reason_n that_o i_o can_v be_v induce_v to_o believe_v mr._n whistons_n hypothesis_n that_o the_o earth_n have_v no_o diurnal_a rotation_n before_o the_o fall_n to_o be_v probable_a it_o seem_v to_o be_v far_o more_o agreeable_a to_o the_o law_n of_o nature_n and_o philosophy_n that_o the_o earth_n receive_v both_o its_o annual_a and_o diurnal_a motion_n at_o the_o same_o time_n viz._n when_o it_o be_v first_o create_v these_o be_v the_o chief_a and_o principle_n remark_n that_o i_o have_v make_v on_o the_o original_a state_n and_o formation_n of_o the_o earth_n i_o will_v now_o brief_o consider_v his_o theory_n of_o the_o deluge_n which_o be_v in_o short_a thus_o he_o suppose_v that_o a_o comet_n at_o the_o time_n of_o the_o deluge_n come_v very_o near_o and_o pass_v by_o the_o earth_n that_o the_o comet_n when_o it_o come_v below_o the_o moon_n will_v raise_v a_o vast_a and_o strong_a tide_n both_o in_o the_o sea_n that_o be_v then_o on_o the_o surface_n and_o in_o the_o abyss_n which_o be_v under_o the_o upper_a crust_n of_o the_o earth_n after_o the_o same_o manner_n as_o the_o moon_n do_v at_o present_a in_o the_o ocean_n that_o this_o tide_n will_v begin_v to_o rise_v and_o increase_v all_o the_o time_n of_o the_o approach_n of_o the_o comet_n &_o will_v be_v at_o its_o great_a height_n when_o the_o comet_n be_v at_o its_o least_o distance_n from_o the_o earth_n by_o this_o tide_n and_o the_o attraction_n of_o the_o comet_n he_o suppose_v that_o the_o abyss_n will_v put_v on_o a_o elliptic_a or_o rather_o a_o exact_o oval_a figure_n who_o surface_n be_v much_o large_a than_o the_o former_a spherical_a one_o the_o exterior_a crust_n of_o earth_n which_o lie_v upon_o it_o must_v conform_v itself_o to_o the_o same_o figure_n which_o it_o can_v not_o do_v as_o long_o as_o it_o remain_v solid_a and_o conjoin_v and_o therefore_o it_o must_v of_o necessity_n by_o the_o violent_a force_n of_o the_o tide_n be_v stretch_v and_o break_v and_o have_v innumerable_a fissure_v make_v quite_o through_o it_o after_o this_o he_o suppose_v that_o the_o comet_n in_o its_o descent_n towards_o the_o sun_n pass_v close_o by_o the_o body_n of_o the_o earth_n involve_v it_o in_o its_o atmosphere_n and_o tail_n for_o a_o considerable_a time_n and_o leave_v prodigious_a quantity_n of_o condense_a and_o expanded_a vapour_n on_o its_o surface_n a_o great_a part_n of_o which_o be_v very_o much_o rarify_v after_o their_o primary_n fall_v will_v be_v immediate_o draw_v up_o into_o the_o air_n again_o and_o afterward_o descend_v in_o violent_a and_o outrageous_a rain_n upon_o the_o earth_n and_o will_v be_v the_o cause_n of_o the_o forty_o day_n rain_n mention_v in_o scripture_n the_o other_o great_a rain_n which_o together_o with_o the_o former_a last_v a_o hundred_o and_o fifty_o day_n be_v occasion_v as_o he_o think_v by_o the_o earth_n be_v involve_v a_o second_o time_n in_o the_o comet_n tail_n from_o which_o and_o from_o its_o atmosphere_n he_o derive_v one_o half_a of_o the_o water_n which_o serve_v for_o the_o deluge_n the_o other_o half_o he_o suppose_v be_v deduce_v from_o the_o subterraneous_a abyss_n the_o fluid_a whereof_o he_o say_v be_v force_v upon_o the_o surface_n of_o the_o earth_n by_o the_o vast_a and_o prodigious_a pressure_n of_o the_o incumbent_a water_n that_o be_v derive_v from_o the_o comet_n atmosphere_n and_o tail_n which_o he_o suppose_v will_v press_v downward_o with_o a_o mighty_a force_n and_o endeavour_v to_o sink_v the_o outward_a crust_n of_o the_o earth_n into_o the_o abyss_n by_o which_o vast_a quantity_n of_o the_o subterraneous_a fluid_n will_v be_v force_v and_o raise_v upon_o the_o surface_n of_o the_o earth_n through_o the_o crack_n and_o fissure_v that_o be_v make_v in_o the_o crust_n by_o the_o violence_n of_o the_o tide_n in_o the_o abyss_n by_o these_o method_n mr._n whiston_n suppose_v that_o there_o be_v water_n enough_o bring_v on_o the_o surface_n to_o cover_v the_o face_n of_o the_o whole_a earth_n for_o the_o perpendicular_a height_n of_o three_o mile_n that_o be_v above_o the_o top_n of_o the_o high_a mountain_n but_o he_o further_o suppose_v that_o neither_o that_o water_n which_o be_v derive_v from_o the_o comet_n nor_o that_o which_o be_v force_v up_o from_o the_o bowel_n of_o the_o earth_n be_v pure_a elementary_a water_n but_o rather_o a_o thick_a and_o muddy_a fluid_n which_o he_o say_v be_v heavy_a than_o water_n sink_v to_o the_o bottom_n and_o cover_v the_o earth_n for_o the_o depth_n of_o 166_o foot_n after_o have_v thus_o form_v the_o deluge_n his_o next_o great_a work_n be_v to_o remove_v these_o water_n which_o be_v bring_v on_o the_o earth_n and_o this_o he_o suppose_v to_o be_v perform_v by_o a_o wind_n which_o dry_v up_o some_o and_o force_v the_o rest_n through_o the_o crack_n and_o fissure_v of_o the_o earth_n into_o the_o abyss_n in_o which_o a_o great_a part_n of_o they_o have_v be_v before_o and_o from_o whence_o they_o be_v derive_v these_o be_v the_o supposition_n by_o which_o mr._n whiston_n pretend_v to_o account_v for_o all_o the_o phaenomena_n of_o the_o deluge_n but_o though_o i_o can_v easy_o allow_v the_o first_o hypothesis_n to_o be_v true_a viz._n that_o a_o comet_n at_o the_o time_n of_o the_o deluge_n come_v very_o near_o and_o pass_v by_o the_o earth_n since_o its_o approach_n at_o that_o time_n be_v not_o only_o make_v possible_a but_o also_o very_o probable_a by_o he_o yet_o i_o can_v admit_v of_o the_o particular_a explication_n he_o have_v give_v of_o several_a of_o the_o phaenomena_n of_o the_o deluge_n a_o great_a many_o of_o they_o as_o he_o have_v explain_v they_o seem_v to_o be_v no_o way_n agreeable_a to_o the_o law_n of_o mechanic_n and_o philosophy_n for_o first_o though_o it_o be_v certain_a that_o a_o comet_n when_o it_o pass_v by_o the_o earth_n will_v raise_v a_o very_a strong_a and_o prodigious_a tide_n in_o the_o sea_n that_o be_v then_o on_o the_o surface_n yet_o i_o can_v perceive_v that_o such_o a_o effect_n will_v be_v produce_v in_o the_o abyss_n which_o he_o suppose_v to_o be_v a_o dense_n and_o heavy_a fluid_n encompass_v on_o all_o side_n with_o a_o thick_a and_o solid_a crust_n of_o earth_n lie_v close_o upon_o it_o for_o tide_n be_v only_o a_o violent_a swell_a and_o motion_n of_o the_o water_n produce_v by_o the_o attraction_n of_o some_o great_a body_n that_o come_v near_o they_o if_o we_o shall_v suppose_v that_o the_o water_n be_v every_o where_o shut_v up_o within_o a_o solid_a orb_n lie_v on_o they_o so_o that_o there_o be_v no_o room_n or_o space_n leave_v for_o they_o to_o move_v in_o it_o be_v plain_a that_o in_o such_o a_o case_n there_o can_v be_v no_o tide_n or_o agitation_n of_o the_o water_n but_o they_o will_v remain_v in_o the_o state_n they_o be_v in_o before_o nor_o can_v they_o press_v strong_a on_o that_o orb_n which_o enclose_v they_o than_o sand_n gravel_n or_o any_o other_o firm_a and_o hard_a body_n will_v do_v that_o can_v fill_v their_o place_n all_o body_n whether_o firm_a or_o fluid_a be_v equal_o attract_v when_o the_o attract_v body_n be_v at_o the_o same_o distance_n from_o they_o this_o be_v then_o the_o true_a case_n of_o the_o abyss_n which_o mr._n whiston_n suppose_v to_o be_v enclose_v by_o the_o thick_a solid_a and_o upper_a crust_n of_o the_o earth_n which_o press_v so_o close_o upon_o it_o as_o to_o leave_v no_o void_a space_n at_o least_o not_o such_o a_o one_o as_o will_v make_v room_n enough_o for_o any_o considerable_a commotion_n of_o the_o water_n and_o because_o fluid_n be_v not_o more_o attract_v than_o solid_n be_v it_o be_v plain_a that_o by_o the_o tide_n of_o the_o abyss_n and_o the_o attraction_n of_o the_o comet_n there_o can_v never_o be_v produce_v any_o great_a effect_n on_o the_o crust_n which_o encompass_v the_o subterraneous_a fluid_n than_o if_o the_o whole_a earth_n have_v consist_v of_o firm_a and_o solid_a matter_n without_o any_o abyss_n it_o be_v certain_a therefore_o that_o since_o there_o be_v no_o tide_n in_o the_o abyss_n there_o can_v be_v no_o crack_n and_o fissure_v make_v in_o the_o earth_n by_o it_o to_o explain_v the_o great_a rain_n which_o fall_v on_o the_o earth_n during_o the_o time_n of_o the_o deluge_n mr._n whiston_n assume_v a_o proposition_n which_o i_o believe_v he_o can_v hardly_o prove_v viz._n that_o after_o the_o earth_n be_v involve_v in_o the_o comet_n be_v atmosphere_n and_o tail_n and_o have_v acquire_v a_o prodigious_a quantity_n of_o condense_a and_o expanded_a vapour_n that_o fall_v on_o its_o surface_n a_o great_a part_n of_o they_o be_v much_o rarify_v will_v be_v draw_v up_o again_o into_o the_o air_n and_o afterward_o descend_v in_o violent_a and_o outrageous_a rain_n now_o if_o we_o consider_v
and_o consequent_o the_o one_o will_v descend_v when_o the_o other_o can_v as_o for_o example_n suppose_v a_o sphere_n of_o a_o inch_n diameter_n be_v put_v into_o a_o oily_a fluid_n who_o resistance_n be_v just_o equal_a to_o the_o force_n of_o gravity_n in_o the_o descend_a body_n there_o be_v a_o aequilibrium_fw-la the_o former_a will_v swim_v in_o the_o latter_a now_o if_o another_o sphere_n of_o two_o inch_n diameter_n and_o of_o the_o same_o intensive_a gravity_n be_v put_v in_o the_o same_o fluid_a in_o gravity_n or_o force_n by_o which_o it_o will_v separate_v the_o particle_n of_o the_o fluid_a will_v be_v eight_o time_n great_a than_o the_o descend_a force_n of_o the_o former_a sphere_n and_o if_o in_o resistance_n be_v also_o eight_o time_n great_a it_o be_v plain_a that_o it_o also_o can_v not_o descend_v but_o the_o resistance_n be_v always_o as_o i_o note_v before_o as_o the_o surface_n of_o the_o descend_a body_n be_v only_o in_o the_o present_a case_n four_o time_n great_a which_o will_v not_o equal_v the_o force_n of_o its_o gravity_n and_o therefore_o the_o sphere_n must_v descend_v so_o in_o our_o present_a case_n though_o some_o small_a grain_n of_o dust_n or_o earth_n may_v swim_v upon_o the_o surface_n of_o oil_n yet_o these_o when_o increase_v by_o the_o addition_n of_o a_o great_a many_o other_o which_o fall_v upon_o they_o augment_v their_o weight_n the_o same_o resistance_n continue_v and_o must_v fall_v to_o the_o bottom_n beside_o this_o the_o earthy_a particle_n fall_v from_o a_o great_a height_n some_o of_o they_o descend_v from_o place_n as_o high_a as_o the_o moon_n as_o the_o theorist_n will_v have_v they_o must_v needs_o in_o their_o descent_n â—â—â—â—ire_v a_o very_a considerable_a degree_n of_o velocity_n with_o which_o fall_v upon_o the_o surface_n of_o the_o oily_a orb_n they_o will_v not_o only_o by_o that_o