Selected quad for the lemma: cause_n

Word A	Word B	Word C	Word D	Occurrence	Frequency Band	MI	MI Band	Prominent
cause_n	air_n	cold_a	water_n	1,470	5	6.6658	4	false

Text snippets containing the quad

ID	Title	Author	Corrected Date of Publication (TCP Date of Publication)	STC	Words	Pages
A93046	The history of the propagation & improvement of vegetables by the concurrence of art and nature: shewing the several ways for the propagation of plants usually cultivated in England, as they are increased by seed, off-sets, suckers, truncheons, cuttings, slips, laying, circumposition, the several ways of graftings and inoculations; as likewise the methods for improvement and best culture of field, orchard, and garden plants, the means used for remedy of annoyances incident to them; with the effect of nature, and her manner of working upon the several endeavors and operations of the artist. Written according to observations made from experience and practice: / by Robert Sharrock, Fellow of New Colledge.	Sharrock, Robert, 1630-1684.	1659 (1659)	Wing S3010; Thomason E1731_2; ESTC R200918	91,082	174

a_o true_a and_o perfect_a plant_n i_o must_v say_v that_o i_o have_v find_v it_o so_o to_o be_v even_o more_o than_o a_o egg_n a_o live_a thing_n and_o immediate_o nourishable_a it_o have_v root_n to_o grow_v body_z to_o bear_v the_o port_n of_o the_o plant_n bark_v to_o direct_v the_o sap_n into_o all_o its_o part_n and_o germane_a or_o bud_n to_o secure_v the_o mean_n of_o future_a growth_n and_o to_o boot_n leave_v which_o be_v all_o and_o somewhat_o more_o than_o in_o the_o winter_n the_o sturdy_a oak_n can_v boast_v of_o it_o have_v be_v account_v a_o interest_n in_o philosophy_n heretofore_o and_o that_o in_o our_o school_n that_o seed_n shall_v not_o be_v esteem_v a_o actual_a and_o formal_a plant_n because_o of_o divers_a absurdity_n that_o if_o seed_n be_v animal_n will_v happen_v in_o their_o school_n doctrine_n as_o that_o there_o will_v be_v plurality_n of_o form_n in_o the_o same_o tree_n the_o soul_n may_v be_v divisible_a into_o part_n the_o same_o thing_n may_v be_v agent_n and_o patient_a nay_o some_o have_v say_v that_o it_o may_v be_v of_o dangerous_a consequence_n in_o divinity_n if_o it_o be_v grant_v that_o seed_n have_v the_o actual_a form_n and_o essence_n of_o that_o thing_n who_o seed_n they_o be_v i_o be_o glad_a it_o be_v no_o heresy_n now_o to_o appeal_v to_o sense_n from_o a_o doctor_n opinion_n and_o that_o i_o may_v free_o in_o this_o matter_n require_v to_o be_v try_v by_o my_o garden_n though_o it_o be_v against_o the_o sentence_n and_o judgement_n of_o the_o doctor_n conimbra_fw-mi suarez_n ruvio_n pererius_n bonamicue_n fonseca_n and_o that_o we_o begin_v to_o lay_v aside_o the_o fear_n that_o from_o a_o certain_a truth_n ill_a consequence_n may_v arise_v that_o canon_n will_v certain_o hold_v long_a which_o be_v best_a build_v in_o the_o bottom_n it_o be_v conceive_v by_o some_o that_o the_o immediate_a cause_n of_o the_o growth_n of_o the_o seed_n be_v the_o spirit_n work_v upon_o the_o salt_n and_o sulphur_n earth_n and_o other_o constituent_a part_n or_o element_n of_o the_o seed_n for_o the_o spirit_n be_v suppose_v to_o be_v make_v volatile_a by_o the_o heat_n of_o the_o earth_n and_o water_n which_o in_o spring_n and_o autumn_n the_o chief_a time_n of_o germination_n be_v of_o a_o proper_a temperature_n for_o formentation_n and_o then_o the_o spirit_n be_v so_o volatize_v and_o rise_v up_o and_o expand_v itself_o every_o way_n augment_v the_o whole_a plant_n and_o distend_v the_o side_n of_o the_o seed_n whereby_o the_o growth_n of_o the_o seed_n plant_n be_v effect_v but_o how_o it_o come_v to_o pass_v that_o the_o conveyance_n of_o these_o expanded_a particle_n be_v order_v to_o proceed_v according_a to_o the_o lineament_n of_o each_o vegetable_a no_o person_n to_o my_o knowledge_n have_v yet_o make_v any_o conceit_n and_o it_o be_v beyond_o any_o ocular_a discovery_n of_o the_o most_o acute_a searcher_n to_o find_v out_o the_o conduit_n or_o trunk_n serve_v to_o so_o intricate_a a_o carriage_n and_o how_o it_o come_v to_o pass_v that_o a_o seed_n first_o have_v its_o neb_n thrust_v down_o without_o dilatation_n of_o the_o side_n and_o then_o how_o the_o upper_a part_n of_o the_o neb_n or_o germane_a orderly_a frame_v the_o vegetable_a above_o ground_n in_o so_o trim_a a_o body_n rather_o than_o a_o confuse_a