of_o nature_n i_o will_v use_v therefore_o a_o example_n of_o a_o natural_a work_n which_o shall_v express_v in_o many_o point_v this_o thing_n though_o not_o in_o all_o for_o such_o can_v there_o none_o be_v but_o the_o thing_n itself_o and_o in_o as_o much_o as_o this_o example_n be_v not_o easy_a to_o be_v understand_v of_o all_o man_n though_o the_o most_o part_n do_v now_o a_o day_n partly_o know_v it_o by_o experience_n of_o find_v spring_n of_o water_n i_o will_v first_o propose_v a_o artificial_a example_n to_o make_v both_o the_o other_o to_o be_v the_o better_o perceive_v still_v a_o example_n of_o still_v it_o be_v daily_o see_v in_o distil_v of_o water_n that_o the_o temperate_a heat_n of_o the_o fire_n do_v separate_v the_o pure_a part_n of_o the_o juice_n from_o the_o herb_n and_o also_o from_o the_o grosser_n juice_n this_o by_o natural_a lightness_n be_v draw_v into_o the_o head_n of_o the_o stillatorie_a where_o by_o the_o coldness_n of_o the_o helmet_n it_o be_v make_v somewhat_o grosser_n and_o so_o through_o natural_a heat_n descend_v and_o pass_v forth_o by_o the_o pipe_n of_o the_o stillatorie_a original_a the_o original_a and_o as_o the_o art_n of_o man_n use_v to_o make_v this_o water_n so_o do_v nature_n use_v to_o make_v the_o water_n of_o spring_n whereof_o come_v all_o river_n stream_n and_o flood_n except_o the_o sea_n for_o see_v the_o earth_n be_v not_o perfect_o sound_v and_o thick_a of_o substance_n spring_n cause_o of_o spring_n as_o stone_n and_o some_o wood_n appear_v to_o be_v but_o it_o be_v hollow_a and_o full_a of_o hole_n as_o you_o see_v that_o cork_n be_v so_o that_o the_o air_n which_o by_o his_o subtleness_n pierce_v into_o never_o so_o little_a a_o hole_n enter_v and_o fill_v this_o hollowness_n nature_n so_o lead_v to_o it_o because_o no_o place_n shall_v be_v empty_a in_o which_o place_n by_o the_o coldness_n of_o the_o earth_n the_o air_n be_v turn_v into_o water_n as_o you_o may_v see_v in_o wall_n and_o pillar_n or_o stone_n namely_o of_o marble_n how_o the_o coldness_n of_o the_o stone_n turn_v the_o air_n into_o water_n and_o hang_v full_a of_o drop_n which_o sometime_o trickle_v down_o apace_o as_o if_o they_o do_v swear_v so_o when_o the_o earth_n have_v turn_v the_o air_n thus_o into_o water_n then_o do_v it_o drop_v down_o and_o gather_v together_o and_o so_o run_v out_o as_o it_o can_v find_v or_o prepare_v way_n as_o long_o therefore_o as_o there_o be_v hollowness_n in_o that_o place_n with_o such_o sort_n or_o coldness_n and_o none_o other_o let_v the_o spring_n of_o water_n shall_v never_o cease_v but_o if_o the_o way_n by_o any_o mean_n be_v stop_v than_o the_o water_n turmoil_v and_o labour_v either_o to_o expel_v that_o let_v or_o to_o make_v a_o new_a way_n water_n the_o cause_n of_o diversity_n in_o taste_n of_o water_n now_o this_o water_n be_v thus_o engender_v of_o the_o air_n which_o have_v no_o taste_n be_v also_o natural_o without_o all_o taste_n but_o the_o taste_n that_o it_o have_v be_v the_o taste_n of_o the_o vein_n of_o earth_n or_o mettle_n by_o which_o it_o do_v run_v and_o that_o be_v the_o cause_n that_o some_o water_n be_v sweet_a and_o some_o sour_a some_o fresh_a and_o some_o salt_n and_o otherwise_o diverse_o taste_v some_o also_o be_v hot_a and_o some_o cold_a and_o with_o other_o like_a quality_n endue_v according_a to_o the_o ground_n whereby_o it_o pass_v but_o of_o this_o i_o will_v not_o now_o speak_v because_o i_o have_v appoint_v for_o it_o a_o peculiar_a treatise_n if_o god_n grant_v i_o time_n only_o this_o i_o say_v now_o that_o a_o man_n that_o be_v expert_a can_v