force_n descend_v themselves_o but_o also_o carry_v down_o with_o they_o and_o condense_a whatsoever_o body_n they_o meet_v in_o their_o way_n or_o find_v swim_v upon_o the_o surface_n of_o the_o oil_n now_o that_o the_o force_n of_o a_o descend_a body_n be_v so_o great_a as_o to_o perform_v this_o effect_n i_o think_v be_v clear_a to_o any_o who_o consider_v that_o a_o heavy_a body_n run_v down_o fifteen_o foot_n in_o a_o second_o and_o that_o the_o space_n through_o which_o it_o do_v move_v be_v always_o in_o duplicate_v proportion_n to_o its_o time_n as_o be_v demonstrate_v by_o galileo_n and_o confirm_v by_o the_o experiment_n of_o riscioli_n from_o whence_o by_o calculation_n it_o will_v follow_v that_o a_o body_n will_v run_v down_o four_o thousand_o mile_n in_o the_o space_n of_o twenty_o three_o second_n abstract_v from_o the_o resistance_n of_o the_o air_n but_o if_o we_o will_v suppose_v but_o the_o hundred_o part_n of_o this_o space_n run_v through_o in_o that_o time_n allow_v all_o the_o rest_n for_o the_o resistance_n of_o the_o medium_fw-la yet_o even_o in_o that_o case_n the_o velocity_n will_v far_o exceed_v that_o of_o the_o swift_a bullet_n that_o can_v be_v shoot_v out_o of_o a_o cannon_n thus_o i_o think_v i_o have_v make_v it_o evident_a that_o the_o particle_n of_o earth_n after_o fall_v through_o the_o air_n can_v not_o rest_v upon_o the_o surface_n of_o the_o oily_a orb_n to_o form_v there_o a_o harden_a habitable_a 〈◊〉_d not_o only_o upon_o the_o account_n of_o their_o great_a gravity_n which_o the_o theorist_n acknowledge_v and_o be_v also_o plain_a by_o experience_n common_a earth_n be_v near_o twice_o as_o heavy_a as_o water_n but_o also_o upon_o the_o account_n of_o the_o great_a force_n by_o which_o they_o must_v of_o necessity_n fall_v upon_o the_o liquid_a orb_n which_o will_v carry_v they_o down_o towards_o the_o centre_n i_o hope_v now_o it_o will_v appear_v to_o any_o think_v man_n plain_o impossible_a that_o either_o oil_n or_o water_n shall_v sustain_v such_o a_o immense_a heavy_a orb_n in_o which_o be_v not_o only_o the_o soft_a earth_n which_o in_o few_o place_n in_o ten_o foot_n deep_a but_o also_o a_o prodigious_a quantity_n of_o stone_n and_o mineral_n much_o heavy_a than_o water_n for_o it_o be_v certain_a that_o these_o great_a heavy_a body_n must_v have_v sink_v to_o the_o bottom_n if_o they_o be_v leave_v to_o themselves_o and_o yet_o these_o body_n make_v up_o the_o great_a part_n of_o our_o outward_a earth_n i_o know_v the_o theorist_n do_v bold_o affirm_v that_o there_o be_v neither_o metal_n nor_o mineral_n in_o the_o primitive_a earth_n but_o this_o be_v both_o contrary_a to_o reason_n and_o scripture_n for_o the_o holy_a scripture_n tell_v we_o that_o tuhal_v cain_n before_o the_o flood_n be_v a_o instructor_n of_o every_o artificer_n in_o brass_n and_o iron_n and_o i_o will_v fain_o know_v how_o there_o can_v be_v such_o artificer_n before_o the_o flood_n when_o according_a to_o he_o there_o be_v no_o such_o thing_n to_o be_v see_v as_o metal_n beside_o it_o be_v hardly_o possible_a to_o build_v a_o ark_n that_o shall_v contain_v all_o the_o terrestrial_a and_o aerial_a animal_n without_o iron_n the_o american_n without_o any_o iron_n make_v themselves_o small_a cannoe_n of_o one_o solid_a piece_n of_o timber_n which_o they_o hollow_v by_o burn_v but_o it_o will_v be_v a_o strange_a tree_n that_o be_v of_o the_o dimension_n of_o the_o ark_n and_o can_v contain_v so_o many_o animal_n as_o it_o do_v these_o thing_n do_v in_o my_o judgement_n plain_o show_v that_o the_o theorist_n opinion_n in_o this_o point_n be_v utter_o false_a from_o what_o i_o have_v already_o say_v i_o think_v it_o may_v be_v clear_o demonstrate_v that_o the_o fabric_n of_o the_o 〈◊〉_d can_v never_o be_v deduce_v from_o a_o chaos_n by_o the_o sole_a help_n of_o mechanical_a principle_n and_o natural_a cause_n for_o it_o be_v evident_a to_o any_o one_o who_o have_v eye_n though_o there_o have_v be_v some_o wise_a philosopher_n of_o another_o opinion_n that_o the_o land_n be_v high_a than_o the_o water_n and_o it_o be_v also_o plain_o experience_v that_o common_a arable_a earth_n or_o clay_n be_v much_o heavy_a than_o water_n and_o if_o we_o descend_v into_o the_o mine_n or_o pit_n we_o shall_v find_v the_o matter_n there_o to_o be_v three_o or_o four_o time_n heavy_a than_o the_o earth_n above_o now_o it_o be_v plain_a from_o what_o i_o have_v already_o prove_v that_o in_o a_o chaos_n the_o true_a change_n that_o will_v follow_v from_o mechanical_a principle_n and_o natural_a cause_n be_v that_o if_o all_o be_v fluid_a the_o heavy_a &_o solid_a body_n will_v subside_v and_o fall_v to_o the_o centre_n every_o one_o take_v place_n according_a to_o the_o specific_a gravity_n so_o that_o the_o light_a body_n will_v always_o be_v force_v uppermost_o the_o earth_n therefore_o be_v heavy_a than_o the_o water_n must_v of_o necessary_a place_n itself_o nigh_o the_o centre_n and_o leave_v the_o water_n to_o cover_v the_o face_n of_o the_o whole_a orb._n thus_o the_o surface_n of_o the_o world_n can_v never_o be_v inhabit_v by_o any_o other_o animal_n than_o fish_n but_o in_o how_o much_o wise_a order_n than_o this_o have_v the_o great_a creator_n of_o the_o world_n place_v all_o the_o body_n of_o the_o earth_n so_o that_o notwithstanding_o the_o great_a gravity_n of_o the_o land_n it_o be_v raise_v high_a than_o the_o sea_n and_o thereby_o make_v fit_a and_o habitable_a both_o for_o man_n and_o beast_n without_o the_o help_n of_o natural_a and_o mechanical_a cause_n which_o will_v have_v produce_v the_o contrary_a effect_n several_a other_o argument_n may_v be_v bring_v to_o demonstrate_v that_o the_o fâ—â—me_n of_o this_o world_n be_v the_o result_n of_o wisdom_n and_o counsel_n and_o not_o of_o the_o necessary_a and_o essential_a law_n of_o motion_n and_o gravitation_n which_o can_v never_o have_v either_o make_v or_o support_v the_o world_n i_o always_o wonder_v at_o the_o wild_a and_o extravagant_a fancy_n of_o the_o philosopher_n who_o think_v that_o brute_n and_o stupid_a matter_n will_v by_o itself_o without_o some_o supreme_a and_o intelligent_a director_n fall_v into_o a_o regular_a and_o beautiful_a structure_n who_o part_n shall_v be_v so_o extreme_o well_o adapt_v to_o various_a use_n as_o if_o they_o have_v be_v the_o result_n of_o wisdom_n and_o contrivance_n i_o will_v conclude_v this_o chapter_n with_o a_o discourse_n of_o the_o theorist_n in_o his_o 10_o the_o chap._n lib._n 2._o in_o the_o construction_n of_o the_o body_n of_o a_o animal_n say_v he_o there_o be_v more_o of_o thought_n and_o contrivance_n more_o of_o exquisite_a invention_n and_o fit_a disposition_n of_o part_n than_o be_v in_o all_o the_o temple_n palace_n ship_n theater_n or_o any_o other_o piece_n of_o architecture_n the_o world_n ever_o yet_o see_v and_o not_o architecture_n only_o but_o all_o other_o mechanism_n whatsoever_o engine_n
clockwork_n or_o any_o other_o be_v not_o comparable_a to_o the_o body_n of_o a_o live_a creature_n see_v then_o we_o acknowledge_v these_o artificial_a work_n wheresoever_o we_o meet_v with_o they_o to_o be_v the_o effect_n of_o wit_n understanding_n and_o reason_n be_v it_o not_o manifest_a partiality_n or_o stupidity_n rather_o to_o deny_v the_o work_n of_o nature_n which_o excel_v these_o in_o all_o degree_n to_o proceed_v from_o a_o intelligent_a principle_n let_v they_o take_v any_o piece_n of_o human_a art_n or_o any_o machine_n frame_v by_o the_o wit_n of_o man_n and_o compare_v it_o with_o the_o body_n of_o a_o animal_n either_o for_o diversity_n and_o multiplicity_n of_o workmanship_n or_o curiosity_n in_o the_o minute_n part_n or_o just_a connexion_n and_o dependence_n of_o one_o thing_n upon_o another_o or_o fit_a subserviency_n to_o the_o end_v propose_v of_o life_n motion_n use_v and_o ornament_n to_o the_o creature_n and_o if_o in_o all_o these_o respect_n they_o find_v it_o superior_a to_o any_o work_n of_o human_a production_n as_o they_o certain_o must_v why_o shall_v it_o be_v think_v to_o proceed_v from_o inferior_a and_o senseless_a cause_n aught_o we_o not_o in_o this_o as_o well_o as_o in_o other_o respect_n to_o proportion_v the_o cause_n to_o the_o effect_n and_o to_o speak_v truth_n and_o bring_v a_o honest_a verdict_n for_o nature_n as_o well_o as_o for_o art_n i_o desire_v the_o theorist_n may_v apply_v this_o excellent_a discourse_n to_o himself_o and_o consider_v whether_o this_o argument_n which_o he_o produce_v against_o the_o epicurean_o and_o atheist_n do_v not_o full_o show_v the_o absurdity_n of_o his_o own_o theory_n chap._n iii_o of_o the_o mountain_n the_o theorist_n frame_v his_o antediluvian_n earth_n smooth_a regular_a and_o uniform_a without_o mountain_n and_o without_o a_o sea_n the_o proof_n which_o he_o bring_v for_o this_o bold_a assertion_n be_v that_o the_o globe_n of_o the_o earth_n can_v not_o rise_v immediate_o from_o a_o chaos_n into_o the_o irregular_a form_n in_o which_o it_o be_v at_o present_a the_o chaos_n say_v he_o be_v a_o fluid_a mass_n which_o we_o know_v do_v necessary_o fall_v into_o a_o spherical_a surface_n who_o part_n be_v equidistant_a from_o the_o centre_n in_o a_o equal_a and_o even_a convexity_n one_o with_o another_o and_o since_o upon_o the_o distinction_n of_o the_o chaos_n and_o separation_n into_o several_a elementary_a mass_n the_o water_n will_v natural_o have_v a_o superior_a place_n to_o the_o earth_n it_o be_v manifest_a there_o can_v be_v no_o habitable_a earth_n form_v out_o of_o the_o chaos_n unless_o by_o some_o concretion_n upon_o the_o face_n of_o the_o water_n then_o last_o see_v this_o concrete_a orb_n of_o earth_n upon_o the_o face_n of_o the_o water_n will_v be_v of_o the_o same_o form_n with_o the_o surface_n of_o the_o water_n it_o be_v spread_v upon_o there_o be_v no_o cause_n that_o we_o know_v of_o to_o make_v a_o inequality_n in_o it_o we_o must_v conclude_v it_o equal_a and_o uniform_a and_o without_o mountain_n as_o also_o without_o a_o sea_n for_o the_o sea_n and_o all_o the_o mass_n of_o water_n be_v enclose_v within_o this_o exterior_a earth_n which_o have_v no_o other_o basis_n or_o foundation_n to_o rest_v upon_o this_o be_v the_o theorist_n great_a argument_n why_o the_o face_n of_o the_o primitive_a earth_n be_v smooth_a and_o uniform_a and_o without_o mountain_n which_o if_o we_o consider_v narrow_o it_o will_v appear_v to_o depend_v upon_o a_o precarious_a and_o false_a supposition_n namely_o that_o the_o great_a mass_n of_o matter_n which_o we_o have_v now_o for_o our_o earth_n be_v when_o in_o