Selected quad for the lemma: cause_n

Word A	Word B	Word C	Word D	Occurrence	Frequency Band	MI	MI Band	Prominent
cause_n	air_n	earth_n	water_n	1,982	5	6.3897	4	true

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ID	Title	Author	Corrected Date of Publication (TCP Date of Publication)	STC	Words	Pages
A05049	A most excellent and learned vvoorke of chirurgerie, called Chirurgia parua Lanfranci Lanfranke of Mylayne his briefe: reduced from dyuers translations to our vulgar or vsuall frase, and now first published in the Englyshe prynte by Iohn Halle chirurgien. Who hath thervnto necessarily annexed. A table, as wel of the names of diseases and simples with their vertues, as also of all other termes of the arte opened. ... And in the ende a compendious worke of anatomie ... An historiall expostulation also against the beastly abusers, both of chyrurgerie and phisicke in our tyme: with a goodly doctrine, and instruction, necessary to be marked and folowed of all true chirurgie[n]s. All these faithfully gathered, and diligently set forth, by the sayde Iohn Halle.; Chirurgia parva. English	Lanfranco, of Milan, 13th cent.; Hall, John, b. 1529 or 30.	1565 (1565)	STC 15192; ESTC S109324	283,008	454

or turnynge ioynte of the necke is called in latine Ceruix and the foreparte of the necke whych reacheth from the face to the beginnyng of the breast or canell bones is called Collum the throte is called Gula the shoulders are called Humeri the vpper parte of the shoulder is lugulum and the shoulder blades Scapulae The vpper parte of the arme continuinge the lengthe of the adiutorye bone from the shoulder to the elbow is called Brachlum the boughte of the arme Gibber the elbowe Cubitus ▪ The part betwene the elbow the wrest which we call in English the cubite is called in latine Vlna the wrest Carpus the hands Martus the palme of the hand Palma the thumbe is called in latine Pollex the forefinger Index the middle finger Medius the ring fynger whych is also called the wedding finger is called Medicus the litle finger or ear fīger is called ●uricularis The arme holes are called in latine Axillae the breast Pectus the sides Latera the pappes or dugges Māmae the nepples or tetes Papillae the back Dorsum the nether parts wher of next vnto the hippes are called in latine Lumbi in greke Lagone in Englishe the loynes The bellye is called Venter the nether parte thereof Imus Venter the nauell Vmbilicus and the side betwene the bellye and the back vnder the ribbes is called Hypochondria which we may call in Englishe the waste The grinde or share is called Pubes betwene the whyche are sette the priuye members vnder the bothome of the bely whiche some call the genitales wherof that part which we call the yarde is called in latine Virga ▪ or Caulis the fleshye head wherof is called Glans and the skin couerynge the same Praeputium the coddes or balock purs Scrotum and the stones Testiculi The buttockes are called Nates the fundament Anus the hippes Coxendices the thighe Femur the knee Genu the hammes Poplites the shinnes Tibiae and the caulfe of the legge Sura Then folowe the feete whyche are set vnder the legges as the handes are vnder the armes and they are called in latine Pedes the sides wherof which we call in English ancles are called in latine Malleoli and the hinder part whych we cal the hele is named Calx or Calcaneus The holow of the foote is called Planta the treading place is named Vestigiū then procede there forth the toes as in the handes there do fingers which bothe are called in latine Digiti the toes being called Digiti Pedis And as wel on the toes as on the fingers are nailes growing which are called in latin Vngues Thus to the honor and glory of God that so wonderfully hath wroughte in natnre I haue shewed suche thinges as in the bodye of man is to be considered in order of Anatomye as farre as my simple knowledge was then able to collecte partly as I haue obserued by experience and partly as I could gather of good authores euen suche auncient wryters as in this worke I haue by occasion aleaged and also some newe wryters of Anatomy of oure time as Vesalius Carolus Stephanus c. as wel of the inwarde as of the outwarde partes that yong studentes maye haue therof some profite as I my self haue learned and profited in gathering of the same Desiering all those to whōe any thing herein wrytten shall seme vnperfect grosse or vntrue that of their gentlenesse they wil bestowe their laboure and sette forthe the frutes of their good and laudable studies in amendyng that to them shal seme amysse euen as I haue bene to shew my good wil in doing of this briefe and symple thyng and wil also be most glad at their handes to receaue wyth condinge thankes