but_o see_v that_o in_o many_o place_n of_o this_o zone_n the_o forementioned_a season_n do_v not_o happen_v in_o those_o month_n but_o in_o other_o and_o that_o in_o 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chief_o by_o siccity_n and_o humidiy_n for_o in_o the_o winter_n they_o have_v often_o great_a heat_n than_o in_o their_o summer_n with_o a_o shortness_n of_o respiration_n because_o the_o rain_n and_o the_o cloud_n press_v the_o calid_a air_n downward_o but_o the_o spring_n and_o autumn_n be_v not_o to_o be_v find_v by_o so_o manifest_a sign_n or_o difference_n we_o shall_v begin_v our_o narration_n from_o that_o part_n of_o africa_n which_o lie_v under_o the_o torrid_a zone_n and_o proceed_v towards_o the_o east_n with_o brazilia_n we_o shall_v finish_v the_o whole_a torrid_a zone_n seat_v in_o the_o west_n measure_v by_o we_o the_o region_n of_o the_o occidental_a shore_n of_o africa_n from_o the_o tropic_a of_o cancer_n to_o cape_n verd_fw-mi that_o be_v distant_a 14_o degree_n from_o the_o aequator_fw-la towards_o the_o north_n be_v all_o abound_a both_o with_o corn_n and_o variety_n of_o fruit_n there_o be_v also_o herd_n of_o cattle_n and_o flock_n of_o sheep_n in_o great_a abundance_n the_o inhabitant_n be_v of_o a_o great_a strength_n the_o heat_n of_o the_o air_n a_o little_a exceed_v mediocrity_n so_o that_o the_o inhabitant_n go_v naked_a except_o the_o noble_a and_o those_o that_o be_v rich_a who_o clothing_n be_v a_o linen_n cloth_n the_o cause_n of_o this_o fertility_n and_o temperate_a air_n contrary_a to_o the_o custom_n of_o the_o torrid_a zone_n be_v first_o many_o river_n of_o which_o the_o chief_a be_v senega_n and_o gambea_n before_o they_o discharge_v themselves_o into_o the_o neighbour_a sea_n they_o water_v those_o region_n and_o render_v the_o air_n more_o humid_a and_o frigid_a second_o the_o vicinity_n of_o the_o sea_n which_o afford_v humid_a vapour_n and_o somewhat_o cold_a wind_n how_o the_o season_n of_o the_o year_n have_v themselves_o in_o this_o place_n and_o what_o month_n of_o the_o year_n summer_n and_o winter_n happen_v and_o be_v vigorous_a i_o have_v not_o find_v note_v by_o writer_n which_o be_v to_o be_v impute_v to_o their_o negligence_n and_o sloth_n yet_o in_o one_o itinerary_n i_o have_v read_v that_o in_o one_o of_o the_o island_n which_o lie_v not_o far_o from_o the_o promontory_n of_o cape_n verd_fw-mi by_o name_n salinae_n or_o the_o hesperides_n in_o one_o of_o they_o i_o say_v call_v st._n vincent_n the_o latitude_n be_v 16_o degree_n the_o watery_a month_n that_o be_v winter_n be_v august_n september_n november_n december_n january_n even_o to_o february_n this_o time_n almost_o agree_v with_o the_o celestial_a cause_n for_o in_o the_o month_n of_o may_n june_n and_o july_n because_o the_o sun_n be_v very_o near_o or_o else_o vertical_a to_o that_o place_n therefore_o it_o make_v the_o celestial_a summer_n and_o here_o the_o terrestrial_a agree_v with_o it_o for_o than_o they_o have_v a_o great_a heat_n and_o dry_a air_n without_o rain_n in_o the_o month_n of_o february_n march_n and_o april_n be_v their_o spring_n be-because_a the_o sun_n be_v move_v from_o a_o moderate_a distance_n to_o a_o lesser_a therefore_o they_o be_v then_o without_o rain_n and_o have_v a_o moderate_a heat_n the_o month_n of_o august_n september_n and_o october_n be_v to_o be_v ascribe_v to_o autumn_n by_o reason_n of_o the_o rain_n although_o it_o ought_v to_o begin_v latter_a because_o the_o sun_n in_o august_n have_v not_o yet_o return_v from_o his_o least_o distance_n to_o his_o mean_v last_o the_o month_n november_n december_n and_o january_n be_v winter_n because_o the_o sun_n have_v then_o the_o great_a distance_n from_o their_o vertex_fw-la and_o then_o they_o find_v more_o and_o long_o continue_v rain_n with_o some_o cold_a but_o this_o be_v not_o to_o be_v observe_v every_o year_n though_o most_o year_n but_o how_o the_o season_n be_v in_o the_o continent_n of_o africa_n be_v not_o relate_v except_o that_o concern_v the_o shore_n of_o sierra_n leon_n it_o be_v contrary_a as_o we_o shall_v now_o speak_v 2._o now_o succeed_v the_o region_n of_o the_o coast_n of_o africa_n which_o look_v towards_o the_o south_n and_o extend_v themselves_o from_o the_o promontory_n of_o cape_n verd_fw-mi to_o the_o curvature_n or_o bend_a part_n of_o africa_n that_o be_v from_o the_o west_n to_o east_n these_o region_n be_v term_v by_o one_o name_n guiny_n although_o other_o attribute_v this_o term_n only_o to_o one_o part_n now_o they_o lie_v in_o the_o torrid_a northern_a zone_n 3.4_o and_o more_o degree_n from_o the_o aequator_fw-la in_o these_o region_n there_o be_v a_o continual_a heat_n of_o the_o air_n without_o any_o intervening_a cold_a yet_o they_o attribute_v some_o month_n to_o the_o summer_n and_o some_o to_o the_o winter_n i_o think_v the_o same_o must_v be_v understand_v of_o the_o former_a western_a coast_n for_o in_o the_o region_n of_o the_o shore_n call_v sierra_n leon_n which_o be_v remove_v above_o 9_o degree_n from_o the_o aequator_fw-la towards_o the_o north_n as_o also_o in_o many_o tract_n of_o guiny_n they_o ascribe_v the_o month_n march_v april_n may_n june_n and_o july_n to_o winter_n especial_o the_o three_o first_o by_o reason_n that_o on_o these_o month_n there_o fall_v frequent_a and_o almost_o continual_a rain_n hot_a or_o warm_a great_a thunder_n and_o lightning_n and_o so_o great_a storm_n rage_n without_o violent_a wind_n that_o none_o can_v easy_o conceive_v they_o 21._o see_v chap._n 21._o who_o have_v not_o have_v experience_n of_o they_o how_o they_o rage_v i_o have_v already_o speak_v also_o in_o these_o month_n the_o field_n lie_v barren_a but_o when_o these_o stormy_a month_n be_v expire_v than_o they_o dig_v up_o the_o dry_a earth_n which_o have_v suck_v up_o the_o great_a rain_n in_o the_o say_v wet_a month_n and_o mix_v stamp_v and_o bruise_a coal_n instead_o of_o manure_v and_o so_o for_o the_o space_n of_o 10_o day_n suffer_v the_o earth_n to_o putrify_v and_o then_o they_o sow_v their_o seed_n there_o be_v here_o so_o great_a a_o heat_n of_o the_o air_n join_v with_o humidity_n by_o reason_n of_o the_o propinquity_n of_o the_o sea_n that_o the_o fish_n which_o be_v take_v stink_n if_o keep_v undress_v half_a a_o day_n therefore_o in_o these_o place_n the_o winter_n shall_v be_v in_o april_n may_n and_o june_n when_o the_o storm_n and_o rains_n rage_n the_o spring_n in_o july_n august_n and_o september_n the_o summer_n in_o october_n november_n and_o december_n and_o the_o autumn_n in_o january_n february_n and_o march_v where_o the_o rain_n and_o storm_n do_v begin_v now_o all_o these_o time_n of_o the_o season_n in_o those_o place_n be_v contrary_a to_o the_o celestial_a cause_n or_o motion_n of_o the_o sun_n for_o in_o the_o month_n of_o may_n june_n and_o july_n great_a heat_n ought_v to_o be_v there_o because_o then_o the_o sun_n be_v then_o vertical_a or_o near_o the_o vertex_fw-la which_o the_o heat_n or_o warmness_n of_o the_o rain_n also_o
testify_v contrariwise_o in_o the_o month_n of_o october_n november_n and_o december_n it_o shall_v be_v winter_n because_o that_o the_o sun_n be_v about_o the_o beginning_n and_o tropic_a of_o capricorn_n be_v most_o remote_a from_o the_o vertex_fw-la of_o those_o place_n here_o therefore_o the_o time_n of_o the_o terrestrial_a season_n do_v much_o differ_v from_o the_o celestial_a season_n the_o cause_n therefore_o of_o these_o rain_n storm_n and_o thunder_n at_o that_o time_n in_o those_o place_n when_o the_o sun_n be_v so_o near_o be_v not_o easy_a to_o be_v explicate_v but_o it_o seem_v to_o be_v that_o the_o sun_n in_o the_o day_n time_n force_v up_o many_o vapour_n from_o the_o sea_n and_o sulphureous_a exhalation_n from_o the_o land_n of_o guiny_n which_o vapour_n be_v condense_v by_o the_o cool_a of_o the_o night_n cause_n the_o rain_n especial_o when_o no_o continual_a wind_n blow_v in_o these_o place_n which_o may_v discuss_v the_o vapour_n but_o for_o the_o most_o part_n here_o be_v a_o calm_a some_o storm_n except_v and_o these_o month_n of_o rain_n which_o they_o attribute_v to_o winter_n be_v not_o cold_a but_o hot_a because_o no_o wind_n blow_v and_o the_o sun_n be_v vertical_a yea_o the_o heat_n be_v suffocative_a which_o be_v the_o cause_n of_o shortness_n of_o respiration_n to_o the_o inhabitant_n and_o although_o the_o field_n be_v barren_a of_o grain_n in_o these_o watery_a month_n yet_o the_o tree_n and_o bush_n be_v in_o their_o verdure_n all_o the_o year_n and_o bear_v fruit._n the_o day_n be_v here_o equal_a to_o the_o night_n almost_o throughout_o the_o whole_a year_n the_o sun_n in_o the_o east_n rise_v at_o six_o in_o the_o morning_n and_o set_v in_o the_o west_n at_o six_o in_o the_o evening_n but_o the_o easterly_a or_o westerly_a sun_n be_v seldom_o conspicuous_a there_o because_o for_o the_o most_o part_n he_o arise_v involve_v with_o cloud_n for_o half_a a_o hour_n and_o half_a a_o hour_n before_o he_o set_v he_o be_v again_o envelop_v with_o cloud_n that_o also_o deserve_v consideration_n why_o in_o the_o month_n of_o july_n and_o august_n the_o same_o rain_n and_o storm_n rage_v not_o there_o see_v that_o the_o sun_n be_v then_o as_o equal_o nigh_o to_o those_o place_n as_o in_o the_o month_n of_o may_n and_o june_n moreover_o why_o in_o the_o island_n of_o the_o hesperide_n which_o be_v not_o so_o far_o remove_v from_o sierra_n leon_n and_o guiny_n the_o winter_n fall_v out_o in_o contrary_a month_n 3._o how_o the_o time_n of_o the_o season_n be_v in_o the_o interior_a or_o mediterranean_a part_n of_o africa_n which_o be_v include_v in_o the_o arch_n of_o the_o tropic_a of_o cancer_n the_o region_n of_o the_o occidental_a shore_n and_o guiny_n or_o the_o land_n of_o the_o negro_n concern_v which_o i_o have_v find_v nothing_o as_o yet_o note_v but_o that_o all_o those_o place_n be_v almost_o sterile_a except_o those_o adjacent_a to_o the_o river_n niger_n for_o that_o river_n every_o year_n in_o the_o month_n of_o june_n july_n and_o august_n overflow_v and_o communicate_v much_o fertility_n to_o those_o land_n and_o moreover_o form_v many_o lake_n the_o other_o place_n confine_v on_o lybia_n be_v infest_a with_o violent_a heat_n be_v for_o the_o most_o part_n sandy_n the_o watery_a month_n do_v not_o seem_v to_o bear_v sway_n here_o after_o the_o same_o mode_n as_o in_o guiny_n 4._o now_o follow_v the_o region_n of_o the_o coast_n of_o the_o tongue_n of_o africa_n which_o be_v stretch_v from_o the_o north_n towards_o the_o south_n and_o regard_v the_o west_n the_o region_n be_v manicongo_n angola_n and_o the_o like_a from_o the_o second_o degree_n of_o northern_a latitude_n even_o to_o the_o tropic_a south_n of_o capricorn_n beyond_o the_o aequator_fw-la now_o the_o kingdom_n of_o congo_n begin_v from_o the_o second_o degree_n of_o south_n latitude_n the_o winter_n in_o these_o place_n be_v like_o the_o constitution_n of_o the_o vernal_a season_n in_o the_o territory_n of_o rome_n in_o italy_n the_o heat_n temperate_a so_o that_o they_o alter_v their_o garment_n in_o no_o time_n of_o the_o year_n neither_o be_v the_o top_n of_o the_o adjacent_a mountain_n infest_a with_o cold_a here_o almost_o with_o our_o spring_n the_o watery_a winter_n begin_v and_o continue_v april_n may_n june_n july_n august_n and_o good_a part_n of_o september_n at_o that_o time_n the_o summer_n begin_v which_o possess_v the_o other_o month_n even_o to_o the_o 10_o of_o march_n even_o in_o this_o summer_n they_o have_v no_o rain_n or_o at_o least_o very_a little_a and_o seldom_o have_v a_o continual_a serenity_n but_o in_o the_o watery_a month_n the_o sun_n be_v scarce_o to_o be_v see_v on_o any_o day_n perpetual_a cloud_n and_o rain_n so_o obstruct_v the_o air_n also_o frequent_a travado_n or_o storm_n it_o do_v not_o rain_v whole_a day_n but_o for_o the_o most_o part_n hour_n before_o and_o two_o hour_n after_o noon_n great_a drop_n fall_v which_o be_v soon_o receive_v by_o the_o droughty_a earth_n therefore_o although_o the_o inhabitant_n divide_v the_o year_n only_o into_o two_o part_n it_o may_v be_v distribute_v into_o four_o our_o common_a people_n also_o do_v usual_o divide_v the_o year_n into_o summer_n and_o winter_n because_o the_o spring_n be_v comprise_v in_o the_o summer_n and_o the_o autumn_n in_o the_o winter_n these_o time_n of_o the_o terrestrial_a season_n in_o these_o place_n almost_o agree_v with_o the_o celestial_a course_n for_o from_o the_o 25_o of_o march_n april_n may_n june_n july_n august_n to_o the_o 25_o of_o september_n the_o sun_n depart_v from_o those_o place_n to_o the_o tropic_a of_o cancer_n where_o he_o be_v most_o remote_a from_o they_o the_o 21_o of_o june_n and_o the_o rest_n of_o the_o time_n he_o approach_v again_o to_o they_o so_o that_o on_o the_o 30_o of_o september_n he_o become_v vertical_a to_o they_o and_o go_v to_o a_o moderate_a distance_n towards_o the_o tropic_a of_o capricorn_n and_o return_v from_o thence_o in_o the_o month_n of_o october_n november_n december_n january_n and_o february_n so_o that_o in_o march_n he_o again_o become_v vertical_a therefore_o in_o those_o month_n they_o have_v a_o summer_n by_o reason_n of_o the_o vicinity_n of_o the_o sun_n who_o effect_n be_v not_o here_o hinder_v by_o a_o terestrial_a cause_n and_o then_o again_o in_o the_o month_n from_o the_o 10_o of_o march_n to_o the_o 10_o of_o september_n they_o have_v winter_n because_o then_o the_o sun_n be_v more_o remove_v from_o they_o but_o the_o time_n of_o the_o spring_n autumn_n summer_n and_o winter_n which_o we_o have_v assign_v do_v not_o well_o agree_v with_o the_o celestial_a course_n and_o i_o doubt_v whether_o the_o summer_n and_o winter_n may_v be_v distinguish_v into_o the_o spring_n and_o autumn_n in_o those_o place_n therefore_o here_o a_o more_o easy_a cause_n may_v be_v render_v why_o in_o those_o month_n from_o the_o 10_o of_o march_n to_o the_o 10_o of_o september_n they_o shall_v have_v a_o quotidian_a rain_n and_o some_o kind_n of_o winter_n viz._n because_o the_o sun_n depart_v from_o their_o vertex_fw-la towards_o the_o place_n of_o the_o great_a distance_n but_o this_o cause_n be_v not_o only_o sufficient_a because_o it_o be_v not_o able_a of_o its_o self_n to_o produce_v such_o a_o effect_n but_o another_o must_v be_v add_v the_o top_n of_o the_o mountain_n which_o lie_v not_o far_o from_o these_o maritime_a place_n towards_o the_o east_n be_v discern_v in_o those_o watery_a month_n to_o be_v continual_o cover_v with_o snow_n wind._n the_o wind_n be_v the_o northwest_n wind._n and_o this_o be_v cause_v by_o reason_n of_o the_o fix_a wind_n which_o in_o these_o month_n there_o blow_v therefore_o the_o sun_n elevate_v the_o vapour_n very_o much_o from_o the_o sea_n and_o this_o fix_a wind_n force_v they_o towards_o the_o top_n of_o the_o mountain_n where_o they_o be_v condense_v and_o then_o turn_v to_o rain_v and_o from_o the_o rain_n which_o fall_v from_o the_o mountain_n spring_v the_o inundation_n of_o the_o nile_n and_o other_o river_n of_o africa_n moreover_o we_o must_v know_v that_o in_o these_o watery_a month_n the_o river_n of_o congo_n overflow_v the_o adjacent_a field_n which_o cause_v great_a fertility_n in_o they_o and_o also_o disgorge_v great_a quantity_n of_o water_n into_o the_o sea_n 5._o in_o the_o maritime_a region_n lowango_n adjacent_a to_o congo_n there_o be_v also_o observe_v to_o be_v rainy_n month_n and_o other_o month_n of_o summer_n that_o be_v serene_a but_o that_o which_o be_v to_o be_v admire_v be_v that_o they_o be_v not_o the_o same_o with_o those_o in_o which_o we_o say_v the_o rain_n do_v wax_n vigorous_a in_o the_o month_n of_o january_n february_n march_n and_o april_n when_o yet_o it_o be_v summer_n and_o a_o serene_a air_n in_o january_n and_o
the_o brazilian_o in_o the_o month_n of_o october_n and_o february_n and_o strike_v the_o earth_n with_o reflex_n ray_n at_o most_o acute_a angle_n which_o diversity_n of_o these_o region_n promise_v the_o inhabitant_n perpetual_a health_n by_o reason_n of_o the_o often_o calm_v and_o the_o air_n quell_v all_o noxious_a heat_n hence_o it_o be_v easy_a to_o dollect_v that_o the_o season_n of_o the_o year_n do_v not_o so_o much_o depend_v immediate_o on_o the_o sun_n and_o his_o motion_n as_o on_o the_o species_n of_o the_o wind_n the_o diversity_n of_o aspect_n of_o the_o star_n the_o quality_n and_o peculiar_a situation_n of_o the_o region_n moreover_o in_o these_o mediterranean_a region_n towards_o the_o west_n the_o night_n be_v more_o cold_a than_o in_o the_o maritime_a so_o much_o some_o time_n that_o the_o frost_n seize_v on_o the_o very_a hair_n of_o the_o people_n in_o the_o same_o month_n from_o the_o east_n about_o the_o ocean_n be_v summer_n and_o siccity_n brazilia_n no_o island_n be_v opposite_a to_o brazilia_n from_o the_o west_n beyond_o the_o ridge_n of_o the_o mountain_n and_o the_o marsh_n of_o brazilia_n be_v the_o winter_n fog_n and_o rain_n oftentimes_o the_o heaven_n may_v be_v see_v cover_v with_o vast_a cloud_n from_o the_o east_n towards_o the_o west_n but_o those_o again_o very_o thin_a except_o in_o the_o day_n of_o the_o rain_n the_o sun_n both_o rise_n and_o set_v may_v be_v behold_v with_o fix_a eye_n for_o there_o be_v a_o wonderful_a serenity_n on_o every_o side_n especial_o towards_o the_o evening_n which_o never_o aford_v any_o vapour_n or_o cloud_n to_o the_o succeed_a moon_n but_o render_v the_o night_n so_o clear_a that_o the_o old_a and_o new_a moon_n may_v be_v see_v in_o one_o and_o the_o same_o day_n and_o letter_n may_v be_v well_o read_v it_o the_o quarter_n moon_n the_o aether_n in_o respect_n of_o the_o diversity_n of_o the_o planet_n other_o inseriour_a cause_n accede_v receive_v its_o distemperature_n for_o the_o heaven_n about_o evening_n be_v bright_a with_o lightning_n without_o thunder_n in_o the_o most_o dry_a and_o serene_a season_n the_o drop_n of_o rain_n be_v very_o great_a and_o fall_v with_o great_a violence_n which_o be_v wont_a to_o be_v precede_v by_o a_o suffocative_a warmness_n the_o dew_n here_o be_v more_o fruitful_a than_o that_o of_o europe_n be_v impregnate_v with_o much_o winter_n and_o therefore_o be_v more_o penetrate_a and_o thin_a especial_o in_o summer_n which_o be_v manifest_a in_o all_o metal_n and_o in_o iron_n especial_o which_o it_o easy_o eat_v up_o without_o the_o assistance_n of_o any_o cloud_n the_o meadow_n and_o open_a field_n do_v less_o wax_v green_a in_o the_o summer_n but_o more_o especial_o in_o the_o pluvial_a month_n although_o the_o earth_n then_o seem_v somewhat_o more_o sad_a to_o the_o inhabitant_n and_o the_o place_n unfit_a for_o tillage_n afford_v pasture_n piso_n see_v piso_n all_o the_o land_n of_o brazilia_n arise_v into_o moderate_a and_o pleasant_a hill_n there_o be_v no_o mountain_n of_o any_o great_a height_n in_o the_o coast_n but_o yet_o some_o be_v discover_v afar_o off_o in_o the_o solitude_n among_o the_o barren_a hill_n yet_o not_o every_o where_n but_o with_o some_o interval_n of_o miles_n the_o valley_n be_v interpose_v every_o one_o irrigate_v with_o some_o small_a river_n and_o for_o that_o reason_n be_v not_o only_o fertile_a in_o the_o pluvial_a month_n but_o also_o in_o those_o of_o the_o summer_n the_o hill_n in_o the_o summer_n month_n be_v sterile_a by_o reason_n of_o the_o heat_n of_o the_o sun_n so_o that_o they_o wither_v and_o grass_n do_v not_o only_o die_v on_o they_o but_o sometime_o the_o tree_n also_o it_o very_o seldom_o rain_v throughout_o the_o whole_a day_n and_o night_n and_o for_o some_o continual_a day_n very_o seldom_o without_o intermission_n the_o pluvial_a month_n do_v a_o little_a differ_v in_o the_o year_n 1640._o as_o mariner_n have_v observe_v there_o be_v 7_o pluvial_a month_n viz_o february_n march_n april_n may_n june_n july_n and_o august_n but_o most_o and_o almost_o continual_o from_o april_n may_n and_o june_n in_o the_o year_n 1642._o the_o most_o pluvial_a month_n six_o viz._n march_n april_n may_n june_n july_n and_o august_n but_o the_o account_n of_o the_o other_o year_n be_v not_o much_o different_a now_o these_o observation_n be_v to_o be_v take_v only_o for_o one_o place_n and_o not_o for_o all_o the_o place_n in_o brazilia_n hence_o it_o be_v manifest_a that_o the_o summer_n and_o winter_n of_o brazilia_n answer_v to_o the_o celestial_a account_n see_v that_o in_o the_o great_a distance_n of_o the_o sun_n they_o have_v rain_n and_o in_o the_o least_o and_o moderate_a towards_o the_o south_n they_o have_v heat_n yet_o there_o be_v not_o a_o few_o irregularity_n the_o cause_n of_o which_o be_v to_o be_v seek_v from_o the_o situation_n of_o the_o wind_n and_o earth_n october_n the_o six_o rainy_a month_n be_v may_n june_n july_n august_n september_n and_o october_n 18._o this_o be_v enough_o for_o the_o southern_a america_n in_o the_o northern_a it_o be_v otherwise_o for_o in_o the_o province_n of_o nicaragua_n it_o rain_v for_o six_o month_n and_o the_o other_o six_o month_n it_o be_v summer_n and_o dry_a weather_n so_o that_o passenger_n may_v travel_v in_o the_o night_n this_o now_o be_v contrary_a to_o the_o celestial_a course_n for_o in_o the_o wet_a month_n for_o in_o may_n june_n and_o so_o on_o to_o november_n the_o sun_n be_v vertical_a or_o near_o the_o vertex_fw-la unto_o these_o place_n so_o that_o then_o they_o shall_v have_v summer_n and_o siccity_n and_o not_o rain_v in_o november_n and_o december_n it_o be_v very_o distant_a therefore_o they_o shall_v there_o have_v rain_n thus_o have_v we_o declare_v the_o season_n of_o the_o chief_a place_n of_o the_o whole_a torrid_a zone_n from_o which_o be_v compare_v one_o with_o another_o we_o collect_v 1._o that_o in_o some_o place_n the_o cold_a be_v scarce_o sensible_a in_o some_o part_n of_o the_o year_n and_o therefore_o the_o winter_n be_v rather_o to_o be_v define_v by_o the_o rain_n than_o by_o cold_a in_o those_o place_n 2._o in_o some_o place_n the_o cold_a be_v sufficient_o sensible_a 3._o in_o the_o night_n time_n especial_o in_o the_o last_o quarter_n the_o air_n be_v discover_v to_o be_v very_o cold_a by_o reason_n of_o the_o depression_n of_o the_o sun_n beneath_o the_o horizon_n 4._o that_o it_o be_v not_o the_o least_o cause_n of_o the_o tolerable_a heat_n and_o that_o those_o region_n be_v inhabit_v viz._n that_o no_o day_n be_v there_o long_o but_o almost_o equal_a to_o the_o night_n for_o if_o the_o day_n be_v as_o long_o there_o the_o sun_n remain_v above_o the_o horizon_n as_o in_o the_o place_n of_o the_o temperate_a and_o frigid_a zone_n then_o doubtless_o they_o will_v be_v uninhabited_a 5._o that_o the_o wind_n do_v much_o diminish_v the_o heat_n of_o the_o sun_n 6._o that_o place_n which_o lie_v in_o one_o and_o the_o same_o climate_n have_v the_o summer_n and_o winter_n in_o divers_a time_n although_o they_o be_v very_o near_o to_o one_o another_o 7._o that_o those_o place_n which_o have_v siccity_n and_o humidity_n contrary_a to_o the_o access_n and_o recess_n of_o the_o sun_n be_v so_o situate_v that_o on_o the_o east_n they_o have_v ridge_n of_o mountain_n and_o that_o they_o regard_v the_o west_n peru_n except_v 8._o that_o the_o season_n observe_v no_o certain_a rule_n in_o the_o place_n of_o the_o torrid_a zone_n 9_o that_o although_o most_o of_o the_o inhabitant_n divide_v the_o year_n into_o two_o season_n which_o be_v likewise_o observe_v by_o many_o writer_n to_o wit_n a_o pluvial_a and_o dry_a season_n yet_o it_o may_v apt_o be_v divide_v into_o four_o so_o that_o they_o may_v not_o only_o have_v a_o summer_n and_o a_o winter_n but_o also_o a_o spring_n and_o a_o autumn_n for_o as_o in_o our_o part_n the_o spring_n approach_v near_o the_o nature_n of_o summer_n and_o the_o autumn_n of_o winter_n so_o also_o the_o dry_a place_n of_o the_o torrid_a zone_n may_v be_v divide_v 10._o and_o last_o in_o some_o place_n there_o be_v a_o continual_a harvest_n in_o some_o only_o in_o two_o part_n of_o the_o year_n and_o in_o other_o only_o in_o one_o part_n of_o the_o year_n proposition_n xii_o to_o show_v how_o the_o four_o season_n of_o the_o year_n be_v make_v etc._n etc._n in_o the_o place_n of_o the_o temperate_a zone_n zone_n of_o the_o season_n of_o the_o year_n in_o place_n lie_v in_o the_o temperate_a zone_n 1._o in_o these_o place_n that_o cause_n which_o we_o have_v place_v in_o the_o first_o place_n among_o the_o cause_n of_o the_o season_n in_o the_o first_o proposition_n of_o this_o chapter_n be_v so_o potent_a in_o respect_n of_o the_o other_o cause_n that_o that_o
ebuisa_n of_o about_o 150_o mile_n in_o circuit_n who_o chief_a place_n be_v so_o call_v and_o its_o port_n be_v magno_fw-la the_o chief_a commodity_n which_o it_o afford_v be_v salt_n of_o which_o here_o be_v make_v a_o great_a quantity_n and_o about_o ten_o mile_n from_o this_o isle_n be_v the_o other_o call_v pormentera_n pormentara_n isle_n of_o pormentara_n which_o be_v about_o fifty_o mile_n in_o circuit_n the_o people_n be_v excellent_a swimmer_n as_o well_o the_o woman_n as_o the_o men._n the_o air_n of_o the_o whole_a country_n of_o spain_n be_v general_o good_a and_o healthful_a and_o the_o soil_v fertile_a enough_o be_v it_o well_o cultivate_v but_o the_o thinness_n of_o its_o inhabitant_n since_o their_o settle_n in_o america_n be_v the_o chief_a cause_n thereof_o the_o whole_a country_n be_v catholic_n it_o have_v 11_o archbishop_n 56_o bishop_n 20_o or_o 25000_o parish_n and_o abundance_n of_o very_a rich_a abbey_n and_o monastery_n spain_n chief_z rivers_z in_o spain_n in_o spain_n be_v five_o great_a river_n viz._n the_o douro_n the_o tagus_n or_o tago_n the_o guadiana_n the_o guadalquiver_n and_o the_o ebro_n or_o iborus_n the_o douro_n be_v esteem_v for_o force_n the_o tagus_n for_o its_o renown_n the_o guadalquiver_n for_o its_o riches_n the_o ebro_n for_o its_o name_n and_o the_o guadiana_n not_o have_v wherewith_o to_o answer_v the_o other_o for_o shame_n hide_v itself_o under_o ground_n spain_n chief_a hill_n in_o spain_n the_o chief_a hill_n in_o spain_n be_v seir_n morena_n be_v a_o chain_n of_o hill_n decline_v from_o the_o midst_n of_o spain_n towards_o the_o strait_n of_o gibraltar_n and_o upon_o these_o hill_n it_o be_v that_o cervantes_n the_o wit_n of_o spain_n make_v the_o scene_n of_o the_o many_o warlike_a exploit_n achieve_v by_o the_o flower_n of_o knight_n errantry_n don_n quixot_n de_fw-fr la_fw-fr manche_n 2._o inbalda_fw-la or_o idubalda_fw-la which_o extend_v itself_o from_o the_o pyreniae_n towards_o portugal_n and_o 3._o seira_n nevada_n which_o from_o east_n to_o west_n cross_v granada_n and_o be_v very_o high_a hill_n italy_n ought_v to_o be_v consider_v in_o three_o or_o four_o principal_a part_n which_o shall_v be_v those_o of_o lombardy_n which_o may_v be_v divide_v into_o the_o high_a where_o be_v the_o estate_n of_o piedmont_n which_o belong_v to_o the_o duchy_n of_o savoy_n and_o comprehend_v the_o duchy_n of_o aost_n aoste_n signieury_n of_o verceil_n verceili_n principality_n of_o piedmont_n turine_n county_n of_o ast_n astr_n marquisate_n of_o saluce_n saluzzo_n county_n of_o nice_a nizza_n or_o nice_a milan_n which_o comprehend_v the_o duchy_n of_o milan_n milan_n lake_n of_o como_n como_n lodesan_n lodi_n cremonese_n cremona_n pavese_n pavia_n tortonese_n tortona_n alexandrin_n alexandria_n laumelline_a valenca_n novarese_n novara_n genes_n or_o genoa_n which_o be_v divide_v in_o the_o eastern_a river_n getroa_n sarzana_n the_o western_a river_n savona_n arbengue_n vintimiglia_n montferrat_n to_o the_o duke_n of_o mantova_n alba._n to_o the_o duke_n of_o savoy_n trin._n lower_v where_o be_v the_o estate_n of_o the_o republic_n of_o venice_n which_o possess_v the_o province_n or_o part_n of_o bergamase_v bergarne_n cremase_v crema_fw-la bressan_n brescello_n veronois_n verona_n vicentin_n or_o vicentinois_n vizenzo_n padovan_n padova_n polâ—sâ—ne_fw-fr de_fw-fr rovigo_n rovigo_n coast_n of_o trevisane_n trevigi_n feltrâ—n_o feltri_fw-la bellâ—nois_n belluno_n cadorin_n cadore_n friouli_n cuidad_fw-es de_fw-es austria_n aquileja_n palma_n la_fw-fr nova_n istriâ—_n cabo_n d'itria_fw-la dogâ—do_n or_o duchy_n of_o venice_n mantoa_n dukedom_n of_o mantova_n mantova_n parma_n and_o placenza_n dukedom_n of_o parma_n parma_n dukedom_n of_o placenza_n placenza_n modena_n and_o regge_v dukedom_n of_o modena_n modena_n dukedom_n of_o regge_n reglo_n or_o regge_v trent_n bishopric_n and_o county_n of_o trent_n in_o the_o one_o and_o the_o other_o lombardy_n be_v divers_a small_a estate_n among_o the_o which_o be_v mirandola_n italy_n particular_o so_o call_v where_o be_v the_o estate_n of_o the_o church_n towards_o the_o gulf_n of_o venice_n as_o dukedom_n of_o ferrarese_n ferrara_n bolognois_fw-fr bologna_n romandiola_n ravenna_n duchy_n of_o urbino_n urbino_n coast_n of_o ancone_n ancona_n towards_o the_o tyrrhenian_a sea_n as_o county_n of_o citti_n di_fw-it castello_n perusin_n perugia_n ombria_n or_o the_o duchy_n of_o spoleto_n orvietin_n orvieto_fw-la terre_fw-fr sabine_n narvi_n st._n peter_n patrimony_n veij_fw-la campagna_n di_fw-it roma_fw-it rome_n or_o roma_n among_o the_o estate_n of_o the_o church_n be_v duchy_n of_o castro_n castro_n republic_n of_o st._n marino_n the_o estate_n of_o toscany_n to_o the_o great_a duke_z of_o toscany_n florence_n florence_n sanase_n or_o siennese_n sienâ—_n pisan_n pisa_n livourne_n or_o leghorn_n to_o divers_a prince_n as_o the_o republic_n of_o lucque_n principality_n of_o alassa_n signieury_n of_o piombine_v isle_n of_o elbe_n cosmopoli_fw-it the_o kingdom_n of_o naples_n sometime_o divide_v in_o terra_fw-la di_fw-it lavaro_n calabria_n but_o at_o present_a into_o twelve_o province_n whereof_o be_v six_o towards_o the_o tyrrhenean_a sea_n to_o wit_n terra_fw-la di_fw-it lavora_n naples_n cajeta_n principato_n citra_fw-la or_o interior_a amalfi_n salerno_n principato_n ultra_fw-la or_o exterior_a benevento_n conza_n calabria_n citra_fw-la cosenza_n calabria_n ultra_fw-la regium_fw-la basilicate_a cirenza_n six_o towards_o the_o gulf_n of_o venice_n to_o wit_n terra_fw-la di_fw-it otranto_n otranto_n brundufium_fw-la gallipoli_n brindici_fw-la tetra_fw-mi di_fw-mi bari_n bari_n capitanate_n or_o pugi_n manfredonia_n mont_n st._n angelo_n county_n of_o molise_v abruzzo_n citra_fw-la or_o interior_a lanciano_n sulmona_n civita_n di_fw-fr chietti_n abruzzo_n ultra_fw-la or_o exterior_a civita_n di_fw-it penna_fw-la aquila_n pugia_n abruzzo_n and_o to_o which_o for_o the_o four_o part_n may_v be_v add_v the_o isle_n and_o kingdom_n of_o sicily_n or_o sicily_n messina_n palermo_n siracusa_n montreale_n and_o cataliâ—_n sardagne_n or_o sardinia_n cagliari_n bosa_n and_o sassari_n corce_n or_o corsica_n bastia_n mariana_n and_o calvi_n together_o with_o several_a small_a isle_n as_o those_o of_o naples_n liguria_n etc._n etc._n some_o of_o which_o be_v take_v notice_n of_o in_o the_o descriptional_a part_n the_o estate_n of_o the_o duke_z of_o savoy_n be_v on_o this_o side_n the_o alps_n to_o wit_n the_o duchy_n of_o savoy_n where_o there_o be_v the_o province_n of_o genevois_n annecy_n la_fw-fr roche_n alby_n thonnon_n vieux_n faussigni_fw-la cluse_n bonneville_n bonne_fw-fr sallanche_n taninge_n chablais_n thonon_n evian_n st._n gingot_n savoy_n chambery_n les_fw-fr eschelles_n montmelian_a ayguebelle_n conflans_fw-la beaufort_n ugine_n miolans_fw-la aix_n and_o rumilly_n tarentaise_n monftier_n st._n jaqu_n '_o esme_fw-fr le_fw-fr bourg_n st._n morice_n morienne_n st._n jaan_n de_fw-fr morienne_n la_o chaâ—obre_n modane_n laâ—â—ebourg_n and_o beugey_n in_o part_n yenne_n st._n genis_n d'hoste_n the_o county_n of_o nice_a where_o be_v the_o vicarat_n of_o nice_a or_o nizza_n nice_n or_o nizza_n ville_fw-fr franche_fw-mi poget_n poget_n barcellonnette_n barcellonnette_n le_fw-fr lauset_n sospelle_fw-fr sospelle_fw-fr saorgiz_n and_o the_o val_n st._n esteve_n st._n esteve_n st._n salvador_n count_n of_o boglio_n or_o of_o bevil_n beyond_o the_o alps_n to_o wit_n piedmont_n under_o the_o name_n of_o which_o be_v understand_v the_o duchy_n of_o aoste_n aoste_n castillion_n bard._n marquisate_n of_o yuree_n yuree_a pont_n st._n martin_n signiory_n of_o verceil_n verceilli_n crescerâ—tin_n borzane_n biele_n andorne_v gartintra_n marquisate_n of_o suze_n suze_fw-fr avillarâ—e_n principality_n of_o piedmont_n turin_n or_o turino_n mondouj_fw-la fossan_n chivas_n rivoli_n javen_n carignan_n pancalier_n vigon_n cavour_n ville_fw-fr franque_fw-la raconis_fw-la savillan_n coni_fw-la tende_n ceve_v cortemille_n bene_n quierase_n quire_n moncalier_n cocconas_n verve_n count_n of_o ast_n asti_n ville_n neuve_v '_o ast_n saluce_n or_o saluzzo_n marquisate_n of_o saluce_n carmagnole_n barge_n revel_v droner_n cental_a rocqu_n '_o esparviere_n demont_n quarter_n of_o piedmont_n or_o at_o present_a belong_v to_o fracne_n pignerol_n perouse_a lucerne_n brigueras_n the_o duchy_n of_o monferat_fw-la on_o the_o coast_n of_o genes_n in_o part_n where_o be_v albe_n trin_n and_o aqui._n the_o marquisate_n of_o oneglia_n marro_n in_o piedmont_n restore_v from_o the_o church_n the_o printipality_n of_o masseran_n the_o duchy_n of_o savoy_n preten_v to_o geneve_n chypre_n etc._n etc._n lombardy_n which_o may_v be_v divide_v into_o the_o high_a and_o comprehend_v the_o estate_n of_o piedmont_n as_o it_o belong_v to_o the_o duke_n of_o savoy_n where_o be_v the_o duchy_n of_o aost_n aoste_n juree_n seignieury_n of_o verceili_n verceili_fw-la principality_n of_o piedmont_n turin_n fossan_n mondevi_n or_o mondovi_fw-la suze_n savillan_n coni_fw-la quierase_n quire_n county_n of_o ast_n asti_n marquisate_n of_o saluce_n saluce_n or_o saluzzo_n carmagnole_n county_n of_o nice_a nizza_n or_o nice_a barcelonnette_n milan_n as_o it_o belong_v to_o the_o catholic_n king_n where_o be_v the_o duchy_n of_o milan_n milan_n val_n
moon_n from_o the_o earth_n it_o be_v worthy_a observation_n that_o the_o half_a diameter_n of_o the_o earth_n be_v the_o measure_n of_o all_o celestial_a dimension_n as_o well_o in_o assign_v the_o distance_n of_o the_o planet_n from_o the_o earth_n and_o from_o themselves_o as_o in_o number_v and_o compute_v their_o magnitude_n so_o we_o say_v that_o the_o sun_n be_v distant_a from_o the_o earth_n ubout_fw-fr 1200_o half_a diameter_n the_o moon_n 40_o etc._n etc._n but_o see_v in_o geography_n we_o do_v not_o only_o consider_v the_o great_a circle_n of_o the_o earth_n as_o the_o equator_fw-la etc._n etc._n but_o also_o the_o parallel_n of_o the_o equator_fw-la therefore_o we_o must_v likewise_o determine_v how_o many_o mile_n or_o perch_n answer_v one_o degree_n in_o every_o parallel_n we_o have_v take_v the_o account_v of_o the_o perch_v out_o of_o snellius_n but_o i_o myself_o have_v reckon_v up_o the_o mile_n to_o wit_n 1900_o perch_n for_o a_o german_a mile_n 1500_o for_o a_o belgic_a or_o holland_n mile_n 475_o for_o a_o italian_a mile_n a_o table_n of_o the_o quantity_n of_o one_o degree_n in_o every_o parallel_n the_o degree_n in_o which_o the_o parallel_n be_v distant_a from_o the_o equator_fw-la or_o the_o elevation_n of_o the_o pole_n of_o the_o parallel_n equator_fw-la of_o the_o perch_n of_o one_o degree_n holland_n mile_n german_n italian_n the_o latitude_n of_o a_o perch_n of_o one_o degree_n holland_n mile_n german_n italian_n  _fw-fr  _fw-fr mil._n per._n mile_n min._n mile_n min._n  _fw-fr  _fw-fr mil._n per._n mile_n min._n mile_n min._n  _fw-fr 28500_o 19_o 0_o 15._o 0_o 60._o 0_o  _fw-fr  _fw-fr  _fw-fr  _fw-fr  _fw-fr  _fw-fr  _fw-fr  _fw-fr 1_o 28496_o 18._o 1496_o 14._o 59_o 59_o 56_o 46_o 19798_o 13._o 298_o 10._o 25_o 41._o 40_o 2_o 28483_o 18._o 1483_o 14._o 59_o 59_o 55_o 47_o 19437_o 13._o 0_o â—0_n 14_o 41._o 0_o 3_o â—8461_n 18._o 1461_o 14._o 58_o 59_o 52_o 48_o 19070_o 12._o 1070_o 10._o 2_o 40._o 8_o 4_o 28431_o 18._o 1431_o 14._o 57_o 59_o 50_o 49_o 18698_o 12._o 698_o 9_o 50_o 39_o 20_o 5_o 28392_o 18._o 1392_o 14._o 56_o 59_o 46_o 50_o 18319_o 12._o 319_o 9_o 38_o 38._o 32_o 6_o 28344_o 18._o 1344_o 14._o 55_o 59_o 40_o 51_o 17936_o 11._o 1436_o 9_o 26_o 37._o 44_o 7_o 28288_o 18._o 1288_o 14._o 53_o 59_o 37_o 52_o 17546_o 11._o 1046_o 9_o 14_o 37._o 0_o 8_o 28223_o 18._o 1223_o 14._o 51_o 59_o 24_o 53_o 17152_o 11._o 652_o 9_o 2_o 36._o 8_o 9_o 28149_o 18._o 1149_o 14._o 48_o 59_o 12_o 54_o 16752_o 11._o 252_o 8._o 49_o 35._o 26_o 10_o 28067_o 18._o 1067_o 14._o 46_o 59_o 4_o 55_o 16347_o 10._o 1347_o 8._o 36_o 34._o 24_o 11_o 27976_o 18._o 976_o 14._o 43_o 58._o 52_o 56_o 15932_o 10._o 937_o 8._o 23_o 33._o 32_o 12_o 27877_o 18._o 877_o 14._o 40_o 58._o 40_o 57_o 15522_o 10._o 522_o 8._o 10_o 32._o 40_o 13_o 27769_o 18._o 769_o 14._o 37_o 58._o 28_o 58_o 15103_o 10._o 103_o 7._o 57_o 31._o 40_o 14_o 27653_o 18._o 653_o 14._o 33_o 58._o 12_o 59_o 14671_o 9_o 1179_o 7._o 44_o 31._o 0_o 15_o 27529_o 18._o 529_o 14._o 29_o 50._o  _fw-fr 60_o 14250_o 9_o 750_o 7._o 30_o 30._o 0_o 16_o 27653_o 18._o 453_o 14._o 25_o 57_o 40_o 61_o 13817_o 9_o 317_o 7._o 16_o 29._o 4_o 17_o 27255_o 18._o 255_o 14._o 21_o 57_o 20_o 62_o 13380_o 8._o 1380_o 7._o 2_o 28._o 8_o 18_o 27105_o 18._o 105_o 14._o 16_o 57_o 4_o 63_o 12939_o 8._o 939_o 6._o 48_o 27._o 12_o 19_o 26947_o 18._o 0_o 14._o 11_o 56._o 44_o 64_o 12494_o 8._o 994_o 6._o 34_o 26._o 16_o 20_o 26781_o 18._o 0_o 14._o 6_o 56._o 24_o 65_o 12045_o 8._o 45_o 6._o 20_o 25._o 20_o 21_o 26607_o 17._o 1107_o 14._o 0_o 56._o 0_o 66_o 11592_o 7._o 1092_o 6._o 6_o 24._o 24._o 22_o 26423_o 17._o 925_o 13._o 54_o 55._o 36_o 67_o 11136_o 7._o 636_o 5._o 52_o 23._o 28_o 23_o 26234_o 17._o 734_o â—3_n 48_o 55._o 12_o 68_o 10676_o 7._o 176_o 5._o 38_o 22._o 32_o 24_o 26036_o 17._o 536_o â—3_n 42_o 54._o 48_o 69_o 10213_o 6._o 1213_o 5._o 23_o 21._o 32_o 25_o 25830_o 17._o 330_o â—3_n 36_o 54._o 24_o 70_o 9748_o 6._o 748_o 5._o 8_o 20_o 32_o 26_o 25616_o 17._o 116_o 13._o 29_o 54._o 0_o 71_o 9279_o 6._o 279_o 4._o 53_o 19_o 32_o 27_o 25394_o 16._o 1394_o 13._o 22_o 53._o 28_o 72_o 8807_o 5._o 1307_o 4._o 38_o 18._o 32_o 28_o 25164_o 16._o 1164_o 13._o 15_o 53._o 0_o 73_o 8333_o 5._o 933_o 4._o 23_o 17._o 32_o 29_o 24927_o 16._o 927_o 13._o 7_o 52._o 28_o 74_o 7846_o 5._o 346_o 4._o 8_o 16._o 32_o 30_o â—4681_n 16._o 681_o 13._o 59_o 51._o 56_o 75_o 7376_o 4._o 1376_o 3._o 53_o 15._o 32_o 31_o 24429_o 10._o 429_o 12._o 51_o 51._o 24_o 76_o 6895_o 4._o 895_o 3._o 38_o 14_o 32_o 32_o 24169_o 16._o 169_o 12._o 43_o 50._o 52_o 77_o 6411_o 4._o 411_o 3._o 23_o 13._o 32_o 33_o 23902_o 15._o 1402_o 12._o 35_o 50._o 20_o 78_o 5925_o 3._o 1425_o 3._o 8_o 12._o 32_o 34_o 23628_o 15._o 1128_o 12._o 26_o 49._o 44_o 79_o 5438_o 3._o 938_o 2._o 52_o 11._o 28_o 35_o 23346_o 15._o 846_o 12._o 17_o 49._o 8_o 80_o 4949_o 3._o 449_o 2._o 36_o 10._o 24_o 36_o 23057_o 15._o 557_o 12._o 8_o 48._o 32_o 81_o 4458_o 2._o 1458_o 2._o 20_o 9_o 20_o 37_o 22761_o 15._o 261_o 11._o 59_o 47._o 56_o 82_o 3966_o 2._o 966_o 2._o 5_o 8._o 20_o 38_o 22458_o 15._o 0_o 11._o 49_o 47._o 16_o 83_o 3473_o 2._o 473_o 1._o 50_o 7._o 20_o 39_o 22149_o 14._o 1149_o 11._o 39_o 46._o 36_o 84_o 2979_o 1._o 1479_o 1._o 34_o 6._o 12_o 40_o 21832_o 14._o 832_o 11._o 29_o 46._o 0_o 85_o 2484_o 1._o 984_o 1._o 18_o 5._o 12_o 41_o 21509_o 14._o 509_o 11._o 19_o 45._o 16_o 86_o 1988_o 1._o 488_o 1._o 3_o 4._o 12_o 42_o 21180_o 14._o 180_o 11._o 9_o 44._o 36_o 82_o 1492_o 0._o 1492_o 0._o 47_o 3._o 12_o 43_o 20843_o 13._o 1343_o 10._o 58_o 43._o 52_o 88_o 995_o 0._o 995_o 0._o 31_o 2._o 4_o 44_o 20501_o 13._o 1001_o 10._o 47_o 43._o 8_o 89_o 497_o 0._o 497_o 0._o 16_o 1._o 4_o 45_o 20152_o 13._o 652_o 10._o 36_o 42._o 24_o 90_o 0_o 0._o 0_o 0._o 0_o 0._o 0_o chap._n v._o appearance_n the_o pythagorical_a motion_n of_o the_o earth_n be_v the_o cause_n of_o many_o celestial_a appearance_n the_o pythagorical_a motion_n or_o turn_v the_o earth_n about_o as_o with_o a_o wheel_n not_o that_o quake_a and_o shake_v be_v the_o cause_n of_o very_a many_o celestial_a appearance_n according_a to_o the_o copernican_n opinion_n see_v that_o without_o it_o every_o place_n will_v have_v a_o perpetual_a constancy_n of_o these_o but_o indeed_o there_o be_v no_o property_n or_o quality_n of_o the_o earth_n concern_v which_o there_o can_v be_v great_a disputation_n fith_o that_o not_o very_o long_o ago_o it_o have_v suffer_v the_o censure_n of_o the_o church_n of_o rome_n yet_o because_o to_o many_o man_n it_o seem_v likely_a to_o be_v true_a that_o such_o a_o motion_n of_o the_o earth_n may_v be_v give_v therefore_o i_o will_v endeavour_v brief_o to_o unfold_v the_o same_o appearance_n the_o motion_n of_o the_o sun_n moon_n and_o star_n and_o their_o appearance_n it_o be_v not_o unknown_a to_o any_o of_o the_o very_a vulgar_a sort_n that_o the_o sun_n moon_n and_o all_o the_o star_n of_o heaven_n appear_v every_o day_n that_o be_v in_o the_o space_n of_o 24_o hour_n to_o be_v move_v from_o east_n to_o west_n and_o common_o to_o return_v to_o the_o same_o place_n of_o heaven_n it_o must_v therefore_o needs_o be_v that_o either_o they_o be_v real_o move_v or_o that_o we_o be_v move_v and_o that_o our_o motion_n or_o move_a be_v impute_v to_o the_o star_n for_o if_o two_o thing_n change_v their_o dâ—stance_n one_o of_o they_o at_o least_o be_v move_v which_o principle_n be_v most_o manifest_a etc._n the_o opinion_n of_o the_o ptolomaians_n and_o pythagorean_n concern_v the_o motion_n of_o the_o star_n etc._n etc._n that_o the_o earth_n stand_v still_o and_o that_o the_o star_n with_o the_o heaven_n be_v move_v be_v and_o be_v yet_o the_o common_a opinion_n of_o astronomer_n which_o be_v call_v ptolomaians_n or_o of_o such_o as_o follow_v the_o doctrine_n of_o ptolemy_n yet_o the_o pythagorean_n long_v ago_o maintain_v that_o the_o star_n hold_v their_o place_n constant_o without_o budge_v from_o thence_o and_o that_o the_o earth_n be_v roll_v and_o wheel_v about_o its_o centre_n one_o of_o who_o be_v the_o famous_a aristarchus_n of_o samos_n who_o for_o his_o defend_v this_o opinion_n be_v by_o his_o adversary_n accuse_v of_o profane_v and_o violate_v religion_n before_o the_o most_o famous_a and_o severe_a bench_n of_o the_o areopagite_n but_o he_o be_v nevertheless_o quit_v by_o the_o sentence_n of_o those_o
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motion_n of_o the_o star_n about_o the_o earth_n 5._o no_o reason_n can_v be_v give_v why_o the_o star_n can_v be_v move_v about_o the_o earth_n when_o as_o contrariwise_o there_o may_v some_o reason_n be_v give_v why_o the_o earth_n and_o the_o rest_n of_o the_o planet_n may_v be_v move_v about_o the_o sun_n axil_n of_o the_o pole_n and_o axil_n 6._o neither_o be_v the_o pole_n nor_o axil_n real_a about_o which_o the_o star_n be_v determine_v to_o be_v move_v contrariwise_o in_o the_o earth_n there_o be_v both_o pole_n and_o axil_n west_n the_o sail_v of_o ship_n from_o west_n to_o east_n more_o easy_a than_o from_o east_n to_o west_n 7._o because_o the_o sail_v of_o ship_n from_o west_n to_o east_n be_v more_o easy_a than_o from_o east_n to_o west_n for_o out_o of_o europe_n into_o the_o indies_n they_o sail_v in_o about_o four_o month_n when_o as_o in_o their_o return_n home_o it_o be_v about_o six_o month_n and_o this_o be_v because_o in_o their_o voyage_n thither_o they_o be_v 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of_o mars_n jupiter_n saturn_n and_o the_o fix_a star_n be_v altogether_o uncertain_a by_o reason_n of_o the_o defect_n of_o the_o parallaxy_n or_o mutual_a change_n in_o the_o copernican_n hypothesis_n the_o distance_n be_v vary_v not_o only_o from_o the_o motion_n of_o the_o planet_n but_o also_o from_o the_o motion_n of_o the_o earth_n itself_o the_o reason_n of_o either_o opinion_n to_o wit_n of_o the_o ptolomean_a and_o copernican_n concern_v the_o place_n of_o the_o earth_n be_v almost_o the_o same_o with_o they_o which_o in_o the_o precedent_a chapter_n we_o have_v allege_v for_o this_o disputation_n have_v great_a affinity_n with_o the_o same_o for_o if_o you_o ascribe_v and_o allow_v the_o second_o motion_n to_o the_o sun_n which_o be_v call_v the_o proper_a motion_n not_o the_o sun_n but_o the_o earth_n shall_v be_v in_o the_o midst_n but_o if_o you_o allow_v that_o second_o motion_n to_o the_o earth_n not_o the_o earth_n but_o the_o sun_n shall_v be_v in_o the_o middle_n these_o argument_n follow_v may_v be_v say_v for_o the_o copernican_n opinion_n universe_n the_o sun_n not_o only_o the_o fountain_n of_o light_n but_o also_o the_o vital_a spirit_n of_o the_o whole_a universe_n 1._o the_o sun_n be_v not_o only_o the_o fountain_n of_o light_n which_o as_o a_o most_o clear_a shine_a torch_n illuminate_v the_o earth_n moon_n venus_n and_o without_o doubt_v the_o rest_n of_o the_o planet_n but_o he_o be_v the_o firehearth_n of_o heat_n and_o vital_a spirit_n by_o which_o this_o whole_a universe_n seem_v to_o be_v cherish_v and_o sustain_v therefore_o it_o be_v probable_a that_o he_o hold_v the_o middle_a place_n and_o that_o these_o be_v move_v round_o about_o he_o 2._o it_o be_v more_o likely_a that_o the_o earth_n shall_v be_v move_v about_o the_o sun_n that_o together_o with_o the_o rest_n of_o the_o planet_n she_o may_v receive_v light_a and_o heat_n from_o he_o etc._n the_o sun_n a_o vast_a body_n etc._n etc._n 3._o the_o sun_n be_v place_v in_o 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the_o chief_a yet_o for_o the_o first_o motion_n of_o the_o earth_n nothing_o can_v be_v fetch_v by_o way_n of_o argument_n for_o gather_v thence_o the_o situation_n of_o the_o earth_n for_o the_o earth_n may_v be_v in_o the_o centre_n of_o the_o world_n if_o she_o be_v without_o or_o want_v the_o second_o motion_n as_o origanus_n also_o determine_v 7._o so_o also_o the_o variation_n of_o the_o distance_n of_o the_o planet_n from_o the_o earth_n be_v well_o declare_v earth_n the_o aristotelian_o and_o platonist_n argument_n about_o the_o earth_n yet_o notwithstanding_o the_o aristotelian_o and_o platonist_n oppugn_v the_o pythagorean_n opinion_n with_o many_o argument_n and_o endeavour_v to_o challenge_v the_o centre_n of_o the_o earth_n for_o a_o place_n by_o these_o argument_n first_o heavy_a thing_n be_v carry_v to_o the_o centre_n of_o the_o world_n but_o the_o earth_n be_v the_o heavy_a body_n therefore_o it_o take_v up_o that_o centre_n second_o heavy_a thing_n will_v go_v from_o the_o earth_n towards_o the_o centre_n of_o the_o universe_n unless_o this_o centre_n be_v in_o the_o earth_n three_o the_o centre_n be_v the_o ignobl_a place_n and_o the_o earth_n also_o be_v the_o vile_a part_n of_o this_o universe_n therefore_o it_o shall_v have_v the_o centre_n thereof_o four_o if_o the_o earth_n be_v without_o the_o centre_n of_o the_o world_n and_o motion_n of_o the_o star_n than_o the_o star_n and_o constellation_n will_v be_v see_v in_o some_o season_n of_o the_o year_n and_o some_o day_n big_a than_o in_o other_o five_o neither_o will_v the_o middle_a part_n of_o heaven_n always_o be_v conspicuous_a as_o taurus_n rise_v the_o scorpion_n shall_v set_v etc._n etc._n six_o neither_o will_v there_o be_v equinox_n seven_o neither_o the_o moon_n rise_v eclipse_v will_v the_o sun_n set_v etc._n etc._n eight_o neither_o will_v the_o number_n of_o miles_n in_o the_o earth_n equal_o answer_v every_o degree_n in_o heaven_n copernican_n the_o aforesaid_a reason_n of_o 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the_o floor_n will_v seem_v by_o degree_n more_o and_o more_o to_o elevate_v which_o yet_o notwithstanding_o it_o be_v every_o where_o of_o the_o same_o altitude_n after_o the_o same_o mode_n it_o be_v with_o the_o water_n of_o the_o ocean_n for_o if_o on_o the_o shoar_n you_o use_v a_o geodetical_a instrument_n commodious_a to_o measure_v place_n withal_o you_o shall_v find_v no_o elevation_n of_o the_o remote_a part_n of_o the_o ocean_n above_o the_o shoar_n but_o rather_o a_o little_a depression_n so_o that_o the_o water_n sink_v beneath_o the_o horizon_n of_o the_o shore_n those_o that_o be_v verse_v in_o the_o optic_n declare_v the_o cause_n of_o the_o fallacy_n let_v a_o be_v the_o eye_n scheme_n see_v scheme_n and_o let_v it_o survey_v the_o pavement_n or_o superficies_n of_o the_o water_n extend_v at_o length_n unto_o the_o long_a space_n a_o e._n let_v the_o angle_n a_o a_o e_o be_v divide_v into_o equal_a part_n or_o four_o angle_n which_o be_v e_z a_o d_o d_o a_o c_o c_o a_o b_o b_o a_o a_o from_o the_o right_n draw_v a_o b_o a_o c_o a_o d_o to_o wit_n the_o more_o remote_a shall_v be_v far_o more_o great_a as_o appear_v from_o the_o diagram_n viz._n e_o d_o be_v great_a than_o d_o e_z and_z d_o e_z great_a than_o b_o c_o and_o b_o c_o than_o a_o h._n although_o these_o part_n be_v very_o unequal_a yet_o they_o will_v appear_v equal_a because_o they_o appear_v under_o the_o equal_a angle_n a_o a_o b_o b_o a_o c_o c_o a_o d_o d_o a_o c_o and_o the_o estimative_a faculty_n will_v judge_v they_o to_o be_v remove_v a_o equal_a distance_n from_o the_o eye_n a_o in_o which_o there_o be_v a_o great_a deception_n and_o therefore_o will_v judge_v the_o line_n a_o b_o a_o c_o a_o d_o
a_o c_o to_o be_v a_o f_o a_o g_o a_o h_o a_o k_o as_o they_o be_v equal_v a_o b_o f_o g_o g_o h_o h_o k_o whence_o the_o part_n b_o c_o cd_o d_o e_z seem_v elevate_v as_o if_o they_o be_v f_z g_o g_o h_o h_o k._n or_o more_o brief_o because_o the_o eye_n be_v more_o elevate_v to_o behold_v object_n remote_a than_o it_o be_v depress_v at_o thing_n near_o therefore_o remote_a thing_n be_v judge_v to_o be_v elevate_v and_o those_o nigh_o depress_v or_o because_o we_o compare_v the_o elevation_n of_o our_o eye_n to_o part_n vicine_fw-la therefore_o we_o judge_v they_o depress_v but_o we_o can_v so_o compare_v the_o elevation_n of_o our_o eye_n to_o part_n remote_a wherefore_o they_o seem_v more_o elevate_v than_o in_o truth_n they_o be_v so_o therefore_o we_o see_v from_o this_o that_o the_o ocean_n to_o one_o that_o behold_v it_o from_o the_o shoar_n seem_v high_a by_o how_o much_o it_o be_v the_o more_o remote_a from_o thence_o i_o say_v it_o be_v no_o probation_n that_o it_o be_v more_o elevate_v some_o render_v another_o reason_n viz._n that_o therefore_o a_o great_a altitude_n be_v to_o be_v attribute_v to_o the_o middle_n of_o the_o ocean_n than_o to_o the_o earth_n by_o reason_n that_o they_o suppose_v that_o otherwise_o it_o can_v come_v to_o pass_v that_o water_n shall_v flow_v from_o the_o ocean_n to_o fountain_n of_o river_n which_o fountain_n be_v in_o mediterranean_a plane_n see_v that_o no_o water_n flow_v but_o from_o a_o high_a place_n unto_o one_o more_o low_o depress_v but_o i_o shall_v show_v it_o to_o be_v perform_v by_o another_o way_n in_o the_o chapter_n where_o i_o treat_v of_o the_o original_a of_o river_n or_o fountain_n and_o so_o also_o any_o one_o may_v infer_v that_o the_o mountain_n of_o teneriff_n be_v not_o so_o high_a as_o also_o other_o mountain_n as_o to_o be_v behold_v in_o the_o ocean_n for_o so_o long_a a_o interval_n at_o four_o degree_n except_o that_o the_o foot_n of_o the_o mountain_n or_o the_o ocean_n be_v high_a than_o the_o sea_n at_o the_o shoar_n of_o teneriff_n but_o what_o answer_n be_v to_o be_v return_v to_o this_o be_v manifest_a from_o the_o eleven_o chapter_n ii_o see_v chap._n ii_o whee_fw-mi we_o have_v treat_v of_o the_o original_a or_o height_n of_o mountain_n proposition_n iv_o to_o exhibit_v the_o cause_n and_o original_a of_o gulf_n bay_n and_o strait_n of_o the_o ocean_n ocean_n the_o cause_n of_o gulf_n bay_n and_o strait_n in_o the_o ocean_n these_o bay_n in_o proper_a manner_n of_o speech_n be_v the_o sinus_n of_o the_o land_n not_o of_o the_o ocean_n but_o rather_o arm_n branch_n and_o procurrent_a part_n of_o the_o ocean_n but_o more_o proper_o we_o may_v term_v those_o to_o be_v sinus_fw-la or_o bay_n of_o the_o ocean_n where_o the_o ocean_n receive_v into_o itself_o peninsula_n of_o the_o earth_n as_o where_o it_o receive_v jutland_n the_o chersonesus_n of_o malacca_n california_n and_o the_o like_a but_o the_o usual_a mode_n of_o speech_n have_v so_o obtain_v that_o contrary_a to_o the_o nature_n of_o thing_n the_o word_n be_v so_o take_v in_o the_o first_o signification_n and_o a_o sinus_n or_o bay_n of_o the_o ocean_n be_v the_o same_o with_o a_o branch_n or_o procurrent_a part_n of_o the_o ocean_n bay_n the_o cause_n of_o bay_n the_o cause_n of_o these_o sinus_n or_o bays_n be_v by_o reason_n that_o the_o extant_a part_n of_o the_o earth_n be_v in_o some_o place_n mutual_o rend_v from_o one_o another_o and_o divaricate_v so_o that_o the_o part_n of_o the_o earth_n interpose_v between_o the_o divaricate_v part_n be_v more_o depress_v than_o the_o superficies_n of_o the_o ocean_n therefore_o the_o water_n always_o tend_v to_o the_o more_o depress_a part_n flow_v into_o the_o divaricate_v part_n and_o run_v forward_o so_o far_o until_o it_o meet_v the_o elevation_n of_o the_o earth_n for_o here_o it_o can_v go_v no_o far_o and_o therefore_o it_o receive_v its_o end_n or_o bound_v the_o same_o be_v the_o cause_n of_o the_o strait_n of_o the_o 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the_o wind_n 4._o from_o the_o ruin_n or_o subsidency_n of_o the_o channel_n or_o shore_n also_o if_o that_o the_o bottom_n of_o the_o channel_n be_v make_v high_a in_o progress_n of_o time_n by_o the_o fall_n of_o the_o sand_n or_o mud._n proposition_n vii_o the_o ocean_n have_v no_o fountain_n but_o be_v contain_v within_o the_o cavity_n of_o the_o earth_n yet_o it_o do_v not_o remain_v always_o the_o same_o fountain_n the_o ocean_n have_v no_o fountain_n experience_n testify_v that_o water_n of_o river_n proceed_v from_o fountain_n or_o spring_n and_o because_o that_o this_o have_v be_v for_o so_o many_o century_n of_o year_n it_o thence_o necessary_o follow_v that_o that_o water_n which_o continual_o flow_v from_o the_o spring_n to_o the_o sea_n return_v through_o subterranean_a passage_n or_o some_o other_o way_n to_o the_o same_o fountain_n after_o the_o same_o manner_n there_o be_v philosopher_n in_o old_a time_n say_v that_o the_o sea_n spring_v from_o certain_a fountain_n 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many_o of_o these_o subterraneous_a passage_n and_o no_o absurdity_n thence_o follow_v therefore_o it_o may_v seem_v probable_a to_o some_o that_o there_o be_v many_o of_o these_o fountain_n in_o the_o very_a channel_n of_o the_o sea_n but_o this_o imagination_n be_v vain_a and_o not_o agreeable_a to_o the_o property_n of_o water_n for_o water_n have_v fall_v into_o either_o of_o these_o channel_n will_v not_o go_v forth_o by_o the_o other_o orifice_n but_o will_v rest_v fill_v in_o it_o except_o move_v by_o some_o violent_a cause_n for_o although_o water_n shall_v be_v press_v and_o stir_v by_o water_n force_v in_o on_o the_o orifice_n yet_o it_o can_v not_o exonerate_v itself_o by_o the_o other_o orifice_n because_o that_o water_n incumb_v on_o this_o orifice_n also_o no_o less_o than_o the_o incumb_a water_n at_o the_o former_a orifice_n which_o may_v thus_o be_v prove_v by_o experience_n scheme_n see_v scheme_n let_v there_o be_v in_o any_o vessel_n water_n abcd_v ab_fw-la be_v the_o superficies_n of_o the_o water_n lie_v equal_o and_o spherical_o but_o let_v in_o a_o stick_n rpef_n into_o the_o middle_n of_o the_o vessel_n which_o may_v perforate_v it_o by_o a_o oblique_a passage_n so_o that_o the_o part_n of_o the_o vessel_n a_o shall_v be_v high_o than_o the_o whole_a of_o the_o part_n of_o the_o vessel_n b_o therefore_o the_o water_n as_o well_o on_o the_o part_n a_o as_o on_o the_o part_n b_o shall_v for_o example_n flow_v through_o g_o h_z into_o this_o passage_n and_o fill_v it_o up_o and_o shall_v not_o be_v effuse_v through_o either_o of_o the_o orifice_n not_o through_o g_o because_o this_o be_v high_a nor_o through_o h_z because_o though_o it_o be_v more_o depress_v than_o g_o yet_o the_o water_n flow_v from_o the_o part_n b_o and_o perpendicular_o tend_v to_o the_o bottom_n of_o the_o vessel_n will_v prohibit_v the_o influx_n from_o these_o it_o be_v manifest_a that_o the_o ocean_n have_v no_o fountain_n but_o be_v perpetual_o contain_v within_o its_o own_o channel_n but_o somewhat_o may_v be_v object_v against_o this_o objection_n objection_n which_o be_v worthy_a of_o consideration_n first_o that_o at_o some_o part_n or_o other_o of_o the_o ocean_n there_o be_v always_o a_o violent_a external_a move_a cause_n as_o wind_n flux_n reflux_n mutation_n of_o the_o earth_n and_o the_o like_a therefore_o these_o cause_n that_o sometime_o in_o some_o one_o part_n of_o the_o ocean_n and_o sometime_o in_o another_o there_o be_v a_o great_a altitude_n and_o abundancy_n of_o water_n than_o in_o the_o other_o part_n and_o therefore_o that_o high_a water_n fall_v into_o the_o subterraneous_a passage_n be_v again_o pour_v forth_o into_o another_o part_n of_o the_o channel_n of_o the_o ocean_n where_o there_o be_v a_o lesser_a altitude_n of_o water_n by_o reason_n of_o that_o external_a cause_n and_o where_o the_o incumbent_a water_n then_o less_o resist_v the_o eruption_n or_o efflux_n because_o it_o be_v move_v another_o way_n by_o a_o external_a cause_n for_o although_o this_o may_v be_v yet_o it_o can_v be_v prove_v by_o experience_n neither_o can_v the_o contrary_a that_o be_v this_o be_v demonstrate_v to_o be_v so_o therefore_o at_o least_o the_o truth_n be_v uncertain_a and_o we_o must_v doubt_v concern_v this_o problem_n now_o that_o there_o be_v such_o subterraneous_a pit_n or_o passage_n in_o the_o channel_n of_o the_o ocean_n can_v be_v deny_v and_o those_o place_n of_o the_o ocean_n seem_v to_o show_v they_o to_o wit_n where_o there_o be_v a_o immense_a profundity_n see_v there_o be_v no_o such_o in_o the_o vicine_fw-la part_n to_o this_o i_o answer_v although_o we_o shall_v admit_v of_o those_o subterraneous_a passage_n yet_o therefore_o it_o do_v not_o follow_v that_o we_o shall_v grant_v that_o they_o proceed_v to_o another_o part_n of_o the_o channel_n of_o the_o ocean_n or_o go_v forth_o into_o it_o and_o if_o that_o this_o shall_v be_v grant_v yet_o see_v that_o there_o be_v no_o such_o passage_n in_o all_o place_n and_o that_o these_o external_a cause_n sometime_o be_v predominate_a in_o one_o part_n of_o the_o ocean_n and_o sometime_o in_o another_o there_o be_v no_o consequence_n from_o the_o objection_n that_o the_o fountain_n of_o the_o ocean_n be_v in_o any_o certain_a place_n but_o that_o it_o flow_v sometime_o from_o one_o part_n of_o the_o channel_n and_o sometime_o from_o another_o so_o that_o that_o flux_n continue_v no_o long_a than_o the_o external_a cause_n continue_v 2._o some_o one_o may_v thus_o seem_v to_o argue_v the_o flux_n of_o the_o ocean_n be_v perpetual_o discern_v from_o the_o northern_a land_n or_o quarter_n towards_o the_o south_n between_o europe_n and_o the_o northern_a america_n also_o between_o asia_n and_o the_o northern_a america_n yet_o notwithstanding_o no_o part_n of_o the_o ocean_n or_o