a_o chaos_n a_o entire_o fluid_a mass_n which_o be_v a_o hard_a thing_n to_o be_v grant_v since_o the_o great_a part_n of_o body_n we_o have_v in_o the_o earth_n at_o least_o so_o far_o as_o we_o can_v discern_v be_v hard_a and_o solid_a and_o there_o be_v not_o such_o a_o quantity_n of_o water_n in_o the_o earth_n as_o will_v be_v requisite_a to_o soften_v and_o liquify_v they_o all_o beside_o a_o great_a part_n of_o they_o as_o stones_z and_o metal_n be_v uncapable_a of_o be_v liquify_v by_o water_n we_o must_v conclude_v therefore_o that_o the_o chaos_n be_v not_o so_o fluid_a a_o mass_n as_o will_v be_v necessary_a for_o to_o have_v its_o surface_n even_o and_o uniform_a why_o may_v not_o there_o have_v be_v in_o this_o great_a mass_n huge_a lump_n of_o firm_a and_o solid_a matter_n which_o without_o any_o form_n order_n or_o regularity_n may_v be_v jumble_v together_o and_o swim_v up_o and_o down_o some_o on_o the_o surface_n and_o some_o within_o the_o fluid_a i_o will_v leave_v it_o to_o any_o to_o judge_v which_o appear_v most_o like_a a_o chaos_n this_o which_o i_o have_v describe_v or_o he_o which_o be_v a_o regular_a uniform_a fluid_n of_o a_o spherical_a figure_n so_o compose_v and_o mix_v with_o all_o body_n that_o no_o part_n of_o it_o at_o least_o at_o the_o same_o distance_n from_o the_o centre_n be_v thick_a than_o another_o which_o must_v necessary_o fall_v out_o if_o the_o chaos_n have_v a_o exact_a spherical_a figure_n as_o the_o theorist_n suppose_v if_o it_o be_v otherwise_o it_o be_v plain_a by_o hydrostatical_a principle_n that_o there_o the_o fluid_n will_v rise_v high_a where_o it_o be_v thin_a or_o light_a and_o consequent_o it_o will_v not_o have_v its_o surface_n uniform_a equal_o even_o and_o distant_a from_o the_o centre_n indeed_o methinks_v the_o theorist_n first_o figure_n of_o the_o chaos_n do_v very_o much_o contradict_v his_o own_o hypothesis_n there_o you_o may_v see_v represent_v great_a piece_n of_o hard_a and_o solid_a matter_n of_o no_o regular_a figure_n swim_v confuse_o in_o the_o fluid_fw-la any_o one_o of_o which_o seem_v to_o bear_v a_o far_o great_a proportion_n to_o the_o whole_a mass_n than_o the_o high_a hill_n can_v do_v to_o the_o whole_a earth_n but_o perhaps_o it_o may_v be_v say_v that_o all_o these_o hard_a and_o solid_a body_n be_v heavy_a than_o the_o fluid_a in_o which_o they_o swim_v fall_v down_o and_o compose_v the_o central_n solid_a and_o so_o far_o i_o must_v own_v indeed_o that_o all_o the_o body_n in_o that_o great_a mass_n which_o be_v heavy_a than_o water_n if_o leave_v to_o the_o law_n of_o gravity_n will_v necessary_o fall_v down_o towards_o the_o centre_n but_o certain_a it_o be_v that_o in_o such_o a_o great_a heap_n of_o matter_n and_o so_o different_a mixture_n of_o all_o sort_n mollia_fw-la cum_fw-la dure_v sine_fw-la pondere_fw-la habentia_fw-la pondus_fw-la there_o must_v be_v several_a that_o be_v specifical_o light_a than_o the_o water_n in_o which_o they_o swim_v and_o therefore_o after_o that_o the_o heavy_a have_v fall_v to_o the_o centre_n they_o will_v still_o float_v upon_o the_o surface_n so_o much_o of_o they_o be_v under_o water_n as_o will_v equal_v in_o quantity_n a_o bulk_n of_o water_n of_o the_o same_o gravity_n with_o the_o whole_a mass_n as_o it_o be_v demonstrate_v by_o archimedes_n 5._o proposition_n lib._n 1._o de_fw-fr insidentibus_fw-la humido_fw-la so_o that_o all_o the_o rest_n of_o the_o mass_n stand_v out_o or_o be_v high_o than_o the_o fluid_n will_v compose_v a_o mountain_n and_o that_o hill_n may_v be_v thus_o make_v i_o think_v be_v confirm_v by_o the_o observation_n of_o those_o who_o have_v fail_v in_o the_o northern_a sea_n where_o they_o see_v great_a mountain_n of_o ice_n float_v upon_o the_o top_n of_o the_o water_n and_o yet_o there_o be_v but_o a_o very_a small_a difference_n between_o the_o specific_a gravity_n of_o water_n and_o ice_n it_o be_v as_o eight_o to_o seven_o according_a to_o mr._n boyle_n observation_n if_o then_o we_o will_v suppose_v all_o mountain_n hollow_a and_o full_a of_o cavern_n there_o be_v a_o great_a many_o to_o our_o certain_a knowledge_n that_o be_v so_o or_o else_o join_v to_o some_o light_a matter_n so_o that_o the_o whole_a composition_n may_v be_v light_a than_o water_n or_o the_o fluid_a chaos_n this_o will_v necessary_o produce_v mountain_n and_o now_o i_o hope_v the_o theorist_n will_v own_v that_o the_o evenness_n and_o uniformity_n of_o the_o earth_n be_v not_o so_o necessary_a a_o consequence_n from_o its_o production_n out_o of_o a_o chaos_n as_o he_o at_o first_o imagine_v since_o i_o have_v show_v he_o how_o mountain_n may_v have_v be_v form_v from_o his_o own_o principle_n of_o statickâ—_n and_o gravitation_n yet_o i_o be_o of_o the_o opinion_n that_o there_o be_v other_o principle_n concur_v to_o the_o formation_n of_o the_o world_n beside_o gravitation_n and_o the_o know_a law_n of_o motion_n which_o i_o think_v if_o leave_v to_o themselves_o will_v never_o produce_v any_o tolerable_a or_o habitable_a world_n but_o suppose_v the_o efficient_a cause_n of_o mountain_n unknown_a or_o impossible_a to_o be_v assign_v yet_o
writer_n of_o hydrostaticks_n that_o a_o sphere_n who_o centre_n of_o gravity_n be_v the_o same_o with_o its_o centre_n of_o magnitude_n if_o put_v in_o a_o fluid_fw-la of_o the_o same_o specific_a gravity_n with_o itself_o will_v retain_v any_o give_a position_n and_o therefore_o there_o can_v be_v no_o reason_n draw_v from_o the_o earth_n gravity_n or_o equilibration_n why_o the_o position_n of_o its_o axis_fw-la shall_v be_v perpendicular_a to_o the_o plane_n of_o the_o ecliptic_a rather_o than_o any_o other_o of_o its_o diameter_n chap._n v._o of_o river_n the_o theorist_n have_v represent_v to_o we_o the_o first_o earth_n as_o a_o smooth_a regular_a and_o uniform_a body_n without_o mountain_n and_o without_o a_o sea_n in_o the_o 5_o chap._n of_o his_o second_o book_n he_o start_v a_o great_a difficulty_n how_o it_o be_v water_v from_o what_o cause_n and_o in_o what_o manner_n how_o can_v fountain_n rise_v or_o river_n flow_v in_o a_o earth_n of_o that_o form_n and_o nature_n he_o have_v shut_v up_o the_o sea_n with_o thick_a wall_n on_o every_o side_n and_o take_v away_o all_o communication_n that_o can_v be_v betwixt_o it_o and_o the_o external_a earth_n he_o have_v remove_v all_o the_o hill_n and_o mountain_n where_o the_o spring_n use_v to_o rise_v and_o whence_o the_o river_n descend_v to_o water_v the_o face_n of_o the_o ground_n and_o last_o he_o have_v leave_v no_o issue_n for_o these_o river_n no_o ocean_n to_o receive_v they_o or_o any_o place_n to_o disburden_v themselves_o into_o so_o that_o his_o new_a find_v world_n be_v like_a to_o be_v a_o dry_a and_o barren_a wilderness_n and_o so_o far_o from_o be_v paradisaical_a that_o it_o will_v scarce_o be_v habitable_a these_o indeed_o be_v great_a difficulty_n and_o the_o theorist_n have_v acknowledge_v they_o to_o be_v such_o for_o he_o say_v there_o be_v nothing_o in_o his_o whole_a theory_n that_o give_v so_o rude_a a_o stop_n to_o his_o thought_n as_o that_o part_n of_o it_o concern_v the_o river_n of_o the_o first_o earth_n but_o as_o the_o difficulty_n be_v great_a and_o as_o one_o will_v think_v insuperable_a so_o no_o doubt_n the_o glory_n that_o redound_v to_o the_o theorist_n must_v be_v nothing_o less_o if_o they_o be_v clear_o take_v away_o to_o understand_v therefore_o what_o the_o state_n of_o the_o primitive_a river_n and_o water_n will_v be_v he_o find_v it_o necessary_a to_o consider_v and_o examine_v how_o the_o rain_n fall_v in_o the_o first_o earth_n and_o he_o tell_v we_o that_o the_o order_n of_o nature_n in_o the_o region_n of_o the_o a_o will_v be_v very_o different_a from_o what_o it_o be_v now_o there_o can_v be_v no_o violent_a motion_n there_o nor_o any_o thing_n that_o proceed_v from_o extremity_n of_o cold_a as_o ice_n snow_n or_o hail_n and_o as_o for_o wind_n they_o can_v neither_o be_v impetuous_a nor_o irregular_a in_o that_o earth_n of_o he_o see_v there_o be_v no_o mountain_n nor_o any_o other_o inequality_n to_o obstruct_v the_o course_n of_o the_o vapour_n nor_o any_o unequal_a season_n nor_o unequal_a action_n of_o the_o sun_n but_o as_o for_o water_n meteor_n dew_n and_o rain_n there_o can_v not_o but_o be_v plenty_n of_o these_o in_o some_o part_n or_o other_o of_o that_o earth_n for_o the_o action_n of_o the_o sun_n in_o raise_v vapour_n be_v very_o strong_a and_o very_o constant_a and_o the_o earth_n be_v at_o first_o moist_a and_o soft_a and_o according_a as_o it_o grow_v more_o dry_a the_o ray_n of_o the_o sun_n will_v pierce_v more_o deep_a into_o it_o and_o reach_v at_o length_n the_o great_a abyss_n which_o lie_v underneath_o and_o be_v a_o unexhausted_a storehouse_n of_o new_a vapour_n now_o the_o same_o heat_n which_o extract_v these_o vapour_n so_o copious_o will_v also_o hinder_v they_o from_o condense_v into_o rain_n in_o the_o warm_a part_n of_o the_o earth_n and_o there_o be_v no_o mountain_n or_o contrary_a wind_n or_o any_o such_o cause_n to_o stop_v or_o compress_v they_o they_o will_v take_v their_o course_n where_o they_o be_v least_o resist_v which_o be_v towards_o the_o pole_n and_o the_o cold_a region_n of_o the_o earth_n for_o east_n and_o west_n they_o will_v meet_v with_o as_o warm_v a_o air_n and_o vapour_n as_o much_o agitate_a as_o themselves_o which_o therefore_o will_v not_o yield_v to_o their_o progress_n that_o way_n but_o north_n and_o south_n they_o will_v find_v a_o more_o easy_a passage_n so_o that_o the_o concourse_n of_o vapour_n which_o be_v raise_v chiefty_a about_o the_o equinoctial_a and_o middle_a part_n of_o it_o will_v be_v towards_o the_o extreme_a part_n or_o the_o pole_n when_o these_o vapour_n thus_o drive_v by_o the_o heat_n of_o the_o sun_n be_v arrive_v in_o the_o cool_a region_n near_o the_o pole_n they_o will_v be_v condense_v into_o rain_n for_o want_v there_o the_o cause_n of_o their_o agitation_n namely_o the_o heat_n of_o the_o sun_n their_o motion_n will_v soon_o begin_v to_o languish_v and_o they_o will_v fall_v close_o to_o one_o another_o in_o the_o form_n of_o water_n thus_o he_o think_v he_o have_v find_v a_o sufficient_a source_n for_o water_n in_o the_o first_o earth_n which_o will_v never_o fail_v neither_o diminish_v nor_o overflow_v but_o though_o he_o esteem_v this_o a_o inexhaustible_a store-house_n and_o a_o easy_a way_n to_o furnish_v water_n yet_o if_o it_o be_v narrow_o examine_v he_o will_v find_v it_o not_o in_o the_o least_o sufficient_a for_o such_o a_o effect_n for_o first_o