and laud suche learning as may amend my fault or redresse mine error that the truthe maye also in these thinges be published to the contentation of all gētle wel willing mindes wherat some mighte seme astoned through the variety of opinion in wryters whych neuerthelesse shot al at one marke for the most part and vtter their sētences the seme so variable to one end purpose if they be in differentlye wayed and vnderstande though yet euery one sawe not all no not the moste autentike That is to saye that by the knowledge of the situation of all members in the bodye there maye be a safe and cunning workynge in Chirurgery vpon the bodye of man to auoyde error and offence For the whyche cause I haue in thys worke rather vsed that order then to be precise in numbers or curiouse in names The Conclusyon of the whole worke NOw to conclude this general and third treatise and so of thys whole worke confessynge mine imbesility and want of perfection thus muche I saye that the bodye of man wherof we haue brieflye treated is as all other creatures are made and compacte of the foure Elementes That is to saye Fyre Aire Water and Earthe As their verye properties maye be perceiued in the foure humores in manne namelye bloude Phlegme Choler and melancholye For the whyche cause the sayde .iiii. humores are called of the learned sort the sonnes of elementes For as the fire is hot and drye so is choler and as the ayre is hotte and moyste so is bloude as the water is colde and moyste so is Phlegme and as the earthe is colde and drye so is melancholye And of those foure humores are the foure complexions named as Sanguine Cholericke Phlegmatike and Melancholike Yet not wythstanding we call no man so because he is made of one onlye elemente or that he is indued wyth one onlye humore But contrarye as I sayde before euerye person is made of foure elementes and hathe in hym foure humores but not euerye man in a lyke temperature And that is the cause that one man is named of one humore and an other of an other As when bloude excedeth or surmounteth in anye bodye the rest of the humores that person is called a Sanguine man not because he is all of bloude but because bloude beareth in the bodye moste domination And so likewyse it is to be vnderstand of all the other three to be called of choler cholerike of Phlegme Phlegmatike of Melancholye Melancholike And also I vnderstande that in the complexions is a deuision of nyne temperamentes of the whyche fyrste there be .iiii. symple That is to saye hotte colde drye and moyste whereof there are two actiues that is to say workers and the other two bene passiues that is to saye sufferers And brieflye to saye hotnesse and coldnesse be actiues drinesse and moystnesse be passiues And by the combination or bindinge together of two of the aforesayde foure the one alwayes beinge actiue the other passiue are the other foure made that is to saye the compounde complexions as hot and moyste colde and moyste hotte and drye colde and dry The ninthe whyche differeth from all these is the verye true temperamente

uiuum uel ignis non exexpers is taken out of the veyne without any boylyng The other 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 id est igne incoctum that is boiled sulfur The best Sulfur uiuum ought by Dioscorides to be fattye greene not stony but bright and shyninge lyke the glowe worme Euery Sulfur sayeth Galen hath drawyng power is whotte of temperament of nature discussiue also swiftly concoctiue and of so subtile essens that it layde to resisteth the peryls of many venemous woundes and is a medicine approued to heale scabbes leprosies scuruines itche Syncope 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 Id est animi deliquium uel praeseps uirium lapsus that is the defecte of the mynde or a sodeine slyding away of the strengthe of the body and commonly called swoundynge and is caused dyuersly Somtyme of euel sharpe iuyce or of raw humores about the mouth of the stomache of vnmesurable bledyng swetyng fluxe of the belly great peyne vehemēt mouing immoderate watche or emptines of teror also and feare and of suche lyke perturbations of the mynde and conuersation in stynkyng ayre Whose sygnes are rare and obscure pulse coldnes of the extreme partes sweat of the face the skynne of the same losynge his bewtie and almoste a resolution of the whole body which must be cured as variably as the causes efficient are dyuerse Howe be it the paroxisme presente is after the mynde of the learned led by reason and knowledge Thus to be succurred First throw into his face violently rose water with vineger or cold fountayne water wherby the astonied spirites maye be reuyued And that in Sommer a burnynge feuer or the cause whotte