by_o the_o colour_n taste_n and_o other_o quality_n of_o the_o water_n which_o he_o see_v tell_v what_o vein_n of_o earth_n or_o metal_n be_v in_o that_o place_n whence_o that_o water_n come_v though_o he_o see_v it_o not_o and_o this_o water_n be_v expel_v out_o of_o his_o first_o place_n as_o unprofitable_a there_o to_o remain_v and_o yet_o when_o it_o be_v come_v forth_o thence_o it_o be_v good_a for_o divers_a and_o sundry_a use_n urine_n the_o generation_n of_o urine_n thus_o may_v we_o think_v of_o the_o generation_n and_o use_n of_o urine_n or_o man_n water_n is_n shall_v not_o need_v that_o i_o here_o reckon_v exact_o the_o place_n cause_n concoction_n three_o concoction_n and_o the_o order_n of_o the_o three_o concoction_n which_o go_v before_o the_o generation_n of_o urine_n but_o it_o shall_v suffice_v to_o tell_v brief_o that_o of_o the_o meat_n and_o drink_n together_o concoct_v in_o the_o stomach_n be_v make_v rude_a blood_n if_o i_o may_v so_o call_v it_o which_o rude_a blood_n be_v wrought_v again_o and_o make_v more_o perfect_a in_o the_o liver_n and_o three_o yet_o more_o purify_v in_o the_o hollow_a vein_n where_o the_o urine_n be_v separate_v from_o it_o as_o whey_n from_o milk_n but_o yet_o may_v not_o exact_o be_v call_v urine_n till_o it_o come_v into_o the_o reins_o or_o kidney_n which_o draw_v it_o out_o of_o the_o hollow_a vein_n by_o a_o certain_a natural_a power_n rest_v in_o they_o and_o then_o do_v the_o reins_o or_o kidney_n alter_v it_o perfect_o into_o urine_n as_o the_o coldness_n of_o the_o ground_n turn_v air_n into_o water_n but_o you_o must_v take_v this_o comparison_n or_o similitude_n to_o be_v speak_v of_o the_o alteration_n itself_o and_o not_o of_o the_o cause_n now_o when_o urine_n be_v thus_o make_v like_o to_o that_o fashion_n of_o water_n as_o i_o say_v then_o as_o the_o water_n pass_v forth_o from_o his_o first_o place_n by_o issue_n outward_a so_o do_v the_o urine_n descend_v from_o the_o reins_o by_o certain_a vein_n as_o it_o be_v call_v water_n pipe_n and_o run_v into_o the_o bladder_n from_o whence_o at_o due_a time_n it_o be_v expel_v forth_o if_o the_o way_n be_v not_o let_v so_o that_o you_o may_v compare_v the_o reins_o to_o the_o head_n of_o a_o conduit_n the_o water_n pipe_n to_o the_o conduit_n pipe_n the_o bladder_n to_o the_o conduit_n and_o the_o shaft_n to_o the_o rock_n of_o the_o conduit_n and_o further_o as_o the_o water_n do_v declare_v by_o taste_n and_o colour_v the_o quality_n of_o the_o earth_n or_o vein_n of_o mettle_n whereby_o it_o run_v and_o from_o whence_o it_o come_v so_o the_o urine_n by_o colour_n and_o other_o way_n declare_v of_o what_o sort_n the_o place_n that_o it_o come_v thorough_a and_o humour_n that_o it_o come_v from_o be_v affect_v and_o yet_o not_o only_o serve_v for_o this_o but_o also_o as_o the_o water_n though_o it_o depart_v from_o the_o earth_n as_o superfluous_a in_o that_o place_n yet_o in_o other_o place_n and_o to_o other_o purpose_n it_o be_v great_o profitable_a so_o the_o urine_n though_o it_o be_v expel_v as_o a_o superfluous_a excrement_n yet_o beside_o the_o commodity_n of_o judgement_n which_o it_o give_v of_o the_o part_n that_o it_o come_v from_o it_o do_v also_o serve_v for_o divers_a use_n in_o medicine_n and_o other_o good_a commodity_n of_o both_o which_o i_o will_v anon_o orderly_o write_v after_o i_o have_v declare_v certain_a thing_n appertain_v to_o the_o due_a judgement_n of_o it_o of_o the_o instrument_n and_o part_n by_o which_o urine_n be_v engender_v and_o pass_v mark_v this_o figure_n follow_v a._n be_v the_o liver_n b._n the_o hollow_a