according_a to_o his_o own_o hypothesis_n there_o can_v be_v no_o river_n for_o a_o long_a time_n after_o the_o formation_n of_o the_o earth_n till_o the_o sun_n have_v crack_v the_o outward_a crust_n thereof_o and_o its_o heat_n have_v reach_v the_o great_a abyss_n which_o the_o theorist_n must_v needs_o own_o will_v require_v a_o very_a considerable_a space_n of_o time_n one_o will_v think_v it_o will_v be_v several_a hundred_o of_o year_n before_o the_o sun_n heat_n can_v perform_v such_o a_o effect_n during_o all_o which_o time_n the_o inhabitant_n of_o the_o earth_n must_v be_v without_o water_n and_o river_n and_o lead_v very_o sad_a and_o uncomfortable_a life_n be_v this_o the_o fruit_n of_o the_o golden_a age_n or_o be_v this_o consistent_a with_o the_o happiness_n of_o the_o antediluvian_a father_n in_o my_o opinion_n it_o be_v direct_o contrary_a to_o the_o scripture_n for_o they_o give_v we_o a_o account_n of_o river_n immediate_o after_o the_o formation_n of_o the_o earth_n but_o 2_o dly_a i_o will_v hereafter_o prove_v that_o the_o sun_n beam_n do_v never_o yet_o reach_v so_o deep_a in_o the_o earth_n as_o the_o thickness_n of_o the_o first_o crustation_n must_v have_v be_v and_o consequent_o there_o never_o can_v arise_v any_o vapour_n from_o the_o abyss_n to_o furnish_v the_o river_n 3_o dly_z suppose_v the_o heat_n of_o the_o sun_n to_o have_v crack_v the_o crust_n and_o to_o have_v raise_v vapour_n from_o the_o abyss_n yet_o it_o be_v certain_a it_o can_v not_o do_v it_o in_o such_o a_o quantity_n as_o will_v be_v sufficient_a to_o furnish_v the_o earth_n with_o water_n and_o now_o the_o theorist_n will_v tell_v we_o what_o can_v be_v more_o sufficient_a than_o the_o whole_a orb_n of_o water_n sure_o this_o will_v do_v or_o else_o nothing_o can_v this_o he_o will_v say_v be_v a_o inexhaustible_a treasure_n that_o the_o river_n can_v never_o drain_v and_o therefore_o there_o be_v no_o fear_n of_o want_n of_o water_n from_o thence_o yes_o there_o be_v reason_n to_o fear_v it_o very_o much_o for_o suppose_v that_o there_o be_v enough_o in_o the_o abyss_n yet_o perhaps_o the_o action_n of_o the_o sun_n will_v not_o raise_v so_o much_o as_o will_v be_v sufficient_a to_o water_v the_o earth_n so_o there_o may_v be_v enough_o of_o gold_n in_o the_o bowel_n of_o the_o earth_n but_o if_o we_o can_v come_v at_o it_o we_o shall_v never_o be_v the_o rich_a for_o it_o that_o i_o may_v examine_v this_o i_o will_v suppose_v that_o the_o mouth_n of_o these_o crack_n which_o the_o sun_n be_v say_v to_o have_v make_v by_o its_o heat_n to_o be_v a_o 1_o 10000_o part_n of_o the_o surface_n of_o the_o earth_n this_o will_v exceed_v 2600_o square_a mile_n which_o i_o think_v be_v as_o much_o as_o the_o theorist_n can_v reasonable_o allow_v they_o for_o if_o it_o be_v but_o one_o continue_a crack_n round_o the_o equator_fw-la of_o a_o mile_n breadth_n it_o will_v not_o exceed_v 25000._o mile_n 2_o dly_z i_o will_v suppose_v with_o the_o theorist_n that_o one_o half_a of_o the_o surface_n of_o the_o present_a earth_n be_v land_n and_o the_o other_o be_v sea_n and_o by_o consequence_n the_o mouth_n of_o those_o pit_n or_o crack_n must_v be_v one_o five_o thousand_o part_n of_o the_o whole_a of_o the_o now_o ocean_n now_o it_o be_v evident_a
be_v will_v not_o be_v perpetual_a nor_o last_v many_o thousand_o of_o year_n if_o one_o consider_v the_o effect_n the_o heat_n of_o the_o sun_n will_v have_v upon_o it_o and_o the_o water_n under_o it_o dry_v and_o parch_v the_o one_o and_o rarify_n the_o other_o into_o vapour_n for_o according_a to_o he_o the_o course_n of_o the_o sun_n be_v such_o at_o that_o time_n that_o there_o be_v no_o diversity_n or_o alteration_n of_o season_n in_o the_o year_n as_o there_o be_v now_o by_o reason_n of_o which_o alteration_n of_o season_n our_o earth_n be_v keep_v in_o a_o equality_n of_o temper_n the_o contrary_a season_n balance_v one_o another_o so_o that_o what_o moisture_n the_o heat_n of_o the_o summer_n suck_v out_o of_o the_o earth_n be_v repair_v again_o in_o rains_n the_o next_o winter_n and_o what_o chap_n be_v make_v in_o it_o be_v fill_v up_o and_o the_o earth_n be_v reduce_v to_o its_o former_a constitution_n but_o if_o we_o shall_v imagine_v a_o continual_a summer_n the_o earth_n will_v proceed_v in_o dryness_n still_o more_o and_o more_o and_o the_o crack_n will_v be_v wide_a and_o pierce_v deep_o into_o the_o substance_n of_o it_o the_o heat_n of_o the_o sun_n therefore_o according_a to_o the_o theorist_n act_v continual_o upon_o the_o earth_n will_v have_v reduce_v it_o in_o the_o space_n of_o some_o hundred_o of_o year_n to_o a_o considerable_a degree_n of_o dryness_n in_o certain_a part_n and_o will_v also_o have_v much_o rarify_v and_o exhale_v the_o water_n under_o it_o so_o that_o consider_v the_o structure_n of_o that_o globe_n the_o exterior_a crust_n and_o the_o water_n under_o it_o he_o think_v it_o may_v be_v fit_o compare_v to_o a_o aeolipile_n or_o a_o hollow_a sphere_n with_o water_n in_o it_o which_o the_o heat_n of_o the_o fire_n rarefy_v and_o turn_v into_o vapour_n or_o wind_n the_o sun_n here_o be_v the_o fire_n and_o the_o exterior_a earth_n the_o shell_n of_o the_o aeolipile_n and_o the_o abyss_n the_o water_n within_o it_o as_o soon_o then_o as_o the_o heat_n of_o the_o sun_n have_v reach_v the_o water_n in_o the_o abyss_n it_o begin_v to_o rarify_v they_o and_o raise_v they_o into_o vapour_n by_o which_o rarifaction_n they_o require_v more_o room_n than_o they_o do_v before_o and_o find_v themselves_o pen_v in_o by_o the_o exterior_a earth_n they_o press_v with_o violence_n against_o that_o arch_n to_o make_v it_o yield_v and_o give_v way_n to_o their_o dilatation_n and_o by_o this_o mean_v the_o earth_n be_v break_v and_o the_o frame_n of_o it_o tear_v in_o piece_n as_o by_o a_o earthquake_n and_o those_o great_a portion_n or_o fragment_n into_o which_o it_o be_v divide_v fall_v down_o into_o the_o abyss_n some_o in_o one_o posture_n and_o some_o in_o another_o and_o be_v the_o cause_n of_o a_o general_a deluge_n i_o shall_v now_o examine_v these_o cause_n which_o the_o theorist_n have_v give_v for_o the_o dissolution_n of_o the_o earth_n and_o in_o this_o chapter_n i_o will_v first_o inquire_v whither_o the_o heat_n of_o the_o sun_n can_v reach_v so_o far_o as_o the_o great_a abyss_n to_o rarify_v the_o water_n thereof_o first_o then_o i_o have_v prove_v in_o the_o three_o chapter_n of_o this_o examination_n that_o there_o be_v hill_n and_o mountain_n in_o the_o primitive_a earth_n as_o there_o be_v now_o in_o we_o i_o have_v also_o show_v that_o the_o axis_n of_o the_o earth_n be_v then_o incline_v the_o same_o way_n to_o the_o plane_n of_o the_o ecliptic_a as_o it_o be_v at_o present_a from_o thence_o it_o plain_o follow_v that_o there_o be_v then_o the_o same_o variety_n of_o season_n and_o alternation_n of_o heat_n and_o cold_a in_o the_o primitive_a earth_n that_o there_o be_v now_o in_o our_o earth_n and_o by_o consequence_n all_o the_o argument_n draw_v from_o the_o great_a heat_n and_o strong_a action_n of_o the_o sun_n upon_o the_o antediluvian_n earth_n must_v fall_v to_o the_o ground_n there_o be_v then_o no_o great_a heat_n of_o the_o sun_n on_o the_o earth_n than_o there_o be_v at_o present_a but_o 2_o dly_a there_o be_v place_n in_o the_o earth_n as_o the_o island_n of_o barbadoes_n and_o some_o other_o island_n near_o the_o aequator_fw-la where_o there_o be_v little_a or_o no_o variety_n of_o season_n or_o alteration_n of_o the_o sun_n heat_n but_o it_o continue_v to_o shine_v very_o strong_o upon_o they_o throughout_o the_o whole_a year_n and_o yet_o in_o none_o of_o they_o be_v there_o any_o of_o these_o great_a chap_n and_o crack_n which_o the_o theorist_n say_v be_v make_v in_o the_o primitive_a earth_n by_o the_o strong_a action_n of_o the_o sun_n though_o it_o have_v shine_v above_o thrice_o as_o long_o upon_o these_o island_n as_o it_o do_v upon_o the_o antediluvian_n world_n 3_o dly_a it_o be_v certain_a that_o if_o we_o judge_v according_a to_o experience_n that_o the_o heat_n of_o the_o sun_n do_v not_o reach_v far_o into_o the_o earth_n and_o that_o its_o beam_n can_v go_v but_o a_o very_a little_a way_n into_o the_o crust_n for_o in_o vault_n and_o cave_n there_o be_v no_o sensible_a alteration_n of_o heat_n in_o summer_n and_o winter_n even_o though_o they_o have_v a_o communication_n with_o the_o open_a air_n and_o in_o the_o deep_a pit_n of_o the_o royal_a observatorie_n at_o paris_n it_o have_v be_v find_v by_o experience_n that_o a_o thermometer_n place_v there_o in_o the_o cold_a day_n of_o winter_n do_v not_o sensible_o vary_v from_o what_o it_o be_v in_o the_o great_a heat_n in_o summer_n and_o they_o who_o work_n in_o mine_n can_v tell_v how_o little_a difference_n they_o observe_v of_o heat_n in_o the_o summer_n more_o than_o in_o the_o winter_n in_o place_n underground_o but_o if_o the_o heat_n of_o the_o sun_n can_v penetrate_v for_o any_o considerable_a depth_n the_o crust_n of_o the_o earth_n it_o be_v plain_a that_o when_o its_o heat_n be_v strong_a and_o most_o intense_a upon_o the_o surface_n it_o will_v also_o be_v most_o intense_a within_o the_o crust_n but_o the_o forementioned_a experiment_n do_v prove_v that_o within_o the_o bowel_n of_o the_o earth_n there_o be_v no_o sensible_a difference_n between_o the_o heat_n of_o the_o sun_n when_o its_o action_n be_v strong_a from_o what_o it_o be_v when_o its_o action_n be_v weak_a since_o then_o the_o heat_n of_o the_o sun_n do_v not_o penetrate_v the_o earth_n so_o as_o to_o be_v sensible_a even_o for_o the_o small_a space_n that_o we_o be_v able_a to_o dig_v through_o how_o can_v we_o imagine_v it_o possible_a that_o it_o shall_v ever_o reach_v the_o abyss_n through_o the_o whole_a exterior_a crust_n of_o the_o earth_n so_o as_o to_o be_v able_a to_o heat_v the_o water_n and_o raise_v it_o into_o vapour_n but_o that_o i_o may_v bring_v this_o point_n to_o a_o calculation_n as_o near_o as_o i_o can_v i_o will_v suppose_v that_o the_o heat_n cause_v by_o the_o direct_a influence_n of_o the_o sun_n upon_o any_o surface_n be_v always_o all_o other_o thing_n be_v the_o same_o as_o the_o quantity_n of_o ray_n of_o heat_n which_o fall_v upon_o that_o surface_n which_o i_o believe_v the_o theorist_n will_v allow_v i_o will_v also_o suppose_v that_o few_o ray_n of_o heat_n pass_v through_o the_o solid_a orb_n than_o if_o it_o have_v be_v compose_v of_o several_a concentrical_a surface_n place_v at_o some_o distance_n from_o one_o another_o every_o one_o of_o which_o transmit_v only_o the_o one_o half_a of_o the_o ray_n of_o heat_n which_o fall_v upon_o it_o this_o i_o think_v may_v be_v also_o easy_o allow_v for_o it_o be_v plain_a that_o the_o surface_n of_o the_o earth_n do_v not_o transmit_v the_o half_a nay_o not_o the_o hundred_o part_n of_o the_o sun_n beam_n which_o fall_v upon_o it_o these_o thing_n be_v suppose_v it_o be_v plain_a that_o but_o one_o half_a of_o the_o ray_n which_o fall_v upon_o the_o first_o surface_n will_v fall_v upon_o the_o second_o but_o one_o four_o of_o they_o upon_o the_o three_o one_o eight_o part_n of_o they_o upon_o the_o four_o and_o one_o sixteen_o part_n upon_o the_o five_o etc._n etc._n so_o that_o they_o will_v still_o decrease_v in_o a_o geometrical_a proportion_n of_o 2_o to_o 1_o and_o if_o there_o be_v but_o one_o hundred_o of_o these_o surface_n the_o number_n of_o ray_n which_o fall_v upon_o the_o first_o will_v be_v to_o the_o number_n of_o ray_n which_o pass_v through_o to_o the_o last_o as_o 2_o 99_o to_o 1_o or_o as_o the_o ninty_a nine_o power_n of_o 2_o be_v to_o 1._o how_o great_a a_o disproportion_n than_o will_v there_o be_v between_o the_o number_n of_o those_o ray_n which_o fall_v upon_o the_o first_o surface_n and_o those_o which_o fall_v upon_o the_o last_o for_o the_o ninty_a nine_o power_n of_o 2_o be_v a_o number_n which_o if_o write_v at_o length_n will_v