The extreame partes ought also in eruptions to be bounde And rubbe the legges if the eruption issue aboue the armes if beneathe But principally and with spede are the nosethrilles and the mouthe to be stopped and as some wyll also the eares That the ayer alreddy drawne in and passinge into the inwarde partes and by and by is ready to issue out So made whotte by often mouyng to fro may goe agayne vnto the harte that by heatyng the same the spirites may be quickned and reuiued And then forthwith is it expedient to reuocate the mynde with thynges odoriferous For nothyng by the testimony of Hypocrates lib. de alimento doth sooner call againe the spirites c. By the whiche and by bowyng moderatly the body I haue often brought again euen such as all men presente haue thought dead And thus much because Lanfranke appointeth thē to be reuiued by the noyses of Trūpettes tympanies Which if they were necessary yet are they instrumētes at so sodeine exigentes to vnredy to call the person loude by his owne name Whiche truly I iudge as vayne and rydiculous or worse as the strokes and buffettes that the rude multitude vse For if it be as by the authoritie of Galen aboue and as we see it is the defecte of the mynde a losse of strengthe and a generall depriuation of sense what can the eares doe more by hearyng then the eyes by seyng Or rather howe can the eares heare more then the eyes see or the handes and other partes of the boby feele But this notwithstanding I denie it not but that the sodeyne noyse of trumpettes or drummes may in the tymes of great incisions and suche like daungerous enterpryses both reteyne and quicken so the spirites not yet loste that swoundyng may therby be euited wherof also I haue had the experience Synochus THose feuers sayeth Galen that haue one only accession or fitte continuyng from the beginnynge to the ende and that many daies are called 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 id est continentes seu continuae whose cause efficient is yelowe choler and is of nature double The one hauyng a manifest putrefaction and is therfore called Synochus putrida and the other vtterly without the same called Synochus non putrida whych is a kynde of diarie feuer and are of Lanfranke and dyuers other for distinction sake called Synochae And because the remission of the fitte is wonte to chance by the transpiration or breathyng out of feruent humores for they neuer breathe out at all in vehement stipations A fytte of many dayes must nedes be made When in suche feuers there is no occasion that may rayse the begynnynge of an other accession It persisteth a feuer both of many daies and of one accession without the inuasion of an other neyther referryng quotidian tertian nor quartan For as much therfor as of these twoo a feuer may be maynteyned both that all the vapor may not passe out and that the same may heate whatsoeuer it toucheth There must nedes be three differences of Synochus For some continue from the begynnyng to the ende of one greatnes and are called in Greke 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 hoc est eodem uigore permanentes Others doe augmente and still adde to somwhat called 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 quasi incrementum suscipientes And some deminishe by litle and litle whiche they call 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 Id est decrescentes Tamar indus ΟΞυφονὶξ is called in Latin Syluestris palma that is the wylde or sower Date tree whose fruite is called of the Arabians Tamar indus and maye bee called in Greeke 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 and of some 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 quasi fructus uel dactilus palmae acetosae uel syluestris Whiche last hath not withstanding some learned aduersaries But their opinion semeth moste false that thynke Tamar indum and Myrobalanon to be all one for Tamar Indus hath a curnell or stone whiche Myrabolani haue not They are sayth Mesues sharpe or sower dates like saith Syluius vnto the sede of Cassia and the fruytes of the wild Indian date tree A medicine excellent and hurtlesse Of the olde aunciēt writers eyther vnknowne or vnder these names vnmensioned colde and drie in the seconde degree After Auerois in the thirde By the whiche reason it represseth the sharpnes of humores purgeth choler and mitigateth the feruoure therof and also of the bloude healeth the iaundies and sharpe continuall feuers It stayeth vomiting quencheth thyrste and euery burnyng of the lyuer and stomache But to colde stomaches it must not be geuē alone The beste Tamar Indi should be freshe fatty syncere and tender in taste sharpe swete of colour blackyshe and shynynge myxed with heares as it weare with certeyne rootes Terebinthina 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 Resma terebinthina is the liquide gūme of the tree Terebinthus among the Greekes called 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 and sometyme 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 The leaues and flowres wherof are drye and bynde and heate in the secōde degree Terebinthin sayth Galen is preferred amōg other gummes hauyng a certeyne adstriction but not so manifest as hath Mastiche But it hath a certein bytternes wherby it digesteth and scoureth

