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by_o its_o subtlety_n for_o as_o the_o wind_n in_o its_o species_n be_v of_o a_o subtle_a vapour_n and_o that_o the_o nature_n of_o subtle_a thing_n be_v to_o ascend_v therefore_o its_o ascent_n be_v make_v by_o the_o subtle_a vapour_n of_o the_o earth_n from_o whence_o it_o be_v drive_v back_o again_o about_o the_o earth_n by_o the_o coldness_n of_o the_o middlemost_a region_n air_n so_o that_o the_o offspring_n and_o motion_n of_o the_o wind_n proceed_v from_o above_o and_o its_o matter_n from_o beneath_o at_o the_o beginning_n the_o wind_n have_v no_o great_a force_n but_o the_o far_o they_o blow_v the_o more_o they_o increase_v in_o strength_n because_o of_o the_o new_a exhalation_n which_o be_v mingle_v with_o they_o as_o it_o happen_v in_o flood_n which_o though_o but_o little_a in_o their_o birth_n yet_o do_v augment_v and_o continual_o increase_v by_o the_o reception_n of_o new_a additional_a water_n when_o two_o contrary_a wind_n meet_v the_o weak_a always_o yield_v unto_o the_o strong_a and_o this_o make_v a_o whirlwind_n which_o cause_v the_o loss_n of_o ship_n when_o they_o chance_v to_o be_v under_o the_o power_n of_o such_o a_o whirlwind_n the_o exhalation_n of_o which_o the_o wind_n be_v make_v do_v not_o on_o the_o sudden_a yield_v to_o the_o cloud_n which_o they_o meet_v with_o in_o the_o air_n but_o strive_v to_o overcome_v they_o and_o so_o to_o force_v their_o passage_n for_o their_o ascent_n and_o so_o it_o happen_v that_o ere_o they_o blow_v here_o beneath_o we_o see_v the_o cloud_n above_o move_n by_o the_o agitation_n of_o the_o wind_n and_o because_o the_o wind_n be_v compose_v of_o different_a matter_n and_o quality_n to_o those_o which_o form_n the_o rain_n they_o can_v last_v long_o together_o but_o always_o struggle_v and_o strive_v until_o they_o have_v overcome_v each_o other_o and_o rain_v most_o common_o get_v the_o better_a unless_o the_o wind_n be_v provide_v with_o a_o great_a quantity_n of_o matter_n and_o substance_n nor_o 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something_o more_o even_o beyond_o the_o great_a sea_n and_o it_o grieve_v he_o to_o hear_v that_o he_o be_v at_o the_o world_n end_n but_o as_o for_o the_o incomprehensible_a bounty_n of_o god_n who_o have_v dispose_v of_o the_o wind_n into_o so_o many_o part_n for_o the_o preservation_n of_o the_o earth_n and_o air_n in_o a_o sweet_a temperance_n for_o the_o bring_n in_o of_o rain_n and_o afterward_o the_o drive_v of_o they_o back_o both_o for_o the_o nourish_a of_o fruit_n seed_n and_o all_o fruit_n tree_n which_o by_o the_o agitation_n of_o the_o wind_n and_o other_o cause_n be_v ripen_v give_v likewise_o nourishment_n to_o the_o corn_n which_o it_o ripen_v and_o preserve_v from_o dry_v and_o wither_v useful_a likewise_o to_o man_n towards_o the_o discovery_n of_o foreign_a part_n and_o remote_a country_n unto_o which_o unless_o a_o man_n shall_v travel_v he_o shall_v be_v far_o more_o ignorant_a than_o many_o bruit_n beast_n want_v the_o experience_n of_o divers_a thing_n which_o conduce_v towards_o the_o better_n of_o his_o understanding_n etc._n etc._n the_o end_n of_o the_o first_o lecture_n concern_v navigation_n