consist_v of_o a_o hundred_o figure_n but_o if_o we_o shall_v imagine_v all_o the_o space_n between_o the_o surface_v fill_v up_o with_o solid_a and_o not_o diaphanous_a matter_n as_o it_o real_o be_v so_o in_o the_o crust_n of_o the_o earth_n the_o heat_n upon_o the_o surface_n must_v be_v much_o less_o than_o what_o it_o will_v be_v by_o the_o former_a proportion_n from_o thence_o we_o may_v conclude_v that_o if_o the_o heat_n of_o the_o sun_n upon_o the_o surface_n of_o the_o antediluvian_n earth_n be_v not_o much_o great_a than_o it_o be_v now_o it_o can_v never_o reach_v so_o far_o into_o the_o crust_n as_o to_o be_v able_a to_o raise_v vapour_n from_o the_o abyss_n or_o if_o it_o be_v so_o great_a as_o to_o be_v able_a to_o raise_v vapour_n from_o thence_o that_o be_v if_o it_o be_v then_o as_o great_a upon_o the_o surface_n of_o the_o abyss_n as_o it_o be_v general_o upon_o the_o surface_n of_o the_o present_a earth_n it_o must_v have_v be_v almost_o infinite_o great_a upon_o the_o surface_n of_o the_o antediluvian_n world_n certain_o there_o can_v be_v no_o necessity_n for_o a_o deluge_n in_o that_o case_n except_o it_o be_v to_o cool_v the_o earth_n again_o after_o such_o a_o excessive_a heat_n which_o must_v have_v destroy_v all_o the_o animal_n plant_n and_o tree_n which_o be_v upon_o the_o earth_n and_o have_v turn_v they_o into_o glass_n but_o perhaps_o it_o may_v be_v urge_v that_o the_o heat_n of_o the_o sun_n do_v generate_v and_o prepare_v metal_n which_o lie_v hide_v in_o its_o bowel_n to_o which_o i_o answer_v that_o i_o have_v already_o bring_v a_o sufficient_a demonstration_n that_o the_o heat_n of_o the_o sun_n do_v pass_v but_o a_o very_a little_a way_n within_o the_o earth_n and_o therefore_o the_o opinion_n that_o metal_n be_v generate_v by_o the_o sun_n influence_n must_v be_v false_a for_o they_o general_o lie_v far_o hide_v within_o the_o bowel_n of_o the_o earth_n and_o therefore_o without_o the_o reach_n of_o the_o sun_n influence_n but_o notwithstanding_o all_o this_o shall_v i_o grant_v to_o the_o theorist_n that_o the_o heat_n of_o the_o sun_n have_v reach_v the_o abyss_n and_o have_v raise_v the_o vapour_n so_o that_o the_o crust_n of_o the_o earth_n fall_v down_o and_o be_v break_v in_o piece_n yet_o i_o can_v see_v how_o from_o thence_o there_o can_v follow_v any_o universal_a deluge_n or_o indeed_o any_o deluge_n at_o all_o though_o the_o theorist_n do_v endeavour_v to_o explain_v it_o thus_o when_o the_o earth_n say_v he_o be_v break_v and_o fall_v into_o the_o abyss_n a_o good_a part_n of_o it_o be_v cover_v with_o water_n by_o the_o mere_a depth_n of_o the_o abyss_n it_o fall_v into_o and_o those_o part_n of_o it_o that_o be_v high_a than_o the_o abyss_n be_v deep_a and_o consequent_o will_v stand_v above_o it_o in_o a_o calm_a water_n be_v notwithstanding_o reach_v and_o overtop_v by_o the_o water_n during_o the_o agitation_n and_o violent_a commotion_n of_o the_o abyss_n for_o it_o be_v not_o imaginable_a say_v he_o what_o the_o commotion_n of_o the_o abyss_n will_v be_v upon_o this_o dissolution_n of_o the_o earth_n nor_o to_o what_o height_n its_o wave_n will_v be_v throw_v when_o these_o prodigious_a fragment_n be_v tumble_v down_o into_o it_o if_o you_o will_v suppose_v a_o stone_n of_o ten_o thousand_o weight_n take_v up_o into_o the_o air_n a_o mile_n or_o two_o and_o then_o let_v fall_v into_o the_o middle_n of_o the_o ocean_n it_o be_v credible_a that_o the_o dash_a of_o the_o water_n upon_o that_o impression_n will_v rise_v as_o high_a as_o a_o mountain_n but_o if_o you_o will_v suppose_v a_o mighty_a rock_n or_o a_o heap_n of_o rock_n to_o fall_v from_o that_o height_n or_o a_o great_a island_n or_o continent_n these_o will_v expel_v the_o water_n out_o of_o their_o place_n with_o such_o a_o force_n and_o violence_n as_o will_v fling_v they_o above_o the_o high_a cloud_n this_o be_v in_o short_a the_o method_n the_o theorist_n have_v find_v out_o for_o make_v a_o universal_a deluge_n but_o if_o i_o can_v prove_v from_o his_o own_o principle_n that_o long_o before_o the_o deluge_n happen_v all_o the_o water_n in_o the_o abyss_n be_v draw_v up_o by_o the_o heat_n of_o the_o sun_n to_o supply_v the_o river_n that_o be_v necessary_a to_o water_v the_o earth_n i_o will_v fain_o know_v what_o will_v become_v of_o his_o deluge_n or_o how_o he_o can_v make_v in_o that_o case_n the_o fall_n of_o the_o crust_n to_o be_v the_o cause_n of_o a_o universal_a flood_n for_o by_o all_o the_o conception_n that_o i_o can_v have_v of_o it_o the_o water_n which_o be_v upon_o the_o surface_n of_o the_o earth_n by_o the_o fall_n will_v rush_v into_o the_o abyss_n and_o it_o will_v be_v so_o far_o from_o make_v any_o flood_n that_o it_o will_v leave_v the_o surface_n of_o the_o earth_n and_o make_v dry_a land_n appear_v where_o former_o there_o be_v none_o to_o prove_v this_o i_o must_v first_o inquire_v what_o proportion_n the_o quantity_n of_o water_n which_o the_o sea_n receive_v from_o the_o river_n of_o the_o earth_n in_o any_o time_n bear_v to_o the_o quantity_n of_o water_n in_o the_o ocean_n and_o by_o consequence_n i_o will_v calculate_v the_o time_n the_o river_n will_v take_v to_o fill_v the_o ocean_n if_o it_o be_v empty_a and_o they_o run_v as_o they_o do_v now_o or_o which_o be_v the_o same_o thing_n i_o will_v find_v what_o time_n the_o sea_n will_v take_v to_o empty_v itself_o into_o the_o river_n suppose_v that_o it_o be_v not_o recruit_v again_o by_o the_o continual_a course_n of_o fresh_a water_n which_o run_v into_o it_o that_o be_v if_o the_o abyss_n do_v former_o supply_v all_o the_o river_n with_o water_n before_o the_o flood_n and_o none_o of_o they_o run_v into_o it_o again_o as_o the_o theorist_n suppose_v they_o do_v not_o i_o be_o to_o find_v what_o time_n it_o will_v take_v to_o empty_v itself_o on_o the_o surface_n of_o the_o earth_n and_o if_o i_o can_v prove_v that_o it_o will_v quite_o empty_v itself_o on_o the_o surface_n long_o before_o the_o deluge_n happen_v i_o think_v from_o thence_o it_o will_v necessary_o follow_v that_o there_o will_v be_v no_o deluge_n at_o all_o by_o the_o fall_n of_o the_o crust_n to_o begin_v therefore_o i_o will_v suppose_v as_o the_o theorist_n have_v do_v in_o his_o second_o chap._n book_n first_o that_o one_o half_a of_o the_o surface_n of_o the_o terraqueous_a globe_n be_v sea_n and_o the_o other_o land_n and_o that_o if_o we_o take_v the_o sea_n one_o place_n with_o another_o it_o be_v a_o quarter_n of_o a_o mile_n deep_a now_o the_o surface_n of_o the_o whole_a earth_n be_v 170981012_o italian_a mile_n the_o surface_n of_o the_o sea_n be_v 85490506_o square_a mile_n which_o be_v multiply_v by_o ¼_n the_o the_o sea_n be_v ¼_n the_o of_o a_o mile_n deep_a the_o product_n be_v 21372626½_n cubical_a mile_n which_o be_v the_o quantity_n of_o water_n contain_v in_o the_o whole_a ocean_n now_o to_o calculate_v the_o water_n the_o ocean_n receive_v from_o the_o river_n we_o must_v consider_v some_o great_a river_n who_o breadth_n depth_n and_o swiftness_n be_v best_a know_v such_o be_v the_o po_n which_o pass_v through_o lombardy_n and_o water_n a_o large_a country_n of_o 380_o mile_n in_o length_n ricciolus_n in_o his_o geographia_fw-la reformata_fw-la tell_v we_o that_o its_o breadth_n before_o its_o division_n into_o a_o great_a many_o channel_n by_o which_o it_o fall_v into_o the_o sea_n be_v a_o hundred_o bononian_n perch_v or_o a_o thousand_o foot_n and_o its_o depth_n be_v one_o perch_n or_o ten_o foot_n and_o therefore_o its_o perpendicular_a section_n from_o one_o side_n to_o the_o other_o be_v a_o hundred_o square_a perche_n or_o 40000_o square_a foot_n its_o swiftness_n also_o be_v so_o great_a that_o the_o course_n of_o the_o water_n be_v about_o four_o italian_a mile_n in_o a_o hour_n or_o which_o be_v the_o same_o thing_n 2000_o italian_a perch_n for_o there_o be_v 500_o perch_n in_o a_o mile_n the_o po_n therefore_o carry_v into_o the_o adriatic_a 200000_o cubical_a perch_n of_o water_n in_o the_o space_n of_o a_o hour_n and_o therefore_o the_o quantity_n of_o water_n it_o bring_v into_o the_o sea_n in_o a_o day_n be_v 4800000_o cubical_a perch_n or_o 380000000_o cubical_a foot_n of_o water_n but_o one_o cubical_a mile_n contain_v 125000000_o cubical_a perch_n and_o therefore_o if_o the_o po_n take_v one_o day_n to_o bring_v into_o the_o adriatic_a 4800000_o cubical_a perch_n of_o water_n it_o will_v require_v twenty_o six_o day_n to_o carry_v into_o the_o sea_n 125000000_o cubical_a perch_n or_o one_o cubical_a mile_n or_o which_o come_v to_o the_o same_o thing_n twenty_o six_o river_n every_o one_o of_o which_o be_v of_o the_o