mass_n i_o take_v it_o not_o for_o any_o part_n of_o my_o task_n to_o inquire_v i_o shall_v likewise_o leave_v it_o to_o the_o imagination_n of_o philosopher_n to_o determine_v whether_o upon_o the_o distension_n make_v it_o be_v by_o a_o elective_a faculty_n in_o the_o seedle_v fill_v up_o with_o similar_v part_n draw_v from_o the_o earth_n and_o so_o by_o nature_n original_o fit_v specifical_o for_o that_o plant_n or_o whether_o there_o be_v a_o continual_a motion_n of_o particle_n from_o the_o earth_n press_v upon_o the_o plant_n those_o only_o get_v entrance_n who_o shape_n and_o figure_n be_v such_o as_o correspond_v to_o the_o pore_n in_o the_o young_a vegetable_a which_o meet_v in_o the_o body_n of_o the_o plant_n with_o its_o constituent_a part_n in_o nature_n not_o unlike_o themselves_o they_o easy_o be_v join_v thereto_o and_o so_o cause_v a_o augmentation_n in_o the_o whole_a or_o whether_o dissimilar_v part_n either_o to_o fill_v up_o the_o vacuum_n make_v by_o distension_n or_o for_o other_o reason_n get_v up_o into_o the_o plant_n do_v obtain_v there_o a_o change_n of_o nature_n and_o from_o the_o form_n soul_n archaeus_n or_o other_o principle_n be_v alter_v from_o their_o first_o be_v into_o a_o likeness_n of_o nature_n with_o the_o seedle_v and_o become_v homogeneous_a to_o it_o these_o be_v question_n in_o the_o determination_n of_o which_o till_o i_o be_o better_a inform_v i_o desire_v to_o take_v no_o side_n n._n 9_o of_o the_o cause_n of_o greenness_n in_o the_o leaf_n of_o vegetable_n it_o have_v be_v make_v a_o question_n by_o some_o what_o it_o be_v that_o cause_n greenness_n in_o all_o herb_n especial_o such_o who_o seed_n and_o the_o stalk_n and_o leaf_n contain_v therein_o be_v white_a and_o whether_o the_o cold_a beat_n of_o air_n and_o water_n upon_o vegetable_n may_v not_o have_v some_o influence_n in_o the_o production_n of_o this_o effect_n i_o true_o have_v be_v tempt_v to_o think_v the_o affirmative_a which_o be_v that_o the_o coldness_n and_o brisknesse_n of_o the_o free_a air_n in_o plant_n that_o grow_v in_o the_o land_n and_o the_o like_a quality_n of_o the_o water_n in_o water_n plant_n produce_v the_o verdure_n or_o greenness_n that_o be_v general_o the_o beauteous_a vestment_n of_o all_o vegetable_n or_o at_o the_o least_o have_v some_o considerable_a influence_n as_o to_o this_o production_n for_o by_o experience_n i_o have_v prove_v that_o plant_n be_v in_o a_o close_a room_n bring_v up_o from_o seed_n in_o pot_n or_o otherwise_o the_o leaf_n and_o stalk_n prove_v to_o be_v white_a or_o pale_a &_o not_o green_a which_o be_v according_a to_o the_o lord_n bacon_n experiment_n who_o cent._n 5._o exp._n 47._o set_v a_o standard_n damask-rose-tree_n etc._n etc._n in_o a_o earthen_a pan_n of_o water_n where_o bear_v leaf_n in_o the_o winter_n in_o a_o chamber_n where_o no_o fire_n be_v the_o leaf_n be_v find_v as_o his_o lordship_n relate_v more_o pale_a and_o light_a colour_a then_o leave_v use_v to_o be_v abroad_o which_o paleness_n i_o suppose_v to_o be_v great_a or_o less_o proportionable_o to_o the_o freshness_n and_o freeness_n of_o the_o air_n that_o the_o plant_n enjoy_v grass_n will_v likewise_o change_v its_o colour_n if_o by_o any_o weighty_a body_n or_o other_o lie_n upon_o it_o in_o the_o field_n it_o be_v keep_v from_o the_o air_n the_o truth_n be_v all_o plant_n have_v peculiar_a delight_n in_o the_o air_n which_o i_o have_v prove_v by_o this_o experiment_n i_o have_v take_v young_a seedling_n in_o a_o pot_n and_o put_v they_o in_o a_o window_n where_o there_o be_v a_o quarry_n out_o the_o seedle_a will_v immediate_o leave_v its_o upright_a growth_n and_o direct_v its_o body_n straight_o to_o the_o hole_n and_o so_o become_v almost_o flat_a and_o level_n with_o the_o earth_n in_o the_o pot_n then_o turn_v the_o pot_n so_o that_o the_o inclination_n of_o the_o stalk_n may_v be_v from_o the_o hole_n the_o plant_n have_v then_o crooked_a itself_o in_o form_n of_o a_o horn_n or_o the_o letter_n c._n to_o the_o air_n again_o upon_o the_o second_o turn_n of_o the_o pot_n the_o upper_a horn_n be_v place_v from_o the_o air_n the_o plant_n will_v with_o its_o upper_a part_n return_v to_o the_o open_a place_n and_o leave_v the_o stalk_n now_o in_o the_o form_n of_o a_o s._n nay_o sometime_o i_o have_v bid_v person_n tell_v i_o which_o way_n they_o will_v have_v such_o a_o plant_n grow_v