thus_o the_o heat_n happen_v to_o overcome_v which_o be_v the_o necessary_a operation_n towards_o the_o beget_n of_o the_o saltish_a water_n it_o be_v also_o more_o convenient_a for_o navigation_n that_o the_o water_n be_v saltish_a then_o fresh_a for_o the_o saltish_a water_n be_v heavy_a than_o the_o fresh_a that_o it_o be_v so_o be_v prove_v by_o many_o experience_n as_o for_o example_n this_o one_o take_v fresh_a water_n and_o mingle_v it_o with_o a_o good_a quantity_n of_o salt_n so_o that_o the_o salt_n may_v melt_v and_o be_v dissolve_v into_o water_n then_o take_v a_o fresh_a egg_n and_o put_v it_o on_o the_o mix_a water_n the_o thickness_n of_o the_o water_n which_o proceed_v from_o the_o mixture_n of_o the_o salt_n will_v bearup_v the_o egg_n by_o its_o thickness_n &_o will_v cause_v it_o to_o swim_v over_o it_o the_o which_o in_o fresh_a water_n will_v descend_v to_o the_o bottom_n by_o this_o same_o experience_n it_o may_v likewise_o be_v demonstrate_v that_o a_o vessel_n will_v sink_v soon_o in_o fresh_a water_n then_o in_o salt_n water_n for_o the_o fresh_a water_n divide_v itself_o both_o soon_o and_o close_v with_o great_a ease_n than_o the_o salt_n water_n do_v so_o as_o by_o the_o drive_v of_o the_o egg_n on_o the_o salt_n water_n the_o argument_n may_v be_v likewise_o strengthen_v that_o the_o saltishnesse_n in_o the_o sea_n water_n be_v not_o divide_v but_o that_o the_o whole_a sea_n throughout_o its_o water_n be_v as_o well_o salt_n at_o the_o bottom_n and_o in_o the_o midst_n as_o on_o the_o superficies_n and_o therefore_o the_o opinion_n of_o some_o philosopher_n that_o the_o sea_n water_n shall_v be_v fresh_a at_o the_o bottom_n be_v frivolous_a be_v that_o the_o sea-fish_n be_v no_o more_o salt_n than_o those_o of_o fresh_a water_n rivers_n and_o that_o the_o reason_n thereof_o shall_v be_v that_o the_o fish_n make_v their_o litter_n and_o feed_v in_o the_o bottom_n which_o be_v but_o a_o slight_a argument_n it_o will_v be_v necessary_a to_o say_v only_o this_o thereon_o that_o though_o the_o body_n of_o the_o sea_n move_v in_o a_o entire_a mass_n by_o its_o ebb_a and_o flow_v yet_o since_o its_o a_o liquid_a body_n it_o can_v choose_v be_v so_o much_o agitate_a by_o the_o wind_n but_o be_v general_o salt_n and_o the_o which_o can_v be_v contradict_v by_o so_o weak_a a_o conceit_n as_o that_o the_o sea-fish_n be_v not_o salt_n because_o they_o feed_v at_o the_o bottom_n of_o it_o god_n have_v give_v unto_o the_o element_n their_o due_a propriety_n as_o well_o as_o unto_o all_o the_o creature_n and_o likewise_o to_o all_o the_o production_n both_o of_o the_o earth_n and_o sea_n and_o there_o be_v no_o more_o contradiction_n of_o a_o possibility_n in_o fish_n that_o live_v in_o salt_n water_n to_o have_v a_o fresh_a taste_n then_o that_o the_o moisture_n which_o proceed_v from_o the_o muscadine_n spanish_a grape_n shall_v be_v draw_v from_o the_o same_o soil_n whereon_o the_o bitter_a almond_n olive_n and_o the_o balmish_a nut_n oil_n do_v grow_v who_o several_a production_n be_v according_a to_o that_o property_n which_o god_n have_v be_v please_v to_o bestow_v on_o they_o the_o earth_n itself_o be_v salt_n which_o the_o scripture_n note_n for_o if_o the_o earth_n lose_v its_o salt_n wherewith_o shall_v it_o be_v season_v and_o yet_o the_o same_o earth_n produce_v sugar_n though_o a_o salt_n to_o preserve_v fruit_n and_o contrary_a to_o the_o salt_n of_o the_o sea_n etc._n etc._n and_o likewise_o several_a other_o thing_n out_o of_o which_o though_o salt_n may_v be_v draw_v yet_o they_o