vicine_fw-la place_n be_v to_o be_v find_v whereby_o it_o may_v come_v unto_o those_o northern_a region_n see_v that_o therefore_o this_o flux_n be_v perpetual_a neither_o do_v the_o water_n come_v by_o a_o manifest_a way_n unto_o those_o region_n whence_o the_o flux_n be_v make_v therefore_o it_o seem_v necessary_a to_o conclude_v that_o the_o water_n come_v through_o subterraneous_a passage_n unto_o those_o northern_a region_n and_o so_o there_o to_o be_v effuse_v from_o the_o hole_n of_o the_o channel_n as_o from_o a_o spring_n and_o that_o the_o water_n move_v hence_o towards_o the_o south_n there_o fall_v in_o another_o cause_n take_v from_o the_o former_a for_o the_o water_n of_o the_o ocean_n in_o the_o torrid_a zone_n be_v more_o heavy_a than_o that_o in_o the_o northern_a place_n by_o reason_n of_o the_o great_a abundance_n of_o salt_n as_o we_o have_v prove_v in_o the_o eight_o and_o twelve_o proposition_n therefore_o the_o water_n or_o ocean_n in_o the_o torrid_a zone_n do_v more_o press_n through_o the_o orifice_n of_o the_o subterranean_a passage_n than_o in_o the_o northern_a place_n and_o therefore_o in_o these_o place_n the_o water_n less_o resist_v suffer_v the_o water_n to_o flow_v from_o the_o orifice_n of_o the_o channel_n unto_o this_o i_o answer_v that_o that_o flux_n of_o the_o ocean_n be_v not_o only_o from_o the_o north_n as_o the_o objection_n seem_v to_o infer_v and_o as_o some_o especial_o the_o ancient_n conceive_v of_o it_o who_o will_v have_v the_o water_n to_o flow_v in_o four_o channel_n from_o the_o very_a pole_n as_o also_o some_o geographical_a map_n do_v exhibit_v it_o neither_o be_v it_o continual_a but_o be_v observe_v by_o reason_n of_o the_o frequency_n of_o northern_a wind_n moreover_o the_o great_a and_o perpetual_a abundance_n of_o snow_n and_o rain_n in_o those_o place_n augment_v the_o water_n and_o cause_v it_o to_o flow_v towards_o the_o south_n add_v likewise_o that_o in_o other_o part_n another_o motion_n of_o the_o ocean_n be_v find_v concern_v which_o see_v the_o follow_a chapter_n 3._o it_o seem_v not_o absurd_a but_o rather_o most_o true_a that_o all_o the_o fountain_n of_o river_n take_v together_o disburthen_v themselves_o into_o the_o ocean_n be_v the_o very_a fountain_n of_o the_o ocean_n for_o see_v that_o in_o perpetual_a progress_n of_o time_n so_o great_a a_o abundance_n of_o water_n flow_v from_o they_o into_o the_o ocean_n questionless_a the_o water_n come_v from_o the_o ocean_n to_o the_o very_a spring_n and_o channel_n of_o the_o river_n partly_o through_o the_o subterranean_a passage_n and_o partly_o by_o ra_n 4._o it_o may_v seem_v to_o prove_v that_o the_o fountain_n of_o the_o ocean_n may_v be_v in_o the_o very_a channel_n because_o that_o in_o the_o bottom_n of_o the_o ocean_n in_o some_o part_n sweet_a or_o fresh_a water_n be_v find_v which_o can_v not_o be_v but_o by_o some_o fountain_n flow_v in_o the_o bottom_n linschaten_a relate_v that_o in_o ormus_n fresh_a water_n be_v draw_v by_o divers_a in_o the_o ocean_n at_o the_o depth_n of_o four_o or_o five_o orgya_n and_o the_o like_a fountain_n be_v find_v in_o other_o part_n of_o the_o ocean_n and_o bays_n unto_o this_o i_o answer_v that_o few_o such_o spring_n have_v yet_o be_v find_v which_o suffice_v not_o the_o vast_a ocean_n neither_o do_v we_o dispute_v concern_v these_o fountain_n as_o we_o have_v say_v before_o hence_o it_o be_v manifest_a that_o in_o some_o sort_n it_o be_v true_a and_o we_o may_v well_o say_v that_o the_o ocean_n have_v spring_n but_o not_o in_o that_o sense_n that_o we_o be_v wont_v to_o speak_v concern_v the_o spring_n of_o river_n and_o in_o which_o we_o will_v have_v our_o proposition_n to_o be_v take_v hence_o also_o it_o be_v manifest_v what_o we_o ought_v to_o think_v concern_v that_o question_n viz._n whether_o the_o sea_n be_v always_o one_o and_o the_o same_o and_o perpetual_o so_o remain_v or_o whether_o it_o be_v another_o thing_n who_o part_n be_v perpetual_o consume_v and_o generate_v again_o proposition_n viii_o the_o saltness_n of_o the_o water_n proceed_v from_o the_o particle_n of_o salt_n which_o be_v mix_v with_o it_o but_o whence_o they_o may_v exist_v or_o be_v so_o augment_v be_v the_o doubt_n sea-water_n of_o the_o saltness_n of_o the_o sea-water_n experlence_n prove_v the_o first_o member_n of_o the_o proposition_n by_o which_o it_o be_v common_o know_v that_o salt_n be_v make_v of_o sea-water_n by_o decoction_n of_o the_o water_n or_o by_o the_o heat_n of_o the_o sun_n or_o the_o fervour_n of_o the_o fire_n in_o germany_n and_o other_o place_n the_o water_n be_v separate_v by_o the_o help_n of_o the_o fire_n in_o france_n the_o great_a heat_n of_o the_o sun_n perform_v the_o same_o the_o ocean_n be_v let_v into_o certain_a trench_n make_v in_o which_o in_o the_o space_n of_o some_o month_n the_o water_n be_v exhale_v by_o the_o force_n of_o the_o sun_n make_v of_o salt_n and_o of_o what_o make_v concrete_v and_o hard_a salt_n be_v find_v on_o the_o shore_n of_o many_o region_n as_o of_o england_n and_o other_o part_n plenty_n of_o bay-salt_n be_v find_v the_o sea-water_n continual_o overflow_a those_o shore_n leave_v daily_o some_o particle_n or_o humour_n from_o which_o the_o water_n exhale_v and_o concrete_a salt_n be_v leave_v who_o blackness_n be_v take_v away_o by_o boil_v although_o it_o be_v wash_v away_o and_o dissolve_v from_o many_o coast_n by_o the_o violence_n of_o the_o ocean_n which_o be_v the_o cause_n that_o it_o be_v not_o find_v on_o all_o coast_n see_v therefore_o that_o this_o experiment_n be_v common_a aristotle_n have_v small_a reason_n to_o allege_v a_o false_a experiment_n concern_v a_o waxen_a vessel_n let_v down_o into_o the_o sea_n hence_o it_o be_v manifest_a that_o the_o proximate_a cause_n of_o the_o saltness_n of_o the_o sea-water_n or_o the_o true_a subject_n of_o this_o saltness_n be_v the_o saline_n particle_n which_o be_v contain_v in_o that_o water_n therefore_o the_o aristotelian_o with_o their_o master_n speak_v improper_o and_o obscured_o without_o cause_n when_o they_o defend_v and_o say_v that_o the_o saltness_n of_o the_o sea_n proceed_v from_o the_o adustion_n of_o the_o sea_n cause_v by_o the_o sun_n or_o from_o the_o adust_a particle_n but_o of_o this_o more_o anon_o the_o chief_a difficulty_n and_o controversy_n be_v concern_v the_o other_o member_n of_o the_o proposition_n whence_o these_o salt_n particle_n of_o the_o ocean_n exist_v aristotle_n suppose_v that_o dry_a exhalation_n or_o fume_n all_o which_o he_o say_v be_v of_o a_o adust_a and_o saline_n nature_n elevate_v from_o the_o earth_n be_v mix_v with_o humid_a vapour_n and_o when_o that_o these_o have_v meet_v together_o in_o rain_n they_o fall_v with_o these_o into_o the_o sea_n and_o that_o thence_o proceed_v the_o saltness_n and_o salt_n particle_n in_o the_o sea_n 7._o see_v aristotle_n lib._n 2._o chap._n 7._o and_o on_o this_o account_n he_o seem_v to_o defend_v this_o opinion_n because_o that_o from_o thence_o he_o may_v render_v a_o reason_n why_o the_o sea_n be_v always_o salt_n but_o other_o peripatetic_n will_v have_v it_o and_o so_o do_v endeavour_v to_o draw_v aristotle_n to_o their_o part_n that_o this_o saltness_n be_v in_o the_o sea_n itself_o by_o reason_n that_o it_o be_v perpetual_o scorch_v by_o the_o heat_n of_o the_o sun_n a_o sign_n of_o which_o be_v that_o the_o water_n be_v find_v by_o so_o much_o the_o less_o salt_n by_o how_o much_o it_o be_v more_o deep_a or_o remote_a from_o the_o superficies_n for_o in_o the_o superficies_n we_o discover_v it_o to_o be_v most_o salt_n both_o these_o opinion_n be_v obstruct_v with_o great_a difficulty_n and_o absurdity_n so_o that_o it_o seem_v wonderful_a that_o the_o mind_n of_o philosopher_n and_o learned_a man_n can_v acquiesce_v in_o they_o first_o the_o opinion_n of_o aristotle_n be_v thus_o obstruct_a that_o salt-rain_n shall_v be_v find_v in_o the_o ocean_n which_o never_o yet_o be_v find_v to_o be_v void_a of_o all_o taste_n of_o salt_n second_o the_o sea_n shall_v be_v less_o salt_n when_o it_o rain_v not_o for_o a_o long_a time_n the_o contrary_a of_o which_o yet_o be_v find_v the_o other_o opinion_n have_v these_o difficulty_n 1._o it_o be_v false_a that_o the_o water_n of_o the_o ocean_n be_v find_v the_o less_o salt_n by_o how_o much_o they_o be_v nigh_o to_o the_o bottom_n for_o there_o be_v few_o place_n viz._n in_o those_o bottom_n where_o spring_n of_o fresh_a water_n do_v flow_v 2._o experience_n testify_v that_o fresh_a water_n although_o long_o expose_v to_o the_o sun_n or_o heat_n of_o the_o fire_n yet_o do_v not_o become_v salt_n this_o objection_n scaliger_n endeavour_v to_o avoid_v by_o a_o overnice_a subtlety_n for_o he_o say_v that_o this_o happen_v in_o these_o observation_n by_o reason_n of_o
salt_n but_o this_o be_v a_o deceitful_a sign_n cause_n the_o four_o cause_n 4._o the_o four_o cause_n of_o the_o unequal_a saltness_n be_v the_o frequency_n or_o scarcity_n of_o rains_n unto_o which_o we_o may_v add_v snow_n and_o in_o the_o northern_a place_n snow_n and_o rain_n be_v frequent_a in_o the_o place_n of_o the_o torrid_a zone_n they_o be_v less_o frequent_a in_o some_o part_n of_o the_o year_n and_o in_o othersome_a they_o be_v almost_o continual_a and_o therefore_o in_o these_o place_n in_o the_o pluvial_a month_n the_o water_n of_o the_o ocean_n be_v not_o so_o salt_n on_o the_o shore_n and_o have_v less_o salt_n in_o it_o than_o in_o the_o dry_a month_n yea_o in_o many_o region_n of_o the_o coast_n of_o malabar_n the_o ocean_n be_v fresh_a in_o the_o pluvial_a month_n by_o reason_n of_o the_o abundance_n of_o water_n that_o flow_v from_o the_o top_n of_o the_o mountain_n gatis_n and_o fall_v into_o the_o sea_n for_o this_o very_a reason_n in_o divers_a season_n of_o the_o year_n the_o same_o ocean_n be_v of_o a_o various_a saltness_n yet_o because_o in_o the_o northern_a place_n the_o rain_n and_o snow_n be_v continual_a throughout_o the_o whole_a year_n therefore_o this_o sea_n be_v less_o salt_n than_o in_o the_o torrid_a zone_n cause_n the_o 5_o cause_n 5._o the_o five_o cause_n be_v the_o dissimilary_a solution_n or_o unequal_a faculty_n of_o the_o water_n to_o dissolve_v this_o salt_n and_o unite_v it_o to_o its_o self_n for_o hot_a water_n soon_o unit_v salt_n unto_o itself_o then_o cold_a water_n although_o therefore_o in_o the_o northern_a place_n of_o the_o ocean_n the_o shore_n and_o channel_n of_o the_o same_o contain_v more_o or_o the_o like_a quantity_n of_o salt_n that_o those_o place_n of_o the_o torrid_a zone_n do_v yet_o because_o the_o water_n be_v there_o more_o cold_a it_o be_v not_o so_o able_a to_o dissolve_v and_o unite_v the_o salt_n to_o itself_o so_o subtle_o we_o the_o water_n in_o the_o torrid_a zone_n which_o be_v more_o hot_a cause_n the_o 6_o cause_n 6._o the_o six_o cause_n be_v the_o exoneration_n of_o many_o and_o great_a river_n into_o the_o sea_n but_o this_o cause_n only_o take_v place_n in_o the_o part_n of_o the_o ocean_n that_o be_v vicine_fw-la to_o the_o shore_n but_o be_v not_o discover_v in_o the_o remote_a part_n so_o mariner_n affirm_v that_o the_o ocean_n on_o the_o coast_n of_o brasilia_n where_o the_o silver-river_n disburthen_v itself_o lose_v it_o saltness_n and_o afford_v fresh_a water_n fifteen_o mile_n distant_a from_o the_o shore_n the_o same_o be_v observe_v of_o the_o african_a ocean_n on_o the_o coast_n of_o congi_n where_o the_o river_n zaire_n exonerate_v itself_o and_o of_o many_o more_o river_n unto_o these_o add_v run_v fountain_n in_o some_o part_n of_o the_o bottom_n of_o the_o ocean_n these_o be_v the_o cause_n which_o seem_v to_o concur_v to_o the_o variety_n and_o diversity_n of_o saltness_n in_o divers_a part_n of_o the_o ocean_n from_o which_o the_o saltness_n of_o every_o one_o of_o the_o sea_n may_v be_v explain_v from_o whence_o also_o it_o be_v easy_a to_o give_v a_o account_n why_o the_o water_n of_o the_o german_a and_o northern_a ocean_n be_v less_o apt_a to_o separate_v salt_n from_o itself_o by_o coction_n than_o the_o water_n of_o the_o spanish_a ocean_n the_o canary_n isle_n and_o that_o of_o cape_n verd_fw-mi whence_o the_o dutch_a fetch_v salt_n in_o great_a abundance_n and_o transport_v it_o into_o the_o northern_a region_n viz._n this_o ocean_n be_v more_o near_o the_o torrid_a zone_n and_o receive_v water_n from_o the_o ocean_n of_o the_o torrid_a zone_n the_o other_o be_v more_o remote_a from_o the_o frigid_a zone_n yet_o i_o can_v deny_v the_o constitution_n of_o the_o channel_n themselves_o to_o be_v more_o or_o less_o saline_a the_o sea-water_n at_o guinee_n in_o the_o ethiopic_a ocean_n afford_v salt_n at_o one_o coction_n as_o white_a as_o snow_n such_o as_o neither_o the_o spanish_a ocean_n nor_o any_o other_o in_o europe_n do_v produce_v at_o one_o coction_n or_o boil_a proposition_n xi_o why_o rain-water_n in_o the_o middle_n of_o the_o ocean_n be_v find_v sweet_a but_o the_o water_n which_o we_o separate_v from_o the_o marine_a or_o salt-water_n either_o by_o decoction_n or_o distillation_n be_v yet_o notwithstanding_o find_v salt_n when_o yet_o the_o rain-water_n proceed_v from_o the_o vapour_n exhale_v from_o the_o sea_n salt-water_n freshwater_n abstract_v from_o salt-water_n the_o learned_a chemist_n or_o true_a naturalist_n have_v hitherto_o labour_v in_o vain_a that_o they_o may_v find_v out_o a_o art_n by_o which_o they_o may_v distil_v and_o abstract_n fresh_a water_n from_o the_o water_n of_o the_o ocean_n which_o will_v be_v of_o great_a advantage_n but_o as_o yet_o their_o labour_n have_v prove_v fruitless_a for_o although_o as_o well_o in_o the_o decoction_n as_o distillation_n salt_n may_v be_v leave_v in_o the_o bottom_n of_o the_o vessel_n yet_o the_o water_n separate_v by_o decoction_n as_o well_o as_o distillation_n be_v yet_o find_v salt_n and_o not_o fit_a for_o man_n to_o drink_v which_o seem_v wonderful_a unto_o those_o that_o be_v ignorant_a of_o the_o cause_n yet_o chemistry_n that_o be_v true_a philosophy_n have_v teach_v the_o reason_n for_o by_o the_o benefit_n of_o this_o we_o know_v that_o there_o be_v a_o twofold_a salt_n in_o body_n or_o two_o kind_n of_o salt_n which_o although_o they_o agree_v in_o taste_n yet_o they_o much_o differ_v in_o other_o quality_n one_o of_o these_o artist_n term_v fix_v the_o other_o volatile_a salt_n the_o fix_a salt_n by_o reason_n of_o its_o gravity_n be_v not_o elevate_v in_o distillation_n but_o remain_v in_o the_o bottom_n of_o the_o vessel_n but_o the_o volatile_a salt_n be_v full_a of_o spirit_n and_o indeed_o be_v nothing_o else_o but_o a_o most_o subtle_a spirit_n that_o be_v elevate_v by_o a_o very_a light_a fire_n and_o therefore_o in_o the_o distillation_n ascend_v with_o the_o fresh_a water_n and_o be_v more_o firm_o unite_v by_o reason_n of_o the_o subtlety_n of_o the_o atom_n neither_o be_v this_o volatile_a salt_n find_v only_o with_o fix_a salt_n in_o sea-water_n but_o almost_o in_o all_o body_n as_o chemistry_n prove_v by_o experience_n but_o in_o some_o in_o a_o great_a and_o in_o othersome_a in_o a_o lesser_a quantity_n in_o a_o great_a quantity_n in_o sharp_a taste_v herb_n in_o a_o lesser_a in_o oily_a herb_n therefore_o difficulty_n consist_v in_o the_o separation_n of_o this_o salt_n spirit_n or_o volatile_a salt_n from_o the_o water_n but_o why_o the_o pluvial_a water_n in_o the_o midst_n of_o the_o sea_n be_v no_o less_o fresh_a than_o on_o the_o land_n see_v that_o yet_o it_o be_v generate_v by_o abstraction_n of_o the_o exhalation_n of_o the_o ocean_n cause_v by_o the_o fervour_n of_o the_o sun_n or_o from_o some_o subterraneous_a fire_n which_o evaporation_n do_v little_o differ_v from_o distillation_n the_o cause_n seem_v to_o be_v fourfold_o 1._o a_o slow_a operation_n by_o which_o the_o tenuous_a part_n be_v only_o elevate_v from_o the_o ocean_n which_o although_o it_o contain_v a_o saline_a volatile_a spirit_n yet_o it_o have_v it_o in_o less_o quantity_n than_o if_o that_o this_o exhalation_n be_v cause_v by_o a_o more_o forcible_a heat_n 2._o the_o long_a way_n that_o this_o vapour_n pass_v through_o before_o that_o it_o arrive_v unto_o that_o region_n of_o the_o air_n where_o it_o be_v condensated_a into_o rain_n in_o passage_n it_o be_v possible_a that_o the_o saline_a spirit_n be_v by_o degree_n separate_v from_o the_o watery_a particle_n 3._o the_o admixture_n of_o other_o watery_a particle_n exist_v in_o the_o air_n 4._o a_o refrigeration_n coition_n and_o condensation_n of_o the_o vapour_n for_o these_o exhalation_n exhale_v from_o the_o ocean_n by_o degree_n be_v more_o and_o more_o refrigerated_a and_o be_v conjoin_v with_o other_o obvious_a and_o admix_v vapour_n they_o condense_a into_o a_o more_o thick_a vapour_n or_o cloud_n in_o this_o refrigeration_n and_o condensation_n or_o coition_n of_o the_o saline_a spirit_n with_o the_o fiery_a particle_n they_o fly_v into_o the_o more_o exalt_a part_n of_o the_o air._n now_o why_o the_o same_o be_v not_o perform_v in_o distillation_n where_o the_o vapour_n exalt_v be_v also_o condense_v the_o cause_n be_v 1._o that_o by_o reason_n of_o the_o small_a passage_n the_o saline_a spirit_n be_v as_o yet_o over_o strait_o conjoin_v to_o the_o watery_a particle_n 2._o that_o the_o vapour_n restrain_v in_o the_o vessel_n admit_v not_o a_o free_a passage_n to_o the_o evolant_fw-la spirit_n proposition_n xii_o sea-water_n be_v more_o ponderous_a than_o fresh_a water_n and_o the_o water_n of_o one_o sea_n be_v more_o heavy_a than_o another_o water_n sea_n water_n more_o heavy_a than_o fresh_a water_n the_o cause_n be_v manifest_a from_o what_o have_v be_v say_v
the_o air_n and_o a_o pressure_n towards_o the_o earth_n therefore_o the_o air_n be_v force_v to_o the_o sea_n endeavour_v to_o drive_v it_o from_o its_o place_n and_o by_o reason_n of_o the_o sea_n be_v fluid_a and_o not_o able_a to_o resist_v the_o force_a air_n therefore_o it_o be_v move_v from_o its_o place_n towards_o the_o place_n of_o the_o opposite_a quarter_n and_o force_v another_o water_n and_o this_o another_o and_o so_o on_o now_o see_v that_o there_o be_v always_o some_o wind_n in_o the_o air_n sometime_o in_o this_o place_n and_o sometime_o in_o that_o and_o sometime_o diverse_a in_o divers_a place_n at_o one_o and_o the_o same_o time_n thence_o it_o follow_v that_o there_o be_v certain_a contingent_a motion_n always_o in_o the_o sea_n which_o be_v more_o discernible_a in_o the_o part_n near_o the_o wind_n and_o therefore_o the_o rather_o by_o reason_n that_o the_o sea_n do_v most_o easy_o receive_v a_o impression_n because_o it_o be_v fluid_a proposition_n vii_o the_o general_a motion_n of_o the_o sea_n be_v twofold_a one_o continual_o from_o the_o east_n to_o the_o west_n the_o other_o compose_v of_o two_o contrary_a motion_n which_o be_v term_v the_o flux_n and_o reflux_n of_o the_o sea_n in_o which_o the_o sea_n at_o certain_a hour_n flow_v to_o the_o shore_n and_o in_o certain_a other_o flow_v back_o again_o we_o shall_v first_o treat_v of_o the_o first_o twofold_a the_o motion_n of_o the_o sea_n twofold_a that_o the_o sea_n move_v from_o the_o east_n to_o the_o west_n continual_o be_v chief_o prove_v from_o the_o motion_n of_o that_o sea_n which_o lie_v in_o the_o torrid_a zone_n between_o the_o tropic_n for_o because_o the_o motion_n be_v more_o strong_a hence_o it_o be_v less_o hinder_v by_o other_o motion_n this_o motion_n of_o the_o sea_n be_v manifest_o find_v by_o those_o that_o sail_n from_o india_n to_o madagascar_n and_o africa_n also_o in_o the_o pacifick_n ocean_n between_o new_a spain_n china_n and_o the_o moluccoe_n also_o in_o the_o ocean_n between_o africa_n and_o brasil_n so_o through_o the_o strait_n of_o magellan_n the_o sea_n be_v carry_v from_o the_o east_n to_o the_o west_n with_o a_o vehement_a motion_n so_o through_o the_o streights_n manillan_n through_o channel_n between_o the_o isle_n maldives_n the_o motion_n of_o the_o sea_n carry_v ship_n from_o the_o east_n the_o sea_n glide_v impetuous_o between_o cuba_n and_o jucatan_n into_o the_o gulf_n of_o mexico_n and_o flow_v out_o into_o cuba_n and_o florida_n at_o the_o gulf_n of_o paria_fw-la there_o be_v a_o violent_a influx_n so_o that_o that_o gulf_n be_v term_v os_fw-la draconis_fw-la the_o dragon_n mouth_n famous_a also_o be_v the_o flux_n at_o the_o land_n of_o canada_n from_o the_o tartarian_a ocean_n the_o sea_n move_v through_o the_o strait_n of_o nova_n zembla_n and_o waigat_n strait_n which_o be_v prove_v both_o from_o the_o very_a motion_n itself_o and_o also_o from_o the_o abundance_n of_o ice_n which_o the_o tartarian_a ocean_n cast_v up_o at_o the_o strait_n of_o zembla_n and_o at_o the_o northern_a shore_n of_o america_n in_o the_o pacifick_n ocean_n the_o motion_n be_v towards_o the_o straight_a anian_a also_o from_o japan_n the_o sea_n be_v move_v towards_o china_n so_o in_o the_o straight_a manillan_n the_o motion_n be_v from_o east_n to_o west_n so_o also_o in_o the_o straight_a java_n and_o when_o the_o atlantic_a ocean_n be_v move_v towards_o the_o coast_n of_o america_n the_o contrary_a be_v find_v in_o the_o pacifick_n ocean_n for_o this_o be_v move_v from_o the_o shore_n which_o be_v the_o most_o conspicuous_a at_o cabo_n dez_fw-fr correntes_fw-la between_o panama_n and_o lima._n proposition_n viii_o the_o wind_n oftentimes_o change_v the_o general_a motion_n of_o the_o sea_n especial_o those_o fix_a wind_n which_o we_o shall_v show_v to_o be_v term_v motion_n in_o the_o xxi_o chap._n wind_n the_o motion_n of_o the_o sea_n ofttimes_o change_v by_o the_o wind_n for_o because_o that_o most_o of_o these_o do_v blow_n from_o the_o south_n and_o north_n or_o from_o the_o collateral_a quarter_n of_o these_o thence_o it_o come_v to_o pass_v that_o the_o sea_n by_o reason_n of_o its_o general_a motion_n tend_v towards_o the_o west_n it_o move_v towards_o the_o collateral_a quarter_n of_o the_o west_n viz._n northwest_n or_o south-west_n yea_o the_o general_a wind_n when_o that_o it_o seldom_o blow_v from_o the_o east_n but_o most_o common_o from_o the_o collateral_a quarter_n of_o the_o east_n change_v this_o general_a motion_n of_o the_o sea_n much_o more_o do_v the_o north_n wind_n in_o the_o northern_a sea_n where_o the_o general_a motion_n be_v little_a discernible_a in_o the_o part_n of_o the_o ocean_n proposition_n ix_o the_o cause_n of_o this_o general_a motion_n of_o the_o sea_n from_o the_o east_n to_o the_o west_n be_v uncertain_a west_n the_o opinion_n of_o aristotle_n and_o copernicus_n concern_v the_o general_a motion_n of_o the_o sea_n from_o east_n to_o west_n the_o aristotelian_o suppose_v although_o it_o be_v unknown_a unto_o aristotle_n and_o his_o follower_n and_o indeed_o to_o all_o the_o european_a philosopher_n before_o the_o navigation_n of_o the_o portugal_n through_o the_o ocean_n of_o the_o torrid_a zone_n that_o it_o be_v cause_v by_o the_o prime_a motion_n of_o the_o heaven_n which_o be_v not_o only_o common_a to_o all_o the_o star_n but_o also_o to_o the_o air_n in_o part_n and_o to_o the_o ocean_n by_o which_o all_o be_v carry_v from_o the_o east_n to_o the_o west_n but_o some_o that_o follow_v copernicus_n as_o kepler_n although_o they_o also_o acknowledge_v the_o moon_n also_o the_o cause_n of_o this_o motion_n yet_o they_o determine_v that_o the_o motion_n of_o the_o earth_n do_v not_o a_o little_a contribute_v unto_o this_o motion_n viz._n they_o suppose_v that_o the_o water_n see_v that_o it_o be_v not_o continuous_a but_o only_o contiguous_a unto_o the_o earth_n can_v follow_v the_o circumrotation_n of_o the_o earth_n and_o resist_v it_o towards_o the_o west_n whilst_o the_o earth_n withdraw_v itself_o towards_o the_o east_n and_o therefore_o that_o the_o sea_n move_v not_o from_o one_o part_n of_o the_o earth_n unto_o another_o but_o that_o the_o earth_n leave_v part_n of_o the_o water_n one_o after_o another_o othersome_a who_o be_v not_o please_v neither_o with_o the_o solution_n of_o aristotle_n nor_o copernicus_n have_v recourse_n unto_o the_o moon_n will_v have_v she_o to_o be_v empress_n of_o the_o water_n and_o that_o she_o lead_v about_o with_o she_o and_o draw_v the_o ocean_n from_o the_o east_n to_o the_o west_n if_o it_o be_v demand_v how_o they_o reply_n there_o be_v a_o occult_a faculty_n influence_n sympathy_n vicinity_n to_o the_o earth_n and_o such_o like_a indeed_o it_o be_v very_o probable_a that_o the_o moon_n be_v the_o causer_n of_o this_o motion_n by_o reason_n that_o in_o the_o new_a and_o full_a moon_n this_o motion_n be_v more_o violent_a than_o in_o the_o quarter_n where_o the_o motion_n for_o the_o most_o part_n be_v very_o little_a the_o most_o acute_a cartesius_n have_v explain_v a_o mathematical_a mode_n by_o which_o the_o moon_n cause_v both_o this_o motion_n of_o the_o water_n and_o air_n for_o he_o suppose_v according_a to_o his_o general_a hypothesis_n that_o a_o infinite_a number_n of_o atom_n do_v move_v round_o about_o the_o earth_n by_o which_o the_o space_n even_o unto_o the_o moon_n be_v fill_v without_o any_o vacuum_n which_o space_n he_o call_v the_o vortex_n of_o the_o earth_n viz._n let_v the_o earth_n be_v fegh_n the_o water_n 2143_o the_o air_n 6587._o the_o vortex_n of_o the_o earth_n b_o a_o d_o c_o the_o moon_n b._n therefore_o say_v he_o if_o that_o there_o be_v no_o moon_n in_o the_o vortex_n b_o a_o d_o c_o the_o particle_n of_o its_o vortex_n will_v be_v turn_v round_o about_o the_o centre_n t_o but_o because_o that_o the_o moon_n be_v in_o it_o therefore_o the_o space_n through_o which_o the_o celestial_a matter_n flow_v between_o b_o and_o t_o be_v render_v more_o angust_n and_o thence_o it_o follow_v that_o the_o celestial_a matter_n flow_v there_o more_o quick_a between_o b_o and_o t_n and_o therefore_o more_o press_v the_o superficies_n of_o the_o air_n in_o 6_o and_o also_o the_o superficies_n of_o the_o water_n in_o 2._o then_o if_o the_o moon_n be_v not_o in_o the_o diameter_n of_o the_o vortex_n b_o d_o and_o see_v that_o both_o the_o body_n of_o the_o air_n and_o water_n be_v fluid_a and_o easy_o pliant_a to_o this_o pression_n it_o must_v not_o be_v so_o high_a above_o the_o part_n of_o the_o earth_n f_o as_o if_o the_o moon_n be_v without_o the_o diameter_n b_o d._n and_o on_o the_o contrary_n must_v be_v more_o high_a towards_o e._n but_o whilst_o that_o the_o earth_n be_v carry_v from_o e_o through_o f_o towards_o g_z or_o from_o the_o
flux_n or_o deflux_n yea_o those_o term_n be_v not_o apt_a enough_o but_o it_o be_v better_a to_o call_v it_o a_o intumescency_n and_o detumescency_n so_o that_o by_o these_o peculiar_a appellation_n the_o quality_n of_o the_o flux_n or_o motion_n may_v be_v distinguish_v from_o the_o motion_n or_o flux_n itself_o for_o the_o sea_n always_o flow_v from_o the_o east_n to_o the_o west_n and_o only_o appear_v to_o re-flow_a by_o reason_n that_o when_o in_o one_o place_n there_o be_v a_o great_a quantity_n of_o water_n and_o that_o it_o flow_v with_o vehemency_n to_o a_o certain_a place_n afterward_o in_o another_o time_n this_o impetus_fw-la cease_v but_o it_o be_v therefore_o term_v a_o reflux_n because_o that_o the_o sea_n seem_v in_o bay_n and_o shore_n to_o draw_v near_o and_o depart_v according_a to_o the_o extension_n of_o bay_n and_o shore_n which_o happen_v not_o by_o reason_n of_o the_o quality_n of_o the_o motion_n itself_o but_o by_o reason_n of_o the_o situation_n of_o coast_n and_o channel_n viz._n that_o the_o water_n do_v return_v back_o to_o a_o contrary_a quarter_n but_o that_o the_o sea_n fall_v down_o this_o proceed_v not_o from_o the_o situation_n of_o the_o coast_n but_o from_o the_o condition_n of_o the_o place_n itself_o neither_o ought_v or_o can_v the_o motion_n of_o the_o sea_n be_v regard_v from_o the_o appulse_n to_o the_o shore_n for_o whatsoever_o the_o motion_n of_o the_o sea_n be_v or_o unto_o what_o quarter_n soever_o it_o be_v make_v the_o flux_n be_v always_o towards_o the_o shore_n which_o be_v by_o reason_n of_o the_o fluid_a nature_n of_o the_o water_n now_o see_v that_o both_o the_o flux_n or_o reflux_n or_o in_o the_o intumescency_n and_o detumescency_n the_o sea_n be_v move_v towards_o the_o same_o quarter_n viz._n from_o the_o east_n to_o the_o west_n and_o do_v not_o re-flow_a again_o be_v collect_v from_o hence_o first_o that_o in_o the_o ocean_n remove_v from_o the_o shore_n under_o the_o torrid_a zone_n no_o other_o motion_n be_v find_v than_o that_o by_o which_o it_o be_v carry_v from_o the_o east_n to_o the_o west_n second_o in_o the_o strait_n which_o direct_o extend_v from_o east_n to_o west_n and_o in_o which_o the_o part_n of_o the_o ocean_n be_v join_v as_o the_o strait_n of_o magellan_n manillan_n java_n and_o other_o among_o the_o indian_a isle_n in_o these_o strait_n i_o say_v the_o sea_n indeed_o swell_v and_o fall_v in_o twelve_o hour_n but_o yet_o the_o sea_n in_o the_o detumescency_n do_v flow_v back_o from_o out_o the_o strait_n from_o the_o west_n to_o the_o east_n therefore_o another_o orifice_n of_o the_o straight_a into_o the_o west_n which_o be_v a_o manifest_a sign_n that_o this_o intumescency_n and_o detumescency_n be_v not_o a_o peculiar_a motion_n but_o a_o modification_n of_o the_o general_a motion_n neither_o do_v the_o sea_n flow_v back_o into_o the_o east_n therefore_o scaliger_n and_o all_o other_o be_v deceive_v which_o here_o introduce_v a_o double_a motion_n replicate_v into_o itself_o but_o yet_o this_o must_v be_v understand_v that_o when_o we_o say_v that_o this_o motion_n be_v make_v from_o the_o east_n to_o the_o west_n the_o cardinal_n quarter_n be_v not_o only_o understand_v but_o also_o those_o quarter_n that_o be_v collateral_a viz._n the_o sea_n be_v move_v also_o by_o this_o flux_n from_o the_o collateral_a quarter_n of_o the_o east_n unto_o the_o collateral_a quarter_n of_o the_o west_n yea_o unto_o the_o north_n and_o south_n but_o not_o by_o so_o forcible_a and_o valid_a motion_n proposition_n xi_o to_o declare_v the_o cause_n of_o the_o intumescency_n and_o detumescency_n of_o the_o sea_n or_o the_o flux_n and_o reflux_n vulgar_o so_o term_v sea_n the_o cause_n of_o the_o flux_n and_o reflux_n of_o the_o sea_n there_o be_v almost_o no_o phaenomenon_n of_o nature_n that_o have_v more_o exercise_v the_o wit_n of_o learned_a man_n and_o philosopher_n and_o that_o have_v delude_v more_o endeavour_n some_o have_v make_v the_o sea_n and_o earth_n to_o be_v a_o animal_n which_o by_o its_o inspiration_n and_o expiration_n have_v cause_v the_o flux_n and_o reflux_n other_o make_v the_o cause_n to_o be_v a_o great_a vortex_n near_o to_o norway_n which_o for_o six_o hour_n suck_v up_o the_o water_n and_o for_o so_o many_o spu_v they_o out_o again_o scaliger_n and_o other_o suppose_v the_o coast_n especial_o those_o of_o america_n to_o be_v the_o cause_n thereof_o by_o reason_n that_o they_o repel_v the_o appulse_n of_o the_o sea_n which_o proceed_v from_o the_o general_a motion_n but_o many_o when_o that_o they_o discover_v the_o connexion_n of_o this_o intumescency_n and_o detumescency_n with_o the_o motion_n of_o the_o moon_n determine_v that_o it_o only_o depend_v on_o that_o but_o how_o this_o shall_v be_v be_v a_o more_o than_o ordinary_a task_n to_o discover_v see_v that_o they_o reply_v nothing_o else_o but_o that_o the_o moon_n do_v attract_v upward_o humour_n by_o a_o occult_a quality_n and_o sympathy_n but_o 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t_o which_o be_v the_o centre_n of_o the_o earth_n aught_o to_o be_v in_o the_o point_n m_o which_o be_v the_o centre_n of_o the_o vortex_n but_o the_o moon_n be_v towards_o b_o this_o centre_n of_o the_o earth_n t_o oughts_z to_o be_v between_o m_n and_o d_o by_o reason_n that_o the_o celestial_a matter_n of_o this_o vortex_n be_v somewhat_o more_o quick_a move_v than_o the_o moon_n or_o the_o earth_n which_o it_o carry_v with_o it_o except_o that_o the_o point_n t_n be_v a_o little_a more_o distant_a from_o b_o than_z from_z d_o the_o presence_n of_o the_o moon_n will_v hinder_v that_o that_o shall_v not_o so_o free_o flow_v between_o b_o and_o t_o so_o see_v that_o the_o place_n of_o the_o earth_n in_o this_o vortex_n be_v not_o determinate_v excâ—â—â—_n from_o the_o equality_n of_o the_o strength_n of_o the_o celestial_a matter_n flow_v about_o it_o therefore_o it_o be_v evident_a that_o it_o ought_v somewhat_o to_o approach_v towards_o d._n and_o after_o the_o same_o mode_n when_o the_o moon_n shall_v be_v in_o c_o the_o centre_n of_o the_o earth_n ought_v to_o be_v between_o m_n and_o a_o and_o so_o always_o the_o earth_n depart_v a_o little_a from_o the_o moon_n moreover_o because_o by_o this_o mean_n from_o this_o that_o the_o moon_n be_v towards_o b_o not_o only_o the_o space_n through_o which_o the_o celestial_a matter_n flow_v between_o b_o and_o t_o but_o also_o that_o space_n through_o which_o it_o flow_v between_o t_n and_o d_o be_v render_v more_o angust_n thence_o it_o follow_v that_o this_o celestial_a matter_n there_o flow_v more_o swift_o and_o therefore_o do_v more_o press_v both_o the_o superficies_n of_o the_o air_n in_o 6_o and_o 8_o and_o also_o the_o superficies_n of_o the_o water_n in_o 2_o and_o 4_o than_o if_o that_o the_o moon_n be_v not_o in_o the_o diameter_n of_o the_o vortex_n b_o d_o now_o see_v that_o both_o the_o body_n of_o the_o air_n and_o water_n be_v fluid_a and_o easy_o obnoxious_a to_o this_o pression_n they_o ought_v not_o to_o be_v so_o high_a above_o the_o part_n of_o the_o earth_n f_o and_o h_n as_o if_o the_o moon_n be_v without_o this_o diameter_n b_o d_o and_o so_o also_o on_o the_o contrary_n they_o ought_v to_o be_v high_o towards_o g_o and_z e_z so_o that_o the_o superficies_n of_o the_o water_n 1_o and_o 3_o and_o of_o the_o air_n 5_o and_o 7_o do_v there_o protuberate_v now_o because_o that_o part_n of_o the_o earth_n which_o be_v now_o in_o f_o on_o the_o opposite_a quarter_n of_o the_o point_n b_o where_o the_o sea_n be_v very_o little_a high_a after_o six_o hour_n it_o will_v be_v in_o g_o on_o the_o opposite_a region_n of_o the_o point_n c_o where_o it_o be_v most_o high_a and_o after_o other_o six_o hour_n in_o h_n on_o the_o region_n of_o
the_o point_n d_o and_o so_o consequent_o or_o rather_o because_o that_o the_o moon_n in_o the_o mean_a space_n do_v somewhat_o proceed_v forward_o from_o b_o towards_z c_z as_o running_z in_o a_o month_n space_n through_o the_o circle_n a_o b_o c_o d_o part_n of_o the_o earth_n that_o be_v now_o in_o f_o on_o the_o opposite_a region_n of_o the_o body_n of_o the_o moon_n after_o six_o hour_n and_o twelve_o minute_n either_o more_o or_o less_o shall_v be_v beyond_o the_o point_n g_o in_o that_o diameter_n of_o the_o vortex_n a_fw-it b_o c_o d_o which_o intersect_v that_o diameter_n of_o the_o same_o vortex_n in_o which_o the_o moon_n shall_v then_o be_v at_o right_a angle_n and_o then_o shall_v the_o water_n be_v there_o most_o high_a and_o after_o six_o hour_n with_o twelve_o minute_n it_o shall_v be_v beyond_o the_o point_n h._n in_o the_o place_n where_o the_o water_n shall_v be_v very_o low_a etc._n etc._n whence_o it_o be_v clear_o discover_v that_o the_o water_n of_o the_o sea_n in_o every_o twelve_o hour_n and_o twenty_o four_o minute_n shall_v flow_v and_o re-flow_a in_o one_o and_o the_o same_o place_n this_o be_v the_o demonstration_n of_o cartesius_n in_o which_o that_o be_v especial_o ingenious_a that_o it_o apt_o show_v not_o only_a how_o the_o flux_n or_o intumescency_n be_v make_v at_o the_o place_n when_o that_o the_o moon_n be_v move_v at_o its_o vertex_fw-la or_o meridian_n but_o also_o when_o that_o the_o moon_n beneath_o the_o horizon_n be_v move_v to_o the_o meridian_n of_o midnight_n we_o have_v say_v in_o the_o end_n of_o the_o nine_o proposition_n what_o any_o one_o may_v seem_v to_o require_v in_o this_o demonstration_n especial_o that_o which_o seem_v to_o be_v admire_v at_o that_o cartesius_n shall_v not_o so_o much_o as_o think_v that_o according_a unto_o this_o demonstration_n that_o the_o least_o altitude_n of_o water_n and_o all_o kind_n of_o detumescency_n aught_o to_o be_v when_o that_o the_o moon_n come_v to_o the_o meridian_n as_o the_o moon_n be_v in_o b_o the_o least_o altitude_n of_o water_n be_v in_o 2_o and_o 4_o and_o on_o the_o contrary_a the_o water_n increase_v with_o the_o departure_n of_o the_o moon_n or_o earth_n so_o that_o when_o f_o shall_v be_v in_o g._n that_o be_v six_o hour_n from_o the_o moon_n it_o shall_v have_v the_o great_a altitude_n which_o in_o truth_n be_v contrary_a to_o all_o experience_n for_o with_o the_o access_n of_o the_o moon_n to_o the_o meridian_n the_o water_n increase_v and_o with_o the_o departure_n of_o the_o same_o decrease_v but_o the_o word_n of_o cartesius_n as_o well_o as_o the_o diagramma_fw-la assert_v the_o contrary_n but_o i_o suppose_v this_o absurdity_n may_v be_v remove_v from_o the_o demonstration_n and_o that_o by_o this_o mode_n so_o that_o it_o may_v be_v approve_v of_o by_o cartesius_n for_o let_v we_o place_v the_o vortex_n of_o the_o earth_n a_o b_o c_o d_o to_n be_v without_o the_o moon_n and_o the_o water_n 1_o 2_o 3_o 4_o to_o be_v equal_o distant_a from_o the_o centre_n t_o without_o any_o tumour_n but_o yet_o to_o be_v move_v round_o with_o the_o earth_n and_o celestial_a matter_n between_o a_o b_o c_o d_o and_z 5_o 6_o 7_o 8._o now_o let_v the_o body_n of_o the_o moon_n draw_v near_o unto_o this_o vortex_n for_o example_n into_o b_o and_o therefore_o the_o space_n t_o b_o become_v more_o narrow_a and_o the_o celestial_a matter_n whilst_o that_o it_o endeavour_v to_o pass_v through_o it_o press_v the_o water_n in_o 2_o towards_o e._n therefore_o whilst_o that_o the_o water_n be_v expel_v from_o 2_o towards_o e_o it_o be_v demand_v where_o the_o great_a tumour_n of_o water_n will_v be_v whether_o in_o the_o place_n e_o which_o be_v a_o quarter_n distant_a from_o the_o place_n f_o unto_o which_o the_o moon_n be_v vertical_a or_o whether_o in_o a_o place_n nigh_o unto_o f_o towards_o e_z if_o that_o you_o assert_v the_o first_o viz._n that_o the_o tumour_n ought_v to_o be_v in_o e_o experience_n do_v then_o gainsay_v but_o that_o the_o second_o be_v true_o so_o experience_n confirm_v and_o reason_n do_v induce_v to_o believe_v viz._n whilst_o that_o the_o moon_n consist_v above_o the_o place_n e_o the_o water_n be_v expel_v from_o 2_o towards_o i_o but_o the_o great_a tumour_n will_v be_v in_o the_o place_n near_o to_o 2_o not_o in_o i._o for_o this_o be_v manifest_a by_o experience_n because_o the_o occidental_a place_n do_v late_a discover_v the_o intumescency_n but_o reason_n and_o the_o motion_n of_o the_o water_n do_v altogether_o require_v the_o same_o law_n for_o if_o the_o water_n be_v pour_v forth_o into_o 2_o that_o it_o may_v flow_v towards_o e_o the_o great_a quantity_n will_v be_v in_o the_o place_n e_o a_o little_a less_o in_o the_o place_n near_o to_o that_o and_o yet_o far_o less_o in_o the_o place_n nigh_o to_o that_o and_o least_o of_o all_o in_o e._n so_o also_o when_o that_o water_n be_v drive_v from_o 2_o towards_o e_o its_o great_a quantity_n and_o accumulation_n shall_v be_v in_o the_o place_n near_o to_o 2_o and_o so_o much_o the_o lesser_a by_o how_o much_o the_o place_n be_v more_o remote_a from_o 2_o but_o because_o the_o earth_n be_v move_v round_o that_o e_o may_v come_v unto_o f_o then_o at_o length_n shall_v the_o great_a tumour_n be_v in_o e_o and_o the_o water_n shall_v be_v force_v towards_o h._n therefore_o the_o diagram_n of_o cartesius_n with_o the_o demonstration_n itself_o aught_o to_o be_v change_v that_o the_o tumour_n may_v be_v in_o the_o place_n near_o unto_o the_o very_a 2_o that_o be_v to_o that_o unto_o which_o the_o moon_n be_v vertical_a what_o else_o may_v be_v here_o say_v we_o shall_v handle_v in_o our_o treatise_n of_o the_o consideration_n of_o the_o cartesian_a philosophy_n proposition_n xii_o in_o full_a and_o new_a moon_n the_o general_a motion_n of_o the_o sea_n from_o the_o east_n to_o the_o west_n be_v more_o violent_a also_o the_o intumescency_n of_o the_o sea_n be_v find_v great_a in_o most_o part_n but_o in_o the_o quarter_n the_o motion_n be_v find_v the_o least_o of_o all_o and_o so_o also_o in_o the_o intumescency_n violent_a in_o full_a and_o new_a moon_n the_o motion_n of_o the_o sea_n from_o east_n to_o west_n most_o violent_a experience_v sufficient_o prove_v this_o proposition_n for_o mariner_n testify_v that_o the_o sea_n do_v foam_n and_o swell_v in_o new_a and_o full_a moon_n and_o in_o the_o quarter_n be_v calm_a now_o it_o be_v easy_o demonstrate_v according_a to_o the_o hypothesis_n of_o the_o precede_a proposition_n for_o the_o moon_n when_o it_o be_v either_o full_a or_o new_a be_v more_o near_o the_o earth_n than_o at_o any_o other_o time_n and_o in_o the_o quarter_n more_o remote_a as_o astronomer_n do_v demonstrate_v now_o when_o the_o moon_n be_v more_o near_o the_o earth_n that_o be_v when_o that_o the_o space_n b_o t_n be_v less_o the_o celestial_a matter_n be_v hinder_v more_o vehement_o press_v the_o water_n from_o 2_o to_o 1_o because_o it_o be_v more_o near_o but_o on_o the_o contrary_a in_o the_o quarter_n yet_o the_o motion_n be_v observe_v to_o be_v more_o violent_a in_o the_o full_a moon_n than_o in_o the_o new_a at_o least_o in_o some_o place_n which_o except_o you_o will_v ascribe_v to_o the_o light_n of_o the_o moon_n i_o see_v no_o other_o cause_n neither_o can_v we_o otherwise_o show_v why_o in_o the_o full_a moon_n both_o tree_n and_o animal_n have_v great_a humour_n than_o in_o the_o new_a see_v that_o the_o sea_n be_v equal_o augment_v in_o the_o new_a moon_n yet_o that_o be_v marvellous_a that_o one_o twistius_n a_o dutchman_n relate_v in_o his_o description_n of_o india_n concern_v the_o kingdom_n of_o gazaratt_n where_o for_o many_o year_n he_o dwell_v that_o cockle_n crab_n and_o other_o shelly_a fish_n be_v less_o fleshy_a and_o juicy_a in_o the_o full_a moon_n than_o in_o the_o new_a which_o be_v contrary_a to_o the_o nature_n of_o all_o region_n neither_o be_v it_o less_o admirable_a that_o on_o the_o shore_n near_o to_o the_o mouth_n of_o the_o river_n indus_n in_o the_o same_o kingdom_n that_o the_o sea_n be_v augment_v and_o swell_v in_o the_o new_a moon_n and_o not_o far_o from_o thence_o in_o the_o sea_n of_o calicut_n the_o increase_n be_v in_o the_o full_a moon_n proposition_n xiii_o in_o the_o time_n of_o the_o vernal_a and_o autumnal_a equinox_n or_o in_o the_o spring_n and_o autumn_n the_o intumescency_n of_o the_o sea_n be_v great_a than_o in_o the_o other_o season_n of_o the_o year_n but_o least_o in_o the_o solstice_n great_a in_o spring_n and_o autumn_n the_o intumescency_n of_o the_o sea_n be_v great_a cartesius_n indeed_o pretend_v to_o show_v a_o demonstration_n of_o this_o propriety_n from_o his_o hypothesis_n but_o i_o can_v
apprehend_v it_o from_o his_o word_n neither_o do_v i_o see_v how_o it_o can_v follow_v from_o his_o hypothesis_n it_o be_v probable_a that_o the_o sun_n and_o general_a wind_n do_v very_o much_o contribute_v to_o this_o intumescency_n of_o the_o water_n and_o see_v that_o the_o sun_n in_o the_o aequinoctial_o do_v incumb_fw-la on_o the_o middle_n of_o the_o sea_n of_o the_o torrid_a zone_n therefore_o either_o he_o or_o the_o wind_n cause_n that_o the_o sea_n than_o swell_v more_o than_o at_o another_o time_n but_o as_o concern_v the_o solstice_n we_o must_v say_v in_o a_o contrary_a mode_n or_o that_o the_o same_o be_v the_o cause_n of_o the_o great_a intumescency_n of_o the_o sea_n in_o the_o time_n of_o the_o aequinoctial_o either_o of_o the_o spring_n or_o autumn_n which_o be_v the_o cause_n of_o more_o frequent_a rain_n wind_n and_o inundadion_n in_o those_o season_n proposition_n fourteen_o in_o some_o part_n of_o the_o ocean_n gulf_n and_o shore_n great_a be_v the_o increase_n and_o decrease_v of_o the_o water_n in_o the_o influx_n and_o deflux_n in_o other_o some_o it_o be_v very_o small_a in_o some_o not_o discernible_a and_o so_o there_o be_v no_o flux_n and_o reflux_n or_o intumescency_n and_o detumescency_n ocean_n the_o increase_n and_o decrease_v of_o the_o water_n in_o several_a part_n of_o the_o ocean_n those_o place_n receive_v great_a augmentation_n and_o decrease_n 1._o that_o be_v under_o the_o torrid_a zone_n between_o the_o tropic_n for_o then_o the_o moon_n press_v for_o the_o most_o part_n be_v there_o carry_v round_o 2._o in_o place_n that_o be_v direct_o extend_v from_o east_n to_o west_n or_o nigh_o the_o collateral_a quarter_n 3._o in_o those_o gulf_n that_o be_v long_a and_o less_o broad_a the_o augmentation_n be_v the_o more_o sensible_a 4._o in_o those_o place_n in_o which_o few_o island_n or_o procurrent_n adjoyn_v to_o the_o earth_n cambaja_n the_o great_a flux_n and_o deflux_n in_o the_o straight_a of_o cambaja_n the_o great_a flux_n and_o deflux_n hitherto_o observe_v be_v that_o which_o be_v in_o the_o straight_a of_o cambaja_n in_o one_o of_o the_o inlet_n of_o the_o river_n indus_n and_o it_o have_v strike_v many_o with_o admiration_n for_o the_o water_n recede_v to_o a_o high_a distance_n and_o that_o very_o speedy_o whence_o not_o without_o reason_n the_o river_n indus_n or_o the_o gulf_n of_o cambaja_n be_v think_v to_o be_v that_o unto_o which_o when_o that_o alexander_n the_o great_a come_v and_o endeavour_v to_o pass_v his_o army_n over_o as_o it_o be_v there_o relate_v the_o water_n present_o go_v back_o and_o leave_v his_o ship_n a_o ground_n hence_o he_o go_v no_o far_o but_o judge_v that_o the_o god_n have_v here_o fix_v the_o bound_n of_o his_o expedition_n with_o a_o prohibition_n of_o proceed_v any_o far_o the_o cause_n be_v the_o small_a or_o narrow_a and_o deep_a depression_n of_o the_o channel_n but_o yet_o it_o be_v probable_a there_o be_v some_o other_o cause_n damman_n fluv_n and_o reflux_n at_o damman_n at_o the_o city_n damman_n in_o india_n not_o far_o from_o surat_n the_o altitude_n of_o the_o water_n by_o flux_n and_o reflux_n be_v vary_v at_o two_o and_o a_o half_a orygas_n and_o the_o sea_n depart_v from_o the_o shore_n the_o space_n of_o half_a a_o mile_n in_o the_o gulf_n of_o cambaja_n the_o flux_n augment_v the_o altitude_n five_o orgyas_n other_o say_v seven_o which_o unusual_a augmentation_n have_v be_v the_o cause_n of_o the_o loss_n of_o many_o ship_n by_o unexperienced_a mariner_n for_o the_o water_n fall_v they_o have_v be_v split_v on_o the_o rock_n red-sea_n no_o constant_a time_n of_o the_o flux_n and_o reflux_n in_o the_o strait_n of_o magellan_n the_o flux_n and_o reflux_n in_o the_o red-sea_n in_o the_o gulf_n and_o shore_n of_o the_o strait_n of_o magellan_n no_o constant_a time_n of_o the_o flux_n and_o reflux_n be_v observe_v for_o sometime_o the_o water_n flow_v and_o reflow_v in_o three_o hour_n othersome_a in_o twelve_o hour_n which_o inconstancy_n be_v to_o be_v ascribe_v to_o the_o violent_a irruption_n of_o the_o ocean_n into_o that_o straight_a and_o from_o the_o various_a agitation_n of_o the_o wind_n about_o malacca_n also_o at_o the_o straight_a of_o sunda_n a_o notable_a flux_n and_o deflux_n be_v observe_v in_o the_o arabian_a gulf_n or_o red_a sea_n some_o of_o the_o ancient_n have_v write_v that_o there_o be_v so_o great_a a_o reflux_n as_o scaliger_n write_v that_o moses_n and_o the_o israelite_n pass_v over_o without_o any_o miracle_n but_o it_o be_v false_a because_o the_o reflux_n be_v not_o there_o so_o great_a as_o to_o leave_v the_o channel_n dry_a on_o the_o coast_n of_o china_n the_o flux_n and_o reflux_n be_v very_o sensible_a as_o also_o at_o the_o isle_n of_o japan_n at_o panama_n on_o the_o coast_n of_o america_n lie_v at_o the_o pacifick_n ocean_n the_o sea_n be_v very_o much_o exalt_v panama_n the_o sea_n at_o the_o flux_n much_o exalt_v at_o panama_n and_o by_o and_o by_o depress_v again_o in_o the_o full_a moon_n the_o flux_n be_v so_o much_o augment_v that_o water_n enter_v into_o the_o house_n of_o the_o city_n yea_o in_o almost_o all_o the_o shore_n of_o the_o south_n sea_n the_o altitude_n of_o the_o water_n be_v wonderful_o augment_v and_o diminish_v so_o that_o in_o the_o reflux_n the_o decrease_n be_v sensible_a for_o two_o mile_n in_o the_o gulf_n of_o bengala_n at_o the_o shore_n of_o sâ—am_n the_o flux_n augment_v the_o altitude_n ten_o foot_n sea_n the_o flux_n not_o perceivable_a in_o the_o mediterranean_a sea_n but_o in_o the_o mediterranean_a sea_n which_o flow_v in_o through_o the_o strait_n of_o gibraltar_n from_o the_o west_n to_o the_o east_n the_o flux_n be_v not_o perceivable_a because_o the_o situation_n be_v contrary_a to_o the_o quarter_n into_o which_o the_o sea_n be_v move_v and_o therefore_o the_o water_n of_o it_o be_v little_o augment_v by_o the_o flux_n so_o that_o it_o be_v not_o discernible_a unless_o in_o the_o gulf_n of_o venice_n which_o by_o reason_n of_o its_o long_a extension_n and_o small_a latitude_n show_v the_o flux_n and_o reflux_n when_o in_o the_o other_o part_n of_o the_o mediterranean_a sea_n by_o reason_n of_o its_o notable_a latitude_n that_o little_a augmentation_n and_o decrease_n be_v not_o discover_v whence_o this_o flux_n and_o reflux_n be_v unknown_a to_o the_o grecian_n as_o also_o to_o the_o roman_n in_o the_o time_n of_o scipio_n africanus_n and_o the_o grecian_n as_o well_v as_o the_o roman_n account_v it_o as_o miraculous_a what_o sometime_o they_o discover_v in_o other_o place_n as_o be_v manifest_a from_o the_o expedition_n of_o alexander_n the_o great_a and_o of_o scipio_n in_o the_o expugnation_n of_o carthage_n but_o in_o the_o time_n of_o cicero_n it_o be_v know_v to_o the_o roman_n yet_o some_o observe_v it_o a_o little_a at_o massilia_n also_o at_o certain_a coast_n of_o barbary_n it_o be_v note_v enough_o out_o the_o flux_n and_o reflux_n in_o the_o baltic_a sea_n not_o yet_o find_v out_o in_o the_o baltic_a ocean_n as_o also_o in_o the_o whole_a northern_a sea_n beyond_o england_n towards_o norway_n and_o greenland_n the_o flux_n and_o reflux_n of_o the_o sea_n be_v not_o yet_o find_v out_o as_o neither_o in_o the_o north_n coast_n of_o the_o pacifick_n ocean_n but_o the_o cause_n be_v not_o yet_o sufficient_o know_v unless_o you_o will_v say_v that_o those_o sea_n be_v remote_a from_o the_o course_n of_o the_o moon_n and_o also_o that_o they_o be_v extend_v from_o the_o west_n to_o the_o east_n and_o north_n moreover_o that_o many_o isle_n and_o procurrency_n of_o land_n do_v hinder_v these_o three_o must_v be_v conjoin_v to_o impede_fw-la the_o flux_n of_o the_o sea_n in_o these_o place_n proposition_n xv._o the_o flux_n and_o reflux_n of_o the_o sea_n be_v a_o violent_a motion_n viz._n a_o impulse_n but_o the_o reflux_n be_v a_o natural_a motion_n of_o the_o water_n for_o the_o flux_n be_v cause_v by_o the_o pression_n of_o the_o moon_n or_o matter_n between_o the_o moon_n and_o the_o earth_n or_o also_o because_o that_o the_o sea_n do_v not_o remain_v in_o that_o situation_n which_o be_v receive_v in_o the_o flux_n this_o be_v a_o sign_n that_o it_o be_v a_o violent_a motion_n but_o in_o the_o reflux_n the_o sea_n be_v move_v from_o a_o more_o high_a place_n to_o a_o more_o depress_a place_n which_o be_v the_o natural_a motion_n of_o water_n lemma_n the_o place_n of_o the_o moon_n be_v give_v in_o the_o ecliptic_a and_o the_o latitude_n and_o hour_n of_o the_o day_n from_o a_o ephemerides_n or_o by_o supputation_n or_o astronomical_a observation_n to_o find_v on_o the_o terrestrial_a globe_n the_o place_n unto_o which_o the_o moon_n at_o the_o hour_n give_v be_v vertical_a also_o to_o exhibit_v all_o those_o place_n of_o the_o earth_n unto_o