Dislocation or breakynge of bones Dislocatiō called Laxatio is the remouynge of the bone out of hys naturall pla●e Knowe therefore that almighty God whose name be euerlastinglye glorified and praised hath made manye bones in the bodye of manne for diuers necessarye wor●kes and operatyons Wherby necessarilye one member in the body of manne moueth wythoute another Knowe therefore that the coniunction of one bone with another is in a. x. maners One maner is by way of insertion of one wyth another like as two sawes were ioyned together the tethe of the one saw fillinge the voidnesse of the other as doe sometymes caruers of tables and as the bones of the head do ioyn which are .vi.b. An other maner is the appodiation or congregation that is to say the gatheryng together of one bone to another as doe the .vii. bones of the breste The thirde manner is the fixion of one bone into another as are the tethe into the Jawe bones The fourthe maner is the coniunction of one bone wyth another by ligamentes goynge betwene As in the ioynte of the shoulder bone with the ad●utorio and so in all other ioyntes For in that ioyntes is made a coniunction of one bone wyth another by the mediation of a harde bodye insensible and flexible whiche passynge oute of the extremitye of the one bone entereth into the other bindinge the bones together But yet the flexibilitye thereof obeyeth to the lacertes that moue the member so that the member maye be bowed as it is accordante to the same to doe hys conueniente and proper office And as for all other maners of coniunctions of bones there is in them no naturall nor voluntarye mouinges Therfore Dislocations be onlye made in ioyntes Notwithstandynge certaine openinges remouinges diss●uerings or departings maye other while be made in the coniunctions of other bones Seinge then that dislocatiō is made only in ioyntes ▪ Firste ioyne thou bone wyth bene as they were at theyr naturalle begīnnyng And when thou haste so done take a greate linen cloth and wete it in a medicine made de Farina Cicerum Vel Volatica Farin Tritici disteperata cum 〈◊〉 and binde it wyth gentle bondes holdinge the place stedfaste in hys ioynte And doe not as manye doe now a da●es in the time of reduction for they foment the member with warme water whych is moste hurtfulle For thereby the mēber is eff●blished rarified prepared to receyue superfluityes namely apostemation But it thou feare peynes ▪ anoynte the place cum Oleo Rosato calido But if thou weare not wyth him at the beginnynge and that it hathe nowe remayned certain dayes displaced and that so the place be growne to hardnesse the humores also ceasynge their naturalle course Then that the member maye be the better restored it is good that thou fomente the place not wyth whotte water onlye but cum Aqua Calida decoctionis Chamaemeli Fenograeci Seminis Lini Mal●●e Bisimaluae that by these thinges the place maye be the better restored Annotations vppon thys Chapiter a. Wheras Lanfraneus heare speaketh of ● maners of loyninges describeth but. iiii reade for thy larger contētation the first chapyter of my firste treatise of Anatomye where thou shalt learne as wel the names as the formes or all manner of ioyninges of bones b. Because here also he nameth the .vi. bones of the heade to proue thys maner of cōnexion of bones thou ma●ste not gather therof that all those .vi. bones are so ioyned together for that weare false As by readynge the thirde chapiter in the firste parte of the thirde tr●●tite ▪ of my Anotamye thou mayste perceaue Of a Fracture Chapi ii IF anye bone be broken fyrst reduce hym into his place and then wete a lynnen clothe in Oleo Rosato and laye it aboute the member And then lay ouer and about that an other clothe wete in the forsaide medicyne wrytten in the Chapiter of Dislocation And vppon that clothe laye smalle boulsters of towe wete in Album●●e oui and ouer that towe binde splintes wyth cordes And see that the splintes be made accordinge to the figure and quantitye of the member bindinge it so that it remoue not least the remouynge of the member hinder the restoration lettinge it not to be opened vntill the .x. daye