same_o swiftness_n with_o the_o po_n will_v pour_v into_o the_o sea_n one_o cubical_a mile_n of_o water_n in_o a_o day_n i_o must_v in_o the_o next_o place_n determine_v what_o proportion_n all_o the_o river_n in_o the_o earth_n bear_v to_o the_o po_n which_o to_o determine_v exact_o will_v be_v a_o task_n not_o easy_o to_o be_v perform_v but_o i_o think_v we_o may_v determine_v it_o near_o enough_o for_o our_o present_a purpose_n by_o suppose_v that_o the_o quantity_n of_o water_n receive_v into_o the_o sea_n by_o the_o great_a river_n in_o any_o country_n be_v very_o near_o proportional_a to_o the_o extent_n and_o surface_n of_o that_o country_n and_o consequent_o the_o country_n which_o be_v water_v by_o the_o po_n and_o the_o river_n which_o run_v into_o it_o bear_v the_o same_o proportion_n to_o the_o surface_n of_o the_o whole_a dry_a land_n that_o the_o po_n do_v to_o all_o the_o river_n in_o the_o earth_n but_o i_o have_v observe_v from_o the_o exact_a map_n i_o can_v see_v that_o the_o po_n from_o its_o origin_n in_o the_o alps_o to_o its_o end_n where_o it_o run_v into_o the_o sea_n be_v in_o length_n three_o hundred_o and_o eighty_o mile_n and_o that_o the_o river_n which_o fall_v into_o it_o from_o each_o side_n come_v from_o spring_n of_o about_o sixty_o mile_n distance_n from_o the_o po_n consequent_o the_o po_n and_o the_o river_n which_o run_v into_o it_o water_z a_o country_n which_o be_v 380_o mile_n long_o and_o 120_o broad_a all_o which_o make_v 45600_o square_a mile_n but_o the_o surface_n of_o all_o the_o land_n be_v equal_a to_o half_a the_o terraqueous_a globe_n be_v 85490506_o square_a mile_n and_o therefore_o according_a to_o the_o proportion_n former_o mention_v the_o water_n which_o be_v carry_v into_o the_o sea_n by_o all_o the_o river_n be_v 1874_o time_n great_a than_o what_o the_o po_n carry_v into_o the_o sea_n it_o be_v true_a there_o be_v in_o the_o earth_n some_o barren_a place_n which_o have_v no_o great_a quantity_n of_o water_n or_o river_n in_o they_o but_o they_o be_v but_o small_a will_v not_o much_o alter_v our_o account_n and_o for_o a_o equivalent_a we_o can_v easy_o prove_v that_o though_o there_o be_v some_o country_n not_o so_o well_o store_v with_o river_n as_o lombardy_n yet_o there_o be_v several_a other_o which_o be_v much_o better_o furnish_v with_o they_o particular_o the_o south_n part_n of_o america_n where_o there_o be_v river_n which_o according_a to_o credible_a relation_n be_v above_o fourscore_o mile_n in_o breadth_n and_o therefore_o by_o allow_v a_o proportional_a depth_n they_o will_v be_v several_a hundred_o of_o time_n big_a than_o the_o po._n now_o i_o have_v already_o calculate_v that_o twenty_o six_o po_n will_n pour_v into_o the_o sea_n one_o cubical_a mile_n of_o water_n in_o a_o day_n and_o consequent_o in_o 365_o day_n or_o in_o the_o space_n of_o a_o year_n they_o will_v pour_v into_o the_o sea_n 365_o cubical_a mile_n of_o water_n hence_o it_o follow_v that_o if_o 26_o river_n as_o big_a as_o the_o po_n pour_v into_o the_o sea_n 365_o mile_n of_o water_n in_o the_o space_n of_o a_o year_n from_o 1874_o river_n as_o big_a as_o the_o po_n there_o will_v be_v bring_v into_o the_o sea_n in_o the_o same_o time_n 26308_o cubical_a mile_n of_o water_n and_o therefore_o by_o the_o rule_n of_o proportional_n in_o the_o space_n of_o 812_o year_n the_o river_n will_v bring_v into_o the_o sea_n 21372626_o cubical_a mile_n of_o water_n which_o be_v a_o quantity_n of_o water_n as_o great_a as_o the_o ocean_n and_o therefore_o in_o that_o time_n they_o will_v fill_v the_o great_a channel_n of_o the_o ocean_n if_o it_o be_v empty_a and_o their_o course_n the_o same_o both_o for_o quantity_n of_o water_n and_o swiftness_n that_o it_o be_v now_o and_o since_o the_o sea_n furnish_v the_o river_n with_o all_o the_o water_n that_o run_v through_o they_o it_o be_v plain_a that_o the_o sea_n will_v empty_v itself_o in_o the_o space_n of_o 812_o year_n if_o none_o of_o the_o river_n run_v into_o it_o again_o since_o therefore_o according_a to_o the_o theorist_n the_o abyss_n be_v the_o store-house_n which_o furnish_v the_o river_n of_o the_o antediluvian_n earth_n with_o water_n and_o none_o of_o they_o according_a to_o he_o run_v into_o it_o again_o and_o because_o all_o the_o water_n which_o be_v ancient_o in_o the_o abyss_n be_v now_o in_o the_o ocean_n it_o must_v needs_o follow_v that_o in_o the_o space_n of_o 812_o year_n it_o will_v be_v quite_o empty_a upon_o supposition_n that_o there_o be_v as_o many_o river_n in_o the_o primitive_a earth_n as_o there_o be_v now_o in_o we_o but_o because_o there_o be_v then_o twice_o as_o much_o land_n to_o be_v furnish_v with_o river_n there_o be_v then_o no_o sea_n as_o the_o theorist_n say_v we_o must_v in_o proportion_n allow_v twice_o as_o many_o river_n to_o water_v the_o double_a quantity_n of_o dry_a land_n and_o therefore_o by_o such_o a_o double_a quantity_n of_o river_n the_o abyss_n will_v be_v empty_v in_o half_a that_o time_n perhaps_o the_o theorist_n will_v say_v that_o the_o river_n be_v not_o altogether_o furnish_v by_o vapour_n draw_v from_o the_o abyss_n but_o by_o those_o also_o that_o be_v exhale_v from_o the_o surface_n of_o the_o earth_n and_o that_o after_o the_o water_n in_o the_o river_n have_v run_v towards_o the_o aequator_fw-la and_o middle_a part_n of_o the_o earth_n the_o water_n be_v again_o raise_v into_o vapour_n by_o the_o great_a heat_n of_o the_o sun_n and_o carry_v back_o towards_o the_o pole_n in_o order_n to_o supply_v the_o river_n again_o but_o this_o be_v no_o objection_n to_o our_o present_a argument_n for_o though_o the_o vapour_n draw_v from_o the_o surface_n of_o the_o earth_n will_v no_o doubt_n increase_v the_o quantity_n of_o water_n in_o the_o river_n yet_o still_o there_o will_v be_v draw_v from_o the_o abyss_n the_o same_o quantity_n of_o vapour_n as_o be_v before_o the_o same_o cause_n still_o continue_v to_o act_v will_v still_o 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be_v the_o cause_n of_o a_o deluge_n that_o it_o will_v have_v prove_v the_o true_a way_n to_o deliver_v the_o earth_n from_o a_o deluge_n of_o water_n which_o be_v then_o on_o it_o for_o all_o the_o water_n which_o be_v in_o the_o abyss_n be_v draw_v up_o on_o the_o surface_n of_o the_o land_n and_o the_o earth_n be_v of_o a_o spheroidical_a and_o oval_a shape_n without_o hill_n and_o mountain_n upper_a and_o low_a ground_n but_o exact_o of_o the_o same_o figure_n which_o its_o gravity_n and_o centrifugal_a force_n form_v it_o into_o when_o it_o be_v fluid_a the_o great_a mass_n of_o water_n which_o be_v then_o upon_o the_o earth_n must_v have_v settle_v itself_o also_o in_o the_o same_o figure_n it_o have_v no_o bank_n to_o retain_v it_o within_o its_o channel_n or_o mountain_n to_o keep_v it_o within_o bound_n and_o the_o true_a effect_n of_o the_o fall_n of_o the_o crust_n must_v have_v be_v to_o have_v discover_v the_o land_n and_o the_o water_n will_v have_v run_v from_o the_o surface_n of_o the_o earth_n into_o the_o abyss_n and_o there_o will_v have_v form_v a_o sea_n and_o make_v that_o land_n appear_v which_o before_o be_v cover_v with_o water_n notwithstanding_o what_o i_o have_v already_o prove_v i_o will_v now_o suppose_v that_o all_o the_o water_n which_o be_v now_o in_o the_o ocean_n be_v in_o the_o abyss_n at_o the_o time_n of_o the_o deluge_n and_o that_o the_o crust_n of_o the_o earth_n be_v break_v and_o crack_v and_o fall_v down_o on_o the_o surface_n of_o the_o abyss_n yet_o still_o i_o can_v understand_v how_o this_o fall_n can_v produce_v a_o universal_a deluge_n and_o make_v the_o water_n swell_v above_o the_o top_n of_o the_o high_a mountain_n for_o the_o theorist_n have_v
from_o the_o abyss_n in_o place_n near_o the_o equinoctial_a as_o he_o suppose_v yet_o it_o be_v impossible_a that_o it_o shall_v ever_o reach_v the_o pole_n there_o to_o form_v the_o spring_n from_o which_o the_o river_n be_v to_o run_v or_o if_o vapour_n be_v once_o bring_v to_o the_o pole_n by_o whatever_o cause_n we_o can_v imagine_v yet_o it_o be_v impossible_a that_o they_o shall_v ever_o run_v back_o from_o the_o pole_n to_o the_o aequator_fw-la since_o according_a to_o he_o the_o earth_n be_v perfect_o smooth_a and_o uniform_a without_o any_o upper_a ground_n from_o whence_o the_o water_n be_v to_o descend_v to_o the_o low_a place_n of_o the_o earth_n 5_o thly_a the_o figure_n of_o the_o earth_n which_o the_o theorist_n right_o affirm_v not_o to_o have_v be_v exact_o spherical_a because_o at_o the_o commencement_n of_o the_o diurnal_a rotation_n it_o be_v fluid_a all_o the_o part_n of_o it_o will_v endeavour_v to_o recede_v from_o the_o axis_n of_o their_o motion_n but_o as_o he_o have_v guess_v that_o it_o do_v settle_v into_o a_o oblong_a spheroidical_a or_o oval_a figure_n on_o no_o other_o account_n that_o i_o know_v of_o but_o because_o he_o think_v such_o a_o one_o will_v best_o answer_v his_o design_n so_o i_o think_v i_o have_v clear_o enough_o demonstrate_v that_o the_o earth_n have_v form_v itself_o into_o a_o quite_o contrary_a figure_n who_o axis_n be_v short_a than_o the_o diameter_n of_o the_o aequator_fw-la and_o i_o have_v prove_v from_o observation_n that_o the_o earth_n be_v real_o of_o such_o a_o figure_n 6_o thly_a the_o cause_v the_o theorist_n have_v assign_v for_o the_o break_n of_o the_o outward_a crust_n which_o he_o affirm_v to_o be_v do_v by_o the_o great_a heat_n of_o the_o sun_n but_o this_o i_o have_v clear_o prove_v to_o be_v a_o cause_n altogether_o insufficient_a for_o such_o a_o effect_n since_o the_o heat_n of_o the_o sun_n can_v never_o reach_v so_o far_o into_o so_o thick_a a_o crust_n as_o to_o be_v great_a enough_o to_o raise_v water_n into_o vapour_n but_o last_o grant_v the_o crust_n to_o have_v be_v break_v and_o to_o have_v fall_v down_o into_o the_o abyss_n yet_o i_o have_v prove_v from_o the_o theorist_n own_o principle_n that_o there_o can_v follow_v no_o universal_a deluge_n there_o be_v not_o so_o much_o water_n in_o the_o abyss_n as_o be_v sufficient_a to_o cover_v the_o face_n of_o the_o whole_a earth_n throughout_o the_o whole_a examination_n i_o have_v observe_v the_o theorist_n advice_n and_o have_v consider_v only_o the_o substance_n of_o the_o theory_n without_o make_v any_o excursion_n upon_o thing_n that_o be_v accidental_a and_o collateral_a which_o as_o he_o say_v do_v not_o destroy_v his_o hypothesis_n these_o be_v the_o main_a foundation_n on_o which_o his_o theory_n be_v build_v and_o since_o i_o have_v prove_v they_o all_o to_o be_v not_o only_o precarious_a but_o impossible_a his_o whole_a hypothesis_n must_v fall_v with_o they_o perhaps_o many_o of_o his_o reader_n will_v be_v sorry_a to_o be_v undeceive_v for_o as_o i_o believe_v never_o any_o book_n be_v full_a of_o error_n and_o mistake_v in_o philosophy_n so_o none_o ever_o abound_v with_o more_o beautiful_a scene_n and_o surprise_a image_n of_o nature_n but_o i_o write_v only_o to_o those_o who_o may_v perhaps_o expect_v to_o find_v a_o true_a philosophy_n in_o it_o they_o who_o read_v it_o as_o a_o ingenious_a romance_n will_v still_o