which_o the_o moon_n will_v be_v vertical_a that_o day_n viz._n one_o after_o another_o 19_o see_v proposition_n 13._o in_o chap._n 19_o the_o use_n of_o this_o problem_n be_v great_a yea_o very_a necessary_a in_o the_o doctrine_n concern_v the_o flux_n and_o reflux_n of_o the_o sea_n the_o mode_n of_o perform_v of_o the_o same_o you_o shall_v find_v in_o the_o nineteenth_o chapter_n and_o the_o thirteen_o proposition_n for_o there_o it_o be_v more_o convenient_o explain_v yet_o the_o explication_n of_o that_o proposition_n may_v be_v anticipate_v and_o demonstrate_v to_o the_o studious_a in_o this_o chapter_n proposition_n xvi_o in_o those_o place_n of_o the_o sea_n to_o which_o the_o moon_n be_v vertical_a the_o flux_n and_o deflux_n be_v great_a except_o that_o there_o be_v other_o impediment_n which_o we_o have_v reckon_v up_o in_o the_o fourteen_o proposition_n and_o by_o how_o much_o the_o part_n of_o the_o sea_n be_v more_o remote_a from_o the_o place_n by_o so_o much_o the_o flux_n and_o deflux_n be_v lesser_a other_o thing_n be_v equal_a for_o because_o in_o that_o place_n the_o pressure_n be_v great_a and_o the_o tumour_n of_o the_o water_n great_a which_o be_v more_o vicine_fw-la to_o the_o moon_n press_v and_o the_o celestial_a matter_n thence_o follow_v that_o that_o the_o proposition_n intimate_v the_o objection_n concern_v some_o other_o place_n in_o the_o comparison_n of_o which_o the_o contrary_a be_v find_v be_v to_o be_v excuse_v by_o the_o admixtion_n of_o other_o cause_n proposition_n xvii_o the_o quantity_n of_o the_o flux_n and_o reflux_n be_v unconstant_a in_o every_o place_n and_o divers_a on_o several_a day_n and_o by_o so_o much_o the_o great_a or_o lesser_a by_o how_o much_o the_o moon_n be_v more_o remote_a or_o near_o unto_o that_o place_n ecliptic_a the_o moon_n every_o day_n change_v her_o place_n in_o the_o ecliptic_a for_o the_o moon_n every_o day_n change_v her_o place_n in_o the_o ecliptic_a and_o so_o on_o other_o day_n be_v vertical_a to_o other_o place_n and_o by_o consequence_n be_v more_o remote_a from_o any_o place_n or_o more_o near_o which_o be_v observe_v we_o conclude_v from_o the_o precede_a proposition_n that_o there_o be_v a_o divers_a quantity_n of_o the_o flux_n and_o reflux_n in_o one_o and_o the_o same_o place_n on_o divers_a day_n whether_o that_o the_o diversity_n be_v sensible_a or_o insensible_a proposition_n xviii_o the_o great_a intumescency_n of_o water_n in_o any_o place_n and_o term_v of_o the_o flux_n aught_o to_o be_v when_o that_o the_o moon_n do_v occupy_v the_o meridian_n of_o the_o place_n but_o in_o many_o place_n it_o be_v find_v to_o be_v in_o another_o situation_n of_o the_o moon_n for_o than_o be_v the_o moon_n most_o nigh_o to_o any_o place_n of_o the_o earth_n when_o that_o it_o be_v in_o the_o meridian_n of_o that_o place_n because_o that_o the_o hypotenusa_fw-la of_o a_o right_a angle_a triangle_n be_v low_a than_o the_o cathetus_n whence_o it_o be_v infer_v by_o the_o xvi_o proposition_n that_o when_o the_o moon_n be_v in_o the_o meridian_n 16._o see_v proposition_n 16._o there_o ought_v to_o be_v the_o great_a intumescency_n and_o altitude_n of_o water_n and_o immediate_o a_o decrease_n to_o succeed_v but_o when_o the_o moon_n be_v in_o the_o low_a of_o the_o meridian_n than_o the_o narrow_a of_o the_o vortex_n of_o the_o earth_n opposite_a to_o it_o in_o the_o upper_a meridian_n and_o therefore_o do_v effect_v the_o same_o as_o if_o that_o the_o body_n of_o the_o moon_n be_v present_a but_o here_o arise_v a_o great_a difficulty_n for_o there_o be_v many_o place_n and_o coast_n of_o the_o earth_n in_o which_o we_o find_v that_o the_o term_n of_o the_o flux_n be_v not_o when_o that_o the_o moon_n come_v to_o the_o meridian_n as_o the_o philosopher_n hold_v before_o this_o age_n but_o soon_o or_o late_a viz._n when_o that_o the_o moon_n come_v to_o a_o certain_a quarter_n not_o cardinal_n and_o this_o quarter_n be_v not_o constant_o observe_v but_o in_o new_a and_o full_a moon_n for_o the_o most_o part_n the_o great_a intumescency_n be_v and_o the_o begin_n of_o a_o detumescency_n before_o the_o moon_n come_v to_o this_o quarter_n or_o vertical_a circle_n so_o at_o london_n the_o water_n be_v at_o the_o high_a when_o the_o moon_n come_v to_o the_o quarter_n which_o be_v between_o the_o south_n and_o west_n or_o north_n and_o east_n that_o be_v to_o the_o south_n west_n or_o north_n east_n quarter_n at_o the_o coast_n of_o china_n in_o the_o port_n of_o the_o city_n maccau_n portugal_n the_o great_a flux_n at_o the_o coast_n of_o china_n observe_v by_o a_o portugal_n a_o certain_a portugal_n mariner_n observe_v the_o time_n of_o the_o great_a intumescency_n by_o this_o mode_n the_o elevation_n of_o the_o pole_n be_v 22_o degree_n 20_o minute_n in_o the_o year_n 1584._o on_o the_o 19_o of_o september_n the_o moon_n be_v at_o full_a than_o the_o intumescency_n or_o altitude_n of_o the_o high_a water_n be_v observe_v in_o the_o morning_n at_o ½_n or_o ¼_n of_o a_o hour_n past_o 8._o therefore_o then_o the_o moon_n be_v remove_v from_o the_o meridian_n 3_o ¼_n hour_n whence_o the_o quarter_n or_o vertical_a circle_n in_o which_o the_o moon_n at_o that_o moment_n of_o time_n be_v be_v find_v according_a to_o the_o problem_n of_o the_o 30_o chapter_n anno_fw-la 1585._o on_o the_o 16_o of_o february_n in_o the_o full_a moon_n the_o great_a height_n of_o water_n be_v observe_v at_o half_a a_o hour_n past_o a_o eleven_o a_o clock_n at_o noon_n place_n certain_a observation_n take_v by_o a_o dutch_a mariner_n of_o the_o flux_n of_o the_o sea_n in_o many_o place_n a_o certain_a dutch_a mariner_n on_o the_o day_n of_o the_o new_a and_o full_a moon_n note_v the_o hour_n of_o divers_a place_n for_o the_o term_n or_o intumescency_n of_o the_o flux_n from_o which_o i_o have_v extract_v these_o at_o the_o twelve_o hour_n on_o the_o day_n of_o the_o new_a and_o full_a moon_n on_o the_o coast_n of_o flanders_n at_o enchusen_n in_o holland_n at_o horn_n at_o embden_n in_o east_n freezland_n at_o the_o mouth_n of_o the_o elve_n at_o eider_n at_o the_o isle_n of_o jutland_n and_o at_o dover_n at_o england_n at_o 45_o minute_n past_o 12_o at_o flushing_n in_o zealand_n half_o a_o hour_n after_o one_o a_o clock_n at_o the_o occidental_a coast_n of_o the_o isle_n of_o wight_n at_o calis_n at_o the_o mouth_n of_o the_o river_n of_o thames_n at_o the_o shore_n of_o zealand_n in_o the_o mouth_n of_o scald_v in_o mosa_n and_o at_o gore_v a_o quarter_n after_o two_o before_o the_o mouth_n of_o scald_v and_o the_o mouth_n of_o mosa_n at_o three_o a_o clock_n at_o amsterdam_n rotterdam_n dort_n in_o holland_n at_o newcastle_n in_o england_n at_o arment_n in_o flanders_n in_o the_o mouth_n of_o the_o river_n of_o bordeaux_n in_o the_o south_n coast_n of_o britain_n gallocia_n gascoyn_n biscay_n portugal_n and_o spain_n and_o on_o the_o western_a coast_n of_o ireland_n even_o to_o hitland_n a_o quarter_n after_o four_o in_o the_o evening_n at_o rouen_n in_o france_n between_o mosa_n and_o rochel_n in_o the_o river_n of_o bordeaux_n in_o the_o bay_n of_o the_o spanish_a portugal_n and_o gallecian_a coast_n in_o the_o south_n coast_n of_o britain_n in_o france_n gascoyn_n and_o on_o the_o western_a coast_n of_o ireland_n half_n a_o hour_n past_o four_o from_o the_o texel_n at_o the_o south_n coast_n of_o ireland_n a_o quarter_n past_o five_o in_o all_o the_o port_n of_o the_o southern_a coast_n of_o ireland_n at_o plymouth_n in_o england_n and_o other_o southern_a place_n of_o it_o even_o to_o the_o coast_n of_o wales_n at_o six_o in_o the_o evening_n and_o morning_n before_o hamburgh_n in_o the_o elbe_n before_o bremen_n the_o texel_n antwerp_n in_o the_o channel_n between_o england_n and_o brabant_n without_o sorlis_n a_o quarter_n before_o seven_o in_o the_o evening_n between_o fawick_n and_o vaelmuya_n in_o the_o channel_n even_o to_o bristol_n before_o st._n nicholas_n and_o podessembe_n even_o to_o waymouth_n and_o hartepole_n at_o half_a a_o hour_n past_o seven_o in_o the_o haven_n at_o the_o texel_n at_o kilduyna_n in_o the_o middle_n of_o the_o channel_n nigh_o plymouth_n and_o in_o the_o sea_n even_o to_o the_o promontory_n of_o the_o lizard_n a_o quarter_n past_o eight_o in_o the_o evening_n nigh_o the_o isle_n of_o wight_n in_o the_o channel_n even_o to_o bevesier_n without_o the_o fly_n on_o the_o coast_n of_o holland_n at_o nine_o before_o the_o mouth_n of_o the_o river_n ems_n in_o freezland_n before_o the_o fly_n before_o the_o coast_n of_o freezland_n at_o the_o eastern_a coast_n of_o the_o isle_n of_o wight_n at_o half_a a_o hour_n past_o ten_o before_o the_o mouth_n of_o the_o river_n thames_n on_o the_o coast_n of_o normandy_n and_o picardy_n and_o at_o a_o quarter_n
past_o eleven_o a_o clock_n in_o the_o river_n thames_n and_o other_o place_n of_o england_n difference_n a_o difficult_a task_n to_o explicate_v the_o cause_n of_o this_o difference_n now_o it_o be_v a_o most_o difficult_a task_n to_o explicate_v the_o cause_n of_o this_o so_o notable_a a_o difference_n and_o that_o in_o all_o place_n although_o it_o be_v incumbent_a on_o the_o philosopher_n or_o geographer_n yet_o it_o be_v probable_a that_o the_o various_a wind_n of_o the_o shore_n the_o situation_n of_o the_o coast_n in_o respect_n of_o the_o sea_n the_o obstacle_n of_o island_n the_o mutual_a meeting_n of_o the_o water_n the_o distance_n of_o the_o place_n from_o the_o lunary_n way_n various_a way_n especial_o those_o that_o be_v constant_a and_o general_a the_o decline_a of_o the_o shore_n and_o other_o thing_n do_v very_o much_o conduce_v to_o this_o propriety_n of_o the_o flux_n for_o example_n at_o the_o port_n of_o london_n in_o the_o coast_n of_o england_n the_o water_n increase_v until_o the_o moon_n come_v unto_o the_o quarter_n of_o the_o south-west_n viz._n when_o it_o decline_v from_o the_o ecliptic_a towards_o the_o south_n for_o then_o water_n begin_v to_o flow_v back_o again_o but_o not_o when_o the_o moon_n come_v to_o the_o meridian_n therefore_o we_o say_v that_o whilst_o the_o moon_n move_v to_o the_o meridian_n of_o london_n towards_o brazile_n or_o from_o brazile_n towards_o london_n the_o sea_n do_v not_o recede_v from_o london_n but_o be_v yet_o augment_v by_o reason_n that_o the_o coast_n of_o america_n unto_o which_o the_o ocean_n be_v move_v by_o the_o moon_n do_v repel_v that_o water_n towards_o england_n and_o this_o happen_v therefore_o because_o it_o afford_v not_o a_o passage_n for_o the_o water_n but_o why_o when_o the_o moon_n be_v decline_v from_o the_o ecliptic_a towards_o the_o north_n be_v the_o great_a altitude_n of_o the_o water_n and_o the_o begin_n of_o the_o decrease_v observe_v before_o the_o moon_n come_v to_o the_o meridian_n viz._n in_o the_o north-east_n i_o answer_v that_o this_o come_v to_o pass_v because_o that_o the_o moon_n be_v then_o far_o more_o near_o to_o england_n than_o when_o it_o decline_v from_o the_o ecliptic_a towards_o the_o south_n and_o therefore_o then_o it_o more_o swift_o fill_v but_o the_o cause_n why_o then_o the_o flux_n be_v no_o long_o protract_v even_o until_o the_o moon_n come_v to_o the_o meridian_n may_v be_v by_o reason_n that_o the_o moon_n force_v the_o sea_n more_o near_o the_o sea_n of_o mexico_n and_o hudsons_n strait_n where_o there_o be_v find_v a_o great_a intumescency_n and_o detumescency_n on_o the_o coast_n of_o china_n we_o therefore_o say_v that_o the_o intumescency_n do_v anticipate_v the_o appulse_n of_o the_o moon_n at_o the_o meridian_n by_o reason_n that_o a_o continnual_a east_n wind_n drive_v that_o sea_n towards_o the_o west_n but_o these_o allegation_n i_o leave_v to_o be_v far_o examine_v by_o the_o searcher_n of_o nature_n but_o for_o the_o find_v out_o of_o the_o true_a cause_n it_o be_v altogether_o necessary_a that_o we_o acquire_v accurate_a observation_n how_o the_o flux_n and_o reflux_n of_o the_o sea_n be_v make_v in_o divers_a place_n viz._n in_o what_o vertical_a the_o moon_n be_v in_o that_o flux_n how_o the_o quarter_n be_v vary_v in_o a_o divers_a place_n of_o the_o moon_n as_o in_o the_o full_a and_o new_a especial_o in_o those_o place_n where_o the_o moon_n become_v vertical_a also_o in_o those_o which_o direct_o respect_v the_o east_n west_n and_o north._n also_o that_o must_v be_v diligent_o observe_v how_o the_o flux_n be_v here_o make_v in_o those_o hour_n of_o the_o day_n whilst_o that_o the_o moon_n be_v in_o the_o north_n part_n of_o her_o circle_n have_v not_o the_o sea_n place_v vertical_o under_o she_o but_o land_n in_o a_o long_a tract_n viz._n from_o cambaja_n and_o china_n even_o to_o the_o occidental_a coast_n of_o africa_n for_o because_o then_o that_o it_o do_v not_o direct_o press_v the_o water_n it_o be_v depend_v over_o the_o mediterranean_a place_n i_o thence_o suppose_v that_o some_o variety_n must_v happen_v to_o this_o motion_n also_o what_o then_o it_o do_v whilst_o the_o moon_n rule_v in_o the_o south_n hemisphere_n pass_v over_o the_o mediterranean_a part_n of_o brazile_n or_o southern_a america_n without_o these_o observation_n we_o shall_v hardly_o arrive_v at_o the_o true_a cause_n neither_o shall_v we_o neglect_v this_o argument_n proposition_n xix_o the_o sea_n flow_v to_o most_o coast_n in_o six_o hour_n and_o twelve_o minute_n and_o reflow_v also_o in_o so_o many_o hour_n less_o the_o sea_n in_o few_o place_n flow_v in_o more_o hour_n and_o reflow_v in_o less_o in_o very_o few_o place_n it_o flow_v in_o more_o hour_n and_o reflow_v in_o less_o and_o on_o the_o contrary_a in_o very_a few_o place_n it_o flow_v in_o few_o hour_n and_o reflow_v in_o more_o yet_o so_o that_o the_o time_n of_o the_o flux_n and_o deflux_n viz._n between_o the_o two_o great_a intumescency_n together_o make_v twelve_o hour_n with_o 24_o ⅛_n minute_n and_o two_o such_o time_n make_v 24_o hour_n with_o about_o 50_o minute_n 48_o ¾_n and_o therefore_o on_o every_o day_n the_o great_a intumescency_n fall_v out_o late_a almost_o by_o a_o hour_n because_o that_o the_o moon_n almost_o a_o entire_a hour_n return_v more_o slow_o to_o the_o same_o meridian_n every_o day_n we_o have_v sufficient_o explain_v the_o first_o part_n of_o the_o proposition_n in_o the_o demonstration_n of_o the_o eleven_o proposition_n although_o in_o this_o demonstration_n we_o have_v take_v the_o altitude_n of_o the_o sea_n the_o moon_n possess_v the_o meridian_n but_o in_o this_o proposition_n by_o reason_n that_o in_o the_o proceed_n we_o have_v show_v that_o in_o many_o place_n that_o altitude_n do_v happen_v the_o moon_n be_v constitute_v without_o the_o meridian_n we_o do_v not_o reckon_v in_o they_o the_o hour_n from_o the_o time_n in_o which_o the_o moon_n possess_v the_o meridian_n but_o for_o that_o time_n in_o which_o the_o moon_n occupi_v that_o vertical_a place_n in_o the_o which_o when_o that_o the_o moon_n be_v it_o be_v manifest_a that_o the_o great_a intumescency_n be_v yet_o in_o these_o place_n the_o period_n of_o the_o increment_n ot_fw-mi decrement_n do_v not_o exact_o observe_v these_o twelve_o hour_n witih_o twenty_o four_o minute_n or_o twenty_o four_o hour_n with_o fifty_o minute_n because_o that_o the_o moon_n by_o reason_n of_o its_o various_a and_o mutable_a distance_n from_o the_o vertex_fw-la either_o in_o more_o or_o few_o hour_n return_v to_o the_o same_o vertical_a which_o difference_n notwithstanding_o be_v not_o great_a although_o therefore_o in_o all_o place_n the_o flux_n and_o reflux_n be_v complete_v almost_o in_o twelve_o hour_n and_o twenty_o four_o minute_n when_o that_o there_o be_v no_o tempest_n also_o in_o most_o this_o time_n be_v equal_o divide_v between_o the_o flux_n and_o reflux_n so_o that_o in_o six_o hour_n it_o flow_v and_o in_o so_o many_o reflow_v yet_o in_o some_o place_n the_o time_n of_o the_o flux_n be_v unequal_a to_o the_o time_n of_o the_o deflux_n viz._n more_o or_o less_o france_n the_o flux_n and_o reflux_n of_o the_o ocean_n at_o the_o river_n garumna_n in_o france_n the_o ocean_n enter_v garumna_n a_o river_n in_o france_n in_o seven_o hour_n and_o reslow_v in_o five_o so_o at_o the_o port_n of_o maccoa_n on_o the_o coast_n of_o china_n the_o flux_n be_v in_o nine_o hour_n and_o reflow_v in_o three_o yea_o in_o less_o if_o that_o the_o eastern_a wind_n blow_v on_o the_o contrary_a at_o the_o coast_n of_o zenega_n a_o river_n of_o aethiopia_n the_o sea_n flow_v in_o four_o hour_n and_o reflow_v in_o eight_o the_o cause_n of_o these_o difference_n be_v difficult_a some_o refer_v they_o to_o the_o swift_a and_o valid_a efflux_n of_o the_o river_n or_o also_o to_o a_o simple_a efflux_n for_o therefore_o the_o shoar_n of_o garumna_n discover_v the_o flux_n in_o seven_o hour_n because_o that_o its_o strong_a motion_n retard_v the_o flux_n but_o yet_o assi_v the_o deflux_n therefore_o the_o sea_n reflow_v in_o five_o hour_n other_o have_v add_v those_o hour_n to_o the_o flux_n by_o reason_n that_o the_o sea_n reflowing_a from_o the_o more_o northern_a place_n hinder_v least_o the_o sea_n shall_v hinder_v the_o egress_n from_o garumna_n but_o rather_o be_v more_o force_v on_o it_o but_o i_o suppose_v therefore_o to_o be_v by_o reason_n that_o garumna_n pour_v forth_o itself_o by_o a_o strong_a motion_n from_o its_o inlet_n or_o mouth_n into_o the_o ocean_n for_o some_o distance_n this_o efflux_n be_v prohibit_v on_o some_o part_n from_o the_o sea_n and_o so_o the_o water_n of_o garumna_n be_v at_o a_o stand_v also_o for_o some_o space_n before_o that_o the_o sea_n by_o reason_n of_o the_o moon_n enter_v its_o
for_o some_o month_n be_v less_o frequent_a or_o not_o at_o all_o for_o either_o they_o perish_v by_o shipwreck_n be_v carry_v or_o force_v on_o the_o rock_n that_o lay_v hide_v beyond_o all_o expectation_n or_o else_o the_o seaman_n perish_v by_o famine_n be_v detain_v in_o this_o gulf_n but_o yet_o this_o motion_n be_v not_o common_a to_o the_o whole_a aethiopic_a ocean_n but_o only_o to_o that_o part_n which_o adjoin_v to_o the_o coast_n of_o guinee_n even_o to_o that_o gulf_n or_o bay_n for_o in_o the_o sea_n it_o be_v not_o find_v to_o be_v above_o the_o distance_n of_o fourteen_o mile_n from_o the_o shore_n at_o the_o distance_n of_o one_o degree_n from_o the_o aequator_fw-la therefore_o mariner_n sail_v by_o those_o coast_n be_v very_o cautious_a not_o to_o approach_v over_o near_o unto_o they_o so_o that_o they_o may_v steer_v their_o course_n according_a to_o their_o mind_n and_o the_o situation_n of_o the_o appoint_a place_n now_o it_o be_v difficult_a to_o find_v out_o the_o cause_n of_o this_o literal_a motion_n especial_o see_v that_o the_o neighbour_a ocean_n be_v move_v by_o a_o contrary_a way_n from_o the_o east_n to_o the_o west_n yet_o two_o thing_n may_v be_v say_v 1._o that_o the_o ocean_n be_v repulse_v from_o the_o coast_n of_o america_n flow_v back_o somewhat_o towards_o the_o east_n and_o because_o that_o the_o aethiopic_a ocean_n be_v extend_v in_o a_o long_a tract_n to_o the_o gulf_n of_o fernando_n poo_n therefore_o it_o reflow_v into_o this_o which_o yet_o be_v only_o discover_v at_o the_o shore_n not_o in_o the_o deep_a ocean_n because_o in_o this_o the_o contrary_a motion_n render_v it_o insensible_a but_o towards_o the_o shore_n the_o sea_n be_v move_v more_o violent_o and_o therefore_o be_v chief_o discover_v in_o that_o bay_n of_o fernando_n poo_n because_o that_o the_o sea_n by_o reason_n of_o the_o river_n flow_v in_o with_o a_o great_a violence_n be_v repel_v from_o the_o shore_n of_o the_o rest_n of_o africa_n as_o of_o congo_n 2._o there_o may_v be_v a_o certain_a subterraneous_a channel_n in_o this_o gulf_n of_o fernando_n poo_n into_o which_o the_o sea_n may_v fall_v and_o attract_v the_o rest_n of_o the_o ocean_n with_o it_o proposition_n xxiv_o the_o second_o peculiar_a perpetual_a motion_n sea_n the_o second_o peculiar_a motion_n of_o the_o sea_n about_o sumatra_n the_o sea_n flow_v from_o the_o south_n towards_o the_o north_n into_o the_o gulf_n of_o bengala_n and_o that_o with_o a_o violent_a motion_n so_o that_o it_o be_v probable_a that_o by_o the_o violence_n of_o the_o sea_n this_o gulf_n be_v make_v and_o that_o the_o cherfonesus_fw-la of_o malacca_n be_v separate_v from_o india_n whether_o the_o cause_n be_v that_o the_o ocean_n which_o tend_v towards_o the_o west_n be_v force_v from_o so_o many_o island_n and_o the_o promontory_n of_o the_o land_n of_o magellan_n so_o that_o it_o shall_v be_v carry_v violent_o flow_v towards_o the_o north_n or_o whether_o a_o subterraneous_a channel_n be_v in_o that_o gulf_n be_v to_o be_v question_v yet_o i_o suppose_v it_o be_v not_o direct_o carry_v to_o the_o north_n but_o to_o a_o collateral_a quarter_n which_o decline_v towards_o the_o west_n yea_o this_o very_a same_o motion_n be_v find_v between_o java_n and_o the_o land_n of_o magellan_n therefore_o the_o dutch_a sail_v towards_o the_o indies_n direct_v their_o course_n to_o that_o procurrent_a part_n of_o the_o land_n of_o magellan_n or_o the_o south_n continent_n and_o then_o sail_v from_o the_o south_n towards_o the_o north_n viz._n to_o java_n proposition_n xxv_o sea_n the_o three_o special_a perpetual_a motion_n of_o the_o sea_n the_o three_o special_a perpetual_a motion_n be_v observe_v between_o the_o isle_n of_o madagascar_n and_o the_o promontory_n of_o good_a hope_n especial_o on_o the_o coast_n of_o africa_n between_o terra_fw-la de_fw-fr natal_n and_o this_o promontory_n of_o good_a hope_n this_o motion_n be_v find_v from_o the_o quarter_n of_o the_o north-east_n to_o the_o southeast_n and_o from_o the_o north_n to_o the_o south_n according_a to_o the_o extension_n of_o the_o coast_n so_o vehement_a that_o ship_n with_o a_o stiff_a gale_n can_v hardly_o overcome_v it_o and_o hold_v the_o contrary_a course_n to_o madagascar_n on_o the_o contrary_a those_o who_o sail_n from_o canali_fw-la into_o madagascar_n and_o africa_n towards_o the_o promontory_n of_o good_a hope_n without_o any_o help_n of_o the_o wind_n be_v carry_v unto_o it_o by_o the_o motion_n of_o the_o sea_n alone_o i_o suppose_v the_o cause_n to_o be_v the_o force_n of_o the_o ocean_n by_o a_o general_a motion_n to_o the_o coast_n of_o africa_n where_o it_o find_v a_o passage_n for_o this_o motion_n be_v not_o find_v in_o the_o middle_n of_o the_o ocean_n or_o that_o part_n remove_v from_o the_o shore_n between_o india_n and_o africa_n from_o a_o collateral_a quarter_n but_o the_o ocean_n be_v move_v from_o the_o east_n to_o the_o west_n proposition_n xxvi_o motion_n the_o four_o special_a perpetual_a motion_n the_o four_o special_a perpetual_a motion_n be_v in_o the_o pacifick_n ocean_n on_o the_o coast_n of_o peru_n and_o the_o rest_n of_o america_n where_o the_o sea_n be_v move_v from_o the_o south_n to_o the_o north_n questionless_a the_o cause_n be_v a_o perpetual_a south_n wind_n which_o be_v find_v to_o predominate_v on_o those_o coast_n as_o we_o have_v show_v in_o our_o chapter_n of_o wind_n in_o the_o sea_n remote_a from_o the_o coast_n this_o motion_n be_v not_o discover_v neither_o this_o wind_n proposition_n xxvii_o motion_n the_o five_o special_a perpetual_a motion_n the_o five_o special_a perpetual_a motion_n be_v observe_v in_o the_o sea_n on_o the_o coast_n of_o america_n from_o the_o promontory_n of_o st._n augustin_n in_o brazile_n to_o the_o isle_n antilles_n in_o the_o gulf_n of_o mexico_n towards_o florida_n that_o be_v from_o the_o south_n to_o the_o north._n peradventure_o the_o cause_n be_v that_o the_o ocean_n be_v carry_v by_o a_o general_a motion_n towards_o brazile_n be_v repel_v and_o by_o reason_n that_o a_o more_o free_a and_o broad_a passage_n be_v grant_v towards_o the_o north_n thither_o be_v carry_v the_o like_a motion_n be_v observe_v in_o the_o mouth_n of_o the_o straight_a of_o manilla_fw-la near_o the_o phillippin_n isle_n so_o in_o japan_n a_o most_o strong_a motion_n proceed_v forward_o from_o the_o port_n of_o xibuxia_n towards_o arima_fw-la proposition_n xxviii_o sea_n the_o six_o special_a perpetual_a motion_n of_o the_o sea_n the_o six_o special_a perpetual_a motion_n be_v in_o the_o straight_a le_fw-fr maire_n where_o the_o mariner_n of_o the_o prince_n of_o nassau_n find_v the_o sea_n to_o be_v carry_v from_o the_o west_n into_o the_o east_n but_o one_o observation_n suffice_v not_o especial_o see_v that_o le_fw-fr more_o write_v the_o contrary_a more_o special_a motion_n be_v find_v in_o the_o part_n of_o the_o ocean_n at_o or_o near_o the_o coast_n but_o as_o yet_o they_o be_v not_o accurate_o enough_o observe_v or_o describe_v proposition_n xxix_o unto_o the_o special_a perpetual_a motion_n of_o the_o part_n of_o the_o ocean_n also_o those_o do_v pertain_v which_o great_a river_n cause_n where_o they_o exonerate_v themselves_o into_o the_o sea_n so_o on_o the_o coast_n of_o africa_n loango_n congo_n for_o ten_o or_o twelve_o mile_n from_o the_o shore_n be_v a_o strong_a motion_n of_o the_o sea_n from_o the_o coast_n towards_o the_o west_n because_o many_o river_n among_o which_o be_v the_o great_a river_n zaire_n cast_v themselves_o with_o a_o violence_n into_o the_o sea_n sea_n the_o river_n zaire_n cast_v itself_o with_o a_o violent_a motion_n into_o the_o sea_n and_o so_o repel_v the_o sea_n which_o motion_n be_v help_v by_o the_o general_a motion_n therefore_o some_o day_n be_v require_v that_o ship_n may_v touch_v those_o ghost_n although_o they_o may_v be_v distant_a only_a one_o or_o two_o mile_n from_o they_o so_o at_o the_o isle_n lamon_n adjacent_a to_o the_o coast_n of_o china_n the_o sea_n be_v move_v from_o the_o shore_n towards_o the_o east_n contrary_a to_o the_o general_a motion_n which_o be_v from_o the_o east_n towards_o china_n this_o contrary_a motion_n be_v cause_v by_o the_o impetuous_a flux_n of_o the_o great_a river_n thoucoan_n in_o china_n but_o in_o the_o sea_n more_o remote_a from_o china_n this_o motion_n be_v obstruct_v by_o the_o general_a motion_n neither_o be_v it_o discover_v beyond_o the_o isle_n of_o branco_n hitherto_o concern_v the_o special_a perpetual_a motion_n a_o little_a must_v be_v subjoin_v concern_v the_o special_a fix_v and_o anniversary_n motion_n proposition_n xxx_o great_a be_v the_o variety_n of_o the_o special_a cease_n or_o periodical_a motion_n and_o those_o periodical_a fix_v and_o anniversary_n motion_n do_v all_o almost_o arise_v from_o anniversary_n and_o state_v wind_n and_o state_v or_o fix_v wind_n of_o one_o
place_n may_v make_v the_o motion_n of_o the_o sea_n fix_v in_o another_o place_n time_n the_o flux_n of_o the_o sea_n in_o divers_a place_n at_o certain_a time_n so_o between_o the_o isle_n celebe_n and_o madera_n when_o that_o the_o motion_n be_v west_n viz._n in_o december_n january_n and_o february_n the_o sea_n flow_v to_o the_o south_n east_n or_o a_o more_o near_o collateral_a wind_n than_o the_o east_n so_o at_o java_n in_o the_o straight_a gallappa_n when_o the_o motion_n be_v west_n viz._n in_o may_n the_o sea_n flow_v towards_o the_o east_n contrary_a to_o his_o general_a motion_n at_o the_o isle_n of_o ceilan_n from_o the_o middle_n of_o march_n to_o october_n the_o sea_n flow_v towards_o the_o south_n on_o the_o rest_n of_o the_o month_n towards_o the_o north_n viz._n because_o that_o in_o those_o month_n the_o north_n wind_n be_v frequent_a in_o other_o the_o south_n wind_n between_o cochin_n and_o mallacca_n the_o sea_n flow_v with_o a_o western_o motion_n from_o april_n to_o august_n contrary_a to_o the_o general_a motion_n towards_o the_o east_n then_o the_o rest_n of_o the_o time_n towards_o the_o west_n the_o wind_n assist_v the_o general_a motion_n the_o sea_n flow_v here_o with_o so_o great_a a_o noise_n that_o those_o who_o know_v not_o the_o same_o suppose_v rock_n to_o be_v there_o against_o which_o the_o water_n beat_v so_o for_o some_o month_n after_o the_o 15_o of_o february_n the_o sea_n be_v move_v from_o the_o maldivian_n isle_n towards_o the_o east_n and_o india_n contrary_a to_o the_o general_a motion_n at_o the_o coast_n of_o china_n and_o camboja_n in_o october_n november_n and_o december_n the_o sea_n be_v move_v towards_o the_o north-west_n but_o in_o january_n towards_o the_o south-west_n with_o a_o very_a swift_a course_n to_o the_o sand_n de_fw-fr champa_n so_o that_o they_o seem_v to_o exceed_v the_o celerity_n of_o a_o stone_n that_o be_v slinge_v at_o pulo_n cato_n even_o unto_o varella_n on_o the_o coast_n of_o camboja_n when_o motion_n or_o wind_n do_v not_o blow_v the_o swift_a motion_n of_o the_o sea_n be_v towards_o the_o south_n but_o the_o motion_n or_o wind_n move_v towards_o another_o quarter_n on_o the_o coast_n of_o the_o gulf_n of_o bengala_n from_o patana_n to_o the_o promontory_n of_o malacca_n in_o november_n and_o december_n a_o swift_a course_n of_o the_o sea_n be_v observe_v towards_o the_o south_n in_o a_o motion_n or_o wind_n from_o china_n to_o malacca_n in_o june_n july_n and_o august_n there_o be_v a_o vehement_a motion_n of_o the_o sea_n from_o pulo_n cato_n to_o pulo_n cambir_n on_o the_o coast_n of_o camboja_n many_o more_o example_n but_o less_o accurate_o consign_v be_v to_o be_v read_v in_o the_o journal_o of_o the_o mariner_n at_o the_o coast_n of_o aguada_n de_fw-it san_fw-it bras_fw-fr not_o far_o from_o the_o promontory_n of_o good_a hope_n this_o be_v peculiar_o observe_v that_o the_o sea_n be_v always_o move_v from_o the_o east_n to_o the_o west_n towards_o the_o land_n so_o much_o the_o more_o vehement_o by_o how_o much_o the_o occidental_a wind_n opposite_a unto_o it_o be_v more_o violent_a questionless_a some_o adjacent_a coast_n high_o than_o it_o be_v the_o cause_n of_o it_o proposition_n xxxi_o threefold_a the_o circular_a motion_n of_o the_o sea_n be_v threefold_a the_o cirçular_a motion_n of_o the_o sea_n term_v whirlpool_n and_o vortices_fw-la be_v threefold_a for_o some_o only_o move_v the_o water_n in_o a_o round_a othersome_a suck_n in_o the_o water_n and_o in_o certain_a hour_n let_v it_o forth_o again_o and_o other_o suck_v it_o in_o but_o cast_v it_o not_o forth_o although_o without_o doubt_n there_o be_v a_o four_o sort_n in_o the_o channel_n of_o the_o sea_n which_o cast_v out_o and_o suck_v not_o in_o the_o water_n yet_o i_o do_v not_o remember_v that_o i_o have_v read_v in_o any_o author_n such_o a_o vortex_n to_o be_v find_v in_o the_o sea_n but_o many_o be_v find_v on_o the_o land_n the_o chalcidican_n euripus_n or_o vortex_n be_v famous_a in_o greece_n especial_o by_o reason_n of_o the_o fable_n concern_v the_o death_n of_o aristotle_n it_o receive_v water_n at_o certain_a hour_n and_o cast_v they_o out_o in_o other_o the_o vortex_n at_o norway_n be_v the_o most_o note_a and_o great_a of_o all_o for_o it_o be_v relate_v to_o be_v 13_o mile_n in_o circuit_n in_o the_o middle_n of_o it_o be_v a_o rock_n call_v mouske_n this_o vorago_fw-la in_o six_o hour_n suck_v in_o all_o that_o approach_v near_o it_o as_o water_n whale_n lade_v ship_n and_o in_o so_o many_o hour_n vomit_v they_o all_o out_o again_o with_o a_o great_a violence_n noise_n and_o circumgyration_n of_o water_n the_o cause_n be_v unknown_a between_o normandy_n and_o england_n be_v a_o vorago_fw-la or_o whirlpool_n unto_o which_o ship_n be_v carry_v with_o a_o great_a swiftness_n and_o be_v near_o the_o whirlpool_n be_v repel_v back_o again_o proposition_n xxxii_o the_o motion_n of_o the_o sea_n which_o we_o call_v a_o concussion_n or_o tremble_v come_v from_o a_o spiration_n or_o wind_n which_o move_v the_o earth_n or_o water_n itself_o and_o cause_v it_o to_o rise_v cause_n of_o the_o concâ—ssion_n of_o the_o sea_n and_o its_o cause_n on_o the_o coast_n of_o biscay_n be_v a_o place_n which_o the_o inhabitant_n call_v capbreton_n there_o sometime_o the_o sea_n swell_v without_o any_o wind_n so_o that_o it_o seem_v to_o overflow_v the_o shore_n itself_o and_o on_o a_o sudden_a fall_v low_a the_o like_a intumescency_n be_v find_v in_o a_o lake_n of_o scotland_n call_v loumond_n move_v by_o a_o subterranean_a wind_n the_o portugal_n in_o anno_fw-la 1523_o in_o the_o sea_n of_o cambaja_n discover_v a_o tremble_a of_o the_o water_n for_o in_o a_o great_a calm_n as_o maffeus_n write_v all_o wind_n be_v still_o the_o sea_n on_o a_o sudden_a swell_v from_o the_o bottom_n thence_o the_o ship_n begin_v to_o roll_n and_o to_o fall_v foul_a of_o one_o another_o to_o their_o great_a astonishment_n now_o in_o this_o great_a confusion_n and_o disturbance_n some_o cast_v the_o lead_n some_o pump_v other_o more_o wise_a bethink_v themselves_o of_o escape_v and_o get_v barrel_n on_o which_o they_o may_v swim_v but_o on_o a_o instant_a it_o be_v find_v to_o be_v a_o earthquake_n which_o thus_o also_o disturb_v the_o ship_n on_o the_o sea_n as_o well_o as_o the_o land_n proposition_n xxxiii_o why_o the_o pacifick_n ocean_n be_v more_o calm_a and_o without_o great_a flood_n or_o wave_n and_o why_o it_o be_v easy_o move_v or_o rough_a with_o a_o wind_n the_o cause_n without_o doubt_n be_v because_o its_o motion_n towards_o the_o west_n be_v not_o hinder_v by_o the_o intercourse_n of_o shore_n as_o the_o atlantic_a ocean_n be_v chap._n xv._o of_o lake_n pool_n or_o stand_v water_n and_o marsh_n proposition_n i._o definition_n lake_n of_o lake_n a_o lake_n be_v a_o quantity_n of_o water_n in_o any_o cavity_n of_o a_o mediterranean_a place_n of_o a_o notable_a amplitude_n and_o tract_n on_o all_o side_n encompass_v with_o the_o land_n and_o at_o the_o least_o have_v a_o moderate_a profundity_n but_o more_o proper_o that_o be_v term_v a_o lake_n which_o receive_v in_o and_o let_v forth_o river_n a_o pool_n be_v a_o small_a lake_n pool_n pool_n which_o do_v never_o receive_v or_o send_v forth_o river_n a_o marish_a be_v water_n in_o a_o mediterranean_a place_n marsh_n marsh_n here_o and_o there_o have_v the_o land_n extant_a and_o about_o it_o or_o mix_v with_o the_o earth_n proposition_n ii_o fourfold_a lake_n be_v fourfold_a lake_n be_v fourfold_a 1._o some_z neither_o send_v forth_o or_o receive_v river_n and_o such_o lake_n if_o small_a be_v term_v pool_n but_o if_o large_a they_o be_v call_v lake_n 2._o some_o send_v forth_o river_n but_o receive_v none_o 3._o other_o receive_v river_n and_o send_v forth_o none_o and_o 4._o some_o both_o receive_v and_o send_v forth_o river_n and_o some_o of_o those_o send_v forth_o great_a than_o they_o receive_v some_o equal_a and_o some_o lesser_a also_o some_o send_v forth_o a_o river_n almost_o in_o the_o same_o line_n with_o that_o which_o they_o receive_v other_o in_o another_o line_n or_o to_o another_o quarter_n also_o some_o receive_v more_o than_o they_o send_v forth_o some_o more_o few_o and_o some_o equal_a proposition_n iii_o to_o declare_v the_o generation_n and_o conservation_n of_o those_o lake_n which_o neither_o send_v forth_o nor_o receive_v river_n those_o lake_n be_v either_o great_a moderate_a or_o small_a some_o of_o the_o moderate_a and_o small_a perpetual_o remain_v so_o in_o the_o summer_n and_o when_o it_o have_v not_o rain_v for_o a_o long_a space_n be_v dry_v up_o and_o both_o these_o be_v term_v pool_n now_o it_o be_v easy_a to_o declare_v the_o generation_n of_o those_o that_o be_v dry_v up_o viz._n the_o plenty_n of_o
rain_n and_o cavity_n and_o depression_n of_o the_o place_n in_o which_o such_o stand_a pool_n be_v for_o if_o that_o any_o place_n be_v situate_v in_o the_o midst_n of_o elevate_a place_n all_o the_o rain-water_n rune_v unto_o it_o and_o so_o cause_v a_o pool_n pool_n in_o india_n be_v many_o pool_n so_o in_o india_n there_o be_v many_o pool_n or_o standing-water_n make_v by_o the_o industry_n of_o the_o inhabitant_n whereof_o some_o be_v in_o compass_n a_o mile_n and_o some_o two_o encompass_v with_o a_o stone-wall_n which_o be_v fill_v in_o the_o pluvial_a month_n that_o in_o the_o summer_n month_n they_o may_v furnish_v those_o with_o water_n who_o live_v far_o from_o river_n or_o fountain_n after_o the_o like_a mode_n small_a lake_n and_o pool_n be_v make_v by_o the_o exundation_n of_o the_o sea_n and_o rivers_n so_o the_o river_n nilus_n and_o niger_n exundate_v when_o that_o they_o have_v reflow_v leave_v many_o pool_n behind_o they_o which_o either_o the_o native_n fortify_v or_o make_v that_o thence_o they_o may_v draw_v water_n on_o the_o other_o month_n of_o the_o year_n for_o the_o same_o reason_n in_o moscovia_n finland_n lapland_n in_o the_o spring_n summer_n and_o autumn_n be_v many_o lake_n partly_o by_o reason_n of_o the_o shore_n and_o partly_o because_o of_o the_o dissolve_v of_o the_o snow_n and_o ice_n but_o although_o some_o lake_n be_v dry_v up_o in_o the_o summer_n and_o after_o a_o long_a cessation_n of_o rains_n we_o may_v not_o thence_o firm_o conclude_v that_o they_o have_v all_o their_o water_n from_o those_o rain_n for_o they_o may_v be_v dry_v up_o as_o for_o other_o lake_n without_o river_n that_o be_v not_o dry_v up_o their_o generation_n may_v be_v also_o refer_v to_o the_o rain_n viz._n if_o that_o they_o have_v a_o profound_a channel_n in_o which_o so_o great_a a_o quantity_n of_o water_n collect_v from_o rains_n may_v be_v keep_v as_o that_o the_o heat_n of_o the_o sun_n be_v not_o of_o force_n enough_o to_o consume_v it_o all_o before_o that_o another_o rain_n fall_v but_o it_o be_v more_o probable_a that_o these_o lake_n have_v peculiar_a rivulet_n in_o the_o bottom_n from_o which_o they_o receive_v so_o much_o water_n as_o be_v consume_v by_o the_o exhalation_n and_o this_o cause_n alone_o take_v place_n in_o those_o pool_n that_o be_v find_v on_o the_o top_n of_o mountain_n as_o in_o the_o mountain_n bructerus_n in_o cenisius_n and_o other_o now_o it_o be_v probable_a that_o some_o of_o these_o also_o be_v generate_v long_o since_o by_o a_o great_a inundation_n of_o water_n and_o thence_o conserve_v by_o river_n nay_o without_o question_n some_o of_o these_o lake_n that_o be_v near_o the_o sea_n and_o also_o salt_n have_v their_o be_v from_o some_o inundation_n of_o the_o sea_n through_o some_o passage_n as_o the_o lake_n harlem_n and_o other_o in_o holland_n there_o be_v also_o many_o salt_n lake_n in_o peru._n large_a not_o many_o lake_n without_o river_n and_o those_o not_o large_a neither_o be_v there_o any_o great_a number_n of_o these_o lake_n without_o river_n some_o small_a one_o be_v find_v in_o moscovia_n and_o finland_n the_o lake_n or_o pool_n lychnitis_n in_o macedonia_n the_o lake_n appollonia_n in_o mysia_n one_o in_o carniola_n call_v zrinzee_n a_o round_a one_o in_o china_n another_o call_v hilam_n in_o cochinchina_n one_o in_o zanhaga_n one_o at_o the_o city_n of_o mexico_n twelve_o league_n in_o length_n all_o these_o be_v small_a except_o that_o in_o china_n in_o comparison_n of_o great_a one_o lake_n the_o lake_n parima_fw-la the_o great_a lake_n there_o be_v only_o one_o great_a lake_n of_o this_o kind_n in_o the_o whole_a earth_n and_o which_o exceed_v all_o other_o to_o wit_n that_o of_o parima_fw-la in_o america_n which_o be_v about_o 300_o mile_n in_o length_n from_o east_n to_o west_n and_o about_o a_o hundred_o in_o breadth_n where_o broad_a yet_o nevertheless_o it_o do_v not_o receive_v nor_o send_v forth_o any_o river_n how_o it_o have_v its_o original_n be_v no_o mean_a doubt_n whether_o long_o since_o cause_v by_o the_o inundation_n of_o the_o ocean_n or_o flow_v from_o some_o subterranean_a fountain_n or_o spring_n also_o whether_o it_o be_v conserve_v by_o rain_n or_o from_o the_o same_o spring_n it_o seem_v to_o i_o probable_a that_o it_o have_v spring_n at_o the_o bottom_n that_o supply_n as_o much_o as_o the_o heat_n of_o the_o sun_n consume_v proposition_n iv_o to_o declare_v the_o generation_n and_o conservation_n of_o those_o lake_n that_o neither_o receive_v nor_o send_v forth_o any_o river_n river_n of_o the_o generation_n and_o conservation_n of_o lake_n that_o neither_o receive_v nor_o send_v forth_o river_n there_o be_v a_o infinite_a namber_n of_o these_o lake_n see_v that_o most_o river_n flow_v from_o lake_n as_o from_o fountain_n or_o spring_n especial_o those_o that_o arise_v in_o moscovia_n finland_n and_o lapland_n viz._n where_o there_o be_v any_o cavity_n in_o the_o place_n of_o a_o spring_n but_o not_o so_o large_a as_o to_o contain_v a_o quantity_n of_o run_v water_n than_o it_o become_v a_o lake_n thence_o proceed_v a_o river_n the_o water_n glide_v to_o the_o adjacent_a place_n neither_o may_v we_o doubt_v but_o that_o these_o lake_n have_v their_o generation_n and_o conservation_n from_o spring_n in_o the_o bottom_n whether_o it_o be_v a_o true_a spring_n or_o a_o apparent_a spring_n viz._n water_n flow_v from_o another_o place_n thither_o through_o a_o subterraneous_a passage_n which_o last_o appear_v more_o probable_a in_o reference_n to_o certain_a lake_n which_o immediate_o send_v forth_o great_a river_n of_o such_o small_a lake_n there_o be_v a_o great_a multitude_n as_o i_o have_v say_v as_o volga_n from_o whence_o be_v the_o first_o original_n of_o the_o river_n volga_n odoium_n from_o whence_o flow_v tanais_n adac_n the_o original_n of_o one_o of_o the_o branch_n of_o the_o river_n tigris_n osera_n in_o moscovia_n the_o spring_n of_o the_o river_n sosnam_n which_o be_v discharge_v into_o volga_n and_o many_o other_o small_a one_o we_o only_o reckon_v up_o the_o great_a of_o most_o note_n 1._o the_o famous_a lake_n chiamy_n not_o far_o from_o india_n in_o the_o latitude_n of_o 31_o degree_n from_o which_o run_v four_o river_n of_o note_n magnitude_n and_o inundation_n into_o the_o kingdom_n of_o sian_n pegu_n and_o the_o like_a viz._n the_o river_n menam_fw-la axa_fw-la cosmum_fw-la and_o martavam_fw-la but_o some_o map_n have_v a_o very_a small_a river_n which_o rune_v into_o this_o lake_n 2._o the_o lake_n cincuyhay_n in_o china_n which_o send_v forth_o a_o great_a river_n towards_o the_o north_n which_o join_v with_o another_o enter_v china_n 3._o the_o lake_n titicaca_fw-la in_o america_n meridionalis_fw-la of_o 80_o mile_n compass_n it_o send_v forth_o a_o great_a river_n which_o terminate_v in_o a_o small_a lake_n neither_o be_v it_o see_v any_o far_a and_o about_o this_o lake_n be_v many_o city_n and_o to_n 4._o in_o nicaragua_n in_o america_n be_v a_o lake_n so_o call_v about_o four_o mile_n from_o the_o pacifick_n ocean_n and_o 100_o mile_n from_o the_o atlantic_a into_o which_o it_o rune_v in_o a_o great_a channel_n 5._o the_o lake_n iroquois_n in_o canada_n the_o original_n of_o the_o river_n of_o st._n laurence_n 6._o the_o lake_n annibi_n in_o asia_n under_o the_o latitude_n of_o 61_o degree_n proposition_n v._o to_o declare_v the_o generation_n and_o conservation_n of_o those_o lake_n that_o receive_v river_n and_o let_v out_o none_o none_o of_o lake_n that_o receive_v river_n and_o let_v our_o none_o now_o it_o be_v manifest_a that_o these_o lake_n be_v generate_v and_o conserve_v from_o those_o river_n which_o they_o receive_v and_o that_o flow_v into_o they_o for_o when_o that_o river_n have_v go_v from_o their_o spring_n and_o arrive_v in_o their_o passage_n at_o any_o note_a and_o ample_a cavity_n the_o water_n be_v collect_v in_o this_o and_o make_v a_o lake_n now_o if_o the_o earth_n at_o the_o bottom_n prove_v porous_a it_o suck_v in_o the_o water_n and_o transmit_v it_o the_o to_o adjacent_a earth_n or_o that_o which_o i_o suppose_v to_o be_v more_o frequent_a if_o there_o be_v a_o subterraneous_a passage_n or_o that_o such_o a_o one_o be_v cause_v by_o the_o water_n through_o this_o part_n of_o the_o flow_a water_n be_v carry_v away_o so_o that_o on_o that_o account_n the_o lake_n do_v not_o flow_v over_o of_o these_o kind_n of_o lake_n there_o be_v but_o a_o small_a number_n on_o the_o earth_n 1._o in_o the_o precede_a proposition_n we_o have_v say_v that_o the_o lake_n nicaragua_n send_v forth_o a_o river_n which_o end_v in_o a_o small_a lake_n this_o lake_n therefore_o shall_v be_v one_o of_o this_o number_n 2._o the_o lake_n asphaltites_n in_o palestine_n term_v also_o the_o dead-sea_n receive_v the_o river_n jordan_n but_o send_v
term_v arm_n which_o proceed_v from_o a_o river_n divaricate_v into_o two_o channel_n 7._o a_o fountain_n or_o spring_n be_v water_n bubble_v and_o flow_v forward_o from_o a_o certain_a place_n of_o the_o earth_n 8._o a_o well_o be_v when_o the_o water_n bubble_v up_o but_o flow_v not_o forward_o proposition_n ii_o torrent_n and_o rivulet_n may_v sometime_o proceed_v from_o a_o quantity_n of_o rain_n and_o dissolve_v snow_n proceed_v from_o whence_o torrent_n and_o rivulet_n do_v proceed_v for_o in_o the_o mountainous_a or_o more_o elevate_a part_n of_o the_o earth_n be_v find_v many_o cavity_n small_a lake_n and_o stand_v pool_n now_o if_o that_o so_o great_a a_o quantity_n of_o water_n flow_v into_o these_o from_o the_o fall_v of_o rain_n or_o snow_n that_o they_o can_v well_o contain_v they_o they_o overflow_v and_o run_v down_o on_o the_o more_o depress_a place_n and_o because_o that_o on_o every_o year_n this_o happen_v it_o make_v a_o channel_n for_o itself_o but_o sometime_o torrent_n do_v flow_v without_o any_o channel_n from_o this_o cause_n viz._n rains_n and_o the_o dissolution_n of_o snow_n many_o rivulet_n be_v make_v also_o torrent_n and_o moderate_a or_o indifferent_a river_n in_o those_o place_n which_o have_v ridge_n of_o mountain_n in_o a_o long_a tract_n as_o the_o procurrent_a of_o africa_n india_n peru_n sumatra_n and_o the_o like_a and_o these_o rivulet_n flow_v neither_o in_o the_o summer_n nor_o in_o the_o night_n but_o only_o in_o the_o day_n proposition_n iii_o most_n rivulet_n proceed_v from_o fountain_n but_o river_n of_o a_o great_a magnitude_n have_v their_o original_a either_o from_o the_o congress_n of_o many_o rivulet_n and_o indifferent_a river_n or_o flow_v from_o lake_n and_o marsh_n for_o no_o river_n of_o any_o considerable_a magnitude_n as_o the_o albis_n the_o rhine_n do_v flow_v from_o one_o fountain_n but_o exist_v from_o many_o small_a spring_n or_o lake_n fountain_n rivulet_n proceed_v from_o fountain_n but_o these_o proceed_n from_o lake_n be_v augment_v by_o the_o accession_n of_o other_o river_n the_o river_n volga_n or_o rha_n receive_v two_o hundred_o and_o more_o partly_o rivulet_n and_o partly_o indifferent_a river_n before_o that_o it_o discharge_v itself_o into_o the_o caspian_a sea_n and_o the_o danube_n as_o many_o before_o she_o flow_v into_o the_o pontus_n and_o although_o that_o pliny_n and_o cardan_n write_v that_o no_o river_n flow_v into_o the_o nile_n yet_o experience_n testify_v the_o contrary_a to_o they_o that_o have_v travel_v in_o abyssine_n the_o proposition_n be_v easy_o prove_v by_o a_o enumeration_n of_o example_n mountain_n spring_n proceed_v common_o from_o hill_n &_o mountain_n the_o spring_n of_o some_o rivulet_n and_o river_n be_v in_o mountain_n and_o elevate_v place_n and_o some_o on_o a_o plane_n as_o for_o the_o spring_n of_o those_o river_n that_o proceed_v from_o lake_n we_o have_v say_v in_o the_o former_a chapter_n that_o those_o spring_n be_v in_o the_o bottom_n or_o channel_n of_o the_o lake_n and_o that_o such_o lake_n be_v as_o it_o be_v conduit_n and_o effusion_n about_o the_o spring_n before_o that_o the_o water_n flow_v in_o a_o channel_n or_o in_o a_o great_a quantity_n for_o some_o spring_n be_v cover_v with_o earth_n or_o water_n other_o open_z the_o spring_n on_o a_o plane_n be_v of_o those_o river_n from_o which_o tanais_n and_o albis_n exist_v in_o their_o first_o tract_n unto_o which_o other_o do_v accede_v it_o be_v easy_a to_o collect_v other_o example_n cardanus_n deny_v â—â—h_v these_o fountain_n to_o be_v generate_v in_o these_o plane_n place_n but_o to_o be_v derive_v from_o the_o vicine_fw-la mountain_n by_o some_o subterraneous_a passage_n but_o i_o suppose_v that_o such_o spring_n first_o make_v a_o stand_a pool_n or_o marsh_n for_o tanais_n seem_v not_o to_o flow_v from_o a_o spring_n but_o from_o a_o marsh_n or_o some_o less_o profound_a lake_n many_o be_v the_o mountainous_a spring_n of_o rivulet_n as_o of_o those_o of_o the_o rhine_n po_n danube_n borysthenes_n etc._n etc._n the_o nile_n wolga_n and_o the_o great_a river_n of_o st._n laurence_n in_o canada_n flow_v from_o a_o lake_n yet_o there_o be_v one_o mode_n by_o which_o from_o one_o fountain_n a_o great_a river_n may_v proceed_v viz._n if_o that_o the_o fountain_n be_v on_o a_o elevate_v place_n but_o the_o channel_n of_o the_o river_n must_v be_v a_o little_a high_o than_o the_o altitude_n of_o the_o inlet_n so_o the_o flow_a water_n first_o in_o a_o more_o swift_a current_n then_o in_o a_o more_o slow_a be_v collect_v in_o the_o channel_n and_o in_o course_n of_o time_n may_v be_v a_o very_a great_a river_n by_o reason_n that_o so_o much_o do_v not_o flow_v out_o in_o the_o first_o generation_n proposition_n iu_o river_n be_v very_o much_o augment_v by_o frequent_a rain_n and_o dissolve_v snow_n and_o that_o in_o divers_a season_n and_o month_n of_o the_o year_n snow_n river_n be_v much_o increase_v by_o rain_n and_o snow_n so_o in_o the_o region_n of_o peru_n and_o chili_n some_o river_n be_v so_o small_a that_o they_o flow_v not_o in_o the_o night_n time_n but_o only_o in_o the_o day_n because_o that_o then_o the_o water_n flow_v from_o snow_n dissolve_v on_o the_o mountainâ—_n of_o the_o andes_n through_o the_o heat_n of_o the_o sun_n so_o the_o river_n both_o in_o the_o oriental_a and_o occidental_a coast_n of_o the_o procurrent_a of_o africa_n as_o in_o congo_z angola_n and_o the_o like_a be_v big_a in_o the_o day_n than_o in_o the_o night_n so_o it_o be_v also_o in_o the_o shore_n of_o malabar_n and_o chormandel_n in_o india_n yea_o in_o those_o four_o region_n in_o summer_n time_n the_o river_n be_v almost_o dry_v up_o and_o in_o the_o winter_n or_o wet_a season_n be_v overflow_a so_o wolga_n in_o the_o month_n of_o may_n and_o june_n abound_v with_o water_n so_o that_o the_o land_n and_o island_n be_v then_o cover_v with_o water_n in_o the_o other_o month_n the_o sand_n will_v hardly_o admit_v a_o passage_n over_o they_o for_o ship_n that_o be_v lade_v the_o reason_n be_v because_o that_o then_o the_o snow_n be_v dissolve_v on_o the_o mountain_n whence_o those_o rivulet_n proceed_v which_o be_v more_o than_o one_o hundred_o do_v exonerate_v themselves_o into_o the_o volga_n so_o the_o nile_n ganges_n indus_n etc._n etc._n be_v augment_v from_o rain_n or_o snow_n so_o that_o they_o overflow_v the_o land_n but_o these_o augment_v happen_v in_o a_o different_a season_n because_o that_o they_o arise_v from_o divers_a cause_n and_o divers_a place_n for_o by_o reason_n that_o rain_v be_v more_o frequent_a in_o the_o winter_n therefore_o river_n be_v more_o high_a at_o the_o season_n except_o another_o cause_n intervene_v from_o the_o dissolution_n of_o snow_n which_o sometime_o happen_v in_o some_o place_n and_o mountain_n in_o the_o spring_n in_o other_o in_o the_o summer_n and_o in_o other_o in_o the_o intermedial_a time_n by_o reason_n that_o the_o snow_n be_v then_o dissolve_v on_o the_o mountain_n that_o be_v adjacent_a to_o the_o rivulet_n of_o these_o river_n moreover_o some_o river_n especial_o the_o great_a proceed_v from_o remote_a place_n where_o it_o be_v then_o summer_n when_o it_o be_v winter_n in_o the_o place_n through_o which_o they_o flow_v and_o those_o variation_n cause_v the_o swell_a of_o river_n in_o divers_a season_n but_o most_o river_n do_v so_o in_o the_o spring_n because_o that_o then_o snow_n be_v dissolve_v in_o most_o place_n the_o variety_n of_o these_o cause_n must_v be_v show_v in_o the_o particular_a description_n of_o every_o river_n concern_v that_o peculiar_a spring_n of_o japan_n which_o flow_v every_o day_n only_o for_o two_o hour_n we_o shall_v speak_v in_o the_o follow_a chapter_n proposition_n v._o what_o may_v be_v the_o original_a of_o that_o water_n which_o flow_v from_o spring_n or_o whence_o be_v river_n generate_v spring_n the_o cause_n of_o water_n flow_v from_o spring_n we_o have_v before_o our_o eye_n the_o great_a river_n rhine_n albis_n and_o other_o the_o generation_n of_o which_o by_o reason_n of_o their_o abundance_n of_o water_n seem_v more_o admirable_a than_o that_o of_o rivulet_n but_o we_o have_v show_v in_o the_o precedent_n and_o three_o proposition_n that_o the_o water_n of_o river_n partly_o proceed_v from_o 〈…〉_o and_o the_o dissolution_n of_o snow_n partly_o from_o lake_n and_o partly_o from_o the_o meeting_n of_o rivulet_n and_o river_n therefore_o the_o question_n be_v not_o so_o much_o concern_v the_o rise_n and_o spring_n of_o river_n as_o the_o original_a and_o perpetuity_n of_o fountain_n and_o spring_n various_a the_o opinion_n of_o philosopher_n and_o geographer_n be_v various_a the_o opinion_n of_o philosopher_n and_o geographer_n concern_v it_o be_v various_a 1._o some_o think_v that_o all_o the_o water_n of_o spring_n of_o river_n proceed_v from_o rain_n or_o
of_o which_o it_o be_v probable_a that_o the_o mutation_n of_o the_o height_n of_o the_o sea_n avail_v much_o sometime_o in_o this_o and_o sometime_o in_o that_o part_n by_o reason_n of_o the_o flood_n wave_n or_o tempest_n for_o the_o water_n be_v make_v high_o more_o press_v the_o water_n and_o promote_v its_o ingress_n through_o the_o earth_n to_o the_o spring_n and_o see_v that_o every_o day_n the_o altitude_n of_o the_o sea_n be_v augment_v and_o diminish_v in_o the_o part_n of_o the_o ocean_n not_o only_o by_o storm_n but_o also_o by_o the_o flux_n and_o reflux_n therefore_o such_o a_o pressure_n happen_v every_o day_n but_o i_o question_v whether_o this_o cause_n can_v effect_v much_o answer_v the_o three_o argument_n answer_v unto_o the_o three_o argument_n i_o say_v that_o the_o reason_n be_v the_o disposition_n of_o the_o place_n and_o of_o the_o earth_n itself_o and_o as_o i_o say_v that_o the_o humour_n be_v move_v and_o glide_v towards_o that_o part_n where_o the_o flux_n be_v make_v neither_o do_v i_o think_v it_o need_v any_o far_a explication_n answer_v the_o four_o argument_n answer_v the_o four_o argument_n take_v from_o the_o saltness_n have_v a_o more_o difficult_a solution_n because_o that_o it_o seem_v not_o possible_a that_o the_o saltness_n shall_v be_v take_v away_o only_o by_o transcolation_n for_o the_o saltness_n of_o the_o water_n consist_v in_o a_o double_a salt_n which_o the_o aristotelian_o never_o observe_v the_o one_o of_o which_o the_o chemist_n apt_o call_v fix_v the_o other_o volatile_a salt_n and_o the_o fix_a salt_n may_v indeed_o be_v separate_v from_o the_o marine_a water_n as_o well_o by_o continual_a transcolation_n as_o by_o coction_n and_o distillation_n of_o the_o water_n but_o the_o volatile_a salt_n because_o it_o be_v spirituous_a be_v immediate_o advance_v with_o the_o water_n neither_o can_v it_o be_v separate_v by_o frequent_a and_o often_o repeat_v distillation_n therefore_o it_o be_v hard_o to_o give_v a_o mode_n by_o which_o this_o volatile_a salt_n spirit_n in_o its_o passage_n between_o the_o sea_n and_o the_o fountain_n may_v be_v separate_v from_o the_o sea_n water_n yet_o in_o the_o mean_a while_o these_o will_v suffice_v for_o the_o solution_n 1._o although_o we_o have_v not_o discover_v the_o mode_n and_o artifice_n by_o which_o this_o volatile_a salsitude_n may_v be_v separate_v from_o the_o sea_n water_n yet_o we_o must_v not_o deny_v but_o that_o it_o may_v be_v separate_v for_o by_o nature_n we_o find_v it_o separate_v viz._n for_o fresh_a shower_n fall_v into_o the_o ocean_n which_o yet_o be_v generate_v of_o the_o vapour_n take_v up_o from_o the_o sea_n 2._o those_o particle_n of_o salt_n water_n penetrate_v the_o earth_n before_o they_o flow_v to_o their_o fountain_n be_v mix_v here_o and_o there_o with_o other_o water_n proceed_v there_o from_o rain_n or_o vapour_n and_o so_o that_o small_a saltitude_n that_o they_o yet_o have_v be_v render_v altogether_o insensible_a 3._o it_o be_v not_o true_a that_o the_o salsitude_n be_v altogether_o insensible_a in_o all_o spring_n because_o that_o some_o fountain_n be_v salt_n as_o we_o say_v before_o othersome_a brackish_a a_o little_a as_o those_o two_o mile_n from_o the_o city_n suez_n and_o in_o place_n less_o remote_a from_o the_o sea_n therefore_o there_o be_v need_n of_o a_o long_a transcolation_n and_o gentle_a evaporation_n to_o separate_v the_o water_n from_o the_o volatile_a salt_n and_o by_o this_o artifice_n we_o make_v sea_n water_v less_o salt_n and_o such_o also_o be_v the_o generation_n of_o rain_n water_n which_o therefore_o be_v not_o salt_n or_o at_o least_o less_o salt_n for_o it_o be_v certain_a that_o sometime_o saltish_a kind_n of_o rain_n do_v fall_v into_o the_o sea_n therefore_o the_o water_n of_o fountain_n proceed_v partly_o from_o the_o sea_n or_o subterranean_a water_n partly_o from_o river_n and_o dew_n that_o moisten_v the_o earth_n but_o the_o water_n of_o river_n partly_o proceed_v from_o spring_n and_o partly_o from_o rain_n and_o snow_n proposition_n vi_o certain_a river_n hide_v themselves_o in_o the_o midst_n of_o their_o passage_n under_o the_o earth_n and_o in_o another_o place_n rise_v up_o again_o as_o if_o they_o be_v new_a river_n again_o of_o river_n which_o in_o the_o midst_n of_o their_o passage_n hide_v themselves_o under_o the_o earth_n and_o rise_v again_o the_o most_o celebrate_a of_o they_o be_v 1._o the_o river_n niger_n which_o meet_v the_o mountain_n of_o nubia_n be_v observe_v under_o they_o and_o come_v forth_o again_o from_o the_o other_o occidental_a quarter_n 2._o tigris_n have_v pass_v the_o lake_n arethusa_n meet_v the_o mountain_n taurus_n be_v hide_v in_o a_o cave_n and_o flow_v out_o on_o the_o other_o side_n then_o when_o it_o have_v pass_v the_o lake_n thospite_v it_o be_v again_o obscure_v in_o subterranean_a cavern_n and_o then_o after_o it_o have_v thus_o run_v the_o space_n of_o about_o six_o german_a mile_n it_o break_v forth_o again_o 3._o about_o arcadia_n in_o peloponnesus_n many_o such_o riveret_n be_v to_o be_v find_v as_o aristotle_n write_v in_o his_o first_o book_n of_o meteor_n chapter_n eleven_o 4._o alpheus_n a_o river_n of_o achaia_n be_v absorb_v by_o the_o earth_n the_o grecian_n write_v that_o it_o keep_v its_o course_n under_o the_o sea_n and_o beneath_o the_o earth_n even_o unto_o sicilia_n where_o they_o will_v have_v it_o to_o emerge_n on_o the_o coast_n of_o syracuse_n and_o to_o be_v that_o river_n that_o be_v call_v arethusa_n in_o sicilia_n now_o this_o they_o especial_o collect_v from_o this_o viz._n that_o arethusa_n in_o sicilia_n every_o five_o summer_n cast_v up_o the_o dung_n of_o those_o beast_n at_o that_o time_n when_o the_o olympian_a game_n be_v celebrate_v and_o the_o dung_n and_o garbage_n of_o the_o slay_a victim_n be_v cast_v into_o alpheus_n therefore_o be_v carry_v with_o a_o direct_a current_n they_o be_v cast_v up_o in_o sicilia_n 5._o the_o river_n guadiana_n between_o portugal_n and_o biscay_n in_o time_n past_o call_v anas_n whole_o obscure_v itself_o at_o medelina_n and_o about_o 8_o german_a mile_n further_a discover_v itself_o again_o 6._o dan_o which_o flow_v with_o the_o river_n jor_n make_v jordan_n break_v forth_o some_o mile_n from_o its_o fountain_n phiala_n straw_n or_o rush_n be_v cast_v into_o the_o same_o be_v find_v and_o discover_v in_o the_o fountain_n or_o proruption_n of_o the_o river_n dan._n the_o reason_n why_o these_o river_n hide_v themselves_o under_o the_o earth_n and_o again_o emerge_n be_v 1._o the_o obstacle_n of_o a_o more_o elevate_a place_n than_o the_o channel_n of_o the_o river_n 2._o either_o perchance_o some_o cavity_n exist_v in_o the_o earth_n or_o some_o inconstant_a matter_n which_o easy_o give_v place_n to_o the_o glide_a river_n there_o be_v also_o other_o river_n which_o hide_v themselves_o under_o the_o earth_n but_o do_v not_o again_o emerge_n as_o we_o shall_v show_v in_o the_o follow_a proposition_n proposition_n vii_o most_o of_o the_o great_a and_o indifferent_a river_n as_o also_o a_o great_a part_n of_o the_o lesser_a do_v exonerate_v themselves_o into_o the_o sea_n or_o a_o lake_n and_o the_o place_n where_o this_o exoneration_n be_v make_v be_v term_v the_o mouth_n of_o the_o river_n some_o river_n have_v one_o some_o three_o and_o some_o more_o such_o mouth_n some_o of_o the_o river_n of_o indifferent_a magnitude_n as_o also_o the_o lesser_a sort_n discharge_v themselves_o into_o great_a river_n the_o other_o either_o stagnate_n or_o be_v suck_v up_o by_o the_o earth_n lake_n most_o river_n both_o great_a and_o small_a lose_v themselves_o in_o the_o sea_n or_o in_o lake_n concern_v the_o great_a river_n the_o thing_n be_v evident_a by_o the_o example_n of_o the_o rhine_n the_o danube_n the_o wolga_n and_o such_o like_a for_o the_o danube_n be_v exonerate_v into_o the_o euxine_a sea_n by_o seven_o mouth_n the_o wolga_n have_v at_o least_o seventy_o outlet_n or_o mouth_n the_o nile_n have_v seven_o and_o where_o it_o overflow_v more_o the_o cause_n why_o great_a river_n do_v exonerate_v themselves_o into_o the_o sea_n be_v their_o abundance_n of_o water_n and_o vehement_a course_n now_o why_o they_o have_v more_o outlet_n than_o one_o there_o be_v a_o twofold_a reason_n for_o the_o same_o 1._o the_o abundance_n of_o water_n 2._o the_o generation_n of_o sand_n and_o ridge_n in_o the_o mouth_n which_o in_o progress_n of_o time_n be_v so_o augment_v that_o they_o become_v either_o part_n of_o the_o land_n or_o island_n and_o so_o cause_n that_o the_o river_n glide_v be_v divide_v into_o two_o branch_n and_o when_o many_o such_o ridge_n be_v generate_v the_o river_n be_v divide_v into_o many_o branch_n or_o one_o mouth_n into_o many_o but_o then_o for_o the_o most_o part_n the_o mouth_n be_v carry_v forward_o and_o the_o sea_n recede_v from_o