have_v not_o the_o faltish_a taste_n etc._n etc._n of_o the_o different_a motion_n which_o be_v in_o the_o ocean_n great_a part_n of_o the_o water_n be_v engender_v in_o the_o north_n and_o run_v from_o the_o north_n towards_o the_o south_n as_o aforesaid_a which_o be_v one_o of_o the_o sea_n motion_n when_o the_o tide_n increase_v we_o see_v the_o sea_n mount_v at_o one_o side_n and_o when_o it_o decrease_v its_o motion_n be_v quite_o contrary_a and_o it_o begin_v first_o to_o decrease_v where_o it_o have_v the_o first_o increase_n and_o thus_o it_o appear_v that_o the_o sea_n have_v contrary_a motion_n and_z different_z the_o one_o from_o the_o other_o seneca_n say_v that_o there_o be_v no_o other_o cause_n of_o the_o current_n of_o water_n from_o one_o place_n to_o another_o than_o the_o height_n and_o lowness_n of_o place_n that_o only_a motion_n except_v by_o the_o which_o the_o sea_n increase_v and_o decrease_v for_o as_o aforesaid_a it_o follow_v the_o course_n of_o the_o moon_n for_o the_o water_n of_o the_o sea_n increase_v and_o decrease_v in_o all_o the_o part_n of_o the_o world_n that_o be_v to_o say_v in_o the_o east_n west_n north_n and_o south_n therefore_o the_o sea_n have_v no_o proper_a place_n from_o whence_o it_o begin_v its_o increase_n or_o decrease_v but_o move_v accidental_o from_o one_o part_n to_o the_o other_o unless_o it_o be_v downward_o towards_o the_o bottom_n for_o that_o such_o a_o motion_n do_v not_o happen_v accidental_o but_o by_o the_o proper_a essence_n agree_v to_o its_o form_n how_o it_o chance_v that_o the_o sea_n do_v neither_o overflow_n augment_v nor_o enlarge_v itself_o the_o cause_n why_o the_o sea_n do_v not_o overflow_n augment_v nor_o enlarge_v itself_o though_o so_o much_o water_n be_v engender_v in_o it_o and_o that_o it_o do_v continual_o receive_v so_o many_o river_n and_o fountain_n into_o it_o be_v that_o the_o sea_n be_v the_o natural_a receptacle_n of_o all_o the_o water_n and_o their_o proper_a retire_n and_o rest_v place_n and_o therefore_o it_o do_v not_o overflow_v nor_o enlarge_v itself_o for_o that_o no_o place_n can_v drive_v back_o nor_o hinder_v the_o entrance_n of_o that_o thing_n which_o by_o nature_n ought_v to_o be_v in_o she_o since_o natural_o the_o place_n ought_v to_o conform_v itself_o unto_o that_o which_o it_o enclose_v like_v as_o the_o sea_n which_o be_v capable_a to_o receive_v into_o she_o all_o the_o river_n and_o nevertheless_o for_o their_o entrance_n do_v not_o overflow_n nor_o augment_v also_o the_o sea_n do_v not_o overflow_v because_o it_o be_v of_o such_o a_o vast_a extent_n that_o the_o river_n be_v as_o nothing_o in_o consideration_n to_o it_o the_o three_o reason_n be_v because_o that_o the_o heat_n of_o the_o sun_n and_o the_o breath_n of_o the_o wind_n consume_v such_o a_o quantity_n of_o water_n that_o though_o the_o sea_n continual_o engender_v and_o that_o the_o river_n incessant_o run_v into_o it_o yea_o god_n have_v ordain_v that_o it_o shall_v not_o lessen_v nor_o augment_v as_o it_o be_v write_v in_o job_n lord_n thou_o have_v set_v a_o limit_n the_o which_o it_o shall_v not_o pass_v the_o holy_a writ_n say_v in_o genesis_n that_o the_o water_n of_o the_o deluge_n do_v rise_v fifteen_o cubit_n over_o the_o high_a hill_n under_o the_o heaven_n insomuch_o that_o all_o the_o earth_n be_v cover_v with_o water_n but_o though_o this_o increase_n of_o water_n