excepte one of these .iii. thynges folowing constreigne thee to open it That is to wete muche payne caused throughe harde bindynge or by the course of humores gatheryng to an aposteme or great Itch. If paine and ache or the fluxe of humores be the cause vnbinde it and anoynte the place cum Oleo Rosato and lette hym bloude on the contrary syde And restreigne the patientes diete taryinge so till the fluxe of humores be ceased and then binde it vp agayn But if Itche be the cause then vnbinde it and washe it wyth warme water then binde it vp agayne Lettyng it so continue till it be consounded I wyll also wryte amonge other consolidatiue medicynes in the antidotarye a medicine that is beste in Fractures and in Dislocations But note thys that in euerye worcke of Chirurgerye it is nedefulle and necessarie that then indeuoure thy selfe to worke aboue and beyond that whiche thou findest wrytten in bokes and especiallye in Algebra For euerye science that dependeth vpon workyng by the hand is muche fortified by experiment and practise An Annotation vpon the. ii Chapiter of the thirde parte ‡ Ba●●e Viscose are the woordes of Lanfranke aboute the whiche I was somewhat troubled for Ba●●e is a worde out of vse amonge the learned and therfore not to a fewe of them vnknowne Howe be it I thinkinge because Lanfrancus was of Milayne that it myghte perhappes be some Italian worde thoughte good to conferre the same with some learned Italians of whome I receiued thys interpretacion Ba●●e say they is the dr●uling spitlle of suckynge children And therefore haue I englished Ba●●e Viscose slimy spittle whyche thoughe I thoughte I myghte safely so doe ye● doe I willinglye abide the censures of the learned ¶ The fifthe parte of thys woorke ensueth conteining .viii. Chapiters and treateth of the diseases of the eyes Of the Composition of the eyes and the diseases of the same The fyrste Chapiter THERE is no disease in anye officialle member of the body so hardly knowne of the Chirurgien as are the diseases of the eyes And that for the subtiltye of artes composition in them For the eye is meruailouslye composed of .iii. humores and .vii. coates Whiche all doe serue to the composition therof and are bodies moste subtille and to syghte as it weare incomprehensible but by vnderstandinge they are verye well comprehended wyth also their composition and vtilities Unto the eies thus noblye composed doe come certeine veynes bringinge to them theyr nurishment and also arteries bringinge life vnto them bothe so smalle and fyne that they are to the sight almoste insensible And from the firste coniugation

the time of ●uba and was called by that name as saith Ruellius of his Phisicien It hath a vehemente whotte and burninge facultye and profiteth verye muche againste the Spasme caused by the pricking of tendones But for that oughte it not to be vsed to newe which is of colour cleare whyte for the vehemente heate therof ▪ Neyther to olde which then wareth yelow or pale because it is numbred among suche symples as doe soone lose theyr heat and vertues And yet continueth it .vi. yeres Eunuchus A man is called 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 idest Castratus when he is gelded and therthrough becommeth foggy or fatte Excoriatio Excoriation is a taking off the skin by ●●aing or blistering which commeth of Excorio to flea or take away the skyn Exitura Goe to Apostema Faba CAlled in Greke 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 coleth drieth meanelye Yet hathe the meale therof some abstertion as also the hulles haue not a litle adstringente facultye To be eaten they are flatulēt though they be neuer so muche sodden harde to be concocted and cause spittinges out of the brest lunges but they nurish much In medicynes outwardlye they drye vnhurtfullye and beinge boyled in water were often vsed of Galen cum adipi suillo to the goutes of the fete The meale is incarnatyue and is put to bruses and in wounds of sinewes cum Oxi●●ilite and to inflammations cum Polenta And is in Cataplasmatis moste apte for swellinges of the pappes and stones And although many learned men by diuers reasōs which I omitte moued of late doe doubte whether oure Beane maye be taken for Faba or for Phasiolo or otherwyse howe Yet nede no man doubt in my iudgement that Lanfranke as well as many other wryters bothe before him and long tyme since haue for Faba vnderstanded the Beane Fabaria THat whiche the Italians calle Fabariam is thought of some to be Telephium and called of others Cymbalion but neyther of bothe trulye The later wryters calle it Crassulam maiorem Licobus Manlius wyth dyuers other Fabam grossam we and also the French men cal it Orpin and aunciently Lempke whervnto some haue