and_o there_o be_v find_v whirlpool_n in_o a_o river_n place_n more_o depress_v and_o on_o the_o contrary_a ridge_n and_o little_a hill_n thence_o it_o come_v to_o pass_v that_o one_o part_n of_o the_o channel_n although_o more_o remove_v from_o the_o spring_n be_v high_a than_o the_o other_o part_n of_o the_o channel_n which_o be_v more_o nigh_o the_o fountain_n and_o yet_o notwithstanding_o the_o water_n flow_v from_o this_o to_o that_o because_o that_o quantity_n of_o water_n flow_v into_o the_o place_n depress_v that_o the_o superficies_n of_o it_o become_v high_a than_o the_o little_a hillock_n or_o ridge_n or_o the_o vicine_fw-la patt_n which_o be_v more_o elevate_v lie_v towards_o the_o mouth_n and_o there_o be_v scarce_o any_o river_n to_o be_v find_v who_o channel_n have_v not_o these_o inequality_n especial_o in_o the_o nile_n and_o wolga_n these_o ridge_n do_v abound_v what_o a_o cataract_n what_o and_o where_o the_o water_n fall_v from_o a_o high_a place_n to_o a_o more_o depress_a part_n of_o the_o channel_n if_o the_o depression_n be_v great_a the_o place_n be_v term_v the_o cataract_n of_o the_o river_n where_o the_o river_n rune_v downward_o with_o a_o great_a violence_n such_o cataract_n great_a river_n have_v especial_o the_o nile_n for_o the_o nile_n in_o two_o place_n of_o his_o channel_n fall_v down_o between_o the_o mountain_n with_o that_o noise_n and_o rapidness_n that_o the_o inhabitant_n be_v report_v to_o be_v deafen_a by_o the_o same_o wolgda_n also_o a_o small_a river_n in_o moscovia_n not_o wolga_n have_v two_o cataract_n near_o ladoga_n so_o the_o zaire_n a_o river_n in_o congo_n six_o mile_n from_o the_o shore_n have_v a_o cataract_n where_o it_o fall_v from_o a_o mountain_n also_o the_o rhine_n at_o belefilda_n and_o scaffusia_n fall_v with_o a_o great_a noise_n but_o drainer_n have_v observe_v that_o if_o the_o bottom_n of_o the_o channel_n be_v depress_v one_o pass_n in_o 200_o pace_n it_o will_v hardly_o be_v navigable_a by_o reason_n of_o its_o celerity_n see_v therefore_o that_o all_o great_a river_n be_v navigable_a we_o infer_v that_o the_o depression_n of_o the_o channel_n be_v no_o great_a than_o one_o pass_n or_o mile_n in_o 200_o but_o particular_a cataract_n and_o whirlpool_n be_v except_v now_o this_o depression_n of_o one_o part_n of_o the_o channel_n beneath_o the_o other_o part_n be_v term_v libramentum_fw-la and_o the_o depression_n of_o the_o mouth_n of_o the_o river_n beneath_o the_o place_n of_o the_o fountain_n be_v term_v the_o libramentum_fw-la of_o the_o river_n proposition_n xi_o why_o river_n have_v or_o acquire_v a_o great_a latitude_n in_o one_o part_n of_o they_o than_o in_o the_o other_o rivers_n of_o the_o latitude_n of_o rivers_n the_o cause_n be_v fourfold_a 1._o if_o that_o the_o bank_n or_o shore_n be_v more_o low_a in_o this_o part_n than_o in_o that_o 2._o if_o that_o the_o earth_n of_o the_o shore_n be_v less_o hard_a and_o coherent_a as_o not_o be_v sufficient_a to_o resist_v the_o violent_a access_n of_o the_o river_n which_o sometime_o proceed_v from_o the_o wind_n or_o plenty_n of_o water_n 3._o if_o that_o the_o channel_n on_o that_o part_n be_v less_o profound_a or_o hallow_v or_o have_v ridge_n and_o 4._o if_o that_o it_o flow_v from_o any_o cataract_n into_o that_o part_n proposition_n xii_o the_o channel_n of_o river_n become_v more_o or_o less_o depress_v sometime_o in_o this_o and_o sometime_o in_o that_o part_n they_o become_v less_o depress_v or_o elevate_v and_o not_o so_o hollow_a 1._o if_o that_o ridge_n be_v generate_v 2._o if_o that_o the_o river_n become_v more_o broad_a on_o that_o part_n 3._o if_o that_o the_o flux_n become_v less_o swift_a the_o depression_n or_o cavity_n of_o the_o channel_n be_v augment_v if_o that_o the_o flux_n of_o the_o river_n be_v more_o vehement_a and_o swift_a especial_o from_o some_o cataract_n or_o between_o the_o narrowness_n of_o the_o shore_n more_o especial_o if_o that_o the_o whole_a bottom_n consist_v of_o earth_n less_o coherent_a proposition_n xiii_o why_o some_o river_n run_v with_o a_o more_o swift_a current_n and_o other_o with_o a_o more_o slow_a and_o why_o one_o and_o the_o same_o river_n be_v carry_v with_o a_o swift_a current_n in_o one_o place_n and_o with_o a_o slow_a in_o another_o which_o be_v observe_v of_o the_o rhine_n in_o many_o place_n rivers_n of_o the_o motion_n of_o rivers_n the_o cause_n be_v 1._o the_o altitude_n of_o the_o spring_n 2._o the_o depression_n in_o the_o part_n of_o the_o channel_n or_o bottom_n especial_o in_o the_o mouth_n for_o if_o that_o the_o bottom_n be_v depress_v one_o mile_n in_o two_o hundred_o drainer_n have_v observe_v that_o the_o water_n be_v so_o swift_o move_v that_o there_o be_v great_a danger_n in_o sail_v for_o where_o there_o be_v cataract_n there_o the_o river_n rush_v with_o a_o mighty_a violence_n and_o therefore_o torrent_n be_v carry_v so_o furious_o because_o that_o they_o flow_v from_o mountain_n 3._o the_o straightness_n of_o the_o channel_n and_o profundity_n join_v with_o a_o abundant_a quantity_n of_o water_n as_o when_o river_n pass_v between_o two_o mountain_n or_o procurrent_a land_n river_n famous_a for_o their_o swift_a course_n be_v the_o tigris_n indus_n danube_n yrtiis_fw-la malmistra_fw-la that_o flow_v with_o so_o great_a a_o noise_n that_o it_o may_v be_v hear_v a_o great_a distance_n off_o proposition_n fourteen_o the_o mouth_n of_o river_n may_v be_v by_o so_o much_o the_o more_o easy_o obstruct_v by_o how_o much_o they_o be_v the_o more_o broad_a and_o by_o how_o much_o they_o be_v the_o deep_a or_o less_o depress_v and_o by_o how_o much_o there_o be_v less_o quantity_n of_o water_n and_o the_o flux_n be_v less_o swift_a and_o vehement_a for_o these_o cause_n make_v the_o river_n to_o be_v carry_v with_o a_o lesser_a violence_n neither_o do_v it_o thrust_v forth_o the_o terrestrial_a matter_n which_o be_v collect_v in_o its_o mouth_n but_o rather_o suffer_v it_o to_o sink_v proposition_n xv._o very_o few_o river_n be_v carry_v in_o a_o direct_a course_n from_o the_o spring_n to_o the_o outlet_a many_o seek_v divers_a quarter_n in_o their_o flux_n and_o some_o flow_n with_o many_o wind_n spring_n the_o course_n of_o river_n from_o the_o spring_n the_o cause_n seem_v partly_o to_o be_v the_o industry_n of_o man_n partly_o the_o motion_n of_o the_o water_n partly_o the_o interposition_n of_o a_o ridge_n or_o bank_n in_o its_o direct_a course_n wind_v river_n be_v 1._o rio_n de_fw-fr orellana_n in_o brazilia_n make_v innumerable_a wind_n so_o that_o its_o passage_n or_o channel_n be_v reckon_v to_o be_v above_o 1500_o mile_n when_o in_o a_o direct_a line_n from_o the_o spring_n of_o it_o to_o the_o mouth_n be_v only_o 700_o mile_n 2._o the_o river_n de_fw-fr madres_n in_o anatolia_n which_o have_v 600_o wind_a 3._o the_o river_n toera_n arise_v in_o siberica_n flow_v with_o so_o many_o curvature_n or_o wind_n and_o the_o russian_n and_o siberian_o when_o they_o sail_v in_o it_o carry_v the_o boat_n or_o small_a vessel_n and_o its_o lade_n by_o land_n from_o one_o wind_v to_o another_o to_o avoid_v great_a expense_n proposition_n xvi_o whether_o the_o lake_n through_o which_o some_o river_n do_v seem_v to_o pass_v or_o to_o enter_v into_o and_o to_o go_v out_o from_o be_v cause_v by_o river_n or_o whether_o they_o have_v their_o peculiar_a spring_n and_o augment_v the_o water_n of_o rivers_n also_o whether_o that_o a_o river_n flow_v from_o a_o lake_n be_v the_o same_o with_o that_o which_o flow_v in_o lake_n of_o the_o cause_n of_o lake_n all_o river_n have_v not_o such_o lake_n but_o some_o only_o nubia_n a_o river_n of_o africa_n have_v five_o the_o river_n niger_n four_z rhodanus_n the_o lake_n lemanus_n etc._n etc._n concern_v those_o lake_n we_o have_v speak_v in_o the_o precede_a chapter_n viz._n that_o a_o river_n go_v forth_o must_v be_v compare_v with_o that_o which_o enter_v in_o if_o that_o which_o go_v forth_o be_v great_a than_o that_o which_o enter_v in_o there_o will_v be_v peculiar_a spring_n in_o the_o bottom_n of_o the_o lake_n which_o cause_v that_o river_n but_o if_o that_o a_o lesser_a or_o at_o least_o not_o great_a go_v forth_o this_o lake_n be_v make_v and_o conserve_v by_o the_o river_n enter_v in_o and_o the_o cause_n or_o original_n of_o its_o generation_n be_v the_o latitude_n and_o cavity_n or_o depression_n of_o the_o channel_n and_o a_o lake_n may_v be_v make_v from_o any_o river_n as_o we_o have_v say_v in_o the_o precede_a chapter_n although_o the_o river_n go_v forth_o be_v situate_v almost_o in_o a_o direct_a line_n with_o the_o river_n enter_v in_o yet_o those_o two_o river_n shall_v be_v account_v one_o river_n or_o the_o part_n of_o one_o river_n viz._n when_o that_o which_o go_v forth_o be_v
great_a than_o that_o which_o enter_v in_o for_o if_o it_o be_v lesser_a or_o no_o great_a i_o think_v we_o ought_v not_o to_o question_v whether_o that_o which_o go_v forth_o be_v the_o same_o with_o that_o which_o come_v in_o other_o note_n or_o sign_n be_v in_o some_o as_o the_o rhodanus_n enter_v the_o lake_n lemanus_n and_o again_o go_v forth_o and_o yet_o cause_v not_o that_o lake_n which_o be_v discover_v beside_o other_o token_n from_o the_o colour_n which_o this_o river_n bear_v contrary_a to_o the_o lake_n neither_o do_v the_o rhine_n cause_n any_o lake_n but_o be_v produce_v and_o conserve_v from_o water_n bubble_v under_o the_o earth_n yet_o i_o do_v not_o propose_v these_o as_o undoubted_a proposition_n xvii_o most_o river_n be_v by_o so_o much_o the_o broad_a by_o how_o much_o they_o be_v near_o to_o their_o mouth_n or_o remove_v from_o their_o spring_n and_o great_a be_v their_o latitude_n in_o their_o mouth_n or_o outlet_n spring_n the_o mouth_n of_o river_n broad_a than_o at_o their_o spring_n the_o cause_n be_v 1._o because_o other_o river_n enter_v into_o that_o which_o exonerate_v itself_o into_o the_o sea_n and_o so_o the_o quantity_n of_o water_n be_v augment_v 2._o because_o the_o channel_n be_v less_o depress_v in_o the_o part_n near_o the_o mouth_n 3._o because_o that_o the_o water_n be_v force_v back_o by_o the_o wind_n blow_v from_o the_o sea_n from_o the_o mouth_n to_o the_o fountain_n which_o violence_n be_v only_o discover_v in_o the_o part_n near_o to_o the_o mouth_n not_o in_o those_o remote_a and_o near_o the_o fountain_n 4._o the_o sea_n itself_o when_o such_o a_o wind_n blow_v enter_v the_o mouth_n and_o render_v it_o more_o large_a and_o broad_a by_o vehement_a agitation_n and_o by_o so_o much_o the_o outlet_n be_v large_a and_o broad_a in_o great_a river_n by_o how_o much_o they_o be_v the_o few_o great_a be_v the_o mouth_n or_o outlet_n of_o the_o river_n maragnon_n in_o brazilia_n of_o st._n laurence_n in_o canada_n of_o the_o zaire_n in_o africa_n of_o rio_n de_fw-fr la_fw-fr plate_n in_o brazilia_n for_o this_o river_n be_v carry_v into_o the_o sea_n by_o a_o outlet_a of_o 40_o mile_n as_o some_o have_v observe_v or_o as_o other_o of_o 20_o mile_n only_o and_o i_o suppose_v those_o that_o write_v of_o 40_o mile_n comprehend_v the_o other_o mouth_n of_o the_o river_n together_o those_o who_o have_v be_v in_o congo_n relate_v that_o the_o mouth_n of_o the_o zaire_n be_v 28_o mile_n and_o these_o river_n send_v forth_o such_o a_o large_a quantity_n of_o water_n overcome_v and_o obscure_v both_o the_o salt_n taste_v of_o the_o water_n and_o the_o motion_n of_o the_o sea_n towards_o the_o shore_n and_o that_o unto_o 10_o or_o 12_o mile_n in_o the_o sea_n proposition_n xviii_o the_o water_n of_o rivers_n carry_v with_o it_o many_o particle_n of_o various_a metal_n mineral_n sand_n of_o oily_a or_o fat_a body_n they_o river_n in_o their_o course_n carry_v various_a thing_n with_o they_o some_o river_n carry_v gold_n that_o be_v sand_n mix_v with_o some_o grain_n of_o gold_n and_o such_o be_v 1._o some_o in_o japan_n 2._o in_o the_o island_n of_o lequeo_fw-la not_o far_o from_o japan_n 3._o a_o riveret_n call_v arroe_n in_o africa_n which_o spring_v in_o monomotapa_n from_o the_o foot_n of_o the_o mountain_n of_o the_o moon_n in_o which_o mountain_n there_o be_v golden_a mine_n and_o it_o flow_v into_o magnice_n a_o river_n in_o soffalae_n 4._o in_o guiney_n where_o the_o negro_n separate_v these_o grain_n from_o the_o sand_n and_o sell_v it_o or_o exchange_v it_o with_o the_o european_n for_o toy_n or_o slight_a commodity_n 5._o in_o the_o riveret_n about_o mexico_n grain_n of_o gold_n be_v also_o gather_v up_o especial_o after_o shower_n of_o rain_n which_o must_v be_v understand_v of_o all_o these_o riveret_n for_o except_v in_o the_o time_n of_o shower_n scarce_o any_o or_o very_o little_a be_v find_v 6._o in_o peru._n 7._o in_o sumatra_n 8._o in_o cuba_n 9_o in_o hispaniola_n and_o other_o adjacent_a isle_n 10._o in_o guiana_n a_o province_n in_o america_n 11._o in_o the_o river_n of_o caribana_n great_a grain_n be_v find_v after_o shower_n 12._o many_o riveret_n and_o spring_n be_v find_v in_o the_o region_n about_o the_o alps_n in_o germany_n especial_o in_o the_o province_n of_o tirol_n from_o the_o water_n of_o which_o gold_n and_o silver_n be_v extract_v although_o nothing_o of_o grain_n be_v conspicuous_a in_o they_o because_o they_o carry_v very_o small_a particle_n or_o atom_n the_o rhine_n also_o carry_v golden_a clay_n in_o many_o place_n as_o also_o the_o abbis_n in_o time_n past_o the_o river_n tagus_n be_v famous_a for_o roll_a down_o sand-gold_n but_o at_o this_o day_n no_o such_o be_v find_v in_o it_o neither_o do_v i_o remember_v that_o any_o river_n in_o europe_n be_v celebrate_v for_o such_o riches_n also_o in_o hassia_n at_o this_o time_n a_o small_a river_n be_v report_v to_o be_v find_v in_o the_o sand_n of_o which_o be_v grain_n of_o gold_n but_o i_o have_v read_v no_o author_n worthy_a of_o credit_n concern_v it_o no_o silver_n rivers_n or_o riveret_n be_v take_v notice_n of_o by_o writer_n yet_o i_o doubt_v not_o but_o that_o there_o as_o many_o or_o more_o riveret_n which_o carry_v grain_n of_o gold_n but_o because_o they_o be_v not_o so_o easy_o discover_v from_o the_o sand_n and_o no_o great_a gain_n can_v be_v obtain_v therefore_o it_o have_v not_o yet_o be_v observe_v by_o any_o the_o same_o be_v also_o the_o cause_n why_o we_o meet_v with_o no_o mention_n of_o those_o riveret_n that_o carry_v grain_n of_o iron_n copper_n tin_n except_o of_o very_a few_o of_o which_o questionless_a there_o be_v a_o great_a number_n the_o admirable_a effect_n of_o which_o be_v discover_v man_n admire_v and_o be_v amaze_v and_o vulgar_a philosopher_n fly_v to_o a_o occult_a quality_n let_v we_o only_o cast_v a_o eye_n on_o that_o river_n in_o upper_a germany_n germany_n a_o strange_a river_n in_o germany_n which_o change_v iron_n into_o copper_n as_o the_o vulgar_a think_v so_o that_o if_o you_o hang_v a_o iron_n shoe_n in_o it_o you_o will_v draw_v it_o out_o copper_n but_o the_o iron_n be_v not_o change_v into_o copper_n as_o be_v vulgar_o suppose_v but_o the_o grain_n and_o particle_n of_o copper_n and_o vitriol_n that_o be_v in_o this_o river_n corrode_v the_o iron_n by_o the_o assistance_n of_o the_o motion_n of_o the_o water_n and_o the_o particle_n of_o the_o iron_n be_v remove_v those_o of_o the_o copper_n succeed_v in_o their_o place_n this_o the_o modern_a physician_n that_o be_v skilful_a in_o chemistry_n have_v learn_v by_o another_o experiment_n much_o less_o be_v the_o riveret_n that_o be_v impregnate_v with_o many_o particle_n of_o kind_n of_o earth_n and_o salt_n observe_v but_o we_o shall_v explain_v in_o the_o follow_a chapter_n the_o mineral_n and_o metallick_n spring_v from_o this_o admixture_n of_o various_a particle_n proceed_v the_o great_a diversity_n of_o water_n in_o river_n and_o wells_n the_o water_n of_o some_o if_o that_o you_o use_v it_o to_o boil_v meat_n make_v it_o black_a which_o be_v a_o sign_n that_o it_o be_v impregnate_v with_o iron_n neither_o be_v pease_n so_o easy_o soften_v as_o when_o they_o be_v boil_a in_o other_o water_n which_o be_v somewhat_o more_o fat_a of_o divers_a water_n the_o same_o or_o like_a beer_n can_v be_v make_v now_o the_o albis_n be_v of_o the_o number_n of_o these_o fat_a one_o as_o i_o may_v so_o say_v the_o cause_n of_o this_o variety_n be_v to_o be_v seek_v from_o the_o variety_n of_o the_o land_n through_o which_o the_o river_n rune_v which_o be_v either_o stony_a gravelly_a or_o metallic_v and_o experience_n testify_v that_o river_n who_o water_n be_v fat_a do_v run_v through_o clayie_a land_n so_o all_o the_o place_n that_o adjoyn_v to_o the_o albis_n be_v fruitful_a proposition_n xix_o the_o water_n of_o most_o river_n differ_v in_o colour_n gravity_n and_o other_o quality_n quality_n the_o water_n of_o most_o river_n be_v of_o different_a quality_n for_o some_o water_n be_v black_a some_o incline_n to_o black_a some_o incline_n to_o red_a some_z to_z white_z and_o this_o diversity_n of_o they_o be_v chief_o note_v when_o that_o two_o river_n do_v meet_v for_o we_o may_v discover_v for_o many_o mile_n those_o water_n where_o now_o they_o exist_v in_o the_o same_o part_n of_o the_o channel_n from_o whence_o also_o it_o be_v manifest_a that_o they_o differ_v in_o gravity_n when_o that_o one_o rather_o sink_v to_o the_o bottom_n of_o the_o channel_n than_o the_o other_o although_o this_o be_v make_v more_o manifest_a by_o the_o examination_n by_o weight_n the_o water_n of_o the_o ganges_n be_v account_v the_o most_o wholesome_a and_o the_o most_o light_a and_o
fruitful_a by_o its_o fat_a water_n proposition_n xxi_o to_o explain_v how_o spring_n or_o fountain_n break_v forth_o fountain_n of_o the_o break_n forth_o of_o spring_n and_o fountain_n in_o the_o four_o proposition_n we_o have_v show_v whence_o the_o water_n arise_v that_o flow_v from_o fountain_n now_o here_o we_o demand_v by_o what_o force_n that_o water_n collect_v in_o the_o earth_n be_v thrust_v forth_o see_v that_o it_o seem_v not_o possible_a to_o be_v do_v without_o a_o violent_a remove_n of_o the_o earth_n but_o the_o cause_n be_v various_a which_o make_v way_n for_o a_o spring_n in_o any_o place_n 1._o if_o that_o in_o any_o place_n there_o be_v a_o certain_a cavity_n the_o water_n distil_v into_o that_o without_o the_o help_n of_o any_o other_o cause_n when_o that_o by_o creep_v it_o come_v into_o it_o and_o then_o in_o course_n of_o time_n make_v great_a passage_n for_o itself_o until_o that_o cavity_n be_v fill_v it_o flow_v out_o and_o make_v a_o river_n the_o same_o also_o happen_v without_o a_o cavity_n if_o that_o the_o spring_n be_v on_o the_o top_n of_o a_o mountain_n also_o for_o this_o reason_n frequent_a spring_n be_v find_v in_o wood_n and_o shady_a place_n for_o the_o rain-water_n moisten_v the_o earth_n and_o because_o it_o be_v not_o extract_v by_o the_o heat_n of_o the_o sun_n and_o a_o open_a and_o free_a air_n by_o degree_n it_o allure_v to_o itself_o the_o hide_a water_n of_o a_o future_a fountain_n 2._o a_o way_n be_v prepare_v and_o the_o earth_n remove_v by_o the_o spirit_n which_o be_v admix_v with_o the_o water_n yet_o in_o the_o earth_n also_o the_o rarefaction_n of_o water_n in_o the_o earth_n by_o which_o it_o require_v the_o large_a place_n for_o the_o water_n whilst_o that_o yet_o they_o be_v hide_v within_o the_o earth_n carry_v many_o spirit_n also_o subterranean_a fire_n add_v not_o a_o little_a to_o this_o 3._o oftentimes_o fountain_n be_v bring_v to_o light_n by_o shower_n for_o shower_n do_v render_v the_o pore_n of_o the_o earth_n more_o ample_a and_o large_a when_o that_o they_o conjoin_v with_o the_o water_n of_o the_o hide_a fountain_n and_o so_o this_o follow_v that_o by_o reason_n of_o the_o mutual_a conjunction_n and_o coherency_n 4._o sometime_o spring_n be_v open_v by_o a_o earthquake_n so_o a_o earthquake_n send_v forth_o the_o river_n ladon_n 5._o sometime_o they_o be_v discover_v by_o the_o industry_n of_o man_n by_o dig_v the_o earth_n 6._o many_o fountain_n have_v be_v discover_v by_o animal_n which_o be_v wont_a to_o dig_v up_o the_o earth_n with_o their_o snout_n so_o a_o hog_n first_o discover_v the_o first_o salt_n spring_n in_o lunenburgh_n for_o when_o he_o have_v root_v up_o the_o earth_n and_o make_v a_o gutter_n the_o water_n spout_v out_o which_o fill_v the_o gutter_n the_o hog_n according_a to_o their_o custom_n lay_v down_o in_o it_o then_o when_o he_o arise_v and_o that_o his_o back_n be_v dry_a some_o discover_v a_o very_a white_a colour_n on_o he_o which_o when_o they_o have_v more_o accurate_o contemplate_v they_o find_v it_o to_o be_v white_a salt_n then_o they_o go_v to_o the_o spring_n and_o from_o thence_o forward_o many_o more_o be_v seek_v and_o find_v out_o from_o which_o the_o city_n obtain_v almost_o â—ll_o its_o riches_n and_o splendour_n and_o in_o memorial_n thereof_o the_o hog_n be_v quarter_v and_o smoak-dried_n and_o be_v keep_v at_o this_o very_a day_n in_o the_o palace_n of_o lunenburgh_n to_o be_v see_v proposition_n xxii_o a_o place_n be_v give_v in_o the_o earth_n to_o inquire_v whether_o a_o spring_n or_o well_o may_v be_v make_v in_o it_o see_v vitruvius_n in_o the_o eight_o book_n of_o his_o architecture_n 1._o see_v vitruvius_n lib._n 8._o cap._n 1._o chap._n 1._o at_o this_o day_n we_o perform_v the_o same_o by_o dig_v up_o the_o earth_n oftentimes_o to_o a_o great_a depth_n and_o for_o the_o most_o part_n vein_n or_o head_n of_o spring_n or_o well_n or_o the_o well_n and_o spring_n themselves_o be_v find_v proposition_n xxiii_o a_o place_n be_v give_v to_o make_v a_o spring_n or_o well_o in_o it_o if_o that_o it_o be_v possible_a to_o be_v make_v we_o will_v allege_v the_o word_n of_o vitruvius_n as_o be_v a_o man_n excellent_o skill_v in_o these_o affair_n 7._o see_v vitruvius_n cap._n 7._o see_v that_o we_o never_o use_v ourselves_o to_o this_o kind_n of_o exercise_n in_o his_o seven_o chapter_n thus_o he_o speak_v reason_n must_v not_o be_v contemn_v in_o dig_v of_o well_n but_o the_o natural_a reason_n of_o thing_n be_v to_o be_v consider_v with_o sharpness_n of_o wit_n and_o great_a prudence_n by_o reason_n that_o the_o earth_n have_v many_o and_o various_a thing_n within_o it_o for_o it_o be_v compound_v as_o other_o thing_n of_o four_o principle_n and_o the_o first_o be_v terrene_a and_o have_v from_o the_o humidity_n of_o the_o water_n fountain_n also_o heat_n whence_o proceed_v sulphur_n alom_n bitumen_n and_o gross_a spirit_n of_o air_n which_o be_v thick_a when_o by_o the_o fistulous_a intervening_n of_o the_o earth_n they_o come_v to_o the_o place_n where_o the_o well_o be_v dug_n and_o find_v man_n dig_v by_o their_o natural_a vapour_n they_o stop_v up_o the_o animal_n spirit_n of_o those_o that_o work_n at_o their_o nostril_n so_o that_o those_o that_o fly_v not_o quick_o away_o be_v there_o choke_v now_o to_o avoid_v this_o we_o must_v thus_o act_v let_v a_o candle_n be_v light_v and_o let_v down_o and_o if_o that_o it_o continue_v burn_v you_o may_v descend_v without_o danger_n but_o if_o that_o the_o light_n be_v extinguish_v by_o the_o force_n of_o the_o vapour_n then_o let_v aestuary_n be_v dug_n on_o the_o right_n and_o left_a hand_n near_o the_o wâ—ll_n so_o as_o by_o the_o nostril_n the_o spirit_n will_v be_v dissipate_v when_o those_o be_v so_o explicate_v and_o that_o you_o be_v come_v to_o the_o water_n let_v the_o structure_n be_v so_o sence_v that_o the_o vein_n be_v not_o stop_v but_o if_o that_o the_o place_n shall_v prove_v hard_a or_o that_o the_o vein_n shall_v not_o be_v altogether_o at_o the_o bottom_n than_o assistance_n must_v be_v take_v from_o the_o cover_n of_o plaster-work_n now_o this_o must_v be_v observe_v in_o plaster-work_n that_o the_o rough_a and_o pure_a sand_n be_v get_v that_o the_o cement_n be_v break_v with_o a_o flint_n that_o the_o most_o vehement_a chalk_n be_v mix_v with_o the_o mortar_n so_o that_o five_o part_n of_o sand_n answer_v to_o two_o of_o chalk_n or_o lime_n let_v the_o cement_n be_v add_v to_o the_o mortar_n of_o it_o let_v the_o wall_n in_o the_o depress_a trench_n unto_o the_o measure_n of_o the_o future_a altitude_n be_v spage_v the_o bar_n be_v make_v of_o iron_n the_o wall_n be_v plaster_v let_v that_o which_o be_v earthy_a in_o the_o midst_n be_v evacuate_v to_o the_o low_a measure_n or_o libration_n of_o the_o wall_n and_o the_o bottom_n be_v level_v let_v the_o pavement_n be_v plaster_v with_o the_o same_o mortar_n unto_o the_o thickness_n that_o be_v appoint_v now_o these_o place_n if_o they_o shall_v be_v make_v double_a or_o treble_a that_o they_o may_v be_v transmutate_v by_o the_o percolation_n of_o the_o water_n will_v make_v the_o use_n of_o it_o far_o more_o wholesome_a for_o the_o mud_n when_o that_o it_o have_v find_v a_o place_n to_o sink_v in_o the_o water_n become_v more_o clear_a and_o will_v keep_v its_o taste_n without_o any_o scent_n if_o not_o you_o must_v of_o necessity_n add_v salt_n and_o extenuate_v it_o proposition_n xxiv_o to_o prove_v whether_o the_o water_n of_o a_o spring_n be_v wholesome_a not_o of_o spring-water_n whether_o it_o be_v wholesome_a or_o not_o concern_v this_o vitruvius_n thus_o write_v their_o probation_n must_v be_v thus_o look_v after_o if_o that_o they_o flow_v and_o be_v open_a before_o that_o they_o begin_v to_o be_v draw_v look_v on_o they_o and_o observe_v of_o what_o membrature_n they_o be_v what_o inhabitant_n dwell_v about_o those_o fountain_n whether_o they_o be_v of_o strong_a body_n of_o good_a colour_n not_o lame_a blear_a or_o sore-eyed_n if_o so_o the_o water_n be_v very_o excellent_a also_o if_o that_o a_o new_a spring_n be_v dug_n and_o the_o water_n be_v put_v into_o a_o corinthian_a vessel_n or_o any_o other_o kind_n make_v of_o brass_n and_o if_o it_o cause_v no_o stain_n it_o be_v then_o most_o excellent_a water_n also_o if_o that_o that_o water_n be_v heat_v and_o afterward_o settle_v and_o pour_v forth_o and_o that_o no_o sand_n or_o mud_n be_v find_v in_o the_o bottom_n that_o water_n be_v also_o very_o good_a also_o if_o that_o root_n put_v in_o that_o water_n be_v quick_o boil_v they_o show_v the_o water_n to_o be_v good_a and_o wholesome_a also_o that_o the_o water_n in_o the_o fountain_n be_v clear_a
participation_n of_o mineral_n be_v to_o be_v apply_v to_o vitriol_n sulphureous_a and_o mercurial_a water_n and_o the_o like_a and_o more_o especial_o to_o these_o to_o wit_n to_o salt_n vitriolate_v and_o sulphureous_a because_o in_o these_o nature_n itself_o do_v exhibit_v this_o fourfold_a variety_n i_o doubt_v whether_o that_o corporeal_a water_n of_o a_o mix_a subtlety_n do_v exist_v spirituous_a metallick_n water_n be_v very_o rare_a but_o sulphureous_a and_o salt_n water_n be_v frequent_a but_o the_o corporeal_a and_o spirituous_a because_o these_o sort_n of_o metal_n be_v both_o find_v in_o many_o place_n of_o the_o earth_n and_o also_o in_o a_o great_a quantity_n and_o easy_o suffer_v their_o particle_n to_o be_v gnaw_v off_o they_o send_v out_o also_o frequent_o a_o fume_n and_o vapour_n we_o will_v explain_v by_o one_o example_n this_o fourfold_a variety_n of_o participation_n and_o that_o in_o gold_n 1._o in_o the_o precede_a chapter_n and_o the_o sixteenth_o proposition_n we_o have_v enumerate_v those_o riveret_n which_o carry_v grain_n of_o gold_n and_o with_o this_o treasury_n make_v glad_a the_o native_n such_o be_v many_o in_o the_o earldom_n of_o tirol_n and_o the_o place_n adjacent_a and_o we_o have_v say_v that_o the_o rhine_n itself_o albis_n danube_n and_o most_o great_a river_n in_o some_o place_n carry_v grain_n of_o gold_n as_o also_o of_o other_o metal_n and_o mineral_n by_o reason_n that_o they_o receive_v golden_a or_o gold-bearing_a riveret_n the_o rhine_n carry_v grain_n of_o gold_n commix_v with_o clay_n and_o sand_n in_o many_o place_n but_o especial_o at_o these_o 1._o near_a curia_n in_o rhetia_n 2._o at_o meinfield_n 3._o at_o eglinsan_n 4._o at._n secningham_n 5._o at_o the_o town_n aug_v not_o far_o from_o basil_n 6._o at_o norinburgh_n 7._o at_o worm_n 8._o at_o seltz_n 9_o at_o mentz_n 10._o at_o bacherack_n 11._o at_o bononia_n and_o the_o like_a the_o reader_n may_v see_v those_o gold-bearing_a riveret_n which_o the_o rhine_n receive_v in_o thurnhuserus_n as_o also_o those_o that_o the_o danube_n and_o albis_n do_v receive_v in_o the_o water_n of_o this_o viz._n the_o albis_n be_v find_v grain_n of_o gold_n 1._o at_o leutmeritz_n in_o bohemia_n 2._o at_o puru_n 3._o at_o dresda_n in_o misnia_n 4._o at_o torga_n 5._o at_o magdeburgh_n 6._o at_o the_o tower_n of_o lunenburgh_n fifteen_o mile_n from_o hamburgh_n concern_v the_o gold-bearing_a riveret_n consult_v the_o forecited_a book_n of_o thurnhuserus_n where_o also_o you_o may_v see_v those_o that_o carry_v other_o metal_n and_o mineral_n these_o water_n be_v therefore_o the_o corporeal_a golden-water_n of_o the_o first_o mode_n viz._n those_o that_o carry_v grain_n of_o gold_n which_o less_o proper_o be_v term_v mineral_n or_o golden_a because_o the_o golden-grain_n be_v not_o permix_v with_o the_o water_n but_o be_v carry_v down_o by_o the_o rapid_a current_n of_o the_o water_n and_o the_o water_n themselves_o be_v simple_a or_o uncompounded_a 2._o golden_a corporeal-water_n of_o a_o subtle_a commixtion_n to_o wit_n the_o atom_n of_o who_o water_n be_v mix_v with_o the_o atom_n of_o the_o gold_n as_o we_o have_v say_v of_o the_o aqua_fw-la regius_fw-la of_o the_o chemist_n which_o dissolve_v the_o gold_n and_o unit_v it_o to_o itself_o by_o atom_n and_o now_o because_o there_o may_v be_v like_o water_n which_o whether_o they_o be_v carry_v through_o golden-land_n or_o mine_n may_v gnaw_v off_o and_o dissolve_v some_o golden-atom_n of_o it_o with_o earthly_a one_o such_o golden-water_n many_o riveret_n seem_v to_o be_v which_o thurnhuserus_n write_v to_o participate_v of_o gold_n and_o reckon_v they_o up_o in_o the_o description_n of_o the_o danube_n rhine_n and_o other_o great_a river_n 3._o the_o golden_a spirituous-water_n be_v very_o few_o and_o some_o of_o those_o be_v they_o peradventure_o which_o thurnhuserus_n enumerate_v now_o such_o water_n be_v less_o note_v or_o sensible_a because_o golden-earth_n and_o mine_n be_v very_o rare_a and_o that_o in_o a_o small_a quantity_n moreover_o where_o the_o mine_n be_v a_o quantity_n of_o other_o mineral_n be_v also_o together_o with_o the_o gold_n whence_o the_o water_n receive_v many_o more_o spirit_n yet_o some_o riveret_n in_o the_o high_a alps_n of_o bohemia_n be_v say_v to_o participate_v of_o these_o golden-spirit_n also_o in_o silesia_n and_o the_o mountain_n that_o they_o call_v fitchtelberg_n the_o pepper-bath_n in_o the_o bishopric_n of_o curia_n be_v believe_v to_o be_v impregnate_v with_o such_o a_o spirit_n but_o by_o reason_n of_o the_o admixture_n of_o other_o mineral_n in_o great_a quantity_n the_o water_n receive_v a_o less_o sensible_a quality_n from_o it_o 4._o golden-water_n which_o carry_v both_o atom_n of_o gold_n and_o spirit_n be_v some_o of_o the_o riveret_n mention_v by_o thurnhuserus_n we_o will_v add_v the_o example_n of_o salt-water_n salt-water_n example_n of_o salt-water_n 1._o salt_n corporeal-water_n viz._n which_o carry_v the_o more_o gross_a particle_n of_o salt_n and_o not_o accurate_o mix_v they_o be_v many_o and_o sufficient_o know_v to_o any_o person_n as_o certain_a spring_n of_o which_o salt_n be_v make_v hitherto_o appertain_v the_o sea-water_n if_o that_o it_o be_v make_v more_o gross_a by_o the_o heat_n of_o the_o fire_n 2._o salt_n corporeal_a subtile-water_n which_o contain_v the_o salt_n reduce_v into_o little_a particle_n they_o be_v those_o which_o when_o they_o be_v most_o salt_n yet_o withal_o they_o be_v very_o pellucid_a and_o subtle_a as_o many_o salt_n spring_n and_o tenuous_a sea-water_n although_o that_o there_o be_v great_a difference_n in_o this_o subtle_a commixtion_n hitherto_o appertain_v the_o urinal_n of_o all_o animal_n 3._o salt_n spirituous-water_n which_o contain_v not_o the_o particle_n of_o salt_n but_o the_o spirit_n of_o salt_n they_o be_v such_o that_o if_o you_o shall_v boil_v many_o vessel_n of_o they_o yet_o notwithstanding_o you_o shall_v receive_v no_o salt_n not_o a_o few_o of_o these_o be_v in_o germany_n and_o elsewhere_o but_o they_o be_v rare_o find_v simple_a 4._o salt_n corporeal_a and_o spirituous-water_n which_o have_v particle_n of_o salt_n and_o spirit_n almost_o all_o the_o corporeal_a have_v also_o some_o portion_n of_o saline_n spirit_n but_o most_o of_o they_o very_o little_a so_o near_o the_o city_n saltzinga_n not_o far_o from_o the_o rhine_n the_o fountain_n be_v salt_n the_o water_n of_o which_o though_o more_o salt_n than_o other_o water_n yet_o it_o afford_v less_o salt_n because_o its_o sharp_a and_o salt_n sapour_fw-la be_v sharpen_v by_o a_o spirit_n or_o volatile_a salt_n that_o fly_v away_o in_o the_o boil_a hence_o it_o be_v manifest_v how_o this_o fourfold_a difference_n of_o participation_n be_v to_o be_v apply_v unto_o every_o sort_n of_o mineral_n water_n viz._n vitriolate-water_n alom-water_n lead-water_n and_o the_o like_a proposition_n v._o to_o reckon_v up_o the_o note_a difference_n of_o mineral_n water_n water_n the_o note_a difference_n of_o mineral_n water_n in_o the_o forego_n proposition_n we_o have_v explain_v the_o true_a kind_n and_o difference_n of_o mineral_n water_n take_v from_o the_o very_a essence_n of_o they_o viz._n from_o the_o particle_n of_o the_o mineral_n which_o they_o carry_v or_o by_o which_o they_o be_v impregnate_v but_o those_o difference_n because_o they_o do_v not_o so_o strike_v the_o sense_n and_o moreover_o by_o reason_n of_o the_o various_a mixture_n of_o mineral_n communicate_v various_a property_n to_o the_o water_n wherefore_o they_o be_v less_o vulgar_o know_v for_o the_o denomination_n of_o all_o body_n arise_v from_o manifest_a quality_n on_o the_o sense_n as_o also_o do_v the_o celebrity_n of_o water_n among_o man_n the_o explication_n and_o cause_n of_o which_o apart_a quality_n and_o property_n must_v be_v seek_v from_o the_o inmost_a composition_n of_o thing_n therefore_o the_o note_a and_o famous_a difference_n or_o species_n of_o liquor_n flow_v from_o the_o earth_n and_o also_o know_v to_o the_o vulgar_a sort_n of_o man_n be_v these_o ten_o to_o wit_n 1._o sowr-water_n 2._o bitter_a 3._o hot_a 4._o very_a cold_a 5._o oily_a and_o fat_a 6._o poisonous_a 7._o colour_a 8._o ebullient_a 9_o water_n that_o convert_v less_o hard_a into_o hard_a or_o after_o any_o other_o mode_n change_v any_o body_n cast_v in_o or_o stain_v with_o they_o 10._o salt-water_n and_o in_o the_o 11_o place_n we_o may_v add_v those_o which_o be_v endow_v with_o any_o other_o wonderful_a property_n unto_o these_o class_n those_o that_o be_v studious_a in_o these_o thing_n may_v reduce_v all_o water_n which_o be_v find_v describe_v in_o author_n we_o shall_v only_o in_o brief_a show_v their_o generation_n and_o difference_n and_o allege_v some_o example_n proposition_n vi_o to_o explain_v the_o cause_n or_o generation_n difference_n or_o kind_n of_o acid_n or_o sour_a water_n water_n of_o sour_a water_n great_a be_v the_o celebrity_n of_o acid_n water_n or_o spring_n they_o
common_o call_v they_o spaw_n 1._o they_o arise_v from_o the_o admixture_n of_o a_o spirit_n of_o vitriol_n salt_n and_o alom_n which_o mineral_n be_v partly_o simple_a and_o partly_o more_o or_o less_o admix_v with_o other_o mineral_n be_v find_v in_o the_o cavity_n of_o the_o earth_n especial_o in_o iron_n we_o prove_v this_o to_o be_v the_o true_a cause_n of_o acidula_n and_o spaw_v 1._o by_o reason_n that_o almost_o every_o where_o where_o such_o acid_n water_n break_v out_o mine_n of_o vitriol_n salt_n and_o alom_n be_v find_v 2._o because_o the_o spirit_n of_o vitriol_n and_o salt_n be_v acid_n as_o also_o some_o spirit_n of_o sulphur_n as_o be_v evident_a from_o chemistry_n 3._o because_o that_o from_o these_o kind_n of_o acid_n water_n no_o acid_n body_n but_o spirit_n be_v separate_v which_o be_v altogether_o like_a unto_o the_o spirit_n of_o vitriol_n and_o salt_n 2._o great_a be_v the_o quantity_n of_o acid_n water_n or_o spaw_n in_o divers_a region_n where_o mine_n especial_o abound_v the_o cause_n be_v because_o that_o a_o acid_n sour_a spirit_n be_v almost_o in_o all_o body_n by_o reason_n that_o we_o have_v show_v that_o it_o be_v elementary_a in_o the_o seven_o chapter_n and_o first_o proposition_n it_o be_v find_v in_o all_o herb_n and_o fruit_n spaw_n the_o difference_n of_o spaw_n 3._o the_o difference_n of_o spaw_n be_v find_v to_o be_v notable_a some_o be_v find_v to_o be_v so_o sharp_a or_o sour_a that_o man_n make_v use_v of_o they_o instead_o of_o vinegar_n such_o a_o spring_n be_v find_v in_o nicana_n a_o province_n of_o sicilia_n in_o germany_n the_o fountain_n at_o elleboga_n be_v of_o a_o wonderful_a acidity_n other_o acid_n spring_n be_v term_v winy_a because_o that_o by_o their_o sharpness_n they_o come_v near_o the_o grateful_a taste_n of_o wine_n among_o which_o that_o be_v famous_a which_o be_v in_o the_o earldom_n of_o catzenellebocen_n in_o germany_n at_o the_o town_n schwalbach_n in_o the_o province_n of_o lion_n in_o france_n at_o the_o town_n of_o st._n baldomare_a be_v a_o fountain_n term_v fontaine_n fort_n that_o be_v the_o strong_a fountain_n it_o supply_v the_o want_n of_o wine_n and_o if_o that_o one_o four_o part_n of_o it_o be_v mix_v with_o wine_n it_o will_v want_v nothing_o of_o the_o taste_n of_o wine_n if_o it_o be_v pour_v on_o flour_n it_o will_v present_o ferment_n they_o can_v boil_v no_o meat_n in_o it_o for_o by_o reason_n of_o its_o subtlety_n it_o fly_v away_o it_o be_v very_o wholesome_a so_o that_o the_o inhabitant_n seldom_o use_v a_o physician_n in_o aquitaine_n not_o far_o from_o the_o city_n bessa_n be_v the_o like_a winy_a sharp_a spring_n unto_o the_o water_n of_o which_o if_o that_o you_o only_o admix_v the_o six_o part_n of_o wine_n you_o will_v imagine_v that_o you_o drink_v pure_a wine_n without_o any_o admixture_n of_o water_n nigh_o to_o rome_n be_v a_o alomy_a sharp_a fountain_n which_o be_v mix_v with_o wine_n make_v a_o very_a grateful_a drink_n great_a be_v the_o number_n of_o acid_n spring_v in_o the_o upper_a germany_n whereof_o some_o flow_n into_o the_o danube_n and_o other_o into_o the_o rhine_n very_o many_o be_v in_o the_o forementioned_a earldom_n of_o catzenelleboch_n in_o the_o province_n of_o trier_n in_o tirolis_n rhaetia_n vindelicia_n a_o note_v one_fw-mi be_v near_a anderna_n call_v heilbrun_n in_o the_o province_n of_o toledo_n in_o spain_n near_o the_o village_n valentiola_n be_v spring_n which_o at_o the_o bottom_n be_v find_v acid_n and_o of_o a_o winy_a taste_n and_o in_o the_o upper_a part_n sweet_a which_o baccius_n think_v to_o happen_v because_o that_o the_o nitrous_a and_o acid_n part_n do_v subside_o and_o sink_v to_o the_o bottom_n but_o i_o suppose_v if_o that_o the_o relation_n be_v true_a that_o it_o proceed_v from_o the_o subtlety_n of_o the_o spirit_n which_o be_v bring_v to_o the_o superficies_n present_o do_v expire_v other_o acid_n fountain_n be_v astringent_a and_o contract_v the_o palate_n which_o be_v a_o token_n of_o iron_n particle_n or_o of_o the_o admixture_n of_o vitriol_n as_o also_o of_o alom_n the_o water_n of_o acid_n fountain_n in_o rainy_n and_o cloudy_a weather_n be_v find_v less_o acid_n which_o be_v a_o sign_n of_o a_o admixture_n of_o condensated_a air._n also_o if_o that_o the_o water_n be_v expose_v to_o heat_n or_o if_o it_o stand_v in_o a_o open_a vessel_n for_o some_o hour_n or_o if_o it_o be_v carry_v a_o long_a voyage_n not_o well_o cover_v in_o cold_a vessel_n it_o present_o lose_v its_o acidity_n which_o be_v a_o sign_n that_o the_o acidity_n of_o they_o depend_v on_o a_o subtle_a spirit_n yet_o they_o also_o have_v atom_n and_o the_o very_a vitriol_n alom_n iron_n salt_n gravel_n and_o the_o like_a this_o be_v prove_v from_o the_o matter_n that_o be_v discover_v to_o adhere_v to_o the_o conduit-pipe_n the_o studious_a may_v collect_v example_n by_o read_v of_o author_n at_o least_o two_o hundred_o acid_n spring_n or_o riveret_n run_v into_o the_o rhine_n but_o by_o reason_n of_o the_o subtlety_n of_o the_o spirit_n nothing_o of_o acidity_n be_v discover_v in_o the_o rhine_n do_v you_o demand_v why_o there_o be_v no_o acid_n fountain_n in_o the_o northern_a place_n i_o suppose_v that_o cause_n to_o be_v the_o defect_n of_o subterraneous_a heat_n and_o a_o over_o great_a condensation_n of_o the_o earth_n as_o also_o for_o that_o cause_n it_o come_v to_o pass_v that_o little_a or_o no_o gold_n be_v find_v in_o those_o region_n proposition_n viii_o to_o explain_v the_o generation_n of_o hot_a spring_n term_v bath_n and_o the_o place_n of_o the_o more_o famous_a of_o they_o bath_n of_o the_o generation_n of_o hot_a spring_n or_o bath_n a_o spring_n in_o izland_n be_v judge_v the_o most_o fervid_v of_o they_o all_o who_o water_n little_o differ_v from_o that_o which_o have_v arrive_v to_o the_o high_a degree_n of_o heat_n and_o boil_a on_o the_o fire_n but_o caronius_n write_v that_o in_o japan_n there_o be_v a_o spring_n so_o hot_a that_o no_o water_n can_v be_v bring_v to_o that_o degree_n of_o heat_n by_o the_o most_o vehement_a fire_n it_o flow_v not_o continual_o but_o twice_o in_o a_o day_n for_o one_o hour_n with_o a_o great_a force_n of_o spirit_n and_o make_v a_o great_a pool_n which_o another_o have_v inform_v i_o to_o be_v call_v by_o the_o native_n singacko_n that_o be_v hell_n after_o those_o the_o hot_a fountain_n or_o bath_n of_o baden_n in_o helvetia_n be_v famous_a then_o the_o bath_n of_o appona_n in_o italy_n of_o vulgar_a bath_n there_o be_v a_o great_a number_n in_o the_o upper_a germany_n as_o also_o in_o other_o place_n in_o scotland_n be_v the_o lake_n and_o river_n nessa_n which_o be_v not_o hot_a yet_o it_o be_v never_o congeal_v with_o cold._n the_o cause_n and_o generation_n of_o bath_n be_v first_o the_o admixture_n of_o sulphureous_a particle_n whilst_o the_o water_n be_v carry_v through_o subterraneous_a passage_n or_o rather_o whilst_o that_o it_o glide_v through_o the_o sulphureous_a mine_n to_o a_o collection_n about_o the_o spring_n 2._o the_o vapour_n of_o smoke_n and_o exhalation_n within_o the_o earth_n where_o sulphur_n be_v pure_a or_o impure_a as_o peat_n coal_n amber_n and_o the_o like_a for_o these_o material_n continual_o send_v forth_o a_o calid_a or_o warm_a fume_n which_o heat_n the_o water_n carry_v thither_o or_o glide_v through_o those_o place_n yet_o particle_n of_o alom_n be_v admix_v to_o many_o nay_o the_o most_o bath_n as_o also_o of_o iron_n and_o niter_n whence_o they_o have_v somewhat_o a_o sharp_a and_o astringent_a taste_n or_o sapour_fw-la almost_o all_o the_o bath_n which_o we_o know_v flow_v without_o cease_v except_o the_o pepper-bath_n of_o germany_n which_o be_v famous_a in_o rhetia_n not_o far_o from_o curia_n and_o beside_o sulphur_n they_o contain_v something_o of_o gold_n and_o not_o a_o little_a niter_fw-la the_o water_n of_o these_o bath_n break_v out_o every_o year_n about_o the_o three_o of_o may_n and_o it_o cease_v to_o flow_v about_o the_o fourteen_o of_o september_n the_o famous_a bath_n in_o germany_n be_v the_o plumbariae_n in_o lorraine_n emsebadae_n above_o constantina_n in_o alsatia_n near_o gebersweil_n in_o the_o marquisate_n of_o bada_fw-es wildbad_n in_o the_o dukedom_n of_o wertebergh_n the_o blasianae_n near_o tubin_n there_o be_v many_o also_o in_o japan_n and_o the_o indian_a isle_n there_o be_v such_o hot_a one_o in_o the_o island_n of_o the_o azore_n that_o a_o egg_n may_v be_v boil_a in_o they_o proposition_n ix_o to_o explain_v the_o generation_n of_o oily_a and_o fat_a liquor_n flow_v from_o the_o earth_n and_o to_o enumerate_v the_o place_n of_o the_o earth_n in_o which_o they_o be_v find_v liquor_n of_o oily_a liquor_n some_o fountain_n send_v forth_o a_o bituminous_a liquor_n some_o a_o fat_a water_n or_o
water_n on_o which_o drop_v of_o oil_n do_v flow_v in_o scotland_n two_o mile_n from_o edinburgh_n a_o fountain_n flow_v on_o the_o whole_a superficies_n of_o which_o drop_v of_o black_a oil_n do_v swim_v the_o inhabitant_n use_v it_o to_o mollify_v the_o skin_n and_o to_o take_v away_o scab_n so_o the_o river_n cilicia_n term_v liparis_n be_v famous_a among_o the_o ancient_n in_o which_o those_o that_o wash_v themselves_o be_v anoint_a by_o the_o water_n whether_o it_o be_v so_o at_o this_o day_n i_o much_o doubt_n so_o likewise_o there_o be_v a_o lake_n in_o aethiopia_n which_o anoint_v those_o that_o swim_v it_o also_o there_o be_v a_o fountain_n in_o india_n which_o on_o a_o clear_a day_n send_v forth_o a_o great_a quantity_n of_o oil_n in_o zant_n and_o about_o dyrrachium_fw-la and_o appallonia_n as_o vitruvius_n write_v there_o be_v fountain_n which_o vomit_v out_o abundance_n of_o pitch_n with_o water_n there_o be_v a_o lake_n in_o babylon_n of_o great_a magnitude_n call_v limb_n asphaltis_n it_o have_v liquid_a bitumen_n swim_v upon_o it_o with_o which_o the_o black_a semiramis_n encompass_v babylon_n with_o a_o wall_n at_o this_o day_n also_o at_o monasterium_fw-la in_o bavaria_n be_v the_o fountain_n degemsce_fw-mi on_o the_o top_n of_o which_o oil_n swim_v and_o be_v daily_o take_v off_o the_o acid_n water_n of_o schwalback_n if_o they_o be_v take_v in_o a_o vessel_n and_o have_v be_v settle_v for_o some_o day_n small_a drop_n of_o oil_n swim_v on_o the_o top_n of_o they_o there_o be_v a_o great_a quantity_n in_o the_o fountain_n term_v oelbrum_n not_o far_o from_o hagenaw_n at_o the_o village_n lamperscholch_n also_o in_o the_o many_o bath_n be_v find_v bituminous_a particle_n if_o so_o be_v that_o they_o stand_v quiet_a for_o some_o day_n as_o in_o the_o bath_n of_o the_o kingdom_n of_o naples_n term_v the_o bath_n of_o petrolei_n now_o the_o fountain_n that_o send_v out_o not_o a_o oil_n swim_v on_o the_o water_n but_o a_o mere_a fat_a or_o bituminous_a liquor_n be_v also_o many_o near_a gersbachium_n in_o the_o valley_n call_v lebersthal_n from_o a_o antiquate_a and_o exhaust_v i_o oil_n or_o bitumen_n flow_v with_o which_o the_o country_n swain_n besmear_v their_o cart-wheel_n neither_o do_v the_o inhabitant_n know_v its_o excellency_n in_o the_o isle_n of_o sumatra_n be_v a_o spring_n from_o which_o naptha_n like_v unto_o oil_n flow_v other_o say_v that_o it_o be_v a_o kind_n of_o balsam_n they_o report_v fountain_n of_o amber_n to_o be_v there_o likewise_o in_o peru_n near_o the_o sea_n be_v a_o bituminous_a fountain_n send_v forth_o a_o branch_n or_o riveret_n into_o the_o sea_n the_o native_n use_v it_o instead_o of_o pitch_n neither_o do_v they_o use_v any_o other_o matter_n in_o persia_n not_o far_o from_o schimachia_n at_o or_o near_o the_o high_a mountain_n barmach_n in_o a_o valley_n be_v about_o thirty_o fountain_n of_o bitumen_n or_o naptha_n but_o run_v in_o deep_a well_n with_o a_o great_a force_n the_o depth_n be_v about_o two_o ell_n wooden_a step_n be_v make_v for_o the_o conveniency_n of_o descent_n it_o send_v forth_o a_o sulphureous_a and_o strong_a spirit_n it_o be_v of_o a_o twofold_a colour_n in_o some_o red_a in_o other_o white_z the_o cause_n of_o these_o bituminous_a fountain_n be_v a_o sulphureous_a and_o bituminous_a matter_n in_o the_o bowel_n of_o the_o earth_n thrust_v forth_o by_o a_o heat_n and_o spirit_n the_o cause_n of_o the_o difference_n be_v to_o be_v seek_v from_o the_o difference_n of_o the_o fat_a matter_n themselves_o as_o succinum_fw-la amber_n oil_n of_o petrolei_n pitch_n naptha_n and_o the_o like_a proposition_n x._o to_o explain_v the_o generation_n of_o bitter_a water_n and_o to_o reckon_v up_o the_o place_n of_o the_o earth_n in_o which_o they_o be_v find_v find_v of_o the_o generation_n of_o bitter_a water_n and_o the_o place_n where_o they_o be_v find_v many_o fountain_n and_o well_n in_o the_o region_n of_o india_n on_o the_o choromandel_n have_v bitter_a water_n although_o that_o they_o ebulliate_v in_o and_o flow_v from_o rock_n in_o pontus_n a_o region_n of_o asia_n minor_a a_o little_a river_n term_v exampeus_n at_o the_o town_n callipadus_n be_v very_o bitter_a it_o render_v the_o river_n hypanis_n into_o which_o it_o flow_v also_o very_o bitter_a they_o arise_v from_o impure_a sulphur_n bitumen_n nitre_n ink_n copper_n as_o water_v leave_v a_o long_a time_n in_o a_o copper_n vessel_n acquire_v a_o bitter_a taste_n the_o lake_n asphaltites_n in_o palestine_n which_o be_v call_v mare_n mortuum_n or_o the_o dead_a sea_n have_v a_o bitter_a water_n by_o reason_n of_o the_o impure_a bitumen_n whence_o it_o ought_v to_o be_v refer_v to_o the_o fat_a water_n of_o the_o former_a proposition_n it_o send_v forth_o a_o stink_a scent_n and_o vapour_n all_o thing_n without_o life_n sink_v to_o the_o bottom_n but_o it_o suffer_v not_o any_o animal_n to_o sink_v neither_o do_v it_o grow_v sweet_a although_o that_o it_o continual_o swallow_v up_o the_o river_n jordan_n it_o be_v venomous_a by_o reason_n that_o it_o contain_v arsenic_n proposition_n xi_o the_fw-mi explain_v the_o cause_n of_o very_o cold_a spring_n and_o to_o enumerate_v the_o place_n of_o the_o earth_n where_o they_o be_v find_v spring_n the_o cause_n of_o cold_a spring_n in_o the_o province_n of_o dauphin_n in_o france_n not_o far_o from_o vienna_n be_v a_o fountain_n of_o so_o great_a cold_a that_o the_o mouth_n of_o those_o that_o drink_v it_o be_v swell_v with_o it_o neither_o can_v they_o endure_v their_o hand_n in_o it_o it_o be_v not_o diminish_v for_o the_o water_n that_o be_v draw_v out_o of_o it_o nor_o augment_v by_o the_o water_n pour_v into_o it_o in_o arabia_n or_o aethiopia_n be_v most_o cold_a spring_n although_o that_o the_o heat_n of_o the_o sun_n be_v most_o excessive_a there_o in_o stiria_n not_o far_o from_o gretz_n be_v fountain_n so_o cold_a at_o the_o bottom_n that_o none_o can_v drink_v any_o water_n run_v or_o draw_v from_o thence_o in_o a_o mile_n from_o calma_n a_o spring_n send_v forth_o water_n as_o it_o be_v boil_v with_o a_o great_a wind_n when_o yet_o it_o be_v very_o cold_a hence_o they_o call_v it_o the_o mad_a water_n the_o cause_n of_o the_o coldness_n of_o these_o fountain_n be_v 1._o the_o admixture_n of_o nitre_n and_o alom_n also_o of_o mercury_n iron_n and_o the_o like_a 2._o the_o depth_n of_o the_o spring_n by_o reason_n of_o the_o defect_n of_o the_o solary_a beam_n and_o of_o the_o sulphureous_a subterraneous_a heat_n there_o be_v also_o some_o spring_n which_o be_v sometime_o cold_a and_o sometime_o hot_a in_o gatalonia_n the_o lake_n and_o fountain_n salsula_n in_o the_o winter_n be_v hot_a and_o in_o the_o summer_n very_o cold_a this_o be_v common_a to_o it_o with_o many_o other_o i_o think_v the_o cause_n to_o be_v that_o in_o the_o summer_n the_o pore_n of_o the_o earth_n be_v open_a through_o which_o the_o hot_a spirit_n break_v forth_o in_o the_o winter_n they_o be_v close_v whence_o within_o there_o be_v hot_a furnace_n that_o heat_v the_o water_n so_o some_o fountain_n be_v more_o hot_a in_o the_o night_n than_o in_o the_o day_n proposition_n xii_o to_o explain_v the_o generation_n of_o those_o water_n which_o seem_v to_o change_v body_n into_o another_o kind_n and_o to_o reckon_v up_o the_o place_n of_o the_o earth_n where_o they_o be_v find_v there_o be_v some_o water_n which_o change_v wood_n into_o the_o hard_a stone_n in_o ireland_n etc._n of_o the_o generation_n of_o water_n which_o change_v body_n into_o another_o kind_n etc._n etc._n above_o the_o city_n armagh_n in_o a_o pool_n not_o very_o large_a a_o stake_n of_o wood_n if_o it_o be_v fix_v for_o some_o month_n the_o part_n that_o stick_v in_o the_o mud_n will_v be_v iron_n the_o part_n which_o be_v touch_v with_o the_o water_n be_v turn_v into_o stone_n and_o the_o rest_n remain_v wood_n so_o giraldus_n and_o maginus_fw-la relate_fw-la but_o brietius_n say_v i_o know_v not_o by_o what_o authority_n that_o it_o be_v a_o mere_a fable_n the_o water_n of_o loches_n in_o blois_n a_o province_n in_o france_n turn_v all_o thing_n put_v into_o it_o into_o stone_n at_o the_o city_n senon_n in_o burgundia_n near_o a_o lake_n a_o spring_n flow_v which_o harden_v into_o stone_n vitruvius_n say_v that_o in_o cappadocia_n between_o mazaca_n and_o tuana_n be_v a_o large_a lake_n which_o change_v a_o reed_n or_o wood_n put_v into_o it_o in_o one_o day_n into_o stone_n in_o bohemia_n near_o the_o bath_n of_o charles_n be_v a_o fountain_n in_o which_o wood_n lie_v long_o be_v change_v into_o stone_n other_o water_n be_v think_v to_o change_v iron_n into_o copper_n which_o yet_o real_o they_o do_v not_o but_o by_o reason_n that_o water_n themselves_o carry_v particle_n and_o spirit_n of_o copper_n