be_v please_v with_o their_o entertainment_n finis_fw-la some_o remarke_n on_o m_n r._n whiston_n theory_n of_o the_o earth_n though_o i_o think_v it_o impossible_a to_o give_v a_o true_a and_o mechanical_a account_n of_o that_o great_a deluge_n of_o water_n which_o once_o overflow_v the_o face_n of_o the_o whole_a earth_n it_o be_v a_o work_n not_o to_o be_v perform_v without_o the_o extraordinary_a contrivance_n of_o the_o divine_a power_n yet_o i_o can_v but_o acknowledge_v that_o mr._n whiston_n the_o ingenious_a author_n of_o this_o new_a theory_n of_o the_o earth_n have_v make_v great_a discovery_n and_o proceed_v on_o more_o philosophical_a principle_n than_o all_o the_o theorist_n before_o he_o have_v do_v in_o his_o theory_n there_o be_v some_o very_a strange_a co-incident_n which_o make_v it_o indeed_o probable_a that_o a_o comet_n at_o the_o time_n of_o the_o deluge_n pass_v by_o the_o earth_n it_o be_v surprise_v to_o observe_v the_o exact_a correspondence_n between_o the_o lunar_a and_o solar_a year_n upon_o the_o supposition_n of_o a_o circular_a orbit_n in_o which_o the_o earth_n move_v before_o the_o deluge_n it_o can_v but_o raise_v admiration_n in_o we_o when_o we_o consider_v that_o the_o earth_n at_o the_o time_n of_o the_o deluge_n be_v in_o its_o perihelion_n which_o will_v be_v the_o necessary_a effect_n of_o a_o comet_n that_o pass_v by_o at_o that_o time_n in_o draw_v it_o from_o a_o circular_a to_o a_o elliptical_a orbit_n this_o together_o with_o the_o consideration_n that_o the_o moon_n be_v exact_o in_o such_o a_o place_n of_o its_o orbit_n at_o that_o time_n as_o equal_o attract_v with_o the_o earth_n when_o the_o comet_n pass_v by_o seem_v to_o be_v a_o very_a convince_a argument_n that_o a_o comet_n real_o come_v very_o near_o and_o pass_v by_o the_o earth_n on_o the_o day_n the_o deluge_n begin_v but_o notwithstanding_o this_o i_o believe_v it_o will_v be_v evident_a by_o the_o follow_a consideration_n that_o a_o comet_n can_v never_o have_v produce_v those_o various_a effect_n that_o mr._n whiston_n have_v attribute_v to_o it_o and_o it_o will_v also_o further_o appear_v that_o the_o deluge_n be_v the_o immediate_a work_n of_o the_o divine_a power_n and_o that_o no_o secondary_a cause_n without_o the_o interposition_n of_o omnipotence_n can_v have_v bring_v such_o a_o effect_n to_o pass_v but_o first_o i_o will_v make_v some_o remark_n on_o the_o origin_n of_o the_o primitive_a earth_n and_o method_n by_o which_o mr._n whiston_n suppose_v it_o be_v form_v mr._n whiston_n first_o hypothesis_n be_v that_o the_o ancient_a chaos_n the_o origin_n of_o our_o earth_n be_v the_o atmosphere_n of_o a_o comet_n but_o this_o supposition_n though_o he_o endeavour_v to_o prove_v it_o by_o several_a argument_n do_v not_o seem_v probable_a for_o the_o reason_n follow_v first_o the_o scripture_n represent_v the_o primitive_a ancient_a chaos_n as_o a_o very_a dark_a and_o obscure_a body_n for_o they_o say_v that_o it_o be_v without_o form_n and_o void_a and_o that_o darkness_n be_v upon_o the_o face_n of_o the_o deep_a this_o will_v further_o appear_v by_o the_o next_o verse_n where_o god_n be_v say_v to_o have_v make_v light_n upon_o the_o first_o day_n of_o the_o creation_n which_o be_v a_o clear_a proof_n that_o there_o be_v none_o before_o that_o time_n but_o that_o the_o whole_a chaos_n be_v original_o a_o dark_a and_o confuse_a heap_n of_o body_n now_o it_o be_v certain_a by_o the_o testimony_n of_o all_o those_o who_o have_v make_v any_o observation_n about_o comet_n that_o their_o atmosphere_n be_v very_o bright_a and_o luminous_a fluid_n through_o which_o the_o beam_n of_o the_o sun_n diffuse_v themselves_o very_o free_o and_o many_o of_o they_o be_v again_o reflect_v back_o to_o we_o and_o indeed_o if_o we_o consider_v their_o pellucidness_n and_o the_o vast_a quantity_n of_o light_n which_o pass_v through_o they_o without_o reflection_n it_o be_v not_o easy_a to_o imagine_v how_o they_o shall_v appear_v so_o lucid_a to_o our_o eye_n nor_o do_v i_o believe_v that_o it_o be_v possible_a to_o find_v among_o all_o the_o pellucid_a body_n of_o our_o earth_n any_o one_o which_o be_v place_v at_o the_o same_o distance_n from_o we_o as_o the_o atmosphere_n of_o comet_n be_v will_v appear_v so_o bright_a or_o reflect_v the_o light_n so_o strong_o as_o they_o do_v for_o it_o be_v easy_a to_o be_v observe_v that_o diaphanous_a body_n be_v not_o so_o luminous_a nor_o do_v they_o reflect_v light_n in_o such_o a_o quantity_n as_o it_o be_v reflect_v from_o opake_v body_n it_o can_v be_v say_v that_o the_o light_n by_o which_o we_o perceive_v a_o comet_n be_v only_o reflect_v from_o the_o top_n of_o its_o atmosphere_n and_o that_o it_o do_v not_o pass_v through_o the_o body_n of_o it_o to_o illuminate_v all_o the_o other_o part_n of_o it_o which_o be_v therefore_o involve_v in_o thick_a darkness_n for_o it_o be_v evident_a that_o light_n pass_v clear_o through_o the_o whole_a body_n of_o the_o atmosphere_n and_o illuminate_v the_o central_a solid_a which_o strong_o reflect_v the_o light_n to_o we_o back_o again_o i_o know_v mr._n whiston_n suppose_v that_o this_o great_a darkness_n mention_v in_o the_o scripture_n proceed_v from_o the_o subside_v of_o the_o vast_a dense_n and_o heavy_a fluid_a or_o large_a abyss_n which_o he_o say_v encompass_v the_o central_a solid_a and_o be_v itself_o cover_v over_o
the_o incredible_a velocity_n with_o which_o these_o vapour_n descend_v which_o mr._n whiston_n calculate_v to_o be_v so_o great_a that_o they_o descend_v eight_o hundred_o and_o sixty_o eight_o mile_n in_o a_o minute_n and_o the_o great_a resistance_n they_o meet_v with_o in_o their_o descent_n through_o the_o air_n and_o the_o force_n by_o which_o they_o fall_v on_o the_o ground_n we_o must_v necessary_o acknowledge_v that_o they_o must_v have_v be_v condense_v and_o turn_v into_o water_n by_o such_o a_o resistance_n and_o fall_n for_o it_o be_v certain_a that_o when_o vapour_n fall_v they_o must_v meet_v with_o a_o great_a check_n and_o resistance_n from_o the_o air_n by_o which_o their_o part_n will_v be_v press_v close_o together_o and_o as_o their_o velocity_n increase_v so_o will_v the_o resistance_n and_o their_o density_n till_o at_o last_o their_o part_n come_v to_o be_v as_o close_o unite_v as_o it_o be_v possible_a and_o then_o they_o will_v fall_v in_o the_o form_n of_o water_n thus_o it_o be_v without_o doubt_n when_o it_o rain_v for_o we_o must_v not_o imagine_v that_o rain_n drop_v have_v the_o same_o form_n and_o density_n in_o the_o cloud_n with_o which_o they_o arrive_v at_o the_o ground_n for_o water_n be_v of_o a_o great_a intensive_a gravity_n than_o air_n it_o be_v impossible_a that_o it_o shall_v be_v sustain_v in_o it_o but_o when_o it_o be_v expanded_a into_o vapour_n now_o it_o be_v plain_a by_o observation_n on_o the_o barescope_n that_o whenever_o the_o vapour_n begin_v to_o descend_v the_o air_n be_v light_a than_o it_o be_v before_o it_o therefore_o not_o be_v able_a to_o sustain_v they_o they_o must_v fall_v to_o the_o ground_n but_o in_o their_o way_n they_o meet_v with_o a_o great_a resistance_n and_o check_v from_o the_o air_n and_o so_o must_v necessary_o be_v condense_v and_o fall_v in_o drop_n of_o water_n on_o the_o ground_n and_o since_o the_o resistance_n of_o the_o medium_n be_v always_o as_o the_o square_n of_o the_o velocity_n with_o which_o the_o body_n move_v through_o it_o and_o because_o the_o velocity_n of_o vapour_n which_o fall_v from_o the_o comet_n to_o the_o earth_n must_v have_v be_v according_a to_o mr._n whiston_n some_o thousand_o of_o time_n great_a than_o the_o velocity_n with_o which_o common_a vapour_n or_o rain_n descend_v it_o must_v needs_o follow_v that_o the_o resistance_n the_o vapour_n which_o be_v derive_v from_o the_o comet_n meet_v with_o be_v some_o million_o of_o time_n great_a than_o the_o resistance_n of_o common_a vapour_n when_o it_o descend_v but_o the_o resistance_n of_o common_a vapour_n when_o it_o descend_v be_v great_a enough_o to_o condense_a it_o into_o water_n it_o be_v evident_a therefore_o that_o all_o such_o vapour_n as_o descend_v from_o the_o comet_n must_v have_v be_v of_o necessity_n condense_v into_o water_n long_o before_o they_o ever_o touch_v the_o earth_n see_v then_o they_o descend_v on_o the_o earth_n in_o the_o form_n of_o water_n and_o see_v there_o be_v no_o sufficient_a cause_n that_o can_v immediate_o raise_v and_o mount_v they_o up_o again_o the_o heat_n of_o the_o sun_n not_o be_v great_a enough_o for_o such_o a_o effect_n it_o be_v plain_a that_o they_o can_v never_o rise_v up_o again_o to_o produce_v the_o forty_o day_n rain_v mention_v in_o scripture_n mr._n whiston_n have_v as_o he_o imagine_v explain_v the_o great_a rain_n which_o fall_v on_o the_o earth_n at_o the_o time_n of_o the_o deluge_n do_v in_o the_o next_o place_n proceed_v to_o show_v how_o the_o water_n of_o the_o abyss_n be_v force_v up_o to_o the_o surface_n of_o the_o earth_n and_o become_v a_o great_a cause_n of_o the_o universal_a flood_n this_o he_o suppose_v to_o be_v perform_v by_o the_o vast_a quantity_n of_o water_n that_o have_v descend_v from_o the_o comet_n which_o he_o say_v be_v of_o a_o prodigious_a weight_n will_v press_v the_o crust_n of_o the_o earth_n downward_o with_o a_o mighty_a force_n and_o endeavour_v to_o sink_v it_o deep_o into_o the_o abyss_n by_o this_o pressure_n the_o water_n of_o the_o abyss_n will_v be_v force_v upward_o through_o the_o crack_n and_o fissure_v new_o make_v by_o the_o violence_n of_o the_o tide_n on_o the_o surface_n of_o the_o earth_n he_o endeavour_v to_o illustrate_v this_o method_n of_o operation_n by_o the_o example_n of_o a_o stone_n or_o marble_n cylinder_n exact_o fit_v to_o a_o hollow_a cylindrical_a vessel_n that_o it_o may_v just_o ascend_v or_o descend_v free_o within_o it_o he_o suppose_v the_o stone_n cylinder_n to_o have_v hole_n bore_v in_o it_o quite_o through_o parallel_n to_o its_o axis_n and_o let_v down_o in_o the_o hollow_a cylinder_n which_o be_v half_a full_a of_o water_n till_o it_o touch_v the_o water_n then_o if_o each_o of_o the_o hole_n be_v fill_v with_o oil_n or_o some_o other_o fluid_a light_a than_o water_n he_o say_v that_o the_o weight_n of_o the_o cylinder_n press_v on_o the_o water_n will_v squeeze_v the_o oil_n on_o its_o surface_n through_o the_o hole_n and_o throw_v it_o out_o with_o some_o violence_n and_o this_o will_v be_v a_o just_a representation_n of_o the_o deluge_n there_o be_v but_o one_o possible_a case_n wherein_o the_o pressure_n of_o the_o water_n