they_o have_v mark_v the_o place_n in_o the_o brim_n of_o the_o pot_n that_o mark_v i_o have_v turn_v to_o the_o hole_n in_o the_o window_n by_o which_o mean_v the_o plant_n without_o any_o force_n and_o that_o in_o not_o many_o hour_n space_n have_v incline_v its_o stalk_n to_o the_o mark_v make_v that_o the_o air_n have_v great_a influence_n in_o produce_v the_o verdure_n of_o plant_n may_v likewise_o not_o improbable_o be_v argue_v from_o the_o experiment_n of_o planch_a or_o white_v the_o leaf_n of_o artichocke_n endive_n myrrh_n be_v cichory_n alexander_n and_o other_o plant_n which_o be_v do_v by_o warm_a keep_n of_o they_o without_o the_o approach_n or_o sentiment_n of_o the_o cool_a and_o fresh_a air_n whereby_o all_o plant_n that_o otherwise_o will_v bear_v a_o green_a colour_n become_v exact_o white_a hence_o it_o may_v likewise_o be_v that_o though_o root_n of_o most_o vegetable_n that_o be_v under_o ground_n and_o cover_v from_o the_o air_n be_v white_a general_o whereas_o the_o stem_n and_o upper_a part_n

some_o disquisition_n of_o natural_a philosophy_n there_o may_v some_o matter_n of_o argument_n arise_v from_o experiment_n of_o the_o conversion_n of_o water_n into_o nutriment_n and_o substance_n of_o various_a and_o very_a different_a plant_n whereof_o some_o be_v hot_a other_o cold_a some_o esteem_v of_o a_o fresh_a other_o of_o a_o salt_n nature_n some_o in_o regard_n of_o man_n body_n of_o heal_v other_o of_o excoriate_v and_o blister_a quality_n some_o specifique_n for_o the_o head_n and_o the_o disease_n thereof_o other_o for_o the_o heart_n and_o other_o for_o the_o womb_n i_o shall_v set_v down_o the_o truth_n of_o some_o few_o trial_n concern_v the_o growth_n or_o corruption_n of_o such_o cut_n of_o divers_a vegetable_n as_o without_o root_n i_o keep_v in_o my_o chamber_n in_o vial_n of_o water_n not_o willing_a thence_o to_o make_v any_o motion_n towards_o the_o restauration_n of_o the_o ancient_a doctrine_n concern_v the_o production_n of_o all_o thing_n out_o of_o water_n or_o to_o rake_v up_o the_o scatter_a judgement_n of_o the_o once_o renown_a thales_n which_o he_o make_v from_o the_o observation_n of_o the_o generation_n of_o fish_n and_o petrifaction_n by_o this_o element_n as_o likewise_o from_o the_o influence_n for_o he_o be_v aware_a thereof_o and_o causalitie_n it_o have_v in_o the_o production_n and_o norishment_n of_o vegetable_a and_o if_o not_o immediate_o by_o consequence_n of_o animal_n body_n nor_o desire_v to_o make_v from_o these_o experiment_n though_o i_o believe_v the_o instance_n may_v be_v as_o well_o proper_a as_o specious_a any_o argument_n for_o the_o more_o fashionable_a opinion_n of_o epicurus_n by_o show_v the_o various_a production_n that_o may_v be_v make_v by_o the_o divers_a shuffling_n and_o position_n of_o that_o which_o have_v the_o repute_n of_o the_o most_o pure_a and_o defecated_a element_n but_o clear_o intend_v to_o keep_v to_o my_o task_n which_o be_v history_n and_o rather_o to_o serve_v than_o to_o be_v the_o philosopher_n i_o in_o short_a give_v the_o reader_n this_o account_n that_o may_v 1658_o in_o glass_n of_o water_n the_o plant_n follow_v grow_v from_o cuting_n and_o make_v themselves_o root_n in_o the_o water_n by_o name_n they_o be_v balsamira_n minor_a mint_n sedum_fw-la multifudum_fw-la pennyroyal_n bugle_n prunella_n water_n cress_n purple-grasse_n periwinkle_n dorias_n his_o wound-wort_n crowfoot_n brooklime_n marsh-mallow_n laurel_n scordium_n tripolium_n knotgrass_n nummularia_fw-la minima_fw-la basilmint_n curl-mint_n hors-mint_n panax-coloni_a feverfew_n and_o some_o other_o which_o i_o keep_v no_o account_n of_o i_o have_v have_v at_o other_o time_n plant_n that_o upon_o trial_n make_v by_o cut_n may_v 1658_o do_v not_o grow_v be_v place_v in_o vial_n of_o water_n be_v mugwort_n rosemary_n stock-gilly-flower_n alaternus_n lavander-cotten_n sage_n armeria_n camomile_n rosemary_n polium_fw-la montanum_fw-la stock-gilly-flower_n bawne_v tansy_n groundsel_n lavander-cotton_n sage_n majorane_n be_v likewise_o set_v in_o glass_n of_o water_n dissolve_v into_o a_o mucilage_n and_o so_o corrupt_v before_o they_o attain_v to_o any_o root_n plant_n that_o be_v corrupt_v by_o the_o water_n in_o some_o part_n of_o the_o stem_n and_o so_o dye_v after_o leaf_n send_v forth_o and_o root_v shoot_v be_v basil_n mint_n marsnmallow_n after_o it_o have_v grow_v a_o