and_o vitriol_n therefore_o they_o dissolve_v the_o particle_n of_o iron_n and_o by_o degree_n take_v away_o from_o it_o which_o whilst_o that_o they_o do_v the_o copper_n particle_n of_o the_o water_n be_v repose_v in_o the_o place_n of_o the_o iron_n once_o take_v away_o or_o there_o adhere_v whilst_o that_o they_o glide_v with_o the_o run_v water_n the_o reason_n of_o those_o that_o change_n wood_n into_o stone_n be_v these_o 1._o some_o do_v not_o change_v the_o wood_n itself_o into_o stone_n but_o earthy_a stony_a and_o saline_a particle_n contain_v in_o the_o water_n do_v apply_v themselves_o to_o the_o wood_n and_o so_o as_o it_o be_v cover_v the_o wood_n with_o a_o stony_a crust_n and_o do_v not_o real_o change_v it_o 2._o some_o do_v not_o change_v the_o wood_n into_o stone_n but_o cause_n a_o stony_a hardness_n to_o the_o wood_n which_o some_o mineral_n water_n may_v possible_o do_v 3._o if_o that_o some_o water_n have_v true_o change_v wood_n into_o stone_n i_o conceive_v it_o to_o be_v do_v after_o this_o manner_n that_o chief_a difference_n be_v find_v by_o sight_n between_o the_o wood_n and_o the_o stone_n that_o in_o the_o wood_n there_o be_v certain_a long_a fibres_n or_o vein_n unto_o which_o the_o particle_n do_v cohere_v and_o those_o be_v less_o thick_a but_o in_o stone_n the_o particle_n be_v like_a unto_o atom_n without_o any_o certain_a extension_n into_o long_a fibres_n if_o that_o therefore_o any_o water_n dissolve_v and_o as_o it_o be_v grind_v the_o particle_n cohere_v in_o the_o wood_n according_a to_o a_o long_a line_n so_o that_o now_o they_o do_v no_o more_o cohere_v after_o this_o mode_n but_o yet_o be_v more_o condense_v there_o will_v be_v no_o more_o any_o great_a difference_n between_o the_o wood_n and_o stone_n as_o may_v be_v observe_v by_o our_o eye_n yet_o it_o be_v probable_a that_o these_o mineral_n water_n communicate_v some_o substance_n to_o the_o wood_n itself_o there_o be_v other_o water_n who_o faculty_n be_v report_v to_o be_v able_a to_o change_v the_o colour_n in_o the_o hair_n of_o man_n or_o beast_n proposition_n xiii_o to_o explain_v the_o cause_n of_o poisonous_a and_o death-causing_a water_n and_o to_o reckon_v up_o the_o place_n where_o they_o be_v water_n of_o poisonous_a water_n such_o be_v the_o lake_n asphaltites_n by_o reason_n of_o its_o arsenical_a bitumen_n in_o time_n past_a famous_a be_v the_o fountain_n of_o terracina_n which_o be_v call_v neptunicus_n in_o the_o region_n of_o the_o volsci_n of_o which_o those_o that_o drink_v be_v deprive_v of_o their_o life_n therefore_o it_o be_v fill_v up_o with_o stone_n by_o the_o inhabitant_n in_o thessalia_n a_o fountain_n spring_v of_o which_o no_o cattle_n drink_v nor_o no_o kind_n of_o beast_n approach_v famous_a or_o rather_o infamous_a be_v the_o water_n which_o in_o the_o region_n of_o arcadia_n call_v nonacris_n the_o ancient_n write_v to_o drop_v exceed_o cold_a from_o stony_a rock_n therefore_o call_v the_o infernal_a and_o stygian_a water_n which_o no_o vessel_n either_o of_o silver_n brass_n or_o iron_n can_v be_v preserve_v in_o without_o break_v and_o by_o this_o water_n historian_n report_v that_o alexander_n the_o great_a be_v kill_v by_o jolla_n son_n of_o antipater_n and_o that_o not_o without_o the_o infamy_n of_o aristotle_n at_o this_o day_n many_o mortiferous_a water_n be_v find_v in_o the_o place_n or_o region_n call_v the_o alps_n but_o most_o of_o they_o be_v stop_v with_o stone_n which_o be_v the_o reason_n that_o so_o few_o death-causing_a fountain_n be_v know_v now_o the_o generation_n of_o such_o water_n be_v if_o the_o water_n glide_v or_o flow_v through_o arsenical_a mercurial_a or_o antimonial_a earth_n and_o be_v impregnate_v with_o their_o fume_n for_o as_o the_o smoke_n or_o fume_n of_o arsenic_n kill_v live_v creature_n so_o water_v impregnate_v with_o such_o a_o fume_n do_v the_o same_o proposition_n fourteen_o to_o explain_v the_o generation_n of_o colour_a water_n and_o their_o difference_n and_o to_o enumerate_v the_o place_n of_o the_o earth_n in_o which_o they_o be_v find_v at_o chinen_n in_o france_n water_n flow_v from_o a_o cave_n of_o somewhat_o a_o yellowish_a colour_n water_n of_o colour_a water_n in_o the_o kingdom_n of_o congo_n a_o riveret_n flow_v of_o a_o red_a colour_n into_o the_o sea_n in_o some_o place_n water_n flow_v of_o a_o black_a of_o a_o green_a and_o such_o like_a colour_n but_o they_o be_v but_o few_o the_o cause_n of_o the_o colour_n of_o these_o water_n be_v that_o they_o glide_v or_o run_v from_o land_n before_o they_o come_v to_o the_o fountain_n proposition_n xv._o to_o explain_v the_o generation_n of_o salt-water_n and_o to_o reckon_v up_o the_o place_n of_o the_o earth_n in_o which_o they_o be_v find_v salt-water_n of_o the_o generation_n of_o salt-water_n the_o generation_n be_v twofold_a 1._o from_o the_o ocean_n they_o come_v through_o subterraneous_a passage_n and_o flow_v to_o the_o superficies_n of_o the_o earth_n 2._o they_o be_v generate_v of_o a_o salt_n contain_v in_o the_o earth_n such_o as_o be_v find_v in_o many_o place_n through_o which_o whilst_o the_o water_n glide_v it_o conceive_v saline_n particle_n and_o spirit_n before_o that_o it_o arrive_v at_o the_o spring_n great_a be_v the_o plenty_n and_o that_o know_v to_o every_o one_o of_o salt_n fountain_n we_o have_v speak_v in_o the_o precede_a chapter_n and_o this_o matter_n be_v easy_o know_v by_o reason_n of_o the_o abundance_n of_o salt_n almost_o every_o where_o lie_v hide_v in_o the_o earth_n see_v that_o salt_n itself_o be_v a_o element_n proposition_n xvi_o to_o explain_v the_o cause_n of_o ebullient_a fountain_n and_o those_o that_o break_v out_o with_o a_o great_a spirit_n and_o wind_n and_o to_o enumerate_v the_o place_n of_o the_o earth_n wherein_o they_o be_v find_v the_o cause_n be_v partly_o a_o sulphureous_a spirit_n and_o partly_o a_o nitrous_a spirit_n commix_v with_o water_n in_o the_o earth_n fountain_n of_o ebullient_a fountain_n if_o that_o it_o be_v a_o sulphureous_a spirit_n the_o water_n be_v hot_a if_o nitrous_a cold_a for_o neither_o be_v all_o the_o water_n which_o ebulliate_v like_a to_o those_o that_o be_v hot_a hot_a but_o many_o of_o they_o be_v cold_a as_o be_v evident_a from_o that_o near_a to_o culma_n call_v a_o mad_a water_n of_o which_o we_o have_v speak_v in_o the_o twelve_o proposition_n the_o river_n tamayus_n in_o galaecia_n arise_v from_o a_o lake_n in_o its_o rise_n for_o some_o month_n of_o the_o year_n it_o send_v forth_o a_o mighty_a noise_n in_o japan_n that_o wonderful_a hot_a fountain_n of_o which_o we_o have_v speak_v in_o the_o eight_o proposition_n not_o above_o twice_o every_o day_n break_v forth_o for_o the_o most_o part_n for_o one_o hour_n now_o when_o that_o the_o water_n begin_v to_o flow_v it_o be_v carry_v with_o so_o great_a a_o force_n and_o vehemency_n of_o wind_n that_o it_o move_v the_o vast_a stone_n incumbent_a on_o the_o well_o and_o leap_v to_o the_o height_n of_o three_o or_o four_o ell_n with_o so_o great_a a_o noise_n like_v unto_o the_o discharge_n of_o cannon_n in_o westphalia_n a_o fountain_n break_v forth_o term_v bolderborn_n from_o its_o noise_n most_o of_o the_o spaw_n and_o bath_n break_v forth_o with_o a_o abundance_n of_o wind_n and_o ebulliate_v as_o if_o they_o boil_a a_o sulphureous_a spirit_n cause_v this_o in_o the_o bath_n and_o in_o the_o spaw_n the_o spirit_n of_o vitriol_n nitre_n and_o the_o like_a proposition_n xvii_o to_o enumerate_v the_o kind_n of_o water_n which_o have_v other_o certain_a wonderful_a property_n and_o to_o explain_v the_o cause_n of_o they_o unto_o this_o classis_fw-la all_o other_o ought_v to_o be_v reduce_v which_o can_v convenient_o be_v refer_v unto_o the_o former_a sort_n property_n other_o kind_n of_o water_n of_o wonderful_a property_n so_o there_o be_v a_o fountain_n in_o portugal_n term_v cadina_fw-la devour_v all_o that_o be_v cast_v into_o it_o also_o in_o time_n pass_v there_o be_v another_o near_a to_o it_o reject_v all_o thing_n cast_v into_o it_o but_o this_o latter_a be_v obstruct_v in_o andalusia_n not_o far_o from_o the_o city_n guadiana_n eusebius_n nierenburgius_n relate_v that_o there_o be_v a_o lake_n which_o show_v the_o season_n or_o tempest_n for_o when_o that_o this_o be_v approach_v it_o make_v a_o horrible_a noise_n which_o be_v oftentimes_o hear_v for_o the_o space_n of_o 18_o or_o 20_o mile_n in_o calais_n in_o france_n be_v a_o well_o into_o which_o if_o that_o a_o stone_n be_v cast_v in_o a_o noise_n will_v be_v hear_v like_o thunder_n in_o the_o cavity_n of_o the_o well_o in_o the_o alps_n be_v wells_n who_o water_n be_v drink_v off_o contract_v swell_n of_o a_o great_a bigness_n hang_v from_o their_o neck_n in_o the_o kingdom_n of_o granada_n at_o the_o town_n antiquarius_fw-la be_v
strait_n 4._o river_n 5._o lake_n 6._o pool_n and_o 7._o marsh_n 1._o marsh_n may_v be_v exsiccate_v or_o drain_v either_o by_o subduction_n of_o the_o water_n or_o by_o exsiccation_n of_o the_o earth_n as_o none_o can_v doubt_v for_o in_o many_o region_n the_o soil_n be_v fruitful_a where_o there_o be_v marsh_n some_o year_n since_o as_o in_o westphalia_n gelderland_n brabant_n holland_n muscovia_n 2._o the_o same_o be_v the_o account_n of_o pool_n see_v that_o they_o differ_v not_o much_o from_o marsh_n proposition_n v._o rivers_n leave_v their_o channel_n or_o shoar_n that_o be_v part_n of_o their_o channel_n and_o afford_v new_a land_n land_n river_n quit_v their_o shoar_n and_o afford_v new_a land_n 1._o if_o that_o they_o carry_v much_o terrestrial_a matter_n sand_n or_o gravel_n with_o they_o which_o sink_v to_o the_o bottom_n in_o progress_n of_o they_o time_n so_o augment_v the_o altitude_n of_o the_o channel_n that_o it_o be_v no_o more_o depress_v than_o that_o place_n from_o whence_o the_o water_n flow_v from_o the_o vicine_fw-la earth_n but_o if_o that_o that_o matter_n sink_v into_o one_o place_n in_o part_n of_o the_o channel_n it_o will_v separate_v one_o part_n which_o then_o at_o length_n will_v be_v dry_v up_o 2._o if_o that_o the_o river_n take_v another_o channel_n whether_o it_o be_v do_v by_o art_n or_o nature_n and_o a_o violent_a cause_n as_o by_o wind_n inundation_n or_o the_o like_a 3._o if_o the_o spring_n of_o the_o river_n be_v obstruct_v or_o cease_v to_o send_v forth_o water_n the_o earth_n be_v fall_v in_o or_o condensated_a or_o a_o great_a quantity_n of_o sand_n be_v drive_v by_o the_o wind_n into_o the_o fountain_n or_o adjacent_a place_n example_n of_o river_n who_o channel_n be_v exsiccate_v at_o this_o time_n either_o in_o whole_a or_o in_o part_n be_v every_o where_o obvious_a in_o writer_n yet_o not_o of_o great_a river_n but_o of_o small_a or_o of_o the_o part_n of_o any_o great_a river_n so_o a_o channel_n of_o a_o 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in_o many_o place_n but_o great_a river_n can_v be_v dry_v up_o or_o change_v into_o land_n except_o in_o many_o age_n because_o that_o many_o lesser_a river_n flow_v from_o divers_a part_n make_v they_o of_o which_o though_o some_o may_v be_v dry_v up_o or_o change_v their_o course_n yet_o all_o do_v not_o suffer_v the_o same_o except_o in_o a_o long_a space_n of_o time_n and_o the_o channel_n be_v deep_a but_o one_o heap_n or_o ridge_n of_o sand_n may_v cause_v the_o river_n to_o run_v through_o another_o channel_n and_o the_o former_a to_o be_v dry_v up_o yet_o it_o take_v not_o away_o the_o river_n except_o the_o fountain_n or_o branch_n of_o it_o be_v obstruct_v therefore_o it_o be_v true_a that_o neither_o the_o nile_n tanais_n albis_n or_o the_o rhine_n or_o other_o river_n always_o flow_v or_o shall_v perpetual_o flow_v but_o that_o there_o be_v earth_n before_o and_o shall_v be_v afterward_o where_o they_o now_o flow_v proposition_n vi_o lake_n be_v dry_v up_o and_o change_v into_o land_n land_n lake_n dry_v up_o and_o change_v into_o land_n 1._o if_o that_o a_o lake_n be_v constitute_v from_o river_n that_o flow_v in_o that_o mutation_n be_v make_v by_o the_o abduction_n withdraw_a or_o cessation_n of_o the_o river_n and_o also_o by_o evaporation_n 2._o if_o that_o a_o lake_n receive_v water_n by_o a_o subterraneous_a passage_n from_o the_o ocean_n or_o sea_n there_o will_v be_v a_o mutation_n of_o that_o lake_n after_o that_o those_o subterraneous_a passage_n be_v obstruct_v and_o so_o lake_n be_v first_o change_v into_o stand_a pool_n and_o marsh_n then_o at_o length_n into_o dry_a land_n it_o be_v evident_a say_v aristotle_n that_o because_o a_o force_n of_o water_n have_v bring_v in_o mud_n or_o something_o of_o that_o sort_n he_o speak_v of_o lake_n make_v of_o river_n therefore_o stand_v pool_n be_v make_v and_o the_o earth_n be_v dry_a and_o that_o their_o water_n be_v leave_v and_o stand_a in_o succession_n of_o time_n it_o be_v exsiccate_v and_o altogether_o vanish_v so_o the_o land_n that_o touch_v upon_o the_o lake_n maeotis_n by_o the_o soil_n bring_v down_o by_o the_o river_n be_v increase_v so_o much_o that_o ship_n now_o far_o less_o than_o those_o about_o 60_o year_n since_o for_o traffic_v sake_n enter_v into_o it_o there_o be_v many_o example_n find_v of_o small_a lake_n change_v into_o dry_a land_n especial_o in_o holland_n proposition_n vii_o strait_n be_v exsiccate_v and_o change_v into_o isthmuss_n or_o continent_n that_o happen_v streights_n streights_n when_o that_o by_o reason_n of_o the_o continual_a sink_v of_o the_o terrestrial_a matter_n make_v in_o a_o long_a time_n the_o channel_n of_o the_o straight_o be_v become_v so_o high_a that_o it_o deni_v a_o passage_n to_o the_o sea_n so_o it_o be_v very_o probable_a that_o the_o isthmus_n between_o africa_n and_o asia_n be_v a_o straight_a by_o which_o the_o mediterranean_a and_o red-sea_n be_v conjoin_v as_o we_o shall_v show_v in_o the_o follow_a proposition_n in_o many_o strait_n at_o this_o day_n the_o altitude_n of_o the_o sea_n and_o the_o altitude_n of_o the_o channel_n be_v find_v lesser_a than_o in_o former_a time_n which_o be_v a_o certain_a token_n that_o those_o strait_n shall_v have_v no_o water_n in_o they_o in_o the_o time_n to_o come_v and_o shall_v be_v change_v into_o a_o dry_a isthmus_n so_o the_o straight_a through_o which_o the_o atlantic_a ocean_n make_v a_o gulf_n which_o the_o hollander_n call_v snyder-zee_a and_o the_o texell_n at_o this_o day_n receive_v no_o large_a land_n ship_n and_o the_o depth_n of_o the_o sea_n be_v every_o year_n find_v lesser_a and_o the_o land_n high_o therefore_o where_o the_o water_n be_v at_o the_o texell_n there_o after_o some_o age_n will_v be_v dry_a land_n concern_v the_o vlier_n the_o same_o in_o time_n to_o come_v will_v also_o happen_v proposition_n viii_o the_o bay_n or_o gulf_n which_o the_o ocean_n make_v between_o the_o mid-land_n in_o course_n of_o time_n do_v become_v dry_a place_n land_n bay_n or_o gulf_n in_o time_n do_v become_v dry_a land_n this_o be_v do_v by_o a_o double_a cause_n 1._o if_o that_o the_o straight_a by_o which_o the_o bay_n be_v conjoin_v to_o the_o ocean_n become_v a_o isthmus_n or_o else_o be_v stop_v by_o sand_n and_o gravel_n which_o be_v do_v in_o progress_n of_o time_n as_o we_o have_v say_v in_o the_o precede_a proposition_n for_o by_o this_o cause_n the_o bay_n of_o the_o ocean_n and_o a_o part_n or_o member_n of_o it_o shall_v be_v cut_v off_o from_o the_o body_n and_o shall_v become_v a_o lake_n and_o then_o a_o stand_a pool_n and_o marish_a and_o by_o exsiccation_n become_v earth_n and_o no_o water_n shall_v be_v see_v there_o 2._o if_o that_o the_o very_a channel_n of_o the_o bay_n become_v high_o by_o reason_n of_o the_o river_n flow_v into_o it_o and_z carrying_z sand_n along_o with_o it_o that_o it_o in_o time_n can_v receive_v the_o sea_n so_o by_o degree_n the_o sea_n will_v recede_v from_o the_o shore_n of_o that_o bay_n therefore_o the_o mediterranean_a the_o baltic_a the_o red_a persian_a and_o other_o sea_n that_o be_v bay_n of_o the_o ocean_n will_v cease_v in_o time_n to_o be_v sea_n and_o will_v be_v change_v into_o land_n which_o shall_v be_v full_o prove_v in_o the_o follow_a proposition_n proposition_n ix_o the_o ocean_n for_o sake_v some_o shore_n or_o coast_n so_o that_o it_o become_v land_n where_o the_o ocean_n former_o be_v shore_n where_o the_o ocean_n former_o be_v be_v now_o land_n by_o its_o forsake_v the_o shore_n that_o happen_v for_o these_o cause_n 1._o if_o that_o the_o force_n of_o water_n be_v break_v at_o the_o shore_n by_o rock_n here_o and_o there_o on_o the_o coast_n or_o cliff_n in_o the_o sea_n for_o that_o
force_n be_v break_v the_o terrestrial_a part_n of_o the_o water_n subside_o and_o sink_v and_o augment_v the_o altitude_n of_o the_o bank_n of_o sand_n whence_o it_o come_v to_o pass_v that_o the_o impetus_fw-la of_o the_o ocean_n be_v more_o and_o more_o break_a and_o therefore_o more_o terrestrial_a matter_n subside_v so_o that_o the_o ridge_n be_v augment_v they_o exclude_v the_o ocean_n or_o make_v the_o channel_n more_o shallow_a 2._o it_o conduce_v much_o to_o the_o augmentation_n of_o the_o shore_n if_o that_o the_o shore_n be_v sandy_a and_o stony_a that_o the_o ocean_n run_v by_o can_v separate_v or_o take_v away_o little_a with_o it_o so_o that_o when_o it_o can_v take_v away_o nothing_o it_o always_o leave_v some_o particle_n that_o in_o progress_n of_o time_n the_o shore_n become_v more_o high_a and_o force_n or_o stop_v the_o ocean_n from_o its_o accustom_a place_n 3._o if_o that_o another_o adjacent_a shore_n have_v less_o solid_a earth_n that_o be_v light_a and_o full_a of_o cavern_n for_o the_o ocean_n carry_v the_o dissolve_a and_o break_a part_n of_o earth_n to_o the_o vicine_fw-la shore_n 4._o if_o that_o great_a river_n discharge_v themselves_o by_o the_o shore_n into_o that_o sea_n for_o these_o river_n carry_v with_o they_o much_o sand_n and_o mud_n or_o gravel_n when_o that_o they_o arrive_v to_o the_o mouth_n and_o shore_n where_o they_o endeavour_v to_o exonerate_v themselves_o into_o the_o sea_n they_o leave_v it_o partly_o because_o the_o channel_n be_v there_o more_o broad_a and_o partly_o because_o that_o the_o sea_n resist_v the_o flux_n of_o they_o and_o this_o be_v chief_o observe_v in_o region_n which_o river_n overflow_v every_o year_n 5._o if_o that_o frequent_a wind_n blow_v from_o the_o sea_n to_o the_o shore_n and_o the_o shore_n be_v rocky_a and_o firm_a not_o sandy_a 6._o if_o that_o the_o flux_n of_o the_o sea_n be_v swift_a and_o vehement_a and_o the_o reflux_n slow_a and_o gentle_a for_o the_o gentle_a reflux_n take_v not_o away_o the_o matter_n that_o the_o swift_a flux_n bring_v but_o suffer_v it_o to_o sink_v if_o that_o the_o shore_n descend_v oblique_o into_o the_o sea_n for_o a_o long_a space_n and_o bend_v not_o down_o direct_o and_o perpendicular_o for_o so_o the_o violence_n of_o the_o sea_n decrease_v and_o leave_v the_o matter_n behind_o nile_n the_o land_n of_o egypt_n cause_v by_o the_o nile_n there_o be_v many_o place_n of_o the_o earth_n which_o it_o be_v evident_a be_v former_o take_v up_o by_o the_o ocean_n where_o egypt_n be_v in_o time_n past_o be_v the_o sea_n as_o be_v prove_v by_o the_o testimony_n of_o the_o ancient_n and_o by_o experience_n at_o this_o day_n for_o the_o nile_n flow_v from_o the_o remote_a region_n of_o aethiopia_n and_o every_o year_n enter_v the_o channel_n where_o it_o swell_v it_o expand_v itself_o through_o all_o egypt_n where_o when_o the_o force_n of_o the_o river_n cease_v the_o mud_n sink_v and_o also_o the_o terrestrial_a matter_n which_o the_o swift_a course_n of_o the_o river_n bring_v in_o and_o so_o egypt_n become_v high_a and_o before_o that_o so_o much_o matter_n be_v bring_v in_o by_o the_o nile_n than_o the_o sea_n cover_v the_o land_n of_o egypt_n but_o now_o the_o sea_n be_v not_o admit_v by_o reason_n of_o the_o height_n of_o this_o aristotle_n and_o other_o be_v witness_n his_o word_n be_v these_o this_o place_n and_o the_o whole_a region_n of_o egypt_n which_o be_v only_o make_v by_o the_o river_n seem_v always_o to_o become_v more_o dry_a and_o because_o that_o the_o marsh_n by_o degree_n dry_v up_o the_o adjacent_a place_n begin_v to_o be_v inhabit_v the_o length_n of_o time_n obliterated_a the_o begin_n of_o it_o therefore_o all_o the_o mouth_n of_o the_o nile_n except_o that_o of_o canopus_n seem_v to_o be_v make_v by_o the_o industry_n of_o man_n and_o not_o by_o the_o river_n moreover_o all_o egypt_n ancient_o consist_v of_o a_o city_n call_v thebes_n as_o be_v very_o manifest_a which_o homer_n also_o declare_v who_o flourish_v as_o i_o have_v say_v after_o this_o mutation_n for_o he_o make_v mention_n of_o that_o place_n as_o if_o that_o memphis_n as_o yet_o have_v no_o be_v or_o at_o least_o not_o so_o big_a seneca_n here_o explain_v it_o more_o clear_o all_o egypt_n say_v he_o be_v make_v up_o of_o mud_n for_o if_o that_o we_o may_v credit_v homer_n pharos_n be_v so_o far_o from_o the_o continent_n as_o that_o a_o ship_n with_o a_o full_a spread_v sail_n can_v hard_o measure_v or_o encompass_v it_o in_o a_o whole_a day_n but_o it_o be_v now_o adjoin_v to_o the_o continent_n for_o the_o nile_n flow_v muddy_a and_o trouble_a and_o draw_v much_o mud_n with_o it_o and_o so_o add_v to_o it_o the_o former_a land_n have_v make_v egypt_n large_a by_o a_o annual_a increase_n hence_o the_o soil_n be_v muddy_a and_o fat_a neither_o have_v it_o any_o interval_n in_o it_o but_o have_v increase_v to_o a_o solidity_n land_n the_o river_n ganges_n and_o indus_n by_o their_o inundation_n both_o cause_n also_o land_n ganges_n and_o indus_n in_o india_n both_o famous_a river_n have_v cause_v the_o same_o by_o their_o inundation_n that_o the_o nile_n have_v also_o rio_n de_fw-fr la_fw-fr plata_fw-la in_o brazil_n and_o it_o be_v probable_a that_o china_n be_v generate_v or_o at_o least_o augment_v after_o the_o same_o mode_n by_o reason_n that_o a_o violent_a river_n which_o they_o call_v the_o yellow_a river_n flow_v from_o tartary_n into_o china_n often_o overflow_a although_o not_o in_o a_o anniversary_n time_n have_v so_o much_o sand_n and_o gravel_n that_o it_o make_v the_o three_o part_n of_o its_o water_n these_o example_n demonstrate_v the_o cause_n lay_v down_o in_o the_o four_o place_n viz._n why_o river_n shall_v cause_v the_o sea_n to_o forsake_v the_o shoar_n but_o the_o sea_n itself_o be_v also_o oftentimes_o the_o cause_n of_o its_o departure_n in_o divers_a region_n viz._n whilst_o that_o it_o carry_v and_o lay_v down_o the_o matter_n by_o which_o the_o channel_n and_o shoar_n acquire_v the_o great_a altitude_n and_o admit_v not_o the_o approach_n of_o the_o sea_n so_o holland_n zealand_n and_o gelderland_n be_v make_v for_o that_o the_o ocean_n in_o time_n pass_v possess_v these_o country_n be_v know_v both_o from_o ancient_a history_n or_o monument_n as_o also_o from_o the_o quality_n of_o the_o soil_n itself_o the_o shell_n of_o fish_n find_v on_o the_o cliff_n or_o high_a part_n of_o gelderland_n not_o far_o from_o noviomagus_n do_v sufficient_o testify_v the_o same_o as_o also_o shrub_n and_o ouzey_a matter_n find_v in_o the_o profundity_n of_o the_o soil_n add_v that_o the_o sea_n be_v high_a than_o the_o land_n of_o these_o region_n and_o have_v overflow_v it_o and_o will_v cover_v it_o again_o if_o that_o it_o be_v not_o obstruct_v by_o bank_n of_o sand_n and_o rampart_n yet_o there_o be_v some_o that_o say_v they_o suppose_v that_o holland_n and_o zealand_n be_v bring_v from_o the_o rhine_n and_o the_o mosa_n which_o be_v not_o improbable_a proposition_n x._o to_o show_v the_o generation_n of_o sandy-bank_n in_o the_o sea_n and_o elsewhere_o bank_n the_o generation_n of_o sandy_a bank_n we_o term_v those_o bank_n of_o sand_n that_o be_v elevate_v above_o the_o channel_n of_o the_o river_n to_o that_o height_n that_o they_o hinder_v the_o passage_n of_o ship_n neither_o do_v they_o differ_v from_o rock_n but_o that_o their_o part_n do_v cohere_v and_o be_v condensated_a but_o the_o sand-bank_n do_v not_o consist_v of_o part_n very_o coherent_a but_o these_o word_n be_v oftentimes_o confound_v the_o sand-bank_n do_v either_o lie_v in_o the_o channel_n of_o river_n as_o many_o be_v in_o the_o wolga_n and_o the_o albis_n or_o at_o the_o mouth_n of_o river_n which_o be_v frequent_a as_o in_o the_o wolga_n and_o the_o albis_n or_o on_o the_o seashore_n or_o amid_o sea_n the_o mode_n of_o the_o generation_n be_v the_o same_o by_o which_o we_o have_v say_v in_o the_o forego_n proposition_n that_o the_o channel_n of_o river_n be_v 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many_o example_n of_o the_o inundation_n of_o the_o ocean_n as_o former_o in_o thessaly_n and_o not_o long_o since_o in_o friezland_n and_o holsatia_n 3._o when_o by_o reason_n of_o the_o same_o cause_n it_o penetrate_v the_o firm_a land_n and_o make_v island_n by_o this_o mode_n we_o have_v say_v in_o the_o former_a proposition_n that_o it_o be_v likely_a that_o that_o sea_n have_v its_o original_n which_o interflow_v between_o those_o innumerable_a oriental_a isle_n and_o that_o which_o flow_v between_o the_o maldivian_n isle_n and_o india_n and_o also_o between_o the_o gulf_n of_o bengala_n and_o camboja_n 4._o when_o it_o by_o degree_n eat_v and_o consume_v the_o coast_n or_o shore_n and_o so_o in_o progress_n of_o time_n cover_v some_o part_n of_o the_o shore_n and_o of_o the_o adjacent_a land_n so_o the_o baltic_a sea_n invade_v the_o coast_n of_o pomerania_n and_o destroy_v the_o famous_a town_n or_o empory_n of_o vinetam_n so_o take_v away_o the_o island_n from_o the_o coast_n of_o norway_n it_o let_v in_o itself_o between_o these_o isle_n and_o the_o continent_n so_o the_o german_a ocean_n have_v possess_v the_o shore_n of_o holland_n near_o the_o village_n of_o the_o catti_n in_o a_o great_a space_n of_o land_n so_o that_o the_o ruin_n of_o the_o british_a tower_n formerly_z a_o fortress_n or_o castle_n of_o the_o roman_n now_o lie_v inconspicuous_a be_v cover_v with_o water_n far_o from_o the_o shore_n in_o the_o sea_n the_o ocean_n have_v take_v from_o the_o north_n part_n of_o the_o island_n of_o ceilan_n the_o space_n of_o 20_o mile_n so_o that_o at_o this_o day_n it_o be_v far_o lesser_a than_o it_o be_v and_o there_o be_v many_o more_o example_n of_o the_o like_a kind_n corollary_n from_o hence_o we_o may_v collect_v that_o those_o place_n of_o the_o earth_n where_o now_o the_o ocean_n be_v in_o time_n past_a be_v land_n and_o again_o shall_v be_v land_n to_o wit_n if_o that_o we_o do_v suppose_v that_o the_o earth_n have_v continue_v so_o many_o thousand_o year_n and_o shall_v yet_o continue_v concern_v this_o argument_n you_o may_v consult_v aristotle_n in_o the_o first_o book_n of_o his_o meteor_n and_o the_o twelve_o chapter_n and_o stevinus_n in_o his_o geography_n if_o that_o you_o demand_v how_o the_o ocean_n shall_v occupy_v the_o place_n of_o mountain_n that_o then_o the_o mountain_n shall_v not_o be_v cover_v by_o the_o sea_n but_o shall_v then_o become_v either_o rock_n or_o island_n other_o earth_n be_v force_v unto_o they_o that_o be_v confirm_v by_o the_o example_n of_o many_o island_n yea_o almost_o of_o all_o because_o that_o experience_n testify_v that_o almost_o all_o isle_n have_v mountain_n in_o the_o midst_n as_o ceilan_n sumatra_n java_n furthermore_o some_o be_v nothing_o else_o but_o mountain_n as_o st._n helena_n ascension_n the_o hesperides_n and_o the_o like_a see_v therefore_o that_o those_o place_n of_o the_o ocean_n in_o which_o those_o isle_n lie_v in_o age_n to_o come_v shall_v be_v or_o already_o have_v be_v land_n than_o indeed_o the_o mountain_n of_o these_o isle_n shall_v be_v mountain_n of_o the_o continent_n proposition_n xviii_o whether_o it_o be_v possible_a that_o the_o whole_a superficies_n of_o the_o earth_n shall_v become_v dry_a or_o land_n or_o that_o it_o shall_v be_v all_o liquid_a or_o cover_v with_o water_n that_o the_o most_o part_n shall_v be_v of_o a_o earthy_a superficies_n at_o one_o time_n more_o than_o at_o another_o or_o that_o more_o shall_v be_v cover_v with_o water_n water_n of_o the_o whole_a superficies_n of_o the_o earth_n whether_o it_o may_v become_v all_o land_n or_o all_o water_n 1._o that_o sometime_o the_o land_n shall_v possess_v a_o great_a part_n of_o the_o superficies_n of_o the_o earth_n than_o at_o another_o also_o that_o which_o be_v a_o consequence_n to_o the_o former_a that_o water_n at_o one_o time_n shall_v possess_v the_o great_a part_n of_o the_o superficies_n of_o the_o earth_n more_o than_o at_o another_o have_v be_v sufficient_o show_v in_o the_o second_o proposition_n of_o this_o chapter_n 2._o whether_o the_o water_n or_o ocean_n can_v cover_v the_o whole_a earth_n so_o that_o there_o shall_v be_v no_o earth_n or_o island_n above_o it_o and_o so_o cause_v a_o universal_a stand_v unto_o this_o i_o answer_v that_o a_o mode_n may_v be_v conceive_v and_o explain_v by_o which_o it_o may_v natural_o be_v do_v but_o yet_o by_o reason_n of_o the_o compaction_n of_o the_o land_n and_o altitude_n of_o the_o mountain_n it_o be_v scarce_o probable_a that_o any_o such_o thing_n will_v be_v the_o mode_n by_o which_o it_o may_v be_v do_v be_v the_o same_o with_o that_o explain_v in_o the_o second_o proposition_n for_o if_o that_o the_o ocean_n continual_o eat_v the_o land_n from_o the_o shore_n and_o lay_v it_o down_o in_o the_o profound_a part_n of_o its_o channel_n and_o do_v this_o in_o a_o perpetual_a course_n of_o time_n than_o it_o shall_v take_v away_o all_o the_o land_n of_o the_o superficies_n or_o extant_a part_n and_o itself_o shall_v cover_v all_o the_o earth_n and_o the_o mountain_n shall_v either_o be_v make_v rock_n or_o shall_v by_o degree_n sink_v and_o fall_v their_o foundation_n be_v consume_v by_o the_o vehement_a force_n of_o the_o water_n but_o this_o may_v be_v do_v more_o easy_o if_o that_o we_o will_v follow_v their_o opinion_n who_o attribute_v a_o great_a height_n to_o the_o ocean_n than_o to_o the_o land_n but_o we_o have_v in_o the_o precedent_a discourse_n sufficient_o confute_v that_o opinion_n 3._o whether_o that_o the_o land_n can_v so_o occupy_v the_o whole_a superficies_n of_o the_o earth_n so_o that_o all_o the_o water_n and_o the_o whole_a ocean_n may_v be_v contain_v in_o the_o cavern_n of_o the_o earth_n or_o in_o the_o subterraneous_a passage_n and_o cover_v by_o the_o earth_n unto_o this_o i_o answer_v after_o the_o same_o manner_n that_o it_o be_v not_o impossible_a and_o that_o a_o mode_n may_v be_v conceive_v by_o which_o it_o may_v be_v do_v but_o yet_o scarce_o ever_o shall_v be_v now_o there_o be_v only_o one_o mode_n to_o be_v conceive_v viz._n that_o if_o now_o there_o be_v or_o may_v be_v so_o many_o cavity_n within_o the_o depth_n of_o the_o earth_n within_o the_o which_o the_o ocean_n may_v be_v contain_v for_o neither_o have_v it_o be_v demonstrate_v by_o any_o as_o hitherto_o that_o such_o cavity_n be_v not_o in_o the_o depth_n of_o the_o earth_n and_o if_o they_o be_v not_o but_o that_o they_o may_v be_v do_v 1._o by_o the_o violence_n of_o the_o earth_n and_o 2._o by_o subterraneous_a wind_n proposition_n xix_o why_o in_o the_o middle_n of_o the_o ocean_n no_o island_n be_v find_v and_o no_o abundancy_n of_o isle_n but_o most_o at_o great_a continent_n or_o great_a island_n ocean_n no_o isle_n find_v in_o the_o middle_n of_o the_o ocean_n of_o the_o truth_n of_o this_o proposition_n we_o ought_v not_o to_o doubt_v for_o experience_n manifest_o prove_v it_o in_o the_o midst_n of_o the_o vast_a pacifick_n ocean_n between_o africa_n and_o brasilia_n beside_o the_o isle_n of_o sancta_fw-la helena_n and_o that_o of_o the_o ascension_n few_o be_v find_v but_o about_o the_o shore_n of_o the_o continent_n or_o in_o the_o ocean_n not_o far_o from_o the_o coast_n of_o the_o great_a continent_n all_o island_n be_v those_o few_o only_o except_v which_o i_o have_v speak_v of_o this_o may_v especial_o be_v take_v notice_n of_o in_o those_o numerous_a one_o that_o we_o term_v troop_n of_o isle_n which_o be_v all_o near_a the_o continent_n the_o troop_n of_o the_o isle_n of_o the_o aegean_a sea_n adjoin_v to_o europe_n and_o asia_n the_o hesperide_n to_o africa_n the_o maldivian_n isle_n to_o india_n as_o also_o all_o the_o indian_a isle_n between_o asia_n and_o the_o south_n continent_n only_o the_o flandrian_a isle_n or_o azore_n seem_v to_o be_v situate_v in_o the_o midst_n of_o the_o ocean_n between_o the_o old_a world_n and_o america_n although_o that_o they_o be_v more_o near_o to_o that_o than_o to_o this_o the_o cause_n of_o this_o phenomenon_n or_o situation_n of_o the_o island_n without_o doubt_n be_v that_o they_o have_v a_o be_v from_o the_o irruption_n of_o the_o ocean_n into_o the_o continent_n by_o which_o violence_n the_o land_n of_o the_o continent_n be_v separate_v but_o because_o the_o altitude_n of_o the_o ocean_n be_v not_o so_o great_a that_o it_o can_v cover_v all_o the_o land_n intercept_v thence_o here_o and_o there_o between_o the_o continent_n and_o at_o the_o continent_n troop_n of_o island_n do_v arise_v also_o it_o be_v likely_a that_o some_o of_o they_o be_v generate_v by_o another_o mode_n viz._n because_o the_o ocean_n can_v carry_v the_o land_n separate_v and_o cut_v off_o any_o long_a space_n with_o it_o but_o suffer_v they_o by_o degree_n to_o subside_v
proceed_v from_o dry_a body_n so_o shall_v ammoniac_a vanish_v into_o smoke_n fire_n be_v place_v under_o it_o this_o also_o be_v the_o cause_n that_o in_o divers_a region_n a_o different_a air_n be_v discover_v also_o that_o it_o rain_v in_o one_o place_n and_o not_o in_o another_o proposition_n v._o the_o least_o particle_n of_o the_o air_n and_o those_o all_o insensible_a repel_v or_o reflect_v the_o ray_n as_o a_o looking-glass_n but_o some_o of_o the_o particle_n of_o the_o air_n be_v sensible_a and_o compound_v do_v transmit_v many_o ray_n but_o reflect_v few_o other_o on_o the_o contrary_a transmit_v few_o ray_n and_o reflect_v more_o therefore_o the_o part_n of_o the_o atmosphere_n be_v divide_v into_o those_o that_o be_v opac_n and_o pellucid_a atmosphere_n the_o part_n of_o the_o atmosphere_n these_o be_v those_o that_o transmit_v many_o ray_n the_o former_a be_v those_o that_o transmit_v few_o therefore_o because_o that_o the_o least_o particle_n both_o water_n and_o earth_n be_v atom_n be_v solid_a little_a body_n without_o any_o pore_n so_o that_o they_o transmit_v no_o ray_n but_o repel_v they_o because_o that_o it_o be_v very_o probable_a that_o a_o perspicuity_n or_o a_o transmission_n of_o ray_n do_v require_v pore_n orderly_o place_v in_o a_o body_n and_o empty_a little_a space_n but_o the_o part_n of_o the_o air_n or_o atmosphere_n compose_v of_o little_a particle_n if_o that_o they_o shall_v have_v ordinate_a and_o many_o pore_n they_o will_v be_v perspicuous_a and_o transmit_v many_o ray_n but_o if_o that_o those_o particle_n shall_v be_v compose_v or_o aggregated_a very_a confuse_o they_o will_v transmit_v ray_n without_o any_o pore_n thence_o it_o come_v to_o pass_v that_o the_o sun_n discuss_v a_o thick_a cloudy_a opac_n air_n do_v make_v it_o perspicuous_a to_o wit_n more_o porous_a now_o that_o the_o least_o particle_n reflect_v ray_n be_v manifest_a from_o hence_o that_o the_o ray_n of_o the_o sun_n in_o a_o most_o serene_a air_n be_v admit_v into_o a_o obscure_a chamber_n through_o a_o narrow_a hole_n you_o will_v see_v manifest_o from_o the_o particle_n fly_v in_o a_o great_a number_n in_o the_o air_n that_o the_o ray_n be_v reflect_v to_o the_o eye_n as_o from_o a_o glass_n now_o see_v that_o those_o particle_n be_v yet_o sensible_a the_o same_o must_v be_v conclude_v concern_v the_o least_o particle_n and_o those_o that_o fly_v the_o sense_n now_o those_o who_o will_v have_v humid_a attenuate_v vapour_n to_o be_v perspicuous_a but_o not_o dry_a one_o and_o smoke_v they_o be_v refute_v by_o experience_n and_o reason_n by_o reason_n because_o that_o fume_n and_o dry_a exhalation_n may_v be_v make_v equal_o subtle_a and_o porous_a as_o those_o that_o be_v watery_a but_o they_o suppose_v that_o perspicuity_n do_v not_o consist_v in_o the_o mode_n or_o reason_n of_o the_o pore_n but_o in_o a_o peculiar_a quality_n but_o it_o be_v manifest_a by_o experience_n because_o that_o the_o air_n be_v serene_a it_o have_v more_o dry_a than_o moist_a particle_n for_o in_o that_o new_a kind_n of_o windgun_n which_o be_v not_o discharge_v by_o powder_n or_o fire_n but_o by_o the_o help_n of_o wind_n and_o air_n the_o air_n be_v so_o condensated_a that_o it_o scarce_o comprehend_v the_o sixti_v part_n of_o the_o former_a space_n yet_o neither_o do_v they_o create_v any_o kind_n of_o humidity_n in_o the_o gun_n which_o must_v altogether_o happen_v if_o that_o the_o particle_n of_o the_o serene_a air_n be_v watery_a proposition_n vi_o exhalation_n do_v not_o ascend_v of_o themselves_o and_o of_o their_o own_o nature_n upward_o but_o they_o be_v force_v by_o a_o violent_a motion_n or_o the_o air_n be_v not_o light_v but_o heavy_a in_o a_o proper_a mode_n of_o expression_n exhalation_n of_o exhalation_n all_o that_o be_v to_o be_v term_v grave_n or_o heavy_a be_v move_v to_o the_o centre_n of_o the_o earth_n except_o that_o it_o be_v hinder_v but_o the_o air_n do_v that_o for_o the_o earth_n be_v dig_v up_o the_o air_n descend_v into_o the_o space_n make_v that_o therefore_o it_o be_v carry_v upward_o be_v thus_o perform_v 1._o that_o heat_n rarifi_v it_o to_o seek_v a_o great_a space_n 2._o because_o that_o it_o be_v force_v by_o another_o vapour_n so_o in_o cold_a place_n as_o in_o nova_n zembla_n and_o with_o we_o in_o the_o night_n season_n no_o mist_n ascend_v but_o the_o heat_n of_o the_o sun_n approach_v rarifi_v it_o and_o cause_v one_o part_n to_o force_v out_o and_o thrust_v forward_o the_o other_o for_o if_o that_o those_o small_a particle_n of_o air_n be_v free_a neither_o mutual_o implicate_v one_o within_o another_o then_o at_o length_n it_o will_v be_v light_a proposition_n vii_o the_o upper_a part_n of_o the_o atmosphere_n be_v more_o subtle_a than_o the_o low_a yet_o it_o may_v so_o come_v to_o pass_v that_o the_o middle_a part_n may_v be_v more_o gross_a and_o condense_a than_o the_o low_a part_n about_o the_o earth_n therefore_o the_o more_o light_a part_n fly_v to_o the_o upper_a place_n they_o be_v more_o subtle_a and_o light_a hence_o the_o truth_n of_o the_o member_n of_o the_o former_a proposition_n be_v manifest_a now_o the_o cause_n of_o the_o latter_a member_n be_v that_o the_o part_n in_o the_o middle_a air_n easy_o counite_v again_o and_o so_o become_v thick_a for_o the_o hot_a or_o calid_a particle_n be_v carry_v up_o with_o they_o have_v forsake_v they_o and_o the_o ray_n refract_v from_o the_o earth_n in_o that_o middle_a region_n by_o reason_n of_o their_o distance_n have_v no_o force_n thence_o it_o come_v to_o pass_v that_o after_o rain_n the_o middle_a air_n be_v more_o serene_a because_o the_o more_o thick_a part_n be_v separate_v proposition_n viii_o the_o atmosphere_n or_o air_n be_v heat_v possess_v more_o space_n than_o before_o now_o by_o how_o much_o it_o be_v more_o destitute_a of_o heat_n by_o so_o much_o the_o more_o it_o contract_v itself_o and_o occupi_v the_o lesser_a space_n before_o the_o air_n be_v heat_v possess_v 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particle_n of_o the_o air_n leave_v to_o themselves_o unite_v again_o or_o be_v mutual_o complicate_v within_o themselves_o corollary_n therefore_o the_o altitude_n of_o the_o air_n or_o atmosphere_n be_v not_o constant_a but_o decrease_v and_o increase_v viz._n at_o noonday_n it_o ought_v to_o be_v great_a at_o midnight_n least_o about_o the_o time_n of_o the_o rise_n and_o set_v of_o the_o sun_n moderate_a as_o in_o proposition_n fourteen_o proposition_n ix_o to_o make_v a_o thermometer_n thermoscope_n or_o weatherglass_n by_o which_o we_o may_v discover_v the_o mutation_n of_o the_o air_n in_o heat_n and_o cold_a take_v a_o glass_n of_o a_o oblong_a and_o cylindrical_a neck_n with_o the_o spherical_a small_a head_n l_o h_n weatherglass_n how_o to_o make_v a_o thermomemeter_n or_o weatherglass_n let_v this_o be_v fix_v to_o the_o table_n or_o board_n m_o n_o p_o q_o the_o head_n be_v erect_v let_v a_o vessel_n with_o water_n be_v place_v under_o the_o orifice_n which_o be_v best_a to_o be_v colour_v so_o fill_v that_o part_n of_o the_o pipe_n or_o neck_n l_o f_o may_v be_v hide_v in_o it_o now_o let_v the_o time_n of_o the_o moderate_a constitution_n of_o the_o air_n or_o at_o that_o time_n at_o who_o temperature_n you_o will_v compare_v the_o temperature_n of_o the_o air_n of_o the_o other_o day_n and_o at_o that_o time_n let_v the_o water_n be_v pour_v into_o the_o vessel_n so_o it_o will_v happen_v that_o the_o air_n become_v more_o frigid_a scheme_n sec_n scheme_n the_o water_n will_v ascend_v upward_o beyond_o f_o because_o that_o the_o air_n be_v condensated_a with_o cold_a which_o before_o fill_v up_o the_o space_n f_o a_n now_o possess_v less_o space_n on_o the_o contrary_a the_o air_n be_v render_v more_o hot_a the_o water_n will_v descend_v from_o f_o towards_o l_o because_o that_o the_o
air_n f_o h_n be_v rarify_v now_o require_v more_o space_n now_o you_o will_v find_v the_o degree_n of_o accretion_n and_o diminution_n of_o the_o heat_n and_o cold_a if_o that_o you_o divide_v the_o line_n f_o a_o on_o the_o table_n into_o certain_a part_n of_o number_n or_o without_o put_v a_o vessel_n under_o set_v the_o glass_n l_o h_n even_o at_o the_o extremity_n l_o have_v a_o globe_n with_o a_o little_a hole_n from_o the_o side_n and_o let_v this_o globular_a vessel_n be_v fill_v with_o air_n for_o so_o also_o the_o degree_n of_o heat_n will_v be_v show_v by_o the_o ascent_n and_o descent_n of_o the_o water_n proposition_n x._o the_o serene_a air_n may_v be_v carry_v so_o by_o a_o most_o vehement_a fire_n that_o it_o may_v occupy_v a_o space_n 70_o time_n great_a than_o it_o do_v before_o on_o the_o contrary_a it_o may_v be_v so_o condense_v in_o a_o windgun_n that_o it_o may_v only_o possess_v a_o 60_o part_n of_o the_o former_a space_n but_o the_o heat_n of_o the_o sun_n bring_v not_o so_o great_a a_o rarification_n or_o the_o cold_a so_o great_a a_o condensation_n to_o the_o air_n the_o same_o be_v prove_v from_o that_o that_o if_o you_o take_v a_o aeolopile_n and_o heat_n it_o with_o fire_n so_o that_o it_o may_v then_o contain_v 13_o ounce_n but_o the_o same_o be_v cold_a and_o return_v to_o its_o former_a natural_a estate_n it_o will_v contain_v 13_o ounce_n a_o dram_n and_o a_o half_a therefore_o the_o space_n that_o the_o air_n occupy_v whilst_o that_o it_o be_v hot_a be_v great_a than_o the_o space_n that_o the_o air_n possess_v when_o refrigerated_a that_o the_o difference_n of_o the_o space_n be_v that_o part_n of_o the_o aeolopile_n that_o receive_v half_o a_o dram_n of_o water_n if_o that_o the_o whole_a receive_v 13_o ounce_n with_o half_a a_o dram_n and_o the_o part_n of_o this_o aeolopile_n be_v almost_o the_o 70_o part_n of_o the_o whole_a space_n in_o the_o aeolopile_n therefore_o the_o air_n be_v hot_a have_v possess_v a_o space_n 70_o time_n great_a than_o it_o do_v when_o it_o return_v to_o its_o natural_a estate_n proposition_n xi_o why_o in_o the_o place_n in_o the_o frigid_a zone_n at_o the_o time_n in_o which_o the_o sun_n arise_v not_o altogether_o unto_o they_o on_o some_o day_n the_o air_n be_v clear_a and_o serene_a and_o for_o the_o most_o part_n cloudy_a and_o foggy_a zone_n of_o the_o air_n in_o place_n of_o the_o frigid_a zone_n i_o answer_v the_o cause_n of_o this_o gross_a and_o almost_o perpetual_a mist_n or_o fog_n be_v the_o small_a heat_n of_o the_o subterraneous_a earth_n itself_o or_o else_o it_o be_v derive_v from_o the_o sun_n and_o likewise_o the_o moon_n which_o in_o the_o time_n of_o the_o obscurity_n of_o the_o sun_n remain_v many_o day_n and_o night_n continual_o above_o the_o horizon_n &_o the_o other_o star_n which_o heat_n because_o it_o be_v weak_a can_v dissipate_v this_o mist_n now_o that_o some_o day_n or_o night_n afford_v a_o serenity_n of_o the_o air_n this_o happen_v not_o because_o the_o thick_a vapour_n be_v attenuate_v but_o because_o that_o they_o either_o sink_v down_o into_o the_o earth_n or_o else_o be_v force_v into_o other_o place_n by_o the_o wind_n proposition_n xii_o why_o oftentimes_o in_o the_o great_a cold_a of_o the_o winter_n the_o air_n be_v yet_o subtle_a and_o serene_a when_o that_o yet_o the_o cold_a condensate_v and_o contract_v the_o air_n winter_n the_o air_n subtle_a and_o serene_a in_o the_o great_a cold_a of_o the_o winter_n cold_n be_v twofold_a moderate_a or_o extreme_a moderate_a cold_a render_v not_o the_o air_n serene_a but_o cloudy_a by_o reason_n that_o vapour_n be_v elevate_v but_o not_o discuss_v by_o that_o little_a heat_n which_o be_v mix_v or_o adjoin_v to_o that_o cold_a but_o a_o extreme_a cold_a make_v the_o air_n serene_a for_o a_o twofold_a reason_n 1._o because_o it_o render_v the_o grosser_n vapour_n of_o the_o air_n more_o gross_a and_o so_o cause_v they_o to_o fall_v and_o make_v the_o air_n more_o subtle_a 2._o because_o that_o the_o pore_n of_o the_o earth_n be_v shut_v and_o bind_v up_o and_o the_o vapour_n themselves_o can_v exhale_v and_o render_v the_o air_n turbid_v the_o sea_n itself_o indeed_o be_v not_o bind_v up_o with_o ice_n yet_o the_o particle_n be_v so_o condensated_a with_o ice_n that_o it_o be_v not_o so_o apt_a for_o exhalation_n although_o it_o send_v forth_o many_o for_o the_o condition_n of_o it_o and_o the_o earth_n be_v different_a proposition_n xiii_o why_o the_o air_n be_v behold_v at_o the_o horizontal_n line_n appear_v more_o thick_a and_o cloudy_a than_o that_o in_o which_o we_o be_v the_o cause_n be_v twofold_a 1._o because_o that_o the_o air_n about_o the_o horizon_n be_v indeed_o more_o cloudy_a the_o other_o be_v a_o fallacy_n or_o deception_n of_o the_o sight_n or_o judgement_n from_o our_o sight_n for_o the_o eye_n apprehend_v the_o distance_n of_o column_n place_v in_o a_o long_a order_n and_o series_n and_o therefore_o as_o the_o judgement_n suppose_v the_o remote_a column_n to_o be_v conjoin_v so_o also_o it_o apprehend_v not_o the_o distance_n of_o the_o particle_n of_o the_o horizontal_n air_n but_o imagine_v they_o conjoin_v but_o the_o eye_n behold_v the_o distance_n of_o the_o elevate_a air_n under_o great_a angle_n and_o therefore_o better_a apprehend_v it_o the_o same_o be_v the_o reason_n why_o the_o air_n which_o appear_v cloudy_a to_o we_o remove_v from_o it_o when_o we_o come_v to_o it_o or_o be_v in_o it_o seem_v less_o misty_a or_o cloudy_a proposition_n fourteen_o whether_o that_o the_o altitude_n of_o the_o atmosphere_n or_o air_n above_o the_o earth_n be_v the_o same_o in_o all_o place_n at_o one_o and_o the_o same_o time_n and_o whether_o its_o figure_n be_v spherical_a atmosphere_n of_o the_o altitude_n of_o the_o atmosphere_n that_o the_o altitude_n be_v not_o the_o same_o but_o divers_a in_o sundry_a place_n seem_v to_o follow_v from_o thence_o that_o the_o sun_n be_v only_o vertical_a to_o one_o place_n at_o one_o time_n and_o it_o send_v forth_o oblique_a ray_n and_o therefore_o more_o weak_a unto_o other_o place_n by_o how_o much_o the_o place_n be_v more_o remote_a from_o the_o sun_n and_o near_o to_o the_o pole_n therefore_o the_o pore_n of_o the_o ray_n of_o the_o sun_n be_v very_o different_a to_o the_o elevate_n of_o the_o vapour_n and_o therefore_o they_o be_v raise_v to_o different_a altitude_n to_o wit_n in_o a_o place_n unto_o which_o the_o sun_n be_v vertical_a his_o altitude_n be_v the_o great_a in_o the_o opposite_a place_n the_o lesser_a in_o the_o place_n about_o the_o pole_n moderate_a so_o that_o the_o air_n receive_v a_o oval_a figure_n but_o the_o contrary_n be_v more_o probable_a viz._n that_o the_o altitude_n of_o the_o atmosphere_n be_v the_o same_o in_o all_o place_n for_o although_o that_o the_o vapour_n and_o air_n be_v more_o elevate_v in_o some_o place_n than_o in_o other_o yet_o because_o that_o the_o air_n be_v fluid_a and_o tend_v by_o its_o gravity_n to_o the_o centre_n of_o the_o earth_n therefore_o the_o more_o elevate_a part_n of_o the_o air_n press_v down_o the_o air_n place_v under_o it_o and_o this_o thrust_v down_o another_o more_o depress_v until_o all_o the_o part_n acquire_v the_o same_o altitude_n and_o after_o the_o same_o mode_n the_o spherical_a figure_n of_o the_o air_n shall_v be_v demonstrate_v as_o in_o the_o thirteen_o chapter_n we_o have_v prove_v with_o archimedes_n concern_v the_o water_n by_o reason_n that_o the_o same_o hypothesis_n be_v prevalent_a here_o which_o we_o there_o assume_v to_o wit_n that_o the_o part_n of_o the_o air_n less_o press_v be_v expel_v by_o that_o which_o be_v more_o press_v for_o every_o part_n be_v press_v by_o the_o air_n that_o be_v above_o it_o wherefore_o the_o figure_n of_o the_o air_n be_v spherical_a not_o oval_a as_o some_o will_v have_v it_o but_o if_o the_o forementioned_a hypothesis_n be_v not_o grant_v the_o demonstration_n fall_v des_fw-mi cartes_n also_o make_v the_o air_n oval_n in_o figure_n for_o a_o peculiar_a reason_n see_v chapter_n fourteen_o proposition_n xv._o condensation_n or_o rarefaction_n of_o air_n change_v not_o its_o altitude_n altitude_n condensation_n of_o air_n change_v not_o its_o altitude_n because_o that_o the_o whole_a atmosphere_n be_v not_o condense_v but_o only_o some_o part_n and_o at_o all_o time_n some_o part_n be_v condense_v sometime_o these_o sometime_o those_o wherefore_o the_o condensation_n or_o rarefaction_n of_o one_o time_n do_v no_o more_o alterare_fw-la the_o air_n than_o the_o condensation_n or_o rarefaction_n of_o the_o first_o time_n there_o only_o seem_v to_o be_v a_o difference_n that_o at_o one_o time_n there_o may_v be_v a_o great_a condensation_n or_o rarefaction_n than_o at_o another_o but_o this_o
either_o more_o thick_a or_o subtle_a than_o the_o former_a they_o be_v refract_v where_o they_o have_v enter_v at_o this_o other_o medium_fw-la or_o deflect_v from_o a_o strait_a direct_a course_n to_o the_o side_n the_o explication_n be_v easy_a from_o a_o vulgar_a experiment_n let_v any_o vessel_n be_v take_v and_o let_v a_o ball_n of_o gold_n or_o copper_n or_o gold_n money_n be_v affix_v to_o the_o bottom_n then_o depart_v back_o from_o the_o vessel_n by_o reason_n of_o the_o obstacle_n of_o the_o side_n of_o the_o vessel_n you_o can_v no_o long_o see_v the_o money_n at_o the_o bottom_n then_o pour_v water_n into_o the_o vessel_n which_o be_v do_v you_o shall_v see_v again_o in_o the_o former_a distance_n the_o money_n at_o the_o bottom_n from_o hence_o it_o follow_v that_o see_v no_o ray_n can_v direct_o come_v from_o the_o money_n to_o the_o eye_n by_o reason_n of_o the_o interposition_n of_o the_o side_n of_o the_o vessel_n and_o yet_o afterward_o the_o water_n be_v infuse_v the_o ray_n arrive_v at_o the_o eye_n it_o follow_v i_o say_v from_o hence_o that_o the_o ray_n proceed_v from_o the_o money_n where_o they_o enter_v into_o the_o air_n from_o the_o water_n do_v deflect_v or_o be_v refract_v from_o the_o direct_a way_n and_o be_v so_o refract_v they_o arrive_v at_o the_o eye_n it_o be_v call_v refraction_n by_o reason_n that_o for_o this_o cause_n a_o oar_n be_v partly_o in_o the_o water_n do_v appear_v refract_v or_o break_v scheme_n see_v scheme_n so_o let_v the_o centre_n of_o the_o earth_n be_v t_o l_o the_o eye_n in_o the_o superficies_n let_v d_o r_o f_o p_o be_v the_o superficies_n of_o the_o atmosphere_n or_o air._n therefore_o no_o ray_n can_v direct_o arrive_v at_o the_o eye_n l_o because_o it_o be_v beneath_o l_o f_o g_o for_o other_o inferior_a ray_n will_v fall_v in_o on_o the_o tumour_n of_o the_o earth_n l_o o._n wherefore_o no_o star_n can_v appear_v in_o a_o direct_a ray_n until_o it_o come_v to_o the_o horizontal_n line_n l_o f_o g_o and_o the_o star_n appear_v before_o viz._n whilst_o that_o they_o be_v yet_o beneath_o l_o g_o for_o example_n in_o s_n and_o yet_o from_o s_n to_o the_o eye_n l_o no_o ray_n can_v direct_o come_v because_o that_o it_o shall_v first_o fall_v on_o l_o o._n therefore_o of_o necessity_n the_o ray_n which_o come_v from_o the_o star_n s_o to_o the_o eye_n l_o be_v not_o a_o direct_a but_o a_o refracted_a ray_n viz._n l_o f_o which_o refracted_a ray_n be_v propogate_v from_o the_o incident_a ray_n s_o f_o to_o wit_n s_o f_o falling_z from_o the_o aether_n on_o the_o more_o thick_a medium_fw-la viz._n the_o atmosphere_n in_o f_o be_v refract_v and_o become_v f_o l_o when_o that_o it_o be_v direct_v in_o n_z and_o so_o the_o star_n appear_v before_o that_o it_o can_v true_o appear_v by_o a_o direct_a ray_n that_o be_v before_o that_o it_o arrive_v at_o the_o horizontal_n line_n l_o f_o g._n so_o a_o star_n be_v in_o s_n be_v not_o see_v by_o the_o direct_a ray_n s_o l_o but_o by_o the_o refract_v r_o l_o who_o incident_a ray_n be_v s_o r_o and_o direct_v r_o m_z and_o therefore_o the_o star_n s_o appeareth_z high_a by_o reason_n of_o refraction_n than_o it_o be_v and_o in_o another_o place_n it_o appear_v high_a in_o the_o arch_n x_o g_o or_o in_o the_o angle_n r_o l_o g_o as_o if_o it_o be_v in_o x_o when_o indeed_o it_o be_v in_o s_o for_o this_o be_v the_o nature_n of_o refraction_n that_o the_o ray_n fall_v from_o a_o more_o rarify_v medium_n on_o a_o more_o thick_a as_o from_o the_o aether_n upon_o the_o air_n they_o become_v refract_v or_o decline_v towards_o the_o perpendicular_a draw_v through_o the_o point_n of_o incidency_n or_o fall_v into_o the_o superficies_n of_o the_o incidency_n or_o medium_n for_o example_n the_o ray_n s_o f_o fall_v in_a from_o the_o aether_n on_o the_o air_n f_o be_v the_o point_n of_o the_o incidency_n t_o f_o the_o perpendicular_a draw_v through_o f_o to_o the_o superficies_n d_o r_o f_o p_o therefore_o the_o ray_n s_o f_o n_z shall_v be_v refract_v f_o t_n that_o of_o f_o n_z may_v be_v make_v f_o l._n so_o of_o r_o m_o be_v make_v r_o l_o but_o the_o contrary_n be_v when_o that_o the_o ray_n proceed_v from_o the_o water_n to_o the_o air_n for_o than_o they_o more_o recede_v from_o the_o perpendicular_a line_n draw_v last_o this_o also_o be_v the_o nature_n of_o refraction_n that_o the_o ray_n fall_v in_o perpendicular_o on_o the_o superficies_n of_o another_o medium_n be_v not_o refract_v but_o only_o those_o that_o fall_v oblique_o and_o not_o perpendicular_o and_o by_o so_o much_o they_o be_v the_o more_o refract_v by_o how_o much_o they_o fall_v in_o the_o less_o perpendicular_o or_o by_o how_o much_o the_o more_o they_o depart_v from_o the_o perpendicular_a so_o the_o ray_n s_o t_n f_o t_o h_o d_o t_o be_v not_o refract_v because_o that_o they_o be_v perpendicular_a on_o the_o superficies_n d_o r_o f_o p_o but_o the_o ray_n s_o f_o s_o r_o be_v refract_v because_o that_o they_o fall_v oblique_o and_o indeed_o s_n f_z more_o than_o s_n r._n from_o whence_o it_o follow_v which_o experience_n also_o testify_v that_o by_o how_o much_o the_o star_n be_v more_o near_o the_o horizon_n by_o so_o much_o the_o more_o they_o refract_v their_o ray_n by_o how_o much_o the_o high_a by_o so_o much_o the_o less_o and_o astronomer_n have_v observe_v that_o the_o refraction_n be_v insensible_a where_o the_o star_n have_v attain_v the_o altitude_n of_o 20_o degree_n not_o that_o there_o be_v no_o refraction_n but_o that_o it_o be_v very_o small_a and_o for_o many_o example_n the_o skilful_a in_o the_o optic_n and_o late_a mathematician_n have_v derive_v the_o rule_n of_o refraction_n of_o all_o ray_n fall_v in_o oblique_o viz._n that_o in_o every_o medium_n there_o be_v one_o constant_a account_n between_o the_o sign_n of_o the_o angle_n fall_v in_o and_o the_o sign_n of_o the_o angle_n refract_v to_o wit_n the_o angle_n n_z f_o t_n be_v term_v the_o angle_n of_o incidency_n l_o f_o t_o the_o angle_n refract_v n_z f_o l_o the_o angle_n of_o refraction_n and_o so_o in_o the_o refraction_n of_o the_o ray_n s_o r_o m._n therefore_o as_o the_o sign_n of_o the_o angle_n t_o f_o n_z be_v to_o the_o sign_n of_o the_o angle_n t_o f_o l_o the_o same_o be_v the_o reason_n of_o the_o sign_n of_o the_o angle_n t_o r_o m_o to_o the_o sign_n of_o the_o angle_n t_o r_o l._n thence_o it_o follow_v that_o if_o from_o observation_n we_o have_v the_o quantity_n of_o refraction_n to_o the_o elevation_n of_o one_o ray_n we_o may_v thence_o know_v the_o quantity_n of_o the_o refraction_n of_o all_o other_o howsoever_o elevate_v proposition_n xxii_o the_o atmosphere_n or_o air_n cause_v the_o sun_n or_o the_o rest_n of_o the_o star_n to_o be_v see_v before_o that_o they_o arise_v in_o the_o horizon_n also_o to_o appear_v for_o some_o small_a space_n of_o time_n after_o that_o they_o have_v set_v also_o that_o they_o appear_v high_a than_o they_o be_v and_o in_o another_o place_n of_o the_o heaven_n as_o long_o as_o that_o they_o be_v no_o high_a than_o 20_o degree_n horizon_n the_o air_n cause_v the_o sun_n and_o star_n to_o be_v see_v before_o they_o arise_v in_o the_o horizon_n we_o have_v sufficient_o explain_v the_o cause_n in_o the_o precedent_a proposition_n only_o we_o shall_v add_v some_o experience_n or_o natural_a phaenomenon_n when_o that_o the_o dutch_a winter_v in_o nova_n zembla_n the_o sun_n appear_v to_o they_o soon_o by_o sixteen_o day_n than_o it_o be_v in_o the_o horizon_n that_o be_v when_o that_o it_o be_v as_o yet_o depress_v beneath_o the_o horizon_n about_o four_o degree_n and_o that_o in_o a_o serene_a air._n and_o famous_a astronomer_n have_v find_v it_o out_o with_o tycho_n brahe_n that_o in_o our_o place_n the_o morning-sky_n or_o air_n be_v serene_a we_o may_v behold_v the_o sun_n elevate_v above_o the_o horizon_n 34_o minute_n when_o that_o as_o yet_o he_o be_v whole_o under_o the_o horizon_n yet_o so_o that_o his_o limbus_n or_o skirt_n do_v enlighten_v the_o horizon_n and_o the_o sun_n seem_v to_o arise_v when_o that_o as_o yet_o he_o be_v depress_v about_o 34_o minute_n beneath_o the_o horizon_n to_o wit_n the_o air_n of_o the_o place_n where_o we_o be_v be_v serene_a so_o the_o spica_fw-la virgin_n a_o bright_a star_n seem_v to_o rise_v to_o we_o when_o that_o yet_o he_o be_v depress_v 32_o minute_n beneath_o the_o horizon_n which_o be_v thence_o collect_v because_o be_v seem_v to_o arise_v when_o the_o cauda_fw-la leonis_fw-la be_v 34_o degree_n 30_o minute_n high_a and_o in_o the_o same_o quarter_n in_o which_o this_o star_n of_o the_o