vein_n c._n vein_n by_o which_o the_o reins_o do_v draw_v the_o urine_n and_o therefore_o be_v call_v suck_v vein_n d._n the_o reins_o e._n the_o water_n pipe_n f._n be_v the_o bladder_n g._n the_o spout_n of_o the_o yard_n all_o the_o other_o part_n beside_o appertain_v to_o generation_n and_o seed_n chap._n iii_o what_o urine_n be_v and_o what_o token_n it_o give_v in_o general_n you_o have_v hear_v now_o how_o urine_n be_v engender_v from_o whence_o it_o come_v and_o by_o what_o place_n it_o pass_v which_o thing_n all_o to_o the_o intent_n that_o you_o may_v the_o better_o keep_v in_o mind_n you_o shall_v note_v this_o short_a definition_n urine_n the_o definition_n of_o urine_n urine_n be_v the_o superfluity_n or_o wheyie_a substance_n of_o the_o blood_n into_o a_o hollow_a vein_n convey_v by_o the_o reins_o and_o water_n pipe_n into_o the_o bladder_n so_o that_o hereby_o you_o may_v plain_o perceive_v that_o if_o the_o blood_n be_v pure_a and_o clean_a and_o none_o other_o grief_n in_o the_o reins_o water-pipe_n bladder_n nor_o shaft_n then_o shall_v the_o urine_n so_o declare_v it_o be_v also_o perfect_a and_o pure_a in_o substance_n and_o colour_n and_o all_o other_o token_n according_a to_o the_o same_o but_o if_o there_o be_v any_o grief_n in_o any_o of_o those_o part_n or_o the_o blood_n corrupt_v by_o any_o mean_n then_o shall_v the_o urine_n declare_v certain_a token_n of_o the_o same_o as_o i_o
shall_v anon_o particular_o express_v but_o first_o it_o shall_v be_v necessary_a to_o instruct_v you_o of_o the_o vessel_n place_n and_o time_n meet_v to_o judge_v urine_n and_o of_o the_o manner_n of_o receive_v it_o chap._n four_o of_o the_o form_n of_o the_o urinal_n and_o of_o the_o place_n and_o time_n meet_v to_o judge_v urine_n and_o how_o it_o shall_v be_v receive_v that_o urine_n shall_v be_v keep_v to_o see_v which_o be_v first_o make_v after_o midnight_n common_o or_o namely_o when_o the_o patient_a have_v sleep_v long_o but_o you_o must_v take_v heed_n whether_o the_o patient_a be_v man_n or_o woman_n urine_n the_o order_n to_o receive_v urine_n that_o they_o make_v not_o their_o urine_n in_o another_o vessel_n first_o as_o many_o use_n to_o do_v and_o then_o pour_v it_o into_o the_o urinal_n when_o it_o be_v settle_v for_o that_o cause_v much_o deceit_n and_o error_n in_o the_o judgement_n of_o it_o and_o if_o that_o the_o patient_n can_v well_o make_v it_o in_o the_o urinal_n either_o by_o weakness_n or_o any_o other_o cause_n then_o let_v they_o make_v it_o in_o another_o vessel_n but_o see_v that_o it_o be_v clean_a and_o dry_a and_o as_o soon_o as_o the_o water_n be_v make_v pour_v it_o forth_o present_o into_o the_o urinal_n altogether_o and_o leave_v no_o part_n of_o it_o out_o as_o some_o curious_a folk_n do_v use_v to_o put_v the_o clear_a part_n only_o into_o the_o urinal_n and_o cast_v away_o the_o dregs_o as_o though_o it_o stand_v not_o with_o their_o modesty_n to_o bring_v such_o foul_a gear_n to_o the_o physician_n other_o of_o such_o like_a foolish_a mind_n pour_v it_o therefore_o in_o whole_o and_o let_v not_o the_o urinal_n stand_v open_a namely_o in_o a_o dusty_a place_n but_o stop_v it_o close_o with_o a_o glove_n or_o other_o leather_n and_o not_o with_o cloth_n paper_z nor_o hay_n and_o let_v it_o be_v bring_v to_o the_o physician_n within_o six_o hour_n at_o the_o further_a for_o after_o that_o time_n it_o can_v well_o be_v judge_v urinal_n the_o urinal_n now_o as_o touch_v the_o urinal_n it_o shall_v be_v of_o pure_a clear_a glass_n not_o thick_a nor_o green_a in_o colour_n without_o blot_n or_o spot_n in_o it_o not_o