span_n panax-coloni_a balsamita_n minor_fw-la after_o six_o week_n grow_v which_o make_v i_o doubt_v whether_o there_o be_v not_o the_o same_o reason_n of_o the_o die_a of_o these_o plant_n that_o there_o be_v of_o grast_n of_o pear_n upon_o apple_n or_o apple_n upon_o thorn_n which_o grow_v for_o a_o while_n it_o may_v be_v some_o year_n but_o sure_o die_v before_o they_o arrive_v to_o any_o maturitye_n and_o second_o whether_o this_o reason_n be_v not_o the_o unlikeness_n and_o diversity_n of_o part_n between_o the_o stock_n to_o be_v nourish_v and_o the_o nourishment_n oppose_v thereunto_o for_o though_o some_o die_v after_o leaf_n and_o growth_n make_v as_o purplewort_n pareticular_o by_o run_v into_o a_o mucilage_n yet_o general_o there_o appear_v no_o such_o evident_a cause_n of_o their_o fail_n plant_n that_o increase_v in_o weight_n be_v plant_v in_o the_o water_n be_v these_o and_o the_o quantity_n thus_o much_o sedum_fw-la multifidum_fw-la in_o a_o month_n increase_v in_o weight_n half_o a_o scruple_n scordium_n as_o much_o in_o a_o fortnight_n donas_fw-la his_o woundwort_n grow_v in_o 6_o week_n gr_n 13._o bugula_n in_o some_o what_o less_o time_n gr_n 15._o watercresse_n gr_n 25_o in_o a_o month_n ranunculus_n half_a a_o scruple_n in_o 6_o week_n and_o periwinkle_n as_o much_o prunella_n brooklime_n scordium_n and_o most_o of_o the_o sort_n of_o mint_n get_v weight_n proportionable_o n._n 2._o the_o manner_n of_o grow_v by_o cut_n such_o who_o desire_v to_o observe_v the_o work_n of_o bee_n get_v casement_n to_o their_o hive_n that_o their_o eye_n may_v not_o suffer_v impediment_n from_o the_o darkness_n of_o the_o place_n for_o prevention_n of_o the_o same_o hindrance_n the_o use_n of_o bed_n of_o a_o diaphanous_a soil_n in_o as_o diaphanous_a bound_n or_o plain_o of_o water_n in_o a_o glass_n i_o have_v find_v a_o proper_a remedy_n and_o shall_v therefore_o from_o my_o observation_n of_o the_o growth_n of_o these_o particular_n desire_v the_o reader_n will_v imagine_v the_o rest_n or_o judge_v they_o alike_o as_o true_o for_o what_o i_o remember_v i_o have_v always_o find_v they_o for_o the_o manner_n of_o plant_n grow_v by_o water_n i_o observe_v that_o those_o plant_n that_o have_v many_o joint_n easy_o grow_v and_o put_v forth_o root_n only_o just_a at_o the_o joint_n knotgrass_n crowfoot_n panax-coloni_a all_o sort_n of_o mint_n pennyroyal_n scordium_n bugle_n prooklime_n periwinkle_n which_o i_o conceive_v to_o be_v the_o reason_n why_o in_o set_v they_o the_o practice_n be_v to_o cut_v of_o the_o plant_n just_a in_o a_o joint_n for_o so_o the_o root_n immediate_o spring_v thence_o and_o no_o part_n of_o the_o stem_n corrupt_v which_o it_o will_v if_o it_o be_v cut_v of_o at_o great_a distance_n in_o those_o herb_n where_o there_o be_v no_o exact_a joint_n the_o root_n spring_v forth_o under_o some_o bud_n as_o in_o tripolium_n donas_fw-la his_o woundwort_n marshmallow_n every_o root_n that_o be_v make_v come_v forth_o first_o very_a white_a and_o single_a but_o afterward_o in_o very_o handsome_a order_n and_o proportion_n from_o thence_o arise_v other_o fibre_n strike_v every_o way_n in_o the_o water_n where_o the_o side_n of_o the_o wialls_n make_v no_o impediment_n to_o the_o growth_n of_o the_o spur_n issue_v from_o the_o first_o and_o original_a root_n n._n 3._o of_o propagation_n by_o the_o sow_a small_a and_o almost_o insensible_a part_n of_o vegetable_n it_o be_v a_o general_o receive_v truth_n from_o common_a experience_n that_o if_o the_o water_n wherein_o mushroom_n have_v be_v steep_v or_o wash_v be_v pour_v forth_o upon_o a_o old_a hot_a bed_n or_o the_o part_n and_o offall_v of_o mushroom_n break_v to_o piece_n be_v straw_v thereon_o that_o from_o these_o part_n as_o from_o a_o seed_n there_o will_v speedy_o arise_v store_n of_o mushroom_n every_o small_a particle_n of_o that_o imperfect_a plant_n be_v rather_o believe_v seminal_a in_o the_o same_o manner_n as_o the_o bough_n of_o quince_n etc._n etc._n than_o that_o as_o in_o adianthum_fw-la and_o diverse_a ferne_n nature_n have_v disguise_v any_o particular_a seed_n clancular_o to_o be_v the_o mean_a of_o propagation_n in_o it_o kircher_n the_o jesuit_n affirm_v that_o if_o you_o take_v a_o herb_n and_o shred_v it_o small_a or_o reduce_v it_o into_o ash_n these_o be_v sow_v a_o herb_n will_v spring_v thence_o of_o the_o same_o species_n with_o the_o