sign_n which_o shall_v be_v that_o of_o the_o angle_n m_o r_o t_o from_o which_o if_o that_o you_o take_v away_o t_o r_o f_o the_o refraction_n m_o r_o l_o demand_v be_v leave_v the_o ancient_a optic_n use_v another_o far_o more_o intricate_a but_o yet_o a_o more_o false_a method_n proposition_n xxxiv_o the_o altitude_n and_o rule_n of_o refraction_n of_o the_o air_n be_v give_v to_o find_v the_o refraction_n at_o the_o give_v apparent_a altitude_n of_o the_o star_n and_o thence_o the_o true_a altitude_n refraction_n of_o refraction_n this_o be_v the_o same_o with_o the_o former_a because_o in_o the_o former_a from_o the_o give_v refraction_n at_o the_o give_v altitude_n that_o rule_n of_o refraction_n be_v to_o be_v find_v example_n for_o exercise_n may_v be_v take_v from_o the_o table_n lay_v down_o before_o of_o the_o reflection_n of_o light_n in_o the_o air._n proposition_n xxxv_o the_o ray_n of_o the_o sun_n and_o moon_n have_v enter_v the_o air_n or_o atmosphere_n be_v not_o only_o refract_v but_o be_v also_o reflect_v or_o repercuss_v from_o the_o particle_n of_o the_o air_n as_o from_o a_o rough_a looking-glass_n by_o reason_n of_o the_o inordinate_a situation_n of_o the_o particle_n sun_n of_o the_o ray_n of_o the_o sun_n for_o except_v the_o ray_n of_o the_o sun_n be_v reflect_v from_o the_o particle_n to_o our_o eye_n no_o part_n of_o the_o air_n will_v appear_v lucid_a unto_o we_o except_o that_o above_o which_o the_o sun_n be_v and_o so_o the_o sun_n be_v in_o the_o oriental_a part_n neither_o the_o meridian_n or_o occidental_a air_n will_v be_v lucid_a therefore_o some_o ray_n be_v refract_v pass_v through_o by_o the_o atmosphere_n some_o be_v refract_v here_o and_o there_o with_o many_o reflection_n from_o one_o particle_n unto_o another_o and_o so_o they_o make_v the_o air_n luminous_a or_o light_a proposition_n xxxvi_o the_o reflection_n of_o the_o ray_n of_o the_o sun_n from_o the_o particle_n of_o the_o air_n be_v the_o chief_a cause_n of_o the_o twilight_n that_o be_v of_o the_o light_n before_o the_o rise_n and_o after_o the_o set_n of_o the_o sun_n air._n chief_a cause_n of_o twilight_n be_v the_o reflection_n of_o the_o ray_n of_o the_o sun_n from_o the_o particle_n of_o the_o air._n it_o be_v manifest_a from_o the_o precedent_a proposition_n for_o as_o the_o sun_n be_v in_o the_o east_n his_o ray_n be_v ejaculate_v to_o the_o west_n do_v reflect_v to_o our_o eye_n and_o so_o make_v the_o occidental_a part_n conspicuous_a so_o the_o sun_n be_v beneath_o the_o horizon_n his_o ray_n send_v forth_o into_o our_o air_n be_v reflect_v to_o our_o eye_n and_o to_o the_o occident_n and_o from_o the_o occident_n to_o our_o eye_n proposition_n xxxvii_o the_o beginning_n of_o the_o situation_n of_o the_o morning_n twilight_n that_o be_v the_o oriental_a air_n be_v illuminate_v and_o be_v so_o behold_v the_o sun_n be_v depress_v about_o 18_o degree_n beneath_o the_o horizon_n and_o the_o end_n of_o the_o evening_n twilight_n that_o be_v no_o more_o illumination_n appear_v in_o the_o occidental_a air_n be_v when_o the_o sun_n be_v depress_v 18_o degree_n beneath_o the_o occidental_a horizon_n twilight_n of_o the_o morning_n twilight_n this_o proposition_n depend_v on_o experience_n and_o observation_n for_o if_o in_o the_o morning_n season_n that_o be_v after_o the_o first_o and_o second_o hour_n after_o midnight_n we_o diligent_o observe_v our_o eye_n be_v turn_v towards_o the_o east_n when_o that_o any_o bright_a colour_n show_v itself_o in_o the_o oriental_a air_n about_o the_o horizon_n and_o that_o we_o know_v at_o that_o time_n the_o hour_n and_o minute_n of_o the_o hour_n we_o may_v thence_o know_v the_o depression_n of_o the_o sun_n beneath_o the_o horizon_n now_o we_o understand_v a_o serene_a air_n of_o which_o see_v that_o there_o be_v or_o may_v be_v a_o great_a difference_n thence_o it_o come_v to_o pass_v that_o some_o do_v extend_v the_o twilight_n to_o the_o twenty_o degree_n of_o the_o depression_n of_o the_o sun_n beneath_o the_o horizon_n other_o unto_o the_o sixteenth_o for_o by_o how_o much_o the_o air_n be_v more_o thick_a by_o so_o much_o the_o less_o will_v the_o light_n of_o the_o twilight_n be_v discover_v contrary_a unto_o what_o we_o say_v may_v happen_v in_o refraction_n proposition_n xxxviii_o the_o altitude_n of_o the_o air_n or_o matter_n may_v be_v find_v from_o the_o quantity_n of_o the_o twilight_n which_o by_o reflection_n creat_v the_o light_n of_o the_o twilight_n as_o hitherto_o they_o have_v think_v neither_o do_v the_o beginning_n of_o the_o twilight_n arise_v from_o a_o simple_a but_o at_o least_o from_o a_o double_a reflection_n scheme_n see_v scheme_n let_v t_o l_o h_o be_v the_o earth_n g_o f_o o_o m_o the_o bound_n of_o the_o air_n l_o the_o place_n of_o the_o earth_n in_o which_o the_o twilight_n appear_v or_o the_o light_n in_o the_o horizontal_n air_n f_o the_o incident_a solary_a ray_n f_o g_o s._n therefore_o mathematician_n that_o have_v hitherto_o write_v concern_v twilight_n say_v that_o the_o ray_n incident_a on_o f_z which_o make_v the_o reflection_n f_o l_o to_z come_v from_o the_o very_a sun_n s_n and_o because_o that_o no_o ray_n can_v come_v from_o the_o sun_n to_o f_o so_o long_o as_o the_o sun_n be_v beneath_o the_o tangent_fw-la f_o h_o s_o for_o example_n in_o s_n than_o its_o ray_n may_v come_v to_o f_o first_fw-mi or_o because_o that_o they_o will_v have_v reflection_n to_o be_v make_v from_o f_o as_o from_o a_o hollow_a looking-glass_n therefore_o t_n f_z h_z oughts_z to_o be_v equal_a to_o the_o angle_n t_o f_o l_o wherefore_o because_o that_o the_o sun_n be_v find_v depress_v 18_o degree_n beneath_o the_o horizon_n therefore_o the_o angle_n n_z f_z s_z shall_v be_v find_v 18_o degree_n and_o l_o f_o h_o 162_o and_o t_o f_o h_o or_o t_o f_o l_o 81_o degree_n and_o l_o t_o f_o 9_o deg_fw-la whence_o t_n f_z be_v find_v about_o 874_o german_a mile_n and_o the_o altitude_n of_o the_o air_n 11_o mile_n as_o clavius_n and_o nonius_n make_v it_o alhacen_n and_o vitellio_n make_v it_o 13_o mile_n this_o so_o great_a a_o altitude_n of_o the_o air_n must_v in_o no_o sort_n be_v grant_v when_o that_o other_o phaenomenon_n do_v repugn_v now_o that_o it_o be_v find_v so_o great_a according_a to_o that_o method_n that_o happen_v from_o a_o false_a hypothesis_n that_o they_o assume_v viz._n the_o ray_n g_o h_o f_o which_o make_v the_o reflect_v f_o l_o to_o come_z from_o the_o very_a sun_n for_o this_o be_v false_a because_o that_o it_o come_v by_o reflection_n from_o another_o ray_n for_o example_n g_o l._n now_o that_o to_o make_v the_o small_a light_n in_o f_o it_o be_v not_o necessary_a that_o the_o ray_n f_o g_o shall_v come_v from_o the_o uâ—ry_a sun_n but_o another_o reflect_a ray_n may_v do_v the_o same_o be_v prove_v from_o thence_o that_o in_o the_o occidental_a air_n we_o behold_v the_o light_n before_o the_o rise_n of_o the_o sun_n when_o yet_o it_o be_v certain_a that_o no_o direct_a ray_n then_o come_v from_o the_o sun_n s_o to_o the_o occidental_a air_n m_o but_o from_o another_o point_n of_o the_o air_n for_o example_n from_o f_z and_z o_o and_o so_o the_o reflect_a ray_n l_o m_o proceed_v from_o the_o incident_a ray_n f_o m_o which_o very_o f_z m_z be_v reflect_v from_o the_o incident_a g_o f_o and_o this_o g_o f_o from_o another_o g_o l_o which_o perchance_o also_o come_v from_o another_o second_o that_o also_o be_v worthy_a of_o note_n that_o they_o have_v determine_v that_o reflection_n be_v cause_v from_o the_o air_n as_o from_o a_o hollow_a looking-glass_n the_o centre_n of_o who_o cavity_n be_v t_o viz._n the_o same_o with_o that_o of_o the_o earth_n for_o this_o also_o be_v false_a for_o the_o ray_n be_v reflect_v from_o the_o particle_n of_o the_o air_n no_o regard_n be_v have_v to_o the_o centre_n of_o the_o earth_n but_o according_a to_o the_o superficies_n of_o those_o particle_n this_o be_v manifest_a from_o the_o ray_n l_o m_o which_o slide_v from_o the_o occidental_a air_n m_o to_z t_o for_o if_o that_o it_o come_v from_o m_n as_o from_o the_o hollow-glass_n of_o the_o centre_n t_o its_o incident_a aught_o to_o come_v from_o the_o quarter_n x_o but_o now_o it_o come_v from_o o_o or_o between_z f_z and_z o_o therefore_o the_o ray_n l_o m_o be_v so_o reflect_v from_o the_o particle_n m_o as_o the_o figure_n of_o it_o require_v and_o there_o be_v in_o the_o air_n particle_n of_o a_o most_o different_a figure_n and_o therefore_o it_o be_v no_o wonder_n if_o that_o divers_a reflection_n be_v here_o and_o there_o cause_v into_o all_o quarter_n proposition_n thirty-nine_o it_o be_v suppose_v that_o the_o light_n of_o the_o twilight_n be_v not_o generate_v by_o a_o
simple_a but_o by_o a_o double_a reflection_n to_o find_v thence_o the_o altitude_n of_o the_o air_n which_o may_v more_o agree_v with_o other_o observation_n scheme_n see_v scheme_n in_o the_o former_a proposition_n it_o be_v say_v that_o that_o ray_n g_o h_o f_o which_o make_v the_o first_o reflection_n f_o l_o in_o the_o begin_n of_o the_o twilight_n come_v not_o from_o the_o sun_n itself_o but_o that_o it_o be_v also_o reflect_v in_o g_o let_v therefore_o his_o incident_a be_v g_o l_o which_o may_v touch_v the_o earth_n in_o p_o for_o so_o l_o g_o be_v the_o first_o ray_n that_o can_v come_v to_o g_o and_o this_o we_o place_n to_o come_v now_o immediate_o from_o the_o sun_n itself_o yet_o by_o reason_n of_o refraction_n it_o may_v a_o little_a deviate_v viz._n let_v q_o l_o be_v the_o very_a ray_n itself_o of_o the_o sun_n l_o p_o g_o the_o refract_v g_o h_o x_o the_o reflex_n f_o l_o the_o second_a reflex_n the_o altitude_n of_o the_o air_n t_o x_o be_v to_o be_v find_v out_o because_o that_o therefore_o the_o ray_n g_o l_o obligatory_n be_v the_o refract_v of_o the_o incident_a q_o l_o let_v we_o suppose_v the_o refraction_n to_o be_v make_v 30_o minute_n viz._n the_o angle_n q_o l_o x_o moreover_o the_o centre_n of_o the_o sun_n to_o be_v 17_o degree_n beneath_o the_o horizon_n when_o that_o the_o twilight_n begin_v therefore_o the_o limbus_n of_o the_o sun_n qui_fw-fr which_o shall_v be_v distant_a beneath_o the_o horizon_n 16_o deg_fw-la 45_o min._n and_o 30_o min._n be_v take_v away_o by_o reason_n of_o refraction_n the_o angle_n n_o k_o x_o 16_o deg_fw-la 15_o min._n shall_v be_v the_o refracted_a depression_n of_o the_o limbus_n of_o the_o sun_n beneath_o the_o horizon_n and_o moreover_o because_o that_o k_o l_o k_o p_o be_v equal_a and_o also_o f_o l_o g_o p_o therefore_o kg_v kf_o be_v also_o equal_a and_o the_o angle_n k_o f_o g_o be_v equal_a to_o the_o angle_n k_o g_o f._n now_o both_o of_o they_o take_v together_o be_v equal_a to_o the_o angle_n n_o k_o g_o 16_o degree_n 15_o minute_n wherefore_o k_o f_o g_o be_v 8_o degree_n 7_o minute_n and_o f_o t_o l_o be_v 4_o degree_n and_o t_o f_o l_o 86_o minute_n whence_o be_v find_v that_o t_o f_o 86_o ½_n mile_n and_o therefore_o the_o altitude_n of_o the_o air_n be_v find_v 1_o ½_n mile_n which_o be_v far_o lesser_a than_o the_o mathematician_n former_o deduce_v from_o the_o twilight_n and_o it_o will_v yet_o be_v find_v far_o lesser_a if_o that_o a_o threefold_a reflection_n be_v place_v to_o make_v the_o beginning_n of_o the_o twilight_n which_o be_v not_o impossible_a and_o this_o twofold_a or_o threefold_a reflection_n be_v more_o right_o admit_v of_o for_o the_o cause_n of_o the_o duration_n of_o the_o twilight_n than_o that_o which_o kepler_n allege_v concern_v the_o splendid_a matter_n in_o the_o vicinity_n of_o the_o sun_n see_v the_o other_o thing_n concern_v the_o time_n of_o the_o twilight_n and_o variation_n of_o longitude_n in_o the_o second_o part_n of_o this_o book_n proposition_n xl._n to_o find_v out_o the_o altitude_n of_o the_o cloud_n by_o a_o geodetical_a dimension_n cloud_n by_o a_o geodetical_a dimension_n to_o find_v out_o the_o altitude_n of_o the_o cloud_n the_o air_n be_v serene_a and_o quiet_a let_v any_o point_n or_o little_a cloud_n more_o observable_a than_o the_o rest_n be_v take_v and_o measure_v the_o altitude_n of_o this_o as_o the_o top_n of_o a_o high_a tower_n from_o two_o station_n so_o that_o at_o the_o same_o time_n one_o observer_n may_v be_v in_o one_o station_n and_o the_o other_o in_o another_o so_o you_o shall_v find_v the_o altitude_n of_o this_o cloud_n which_o be_v never_o find_v to_o exceed_v a_o quarter_n of_o a_o mile_n proposition_n xli_o to_o suppute_v the_o quantity_n of_o the_o air_n its_o altitude_n be_v give_v this_o be_v nothing_o else_o but_o to_o suppute_v the_o space_n between_o the_o earth_n and_o the_o outward_a superficies_n of_o the_o air_n which_o be_v easy_a if_o so_o be_v that_o we_o know_v the_o altitude_n of_o the_o air_n for_o let_v the_o solidity_n of_o the_o sphere_n be_v suppute_v who_o semidiameter_n be_v compose_v of_o the_o semidiameter_n of_o the_o earth_n and_o the_o altitude_n of_o the_o air_n and_o from_o the_o find_v out_o solidity_n let_v the_o solidity_n of_o the_o earth_n be_v take_v away_o that_o which_o be_v leave_v be_v the_o solidity_n or_o quantity_n of_o the_o air._n proposition_n xlii_o the_o air_n in_o some_o place_n have_v some_o thing_n peculiar_a nerain_v of_o ra_n in_o egypt_n it_o seldom_o or_o nerain_v so_o in_o egypt_n it_o very_o seldom_o rain_v or_o rather_o not_o at_o all_o and_o if_o at_o any_o time_n a_o light_a rain_n fall_v catarrh_n distemper_n of_o the_o lung_n fever_n and_o other_o disease_n do_v follow_v the_o inundation_n of_o nilus_n and_o almost_o a_o quotidian_a erost_n in_o the_o morning_n do_v supply_v the_o stead_n of_o ra_n so_o in_o peru_n rains_n be_v never_o see_v peru._n also_o in_o peru._n in_o many_o 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in_o the_o isle_n of_o the_o azore_v the_o air_n and_o wind_n be_v so_o sharp_a that_o it_o eat_v plate_n of_o iron_n and_o the_o wall_n cover_v with_o the_o same_o in_o a_o short_a space_n and_o reduce_v they_o to_o dust_n aristotle_n relate_v that_o on_o mount_n olympus_n there_o be_v no_o motion_n of_o air_n yea_o no_o air_n at_o all_o if_o that_o that_o be_v true_a which_o follow_v and_o that_o character_n write_v in_o the_o dust_n be_v find_v there_o after_o many_o year_n without_o any_o disturbance_n and_o that_o those_o that_o ascend_v that_o mountain_n can_v continue_v their_o life_n except_o that_o they_o carry_v moisten_v sponge_n with_o they_o by_o the_o help_n of_o which_o they_o breath_n in_o america_n when_o that_o the_o spaniard_n pass_v through_o from_o nicaragua_n into_o peru_n on_o the_o top_n of_o the_o mountain_n interpose_v many_o sudden_o die_v or_o be_v freeze_v to_o death_n with_o their_o horse_n like_v unto_o statue_n even_o unto_o the_o return_n of_o those_o that_o escape_v some_o think_v that_o a_o defect_n of_o air_n be_v the_o cause_n but_o that_o be_v not_o probable_a neither_o do_v i_o receive_v that_o for_o truth_n which_o aristotle_n write_v concern_v mount_n olympus_n because_o the_o contrary_n be_v find_v in_o high_a mountain_n who_o top_n be_v cover_v with_o snow_n whence_o we_o former_o conclude_v that_o they_o be_v not_o above_o the_o air_n but_o that_o the_o air_n flow_v over_o they_o busbequius_fw-la a_o eye-witness_n declare_v hangaria_n see_v the_o chapter_n of_o mountain_n the_o author_n relation_n of_o the_o mountain_n carpathus_n in_o hangaria_n that_o mount_n olympus_n in_o the_o summer_n be_v also_o cover_v with_o snow_n about_o the_o isle_n of_o the_o indian_a ocean_n the_o air_n be_v fragrant_a with_o the_o scent_n of_o the_o odour_n especial_o at_o that_o time_n when_o that_o aromatics_n be_v mature_a mariner_n discover_v this_o scent_n when_o that_o as_o yet_o they_o be_v three_o or_o four_o mile_n distant_a from_o these_o isle_n viz._n when_o that_o a_o wind_n contrary_a to_o their_o course_n blow_v the_o air_n of_o the_o sea_n be_v more_o heavy_a than_o that_o of_o the_o land_n and_o less_o acceptable_a unto_o those_o that_o be_v not_o accustom_v unto_o it_o the_o difference_n be_v manifest_o discern_v when_o that_o mariner_n approach_v near_o the_o shore_n for_o by_o the_o distance_n of_o a_o whole_a mile_n they_o will_v discover_v how_o nigh_o the_o land_n they_o be_v by_o the_o very_a air._n mariner_n relate_v this_o especial_o concern_v soffala_n which_o be_v situate_v in_o the_o oriental_a coast_n of_o africa_n when_o that_o i_o have_v print_v these_o i_o happen_v by_o chance_n on_o a_o certain_a observation_n make_v by_o david_n froelichius_fw-la
from_o the_o middle_n and_o send_v forth_o ray_n it_o signify_v a_o moist_a and_o windy_a season_n 3._o if_o that_o the_o sun_n be_v pale_a in_o his_o set_n but_o if_o it_o be_v red_a the_o air_n will_v be_v quiet_a and_o serene_a the_o next_o day_n 4._o if_o the_o sun_n be_v pale_a set_v in_o black_a cloud_n it_o signify_v a_o northwind_n 5._o if_o that_o the_o moon_n be_v red_a like_o unto_o gold_n it_o be_v deem_v a_o certain_a sign_n of_o a_o wind_n according_a to_o the_o verse_n pallida_fw-la luna_fw-la pluit_fw-la rubicunda_fw-la fiat_fw-la alba_fw-la serenat_fw-la 6._o a_o circle_n about_o the_o moon_n 7._o if_o that_o the_o northern-horn_n or_o corner_n of_o the_o moon_n appear_v more_o extend_v a_o northwind_n be_v approach_v 8._o if_o that_o the_o southern_a a_o southwind_n be_v at_o hand_n 9_o the_o rise_n of_o the_o moon_n and_o the_o more_o note_a star_n as_o of_o the_o bear_n orion_n and_o especial_o the_o goat_n with_o the_o sun_n 10._o if_o the_o small_a star_n in_o cancer_n term_v asellos_fw-la be_v cover_v with_o a_o cloud_n if_o the_o northern_a of_o they_o be_v cover_v the_o wind_n will_v be_v south_n if_o the_o southren_n be_v cover_v it_o will_v be_v north._n 11._o for_o the_o most_o part_n wind_n begin_v to_o blow_v when_o that_o the_o wind_n cease_v 12._o when_o a_o certain_a noise_n and_o murmur_n like_v to_o a_o ebullition_n be_v hear_v in_o the_o sea_n 13._o the_o ancient_n also_o prognosticate_v from_o the_o raven_n the_o dolphin_n and_o other_o animal_n 14._o from_o fiery_a meteor_n as_o from_o lightning_n and_o falling-star_n but_o not_o from_o the_o ignes_fw-la fatui_fw-la proposition_n xviii_o why_o in_o the_o spring_n and_o autumn_n the_o wind_n be_v more_o frequent_a and_o blow_v with_o great_a force_n than_o in_o the_o hot_a summer_n or_o cold_a winter_n winter_n great_a and_o more_o frequent_a wind_n in_o spring_n and_o autumn_n than_o in_o summer_n and_o cold_a winter_n in_o the_o spring_n it_o be_v suppose_v to_o be_v partly_o by_o reason_n of_o the_o dissolve_v of_o snow_n especial_o in_o mountainous_a place_n partly_o because_o that_o the_o pore_n of_o the_o earth_n be_v then_o open_v and_o send_v forth_o many_o exhalation_n partly_o because_o that_o the_o air_n and_o vapour_n be_v then_o more_o thin_a when_o that_o they_o be_v condense_v in_o the_o winter_n add_v that_o for_o the_o most_o part_n in_o the_o month_n before_o the_o begin_n of_o the_o spring_n and_o in_o the_o very_a spring_n many_o ray_n do_v fall_v by_o reason_n that_o humid_a constellation_n than_o have_v possess_v those_o house_n of_o the_o zodiac_n into_o which_o on_o the_o entrance_n of_o the_o sun_n we_o account_v the_o beginning_n of_o the_o spring_n and_o also_o in_o autumn_n the_o frequent_a ray_n and_o exhalation_n be_v to_o be_v account_v the_o cause_n of_o the_o wind_n as_o well_o as_o in_o the_o spring_n by_o reason_n that_o a_o moderate_a heat_n proceed_v from_o the_o sun_n advance_v the_o vapour_n and_o exhalation_n yet_o such_o as_o be_v more_o thick_a and_o less_o attenuate_v but_o in_o the_o heat_n of_o summer_n there_o be_v no_o wind_n for_o the_o most_o part_n for_o the_o same_o reason_n by_o reason_n of_o which_o ray_n be_v very_o seldom_o see_v at_o that_o season_n viz._n because_o that_o the_o sun_n overmuch_o attenuate_v the_o exhalation_n and_o do_v not_o permit_v they_o so_o to_o conjoin_v or_o meet_v in_o such_o a_o quantity_n as_o be_v require_v to_o the_o generation_n of_o the_o wind_n which_o cause_n be_v not_o general_a or_o always_o true_a and_o neither_o be_v it_o general_o true_a that_o in_o the_o heat_n of_o summer_n there_o be_v no_o wind_n for_o here_o we_o be_v only_o to_o understand_v it_o concern_v that_o which_o oftentimes_o happen_v but_o in_o the_o sharp_a winter_n the_o wind_n be_v more_o rare_a and_o that_o by_o reason_n that_o both_o few_o vapour_n be_v raise_v from_o the_o earth_n and_o those_o also_o that_o be_v elevate_v be_v either_o condense_a into_o cloud_n or_o be_v so_o dissipate_v by_o frost_n that_o they_o cause_v no_o wind_n proposition_n xix_o in_o what_o altitude_n of_o the_o air_n or_o in_o what_o region_n of_o the_o air_n the_o wind_n begin_v to_o blow_v blow_v in_o what_o region_n the_o wind_n begin_v to_o blow_v there_o be_v some_o that_o suppose_v the_o wind_n not_o to_o exceed_v the_o low_a region_n of_o the_o air_n because_o that_o they_o discover_v that_o the_o top_n of_o the_o high_a mountain_n as_o olympus_n feel_v no_o blast_n but_o i_o question_v the_o observation_n see_v that_o the_o smoke_n cast_v forth_o from_o the_o top_n of_o mount_n aetna_n be_v discern_v to_o be_v move_v to_o and_o fro_o by_o the_o wind_n therefore_o i_o suppose_v that_o such_o a_o windy_a commotion_n may_v be_v cause_v also_o in_o the_o upper_a region_n of_o the_o air._n proposition_n xx._n unto_o what_o space_n one_o and_o the_o same_o wind_n may_v extend_v itself_o itself_o how_o far_o one_o and_o the_o same_o wind_n may_v extend_v itself_o there_o be_v great_a diversity_n in_o this_o matter_n for_o the_o wind_n blow_v from_o the_o east_n to_o the_o west_n under_o the_o torrid_a zone_n seem_v to_o encompass_v the_o whole_a earth_n and_o those_o also_o that_o blow_n either_o from_o the_o north_n or_o south_n for_o many_o day_n and_o long_a space_n be_v wont_a to_o accompany_v and_o follow_v mariner_n the_o same_o seem_v true_a concern_v collateral_a line_n but_o this_o diversity_n be_v because_o that_o the_o same_o wind_n be_v different_a in_o divers_a place_n as_o we_o have_v show_v in_o the_o ten_o proposition_n in_o the_o end_n of_o the_o explication_n of_o the_o first_o cause_n chap._n xxi_o of_o the_o wind_n in_o particular_a and_o tempest_n in_o the_o forego_n chapter_n we_o have_v allege_v the_o distribution_n and_o difference_n or_o rather_o the_o denomination_n of_o the_o wind_n which_o they_o receive_v from_o the_o quarter_n from_o whence_o they_o blow_v or_o seem_v to_o blow_v which_o division_n also_o be_v accidental_a by_o reason_n that_o they_o be_v take_v in_o respect_n of_o a_o certain_a place_n of_o the_o earth_n unto_o which_o those_o quarter_n be_v relate_v now_o in_o this_o chapter_n we_o shall_v allege_v the_o division_n and_o phaenomena_n which_o be_v in_o a_o certain_a time_n of_o the_o year_n or_o else_o be_v proper_a to_o certain_a tract_n of_o the_o earth_n although_o that_o we_o desire_v to_o have_v more_o and_o those_o likewise_o more_o accurate_a observation_n concern_v these_o thing_n but_o we_o will_v produce_v what_o we_o have_v collect_v with_o much_o labour_n from_o the_o diaries_n of_o the_o seaman_n proposition_n i._n one_o wind_n be_v constant_a and_o another_o inconstant_a inconstant_a of_o wind_n constant_a and_o inconstant_a that_o be_v a_o constant_a wind_n which_o at_o the_o least_o for_o one_o or_o two_o hour_n blow_v from_o the_o same_o quarter_n that_o be_v a_o inconstant_a wind_n which_o sometime_o blow_v and_o other_o some_o be_v change_v into_o other_o wind_n blow_v from_o other_o quarter_n the_o cause_n of_o the_o more_o or_o less_o duration_n of_o the_o same_o wind_n also_o of_o the_o swift_a immutation_n seem_v to_o be_v 1._o if_o that_o it_o be_v from_o a_o general_a cause_n or_o from_o a_o cause_n less_o constant_a so_o wind_n proceed_v from_o the_o motion_n of_o the_o air_n with_o the_o motion_n of_o the_o sun_n in_o the_o torrid_a zone_n be_v constant_a so_o those_o also_o that_o blow_n from_o the_o dissolve_v of_o the_o snow_n especial_o in_o the_o mountain_n 2._o if_o that_o by_o chance_n there_o be_v no_o such_o vapour_n in_o other_o quarter_n which_o be_v apt_a to_o generate_v wind_n 3._o if_o that_o the_o circumambient_a air_n about_o the_o cloud_n of_o which_o the_o wind_n be_v generate_v be_v more_o thick_a and_o grant_v no_o passage_n to_o the_o exhalation_n but_o if_o that_o the_o air_n be_v not_o so_o thick_a or_o more_o relax_v and_o that_o few_o vapour_n be_v here_o and_o there_o in_o divers_a place_n and_o quarter_n and_o last_o if_o that_o the_o general_a cause_n do_v cease_v than_o indeed_o the_o wind_n be_v find_v variable_a which_o be_v for_o the_o most_o part_n gentle_a proposition_n ii_o one_o wind_n be_v general_a and_o another_o particular_a wind_n of_o general_a and_o particular_a wind_n the_o general_a wind_n be_v term_v by_o mariner_n a_o passant_a wind_n which_o at_o many_o place_n at_o once_o in_o a_o long_a tract_n of_o earth_n blow_v on_o the_o sea_n almost_o for_o a_o whole_a year_n that_o be_v term_v a_o particular_a on_o the_o contrary_a which_o blow_v not_o at_o once_o in_o many_o place_n for_o a_o whole_a year_n now_o a_o general_a wind_n be_v hinder_v 1._o in_o the_o part_n of_o the_o sea_n near_o the_o earth_n for_o here_o vapour_n from_o other_o quarter_n do_v interpose_v
or_o force_v in_o and_o therefore_o a_o general_a wind_n be_v consider_v especial_o in_o the_o midst_n of_o the_o sea_n most_o remote_a from_o the_o land_n 2._o yet_o another_o wind_n may_v also_o blow_v in_o the_o midst_n of_o the_o sea_n viz._n if_o that_o in_o another_o a_o cloud_n or_o other_o cause_n generate_a of_o a_o wind_n be_v very_o great_a from_o these_o two_o cause_n it_o happen_v that_o a_o general_a wind_n be_v less_o or_o more_o constant_a or_o continual_a in_o divers_a placer_fw-la now_o the_o general_a wind_n be_v only_o find_v in_o the_o sea_n of_o the_o torrid_a zone_n or_o that_o which_o lie_v between_o the_o tropic_n about_o the_o whole_a earth_n yet_o in_o some_o place_n it_o extend_v itself_o without_o the_o tropic_n the_o space_n of_o 7_o degree_n and_o they_o be_v call_v eastern_a that_o be_v the_o east-wind_n or_o collateral_a to_o the_o east_n as_o the_o southeast_n north-east_n viz._n which_o blow_n from_o the_o east_n towards_o the_o west_n for_o the_o whole_a year_n but_o they_o do_v not_o consist_v with_o the_o like_a constancy_n in_o all_o the_o part_n of_o that_o sea_n but_o in_o some_o they_o be_v more_o hinder_v and_o in_o some_o less_o they_o be_v more_o constant_a in_o the_o pacifick_n ocean_n viz._n in_o that_o part_n of_o it_o which_o lie_v between_o the_o tropic_n so_o that_o ship_n that_o lose_v from_o the_o port_n of_o aquapulco_n in_o new_a spain_n in_o america_n towards_o the_o philippin_n isle_n that_o be_v such_o as_o steer_v their_o course_n from_o the_o east_n to_o the_o west_n oftentimes_o for_o 60_o degree_n sail_v continual_o without_o any_o alteration_n or_o furl_v of_o the_o sail_n with_o a_o constant_a east_n or_o north-east_n wind_n neither_o unto_o this_o day_n have_v any_o ship_n in_o that_o most_o long_a voyage_n of_o 1650_o mile_n be_v cast_v away_o whence_o the_o mariner_n say_v that_o they_o may_v sleep_v secure_o in_o this_o voyage_n neither_o be_v there_o any_o need_n of_o guide_v the_o ship_n see_v that_o the_o general_a wind_n bring_v the_o ship_n to_o the_o wish_a port_n for_o here_o other_o wind_n do_v impede_fw-la the_o general_a wind._n the_o same_o constancy_n of_o this_o same_o easterly_a wind_n be_v find_v in_o the_o sea_n from_o the_o cape_n or_o promontory_n of_o good-hope_a in_o the_o bound_n of_o africa_n or_o rather_o from_o that_o procurrent_a part_n of_o africa_n which_o lie_v in_o the_o torrid_a zone_n even_o to_o brazil_n in_o the_o midst_n of_o which_o voyage_n lie_v the_o isle_n of_o st._n helena_n unto_o which_o mariner_n return_v from_o india_n unto_o europe_n be_v wont_a to_o direct_v their_o course_n the_o isle_n of_o st._n helena_n be_v distant_a from_o the_o promontory_n of_o good-hope_a 350_o mile_n and_o be_v oftentimes_o accomplish_v in_o sixteen_o day_n or_o also_o in_o twelve_o as_o the_o general_a wind_n be_v either_o vehement_a or_o slack_a for_o in_o this_o there_o be_v not_o a_o perpetual_a likeness_n the_o seaman_n use_v the_o same_o security_n 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make_v to_o the_o coast_n of_o brazil_n or_o the_o other_o isle_n call_v ascension_n to_o water_n at_o if_o then_o you_o demand_v by_o what_o course_n they_o sail_v when_o that_o the_o ship_n make_v a_o contrary_a voyage_n in_o this_o sea_n viz._n whilst_o that_o they_o steer_v from_o the_o philippin_n isle_n unto_o new_a spain_n or_o from_o brazil_n and_o the_o isle_n of_o st._n helena_n unto_o the_o promontory_n of_o good-hope_a whilst_o that_o they_o sail_v from_o india_n in_o these_o voyage_n the_o reader_n must_v know_v that_o mariner_n use_v a_o threefold_a mode_n for_o either_o they_o navigate_v the_o sea_n situate_v without_o the_o tropic_n therefore_o they_o do_v not_o touch_v at_o the_o isle_n of_o st._n helena_n whilst_o that_o they_o sail_v from_o europe_n into_o india_n or_o where_o necessary_o they_o must_v pass_v by_o this_o they_o do_v not_o direct_o steer_v their_o course_n from_o the_o west_n to_o the_o east_n but_o oblique_o from_o the_o north_n the_o collateral_a quarter_n of_o it_o to_o the_o south_n or_o the_o collateral_a quarter_n of_o it_o or_o last_o they_o choose_v such_o a_o time_n of_o navigation_n in_o which_o they_o know_v that_o that_o general_a wind_n be_v impede_v often_o by_o other_o but_o this_o latter_a because_o that_o it_o happen_v rare_o therefore_o they_o rather_o make_v choice_n of_o the_o two_o former_a modes_n of_o which_o we_o sâ—ll_z speak_v more_o in_o the_o chapter_n of_o navigation_n therefore_o there_o be_v two_o sea_n of_o the_o torrid_a zone_n in_o which_o that_o general_a oriental_a wind_n with_o its_o collateral_n reign_v throughout_o the_o whole_a year_n viz._n that_o which_o lie_v between_o the_o procurrent_a of_o africa_n and_o brazil_n the_o other_o be_v that_o which_o be_v extend_v between_o new_a spain_n or_o rather_o between_o america_n and_o the_o oriental_a island_n of_o which_o the_o philippin_n be_v a_o part_n the_o three_o part_n of_o this_o sea_n under_o the_o torrid_a zone_n viz._n between_o the_o procurrent_a of_o africa_n and_o the_o philippin_n or_o oriental_a island_n be_v not_o indeed_o destitute_a of_o this_o general_a wind_n but_o oftentimes_o it_o be_v hinder_v in_o this_o sea_n by_o reason_n of_o the_o frequency_n of_o island_n which_o hindrance_n yet_o in_o some_o place_n be_v more_o frequent_a than_o in_o other_o some_o between_o mozambique_n and_o india_n the_o general_a wind_n be_v of_o most_o force_n in_o january_n february_n march_n april_n in_o other_o month_n other_o wind_n do_v blow_n of_o which_o we_o shall_v speak_v in_o the_o follow_a proposition_n this_o general_a wind_n be_v more_o hinder_v in_o the_o sea_n of_o the_o indian_a isle_n at_o the_o isle_n of_o banda_n in_o the_o month_n of_o may_n the_o oriental_a wind_n begin_v to_o be_v prevalent_a be_v very_o violent_a and_o accompany_v with_o rain_n at_o malacca_n in_o september_n and_o in_o other_o place_n otherwise_o as_o we_o shall_v show_v in_o the_o follow_a proposition_n 3_o see_v proposition_n 3_o yet_o this_o you_o must_v know_v that_o this_o general_a wind_n do_v not_o equal_o extend_v itself_o in_o these_o sea_n towards_o the_o tropic_n in_o all_o part_n but_o that_o there_o be_v a_o great_a difference_n in_o this_o for_o the_o tropic_n be_v distant_a from_o the_o aequator_fw-la on_o both_o side_n 23_o ½_n deg_fw-la but_o the_o general_a wind_n may_v be_v discover_v in_o one_o meridian_n unto_o the_o latitude_n of_o 20_o degree_n in_o another_o meridian_n unto_o 15_o in_o another_o unto_o 12._o so_o in_o the_o indian_a ocean_n when_o in_o the_o month_n of_o february_n and_o january_n the_o east_n wind_n or_o south_n or_o southeast_n blow_v it_o be_v not_o discover_v until_o you_o come_v to_o the_o 15_o degree_n of_o latitude_n so_o unto_o those_o that_o sail_n from_o goa_n unto_o the_o promontory_n of_o good-hope_a here_o a_o general_a wind_n meet_v they_o at_o the_o 12_o deg_fw-la of_o south_n latitude_n and_o at_o the_o 28_o degree_n of_o the_o same_o latitude_n accompany_v they_o so_o also_o mariner_n have_v observe_v that_o no_o general_a wind_n blow_v between_o the_o 4._o degree_n of_o northern_a latitude_n even_o unto_o the_o 10_o or_o 11_o deg_fw-la between_o africa_n and_o america_n for_o when_o they_o have_v sail_v by_o that_o wind_n from_o st._n helena_n towards_o the_o aequator_fw-la even_o unto_o the_o 4_o deg_fw-la of_o northern_a latitude_n then_o be_v they_o destitute_a of_o that_o wind_n even_o until_o they_o come_v unto_o the_o 10_o degree_n of_o latitude_n and_o from_o that_o degree_n even_o unto_o the_o 30_o the_o north-east_n be_v again_o manifest_o find_v continual_o to_o blow_v although_o that_o the_o 30_o degree_n be_v 7_o degree_n from_o the_o torrid_a zone_n yet_o notwithstanding_o in_o the_o 6_o 7_o and_o 8._o degree_n of_o parallel_n latitude_n it_o also_o blow_v in_o some_o place_n but_o in_o
north_n latitude_n in_o the_o sea_n seventy_o mile_n from_o guinea_n a_o southeast_n wiad_o predominate_v from_o the_o 20_o of_o april_n to_o the_o 5_o of_o may_n but_o not_o on_o the_o shoar_n or_o in_o guinea_n itself_o after_o the_o 5_o of_o may_n the_o same_o wind_n be_v also_o discover_v at_o the_o 3_o deg_fw-la and_o 3_o ½_n of_o latitude_n 12._o at_o the_o isle_n of_o madagascar_n from_o the_o 15_o of_o april_n unto_o the_o last_o of_o may_n the_o north_n and_o north-west_n wind_n blow_v but_o in_o february_n and_o march_v the_o wind_n blow_v from_o the_o east_n and_o south_n 13._o in_o april_n or_o may_n in_o the_o tract_n of_o land_n and_o sea_n from_o madagascar_n to_o the_o promontory_n of_o good-hope_a the_o north_n wind_n and_o the_o wind_n collateral_a to_o the_o north_n blow_v continual_o to_o the_o east_n so_o that_o it_o be_v esteem_v a_o miracle_n if_o that_o the_o southo_n southeast_n wind_n blow_v for_o two_o day_n 14._o after_o the_o 20_o of_o april_n in_o the_o sea_n of_o bengala_n the_o south_n wind_n be_v violent_a before_o that_o day_n the_o south-west_n and_o north-west_n and_o those_o be_v very_o impetuous_a do_v predominate_a 15._o there_o be_v a_o motion_n for_o navigation_n from_o malacca_n to_o maccou_n in_o july_n october_n november_n december_n viz._n the_o south_n wind_n and_o south-west_n wind_n and_o oftentimes_o the_o southeast_n wind_n but_o in_o june_n and_o july_n at_o the_o begin_n the_o west_n wind_n rage_n about_o malacca_n and_o in_o the_o sea_n of_o china_n 16._o the_o motion_n by_o which_o they_o sail_v from_o java_n to_o china_n from_o the_o west_n to_o the_o east_n begin_v with_o the_o month_n of_o may._n 17._o the_o motion_n by_o which_o they_o sail_v from_o china_n to_o japan_n from_o the_o west_n to_o the_o east_n be_v in_o force_n in_o june_n and_o july_n viz._n the_o south-west_n wind_n but_o the_o north_n and_o collateral_a wind_n to_o the_o north_n at_o the_o east_n oftentimes_o interpose_v and_o that_o especial_o at_o the_o day_n time_n but_o in_o the_o night_n season_n the_o southeast_n and_o the_o first_o collateral_a wind_n at_o the_o east_n do_v interpose_v and_o let_v 18._o a_o contrary_a motion_n viz._n from_o japan_n to_o maccou_n from_o the_o east_n to_o the_o west_n be_v in_o february_n and_o march_v viz._n the_o east_n and_o north-east_n wind_n but_o these_o predominate_a not_o in_o the_o sea_n but_o on_o the_o coast_n of_o china_n which_o those_o that_o sail_n in_o that_o voyage_n from_o japan_n observe_v they_o term_v they_o the_o wind_n over_o the_o land_n 19_o the_o motion_n by_o which_o they_o sail_v from_o the_o phillippine_n isle_n or_o china_n to_o aquaepulco_n in_o america_n viz._n the_o western_a wind_n be_v observe_v in_o june_n july_n and_o august_n but_o they_o be_v very_o weak_a except_o in_o the_o full_a moon_n now_o they_o be_v the_o south-west_n wind_n but_o they_o avoid_v the_o torrid_a zone_n and_o choose_v the_o coast_n of_o america_n septentrional_n be_v to_o shun_v the_o wind_n that_o be_v general_a from_o the_o east_n which_o yet_o then_o be_v less_o vehement_a this_o therefore_o must_v be_v know_v in_o general_a that_o the_o occidental_a motion_n or_o west_n wind_n be_v more_o weak_a than_o the_o oriental_a because_o that_o these_o be_v help_v by_o a_o general_a wind_n but_o these_o be_v diminish_v by_o it_o 20._o in_o the_o sea_n of_o china_n a_o south_n and_o south-west_n motion_n reign_v in_o july_n august_n and_o october_n but_o if_o that_o these_o wind_n be_v change_v into_o a_o oriental_a motion_n they_o never_o present_o return_v to_o the_o south_n but_o first_o to_o the_o north_n hence_o when_o they_o have_v blow_v some_o day_n they_o return_v to_o the_o east_n and_o last_o to_o the_o south_n sometime_o the_o north-east_n be_v immediate_o change_v into_o the_o south-west_n sometime_o present_o from_o the_o north_n to_o the_o south_n and_o that_o here_o be_v sufficient_o frequent_a so_o in_o the_o sea_n anniversary_n wind_n be_v more_o constant_a unto_o which_o i_o add_v those_o that_o be_v less_o constant_a and_o those_o which_o on_o the_o coast_n and_o also_o on_o maritimate_a place_n be_v observe_v to_o be_v anniversary_n proposition_n iu._n the_o etesian_a wind_n so_o term_v that_o be_v anniversary_n in_o grece_n proceed_v from_o rain_n and_o snow_n dissolve_v on_o the_o mountain_n proceed_v of_o etesian_a wind_n and_o from_o what_o they_o proceed_v the_o grecian_n observe_v a_o twofold_a kind_n of_o wind_n on_o every_o year_n which_o be_v state_v and_o term_v etesian_a wind_n viz._n 1._o those_o in_o the_o summer_n or_o canicular_a wind_n which_o they_o call_v by_o the_o general_n term_n etesiae_n because_o that_o they_o be_v more_o strong_a and_o sensible_a 2._o the_o winter_n wind_n which_o they_o call_v the_o chelidonii_n or_o ornithiae_n the_o canicular_a etesian_a wind_n be_v northern_a in_o the_o place_n of_o the_o begin_n of_o which_o to_o a_o certain_a writer_n do_v much_o differ_v when_o that_o aristotle_n have_v add_v that_o they_o blow_v after_o the_o summer_n solstice_n he_o mention_v nothing_o of_o the_o true_a time_n which_o certain_o be_v a_o very_a great_a negligence_n which_o at_o length_n he_o augment_v where_o make_v mention_n of_o the_o ornithiae_n he_o omit_v both_o the_o time_n and_o the_o quarter_n of_o these_o wind_n but_o those_o that_o have_v note_v the_o time_n of_o the_o etesian_a wind_n they_o have_v observe_v that_o the_o forerunner_n of_o they_o begin_v to_o blow_v either_o on_o the_o 6_o of_o july_n or_o on_o the_o 15_o of_o july_n at_o the_o rise_n of_o the_o canicular_a or_o dog_n star_n now_o those_o wind_n blow_v 40_o day_n the_o whole_a space_n of_o the_o dog_n date_n and_o therefore_o end_v with_o the_o month_n of_o august_n but_o other_o extend_v they_o to_o september_n they_o only_o blow_v in_o the_o day_n and_o cease_v in_o the_o night_n therefore_o mariner_n former_o call_v they_o the_o sleepy_a and_o delicate_a wind_n the_o cause_n of_o these_o wind_n questionless_a be_v the_o dissolve_v of_o the_o snow_n cause_v by_o the_o heat_n of_o the_o sun_n on_o the_o northern_a mountain_n which_o at_o that_o time_n be_v very_o great_a by_o reason_n that_o now_o for_o divers_a month_n together_o almost_o he_o have_v continual_o shine_v on_o those_o mountain_n without_o any_o set_n and_o with_o this_o cause_n it_o apt_o agree_v that_o the_o etesian_a wind_n cease_v on_o the_o night_n because_o that_o then_o the_o resolution_n of_o the_o snow_n cease_v or_o at_o least_o be_v lesser_a than_o the_o generation_n of_o the_o wind_n require_v because_o that_o the_o sun_n than_o be_v over_o or_o near_o the_o horizon_n or_o else_o set_v whole_o the_o same_o northern_a canicular_a wind_n be_v not_o only_o in_o greece_n but_o also_o in_o thrace_n macedonia_n the_o aegean_a sea_n and_o the_o isle_n of_o the_o same_o all_o which_o region_n be_v sometime_o comprehend_v under_o the_o general_a term_n of_o greece_n yea_o in_o egypt_n also_o and_o it_o be_v probable_a that_o the_o wind_n which_o we_o have_v say_v in_o the_o former_a proposition_n blow_v in_o congo_n situate_a beyond_o the_o aequator_fw-la that_o that_o wind_n that_o blow_v from_o the_o north_n between_o march_n and_o september_n be_v the_o same_o with_o these_o etesian_a wind_n of_o the_o grecian_n or_o at_o least_o proceed_v from_o the_o same_o cause_n as_o also_o that_o north_n wind_n which_o we_o have_v say_v blow_v in_o the_o same_o month_n in_o the_o kingdom_n of_o guzurat_n from_o march_n to_o september_n these_o i_o say_v we_o ought_v to_o determine_v to_o proceed_v from_o the_o dissolve_a snow_n of_o the_o mountain_n of_o asia_n term_v the_o sarmatian_a mountain_n and_o the_o girdle_n of_o the_o world_n and_o therefore_o we_o reckon_v it_o among_o the_o motion_n the_o second_o anniversary_n wind_n of_o the_o grecian_n be_v the_o chelidonian_a which_o they_o relate_v to_o begin_v after_o winter_n but_o have_v not_o note_v the_o day_n 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be_v say_v to_o be_v like_a unto_o it_o then_o after_o a_o while_n the_o cloud_n augment_v and_o extend_v itself_o over_o the_o whole_a plain_a of_o the_o mountain_n then_o on_o a_o sudden_a a_o ecnephias_n break_v forth_o from_o the_o top_n of_o the_o mountain_n with_o so_o great_a violence_n that_o it_o oversetteth_a and_o send_v to_o the_o bottom_n ship_n that_o be_v unprovided_a and_o not_o well_o strengthen_v but_o seaman_n be_v now_o more_o cautious_a when_o that_o they_o once_o discover_v that_o bull_n or_o oxes-eye_n present_o depart_v from_o the_o shoar_n as_o far_o as_o they_o can_v and_o then_o furl_v their_o sail_n and_o use_v other_o artifices_fw-la to_o preserve_v their_o ship_n neither_o do_v this_o prognostic_n ever_o fail_v therefore_o they_o fly_v this_o deadly_a banquet_n after_o the_o same_o mode_n a_o ecnephias_n rage_v at_o terra_fw-la de_fw-la nata_fw-la the_o bulls-eye_n fore-runing_a it_o by_o which_o many_o ship_n have_v be_v cast_v away_o and_o so_o it_o be_v also_o in_o that_o whole_a tract_n between_o that_o and_z and_o the_o promontory_n of_o good-hope_a in_o dauphin_n in_o france_n not_o far_o from_o vienna_n be_v a_o high_a mountain_n on_o the_o top_n of_o which_o be_v a_o standing-pool_n from_o whence_o all_o tempest_n seem_v to_o arise_v in_o these_o place_n on_o the_o top_n of_o it_o be_v procreate_v a_o cloudy_a exhalation_n which_o foreshow_v immediate_o thunder_n or_o storm_n to_o succeed_v in_o the_o sea_n between_o america_n and_o africa_n and_o near_o the_o aequator_fw-la such_o ecnephiae_fw-la and_o travado_n be_v frequent_a especial_o in_o those_o month_n in_o which_o no_o wind_n blow_v constant_o or_o if_o they_o do_v it_o be_v very_o seldom_o viz._n throughout_o the_o whole_a year_n especial_o in_o april_n may_n and_o june_n in_o other_o month_n it_o be_v more_o rare_a and_o they_o be_v very_o observable_a on_o the_o coast_n of_o guinea_n the_o portugal_n as_o i_o have_v say_v call_v they_o travado_n which_o word_n also_o 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now_o guardafu_n not_o far_o from_o the_o mouth_n of_o the_o red_a sea_n in_o may_n every_o year_n the_o northwind_n rage_v and_o a_o most_o violent_a ecnephias_n for_o you_o must_v know_v that_o as_o some_o anniversary_n wind_n be_v less_o violent_a so_o also_o tempest_n and_o ecnephiae_fw-la be_v anniversary_n in_o some_o place_n in_o such_o a_o ecnephias_n not_o far_o from_o that_o place_n the_o portugal_n admiral_n sodrens_n be_v lose_v anno_fw-la 1505_o who_o be_v forewarn_v by_o the_o african_n will_v not_o follow_v good_a advice_n but_o in_o the_o mouth_n of_o this_o arabian_a sea_n as_o also_o in_o arabia_n and_o aethiopia_n a_o peculiar_a and_o wonderful_a ecnephias_n do_v somewhat_o happen_v viz._n a_o thick_a and_o black_a cloud_n mix_v with_o nubicular_a flame_n like_v to_o a_o burn_a furnace_n dismal_a to_o behold_v cloud_v the_o day_n in_o darkness_n of_o a_o instant_n a_o storm_n break_v forth_o the_o rage_n or_o which_o be_v by_o and_o by_o pacify_v but_o it_o cast_v 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now_o this_o ecnephias_n arise_v from_o the_o northern_a quarter_n into_o which_o the_o red-sea_n be_v extend_v and_o therefore_o it_o be_v probable_a that_o see_v so_o great_a a_o quantity_n of_o this_o sand_n be_v sound_a on_o the_o shore_n of_o this_o sea_n that_o it_o be_v raise_v aloft_o by_o the_o wind_n and_o that_o thence_o that_o red_a colour_n be_v see_v in_o the_o cloud_n and_o thence_o also_o the_o sand_n be_v eject_v from_o the_o cloud_n that_o such_o a_o ecnephias_n arise_v in_o lybia_n by_o reason_n of_o the_o great_a quantity_n of_o sand_n be_v not_o improbable_a and_o be_v in_o some_o measure_n know_v to_o the_o ancient_n who_o therefore_o write_v that_o the_o access_n to_o the_o famous_a temple_n of_o jupiter_n ammon_n in_o lybia_n be_v difficult_a neither_o be_v they_o altogether_o ignorant_a of_o the_o generation_n of_o mumia_fw-la twistius_n a_o dutchman_n that_o live_v a_o long_a time_n in_o india_n say_v that_o in_o the_o kingdom_n of_o guzurat_a cloud_n of_o sand_n or_o a_o huge_a quantity_n of_o dust_n that_o be_v elevate_v by_o the_o heat_n of_o the_o sun_n do_v oftentimes_o overwhelm_v the_o traveller_n now_o we_o must_v speak_v of_o the_o cause_n of_o this_o tempestuous_a wind_n whence_o the_o ecnephias_n proceed_v it_o be_v evident_a that_o it_o break_v forth_o of_o a_o cloud_n now_o there_o be_v two_o modes_n by_o which_o such_o a_o wind_n may_v seem_v to_o be_v generate_v from_o a_o cloud_n 1._o if_o that_o a_o cloud_n tend_v downward_o by_o its_o gravity_n strike_v the_o air_n with_o a_o great_a force_n as_o we_o discover_v by_o experience_n if_o that_o stretch_v forth_o sail_n fall_v the_o air_n be_v move_v with_o a_o impetus_fw-la and_o thence_o it_o come_v to_o pass_v that_o by_o how_o much_o the_o cloud_n or_o bulls-eye_n appear_v less_o by_o so_o much_o the_o storm_n be_v the_o great_a that_o follow_v viz._n because_o that_o the_o cloud_n be_v more_o high_a and_o therefore_o appear_v small_a and_o descend_v down_o from_o a_o high_a place_n it_o more_o vehement_o strike_v the_o air_n the_o other_o be_v the_o motion_n of_o the_o generation_n if_o that_o the_o wind_n include_v in_o the_o cloud_n break_v forth_o sudden_o or_o by_o reason_n of_o some_o fire_n or_o sulphureous_a matter_n the_o way_n be_v render_v straight_o and_o other_o outlet_n be_v restrain_v the_o vapour_n strike_v as_o from_o a_o vessel_n of_o a_o narrow_a mouth_n contain_v water_n if_o that_o it_o be_v heap_v the_o wind_n break_v forth_o but_o the_o first_o cause_n seem_v more_o probable_a proposition_n xi_o a_o exhydrias_n be_v a_o wind_n break_v from_o a_o cloud_n with_o great_a abundance_n of_o water_n exhydrias_n a_o wind_n call_v a_o exhydrias_n it_o be_v little_a different_a from_o a_o ecnephias_n but_o that_o the_o cloud_n from_o whence_o it_o seem_v to_o break_v be_v now_o condense_a into_o water_n and_o so_o long_o uphold_v by_o other_o circumstantial_a cloud_n and_o peradventure_o force_v into_o one_o by_o the_o wind_n until_o by_o its_o ponderosity_n it_o rush_v downward_o and_o strike_v the_o air_n whence_o a_o great_a wind_n proceed_v but_o these_o exhydrias_n be_v very_o rare_a yet_o the_o ecnephias_n have_v for_o the_o most_o part_n ra_n shower_n or_o thick_a cloud_n accompany_v he_o and_o therefore_o only_o differ_v from_o the_o exhydrias_n according_a to_o the_o more_o or_o the_o less_o for_o a_o nimbus_n be_v nothing_o else_o but_o a_o wind_n with_o a_o violent_a rain_n and_o therefore_o be_v more_o general_a than_o a_o ecnephias_n but_o a_o exhydrias_n oftentimes_o fall_v perpendicular_o from_o the_o top_n proposition_n xii_o a_o typhon_n be_v a_o violent_a wind_n pass_v swift_o through_o all_o the_o quarter_n about_o a_o place_n and_o for_o the_o most_o part_n rush_v from_o the_o top_n typhon_n a_o wind_n call_v a_o typhon_n the_o saracen_n call_v it_o olifant_n the_o
this_o his_o entrance_n do_v not_o happen_v on_o the_o 21th_o of_o every_o month_n but_o in_o some_o month_n before_o and_o in_o some_o after_o therefore_o when_o we_o desire_v to_o know_v the_o precise_a place_n of_o the_o sun_n we_o must_v look_v for_o it_o in_o a_o ephemerides_n or_o in_o our_o almanac_n the_o place_n of_o the_o sun_n be_v find_v also_o in_o the_o wooden_a horizon_n of_o the_o artificial_a globe_n for_o every_o day_n of_o the_o year_n when_o one_o may_v search_v when_o the_o globe_n be_v at_o hand_n for_o it_o be_v a_o grand_a fault_n in_o a_o learned_a or_o know_a person_n to_o be_v ignorant_a of_o the_o motion_n of_o the_o sun_n see_v that_o from_o thence_o all_o the_o season_n of_o the_o year_n also_o the_o day_n and_o night_n with_o many_o other_o thing_n do_v depend_v of_o all_o which_o there_o be_v great_a use_n in_o the_o life_n of_o man_n chap._n xxiii_o of_o the_o latitude_n of_o place_n and_o the_o elevation_n of_o the_o pole_n proposition_n i._o the_o latitude_n of_o a_o place_n in_o the_o superficies_n of_o the_o earth_n be_v the_o distance_n of_o the_o same_o from_o the_o aequator_fw-la earth_n of_o the_o latitude_n of_o the_o earth_n now_o a_o perpendicular_a line_n or_o arch_n draw_v from_o the_o place_n give_v to_o the_o aequator_fw-la measure_v this_o distance_n and_o by_o reason_n that_o the_o meridian_n of_o every_o place_n be_v perpendicular_a to_o the_o aequator_fw-la therefore_o the_o latitude_n of_o the_o place_n be_v the_o arch_n of_o the_o meridian_n of_o that_o place_n intercept_v between_o the_o place_n and_o the_o aequator_fw-la earth_n the_o longitude_n of_o the_o earth_n this_o be_v term_v the_o latitude_n of_o the_o earth_n who_o extension_n be_v in_o the_o superficies_n from_o one_o pole_n to_o the_o other_o as_o the_o longitude_n of_o the_o earth_n be_v the_o extension_n of_o the_o same_o return_v from_o the_o west_n by_o the_o east_n unto_o the_o west_n which_o be_v the_o same_o with_o the_o aequinoctial_a line_n proposition_n ii_o the_o elevation_n of_o the_o pole_n of_o any_o place_n or_o above_o the_o horizon_n of_o any_o place_n be_v call_v the_o arch_n of_o the_o celestial_a meridian_n of_o that_o place_n intercept_v between_o one_o or_o other_o celestial_a pole_n and_o the_o horizon_n of_o that_o place_n pole_n elevation_n of_o the_o pole_n it_o may_v also_o be_v say_v to_o be_v the_o arch_n of_o the_o terrestrial_a meridian_n intercept_v between_o one_o or_o other_o of_o the_o pole_n of_o the_o earth_n and_o the_o horizon_n for_o by_o this_o mode_n it_o may_v be_v more_o just_o desire_v if_o that_o the_o earth_n cause_n the_o first_o motion_n but_o astronomer_n for_o the_o most_o part_n apply_v the_o definition_n to_o the_o imaginary_a celestial_a pole_n proposition_n iii_o to_o find_v the_o latitude_n of_o a_o place_n give_v in_o the_o superficies_n of_o the_o globe_n of_o the_o earth_n in_o degree_n and_o minute_n if_o that_o the_o globe_n be_v great_a the_o same_o latitude_n 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in_o the_o corollary_n of_o the_o follow_a proposition_n we_o shall_v show_v a_o easy_a method_n of_o perform_v the_o fame_n proposition_n v._o the_o latitude_n of_o the_o place_n be_v equal_a to_o the_o altitude_n or_o elevation_n of_o the_o pole_n above_o the_o horizon_n of_o that_o place_n this_o be_v show_v by_o the_o globe_n thus_o take_v a_o place_n as_o you_o please_v in_o the_o superficies_n of_o the_o globe_n then_o so_o place_v the_o globe_n that_o the_o wooden_a horizon_n may_v be_v the_o horizon_n of_o the_o place_n now_o let_v the_o degree_n of_o latitude_n of_o the_o place_n and_o the_o elevation_n of_o the_o pole_n be_v number_v and_o they_o will_v be_v find_v equal_a scheme_n the_o theory_v show_v by_o a_o mathematical_a demonstration_n see_v scheme_n the_o theorem_fw-la be_v thus_o show_v by_o a_o mathematical_a demonstration_n let_v c_o be_v the_o centre_n of_o the_o earth_n l_o and_z place_n in_o the_o superficies_n p_o the_o pole_n h_n p_o l_o z_o shall_v be_v the_o 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blow_v some_o be_v fix_v wind_n of_o which_o we_o have_v large_o treat_v in_o the_o one_o and_o twenty_o chapter_n now_o these_o wind_n do_v very_o much_o disturb_v the_o celestial_a cause_n of_o the_o season_n for_o they_o be_v almost_o as_o equal_o constant_a and_o observe_v order_n as_o the_o motion_n of_o the_o heaven_n itself_o they_o bring_v down_o the_o air_n compel_v the_o vapour_n towards_o the_o top_n of_o the_o mountain_n and_o by_o other_o mode_n alter_v the_o season_n ten_o anniversary_n rain_n be_v in_o many_o place_n of_o the_o torrid_a zone_n and_o take_v away_o the_o celestial_a cause_n see_v that_o they_o be_v as_o equal_o constant_a as_o the_o motion_n of_o the_o sun_n itself_o for_o those_o err_v who_o suppose_v that_o this_o our_o sublunary_a orb_n observe_v all_o with_o inconstancy_n and_o without_o order_n and_o that_o the_o celestial_a only_o have_v a_o constant_a motion_n see_v that_o the_o cause_n hitherto_o speak_v of_o be_v so_o various_a to_o be_v able_a to_o cause_v the_o heat_n and_o the_o property_n of_o the_o season_n and_o in_o one_o place_n some_o be_v from_o other_o cause_n in_o another_o other_o be_v of_o force_n or_o concur_v in_o divers_a season_n of_o the_o year_n or_o mutual_o impede_fw-la one_o another_o hence_o we_o discover_v why_o the_o cause_n and_o condition_n of_o the_o season_n of_o the_o torrid_a zone_n be_v so_o various_a proposition_n xi_o how_o the_o spring_n summer_n autumn_n and_o winter_n terrestrial_a do_v behave_v themselves_o and_o in_o what_o month_n of_o the_o year_n they_o commence_v in_o the_o divers_a place_n of_o the_o torrid_a zone_n zone_n of_o the_o beginning_n of_o the_o season_n in_o place_n in_o the_o torrid_a zone_n we_o have_v say_v before_o and_o especial_o in_o the_o second_o proposition_n that_o