be_v so_o great_a yet_o nevertheless_o the_o sea_n do_v not_o overflow_v the_o earth_n by_o transgress_v its_o limit_n or_o bound_n the_o increase_n of_o those_o water_n proceed_v from_o two_o cause_n the_o one_o be_v that_o the_o window_n of_o heaven_n be_v open_v as_o the_o text_n say_v and_o it_o rain_v on_o the_o earth_n forty_o day_n and_o forty_o night_n exceed_o the_o other_o be_v that_o the_o fountain_n river_n and_o current_n do_v overflow_n insomuch_o that_o the_o earth_n be_v by_o they_o cover_v as_o aforesaid_a and_o every_o live_a substance_n be_v destroy_v which_o be_v upon_o the_o face_n of_o the_o ground_n except_o noah_n who_o only_o remain_v alive_a and_o they_o that_o be_v with_o he_o in_o the_o ark_n and_o afterward_o the_o same_o text_n say_v that_o god_n cause_v a_o wind_n to_o pass_v over_o the_o earth_n which_o abate_v the_o water_n the_o rain_n from_o heaven_n be_v also_o restrain_v and_o the_o earth_n return_v to_o its_o first_o be_v of_o the_o antiquity_n of_o navigation_n god_n the_o creator_n of_o the_o universal_a world_n do_v ordain_v the_o make_n of_o the_o first_o vessel_n as_o it_o be_v write_v in_o the_o six_o chapter_n of_o genesis_n that_o god_n command_v noah_n to_o make_v a_o ark_n of_o gopher_n wood_n and_o to_o pitch_v it_o within_o and_o without_o with_o pitch_n the_o length_n of_o the_o ark_n be_v of_o three_o hundred_o cubit_n the_o breadth_n of_o it_o fifty_o cubit_n and_o the_o height_n of_o it_o thirty_o cubit_n the_o lydian_n be_v the_o first_o inventor_n of_o ship_n but_o their_o skill_n only_o extend_v itself_o to_o join_v one_o beam_n to_o another_o well_o nail_v and_o well_o caulk_v with_o which_o they_o venture_v to_o sea_n afterward_o epaminondas_n do_v set_v forth_o vessel_n in_o a_o great_a
the_o first_o lecture_n touch_v navigation_n read_v public_o at_o sr._n balthasar_n gerbiers_n academy_n psalm_n 107._o ver_fw-la 23.24_o qui_fw-la descendunt_fw-la mare_fw-la in_o navibus_fw-la facientes_fw-la operationem_fw-la in_o aquis_fw-la multis_fw-la ipsi_fw-la viderunt_fw-la opera_fw-la domini_fw-la &_o mirabilia_fw-la ejus_fw-la in_o profundo_fw-la imprimatur_fw-la hen_n scobell_n cleric_n parliamenti_fw-la print_a at_o london_n for_o robert_n ibbitson_n dwell_v in_o smithfield_n near_o hosier_n lane_n 1649._o heureux_n qvien_n diev_n see_v confie_v to_o the_o right_n honourable_a sir_n henry_n vane_n junior_a one_o of_o the_o member_n of_o the_o most_o honourable_a assembly_n of_o parliament_n council_n of_o state_n and_o treasurer_n of_o the_o navy_n right_o honourable_a as_o i_o have_v present_v both_o to_o the_o right_n honourable_a speaker_n lenthall_n and_o to_o the_o lord_n precedent_n of_o the_o council_n of_o state_n the_o print_a lecture_n which_o have_v be_v read_v gratis_o on_o cosmography_n in_o the_o academy_n which_o i_o have_v endeavour_v to_o erect_v for_o the_o glory_n of_o god_n the_o honour_n of_o this_o nation_n the_o general_a encouragement_n and_o improvement_n of_o all_o lover_n of_o virtue_n in_o the_o same_o way_n of_o humble_a respect_n and_o duty_n i_o do_v also_o offer_v to_o your_o hand_n this_o lecture_n touch_v navigation_n as_o most_o fit_a and_o pertinent_a for_o that_o your_o hand_n and_o care_n be_v fix_v on_o this_o grand_a vessel_n england_n as_o your_o right_a pious_a religious_a mind_n be_v on_o he_o who_o wonder_n you_o have_v most_o full_o see_v in_o the_o