ash_n or_o shred_n sow_v i_o think_v that_o news_n upon_o my_o first_o read_v be_v too_o good_a to_o be_v true_a and_o upon_o trial_n make_v in_o very_a many_o sort_n can_v never_o make_v this_o way_n of_o propagation_n hold_v effectual_a to_o the_o produce_v of_o any_o plant_n and_o if_o it_o be_v true_a it_o be_v a_o ill_a custom_n the_o gardiner_n use_n to_o sow_v their_o seed_n with_o a_o great_a quantity_n of_o ash_n which_o be_v make_v from_o the_o wood_n or_o straw_n and_o leaf_n of_o vegetable_n general_o and_o a_o wonder_n that_o they_o never_o shall_v come_v up_o amid_o the_o seed_n most_o seasonable_o sow_v chap._n 4._o of_o propagation_n by_o lay_v n._n 1._o what_o plant_n be_v this_o way_n increase_v the_o plant_n that_o be_v usual_o propagate_v this_o way_n be_v vine_n woodbine_n jasmine_n mulberry_n savin_n evergreen_n privet_fw-la in_o wood_n all_o sort_n of_o willove_n and_o sallowe_n to_o fill_v up_o bare_a place_n carnation_n gillyflower_n rose_n hors-chesnut_n and_o all_o those_o plant_n that_o will_v grow_v by_o cut_n will_v this_o way_n grow_v with_o much_o more_o ease_n by_o care_n and_o good_a water_v gardiner_n do_v

thick_a will_v do_v the_o same_o but_o rather_o by_o a_o actual_a heat_n which_o it_o create_v by_o its_o fermentation_n than_o by_o the_o power_n of_o single_a principle_n as_o in_o the_o former_a instance_n but_o the_o excess_n of_o it_o be_v harmful_a be_v lay_v in_o such_o quantity_n as_o it_o may_v heat_n and_o certain_o burn_v the_o root_n of_o any_o ordinary_a vegerable_n that_o grow_v near_o it_o sheep-dung_n fog-dung_n likewise_o and_o all_o soil_n and_o litter_n of_o cattle_n by_o reason_n of_o their_o dung_n urine_n and_o heat_n of_o their_o body_n lie_v thereon_o have_v a_o warmth_n in_o they_o and_o be_v fit_a for_o cold_a land_n on_o that_o account_n and_o by_o reason_n of_o their_o moisture_n for_o dry_a land_n also_o for_o it_o be_v to_o be_v observe_v that_o many_o ground_n be_v dry_a and_o cold_a too_o in_o all_o part_n of_o the_o north_n and_o northwest_n as_o england_n lie_v and_o in_o england_n many_o of_o our_o wood-land_n especial_o and_o so_o all_o hot_a and_o moist_a soil_n be_v most_o proper_a for_o they_o burn_v and_o beak_v be_v in_o many_o place_n very_o successful_o use_v to_o this_o effect_n the_o actual_a fire_n heat_n the_o ground_n and_o the_o ash_n of_o fern_n brake_n heath_n etc._n etc._n of_o like_a nature_n yield_v a_o salt_n very_o profitable_a for_o and_o expedient_a to_o join_v with_o the_o other_o principle_n in_o the_o ground_n to_o cause_v a_o fermentation_n and_o fruitfulness_n it_o be_v a_o general_a rule_n that_o there_o be_v nothing_o in_o animal_n body_n but_o will_v turn_v to_o excellent_a manure_n their_o horn_n bone_n hair_n hesh_n both_o of_o beast_n fish_n and_o fowl_n be_v very_o rich_a and_o those_o that_o know_v the_o virtue_n of_o they_o buy_v at_o city_n for_o the_o purpose_n rag_n which_o be_v make_v of_o wool_n sheep-trotter_n stink_a fish_n or_o other_o offal_n of_o animal_n which_o must_v either_o be_v mix_v with_o other_o dung_n or_o not_o lay_v over_o thick_a but_o it_o be_v to_o be_v observe_v that_o where_o moisture_n be_v rather_o require_v than_o heat_n there_o float_v by_o land-flood_n the_o dirt_n and_o mud_n of_o pond_n and_o highway_n be_v most_o proper_a where_o warmth_n and_o heat_n be_v a_o great_a need_n there_o soil_n that_o be_v make_v by_o a_o mixture_n of_o the_o offal_n of_o animal_n will_v be_v more_o to_o the_o purpose_n and_o advantage_n of_o the_o husbandman_n last_o it_o be_v probable_a that_o any_o thing_n that_o have_v active_a part_n in_o it_o if_o it_o be_v not_o just_a of_o the_o nature_n of_o the_o ground_n will_v raise_v improvement_n heterogeneous_a thing_n upon_o their_o meeting_n ordinary_o cause_v than_o stir_n which_o be_v think_v by_o most_o naturalist_n now_o to_o have_v great_a influence_n upon_o vegeration_n n._n 3._o the_o way_n of_o improvement_n of_o dry_a light_n sandy_a gravelly_a flinty_a land_n by_o float_v marle_n chalk_n lime_n dryness_n be_v general_o a_o great_a cause_n of_o barrenness_n and_o be_v a_o usual_a annoyance_n in_o sandy_n and_o gravelly_a ground_n more_o especial_o in_o regard_n that_o they_o retain_v not_o the_o rain-water_n so_o well_o as_o clay_n or_o land_n of_o a_o mix_a soil_n the_o proper_a remedy_n for_o this_o defect_n be_v artificial_a water_v which_o temper_v