february_n in_o congo_n here_o therefore_o the_o terrestrial_a season_n be_v repugnant_a to_o the_o celestial_a because_o that_o in_o january_n and_o february_n the_o sun_n be_v not_o most_o remote_a from_o those_o place_n and_o therefore_o they_o shall_v not_o have_v rain_n but_o rather_o siccity_n without_o doubt_v the_o cause_n be_v either_o from_o another_o situation_n of_o the_o mountain_n another_o fix_a wind_n or_o the_o like_a 6._o the_o island_n of_o st._n thomas_n thomas_n see_v the_o description_n of_o st._n thomas_n and_o anobon_n be_v very_o abundant_a in_o sugar_n grain_n fruit_n and_o meat_n and_o great_a plenty_n of_o orange_n etc._n etc._n 7._o how_o the_o season_n be_v in_o the_o other_o region_n of_o the_o occidental_a coast_n of_o africa_n from_o lowango_n to_o the_o tropic_a of_o capricorn_n i_o have_v not_o yet_o find_v to_o be_v observe_v by_o any_o one_o 8._o therefore_o that_o shore_n be_v leave_v and_o the_o promontory_n of_o good-hope_a be_v sail_v about_o 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many_o in_o the_o northern_a torrid_a zone_n 11._o now_o leave_v africa_n we_o enter_v the_o region_n of_o asia_n lie_v under_o the_o torrid_a zone_n where_o first_o we_o meet_v with_o the_o region_n of_o arabia_n adjacent_a to_o the_o red_a sea_n from_o mecca_n to_o aden_n 12_o degree_n from_o the_o aequator_fw-la towards_o the_o north_n which_o regard_n the_o west_n day_n the_o merchant_n at_o aden_n negoriate_v their_o affair_n in_o the_o night_n season_n by_o reason_n of_o heat_n in_o the_o day_n on_o the_o east_n they_o have_v the_o arabian_a mountain_n these_o region_n be_v exceed_o infest_a with_o heat_n in_o march_n and_o april_n and_o more_o in_o the_o follow_a month_n whilst_o the_o sun_n approach_v to_o their_o vertex_fw-la and_o about_o it_o it_o remain_v may_n june_n july_n and_o august_n the_o chalure_n be_v so_o great_a that_o the_o inhabitant_n especial_o the_o better_a sort_n cause_n water_n to_o be_v pour_v on_o their_o body_n all_o the_o day_n long_o or_o else_o lie_v in_o vessel_n of_o water_n to_o refresh_v they_o i_o suppose_v the_o cause_n to_o be_v the_o defect_n of_o watery_a vapour_n because_o on_o the_o oriental_a part_n the_o region_n be_v rocky_a and_o have_v but_o few_o river_n now_o the_o oriental_a wind_n which_o be_v general_a although_o it_o be_v not_o there_o perceive_v repell_v the_o vapour_n rise_v from_o the_o red_a sea_n likewise_o the_o abundance_n of_o sand_n which_o retain_v the_o heat_n receive_v in_o the_o night_n and_o communicate_v it_o to_o the_o air._n therefore_o this_o time_n of_o the_o summer_n and_o winter_n agree_v with_o the_o celestial_a course_n 12._o the_o same_o be_v the_o case_n of_o all_o arabia_n and_o its_o eastern_a coast_n 13._o in_o camboja_n in_o india_n lie_v under_o the_o tropic_a of_o cancer_n as_o also_o in_o the_o region_n of_o malabar_n or_o the_o eastern_a coast_n of_o the_o indies_n which_o regard_v the_o west_n and_o extend_v themselves_o from_o the_o north_n towards_o the_o south_n to_o the_o eight_o degree_n of_o north_n latitude_n i_o say_v these_o region_n the_o winter_n or_o rainy_a season_n possess_v the_o month_n of_o june_n july_n august_n and_o september_n but_o especial_o from_o the_o middle_n of_o june_n to_o the_o middle_n of_o september_n neither_o in_o all_o these_o place_n do_v it_o rain_n in_o a_o equal_a time_n but_o more_o continual_o in_o the_o province_n of_o goana_n and_o cocina_n and_o less_o in_o camboja_n where_o it_o only_o rain_v three_o month_n in_o the_o other_o eight_o month_n it_o seldom_o rain_v in_o camboja_n but_o in_o goa_n in_o the_o month_n of_o april_n and_o may_v it_o rain_v but_o less_o vehement_a and_o beginning_n with_o thunder_n and_o storm_n so_o that_o to_o autumn_n here_o may_v be_v ascribe_v half_o the_o month_n of_o march_n also_o april_n and_o may_v to_o the_o 15_o of_o june_n then_o from_o the_o 15_o of_o june_n july_n and_o august_n to_o winter_n likewise_o from_o the_o 15_o of_o september_n to_o december_n the_o 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there_o any_o violent_a rain_n in_o these_o place_n in_o the_o field_n except_o some_o storm_n by_o reason_n that_o it_o cease_v for_o many_o hour_n of_o the_o day_n therefore_o it_o afford_v the_o inhabitant_n a_o time_n of_o plant_v and_o sow_v which_o they_o do_v in_o these_o watery_a month_n the_o air_n also_o be_v of_o a_o moderate_a heat_n at_o that_o time_n because_o the_o sun_n be_v obstruct_v with_o cloud_n so_o that_o the_o remote_a inhabitant_n expatiate_v from_o the_o shore_n to_o the_o hill_n and_o field_n for_o recreation_n where_o the_o inundation_n be_v not_o great_a and_o incredible_a fertility_n be_v acquire_v to_o the_o earth_n by_o this_o rain_n but_o if_o these_o rain_n fall_v not_o on_o the_o year_n as_o in_o anno_fw-la 1630._o which_o seldom_o happen_v than_o all_o hope_n of_o sow_v and_o consequent_o harvest_n be_v take_v away_o thence_o come_v scarcity_n of_o corn_n a_o hot_a sultery_n air_n burn_v fever_n pestilence_n and_o death_n of_o thousand_o of_o people_n in_o the_o say_a year_n 1630_o 1630._o a_o great_a famine_n in_o camboja_n in_o 1630._o and_o the_o year_n follow_v man_n flesh_n be_v public_o sell_v in_o the_o shambles_n in_o camboja_n sometime_o the_o shore_n do_v so_o rage_v that_o the_o house_n which_o be_v but_o slight_o build_v fall_v by_o the_o inundation_n of_o the_o river_n they_o sow_v in_o may_n and_o the_o beginning_n of_o june_n and_o reap_v in_o november_n and_o december_n it_o be_v otherwise_o in_o guiny_n this_o summer_n and_o this_o winter_n be_v contrary_a to_o the_o celestial_a course_n or_o motion_n of_o the_o sun_n for_o in_o the_o month_n of_o july_n and_o august_n the_o sun_n be_v vertical_a to_o those_o place_n or_o very_o near_o the_o vertex_fw-la therefore_o they_o must_v have_v heat_n and_o drought_n this_o be_v the_o great_a felicity_n of_o those_o place_n
for_o if_o these_o rain_n fall_v not_o and_o the_o cloud_n obscure_v not_o the_o sun_n that_o great_a heat_n of_o the_o sun_n will_v render_v the_o ground_n sandy_n and_o sterile_a as_o lybia_n and_o arabia_n where_o these_o rain_n be_v not_o the_o sun_n be_v near_o the_o vertex_fw-la contrary_a wise_n in_o the_o month_n of_o december_n january_n and_o february_n they_o shall_v have_v winter_n or_o lesser_a heat_n because_o that_o then_o the_o sun_n be_v most_o remote_a from_o they_o and_o then_o they_o have_v summer_n yet_o in_o the_o night_n the_o air_n be_v cold_a enough_o moreover_o a_o continual_a wind_n from_o the_o 12_o hour_n of_o the_o day_n to_o the_o 12_o hour_n of_o the_o night_n blow_v from_o the_o sea_n which_o be_v very_o acceptable_a 14._o in_o the_o coast_n of_o the_o east_n indies_n which_o be_v call_v choromandel_n the_o season_n also_o differ_v from_o the_o heaven_n for_o in_o the_o month_n of_o march_n april_n may_n and_o june_n the_o sun_n cause_v vehement_a heat_n and_o there_o be_v no_o rain_n now_o the_o people_n which_o for_o the_o most_o part_n be_v saracen_n divide_v the_o year_n into_o the_o hot_a the_o wet_a and_o the_o cold_a season_n the_o hot_a or_o summer_n as_o i_o have_v say_v be_v in_o the_o month_n of_o march_n april_n may_n and_o june_n but_o the_o intolerable_a heat_n be_v from_o the_o middle_n of_o may_n to_o the_o middle_n of_o june_n the_o wind_n blow_v from_o the_o north_n unto_o which_o if_o you_o turn_v your_o face_n you_o shall_v discover_v so_o great_a a_o heat_n of_o the_o air_n as_o if_o you_o draw_v nigh_o a_o oven_n for_o the_o sun_n then_o in_o that_o plaga_fw-la be_v in_o the_o meridies_n also_o the_o wood_n and_o stone_n contract_v a_o great_a heat_n yet_o the_o water_n in_o the_o well_n be_v so_o cold_a that_o many_o drink_n thereof_o for_o extreme_a heat_n die_v the_o great_a heat_n of_o the_o day_n be_v between_o nine_o in_o the_o forenoon_n and_o three_o in_o the_o afternoon_n in_o these_o intermedial_a hour_n they_o rest_v from_o travel_v the_o other_o hour_n before_o nine_o in_o the_o morning_n and_o three_o in_o the_o afternoon_n the_o air_n be_v at_o least_o tolerable_o temperate_a serene_a and_o acceptable_a the_o heaven_n delightful_a and_o travel_v pleasant_a the_o wet_n season_n take_v up_o four_o month_n july_n august_n september_n and_o october_n the_o cold_a season_n november_n december_n january_n and_o february_n in_o december_n and_o january_n the_o cold_a be_v sensible_a enough_o especial_o in_o the_o night_n here_o be_v many_o thing_n which_o deserve_v our_o enquiry_n for_o in_o the_o month_n of_o march_n april_n may_n and_o june_n the_o sun_n come_v to_o those_o place_n of_o the_o coast_n of_o choromandel_n and_o become_v vertical_a to_o they_o therefore_o it_o be_v no_o wonder_n if_o they_o have_v great_a heat_n but_o why_o have_v they_o not_o the_o same_o heat_n in_o july_n and_o august_n see_v he_o be_v equal_o as_o near_o they_o in_o those_o month_n and_o by_o 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of_o the_o sun_n in_o the_o same_o month_n of_o the_o year_n from_o the_o sun_n rise_v beyond_o the_o mountain_n of_o gatis_n which_o by_o a_o direct_a excursion_n to_o the_o promontory_n of_o cori_n intersect_v the_o whole_a region_n of_o malabar_n there_o be_v summer_n and_o drought_n and_o from_o the_o west_n on_o this_o side_n gatis_n there_o be_v rains_n and_o winter_n that_o in_o so_o near_o a_o propinquity_n of_o place_n in_o respect_n of_o the_o course_n of_o the_o season_n the_o same_o people_n almost_o seem_v antipode_n one_o to_o another_o but_o not_o only_o in_o these_o but_o also_o in_o other_o we_o have_v show_v this_o diversity_n to_o be_v find_v and_o shall_v show_v more_o anon_o the_o cause_n be_v the_o situation_n of_o the_o mountain_n which_o determinate_a the_o land_n of_o choromandel_n from_o malabar_n proceed_v from_o the_o north_n towards_o the_o south_n to_o this_o must_v be_v add_v divers_a wind_n for_o on_o the_o coast_n of_o choromandel_n a_o general_a eastern_a wind_n be_v more_o discover_v except_o in_o the_o summer_n month_n of_o may_n and_o june_n which_o drive_v the_o vapour_n towards_o the_o top_n of_o the_o mountain_n whence_o it_o rain_v in_o the_o land_n of_o malabar_n these_o mountain_n top_n be_v discover_v to_o be_v continual_o cover_v with_o cloud_n in_o the_o pluvial_a month_n also_o more_o vehement_a shower_n in_o those_o where_o the_o rain_n be_v in_o malabar_n but_o when_o it_o rain_v in_o the_o region_n of_o choromandel_n then_o be_v there_o a_o serenity_n in_o the_o top_n of_o the_o mountain_n as_o in_o the_o land_n of_o malabar_n except_o the_o month_n july_n and_o august_n for_o in_o these_o it_o rain_v in_o both_o land_n 15._o in_o the_o region_n of_o the_o gangick_a sea_n opposite_a to_o the_o coast_n of_o chroromandel_n and_o in_o the_o northern_a torrid_a zone_n as_o sian_n peru_n the_o chersonesus_n of_o malacca_n the_o pluvial_a month_n in_o which_o the_o river_n overslow_v be_v september_n october_n and_o 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valley_n for_o although_o it_o fall_v in_o great_a abundance_n and_o be_v heap_v up_o so_o high_a that_o it_o ascend_v the_o top_n of_o mountain_n and_o be_v heap_v together_o in_o the_o vacuity_n of_o the_o mountain_n as_o in_o so_o many_o well_n and_o endure_v almost_o the_o whole_a year_n yet_o be_v there_o dissolve_v they_o flow_v into_o the_o river_n and_o torrent_n which_o run_v through_o the_o valley_n with_o a_o great_a force_n even_o to_o the_o sea_n to_o the_o great_a enrichment_n of_o the_o ground_n but_o although_o here_o it_o snow_n not_o except_o rare_o in_o the_o plain_n yet_o it_o make_v so_o excessive_a a_o frost_n that_o the_o like_a be_v scarce_o feel_v in_o many_o part_n of_o europe_n which_o happen_v partly_o from_o the_o altitude_n of_o the_o pole_n partly_o from_o the_o propinquity_n of_o the_o mountain_n from_o which_o descend_v so_o subtle_a and_o penetrate_a wind_n that_o sometime_o they_o be_v unsufferable_a whence_o it_o come_v to_o pass_v that_o the_o 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and_o asia_n lie_v under_o the_o same_o climate_n have_v far_o lesser_a winter_n the_o cause_n be_v because_o that_o japan_n consist_v of_o many_o island_n disjoin_v by_o a_o small_a euripus_n and_o that_o it_o also_o lie_v in_o the_o middle_n of_o the_o ocean_n summer_n america_n very_o hot_a in_o the_o summer_n in_o armenia_n and_o the_o adjoin_a place_n there_o be_v great_a heat_n in_o summer_n because_o it_o lie_v among_o mountain_n here_o and_o there_o mix_v with_o field_n hence_o the_o more_o rich_a in_o some_o place_n in_o summer_n remove_v to_o the_o top_n of_o the_o mountain_n and_o remain_v there_o for_o some_o month_n but_o the_o mean_a sort_n in_o the_o day_n time_n defend_v themselves_o in_o the_o mountain_n from_o the_o near_a and_o about_o eventide_n do_v descend_v to_o the_o low_a ground_n proposition_n xiii_o to_o declare_v how_o in_o place_n in_o the_o frigid_a zone_n the_o four_o season_n of_o the_o year_n have_v themselves_o with_o the_o light_n zone_n of_o the_o place_n in_o the_o frigid_a zone_n the_o cause_n of_o those_o season_n with_o the_o light_n propose_v in_o the_o entrance_n of_o this_o chapter_n thus_o stand_v in_o the_o frigid_a zone_n 1._o the_o centre_n of_o the_o sun_n for_o some_o day_n or_o month_n as_o the_o place_n be_v either_o near_o or_o remote_a from_o the_o pole_n do_v not_o arise_v above_o the_o horizon_n and_o for_o so_o many_o day_n set_v not_o 2._o in_o those_o day_n when_o he_o be_v above_o the_o horizon_n he_o only_o illustrate_v those_o place_n with_o his_o oblique_a ray_n because_o he_o be_v not_o much_o elevate_v above_o the_o horizon_n but_o move_v round_o it_o because_o those_o place_n be_v over_o much_o remove_v from_o the_o way_n of_o the_o sun_n 3._o the_o sun_n be_v not_o deep_o depress_v beneath_o the_o horizon_n yea_o in_o place_n near_o the_o polary_a circle_n or_o arctic_a pole_n although_o the_o centre_n of_o the_o sun_n do_v not_o arise_v yet_o part_n of_o his_o skirt_n arise_v and_o be_v behold_v for_o some_o day_n above_o the_o horizon_n before_o the_o centre_n itself_o arise_v by_o reason_n that_o the_o half_a sun_n possess_v 15_o minute_n in_o the_o heaven_n for_o example_n let_v we_o take_v those_o place_n who_o distance_n be_v from_o the_o aequator_fw-la 67_o degree_n towards_o the_o pole_n arctic_a let_v the_o pole_n be_v elevate_v according_a to_o this_o latitude_n and_o in_o the_o meridian_n crena_n of_o the_o horizon_n you_o shall_v see_v that_o the_o degree_n of_o the_o ecliptic_a do_v not_o arise_v from_o the_o 19_o degree_n of_o sagittarius_fw-la to_o the_o 11_o of_o capricorn_n that_o be_v the_o centre_n of_o the_o sun_n be_v in_o that_o arch_n do_v not_o arise_v for_o 24_o day_n viz._n from_o the_o 10_o of_o december_n to_o the_o four_o of_o january_n and_o yet_o part_v of_o the_o skirt_n of_o the_o sun_n for_o that_o whole_a time_n shall_v be_v above_o the_o horizon_n to_o wit_n on_o the_o 21_o of_o december_n the_o limbus_n glitter_v the_o horizon_n but_o on_o the_o 10_o of_o december_n as_o also_o on_o the_o first_o of_o january_n half_o the_o sun_n shall_v be_v above_o the_o horizon_n and_o half_o beneath_o because_o the_o centre_n be_v then_o in_o the_o horizon_n but_o the_o whole_a sun_n shall_v be_v elevate_v above_o the_o horizon_n when_o the_o centre_n of_o the_o sun_n shall_v hold_v the_o 14_o degree_n of_o capricorn_n that_o be_v about_o the_o 4_o day_n of_o january_n also_o the_o whole_a shall_v afterward_o appear_v when_o his_o centre_n shall_v possess_v the_o 16_o degree_n of_o sagittarius_fw-la that_o be_v about_o the_o 7_o of_o december_n but_o in_o place_n where_o the_o elevation_n of_o the_o pole_n be_v 70_o or_o 75_o degree_n there_o this_o difference_n between_o the_o oriental_a limbus_n and_o the_o oriental_a centre_n be_v very_o little_a so_o that_o the_o limbus_n or_o skirt_n scarce_o anticipate_v the_o rise_n of_o the_o centre_n of_o the_o sun_n one_o day_n or_o half_o a_o day_n from_o this_o small_a of_o depression_n it_o follow_v also_o that_o they_o enjoy_v the_o light_n of_o the_o crepusculum_fw-la many_o hour_n before_o the_o rise_n and_o after_o the_o set_n of_o the_o sun_n and_o although_o the_o sun_n arise_v not_o yet_o in_o all_o or_o many_o of_o the_o hour_n of_o the_o day_n they_o have_v light_n in_o the_o air._n there_o be_v also_o another_o cause_n 19_o see_v chap._n 19_o which_o make_v the_o sun_n first_o to_o be_v see_v before_o that_o he_o be_v elevate_v above_o the_o horizon_n for_o thence_o it_o come_v to_o pass_v that_o not_o only_o the_o sun_n be_v see_v before_o he_o be_v elevate_v above_o the_o horizon_n and_o before_o the_o ray_n can_v direct_o come_v from_o he_o to_o the_o eye_n but_o also_o that_o the_o light_n of_o the_o twilight_n soon_o illustrate_v
the_o air_n than_o it_o will_v do_v without_o this_o refraction_n we_o shall_v anon_o allege_v a_o example_n of_o the_o appearancy_n of_o the_o sun_n proceed_v from_o refraction_n 4._o the_o full_a moon_n and_o near_o the_o full_a remain_v above_o the_o horizon_n for_o many_o day_n when_o the_o sun_n be_v depress_v beneath_o it_o viz._n for_o so_o many_o more_o day_n by_o how_o much_o that_o place_n be_v more_o near_o the_o pole_n yet_o it_o be_v not_o so_o high_o elevate_v above_o the_o horizon_n as_o to_o cause_v any_o warmness_n but_o the_o full_a moon_n in_o those_o month_n in_o which_o the_o sun_n remain_v above_o the_o horizon_n in_o a_o whole_a revolution_n the_o full_a moon_n be_v never_o above_o the_o horizon_n horizon_n the_o planet_n not_o always_o the_o same_o above_o horizon_n 5._o the_o fix_a star_n be_v almost_o the_o same_o always_o above_o the_o horizon_n but_o not_o the_o planet_n for_o saturn_n remain_v 15_o year_n above_o the_o horizon_n of_o the_o place_n near_o the_o pole_n and_z 15_o beneath_o the_o same_o jupiter_n 6_o year_n beneath_o and_o 6_o above_o the_o same_o horizon_n mars_n 1_o year_n venus_n and_o mercury_n about_o half_a a_o year_n from_o this_o cause_n it_o be_v likely_a that_o there_o be_v great_a diversity_n of_o the_o motion_n of_o the_o air_n and_o season_n in_o divers_a year_n 6._o the_o land_n in_o most_o place_n of_o the_o frigid_a zone_n be_v stony_a rocky_a and_o as_o hard_o as_o flint_n in_o few_o place_n chalky_a sulphureous_a and_o fat_a in_o these_o place_n there_o be_v a_o moderate_a fertility_n in_o the_o other_o a_o sterility_n 7._o those_o region_n be_v encompass_v with_o the_o sea_n but_o for_o the_o mediterranean_a we_o as_o yet_o have_v no_o certain_a account_n 8._o some_o of_o the_o region_n of_o the_o frigid_a zone_n have_v mountain_n of_o a_o moderate_a height_n but_o most_o want_v they_o run_v on_o a_o plain_a for_o a_o long_a space_n 9_o the_o cold_a wind_n there_o frequent_o blow_v from_o the_o polary_n plaga_fw-la seldom_o the_o east_n wind_n and_o least_o of_o all_o the_o west_n in_o the_o cold_a arctic_a plaga_fw-la the_o north_n wind_n rage_n in_o the_o antarctic_a the_o south_n 10._o cloud_n and_o rain_n frequent_o perplex_v these_o region_n from_o these_o cause_n it_o be_v not_o difficult_a to_o collect_v what_o the_o condition_n of_o the_o season_n in_o these_o region_n be_v for_o in_o the_o winter_n time_n when_o the_o sun_n rise_v not_o for_o whole_a day_n it_o can_v otherwise_o be_v but_o that_o for_o the_o most_o part_n thick_a cloud_n frost_n and_o cold_a must_v render_v the_o land_n uninhabitable_a they_o be_v not_o altogether_o deprive_v of_o light_n for_o that_o time_n for_o the_o moon_n be_v above_o the_o horizon_n for_o a_o long_a time_n give_v light_a and_o the_o twilight_n be_v daily_o afford_v from_o the_o sun_n to_o the_o vicine_fw-la horizon_n but_o the_o snow_n the_o stick_n close_o about_o the_o earth_n which_o can_v be_v discuss_v by_o the_o heat_n of_o the_o sun_n and_o therefore_o hinder_v the_o aspect_n of_o remote_a thing_n there_o be_v no_o fertility_n but_o all_o barren_a and_o uncultivated_a for_o that_o which_o some_o suppose_v by_o how_o much_o any_o region_n be_v near_a to_o the_o pole_n by_o so_o much_o less_o it_o feel_v the_o intenseness_n of_o the_o cold_a and_o the_o field_n be_v find_v more_o fertile_a seem_v not_o probable_a to_o i_o when_o neither_o in_o nova_n zembla_n which_o be_v distant_a 16_o degree_n from_o the_o pole_n nor_o in_o spitzbirga_n which_o be_v only_o 8_o degree_n distant_a such_o a_o constitution_n of_o the_o earth_n be_v find_v but_o a_o roughness_n and_o hardness_n and_o almost_o in_o the_o middle_n of_o summer_n snow_n or_o at_o least_o shower_n and_o very_o cold_a wind_n neither_o be_v their_o opinion_n help_v by_o one_o example_n observe_v by_o mariner_n in_o a_o certain_a region_n 9_o degree_n distant_a from_o the_o pole_n which_o most_o man_n suppose_v to_o be_v groenland_n for_o in_o this_o green_a grass_n be_v find_v and_o a_o air_n more_o warm_a than_o in_o nova_n zembla_n as_o be_v most_o certain_a the_o only_a animal_n peculiar_a to_o these_o northern_a region_n venison_n rhinoceros_n a_o kind_n of_o venison_n be_v the_o rhinoceros_n and_o this_o in_o the_o space_n of_o a_o month_n become_v exceed_o fat_a by_o feed_v on_o this_o grass_n nevertheless_o see_v that_o as_o yet_o not_o many_o region_n be_v hitherto_o find_v of_o this_o temperature_n in_o the_o frigid_a zone_n it_o be_v not_o expedient_a for_o we_o from_o this_o single_a example_n to_o make_v a_o general_a conjecture_n especial_o see_v that_o the_o cause_n of_o this_o peculiar_a constitution_n be_v manifest_a for_o that_o land_n be_v full_a of_o marsh_n and_o sedgey_a and_o the_o grass_n by_o which_o the_o rhinoceros_n or_o dear_a be_v tender_v so_o fat_a be_v not_o a_o kind_n of_o terrestrial_a grass_n but_o sedge_n and_o osier_n but_o other_o herb_n be_v not_o there_o find_v or_o any_o tree_n from_o whence_o we_o may_v gather_v that_o that_o land_n contain_v some_o fat_a and_o sulphureous_a substance_n which_o be_v mix_v which_o the_o water_n produce_v such_o a_o oil_n and_o fatten_v sedge_n but_o that_o the_o like_a earth_n be_v to_o be_v find_v in_o other_o part_n of_o the_o frigid_a zone_n have_v not_o as_o yet_o be_v observe_v but_o rather_o the_o contrary_n therefore_o in_o the_o winter_n in_o these_o place_n be_v little_a light_n but_o a_o incredible_a and_o great_a violence_n of_o cold_a snow_n shower_n and_o polary_a wind_n and_o this_o winter_n begin_v in_o the_o northern_a frigid_a zone_n when_o the_o sun_n first_o enter_v capricorn_n although_o also_o the_o autumn_n the_o sun_n go_v from_o the_o 1_o degree_n of_o libra_n to_o the_o 1_o of_o capricorn_n be_v little_o different_a from_o this_o violent_a winter_n the_o spring_n indeed_o be_v less_o infest_a with_o this_o violence_n of_o the_o air_n yet_o it_o be_v without_o snow_n shower_n and_o cold_a polary_a wind_n yet_o the_o increase_n of_o heat_n in_o the_o day_n or_o rather_o the_o decrease_n of_o cold_a be_v discover_v at_o that_o time_n viz._n the_o sun_n go_v from_o the_o 1_o degree_n of_o aries_n to_o the_o 1_o of_o cancer_n and_o in_o this_o vernal_a season_n or_o in_o the_o latter_a day_n of_o it_o the_o sun_n continue_v above_o the_o horizon_n in_o entire_a revolution_n and_o therefore_o then_o there_o be_v discover_v a_o moderate_a heat_n which_o yet_o be_v not_o of_o that_o force_n as_o to_o melt_v and_o dissolve_v the_o snow_n of_o all_o those_o place_n into_o water_n much_o less_o be_v it_o able_a to_o melt_v the_o ice_n whence_o mariner_n report_v that_o here_o be_v to_o be_v find_v snow_n and_o ice_n of_o a_o perpetual_a duration_n then_o the_o summer_n shall_v be_v from_o the_o go_n of_o the_o sun_n from_o the_o 1_o degree_n of_o cancer_n to_o the_o 1_o of_o libra_n in_o the_o first_o part_n of_o which_o the_o sun_n yet_o remain_v for_o whole_a day_n above_o the_o horizon_n and_o augment_v the_o heat_n by_o some_o accession_n so_o that_o june_n july_n and_o august_n be_v month_n of_o a_o tolerable_a air._n in_o some_o place_n among_o the_o mountain_n the_o heat_n of_o the_o sun_n be_v intense_a but_o the_o shower_n and_o cloud_n do_v much_o hinder_v this_o benignity_n of_o the_o sun_n and_o especial_o the_o most_o sharp_a northern_a wind_n unto_o which_o sometime_o snow_n be_v adjoin_v so_o that_o no_o fruit_n or_o corn_n can_v here_o arrive_v to_o any_o maturity_n except_o in_o some_o place_n near_o the_o arctic_a circle_n chap._n xxvii_o of_o the_o shadow_n which_o the_o body_n erect_v in_o the_o earth_n and_o illuminate_v by_o the_o sun_n do_v cast_v and_o of_o the_o division_n of_o the_o earth_n arise_v from_o thence_o see_v that_o the_o shadow_n in_o divers_a place_n of_o the_o earth_n which_o the_o illuminate_v body_n of_o the_o sun_n do_v cast_v be_v carry_v into_o divers_a place_n and_o fall_v on_o the_o sense_n have_v much_o variety_n hence_o it_o come_v to_o pass_v that_o man_n who_o be_v ignorant_a of_o this_o cause_n be_v strike_v with_o a_o admiration_n and_o in_o respect_n of_o the_o shadow_n of_o the_o earth_n divide_v the_o inhabitant_n of_o the_o earth_n as_o it_o be_v into_o three_o sort_n which_o division_n must_v be_v apply_v to_o the_o place_n of_o the_o earth_n or_o to_o its_o superficies_n so_o that_o they_o term_v some_o amphiscij_fw-la other_o heteroscij_fw-la and_o the_o rest_n periscij_fw-la the_o explication_n of_o which_o term_n see_v that_o they_o contain_v but_o small_a learning_n we_o shall_v say_v somewhat_o also_o concern_v shadow_n which_o although_o they_o do_v not_o pertain_v to_o geography_n yet_o by_o reason_n of_o their_o near_a affinity_n they_o may_v be_v propose_v in_o this_o chapter_n shadow_n of_o
the_o moon_n from_o the_o earth_n in_o her_o full_a be_v 64_o semidiamiter_n of_o the_o earth_n therefore_o n_n l_o shall_v be_v 11_o 15_o and_o the_o proportion_n shall_v be_v make_v thus_o as_o 64_o be_v to_o a_o 11_o 15_o so_o be_v 10000000_o to_o 114583_o which_o be_v the_o sign_n 39_o minute_n therefore_o the_o arch_n h_o l_o be_v less_o than_o 90_o deg._n 39_o minute_n and_o therefore_o 89_o deg._n 21._o minute_n therefore_o in_o the_o place_n to_o which_o the_o moon_n be_v vertical_a constitute_v in_o the_o vertex_fw-la of_o the_o horizon_n the_o people_n to_o who_o the_o moon_n than_o rise_v and_o set_v shall_v not_o be_v those_o which_o be_v behold_v in_o the_o very_a horizon_n but_o those_o in_o the_o parallel_n of_o the_o horizon_n distant_a from_o it_o 39_o minute_n proposition_n xx._n the_o declination_n of_o any_o star_n be_v give_v to_o exhibit_v all_o the_o place_n on_o the_o terrestrial_a globe_n unto_o which_o that_o star_n be_v vertical_a in_o his_o diurnal_a circumvolution_n star_n of_o the_o declination_n of_o star_n let_v the_o degree_n of_o the_o give_v declination_n of_o the_o aequator_fw-la be_v number_v on_o the_o brazen_a meridian_n and_o in_o the_o term_n of_o the_o numeration_n make_v a_o sign_n with_o a_o chalk_n or_o let_v a_o parallel_n be_v note_v on_o the_o globe_n by_o a_o chalk_n apply_v and_o the_o globe_n turn_v round_o all_o the_o place_n situate_v in_o this_o parallel_n be_v those_o which_o pass_v through_o the_o note_a point_n of_o the_o meridian_n the_o vertex_fw-la of_o which_o that_o star_n in_o every_o diurnal_a circumvolution_n shall_v possess_v for_o some_o moment_n of_o time_n proposition_n xxi_o the_o direct_a ascension_n of_o any_o star_n be_v give_v and_o the_o hour_n of_o the_o give_v day_n be_v give_v to_o show_v all_o those_o place_n on_o the_o terrestrial_a globe_n on_o who_o meridian_n the_o star_n be_v at_o the_o give_v hour_n star_n concern_v the_o ascension_n of_o any_o star_n let_v the_o degree_n give_v of_o the_o right_a ascension_n of_o the_o star_n be_v number_v in_o the_o aequator_fw-la and_o let_v a_o mark_n be_v make_v with_o chalk_n let_v also_o the_o place_n of_o the_o sun_n find_v from_o the_o give_v day_n be_v bring_v to_o the_o meridian_n and_o let_v the_o degree_n of_o the_o aequator_fw-la in_o the_o meridian_n be_v note_v let_v the_o arch_n of_o the_o aequator_fw-la intercept_v between_o these_o two_o note_a point_n be_v observe_v or_o which_o be_v the_o same_o let_v it_o be_v change_v into_o hour_n or_o scruple_n of_o hour_n for_o they_o show_v the_o time_n which_o intercede_v between_o the_o appulse_n of_o the_o sun_n and_o that_o star_n at_o any_o meridian_n this_o do_v let_v the_o place_n be_v find_v in_o who_o meridian_n the_o sun_n be_v at_o the_o give_v hour_n or_o scruple_n of_o a_o hour_n and_o the_o index_n be_v place_v at_o 12_o let_v the_o globe_n be_v turn_v until_o the_o index_n show_v the_o hour_n before_o note_v or_o until_o the_o note_a degree_n of_o the_o aequator_fw-la have_v pass_v the_o meridian_n in_o this_o situation_n of_o the_o globe_n all_o those_o place_n which_o be_v discover_v subject_a to_o the_o meridian_n be_v those_o seek_v for_o to_o wit_n those_o in_o who_o meridian_n the_o star_n be_v at_o the_o give_v time_n proposition_n xxii_o the_o right_a declination_n and_o ascension_n of_o a_o star_n be_v give_v and_o any_o time_n of_o the_o day_n be_v give_v to_o exhibit_v on_o the_o globe_n first_o that_o place_n to_o which_o the_o star_n be_v then_o vertical_a second_o all_o those_o place_n above_o who_o orison_n the_o star_n then_o shall_v be_v and_o those_o beneath_o who_o orison_n the_o same_o shall_v then_o be_v also_o those_o in_o who_o meridian_n it_o shall_v be_v at_o the_o meridies_n and_o in_o who_o meridian_n it_o shall_v be_v at_o midnight_n also_o in_o all_o those_o place_n in_o which_o the_o star_n shall_v then_o arise_v and_o all_o those_o in_o which_o it_o shall_v then_o set_v from_o the_o direct_a ascension_n let_v the_o place_n be_v find_v in_o who_o meridian_n the_o star_n be_v at_o the_o time_n give_v and_o those_o may_v remain_v subject_a to_o the_o brazen_a meridian_n then_o let_v the_o degree_n of_o the_o give_v declination_n from_o the_o aequator_fw-la towards_o the_o pole_n be_v number_v and_o the_o point_n of_o the_o globe_n which_o be_v subject_a to_o the_o term_n of_o the_o numeration_n be_v note_v for_o this_o be_v the_o place_n unto_o which_o the_o star_n shall_v be_v vertical_a at_o the_o time_n let_v it_o be_v place_v in_o the_o vertex_fw-la of_o the_o horizon_n the_o pole_n be_v elevate_v for_o latitude_n so_o those_o place_n which_o be_v subject_a to_o the_o superior_a semicircle_n of_o the_o meridian_n shall_v have_v that_o star_n at_o the_o give_v time_n in_o the_o meridian_n of_o the_o meridies_n but_o those_o place_n which_o be_v behold_v in_o the_o inseriour_a semicircle_n of_o the_o meridian_n shall_v have_v it_o in_o the_o meridian_n of_o midnight_n and_o those_o place_n which_o be_v behold_v in_o the_o oriental_a semicircle_n of_o the_o horizon_n be_v those_o to_o which_o the_o star_n set_v at_o once_o at_o that_o time_n but_o to_o those_o which_o lie_v in_o the_o occidental_a semicircle_n of_o the_o horizon_n the_o star_n than_o arise_v together_o proposition_n xxiii_o to_o exhibit_v on_o the_o terrestrial_a globe_n all_o those_o place_n in_o which_o the_o sun_n moon_n and_o all_o the_o star_n for_o so_o long_a time_n be_v obscure_v beneath_o the_o horizon_n as_o they_o remain_v to_o we_o or_o any_o other_o give_v place_n above_o the_o horizon_n let_v our_o place_n or_o any_o other_o give_v place_n be_v bring_v to_o the_o meridian_n and_o let_v the_o parallel_n of_o the_o antaeci_n be_v find_v all_o the_o place_n situate_v in_o this_o parallel_n be_v these_o seek_v for_o as_o may_v be_v show_v on_o the_o globe_n if_o that_o the_o pole_n be_v elevate_v for_o the_o latitude_n of_o the_o place_n give_v and_o depress_v for_o the_o latitude_n of_o the_o parallel_n find_v proposition_n xxiv_o to_o show_v the_o cause_n why_o the_o day_n soon_o augment_v and_o decrease_v about_o the_o aequinox_n and_o more_o slow_o about_o the_o solstice_n where_o for_o many_o day_n there_o seem_v to_o be_v no_o increase_n or_o decrease_v and_o that_o except_o the_o aequator_fw-la in_o all_o the_o place_n of_o the_o earth_n and_o so_o much_o the_o more_o by_o how_o much_o they_o be_v more_o remove_v from_o the_o aequator_fw-la solstice_n concern_v the_o augment_v and_o decrease_v of_o the_o day_n about_o the_o aequinox_n and_o solstice_n for_o example_n let_v we_o take_v 30_o day_n before_o the_o vernal_a aequinox_n from_o the_o 20_o of_o february_n to_o the_o 21_o of_o march_n and_o 30_o day_n after_o the_o solstice_n of_o winter_n or_o the_o solstice_n of_o capricorn_n from_o the_o 21_o of_o december_n to_o the_o 21_o of_o january_n here_o the_o cause_n must_v be_v show_v why_o the_o excess_n of_o the_o 21_o of_o march_n or_o stay_v of_o the_o sun_n above_o the_o horizon_n above_o the_o longitude_n of_o the_o 20_o of_o february_n be_v much_o great_a than_o the_o excess_n of_o the_o 21_o of_o january_n be_v above_o the_o 21_o of_o december_n let_v the_o place_n of_o the_o sun_n for_o every_o one_o of_o those_o 4_o day_n be_v note_v on_o the_o ecliptic_a of_o the_o globe_n to_o wit_n the_o first_o degree_n of_o pisces_fw-la of_o aries_n capricorn_n and_o aquarius_n and_o let_v the_o parallel_n of_o the_o sun_n be_v describe_v whereof_o two_o be_v extant_a in_o the_o globe_n viz._n the_o aequator_fw-la and_o the_o tropic_a of_o capricorn_n therefore_o it_o will_v be_v apparent_a that_o the_o aequator_fw-la or_o parallel_v of_o the_o sun_n in_o the_o 1_o of_o aries_n be_v absent_a a_o far_o long_a interval_n from_o the_o parallel_n of_o the_o sun_n in_o the_o 1_o of_o pisces_fw-la than_o the_o parallel_n of_o the_o sun_n in_o the_o 1_o of_o aquarius_n from_o the_o parallel_n in_o the_o 1_o of_o capricorn_n thence_o it_o come_v to_o pass_v that_o not_o much_o a_o big_a portion_n of_o the_o parallel_n of_o the_o 1_o of_o aquarius_n be_v above_o the_o horizon_n than_o of_o the_o parallel_n of_o the_o 1_o of_o capricorn_n or_o of_o the_o tropic_a of_o capricorn_n itself_o now_o these_o part_n show_v the_o stay_n of_o the_o sun_n above_o the_o horizon_n in_o those_o day_n but_o the_o portion_n of_o the_o aequator_fw-la or_o parallel_v of_o the_o 1_o of_o aries_n that_o be_v above_o the_o horizon_n be_v much_o big_a than_o the_o portion_n of_o the_o parallel_n of_o the_o 1_o of_o pisces_fw-la now_o because_o these_o arch_n be_v above_o the_o horizon_n denote_v the_o stay_n of_o the_o sun_n above_o the_o horizon_n for_o this_o be_v the_o longitude_n of_o the_o day_n hence_o we_o
latter_a or_o other_o extension_n shall_v be_v the_o longitude_n of_o the_o globe_n because_o it_o be_v long_o than_o the_o former_a extension_n as_o return_v into_o itself_o and_o be_v the_o periphery_a of_o the_o whole_a circle_n other_o render_v another_o cause_n of_o the_o appellation_n 〈◊〉_d that_o the_o lesser_a part_n of_o the_o earth_n be_v know_v to_o the_o ancient_n from_o pole_n to_o pole_n the_o great_a from_o the_o east_n to_o the_o west_n place_n concern_v the_o latitude_n and_o longitude_n of_o the_o earth_n and_o of_o place_n moreover_o in_o the_o superficies_n of_o the_o globe_n we_o may_v take_v any_o semipeniphery_n for_o the_o extension_n of_o latitude_n and_o his_o perpendicular_a for_o the_o extension_n of_o longitude_n and_o therefore_o we_o may_v do_v the_o same_o also_o on_o the_o superficies_n of_o the_o earth_n but_o because_o it_o be_v better_a for_o memory_n if_o that_o the_o periphery_n be_v assume_v who_o bound_n or_o self_n those_o periphery_n before_o the_o other_o periphery_n which_o have_v somewhat_o peculiar_a in_o the_o superficies_n therefore_o in_o the_o superficies_n of_o the_o earth_n for_o the_o extension_n of_o latitude_n some_o one_o periphery_n be_v deserve_o take_v draw_v among_o the_o pole_n of_o the_o earth_n and_o because_o no_o other_o periphery_n be_v perpendicular_a to_o this_o periphery_a which_o may_v pass_v together_o through_o its_o medium_fw-la except_o the_o line_n of_o the_o aequator_fw-la therefore_o the_o aequator_fw-la itself_o must_v be_v take_v for_o the_o extension_n of_o the_o longitude_n of_o the_o earth_n so_o i_o think_v it_o be_v clear_o explain_v for_o what_o reason_n the_o latitude_n of_o the_o earth_n between_o the_o pole_n be_v measure_v for_o longitude_n by_o the_o assume_v line_n of_o the_o aequator_fw-la this_o latitude_n and_o longitude_n of_o the_o earth_n must_v not_o be_v confound_v with_o the_o latitude_n and_o longitude_n of_o place_n or_o point_n in_o the_o earth_n therefore_o they_o be_v express_v by_o the_o same_o term_n because_o the_o latitude_n of_o place_n or_o point_n be_v take_v in_o the_o periphery_a of_o the_o latitude_n of_o the_o earth_n itself_o and_o be_v part_n of_o it_o but_o the_o longitude_n of_o place_n or_o point_n be_v take_v in_o the_o periphery_a of_o the_o longitude_n of_o the_o earth_n viz._n in_o the_o aequator_fw-la itself_o and_o its_o parallel_n yet_o this_o be_v a_o improper_a acceptation_n of_o the_o term_n because_o latitude_n and_o longitude_n proper_o as_o have_v be_v say_v only_o agree_v to_o the_o figure_n and_o superficies_n but_o a_o point_n have_v neither_o latitude_n nor_o longitude_n and_o therefore_o this_o different_a acceptation_n of_o the_o word_n latitude_n and_o longitude_n aught_o to_o be_v observe_v because_o they_o be_v so_o frequent_o meet_v with_o in_o the_o read_n of_o geographer_n viz._n the_o use_n and_o acceptation_n otherwise_o when_o we_o say_v the_o latitude_n and_o longitude_n of_o france_n spain_n and_o the_o like_a because_o then_o the_o word_n be_v take_v in_o their_o proper_a signification_n for_o it_o be_v the_o figure_n of_o france_n or_o spain_n and_o so_o longitude_n then_o signify_v the_o outmost_a or_o long_a extension_n but_o latitude_n the_o short_a which_o acceptation_n do_v agree_v with_o that_o wherein_o we_o say_v before_o that_o so_o much_o latitude_n and_o so_o much_o longitude_n must_v be_v assign_v to_o the_o superficies_n of_o the_o earth_n but_o the_o signification_n be_v otherwise_o when_o we_o say_v the_o latitude_n or_o longitude_n of_o this_o place_n if_o by_o place_n we_o understand_v any_o point_n city_n or_o famous_a place_n because_o then_o latitude_n denote_v the_o distance_n of_o the_o place_n from_o the_o aequator_fw-la and_o the_o longitude_n its_o distance_n from_o a_o certain_a meridian_n and_o indeed_o in_o my_o judgement_n for_o the_o avoid_n of_o confusion_n longitude_n the_o author_n judgement_n about_o the_o word_n latitude_n and_o longitude_n it_o be_v better_a to_o abstain_v from_o the_o use_n of_o these_o word_n longitude_n and_o latitude_n and_o to_o use_v these_o in_o their_o stead_n the_o distance_n from_o the_o aequator_fw-la and_o the_o distance_n from_o the_o meridian_n but_o see_v that_o for_o so_o many_o age_n this_o have_v be_v receive_v therefore_o it_o will_v be_v a_o hard_a matter_n to_o abolish_v it_o wherefore_o in_o the_o follow_a discourse_n i_o shall_v also_o use_v the_o say_a term_n latitude_n and_o longitude_n moreover_o the_o latitude_n of_o a_o place_n as_o the_o latitude_n of_o the_o whole_a earth_n have_v some_o note_a point_n of_o the_o earth_n for_o the_o begin_n of_o the_o numeration_n viz._n the_o pole_n and_o the_o aequator_fw-la but_o the_o longitude_n of_o the_o earth_n because_o it_o be_v extend_v about_o the_o whole_a earth_n have_v no_o certain_a beginning_n or_o end_n but_o the_o beginning_n and_o end_n be_v every_o where_o because_o the_o periphery_n be_v like_a to_o a_o infinite_a line_n wherefore_o any_o point_n of_o the_o aequator_fw-la may_v be_v take_v for_o the_o begin_n of_o the_o longitude_n of_o the_o earth_n and_o the_o meridian_n pass_v through_o that_o point_n for_o the_o first_o meridian_n from_o whence_o the_o meridian_n of_o all_o the_o point_n of_o the_o earth_n be_v number_v or_o the_o longitude_n of_o they_o calculate_v now_o why_o we_o require_v these_o two_o distance_n in_o every_o point_n of_o the_o earth_n viz._n one_o from_o the_o aequator_fw-la and_o the_o other_o from_o a_o certain_a meridian_n shall_v be_v show_v in_o the_o three_o proposition_n proposition_n ii_o to_o place_n and_o determinate_a the_o first_o meridian_n and_o the_o beginning_n of_o the_o numeration_n for_o the_o longitude_n of_o the_o place_n in_o the_o globe_n of_o the_o earth_n we_o have_v say_v in_o the_o precede_a proposition_n that_o every_o point_n of_o the_o aequator_fw-la may_v be_v take_v for_o the_o begin_n of_o the_o extension_n of_o the_o earth_n according_a to_o longitude_n 1._o see_v proposition_n 1._o and_o that_o from_o its_o meridian_n the_o longitude_n of_o place_n must_v be_v reckon_v but_o because_o we_o can_v take_v all_o at_o once_o it_o be_v better_a to_o fix_v one_o beginning_n or_o to_o choose_v some_o certain_a point_n but_o that_o be_v leave_v to_o the_o choice_n of_o person_n therefore_o geographer_n have_v take_v a_o certain_a place_n in_o the_o superficies_n of_o the_o earth_n through_o which_o the_o first_o meridian_n shall_v be_v draw_v and_o shall_v show_v in_o the_o aequator_fw-la where_o it_o cut_v it_o this_o beginning_n of_o reckon_n of_o the_o longitude_n of_o place_n but_o all_o have_v not_o take_v the_o same_o place_n for_o the_o first_o meridian_n but_o divers_a ptolemy_n have_v take_v that_o near_a to_o the_o fortunate_a island_n which_o he_o remove_v but_o only_o one_o deg_fw-la from_o the_o first_o and_o hence_o towards_o the_o oriental_a quarter_n through_o africa_n and_o asia_n he_o reckon_v the_o rest_n of_o the_o meridian_n ptolemy_n the_o longitude_n of_o place_n where_o begin_v by_o ptolemy_n and_o longitude_n of_o place_n for_o see_v it_o be_v less_o free_a to_o place_v a_o beginning_n the_o ancient_n choose_v rather_o to_o have_v a_o account_n of_o the_o place_n of_o the_o earth_n which_o they_o know_v be_v inhabit_v which_o portion_n do_v not_o return_v into_o itself_o as_o the_o superficies_n of_o the_o earth_n and_o therefore_o in_o that_o portion_n or_o part_n a_o beginning_n of_o longitude_n and_o end_n may_v be_v assign_v in_o another_o point_n because_o therefore_o in_o the_o time_n of_o ptolemy_n the_o fortunate_a isle_n where_o the_o ultimate_a one_o in_o the_o occidental_a quarter_n of_o all_o the_o earth_n or_o land_n then_o know_v therefore_o from_o that_o bound_n ptolemy_n begin_v to_o reckon_v the_o longitude_n of_o the_o earth_n and_o have_v go_v forward_o to_o the_o oriental_a region_n he_o make_v the_o end_n of_o his_o numeration_n of_o the_o meridian_n in_o sina_n the_o ultimate_a shoar_n of_o asia_n but_o in_o process_n of_o time_n many_o region_n of_o the_o earth_n be_v find_v to_o be_v inhabit_a towards_o the_o occid_n and_o america_n be_v discover_v than_o some_o geographer_n promote_v the_o beginning_n of_o numeration_n of_o longitude_n towards_o the_o occid_n for_o some_o make_v the_o first_o meridian_n at_o the_o isle_n of_o st._n nicholas_n adjacent_a to_o cape_n verd_fw-mi in_o africa_n but_o hondius_n choose_v the_o isle_n of_o st._n james_n in_o his_o map_n other_o the_o longitude_n of_o place_n where_o begin_v by_o hondius_n mercator_n and_o other_o some_o choose_v the_o meridian_n of_o one_o of_o the_o island_n of_o the_o azore_n which_o be_v call_v del_n corvo_n for_o the_o first_o meridian_n because_o that_o in_o this_o isle_n and_o the_o adjoin_a sea_n the_o magnetic_a needle_n be_v find_v to_o have_v no_o declination_n from_o the_o meridian_n line_n and_o that_o it_o show_v the_o northern_a and_o southern_a quarter_n mercator_n
place_n and_o situation_n and_o therefore_o very_a unlike_o figure_n arise_v thence_o in_o the_o table_n thence_o it_o come_v to_o pass_v that_o according_a to_o the_o various_a situation_n of_o the_o eye_n which_o we_o attribute_v to_o it_o without_o the_o earth_n or_o without_o that_o part_n which_o it_o ought_v to_o represent_v there_o arise_v a_o various_a representation_n of_o that_o superficies_n on_o the_o table_n for_o as_o there_o exi_v another_o sort_n of_o frontispiece_n of_o the_o wall_n of_o a_o house_n when_o the_o eye_n may_v behold_v it_o from_o a_o situation_n direct_o opposite_a another_o from_o a_o oblique_a situation_n another_o from_o a_o upper_a place_n another_o from_o a_o long_a place_n and_o so_o change_v according_a to_o the_o various_a situation_n of_o the_o eye_n which_o tutor_n may_v explain_v by_o diagram_n so_o there_o arise_v a_o different_a position_n of_o the_o part_n of_o the_o earth_n to_o be_v represent_v on_o the_o table_n if_o that_o the_o eye_n be_v so_o constitute_v or_o conceive_v in_o the_o air_n in_o such_o a_o situation_n that_o it_o may_v hang_v over_o the_o aequator_fw-la of_o the_o earth_n and_o otherwise_o if_o that_o it_o be_v suppose_v to_o exist_v in_o the_o pretend_a axis_n of_o the_o earth_n or_o in_o the_o semi-axis_n of_o the_o hemisphere_n and_o otherwise_o if_o it_o be_v conceive_v to_o be_v eminent_a over_o any_o other_o place_n of_o the_o earth_n thence_o it_o come_v to_o pass_v that_o both_o the_o aequator_fw-la and_o the_o parallel_n as_o well_o as_o the_o meridian_n obtain_v various_a representation_n because_o the_o ray_n draw_v from_o they_o exist_v in_o the_o earth_n to_o the_o eye_n perforate_v the_o table_n in_o divers_a point_n endue_v with_o a_o various_a situation_n which_o the_o reader_n may_v easy_o understand_v profitable_a the_o direction_n of_o a_o tutor_n very_o profitable_a if_o that_o they_o have_v the_o live_a information_n and_o direction_n of_o a_o tutor_n the_o other_o which_o i_o 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b_o a_o d_o be_v the_o first_o meridian_n the_o other_o b_o c_o d_o be_v the_o opposite_a or_o of_o longitude_n 180._o this_o diameter_n b_o d_o represent_v the_o meridian_n 90_o degree_n distant_a from_o the_o first_o and_o his_o point_n d_o be_v one_o pole_n viz._n the_o arctic_a but_o the_o point_n d_o be_v the_o pole_n antarctick_a the_o diameter_n a_o c_o to_z b_o d_o be_v the_o perpendicular_a line_n of_o the_o aequator_fw-la let_v these_o quadrant_n a_o b_o b_o c_o c_o d_o d_o a_o be_v divide_v every_o one_o into_o 90_o degree_n moreover_o we_o must_v do_v thus_o for_o the_o representation_n of_o the_o meridian_n and_o parallel_n or_o for_o the_o find_v out_o the_o arch_n of_o the_o meridian_n and_o parallel_n first_o the_o line_n of_o the_o aequator_fw-la a_o c_o must_v be_v divide_v into_o its_o degree_n to_o wit_n 180_o because_o it_o only_o show_v half_o the_o aequator_fw-la or_o a_o e_o e_o c_o into_o 90_o after_o this_o mode_n from_o the_o point_n d_o let_v the_o 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describe_v which_o centre_n be_v place_v in_o the_o very_a line_n of_o the_o aequator_fw-la as_o be_v the_o centre_n e_o of_o the_o meridian_n d_o a_o b._n those_o point_n be_v find_v according_a to_o euclid_n method_n proposition_n 1_o lib._n 3._o if_o the_o line_n b_o 1_o b_o 2_o b_o 3_o 1._o see_v euclid_n lib._n 3._o proposition_n 1._o etc._n etc._n be_v double_o cut_v by_o the_o perpendicular_a line_n this_o be_v most_o easy_a by_o the_o application_n of_o the_o rule_n where_o these_o perpendicular_a line_n fall_v into_o the_o protract_a line_n e_o c_o of_o the_o aequator_fw-la if_o there_o be_v need_n there_o be_v the_o centre_n for_o the_o describe_v of_o the_o arch_n b_o 1_o d_o b_o 2_o d_o etc._n etc._n but_o the_o centre_n of_o the_o arch_n b_o 91_o d_o b_o 92_o d_o b_o 93_o d_o etc._n etc._n
circle_n and_o 180_o deg_fw-la make_v 2700_o german_a mile_n wherefore_o no_o place_n be_v distant_a more_o than_o 2700_o german_a mile_n but_o the_o condition_n of_o a_o itinerary_a distance_n be_v otherwise_o proposition_n v._o the_o distance_n of_o the_o antipode_n be_v 2700_o german_a mile_n or_o 180_o degree_n antipode_n the_o distance_n of_o the_o antipode_n the_o short_a distance_n among_o the_o antipode_n be_v not_o one_o but_o infinite_a and_o those_o all_o equal_a although_o to_o speak_v proper_o they_o can_v be_v call_v the_o short_a distance_n but_o those_o than_o which_o none_o be_v short_a the_o circular_a distance_n among_o the_o antipode_n be_v all_o great_a periphery_n no_o lesser_a of_o which_o between_o other_o place_n there_o be_v infinite_a which_o be_v not_o oppose_v to_o the_o diameter_n a_o periphery_n pass_v through_o two_o place_n also_o pass_v through_o the_o antipode_n of_o these_o place_n the_o distance_n of_o any_o place_n of_o the_o two_o which_o belong_v to_o the_o antipode_n take_v together_o make_v 180_o degree_n therefore_o the_o distance_n of_o one_o place_n be_v know_v from_o the_o other_o the_o distance_n also_o of_o that_o place_n shall_v be_v know_v from_o the_o place_n of_o the_o other_o of_o the_o antipode_n these_o five_o proposition_n be_v of_o so_o manifest_a a_o truth_n that_o any_o one_o weigh_v of_o they_o may_v easy_o discern_v and_o understand_v they_o proposition_n vi_o any_o place_n be_v give_v on_o the_o superficies_n of_o the_o globe_n to_o exhibit_v all_o those_o place_n which_o may_v have_v one_o and_o the_o same_o distance_n from_o that_o give_v place_n but_o the_o give_v distance_n must_v not_o be_v great_a than_o 2700_o german_a mile_n let_v the_o give_v place_n be_v bring_v to_o the_o brazen_a meridian_n let_v the_o pole_n be_v elevate_v according_a to_o to_o the_o latitude_n of_o the_o place_n let_v the_o quadrant_n be_v affix_v to_o the_o vertical_a point_n moreover_o let_v the_o give_v distance_n be_v turn_v into_o degree_n which_o degree_n must_v he_o number_v on_o the_o quadrant_n from_o the_o vertical_a point_n let_v the_o term_n of_o the_o numeration_n be_v note_v with_o chalk_n then_o let_v the_o quadrant_n be_v bring_v round_o on_o the_o superficies_n of_o the_o globe_n the_o note_a point_n will_v show_v all_o the_o place_n of_o the_o earth_n which_o have_v the_o give_v distance_n from_o the_o give_v place_n or_o let_v the_o deg_fw-la of_o the_o change_a distance_n be_v take_v on_o the_o aequator_fw-la by_o the_o interval_n of_o the_o compass_n and_o one_o foot_n fix_v on_o the_o give_a place_n let_v the_o other_o be_v bring_v round_o the_o place_n through_o which_o it_o pass_v be_v those_o demand_v but_o if_o the_o deg_fw-la arise_v from_o the_o change_a distance_n be_v more_o than_o 90_o that_o be_v than_o a_o quadrant_n let_v their_o compliment_n be_v take_v at_o 180_o and_o let_v the_o place_n of_o the_o antipode_n be_v bring_v to_o the_o superior_a semicircle_n of_o the_o brazen_a meridian_n let_v the_o pole_n be_v elevate_v for_o its_o latitude_n and_o the_o quadrant_n affix_v to_o the_o vertical_a point_n and_o let_v the_o deg_fw-la of_o the_o compliment_n be_v account_v on_o it_o and_o let_v the_o term_n of_o the_o numeration_n be_v note_v with_o chalk_n if_o then_o the_o quadrant_n be_v turn_v about_o all_o the_o place_n demand_v which_o have_v the_o give_v distance_n from_o the_o give_v place_n shall_v have_v the_o note_a point_n but_o if_o you_o will_v do_v the_o business_n with_o the_o compass_n use_v the_o method_n of_o the_o chorographical_a map_n proposition_n vii_o of_o the_o cause_n why_o the_o itinerary_a distance_n be_v great_a than_o the_o true_a or_o short_a and_o geographical_a geographical_a the_o reason_n why_o the_o itinerary_a distance_n be_v great_a than_o the_o true_a short_a and_o geographical_a 1._o the_o unpassable_a wood_n which_o lie_v between_o some_o place_n 2._o high_a mountain_n and_o low_a valley_n 3._o marsh_n and_o water_n in_o general_n if_o you_o mean_v land_n voyages_n 4._o in_o sea_n voyages_n the_o procurrent_a land_n and_o island_n hinder_v the_o direct_a voyage_n 5._o peculiar_a flux_n of_o the_o sea_n and_o 6._o the_o wind_n but_o some_o may_v demand_v whether_o it_o be_v not_o possible_a that_o there_o may_v be_v place_n who_o itinerary_a distance_n be_v lesser_a than_o the_o most_o short_a geographical_a to_o this_o i_o answer_v although_o to_o sense_n the_o figure_n of_o the_o earth_n be_v spherical_a yet_o i_o have_v show_v in_o the_o first_o book_n that_o this_o figure_n be_v not_o altogether_o geometrical_a but_o be_v render_v unequal_a by_o many_o place_n elevate_v and_o depress_v therefore_o if_o we_o conceive_v a_o certain_a superficies_n of_o the_o earth_n or_o the_o distance_n of_o the_o superficies_n from_o the_o centre_n for_o example_n the_o vulgar_a semidiamiter_n of_o 860_o mile_n in_o respect_n of_o which_o place_n be_v to_o be_v take_v elevate_v or_o depress_v this_o be_v suppose_v i_o say_v there_o may_v be_v two_o place_n so_o situate_v that_o the_o itinerary_a distance_n may_v be_v lesser_a than_o the_o short_a geographical_a which_o be_v remove_v 860_o mile_n from_o the_o centre_n but_o the_o intermedial_a place_n must_v be_v more_o depress_v proposition_n viii_o to_o find_v out_o the_o distance_n of_o two_o place_n give_v on_o the_o globe_n as_o also_o in_o geographical_a map_n globe_n the_o find_v out_o the_o distance_n of_o two_o place_n give_v on_o the_o globe_n let_v one_o of_o the_o give_v place_n be_v bring_v to_o the_o brazen_a meridian_n let_v the_o quadrant_n be_v affix_v to_o the_o vertex_fw-la and_o let_v it_o be_v apply_v to_o the_o other_o give_v place_n then_o let_v the_o degree_n intercept_v between_o the_o vertex_fw-la and_o this_o place_n be_v number_v let_v these_o degree_n be_v turn_v into_o mile_n or_o another_o measure_n in_o which_o we_o will_v know_v the_o distance_n of_o those_o place_n this_o shall_v be_v that_o demand_v or_o let_v the_o interval_n of_o two_o place_n be_v take_v with_o the_o compass_n and_o this_o be_v translate_v to_o the_o aequator_fw-la let_v it_o be_v consider_v how_o many_o degree_n it_o possess_v in_o this_o for_o these_o be_v the_o distance_n of_o the_o place_n which_o we_o must_v convert_v into_o mile_n or_o some_o other_o measure_n but_o if_o that_o the_o distance_n be_v great_a than_o can_v be_v take_v by_o the_o quadrant_n or_o compass_n viz._n more_o than_o 90_o degree_n the_o distance_n of_o one_o place_n from_o the_o antipode_n of_o the_o other_o shall_v be_v lesser_a than_o 90_o degree_n let_v this_o be_v inquire_v after_o and_o take_v from_o 180_o degree_n the_o remain_a degree_n shall_v be_v the_o distance_n require_v in_o universal_a map_n as_o also_o in_o particular_a of_o great_a part_n the_o distance_n of_o place_n can_v be_v exact_o find_v but_o in_o particular_a chorographical_a map_n a_o scale_n of_o league_n or_o mile_n be_v usual_o add_v by_o the_o assistance_n of_o which_o the_o distance_n of_o place_n contain_v in_o those_o map_n be_v know_v for_o so_o if_o you_o take_v the_o interval_n of_o two_o place_n and_o transfer_v this_o into_o the_o scale_n you_o shall_v present_o know_v the_o distance_n of_o those_o place_n but_o if_o the_o map_n be_v of_o any_o great_a proportion_n this_o method_n be_v defective_a for_o no_o map_n can_v be_v make_v by_o any_o method_n which_o exhibit_v the_o true_a distance_n of_o place_n but_o such_o a_o one_o may_v be_v make_v which_o may_v show_v the_o distance_n of_o one_o place_n from_o all_o the_o rest_n as_o we_o have_v say_v in_o our_o method_n of_o make_v map_n proposition_n ix_o the_o latitude_n and_o longitude_n of_o two_o place_n be_v give_v to_o find_v their_o distance_n distance_n the_o latitude_n and_o longitude_n of_o two_o place_n be_v give_v to_o find_v their_o distance_n the_o solution_n of_o this_o problem_n be_v easy_a by_o the_o globe_n and_o catholic_n planisphere_n it_o be_v difficult_a by_o calculation_n and_o trigonometrical_a supputation_n it_o be_v perform_v on_o the_o globe_n after_o this_o mode_n let_v any_o meridian_n be_v take_v and_o let_v the_o difference_n of_o the_o longitude_n of_o place_n be_v number_v from_o it_o in_o the_o aequator_fw-la let_v the_o term_n of_o the_o numeration_n be_v bring_v under_o the_o brazen_a meridian_n and_o let_v the_o latitude_n of_o the_o other_o place_n be_v reckon_v on_o this_o let_v the_o point_n of_o the_o globe_n which_o be_v under_o the_o term_n of_o the_o numeration_n be_v note_v with_o chalk_n also_o in_o the_o first_o meridian_n let_v the_o point_n of_o latitude_n be_v note_v for_o the_o other_o place_n then_o let_v the_o interval_n be_v take_v between_o the_o note_a point_n with_o the_o compass_n and_o let_v it_o be_v transfer_v either_o into_o the_o aequator_fw-la or_o first_o meridian_n so_o we_o shall_v know_v