added as a kind therof the herbe that D. Turner thinketh to be Caepea of Dioscorides calling it Fabaria minor or Fabaria aquatica and englishly brooke Lempke But Crassula minor is by the commō consente of almoste all the learned that kinde of stone croppe that groweth commōly vpon stone walles or houses as Sedum dothe hauinge round blunte leaues like puddinges or litle wormes ful of iuyce called also of the forme aforsayde Ver●icularis in Englishe Wormegrasse wherof more at Semper Viuum The later wryters for the olde make therof no mencion doe praise theyr Crassulam maiorem for the greate efficacy that it hathe incurynge woundes in stoppynge of bloude chieflye for inwarde woundes and vlcers and for the mernailous profit it geueth in healinge ruptures Farina Volatica THe flyinge meale of the mylle commonly called mill stuffe beinge not one but the meale commonlye of manye graynes together muste nedes possesse suche facultyes as the composition maketh As wheat is of temperament whot in the firste degre but neither moisteth nor drieth manifestly And barlye cold and drye in the first degree Yet dothe wheat flower manifestly moiste as also Barly meale dothe somewhat more then the grayne thoughe Polenta doe drye muche more But Farina Volatica is commonly colde and drye of complexion and therfore is conueniently put into restrictiues and consolidatiues Felles auium CHoler naturalle or the gaule called in Latyne Fel and Bilis in Greke 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 Is of all iuyces in euery liuing thinge the whottest Whose heate is yet variable according to the creatures theyr temperamentes For as the gaule of the Hogge is of al other beasts the coldest so is the gaule of the shepe of the gote of the Bull. c. euery one in theyr degrees whotter But the gaules of fowles which only Lanfranke hath are bothe sharper and dryer then of .iiii. foted beastes Of the whyche also the galles of Hennes and Pertriches are moste alowed in medicynes The gaules of the Rite of the Egle and suche like are 〈◊〉 dinge sharpe and bitinge yea of a grene col●●es and somtime s●●rte And therfore Galen doth warne the same that Lanfranke neglecteth not That is to put vnto any of them the iuyce of Fenell Mel and Opobalsamum whensoeuer you vse them to the eyes Fermentum CAlled in Greke 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 is meanlye whot consistinge of subtille partes coparcioner of a certaine colde sharpnesse and also of heate sprunge of putrefaction and hathe in common bothe the nature of salte and meale Wherfore leuen especially if it be olde draweth from the depthe grosse spirites and superfluous humores and dygesteth them But what nedeth here thus much when Lanfranke hathe so 〈◊〉 spoken therof in hys antidotarye Ficus THe Figge and also the tree is called in Greeke 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 The drye Figges haue a certaine subtiltye and doe heate in the firste degre or in the beginnynge of the seconde wherfore as well they as theyr decoction doe concocte and digest hard swellinges But where concoction is chiefly required they ought to be 〈◊〉 with 〈◊〉 And where rather digestion Hor●●acea Fatte fygges haue the more concoctiue power and soure Figges doe bothe scoure more and digest Grene fygges are weaker yet doe bothe the moyst which hurt the stomache the dry purge the belly But the fluxe by them moued is 〈◊〉 stayed Fistula FIstula saythe Galen in his boke of tumores against nature Sinus est angustus longus c. A fistule is a streyght and long bosome like to other bosomes whyche is muche drawen together and after also agayne opened That caue or holowe roome in the fleshe which I haue Englished a bosome is there also of Galen thus defyned When rotten mater dothe excoriate bodyes and deuyde the conteniynge from the conteined or subiect● And farther it beinge emptyed howe so euer the partes d●●●dente one from an other can not recouer their pristinate constitution thys affecte is called Sinus Whiche if it be not with spede cured dothe gather to it selfe Callum and in tyme be commeth harde and then can not be adglued to his partes subiecte c. And then doubtlesse it is no longer Sinus but Fistula Flammula FLammula is one of the kindes of Ranuculus wherof ther are very manye as are also the herbes called of Lanfranke and others Apium risus and Apium Haemorrhoidīt and also Pes milui as aboue vnder Apium and hathe so exceding burninge and blisteringe powre as haue also all the rest that it exulcerateth the e●●raelles but chiefly the ly●er and therfore is moste pernicious for sheepe and other beastes feedinge theron It is called also of some Lanccola and in Englyshe speare worke for that the leaues therof haue the