the_o ground_n most_o proper_o for_o the_o improvement_n of_o the_o growth_n of_o the_o most_o useful_a plant_n grain_n and_o grass_n for_o first_o water_n in_o its_o own_o nature_n and_o property_n be_v a_o soil_n and_o have_v a_o exceed_a agreeableness_n with_o the_o body_n of_o most_o vegetable_n as_o appear_v by_o the_o experiment_n of_o their_o growth_n in_o water_n only_o and_o second_o there_o be_v a_o very_a considerable_a accrewment_n to_o dry_v sandy_a and_o gravelly_a earth_n by_o the_o fatty_a soil_n and_o wash_v that_o be_v carry_v both_o in_o land-flood_n and_o other_o water_n that_o have_v pass_v through_o city_n road_n or_o other_o place_n of_o like_a nature_n be_v draw_v over_o the_o ground_n for_o the_o salt_n and_o other_o the_o mix_a earth_n that_o be_v carry_v in_o the_o flood_n be_v apt_a to_o reside_v to_o the_o bottom_n be_v leave_v general_o behind_o upon_o the_o land_n and_o the_o salt_n dilute_v in_o the_o water_n easy_o enter_v the_o turf_n and_o carry_v with_o it_o other_o particle_n thither_o where_o by_o the_o heat_n of_o the_o sun_n they_o be_v in_o conjunction_n with_o the_o sand_n gravel_n or_o other_o body_n heterogeneous_a and_o unlike_a to_o themselves_o they_o cause_v by_o their_o mutual_a fermentation_n as_o be_v suppose_v or_o some_o other_o way_n that_o temper_n of_o ground_n which_o be_v most_o fit_a for_o the_o growth_n of_o all_o grain_n grass_n and_o other_o vegetable_n of_o general_a use_n for_o draw_v the_o water_n over_o land_n the_o use_n be_v that_o by_o the_o eye_n or_o level_v which_o be_v easy_o make_v to_o help_v the_o eye_n first_o discovery_n be_v make_v where_o the_o water_n may_v be_v convey_v over_o the_o most_o land_n then_o mr._n blithe_n advise_v to_o cut_v our_o the_o master_n trench_n or_o watercourse_n to_o such_o a_o bigness_n as_o may_v contain_v all_o the_o land-flood_n or_o at_o least_o be_v able_a to_o bring_v it_o within_o the_o land_n intend_v for_o this_o improvement_n when_o the_o water_n be_v bring_v thither_o carry_v it_o along_o in_o a_o foot_n broad_a trench_n or_o lesser_a all_o along_o the_o level_n if_o the_o level_n be_v too_o dead_a the_o lesser_a stream_n will_v follow_v so_o that_o a_o convenient_a descent_n must_v be_v mind_v to_o give_v the_o water_n a_o fair_a passage_n if_o there_o be_v discover_v in_o this_o lesser_a trench_n any_o mistake_n or_o fail_v it_o may_v with_o ease_n be_v amend_v by_o go_v high_a to_o or_o low_a from_o the_o level_n and_o the_o first_o trench_n be_v stop_v up_o again_o for_o this_o trench_n need_v be_v no_o deep_o than_o the_o thickness_n of_o the_o upper_a turf_n this_o do_v the_o watercourse_n must_v be_v cut_v out_o which_o must_v be_v large_a enough_o to_o contain_v the_o whole_a water_n which_o be_v intend_v for_o the_o enrichment_n of_o the_o land_n which_o largeness_n ought_v to_o consist_v in_o breadth_n and_o not_o in_o deepness_n for_o a_o shallow_a trench_n about_o a_o foot_n deep_a be_v best_a for_o this_o work_n when_o the_o trench_n be_v bring_v near_o to_o the_o end_n of_o the_o land_n it_o be_v to_o be_v draw_v narrow_a and_o narrow_a further_a direction_n the_o author_n give_v the_o improver_n in_o these_o word_n as_o soon_o say_v he_o as_o thou_o have_v bring_v the_o water_n upon_o the_o land_n and_o turn_v it_o over_o or_o upon_o it_o be_v sure_a thou_o take_v it_o off_o as_o speedy_o as_o possible_o and_o so_o fail_v not_o to_o cut_v thy_o work_n so_o as_o unless_o thy_o land_n be_v very_o sound_a and_o thy_o land-flood_n very_o rich_a thou_o must_v take_v it_o off_o the_o soon_o by_o a_o deep_a drain_n trench_n therefore_o i_o prescribe_v no_o certain_a breadth_n betwixt_o float_v and_o drain_n trench_n but_o if_o the_o land_n be_v sound_a and_o dry_a or_o lie_v more_o descend_v thou_o may_v let_v it_o run_v the_o broad_a and_o as_o the_o land_n be_v moist_a sad_a rushy_a or_o level_v let_v it_o run_v the_o lesser_a breadth_n or_o compass_n and_o for_o the_o drain_n trench_n it_o must_v be_v make_v so_o deep_a that_o it_o go_v to_o the_o bottom_n of_o the_o cold_a spew_v moist_a water_n that_o feed_v the_o flag_n and_o rush_n for_o the_o wideness_n of_o it_o use_v thy_o own_o liberty_n but_o be_v sure_a to_o make_v it_o so_o wide_a as_o thou_o may_v go_v to_o the_o bottom_n of_o it_o which_o must_v be_v so_o low_a as_o any_o moisture_n lie_v which_o moisture_n usual_o lie_v under_o the_o upper_a