unto_o a_o certain_a quarter_n or_o the_o billow_n be_v roll_v unto_o a_o certain_a quarter_n if_o therefore_o the_o ship_n be_v direct_v into_o the_o same_o quarter_n the_o way_n make_v will_v be_v great_a than_o the_o conjecture_n make_v it_o but_o if_o into_o a_o contrary_a it_o will_v be_v lesser_a 2._o because_o the_o ship_n be_v carry_v by_o other_o cause_n into_o other_o quarter_n and_o so_o by_o wind_a arrive_v at_o another_o place_n 3._o the_o wind_n be_v various_o change_v 4._o by_o how_o much_o a_o ship_n have_v the_o great_a altitude_n by_o so_o much_o its_o motion_n seem_v more_o slow_a though_o it_o be_v not_o so_o proposition_n v._o to_o observe_v the_o latitude_n of_o a_o place_n unto_o which_o a_o ship_n be_v arrive_v the_o seaman_n observe_v it_o by_o the_o sun_n in_o the_o day_n time_n and_o by_o the_o star_n in_o the_o night_n as_o we_o have_v show_v in_o the_o xxiii_o chapter_n they_o use_v three_o instrument_n 23._o see_v chap._n 23._o the_o astrolabe_n the_o radius_fw-la and_o the_o triangle_n proposition_n vi_o from_o whence_o it_o be_v manifest_a that_o the_o method_n use_v by_o seaman_n to_o find_v the_o place_n on_o the_o map_n unto_o which_o they_o have_v arrive_v be_v fallacious_a because_o that_o they_o can_v neither_o be_v certain_a of_o the_o rhombe_n or_o quarter_n of_o the_o way_n or_o of_o the_o quantity_n of_o the_o way_n make_v or_o of_o the_o observe_v latitude_n of_o the_o place_n yet_o the_o observation_n of_o the_o latitude_n of_o the_o place_n unto_o which_o they_o be_v arrive_v because_o that_o it_o be_v not_o less_o subject_n to_o error_n especial_o the_o air_n and_o sea_n be_v tranquillous_a may_v be_v exempt_v from_o this_o fallacy_n but_o from_o that_o alone_o the_o place_n itself_o be_v not_o find_v on_o the_o map_n or_o earth_n but_o a_o second_o be_v require_v viz._n either_o a_o distance_n from_o another_o place_n give_v or_o a_o rhombe_n by_o which_o they_o sail_v from_o the_o give_v place_n to_o that_o or_o lasty_a the_o longitude_n of_o that_o place_n from_o this_o we_o have_v say_v that_o the_o observation_n of_o the_o way_n make_v or_o distance_n be_v uncertain_a as_o also_o that_o of_o the_o rhombs_n therefore_o they_o return_v back_o to_o find_v out_o the_o longitude_n of_o the_o place_n for_o the_o latitude_n and_o longitude_n of_o the_o place_n be_v know_v the_o place_n itself_o be_v find_v on_o the_o map_n and_o determine_v on_o the_o globe_n of_o the_o earth_n whence_o it_o be_v evident_a that_o the_o art_n of_o navigation_n require_v the_o solution_n of_o this_o problem_n to_o the_o make_v up_o of_o its_o perfection_n viz._n to_o find_v out_o the_o longitude_n of_o the_o place_n where_o we_o be_v at_o any_o time_n and_o on_o any_o day_n the_o prize_n be_v propound_v let_v he_o win_v who_o can_v a_o map_n or_o general_n carte_n of_o the_o world_n design_v in_o two_o plain_a hemispher_n by_o mounseur_fw-fr sanson_n geograph_n r_o to_o the_o french_a king_n and_o render_v into_o english_a and_o illustrated_n with_o figure_n by_o richard_n blome_n by_o the_o king_n especial_a command_n to_o the_o high_a and_o mighty_a monarch_n charles_n the_o secâ—â—â—_n by_o the_o grace_n of_o god_n king_n of_o england_n scotland_n france_n and_o ireland_n defendor_n of_o the_o faith_n etc._n etc._n this_o map_n in_o all_o humility_n be_v dedicate_v by_o your_o majesty_n obedient_a subject_n and_o sarvant_n richard_n blome_n a_o geographical_a description_n of_o the_o world_n take_v from_o the_o work_n of_o the_o famous_a mounseur_fw-fr sanson_n late_a geographer_n to_o the_o present_a french_a king_n to_o which_o be_v add_v about_o a_o hundred_o geographical_a and_o hydrographical_a table_n of_o the_o kingdom_n country_n and_o isle_n in_o the_o world_n with_o their_o chief_a city_n and_o seaport_n draw_v from_o the_o map_n of_o the_o say_v mounseur_fw-fr sanson_n and_o according_a to_o the_o method_n of_o the_o say_a description_n illustrate_v with_o map_n the_o second_o part._n by_o richard_n blome_n print_a in_o the_o year_n 1680._o geographical_a table_n on_o or_o above_o the_o surface_n of_o the_o terrestrial_a globe_n and_o map_n of_o the_o world_n aught_o to_o be_v understand_v and_o note_v ten_o point_n of_o which_o four_o be_v call_v cardinal_n point_n as_o the_o north_n or_o the_o pole_n arctic_a the_o south_n or_o the_o pole_n antarctic_a the_o east_n the_o west_n four_o be_v call_v collateral_a point_n as_o the_o east_n of_o the_o summer_n the_o east_n of_o the_o winter_n the_o west_n of_o the_o summer_n the_o west_n of_o the_o winter_n and_o two_o as_o above_o and_o under_o we_o as_o the_o zenith_n the_o nadir_n ten_o circle_n or_o line_n of_o which_o five_o be_v parallel_n the_o one_o to_o the_o other_o as_o the_o aequinoctial_a or_o the_o aequator_fw-la the_o two_o tropic_n as_o the_o tropic_a of_o cancer_n the_o tropic_a of_o capricorn_n the_o two_o polar_a circle_n as_o the_o circle_n of_o the_o pole_n arctic_a the_o circle_n of_o the_o pole_n antarctic_a five_o other_o be_v different_a the_o one_o from_o the_o other_o as_o in_o the_o middle_n of_o the_o zodiac_n as_o the_o ecliptic_a the_o horizon_n as_o the_o horizon_n rational_a the_o horizon_n sensible_a or_o visible_a the_o parallel_n or_o the_o degree_n of_o latitude_n the_o meridian_n or_o the_o degree_n of_o longitude_n two_o colour_n in_o which_o be_v 4_o point_n which_o note_v our_o four_o season_n of_o the_o year_n to_o wit_n above_o the_o colour_n of_o the_o aequinox_n as_o the_o spring_n the_o autumn_n the_o colour_n of_o the_o solstice_n as_o the_o summer_n the_o winter_n three_o sort_n of_o zone_n in_o which_o be_v five_o to_o wit_v one_o torrid_a or_o the_o parch_a two_o temperate_a as_o the_o temperate_a arctic_a or_o northern_o the_o temperate_a antarctic_a or_o southern_o two_o freeze_a or_o cold_a as_o the_o freeze_a arctic_a or_o northern_o the_o freeze_a antarctic_a or_o southern_o three_o sort_n of_o shadow_n which_o diverse_o receive_v the_o inhabitant_n of_o the_o five_o zone_n for_o they_o be_v in_o the_o torrid_a zone_n amphisciens_fw-la in_o the_o temperate_a zone_n northern_o northern_a heterosciens_fw-fr southern_o southern_a heterosciens_fw-fr in_o the_o freeze_a zone_n northern_o northern_a perisciens_fw-fr southern_o southern_a perisciens_fw-fr three_o sort_n of_o position_n as_o the_o inhabitant_n about_o the_o same_o parallel_n opposite_a in_o meridian_n be_v perioeciens_fw-la the_o inhabitant_n about_o one_o meridian_n oppose_v in_o their_o parallel_n be_v antoeciens_fw-la the_o inhabitant_n oppose_v both_o in_o meridian_n and_o in_o parallel_n be_v antipode_n the_o climate_n of_o which_o the_o ancient_n first_o make_v seven_o which_o they_o call_v by_o the_o most_o famous_a place_n sea_n and_o river_n by_o which_o they_o pass_v as_o dia_z that_o be_v through_z meroes_n dia_z sienes_n dia_z alexandrias_n dia_z rhodou_n dia_z pontou_n dia_z boristenon_n then_o mâ—e_v in_o add_v dia_z ripheon_a dia_z danias_n the_o modern_n make_v 30_o to_o wit_n between_o the_o aequator_fw-la and_o the_o polar_a circle_n 24_o by_o half_a hour_n between_o the_o polar_a circle_n and_o the_o pole_n 6_o by_o month_n the_o parallel_n which_o be_v follow_v the_o ancient_n 14_o between_o the_o aequator_fw-la and_o polar_a circle_n 48_o by_o quarter_n of_o hour_n follow_v the_o modern_n 60_o between_o the_o polar_a circle_n and_o the_o pole_n 12_o by_o fourteen_o day_n the_o wind_n whereof_o the_o 4_o first_o and_o whereof_o the_o name_n be_v monosyllable_n shall_v be_v call_v cardinal_n wind_n as_o north_n south_n east_n west_n 4_o second_o and_o whereof_o the_o name_n be_v of_o two_o syllable_n and_o compose_v of_o two_o of_o the_o four_o first_o shall_v be_v call_v collateral_a wind_n as_o north-east_n northwest_n southeast_n south-west_n 8_o three_o and_o have_v their_o name_n of_o three_o syllable_n compose_v of_o one_o of_o the_o four_o first_o and_o of_o one_o of_o the_o four_o second_o as_o north_n north-east_n north_n northwest_n south_n southeast_n south_n south-west_n east_n north-east_n east_n south-west_n west_n northwest_n west_n south-west_n north_n and_o a_o quarter_n by_o north-east_n north_n and_o a_o quarter_n by_o northwest_n north-east_n and_o a_o quarter_n by_o north_n northwest_n and_o a_o quarter_n by_o north._n 16_o fourths_o take_v their_o name_n from_o four_o first_o or_o four_o second_o in_o say_v of_o one_o four_o part_n by_o the_o other_o and_o that_o without_o have_v regard_n to_o the_o eight_o three_o wind_n etc._n etc._n as_o it_o be_v south_n and_o a_o quarter_n by_o southeast_n south_n and_o a_o quarter_n by_o south-west_n southeast_n and_o a_o quarter_n by_o south_n south-west_n and_o a_o quarter_n by_o south_n east_n and_o a_o quarter_n by_o north-east_n east_n and_o a_o quarter_n by_o southeast_n north-east_n and_o a_o quarter_n by_o east_n southeast_n and_o a_o quarter_n by_o east_n west_n and_o a_o
the_o danube_n northward_o about_o 2000_o which_o large_a extent_n be_v the_o cause_n of_o its_o ruin_n and_o declension_n roman_n the_o ancient_a roman_n the_o ancient_a roman_n be_v a_o gallant_a people_n of_o a_o sound_a judgement_n and_o a_o ready_a wit_n well_o skill_v in_o art_n and_o science_n very_o covetous_a of_o glory_n of_o great_a valour_n as_o by_o their_o subdue_a the_o chief_a part_n of_o the_o world_n who_o contrary_a to_o the_o custom_n of_o invader_n to_o sack_n and_o ruin_v country_n they_o teach_v the_o people_n manner_n literature_n etc._n etc._n the_o roman_n be_v the_o first_o that_o wear_v the_o purple_a robe_n and_o the_o beginner_n of_o triumph_n they_o have_v excellent_a and_o stately_a theater_n and_o it_o be_v hold_v no_o disreputation_n to_o be_v a_o actor_n commodity_n it_o be_v fertility_n and_o commodity_n this_o country_n be_v so_o exceed_o furnish_v with_o whatsoever_o may_v be_v find_v useful_a for_o man_n and_o the_o soil_n so_o rich_a and_o for_o tile_n in_o grain_n fruit_n rice_n etc._n etc._n in_o some_o place_n have_v threo_fw-la harvest_n in_o one_o year_n that_o it_o be_v esteem_v the_o garden_n of_o the_o world_n the_o chief_a commodity_n for_o merchandise_n that_o this_o country_n yield_v be_v silk_n both_o raw_a and_o wrought_v into_o several_a fabric_n as_o satin_n taffity_n plush_n velvet_n cloth_n of_o gold_n and_o silver_n damask_n grogram_n rash_n fustian_n glass_n alom_n armour_n excellent_a wine_n oil_n saffron_n anni_fw-la seed_n argal_o brinistone_n several_a metal_n olive_n almond_n gall_n kids-skin_n lute_n string_n quicksilver_n aloe_n gold_n thread_n anchovy_n several_a drug_n etc._n etc._n italy_n the_o people_n of_o italy_n the_o italian_n be_v very_o ingenious_a respective_a and_o grave_n exceed_v malicious_a if_o affront_v much_o addict_v to_o woman_n which_o be_v here_o allow_v the_o liberty_n to_o make_v use_n of_o their_o own_o they_o be_v general_o very_o jealous_a of_o their_o wife_n so_o that_o they_o be_v deny_v the_o liberty_n of_o the_o street_n or_o the_o common_a view_n or_o society_n of_o man_n the_o woman_n be_v general_o handsome_a witty_a and_o of_o a_o seem_a modest_a behaviour_n it_o be_v observe_v of_o they_o that_o they_o be_v saint_n in_o the_o church_n angel_n in_o the_o street_n magpie_n at_o the_o door_n siren_n in_o the_o window_n and_o goat_n in_o the_o garden_n their_o language_n be_v very_o eloquent_a part_n it_o be_v chief_a part_n italy_n may_v be_v consider_v in_o three_o principal_a part_n viz._n lombardy_n italy_n particular_o so_o call_v and_o naples_n to_o which_o for_o a_o four_o may_v be_v add_v the_o neighbour_a isle_n in_o which_o say_v part_n be_v divers_a estate_n and_o dukedom_n all_o which_o be_v at_o large_a set_v down_o in_o the_o geographical_a table_n and_o of_o these_o part_n in_o order_n lombardy_n lombardy_n part_n of_o lombardy_n lombardy_n be_v divide_v into_o the_o high_a and_o low_a in_o the_o high_a be_v the_o estate_n of_o piedmont_n which_o belong_v to_o the_o duke_n of_o savoy_n of_o milan_n which_o belong_v to_o the_o catholic_n king_n of_o the_o commonwealth_n of_o genes_n or_o genoa_n and_o of_o montferrat_n which_o belong_v to_o the_o duke_n of_o mantova_n yet_o the_o duke_n of_o savoy_n have_v some_o part_n thereof_o and_o in_o the_o low_a lombardy_n be_v the_o estate_n of_o venice_n of_o mantova_n parma_n and_o modena_n which_o have_v their_o duke_n and_o of_o trent_n which_o have_v its_o bishop_n and_o in_o the_o one_o and_o the_o other_o lombardy_n be_v several_a small_a estate_n among_o which_o be_v that_o of_o mirandola_n the_o estate_n of_o piedmont_n wash_v by_o the_o mediterranean_a sea_n be_v exceed_v fertile_a though_o inferior_a to_o other_o part_n of_o lombardy_n it_o be_v divide_v betwixt_o the_o duke_n of_o savoy_n and_o mantova_n the_o river_n tener_n separate_v their_o possession_n it_o be_v very_o populous_a number_v about_o 160_o wall_a city_n and_o town_n of_o which_o the_o chief_a be_v turin_n places_z chief_z places_z which_o be_v the_o palace_n and_o court_n of_o the_o duke_n of_o savoy_n it_o be_v also_o dignify_v with_o the_o see_v of_o a_o archbishop_n and_o a_o university_n where_o the_o famous_a erasmus_n proceed_v dr._n of_o divinity_n 2._o aoste_n or_o avost_n seat_v on_o the_o northern_a limit_n of_o the_o country_n 3._o verceili_fw-la a_o town_n of_o great_a strength_n border_v on_o milan_n to_o which_o it_o do_v once_o belong_v 4._o saluzzo_n a_o marquisate_n and_o bishop_n see_n 5._o nizza_fw-it or_o nice_a a_o seaport_n town_n and_o serve_v for_o turin_n and_o 6._o asti._n and_o since_o we_o have_v before_o omit_v it_o before_o we_o pass_v further_o let_v we_o repass_v the_o alps_n and_o speak_v of_o the_o territory_n of_o this_o duke_n on_o this_o side_n which_o be_v the_o country_n of_o savoy_n from_o whence_o he_o bear_v his_o title_n savoy_n country_n of_o savoy_n savoy_n adjoin_v to_o piedmont_n be_v a_o country_n very_o mountainous_a and_o full_a of_o narrow_a passage_n and_o consequent_o not_o very_o fertile_a it_o be_v chief_a city_n be_v chambery_n or_o cambreria_n the_o residence_n of_o the_o duke_n when_o he_o be_v in_o these_o part_n seat_v in_o a_o pleasant_a valley_n among_o mountain_n which_o be_v well_o store_v with_o beautiful_a house_n belong_v to_o the_o gentry_n of_o these_o part_n and_o next_o turante_fw-la which_o command_v the_o passage_n into_o italy_n it_o be_v other_o place_n of_o account_n be_v thonon_n cluse_n beaufort_n vgine_n montier_n yenne_n modane_n etc._n etc._n the_o duchy_n of_o milan_n be_v rich_a in_o nature_n gift_n be_v seat_v in_o the_o best_a part_n of_o lombardy_n afford_v great_a plenty_n of_o grain_n wine_n oil_n and_o silk_n and_o be_v say_v to_o have_v the_o best_a rice_n in_o the_o world_n it_o have_v for_o its_o chief_a place_n places_z chief_z places_z 1._o milan_n which_o notwithstanding_o its_o often_o spoil_n be_v say_v to_o be_v the_o great_a city_n of_o all_o lombardy_n it_o be_v seat_v in_o a_o wide_a plain_n wherein_o be_v no_o less_o pleasant_a than_o profitable_a meadow_n and_o river_n it_o be_v strong_o fortify_v with_o a_o wall_n and_o a_o spacious_a and_o almost_o impregnable_a castle_n beside_o its_o fortification_n it_o be_v beautify_v with_o many_o splendid_a ornament_n the_o chief_a of_o which_o be_v its_o university_n its_o hospital_n liberal_o endow_v seat_v in_o a_o isle_n almost_o two_o mile_n in_o compass_n and_o capable_a to_o give_v entertainment_n to_o about_o 4000_o sick_a person_n its_o school_n nunnery_n and_o church_n which_o amount_v in_o all_o to_o 238_o most_o of_o which_o be_v stately_a structure_n and_o beautify_v with_o curious_a painting_n image_n of_o the_o saint_n sepulcher_n and_o several_a religious_a antiquity_n the_o whole_a city_n be_v about_o seven_o mile_n in_o circuit_n be_v exceed_v populous_a very_o rich_a and_o of_o a_o great_a commerce_n afford_v sundry_a good_a commodity_n 2._o pavia_n seat_v on_o the_o river_n tacinus_n honour_v with_o a_o famous_a university_n of_o note_n for_o the_o battle_n in_o which_o francis_n the_o first_o of_o france_n be_v take_v prisoner_n by_o the_o emperor_n charles_n the_o five_o who_o for_o his_o ransom_n be_v force_v to_o release_v all_o his_o title_n and_o interest_n to_o the_o kingdom_n of_o naples_n and_o this_o duchy_n of_o milan_n 3._o cremona_n seat_v on_o the_o bank_n of_o the_o po_n first_o build_v in_o the_o begin_n of_o the_o punic_a war._n it_o be_v a_o place_n of_o good_a account_n have_v a_o considerable_a trade_n beautify_v with_o well_o build_v house_n with_o the_o conveniency_n of_o curious_a garden_n and_o have_v large_a and_o well_o order_v street_n it_o be_v of_o most_o note_n for_o its_o high_a tower_n and_o cathedral_n church_n where_o be_v to_o be_v see_v many_o relic_n of_o saint_n and_o curious_a picture_n 4._o como_n seat_v on_o a_o lake_n so_o call_v which_o be_v about_o fifty_o mile_n in_o circuit_n on_o which_o the_o citizen_n use_v to_o recreate_v themselves_o in_o boat_n it_o be_v a_o city_n of_o good_a antiquity_n and_o here_o it_o be_v that_o both_o the_o plinys_n be_v bear_v 5._o alexandria_n which_o from_o a_o poor_a village_n through_o the_o often_o ruin_n of_o milan_n be_v now_o become_v a_o fair_a strong_a and_o flourish_a town_n 6._o lodi_n 7._o tortona_n 8._o valenca_fw-la and_o 9_o novara_n genova_n state_n of_o genova_n the_o state_n of_o genes_n or_o genova_n once_o very_o large_a but_o at_o present_a possess_v only_a liguria_n in_o the_o continent_n and_o the_o isle_n of_o corsica_n of_o which_o we_o shall_v speak_v in_o place_n more_o convenient_a the_o people_n be_v much_o addict_v to_o traffic_n and_o usury_n and_o here_o the_o woman_n be_v allow_v the_o liberty_n of_o the_o street_n as_o also_o to_o accompany_v or_o discourse_v with_o man_n which_o be_v forbid_v they_o in_o other_o part_n
saturday_n maxfield_n maxfield_n maxfield_n or_o macclesfield_n seat_v near_o a_o forest_n so_o call_v a_o very_a fair_a and_o large_a town_n grace_v with_o a_o goodly_a church_n which_o have_v a_o high_a spire_n steeple_n adjoin_v to_o which_o be_v a_o college_n the_o inhabitant_n drive_v a_o great_a trade_n in_o make_v of_o button_n and_o its_o market_n which_o be_v on_o mondays_n be_v well_o serve_v with_o corn_n provision_n etc._n etc._n describe_v cornwall_n describe_v cornwall_n encompass_v on_o all_o part_n except_o on_o the_o east_n by_o devonshire_n with_o the_o sea_n which_o thrust_v forth_o its_o several_a arm_n and_o receive_v those_o many_o river_n which_o plentiful_o water_v the_o county_n as_o the_o foy_n newton_n dranes_n lo_o â—â—nla_o seaton_n 'loo_o liner_n tavy_n and_o tame_a it_o be_v of_o a_o sharp_a but_o healthful_a air_n general_o very_o hilly_a consist_v ordinary_o of_o rock_n and_o shelf_n but_o crust_v over_o with_o a_o shallow_a earth_n and_o more_o inoline_v to_o sterility_n than_o sertility_n but_o the_o part_n towards_o the_o sea_n and_o the_o enclosure_n about_o the_o town_n through_o the_o industry_n of_o the_o husbandman_n be_v more_o sertil_a bear_v good_a crop_n and_o feed_v store_n of_o cattle_n it_o afford_v great_a store_n of_o game_n both_o for_o the_o hawk_n and_o hound_n and_o its_o sea_n and_o river_n plenty_n of_o several_a sort_n of_o fish_n and_o fowl_n as_o well_o those_o common_a to_o other_o county_n as_o appropriate_v to_o themselves_o in_o the_o bowel_n of_o the_o earth_n be_v quarry_n of_o sundry_a sort_n of_o useful_a stone_n and_o slate_n for_o building_n also_o copper_n precious_a stone_n call_v cornish_a diamond_n but_o chief_o tin_n which_o be_v here_o find_v in_o great_a plenty_n to_o the_o great_a inrichment_n of_o the_o inhabitant_n who_o as_o to_o their_o name_n and_o language_n hold_v great_a affinity_n with_o the_o welsh_a the_o ancient_a inhabitant_n be_v know_v to_o the_o roman_n by_o the_o name_n of_o the_o danmonti_n and_o become_v afterward_o part_n of_o the_o kingdom_n of_o the_o west_n saxon_n this_o county_n be_v sever_v into_o 9_o hundred_o in_o which_o be_v number_v 161_o parish_n church_n and_o have_v intercourse_n of_o traffic_n with_o 23_o market_n to_n launston_n seat_v on_o a_o eminency_n and_o on_o a_o branch_n of_o the_o tame_a launston_n launston_n a_o large_a town_n corporate_a govern_v by_o a_o major_n and_o his_o brethren_n and_o among_o other_o immunity_n elect_v parliament_n man_n it_o be_v a_o place_n well_o inhabit_v enjoy_v a_o good_a trade_n and_o the_o more_o as_o be_v the_o place_n where_o the_o assize_n be_v hold_v and_o it_o be_v market_n which_o be_v on_o saturday_n be_v well_o serve_v with_o provision_n adâ—oyning_v to_o this_o town_n be_v a_o ancient_a castle_n seat_v on_o a_o great_a eminency_n and_o encompass_v at_o the_o top_n with_o a_o treble_a wall_n where_o there_o be_v a_o college_n of_o canon_n and_o secular_a priest_n the_o low_a part_n now_o comprise_v a_o decay_a chapel_n a_o large_a hall_n and_o a_o place_n make_v use_v of_o for_o the_o common_a goal_n liskerd_fw-mi a_o town_n corporate_a govern_v by_o a_o major_n 8_o magistrate_n liskerd_n liskerd_n a_o recorder_n and_o other_o sub-officer_n elect_v parliament_n man_n have_v a_o eminent_a free_a school_n and_o be_v a_o large_a well_o inhabit_v and_o frequent_v town_n who_o market_n on_o saturdays_n be_v well_o serve_v with_o corn_n and_o all_o sort_n of_o provision_n and_o the_o inhabitant_n drive_v a_o considerable_a trade_n for_o tarn_n every_o market-day_n bodman_n seat_v in_o a_o bottom_n between_o two_o high_a hill_n bodman_n bodman_n which_o render_v it_o not_o very_o healthful_a especial_o to_o new_a comer_n it_o be_v large_a a_o indifferent_a well_o build_v and_o inhabit_v town_n corporate_a govern_v by_o a_o major_n send_v burgess_n to_o parliament_n and_o have_v a_o great_a market_n on_o saturdays_n for_o corn_n and_o provision_n listhyel_fw-mi or_o listwithiel_n seat_v on_o the_o foy_n not_o far_o from_o its_o fall_n into_o foyhaven_n listhyel_n listhyel_n which_o former_o bring_v up_o vessel_n to_o the_o town_n but_o its_o channel_n be_v choke_v up_o by_o reason_n of_o the_o tin-mine_n be_v a_o great_a obstruction_n to_o its_o trade_n it_o be_v a_o town_n corporate_a govern_v by_o a_o major_n and_o his_o brethren_n elect_v parliament_n man_n have_v its_o part_n in_o the_o coinage_n of_o the_o tin_n but_o the_o goal_n for_o the_o whole_a stannery_n and_o the_o keep_n of_o the_o court_n be_v only_o here_o keep_v and_o have_v a_o small_a market_n on_o friday_n foy_fw-fr so_o call_v from_o its_o haven_n or_o arm_v of_o the_o sea_n on_o which_o it_o be_v seat_v foy_n foy_n be_v strong_o fortify_v at_o the_o entrance_n of_o the_o haven_n with_o blockhouse_n and_o in_o time_n past_a be_v a_o place_n very_o considerable_a for_o ship_n and_o traffic_n its_o market_n which_o be_v on_o saturday_n be_v very_o serve_v with_o corn_n and_o provision_n west-looe_a seat_v on_o a_o navigable_a creek_n over_o which_o it_o have_v a_o fair_a bridge_n west-loot_a west-loot_a which_o lead_v to_o east-looe_a more_o commodious_o seat_v where_o there_o be_v a_o indifferent_a good_a market_n on_o saturday_n they_o be_v both_o town_n corporate_a and_o send_v burgess_n to_o parliament_n the_o chief_a benefit_n arise_v to_o the_o inhabitant_n of_o these_o town_n be_v their_o fish_n saltash_n seat_v on_o the_o descent_n of_o a_o steep_a hill_n a_o pretty_a large_a town_n corporate_a saltash_n saltash_n consist_v of_o 3_o street_n be_v govern_v by_o a_o major_n and_o 9_o alderman_n enjoy_v large_a immunity_n and_o send_v burgess_n to_o parliament_n it_o be_v market_n be_v on_o saturday_n which_o of_o late_o be_v much_o decay_v to_o what_o it_o be_v â—oditoâ—_n 〈…〉_o â—oditoâ—_n yet_o its_o inhabitant_n gain_v well_o by_o their_o malt_n and_o good_a beer_n not_o far_o from_o this_o town_n be_v trematon_n castle_n once_o a_o place_n of_o great_a note_n in_o which_o be_v keep_v the_o trematon_n court_n wherein_o all_o cause_n within_o â—he_n say_v fee_n be_v try_v as_o also_o the_o prison_n padstow_n padstow_n padstow_n a_o seaport_n town_n of_o some_o trade_n by_o reason_n of_o its_o commodious_a situation_n with_o ireland_n and_o be_v its_o haven_n secure_a it_o will_v be_v of_o great_a account_n it_o be_v a_o borough_n town_n elect_v parliament_n man_n and_o have_v a_o good_a market_n for_o corn_n and_o provision_n on_o saturday_n falmouth_n falmouth_n falmouth_n at_o present_a a_o very_a large_a and_o well_o inhabit_v town_n corporate_a govern_v by_o major_n and_o sub_fw-la officer_n enjoy_v a_o good_a trade_n be_v well_o resort_v unto_o by_o ship_n where_o there_o be_v a_o key_n intend_v short_o to_o be_v build_v and_o have_v a_o very_a considerable_a market_n for_o corn_n and_o provision_n on_o thursdays_n the_o haven_n whereon_o this_o town_n be_v seat_v and_o bear_v its_o name_n be_v very_o commodious_a for_o ship_n and_o so_o capacious_a that_o 100_o sail_n of_o ship_n may_v safe_o ride_v at_o anchor_n and_o this_o haven_n with_o those_o of_o milford_n and_o plymouth_n be_v the_o chief_a in_o the_o kingdom_n on_o the_o west_n side_n and_o at_o the_o very_a entrance_n of_o this_o haven_n be_v pendennis_n castle_n seat_v on_o a_o hill_n so_o call_v and_o on_o the_o other_o side_n but_o of_o a_o low_a situation_n be_v st._n moze_n or_o maudit_fw-la both_o which_o be_v a_o great_a security_n to_o the_o coast_n and_o haven_n truro_n truro_n truro_n seat_v on_o a_o branch_n of_o falmouth_n haven_n at_o present_a the_o head_n town_n in_o the_o county_n be_v a_o fair_a large_a well_o inhabit_v and_o trade_a borough_n town_n privilege_v with_o a_o majoralty_n send_v burgess_n to_o parliament_n have_v the_o coinage_n of_o the_o tin_n be_v a_o place_n where_o the_o western_a session_n be_v hold_v and_o its_o market_n on_o wednesday_n and_o saturday_n be_v well_o serve_v with_o provision_n etc._n etc._n penrin_n penrin_n penrin_n seat_v also_o on_o a_o creek_n of_o falmouth-haven_n a_o very_a considerable_a toâ—en_o corporate_a elect_v parliament_n man_n and_o have_v weekly_o 3_o market_n viz._n on_o wednesdays_n friday_n and_o saturday_n for_o corn_n and_o on_o saturday_n for_o provision_n helston_n helston_n helston_n seat_v on_o the_o low_a between_o which_o and_o the_o sea_n there_o be_v a_o great_a breach_n or_o bar_v of_o sand._n it_o be_v a_o well_o inhabit_v and_o frequent_v town_n corporate_a govern_v by_o a_o major_n and_o alderman_n elect_v parliament_n man_n and_o its_o market_n on_o saturdays_n be_v well_o serve_v with_o provision_n and_o the_o two_o market_n before_o christmas_n be_v so_o great_a that_o they_o may_v be_v reckon_v as_o fair_n near_o this_o town_n be_v godolphin-hill_n well_o know_v for_o its_o rich_a tin_n mine_n penzance_n penzance_n penzance_n seat_v on_o monts-bay_n and_o in_o a_o
be_v remove_v to_o chichester_n arundel_n arundel_n arundel_n pleasant_o seat_v near_o a_o forest_n so_o call_v and_o on_o the_o bank_n of_o the_o arum_fw-la over_o which_o it_o have_v a_o bridge_n it_o be_v a_o ancient_a borough_n town_n govern_v by_o a_o major_n and_o sub-officer_n and_o among_o its_o immunity_n send_v burgess_n to_o parliament_n it_o be_v once_o of_o note_n for_o its_o ancient_a and_o strong_a castle_n which_o flourish_v in_o the_o time_n of_o the_o saxon_a empire_n the_o town_n be_v indifferent_a large_a and_o its_o house_n well_o build_v and_o have_v a_o market_n horsham_n horsham_n horsham_n seat_v near_o st._n leonard_n forest_n say_v to_o be_v so_o call_v from_o horsa_n brother_n to_o hengist_n who_o be_v the_o first_o leader_n of_o the_o english_a saxon_n into_o this_o isle_n it_o be_v a_o large_a borough_n town_n govern_v by_o bailiff_n send_v burgess_n to_o parliament_n be_v the_o place_n where_o the_o county_n goal_n be_v keep_v as_o also_o the_o assize_n and_o have_v a_o very_a great_a market_n on_o saturdays_n for_o corn_n and_o all_o sort_n of_o provision_n especial_o fowl_n which_o be_v buy_v up_o by_o london_n haggler_n new_a shorham_n seat_v on_o a_o arm_n of_o the_o sea_n shorham_n shorham_n which_o render_v it_o to_o be_v a_o place_n of_o some_o trade_n and_o will_v be_v more_o have_v it_o but_o a_o good_a harbour_n for_o ship_n it_o be_v a_o town_n corporate_a govern_v by_o a_o constable_n and_o burgess_n elect_v parliament_n man_n but_o have_v not_o the_o benefit_n of_o a_o market_n lewes_n situate_a on_o the_o bank_n of_o the_o arun_n a_o town_n of_o good_a antiquity_n lewes_n lewes_n where_o king_n athelstan_n appoint_v the_o mintage_n of_o his_o money_n it_o be_v a_o town_n corporate_a govern_v by_o 2_o constable_n enjoy_v several_a immunity_n elect_v parliament_n man_n and_o have_v a_o very_a good_a market_n for_o corn_n and_o provision_n on_o saturday_n this_o town_n for_o fairness_n of_o building_n and_o street_n populousness_n of_o inhabitant_n both_o of_o gentry_n and_o tradesman_n and_o largeness_n number_v 6_o parish_n church_n and_o have_v large_a suburb_n may_v be_v esteem_v one_o of_o the_o best_a town_n in_o the_o county_n at_o the_o entrance_n of_o the_o river_n arun_n into_o the_o sea_n be_v new-haven_n of_o late_o make_v a_o pretty_a secure_a harbour_n for_o ship_n which_o hither_o put_v in_o in_o foul_a weather_n which_o these_o sea_n be_v subject_a unto_o east-grinsted_n seat_v on_o a_o eminence_n grinsted_n grinsted_n a_o small_a borough_n town_n on_o the_o confine_n of_o the_o county_n towards_o surrey_n be_v grace_v with_o a_o fair_a church_n have_v the_o election_n of_o parliament_n man_n be_v govern_v by_o a_o bailiff_n and_o burgess_n be_v the_o place_n where_o the_o assize_n be_v often_o hold_v and_o have_v a_o good_a market_n on_o thursdays_n winchelsey_n of_o good_a antiquity_n winchelsey_n winchelsey_n and_o once_o of_o far_o great_a account_n than_o now_o it_o be_v and_o that_o occasion_v by_o the_o sea_n unkindness_n in_o forsake_v it_o yet_o do_v it_o still_o enjoy_v its_o privilege_n as_o keep_v of_o court_n in_o be_v a_o member_n of_o one_o of_o the_o cinque-port_n in_o send_v burgess_n to_o parliament_n and_o by_o be_v govern_v by_o a_o major_n who_o be_v lord_n of_o yarmouth_n for_o the_o fishing-trade_n and_o jurat_n the_o town_n be_v seat_v on_o a_o rock_n or_o sandy_a cliff_n and_o on_o a_o inlet_n of_o the_o sea_n where_o it_o make_v 4_o cataract_n and_o be_v its_o haven_n not_o choke_v up_o it_o will_v be_v a_o place_n of_o trade_n it_o be_v former_o a_o large_a town_n number_v 18_o parish_n church_n which_o be_v all_o reduce_v to_o ruin_v except_o one_o and_o its_o building_n also_o waste_v and_o ruinous_a for_o want_v of_o inhabitant_n so_o that_o its_o market_n be_v now_o disuse_v rye_n one_o of_o the_o cinqueport_n town_n rye_n rye_n which_o begin_v to_o flourish_v upon_o the_o decay_n of_o winchelsey_n be_v wall_v about_o where_o the_o cliff_n defend_v it_o not_o in_o the_o reign_n of_o king_n edward_n the_o three_o it_o be_v at_o present_a a_o fair_a and_o well-built_a town_n with_o pave_a street_n be_v well_o inhabit_v and_o frequent_v chief_o by_o fisherman_n be_v of_o note_n for_o its_o excellent_a herring_n here_o take_v and_o for_o be_v the_o ready_a port-town_n to_o normandy_n it_o be_v govern_v by_o a_o major_n and_o jurat_n have_v a_o commodious_a haven_n and_o have_v weekly_o 2._o market_n viz._n on_o wednesdays_n and_o saturday_n which_o be_v very_o well_o serve_v with_o corn_n and_o provision_n hastings_z of_o good_a antiquity_n be_v incorporate_v hastings_n hastings_n govern_v by_o a_o major_n and_o jurat_n be_v one_o of_o the_o cinque-port_n enjoy_v large_a immunity_n and_o be_v of_o note_n for_o be_v the_o place_n where_o william_n the_o conqueror_n set_v up_o his_o fortress_n at_o his_o land_n at_o balver-hith_n not_o far_o distant_a where_o he_o cause_v his_o fleet_n to_o be_v burn_v it_o be_v a_o large_a town_n contain_v 2_o parish_n church_n chief_o compose_v of_o as_o many_o street_n in_o each_o of_o which_o there_o be_v a_o church_n and_o its_o market_n on_o wednesday_n and_o saturday_n be_v well_o resort_v unto_o and_o serve_v with_o corn_n and_o provision_n especial_o fish_n which_o be_v here_o have_v in_o great_a plenty_n as_o to_o the_o situation_n of_o this_o town_n it_o be_v couch_v between_o a_o high_a cliff_n sea-ward_n and_o as_o high_a a_o hill_n land-ward_n describe_v county_n of_o warwick_n describe_v the_o county_n of_o warwick_z seated_z as_o it_o be_v in_o the_o midst_n or_o heart_n of_o the_o kingdom_n and_o participate_v with_o she_o in_o the_o best_a both_o for_o richness_n of_o soil_n pureness_n of_o air_n and_o pleasure_n to_o its_o inhabitant_n it_o may_v be_v divide_v into_o two_o part_n the_o one_o call_v feldon_n and_o the_o other_o woodland_n and_o these_o be_v in_o a_o manner_n separate_v by_o the_o river_n avon_n which_o in_o a_o crooked_a passage_n run_v through_o the_o county_n that_o call_v feldon_n be_v more_o champain_n afford_v rich_a meadow_n feed_v store_n of_o cattle_n and_o be_v exceed_o grateful_a to_o the_o husbandman_n in_o their_o crop_n of_o corn_n that_o call_v woodland_n of_o old_a arden_n take_v its_o name_n from_o the_o great_a plenty_n of_o wood_n which_o be_v now_o much_o waste_v by_o the_o iron-work_n and_o this_o part_n be_v more_o ungrateful_a to_o the_o husbandman_n it_o be_v sever_v into_o 5_o hundred_o in_o which_o be_v number_v 158_o parish_n church_n and_o be_v trade_v unto_o by_o 17_o market_n to_n coventry_n coventry_n coventry_n well_o seat_v for_o a_o inland_a city_n be_v esteem_v the_o chief_a place_n of_o trade_n in_o these_o part_n a_o place_n very_o well_o inhabit_v and_o frequent_v and_o the_o more_o for_o the_o great_a quantity_n of_o clothes_n here_o make_v and_o vend_v it_o be_v a_o fair_a neat_a and_o large_a city_n contain_v 3_o parish_n church_n of_o which_o that_o of_o st._n michael_n and_o the_o holy_a trinity_n be_v lofty_o build_v and_o be_v beautify_v with_o good_a building_n and_o well_o order_v street_n and_o its_o cross_n now_o late_o repair_v be_v compose_v of_o curious_a work_n and_o delightful_a to_o behold_v here_o it_o be_v that_o godiva_n wife_n to_o leofrick_n earl_n of_o the_o mercian_n for_o the_o purchase_n the_o citizen_n freedom_n and_o to_o be_v ease_v from_o those_o heavy_a tax_n which_o he_o impose_v upon_o they_o for_o some_o offence_n about_o noonday_n ride_v naked_a through_o the_o chief_a street_n of_o the_o city_n it_o be_v a_o place_n which_o enjoy_v several_a immunity_n be_v a_o county_n incorporate_v of_o itself_o have_v within_o its_o liberty_n several_a town_n be_v govern_v by_o a_o major_n 2_o sheriff_n and_o other_o sub-officer_n keep_v court_n for_o the_o hear_n of_o cause_n and_o trial_n of_o felon_n have_v a_o goal_n for_o offender_n and_o send_v burgess_n to_o parliament_n it_o be_v a_o place_n well_o serve_v with_o commodity_n and_o its_o market_n on_o friday_n be_v very_o great_a for_o corn_n cattle_n provision_n etc._n etc._n warwick_n warwick_n warwick_n a_o town_n of_o great_a antiquity_n say_v to_o be_v build_v by_o gurgunstus_n almost_o 400_o year_n before_o the_o birth_n of_o christ_n and_o in_o the_o time_n of_o the_o roman_n it_o be_v in_o a_o very_a flourish_a condition_n large_a and_o populous_a where_o they_o keep_v a_o garrison_n which_o be_v a_o band_n of_o dalmatian_a horseman_n it_o be_v at_o present_a a_o town_n of_o good_a account_n seat_v on_o a_o steep_a rock_n and_o wash_v on_o the_o river_n avon_n over_o which_o it_o have_v a_o strong_a and_o well-built_a stone-bridge_n it_o be_v indifferent_a large_a contain_v 2_o parish_n church_n beside_o several_a demolish_a its_o house_n be_v well_o build_v its_o street_n well-ordered_a and_o large_a
wye_n which_o receive_v those_o many_o stream_n that_o so_o plentiful_o water_v the_o county_n and_o afford_v to_o the_o inhabitant_n great_a abundance_n of_o fish_n especial_o salmon_n and_o trout_n in_o the_o wye_n here_o be_v seat_v 61_o parish_n church_n and_o 4_o market_n to_n brecknock_n seat_v at_o the_o meeting_n of_o the_o river_n hodney_n and_o vske_n brecknock_n brecknock_n over_o which_o it_o have_v a_o fair_a stone-bridge_n it_o be_v a_o place_n of_o good_a antiquity_n and_o at_o present_a a_o very_a large_a bailiwick_n town_n contain_v 3_o parish_n church_n one_o of_o which_o be_v a_o collegiate_n church_n its_o house_n be_v well_o build_v be_v once_o strengthen_v with_o a_o stately_a castle_n as_o also_o with_o a_o strong_a wall_n which_o give_v entrance_n by_o 3_o gate_n it_o be_v govern_v by_o 2_o bailiff_n 15_o alderman_n 2_o chamberlain_n a_o town_n clerk_n etc._n etc._n among_o its_o immunity_n send_v a_o burgess_n to_o parliament_n be_v a_o place_n well_o inhabit_v and_o the_o rather_o as_o be_v the_o shire-town_n where_o the_o assize_n be_v hold_v it_o enjoy_v a_o good_a trade_n for_o clothe_v and_o have_v weekly_o two_o market_n on_o wednesday_n and_o saturday_n which_o be_v very_o well_o serve_v with_o cattle_n corn_n and_o provision_n about_o two_o mile_n from_o this_o town_n be_v a_o large_a mere_a or_o pool_n some_o mile_n in_o compass_n call_v brecknock-mee_a where_o in_o former_a time_n stand_v a_o fair_a city_n which_o be_v swallow_v up_o by_o a_o earthquake_n hay_o seat_v between_o the_o wye_n and_o the_o dulas_n hay_o hay_o a_o town_n of_o good_a note_n in_o the_o time_n of_o the_o roman_n be_v then_o sortify_v with_o a_o castle_n and_o a_o wall_n it_o be_v at_o present_a a_o good_a town_n and_o have_v a_o very_a great_a market_n for_o corn_n cattle_n and_o provision_n on_o mondays_n bealt_v pleasant_o seat_v among_o the_o wood_n and_o on_o the_o bank_n of_o the_o wye_n bealt_v bealt_v over_o which_o it_o have_v a_o very_a large_a wooden-bridge_n which_o lead_v into_o radnorshire_n at_o present_a a_o pretty_a small_a town_n enjoy_v a_o considerable_a trade_n for_o stocking_n and_o have_v weekly_o two_o very_o good_a market_n on_o mondays_n for_o cattle_n and_o on_o saturday_n for_o corn_n and_o provision_n cardigan_n county_n of_o cardigan_n cardigan_n a_o county_n of_o a_o different_a soil_n and_o ill_o clothe_v with_o wood_n the_o southern_a and_o western_a part_n be_v plain_a and_o very_a fertile_a yet_o not_o without_o some_o hill_n and_o its_o eastern_a and_o northern_a part_n be_v mountainous_a and_o not_o so_o fertile_a among_o which_o be_v the_o plinillimon-hill_n a_o mountain_n of_o a_o very_a great_a extent_n and_o height_n here_o be_v number_v 64_o parish_n church_n and_o have_v 4_o market_n to_n cardigan_n cardigan_n cardigan_n former_o strengthen_v with_o a_o wall_n and_o a_o fair_a and_o spacious_a castle_n build_v on_o the_o side_n of_o the_o tywye_n upon_o a_o rock_n long_o since_o bring_v to_o ruin_v it_o be_v a_o town_n no_o less_o pleasant_o than_o commodious_o seat_v on_o the_o say_a river_n tywye_n over_o which_o it_o have_v a_o fair_a stone-bridge_n sustain_v by_o several_a arch_n and_o be_v of_o no_o great_a distance_n from_o its_o influx_n into_o the_o sea_n and_o be_v the_o shire-town_n where_o the_o assize_n be_v hold_v and_o the_o county-gaol_n keep_v be_v well_o inhabit_v and_o frequent_v be_v a_o large_a town_n though_o contain_v but_o one_o church_n which_o be_v a_o fair_a structure_n and_o be_v grace_v with_o a_o well_o build_v shire-hall_n with_o several_a good_a building_n and_o as_o a_o town_n corporate_a be_v govern_v by_o a_o major_n alderman_n common_a council_n with_o sub-officer_n enjoy_v several_a immunity_n elect_v a_o parliament_n man_n and_o have_v a_o indifferent_a good_a market_n on_o saturday_n llanbeder_n llanbeder_n llanbeder_n seat_v on_o the_o tywye_n over_o which_o be_v a_o bridge_n which_o lead_v into_o caermardenshire_n a_o indifferent_a good_a town_n govern_v by_o a_o port-reive_a and_o steward_n and_o have_v a_o market_n on_o tuesdays_n which_o be_v well_o resort_v unto_o for_o grain_n and_o provision_n and_o from_o the_o latter_a end_n of_o april_n to_o the_o begin_n of_o july_n be_v very_o great_a for_o sheep_n heifer_n cow_n and_o calf_n aberysthwy_o aberysthwy_fw-fr aberysthwy_fw-fr seat_v on_o a_o rising-ground_n and_o on_o the_o bank_n of_o the_o ridall_n near_o its_o influx_n into_o the_o sea_n a_o town_n once_o strengthen_v with_o a_o wall_n and_o castle_n now_o ruinate_v it_o be_v a_o long_a and_o ill-built_a town_n govern_v by_o a_o major_n with_o sub-officer_n have_v a_o very_a great_a market_n for_o corn_n wool_n cheese_n and_o provision_n on_o mondays_n and_o be_v a_o place_n much_o resort_v unto_o by_o reason_n of_o its_o fishing-trade_n and_o will_v be_v more_o be_v its_o inhabitant_n industrious_a near_o unto_o this_o town_n be_v lhan-badernvaur_a a_o well-built_a town_n grace_v with_o a_o fair_a church_n which_o be_v former_o a_o episcopal_a see_v and_o be_v now_o the_o parish_n church_n of_o aberysthwy_n caermarden_n county_n of_o caermarden_n caermardenshire_n be_v general_o of_o a_o fertile_a soil_n both_o for_o tillage_n and_o pasturage_n as_o not_o be_v so_o mountainous_a as_o its_o neighbour_a county_n and_o be_v well_o water_v with_o rivers_n as_o the_o tovye_a taoy_n lough_n or_o taff_n which_o with_o other_o discharge_v themselves_o into_o the_o sea_n plentiful_o serve_v the_o inhabitant_n with_o fish_n and_o fowl_n and_o in_o many_o place_n be_v dug_n pit-coal_n here_o be_v seat_v 87_o parish_n church_n and_o be_v trade_v unto_o by_o 8_o market_n to_n caermarden_n caermarden_n caermarden_n pleasant_o seat_v on_o the_o towy_a over_o which_o it_o have_v a_o fair_a stone-bridge_n and_o be_v navigable_a for_o small_a vessel_n have_v a_o good_a key_n for_o the_o lade_n and_o unlade_v of_o their_o merchandize_n it_o be_v a_o place_n well_o inhabit_v and_o trade_v unto_o and_o as_o a_o town_n corporate_a be_v govern_v by_o a_o major_n 2_o sheriff_n elect_v out_o of_o 16_o burgess_n or_o alderman_n all_o clad_v in_o scarlet_a with_o other_o sub-officer_n among_o its_o immunity_n elect_v a_o parliament_n man_n keep_v court_n for_o the_o trial_n of_o cause_n be_v the_o place_n where_o the_o assize_n be_v hold_v and_o have_v weekly_o two_o market_n on_o wednesday_n and_o saturday_n which_o be_v very_o great_a for_o corn_n cattle_n and_o provision_n both_o flesh_n fish_n and_o fowl_n in_o great_a plenty_n this_o town_n glori_v in_o give_v birth_n to_o merlin_n that_o famous_a british_a prophet_n or_o soothsayer_n llancharn_n llangharn_n llangharn_n or_o llangharne_n seat_v on_o the_o towye_n near_o its_o influx_n into_o the_o sea_n a_o well-built_a town_n of_o some_o trade_n have_v several_a vessel_n belong_v to_o it_o and_o its_o market_n which_o be_v on_o friday_n be_v very_o good_a for_o corn_n and_o provision_n near_o unto_o this_o town_n be_v a_o which_o or_o salt-work_n where_o good_a quantity_n of_o salt_n make_v llanelly_n seat_v on_o a_o creek_n of_o the_o sea_n a_o pretty_a good_a town_n llanelly_n llanelly_n which_o be_v well_o trade_v unto_o for_o sea-coal_n and_o have_v a_o market_n on_o thursdays_n of_o good_a account_n for_o all_o sort_n of_o cattle_n corn_n and_o provision_n llandilovawre_n seat_v on_o the_o towy_a over_o which_o it_o have_v a_o fair_a bridge_n llandilovawre_fw-fr llandilovawre_fw-fr a_o pretty_a good_a town_n have_v two_o market_n weekly_o on_o tuesdays_n and_o saturday_n for_o cattle_n corn_n and_o provision_n and_o the_o parish_n to_o which_o this_o town_n belong_v be_v about_o 13_o mile_n in_o length_n and_o 7_o or_o 8_o in_o breadth_n llanymdofry_n seat_v among_o river_n llanymdofry_n llanymdofry_n a_o pretty_a fair_a bailiwick_n and_o town_n corporate_a and_o have_v two_o very_a great_a market_n weekly_a on_o wednesday_n and_o saturday_n for_o provision_n and_o the_o great_a in_o the_o county_n for_o cattle_n and_o sheep_n describe_v county_n of_o glamorgan_n describe_v the_o county_n of_o glamorgan_n be_v of_o a_o temperate_a and_o healthful_a air_n and_o of_o a_o different_a soil_n and_o situation_n the_o northern_a part_n be_v extreme_o mountainous_a full_a of_o thick_a wood_n very_o barren_a and_o thin_o inhabit_v yet_o be_v find_v to_o feed_v good_a herd_n of_o cattle_n and_o to_o send_v forth_o several_a fresh_a stream_n the_o chief_a among_o which_o be_v the_o tavye_n taff_n ogmore_n rumney_n elay_n nid_n or_o neath_n etc._n etc._n and_o the_o southern_a part_n which_o be_v wash_v by_o the_o severn_n sea_n and_o receive_v the_o say_a river_n be_v more_o upon_o a_o level_n be_v very_o fertile_a both_o for_o corn_n and_o feed_n of_o great_a quantity_n of_o sheep_n and_o cattle_n be_v well_o inhabit_v and_o thick_o beset_v with_o town_n and_o house_n of_o the_o gentry_n this_o county_n number_v 118_o parish_n church_n and_o have_v the_o accommodation_n
cordovant_n and_o of_o their_o hair_n plain_a and_o water_a chamlet_n also_o store_n of_o cattle_n grain_n excellent_a fruit_n among_o other_o their_o grape_n as_o big_a as_o pullets-egg_n they_o have_v plenty_n of_o fowl_n commodity_n the_o fertility_n &_o commodity_n and_o their_o river_n breed_v store_n of_o fish_n ducala_n province_n of_o ducala_n ducala_n the_o most_o northern_a part_n of_o morocco_n and_o possess_v that_o which_o be_v between_o the_o river_n tensift_n and_o ommiraby_n a_o land_n fruitful_a for_o grain_n it_o be_v best_a city_n be_v 1._o azamor_n where_o the_o ommiraby_n enlarge_v and_o form_n a_o gulf_n to_o disburden_v itself_o into_o the_o sea_n which_o before_o the_o portugal_n become_v master_n of_o it_o have_v above_o 5000_o house_n it_o sell_v again_o into_o the_o hand_n of_o the_o moor_n and_o entire_o restore_v have_v a_o strong_a garrison_n 2._o elmadine_n towards_o the_o sea_n and_o in_o a_o fair_a plain_n have_v be_v esteem_v the_o capital_a of_o the_o country_n 3._o magrizena-sanut_a which_o they_o have_v fortify_v and_o on_o the_o same_o coast_n have_v dismantle_v tite_n the_o easy_a to_o fetch_v in_o tribute_n thence_o and_o from_o the_o neighbour_a place_n 4._o asafi_n or_o satfy_v not_o far_o from_o tensift_n be_v strong_a and_o have_v a_o good_a trade_n where_o the_o french_a have_v a_o consul_n morocco_n kingdom_n of_o morocco_n the_o kingdom_n of_o morocco_n have_v suffer_v great_a change_n within_o these_o few_o century_n of_o year_n have_v be_v often_o unite_v and_o as_o often_o separate_v from_o that_o of_o fez._n and_o sometime_o likewise_o its_o south_n part_n sus_n and_o gurula_n have_v make_v a_o kingdom_n apart_o it_o be_v principal_a port_n be_v those_o of_o messa_n azafi_n river_n it_o be_v chief_a port_n promontory_n and_o river_n mazagan_n and_o azamor_n its_o promontory_n those_o of_o guer_n ocem_fw-la cantin_n and_o carvos_n its_o river_n the_o sus_n which_o water_v its_o southern_a part_n tensift_v which_o divide_v the_o estate_n in_o 2_o equal_a part_n and_o ommiraby_n which_o separate_v it_o from_o the_o kingdom_n of_o fez._n commodity_n it_o be_v air_n fertility_n and_o commodity_n the_o air_n of_o the_o plain_n and_o field_n of_o morocco_n be_v much_o hot_a than_o in_o europe_n that_o of_o the_o mountain_n according_a to_o their_o height_n be_v more_o or_o less_o cold_a in_o general_a this_o kingdom_n be_v provide_v with_o all_o thing_n necessary_a for_o man_n life_n they_o have_v grain_n and_o pulse_n in_o abundance_n as_o also_o fruit_n which_o be_v excellent_a especial_o their_o grape_n they_o have_v likewise_o flax_n hemp_n honey_n wax_n sugar_n gold_n silver_n iron_n copper_n marble_n cordovant_n amber_n chamlet_n and_o many_o good_a manufacture_n the_o kingdom_n of_o fez_n fez._n kingdom_n of_o fez._n the_o kingdom_n of_o fez_n lie_v between_o that_o of_o morocco_n and_o the_o mediterranean_a and_o between_o the_o ocean_n and_o the_o kingdom_n of_o telensin_n or_o algiers_n its_o province_n be_v temesne_n fez_n and_o azgar_n on_o the_o ocean_n province_n its_o province_n habat_n on_o the_o straight_a errife_n and_o garret_n on_o the_o mediterranean_a sea_n and_o chaus_n all_o up_o in_o the_o land_n temesne_n province_n of_o temesne_n temesne_n extend_v its_o self_n from_o mount_n atlas_n unto_o the_o ocean_n have_v former_o be_v so_o flourish_v that_o it_o number_v 40_o great_a city_n more_o than_o 100_o middle_n size_v and_o 300_o little_a one_o beside_o a_o infinite_a number_n of_o village_n beside_o the_o intestine_a war_n of_o the_o country_n the_o portugal_n have_v divers_a time_n level_v and_o ruin_v the_o fair_a city_n of_o the_o coast_n as_o anfa_fw-la and_o almansor_a in_o 1468._o and_o afterward_o rabatt_n likewise_o suffer_v their_o incursion_n and_o plunder_n rabatt_n and_o its_o fortress_n be_v on_o a_o rise_a ground_n between_o the_o river_n of_o buragrag_n and_o the_o seâ—_n king_n mansor_n cause_v it_o to_o be_v build_v after_o the_o model_n of_o morocco_n but_o much_o less_o and_o make_v it_o one_o of_o the_o most_o considerable_a place_n of_o all_o barbary_n erect_v many_o palace_n temple_n hospital_n college_n baines_n shop_n etc._n etc._n and_o without_o the_o south_n gate_n a_o tower_n as_o high_a as_o that_o of_o morocco_n it_o be_v very_o populous_a and_o of_o a_o good_a trade_n and_o because_o the_o water_n round_o about_o be_v salt_n he_o make_v a_o aquaduct_n as_o beautiful_a as_o those_o about_o rome_n but_o at_o present_a these_o fair_a edifice_n be_v almost_o ruin_v it_o be_v possess_v with_o not_o above_o 500_o family_n and_o much_o soldiery_n because_o of_o the_o neighbourhood_n of_o the_o portugal_n most_o of_o the_o ground_n within_o the_o wall_n be_v turn_v into_o garden_n vineyard_n and_o meadow_n anfa_fw-la on_o the_o coast_n and_o in_o a_o delightful_a plain_n have_v be_v one_o of_o the_o most_o famous_a city_n of_o africa_n for_o its_o trade_n with_o the_o english_a and_o portugal_n but_o its_o be_v addict_v to_o piracy_n be_v the_o cause_n of_o its_o ruin_n as_o of_o that_o of_o almansor_a on_o the_o river_n guir_n within_o the_o land_n muchaila_n on_o the_o guir_n and_o in_o the_o road_n from_o morocco_n to_o rabat_n have_v be_v rich_a well_o build_v with_o a_o great_a territory_n and_o fruitful_a in_o grain_n it_o be_v ruin_v by_o the_o king_n of_o morocco_n and_o be_v not_o know_v at_o present_a but_o for_o the_o tomb_n of_o one_o of_o their_o morabut_n who_o they_o esteem_v a_o saint_n and_o where_o the_o country_n people_n lie_v in_o pledge_v their_o plough_n and_o instrument_n of_o labour_n which_o no_o person_n dare_v touch_v they_o have_v another_o morabut_n near_o thagia_n who_o they_o believe_v to_o work_v miracle_n and_o to_o preserve_v they_o when_o they_o be_v meet_v by_o lion_n a_o place_n much_o frequent_v by_o those_o of_o fez_n as_o be_v the_o sepulchre_n of_o one_o of_o their_o prophet_n to_o which_o they_o go_v in_o exceed_v great_a number_n in_o pilgrimage_n adendum_fw-la towards_o the_o sea_n well_o wall_v and_o fence_v on_o one_o side_n by_o a_o lake_n or_o pool_n tegeget_v above_o the_o ommiraby_n have_v store_n of_o grain_n where_o the_o arab_n have_v a_o toll_n once_o of_o great_a note_n the_o ornament_n of_o this_o province_n and_o of_o the_o whole_a kingdom_n nay_o we_o may_v say_v of_o all_o barbary_n be_v fez_n which_o the_o mahometan_n call_v the_o court_n of_o the_o west_n it_o be_v 100_o thousand_o pace_n from_o the_o ocean_n and_o as_o much_o from_o the_o mediterranean_a it_o be_v form_n be_v a_o long_a square_n of_o which_o the_o middle_n be_v in_o a_o plain_a the_o two_o end_n on_o hill_n and_o without_o several_a suburb_n some_o of_o 500_o some_o 1000_o and_o other_o of_o 2000_o house_n this_o city_n bear_v the_o name_n of_o fez_n from_o the_o abundance_n of_o gold_n which_o be_v find_v in_o the_o dig_v the_o foundation_n thereof_o it_o have_v 12_o principal_a quarter_n or_o region_n 62_o great_a place_n for_o trade_n and_o much_o frequent_v by_o merchant_n of_o divers_a nation_n who_o be_v allow_v a_o public_a meeting_n place_n for_o their_o commerce_n and_o lodging_n for_o their_o residence_n and_o also_o storehouse_n for_o their_o commodity_n this_o place_n may_v rather_o be_v call_v a_o court_n than_o a_o exchange_n it_o be_v enclose_v within_o a_o strong_a wall_n in_o which_o be_v 15_o fair_a street_n for_o several_a nation_n to_o meet_v and_o reside_v for_o the_o better_a negotiate_v of_o their_o affair_n to_o this_o enclosure_n there_o be_v 12_o gate_n which_o every_o night_n be_v shut_v up_o and_o keep_v guard_v at_o the_o city_n charge_n for_o the_o security_n of_o their_o good_n and_o person_n its_o house_n be_v well_o build_v have_v abundance_n of_o temple_n among_o which_o about_o 50_o be_v well_o build_v and_o beautiful_a the_o great_a and_o most_o sumptuous_a of_o all_o be_v seat_v in_o the_o heart_n of_o the_o city_n contain_v about_o a_o mile_n in_o circuit_n have_v 31_o great_a high_a gate_n and_o round_o about_o be_v several_a porch_n contain_v 40_o yard_n in_o length_n and_o 30_o in_o breadth_n under_o which_o be_v the_o public_a storehouse_n of_o the_o city_n the_o tower_n be_v sustain_v by_o 35_o arch_n in_o length_n and_o by_o 20_o in_o breadth_n all_o the_o temple_n have_v 900_o and_o almost_o all_o these_o piece_n enrice_v with_o marble_n it_o be_v revenue_n be_v 200_o duckat_n a_o day_n other_o say_v 400_o which_o be_v either_o 75_o or_o 150_o thousand_o duckat_n yearly_a within_o and_o without_o the_o city_n there_o be_v above_o 200_o hospital_n of_o which_o 25_o be_v for_o the_o sick_a people_n of_o the_o country_n among_o which_o one_o can_v daily_o provide_v for_o 2000_o person_n other_o be_v for_o stranger_n but_o their_o revenue_n be_v much_o squander_v and_o they_o give_v nothing_o but_o the_o bed_n and_o coverlet_n but_o in_o some_o
also_o of_o a_o barren_a soil_n and_o its_o people_n also_o barbarous_a batta_n batta_n but_o indifferent_a well_o skilled_a in_o arm_n and_o that_o be_v force_v to_o it_o rather_o to_o defend_v themselves_o than_o to_o offend_v other_o it_o be_v chief_a place_n be_v batta_n agisymba_n and_o gongou_n pemba_n be_v hold_v to_o be_v the_o rich_a and_o pleasant_a province_n of_o all_o congo_n pemba_fw-la pemba_fw-la be_v very_o fertile_a in_o grain_n fruit_n etc._n etc._n have_v good_a water_n the_o air_n be_v healthful_a the_o inhabitant_n since_o the_o portugal_n sit_v footing_n there_o be_v become_v very_o civil_a imitate_v they_o both_o in_o behaviour_n and_o apparel_n it_o be_v chief_a city_n call_v banza_n that_o be_v the_o court_n and_o which_o the_o portagal_n call_v st._n salvador_n place_n it_o be_v chief_a place_n be_v the_o residence_n of_o the_o king_n seat_v on_o a_o eminence_n which_o discover_v the_o country_n on_o all_o side_n this_o situation_n together_o with_o its_o be_v in_o the_o middle_n of_o the_o estate_n give_v it_o a_o great_a advantage_n some_o esteem_n it_o to_o have_v 10000_o inhabitant_n other_o 100000_o possible_o those_o understand_v 10000_o family_n and_o those_o 100000_o soul_n for_o the_o king_n be_v powerful_a and_o his_o court_n always_o great_a there_o can_v but_o be_v multitude_n the_o isle_n and_o city_n of_o loanda_n on_o the_o coast_n of_o bamba_n be_v not_o long_o since_o in_o the_o hand_n of_o the_o portugal_n now_o the_o east_n india_n company_n of_o the_o unite_a province_n have_v seize_v it_o it_o be_v other_o chief_a place_n be_v simba_n pemba_n on_o the_o river_n danda_fw-la lemba_fw-la and_o tinda_n congo_n the_o chief_a river_n of_o congo_n the_o most_o famous_a river_n of_o this_o kingdom_n be_v the_o zaire_n the_o lelunda_fw-la the_o danda_fw-la and_o the_o coanza_n the_o three_o last_o descend_v from_o the_o lake_n of_o aquilonda_n the_o zaire_n from_o the_o lake_n of_o zaire_n from_o whence_o descend_v likewise_o the_o nile_n the_o zaire_n have_v 400_o league_n course_n be_v very_o rapid_a by_o reason_n of_o the_o many_o cataract_n or_o great_a fall_n which_o it_o have_v from_o the_o mountain_n at_o its_o entrance_n into_o the_o estate_n of_o congo_n it_o enlarge_v itself_o much_o embrace_v quantity_n of_o island_n and_o at_o its_o mouth_n have_v no_o less_o than_o 8_o or_o 10_o league_n breadth_n yet_o press_v its_o water_n 15_o or_o 20_o league_n far_o into_o the_o sea_n and_o that_o with_o so_o great_a a_o violence_n that_o its_o water_n retain_v their_o natural_a sweetness_n without_o be_v corrupt_v or_o intermingle_v with_o the_o salt-water_n of_o the_o sea_n the_o rivers_n danda_fw-la and_o coanza_n be_v navigable_a and_o receive_v great_a ship_n the_o isle_n of_o loandu_n be_v near_o the_o mouth_n of_o the_o last_o it_o be_v observe_v that_o when_o the_o sea_n be_v high_a the_o spring_n of_o running-water_n be_v fresh_a and_o when_o the_o sea_n fall_v they_o become_v salt_n the_o congolans_n be_v natural_o very_o sweet_a and_o easy_a able_a and_o strong_a people_n it_o be_v people_n but_o dull_a and_o idle_a they_o will_v not_o take_v the_o pain_n to_o tame_a beast_n for_o service_n nor_o to_o employ_v their_o fine_a stone_n in_o building_n nor_o make_v their_o bird_n of_o prey_n for_o hawk_v yet_o make_v they_o curious_a clothes_n velvet_n damask_n brocat_n etc._n etc._n they_o have_v no_o harmony_n in_o their_o instrument_n of_o music_n but_o a_o confuse_a mixture_n of_o many_o cord_n or_o string_n and_o many_o voice_n content_v they_o their_o money_n be_v of_o grey_a shell_n take_v on_o the_o coast_n of_o the_o province_n of_o bamba_n and_o these_o shell_n especial_o the_o female_n be_v much_o esteem_v even_o in_o other_o kingdom_n and_o almost_o through_o all_o aethiopia_n their_o grain_n fruit_n water_n fowl_n fertility_n it_o be_v fertility_n sea_n and_o river_n fish_n be_v excellent_a they_o have_v store_n of_o elephant_n mine_n of_o silver_n 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