can_v sink_v the_o crust_n deep_o into_o the_o abyss_n and_o that_o be_v if_o the_o water_n which_o lay_v on_o the_o surface_n can_v not_o descend_v through_o the_o crack_n and_o fissure_v of_o the_o earth_n and_o though_o i_o can_v see_v nothing_o that_o can_v hinder_v they_o from_o descend_v yet_o if_o i_o shall_v suppose_v that_o they_o do_v not_o i_o can_v evident_o prove_v by_o calculation_n that_o such_o a_o pressure_n can_v never_o raise_v the_o abyss_n above_o the_o surface_n of_o the_o crust_n to_o demonstrate_v this_o i_o assume_v the_o height_n of_o the_o water_n which_o be_v derive_v from_o the_o comet_n to_o have_v be_v a_o ten_o part_n of_o the_o thickness_n of_o the_o whole_a crust_n though_o doubtless_o this_o be_v much_o great_a than_o in_o reality_n it_o can_v be_v allow_v to_o have_v be_v and_o because_o according_a to_o mr._n whiston_n the_o column_n of_o which_o the_o crust_n be_v compose_v be_v about_o four_o time_n heavy_a than_o common_a water_n it_o follow_v that_o a_o column_n of_o the_o same_o specific_a gravity_n with_o the_o rest_n of_o the_o crust_n who_o base_a be_v equal_a to_o the_o base_a of_o the_o incumbent_a column_n of_o water_n and_o one_o four_o part_n of_o its_o height_n will_v weigh_v as_o much_o or_o press_v the_o crust_n as_o much_o downward_o as_o the_o whole_a column_n of_o water_n can_v do_v but_o the_o height_n of_o the_o water_n be_v a_o ten_o part_n of_o the_o depth_n of_o the_o whole_a crust_n the_o height_n of_o the_o additional_a column_n that_o weigh_v as_o much_o as_o the_o water_n must_v be_v a_o forty_o part_n of_o the_o depth_n of_o the_o crust_n from_o hence_o it_o follow_v that_o the_o height_n or_o thickness_n of_o the_o crust_n before_o the_o additional_a column_n be_v lay_v on_o be_v to_o its_o thickness_n after_o the_o additional_a column_n be_v lay_v on_o as_o 40_o be_v to_o 41._o the_o whole_a problem_n than_o be_v plain_o reduce_v to_o this_o have_v two_o cylinder_n or_o column_n of_o the_o same_o intensive_a gravity_n but_o of_o different_a height_n that_o swim_v in_o any_o fluid_fw-la to_o find_v what_o proportion_n the_o part_n or_o height_n immerge_v bear_v to_o one_o another_o by_o a_o know_a proposition_n in_o hydrostaticks_n the_o part_n immerge_v of_o each_o cylinder_n bear_v the_o same_o proportion_n to_o the_o whole_a cylinder_n that_o the_o intensive_a gravity_n of_o the_o cylinder_n bear_n to_o the_o intensive_a gravity_n of_o the_o fluid_a from_o thence_o it_o be_v evident_a that_o the_o part_n immerge_v have_v the_o same_o proportion_n that_o their_o respective_a whole_a cylinder_n have_v to_o one_o another_o which_o in_o the_o present_a case_n be_v as_o forty_o to_o forty_o one_o by_o this_o it_o be_v clear_a that_o the_o additional_a weight_n of_o the_o incumbent_a water_n will_v not_o sink_v the_o crust_n above_o one_o forty_o part_n deep_o into_o the_o abyss_n than_o it_o be_v before_o and_o therefore_o it_o can_v never_o rise_v by_o such_o a_o pressure_n so_o high_a as_o the_o surface_n of_o the_o earth_n but_o if_o we_o shall_v suppose_v that_o the_o pressure_n on_o the_o crust_n shall_v be_v so_o great_a as_o to_o press_v the_o abyss_n upward_o and_o the_o water_n in_o it_o to_o the_o surface_n of_o the_o earth_n it_o be_v certain_a that_o in_o such_o a_o case_n when_o the_o water_n in_o the_o abyss_n have_v ascend_v to_o the_o surface_n there_o must_v be_v a_o communication_n between_o the_o abyss_n and_o it_o by_o this_o communication_n the_o water_n on_o the_o surface_n must_v necessary_o descend_v and_o lie_v immediate_o on_o
the_o abyss_n and_o so_o the_o case_n will_v be_v reduce_v to_o the_o former_a one_o where_o the_o water_n be_v suppose_v to_o press_v immediate_o on_o the_o fluid_a in_o the_o abyss_n by_o which_o pressure_n the_o crust_n will_v be_v so_o far_o from_o sink_v deep_o that_o it_o will_v be_v raise_v to_o a_o great_a height_n as_o i_o have_v show_v before_o from_o all_o this_o it_o be_v demonstrative_o evident_a that_o by_o no_o sort_n of_o pressure_n of_o the_o incumbent_n fluid_a the_o abyss_n can_v be_v force_v upward_o to_o spread_v itself_o on_o the_o surface_n of_o the_o earth_n another_o argument_n which_o may_v be_v urge_v against_o derive_v water_n from_o mr._n whiston_n abyss_n be_v this_o he_o suppose_v the_o abyss_n to_o consist_v of_o a_o very_a dense_a fluid_a who_o intensive_a gravity_n be_v great_a than_o the_o gravity_n of_o the_o crust_n which_o subside_v into_o it_o but_o this_o crust_n be_v three_o or_o four_o time_n heavy_a than_o water_n it_o must_v be_v immediate_o contiguous_a to_o the_o abyss_n so_o that_o there_o can_v be_v no_o room_n for_o any_o considerable_a quantity_n of_o water_n to_o lie_v between_o they_o and_o therefore_o it_o be_v plain_a that_o whatever_o water_n be_v raise_v from_o the_o abyss_n must_v be_v only_o on_o the_o crack_n and_o fissure_v of_o the_o earth_n but_o mr._n whiston_n suppose_v that_o the_o half_a of_o that_o water_n at_o lest_o which_o be_v necessary_a for_o the_o deluge_n be_v derive_v from_o the_o abyss_n that_o be_v as_o i_o shall_v hereafter_o prove_v there_o must_v have_v be_v eleven_o time_n more_o water_n derive_v from_o the_o abyss_n than_o there_o be_v in_o the_o whole_a ocean_n which_o be_v a_o prodigious_a great_a quantity_n than_o the_o crack_n and_o fissure_v can_v be_v suppose_v able_a to_o contain_v perhaps_o mr._n whiston_n will_v grant_v that_o the_o great_a part_n of_o what_o be_v draw_v from_o the_o abyss_n be_v not_o pure_a water_n but_o that_o dense_a and_o heavy_a fluid_a on_o which_o the_o crust_n subside_v but_o if_o it_o be_v so_o it_o be_v certain_a that_o such_o a_o fluid_a be_v heavy_a than_o water_n must_v have_v take_v its_o place_n next_o to_o the_o surface_n of_o the_o earth_n and_o have_v fill_v up_o all_o the_o pit_n hole_n and_o valley_n that_o be_v on_o the_o earth_n nay_o it_o will_v have_v drive_v the_o sea_n out_o of_o its_o channel_n and_o will_v have_v complete_o fill_v its_o place_n where_o it_o will_v have_v remain_v to_o this_o day_n it_o be_v most_o evident_a that_o if_o such_o a_o thing_n have_v happen_v there_o will_v have_v be_v vast_a quantity_n of_o that_o dense_a and_o heavy_a fluid_a still_o abide_v on_o the_o surface_n of_o the_o earth_n and_o in_o pit_n and_o hole_n there_o be_v nothing_o to_o drive_v it_o from_o thence_o into_o the_o fissure_v again_o but_o yet_o it_o be_v evident_a from_o observation_n that_o there_o be_v not_o any_o such_o thing_n in_o nature_n to_o be_v see_v and_o that_o there_o be_v no_o where_o to_o be_v find_v any_o quantity_n of_o such_o a_o dense_n and_o heavy_a fluid_a which_o mr._n whiston_n suppose_v cover_v the_o earth_n at_o the_o time_n of_o the_o deluge_n there_o be_v only_o a_o little_a quicksilver_n which_o be_v find_v in_o some_o mine_n in_o the_o very_a bowel_n of_o the_o earth_n but_o the_o quantity_n of_o it_o be_v so_o small_a and_o inconsiderable_a that_o we_o can_v possible_o suppose_v it_o to_o be_v the_o remain_v of_o the_o fluid_a in_o the_o abyss_n for_o if_o ever_o there_o have_v be_v any_o such_o fluid_a on_o the_o surface_n of_o the_o earth_n there_o must_v have_v certain_o remain_v great_a quantity_n of_o it_o to_o this_o day_n since_o as_o i_o have_v observe_v before_o the_o very_a sea_n must_v have_v be_v full_a of_o it_o i_o free_o acknowledge_v mr._n whiston_n hypothesis_n about_o shell_n bone_n tooth_n and_o other_o exuviae_fw-la of_o land_n and_o sea_n animal_n find_v and_o dig_v out_o of_o the_o bowel_n of_o the_o earth_n to_o be_v very_o ingenious_a and_o more_o philosophical_a than_o any_o other_o hypothesis_n that_o i_o have_v yet_o see_v so_o that_o to_o i_o it_o seem_v indeed_o probable_a that_o the_o water_n which_o make_v the_o deluge_n from_o whence_o soever_o it_o be_v derive_v have_v in_o it_o much_o mud_n and_o earthy_a matter_n which_o after_o the_o water_n be_v go_v off_o settle_v on_o the_o surface_n of_o the_o old_a earth_n and_o become_v a_o new_a crust_n in_o which_o these_o shell_n tooth_n and_o bone_n subside_v this_o hypothesis_n i_o think_v do_v very_o natural_o explain_v all_o the_o phaenomena_n dr._n woodward_n mention_n in_o his_o theory_n and_o on_o that_o account_n it_o may_v be_v easy_o admit_v as_o a_o true_a one_o i_o come_v now_o to_o consider_v mr._n whiston_n way_n by_o which_o he_o suppose_v all_o the_o water_n that_o be_v necessary_a for_o the_o deluge_n be_v draw_v off_o the_o earth_n he_o imagine_v this_o to_o be_v perform_v partly_o by_o a_o wind_n which_o dry_v up_o some_o and_o partly_o by_o the_o descent_n of_o the_o water_n through_o the_o crack_n and_o fissure_v of_o the_o earth_n to_o which_o the_o wind_n by_o hurry_v the_o water_n up_o and_o down_o will_v be_v very_o sufficient_a before_o i_o examine_v these_o cause_n it_o be_v fit_a that_o i_o shall_v make_v a_o estimate_n of_o the_o quantity_n of_o water_n that_o will_v be_v necessary_a to_o cover_v the_o whole_a earth_n above_o the_o top_n of_o the_o high_a mountain_n dr._n burnet_n in_o his_o theory_n of_o the_o earth_n reckon_v it_o to_o be_v about_o eight_o ocean_n of_o water_n suppose_v the_o surface_n of_o the_o sea_n to_o be_v equal_a to_o the_o land_n and_o to_o be_v every_o where_o a_o quarter_n of_o a_o mile_n deep_a take_v one_o place_n with_o another_o but_o on_o the_o same_o supposition_n i_o believe_v i_o can_v more_o exact_o determine_v it_o to_o be_v near_o three_o time_n as_o much_o i_o must_v here_o assume_v that_o the_o height_n of_o the_o high_a mountain_n above_o the_o level_n of_o the_o ocean_n be_v above_o three_o mile_n perpendicular_a height_n i_o know_v varenius_n in_o his_o geographia_fw-la generalis_fw-la calculate_v the_o height_n of_o the_o pico_n in_o the_o island_n of_o tenerife_n to_o be_v one_o german_a mile_n or_o above_o four_o english_a mile_n in_o height_n and_o though_o i_o be_o incline_v to_o believe_v that_o its_o height_n be_v yet_o great_a than_o varenius_n make_v it_o for_o he_o seem_v to_o allow_v too_o much_o both_o for_o refraction_n and_o error_n in_o the_o observation_n yet_o because_o three_o miles_n be_v the_o height_n mr._n whiston_n seem_v to_o allow_v the_o water_n at_o the_o deluge_n i_o will_v suppose_v the_o hill_n no_o high_o and_o from_o thence_o i_o will_v calculate_v what_o water_n will_v be_v necessary_a to_o make_v a_o universal_a deluge_n it_o be_v evident_a upon_o such_o a_o supposition_n that_o the_o water_n must_v be_v raise_v beyond_o three_o mile_n perpendicular_a height_n that_o they_o may_v be_v as_o high_a as_o the_o top_n of_o 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