and_o second_o swarth_a of_o the_o earth_n in_o some_o gravel_n or_o sand_n or_o else_o where_o some_o great_a stone_n be_v mix_v with_o clay_n under_o which_o thou_o must_v go_v half_a one_o spade_n graft_v deep_a at_o the_o least_o yea_o suppose_v the_o corruption_n that_o feed_v and_o nourish_v the_o rush_n or_o flag_n shall_v be_v a_o yard_n or_o four_o foot_n deep_a to_o the_o bottom_n of_o it_o thou_o must_v go_v if_o ever_o thou_o will_v drain_v it_o to_o purpose_n or_o make_v the_o utmost_a advantage_n of_o either_o float_a or_o drain_n without_o which_o thy_o water_n can_v have_v its_o kindly_a operation_n the_o truth_n be_v otherwise_o the_o benefit_n may_v happen_v to_o be_v no_o great_a than_o the_o patient_n who_o incur_v a_o dropsy_n in_o his_o cure_n from_o a_o fever_n whereas_o by_o this_o mean_n there_o be_v a_o double_a benefit_n the_o first_o whereof_o come_v by_o the_o commodity_n of_o water_v the_o second_o by_o the_o drain_n trench_n necessary_o annex_v thereunto_o and_o whereas_o the_o aforesaid_a author_n commend_v water_v

or_o float_v as_o a_o help_n to_o boggy_a rushy_a quagmiry_a land_n i_o suppose_v no_o benefit_n but_o hurt_n will_v arise_v thereby_o to_o such_o land_n if_o these_o drain_n trench_n do_v not_o open_v the_o passage_n of_o the_o obstruct_a spring_n original_a cause_n of_o the_o bog_n or_o rushiness_fw-mi as_o well_o as_o let_v out_o the_o water_n new_o introduce_v by_o the_o float_a the_o time_n of_o the_o operation_n for_o this_o improvement_n must_v be_v when_o the_o grass_n be_v all_o off_o the_o ground_n for_o else_o the_o soil_n will_v stain_v it_o that_o come_v along_o with_o the_o flood_n often_o water_v be_v good_a but_o to_o keep_v it_o long_o in_o a_o place_n breed_v the_o rush_n by_o this_o very_a husbandry_n mr._n blithe_n bring_v precedent_n of_o improvement_n of_o land_n from_o eighteen_o penny_n to_o thirty_o shilling_n a_o acre_n and_o mr._n plat_v from_o one_o shilling_n to_o five_o pound_n another_o remedy_n for_o dry_a and_o light_a ground_n such_o as_o abound_v in_o sand_n and_o gravel_n be_v marl_n a_o earth_n most_o common_o slippery_a or_o greasy_a to_o the_o touch_n sometime_o blue_a sometime_o grey_a otherwhiles_o yellow_a now_o and_o then_o red_a always_o fryable_a so_o that_o it_o will_v slack_v after_o a_o shower_n and_o not_o grow_v afterward_o hard_a or_o crusty_a as_o clay_n do_v but_o easy_o resolve_v to_o a_o dust_n or_o powder_n it_o sadden_v land_n natural_o and_o so_o will_v turn_v rye_n land_n as_o to_o make_v it_o fit_a for_o wheat_n barley_n and_o pease_n and_o therefore_o must_v not_o be_v use_v twice_o or_o thrice_o together_o without_o some_o other_o more_o rarify_n compost_n to_o intervene_v such_o as_o ordinary_a dung_n be_v if_o you_o lay_v it_o down_o from_o tillage_n it_o be_v requisite_a that_o all_o marled_a land_n be_v first_o well_o dung_v chalk_v also_o i_o have_v see_v use_v with_o very_o good_a success_n in_o hampshire_n upon_o the_o down_n there_o which_o be_v of_o so_o dry_a a_o nature_n that_o it_o be_v grow_v proverbial_a there_o that_o their_o ground_n require_v a_o shower_n every_o day_n in_o the_o week_n and_o on_o the_o sunday_n two_o and_o mr._n blithe_n affirm_v that_o in_o hertfordshire_n by_o chalk_n the_o improvement_n be_v make_v on_o barren_a gravelly_a and_o flinty_a land_n mr._n blithe_n report_v thus_o of_o lime_n that_o it_o be_v a_o suitable_a soil_n for_o light_v sandy_a earth_n then_o for_o a_o warm_a gravel_n it_o be_v improper_a for_o a_o wet_a and_o cold_a gravel_n but_o for_o a_o cold_a hungry_a clay_n worst_a of_o all_o for_o say_v he_o lime_n be_v once_o slack_v and_o melt_v be_v of_o a_o cold_a nature_n and_o will_v sadden_fw-mi exceed_o contrary_v to_o its_o nature_n in_o the_o stone_n for_o it_o turn_v light_a land_n into_o such_o a_o capacity_n that_o it_o will_v bear_v exceed_o good_a lammas_n wheat_n or_o mix_v corn_n about_o twelve_o or_o fourteen_o quarter_n of_o lime_n serve_v a_o acre_n it_o may_v as_o well_o be_v over_o as_o under-limed_n after_o liming_n till_o not_o long_o but_o return_v to_o pasture_n num._n 4._o remedy_n for_o accidental_a annoyance_n and_o hindrance_n of_o improvement_n particular_o the_o way_n to_o destroy_v fern_n heath_n ant-hill_n moss_n rush_n restharrow_n broom_n or_o any_o such_o weed_n or_o shrub_n that_o infect_v the_o ground_n whether_o lime_v of_o corn_n prevent_v