deep_a may_v those_o great_a and_o indefatigable_a endeavour_n be_v so_o prosperous_a and_o so_o blessed_v by_o that_o great_a pilot_n guider_n and_o preservator_n of_o all_o thing_n as_o that_o the_o government_n wherein_o so_o many_o legion_n be_v comprehend_v may_v be_v so_o well_o guide_v even_o in_o the_o great_a storm_n from_o perish_v and_o live_v to_o praise_v his_o great_a and_o glorious_a name_n which_o will_v ever_o be_v the_o prayer_n of_o he_o that_o by_o all_o acceptable_a service_n will_v endeavour_n to_o approve_v himself_o right_o honourable_a your_o most_o humble_a and_o obedient_a servant_n balthazar_z gerbier_n white_a friar_n this_o 28_o of_o novemb_n 1649._o the_o first_o lecture_n touch_v navigation_n read_v public_o at_o sir_n balthasar_n gerbiers_n academy_n the_o introduction_n like_a as_o the_o deep_a do_v at_o all_o time_n declare_v the_o marvellous_a wonder_n of_o that_o great_a author_n guider_n and_o preserver_n of_o all_o thing_n so_o it_o must_v needs_o be_v a_o marvellous_a occupation_n neither_o can_v it_o be_v but_o most_o glorious_a to_o the_o mind_n of_o any_o creature_n to_o exercise_v itself_o on_o that_o subject_n whereon_o the_o spirit_n of_o god_n be_v please_v to_o move_v before_o all_o thing_n be_v certain_o navigation_n whereof_o we_o shall_v now_o treat_v can_v but_o afford_v a_o glorious_a delight_n to_o the_o mind_n of_o lover_n of_o knowledge_n as_o the_o sea_n afford_v a_o world_n of_o wealth_n unto_o those_o that_o make_v navigation_n their_o profession_n be_v it_o not_o as_o rare_a as_o wonderful_a that_o with_o a_o instrument_n so_o little_a as_o a_o astralabo_n be_v and_o that_o with_o a_o sea_n compass_n by_o the_o first_o you_o may_v measure_v the_o circle_n of_o the_o heaven_n the_o height_n and_o distance_n of_o the_o sun_n and_o star_n by_o the_o second_o which_o have_v neither_o mouth_n tongue_n leg_n nor_o hand_n man_n be_v direct_v guide_v and_o show_v where_o the_o east_n west_n north_n and_o south_n be_v not_o only_o in_o the_o steddie_v case_n a_o vessel_n can_v be_v but_o when_o the_o move_v wave_n toss_v the_o same_o as_o it_o be_v towards_o the_o cloud_n and_o thence_o let_v it_o reel_v as_o into_o a_o abyss_n be_v no_o wonder_n then_o that_o solomon_n the_o wise_a of_o all_o man_n say_v that_o the_o hard_a thing_n to_o be_v find_v be_v the_o way_n a_o ship_n make_v through_o the_o sea_n and_o be_v not_o the_o wonder_n so_o much_o the_o great_a that_o it_o find_v its_o straight_a course_n through_o that_o vast_a perpetual_a move_a and_z removing_z body_n so_o exact_o when_o the_o firmament_n appear_v as_o black_a as_o ink_n and_o all_o the_o light_n of_o heaven_n be_v cover_v with_o the_o darkness_n of_o the_o night_n like_v as_o with_o a_o extinguisher_n as_o well_o as_o in_o the_o clear_a day_n be_v it_o not_o a_o wonder_n above_o all_o wonder_n that_o after_o so_o many_o month_n navigation_n and_o that_o after_o such_o variety_n change_n of_o wind_n intermixture_n of_o storm_n the_o violence_n of_o tide_n so_o constant_o changeable_a that_o a_o vessel_n arrive_v to_o the_o mouth_n of_o a_o harbour_n as_o straight_o as_o if_o it_o be_v a_o ferry_n boat_n draw_v by_o a_o cord_n fasten_v from_o one_o shore_n to_o the_o other_o with_o the_o royal_a prophet_n david_n let_v all_o man_n say_v qui_fw-la descendunt_fw-la mare_fw-la 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