blash_v the_o effect_n of_o that_o and_o brine_n in_o improvement_n concern_v mole_n and_o the_o way_n to_o destroy_v they_o or_o drown_v they_o a_o way_n of_o antipathy_n as_o to_o this_o effect_n in_o animal_n and_o vegetable_n to_o the_o body_n of_o their_o own_o kind_n when_o they_o be_v in_o the_o way_n of_o corruption_n mr._n blith_n way_n of_o preserve_a corn_n from_o crow_n rook_n etc._n etc._n when_o any_o land_n run_v to_o fearn_n heath_n or_o ant-hill_n mossiness_n rush_n coldness_n or_o any_o other_o weed_n or_o shrub_n as_o goss_n broom_n furz_n etc._n etc._n the_o most_o proper_a and_o improve_n remedy_n be_v to_o plough_v it_o three_o or_o four_o year_n and_o then_o lie_v it_o down_o in_o good_a heart_n in_o which_o operation_n care_n must_v be_v have_v to_o plough_v up_o the_o weed_n clean_a and_o burn_v the_o root_n of_o they_o in_o heap_n which_o warm_v the_o ground_n and_o to_o give_v it_o convenient_a dung_v every_o year_n for_o so_o the_o great_a shall_v the_o improvement_n be_v this_o land_n must_v be_v cast_v into_o furlong_n that_o the_o furrow_n may_v convey_v the_o water_n one_o to_o another_o into_o a_o general_a trench_n that_o it_o lie_v not_o upon_o the_o land_n if_o the_o land_n be_v cold_a and_o moist_a lay_v it_o the_o high_a on_o ridge_n if_o hot_a and_o dry_a sandy_a or_o the_o like_a let_v it_o lic_v flat_a that_o it_o may_v better_o retain_v the_o rain_n water_n be_v sure_a you_o plough_v up_o the_o rush_n brake_n or_o other_o annoy_v weed_n and_o for_o fail_v let_v some_o body_n with_o a_o spade_n follow_v the_o plough_n to_o root_v up_o such_o as_o be_v leave_v after_o the_o coulter_n and_o ploughshare_n harrow_n this_o new_a break_a ground_n with_o weighty_a sharp_a and_o long_o tine_v harrow_n such_o as_o it_o be_v a_o teem_v work_v to_o draw_v that_o uneven_a place_n may_v be_v tear_v up_o and_o good_a store_n of_o mould_n raise_v cover_v your_o seed_n with_o two_o or_o three_o sort_n of_o harrow_n each_o harrow_n have_v tine_n thick_a than_o the_o other_o some_o put_v weight_n upon_o the_o harrow_n in_o the_o first_o and_o a_o thorn_n under_o they_o in_o the_o last_o operation_n after_o four_o year_n tilth_n lay_v down_o your_o land_n and_o that_o upon_o a_o crop_n of_o wheat_n or_o rye_n not_o on_o a_o summer_n corn_n for_o so_o the_o soar_v will_v come_v the_o soon_o especial_o if_o the_o crop_n be_v sow_v thin_a and_o as_o early_o as_o may_v be_v if_o you_o will_v double_v or_o treble_v the_o improvement_n the_o husbandry_n of_o sow_a clover-grass_n speak_v of_o in_o the_o first_o chapter_n will_v here_o come_v in_o most_o proper_o this_o last_o plough_v regard_v that_o the_o ground_n be_v lay_v down_o smooth_a yet_o on_o ridge_n if_o the_o land_n be_v cold_a and_o unless_o the_o land_n be_v of_o exceed_a strength_n fail_v not_o to_o manure_v it_o by_o dung_n or_o otherwise_o this_o last_o season_n of_o plough_v mr._n blithe_a report_n and_o mr._n hartlip_n likewise_o that_o the_o natural_a help_n to_o preserve_v corn_n from_o blast_v be_v the_o steep_v of_o it_o in_o thick_a fat_a water_n or_o lime_n water_n urine_n or_o brine_n or_o the_o mix_n of_o lime_n or_o ash_n with_o corn_n well_o wet_a and_o moist_a that_o so_o it_o may_v clothe_v itself_o with_o the_o fine_a of_o the_o lime_n or_o ash_n etc._n etc._n so_o as_o it_o may_v fall_v clothe_v all_o over_o to_o the_o earth_n and_o so_o be_v cover_v therewith_o but_o i_o believe_v he_o be_v mistake_v in_o the_o apply_v of_o the_o medicine_n to_o the_o prevention_n of_o the_o right_n and_o proper_a disease_n i_o have_v hear_v such_o who_o practise_v these_o medicine_n affirm_v that_o 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same_o nourishment_n remain_v free_a sound_z and_o well_o colour_v there_o be_v a_o procedure_v mention_v among_o mr._n speed_v note_n for_o liming_n corn_n that_o carry_v a_o good_a probability_n of_o advantage_n with_o it_o first_o the_o grain_n be_v steep_v in_o strong_a brine_n of_o salt_n that_o will_v bear_v a_o egg_n twenty_o four_o hour_n and_o then_o be_v lay_v s._n s._n s._n with_o lime_n that_o be_v there_o be_v lay_v a_o layer_n of_o corn_n first_o and_o then_o a_o layer_n of_o lime_n and_o then_o again_o a_o layer_n of_o corn_n etc._n etc._n the_o lime_n cleave_v to_o the_o wheat_n and_o be_v sow_v on_o ground_n not_o worth_a two_o shilling_n a_o acre_n the_o effect_n be_v that_o it_o bear_v as_o