flat_a in_o the_o bottom_n nor_o too_o wide_a in_o the_o neck_n but_o wide_a in_o the_o middle_n and_o narrow_a still_o towards_o both_o the_o end_n like_o the_o fashion_n common_o of_o a_o egg_n or_o of_o a_o very_a bladder_n be_v measurable_o blow_v for_o the_o urinal_n shall_v represent_v the_o bladder_n of_o a_o man_n and_o so_o shall_v every_o thing_n be_v see_v in_o his_o due_a place_n and_o colour_n if_o neither_o the_o grossness_n of_o the_o urinal_n neither_o the_o colour_n nor_o spot_n shall_v let_v the_o true_a sight_n of_o the_o colour_n and_o substance_n of_o the_o urine_n and_o the_o content_n of_o it_o neither_o the_o deform_v fashion_n of_o the_o urinal_n shall_v alter_v the_o region_n or_o room_n of_o the_o urine_n likewise_o concern_v the_o place_n meet_v to_o behold_v urine_n place_n the_o place_n you_o must_v look_v that_o it_o be_v neither_o too_o dark_a so_o that_o your_o sight_n shall_v not_o discern_v perfect_o either_o the_o colour_n substance_n or_o content_n for_o lack_v of_o light_n neither_o yet_o that_o your_o fight_n be_v likewise_o deceive_v if_o the_o place_n be_v too_o light_a as_o in_o open_a light_n or_o beam_n of_o the_o sun_n time_n the_o time_n beside_o this_o also_o you_o must_v mark_v the_o time_n due_a to_o behold_v urine_n but_o because_o there_o can_v no_o one_o time_n be_v assign_v certain_a and_o exact_a to_o judge_v all_o part_n of_o it_o i_o will_v brief_o show_v the_o order_n of_o the_o thing_n to_o be_v consider_v in_o their_o time_n first_o when_o the_o urine_n be_v make_v while_o it_o be_v yet_o somewhat_o hot_a you_o shall_v consider_v the_o colour_n of_o it_o for_o that_o may_v best_o be_v discern_v then_o and_o likewise_o the_o thickness_n of_o the_o substance_n of_o it_o which_o if_o it_o be_v mean_a shall_v then_o be_v best_a see_v all_o other_o thing_n as_o the_o bubble_n and_o the_o content_n shall_v be_v best_o judge_v somewhat_o after_o when_o the_o urine_n be_v somewhat_o cool_v and_o they_o be_v due_o settle_v in_o their_o proper_a place_n chap._n v._o how_o many_o thing_n be_v to_o be_v consider_v in_o urine_n now_o leave_v this_o as_o a_o brief_a instruction_n of_o the_o generation_n of_o the_o water_n or_o urine_n content_n four_o thing_n to_o be_v consider_v in_o urine_n viz._n substance_n colour_n quantity_n content_n and_o of_o the_o manner_n of_o receive_v it_o in_o vessel_n due_a with_o time_n and_o place_n meet_v to_o consider_v it_o i_o will_v particual_o declare_v how_o many_o thing_n be_v to_o be_v consider_v in_o it_o which_o be_v common_o name_v four_o that_o be_v the_o substance_n the_o colour_n the_o quantity_n and_o the_o content_n and_o the_o savour_n thereto_o may_v be_v add_v as_o the_o five_o to_o the_o which_o five_o if_o you_o shall_v join_v stableness_n and_o order_n as_o two_o accident_n common_a to_o the_o first_o four_o thing_n but_o yet_o no_o less_o to_o be_v consider_v than_o they_o then_o shall_v you_o judge_v the_o more_o certain_o stableness_n be_v call_v stableness_n stableness_n when_o the_o urine_n continue_v certain_a day_n together_o of_o one_o sort_n and_o if_o it_o alter_v every_o day_n order_n unstableness_n order_n then_o be_v that_o call_v unstableness_n or_o changeableness_n to_o which_o thing_n order_n do_v appertain_v for_o order_n be_v the_o follow_v of_o one_o thing_n after_o another_o as_o black_a colour_a urine_n after_o white_a green_a or_o pale_a i_o mean_v not_o because_o that_o so_o it_o ought_v to_o follow_v but_o only_o that_o you_o must_v observe_v how_o it_o do_v follow_v for_o black_a urine_n do_v not_o signify_v the_o same_o if_o it_o follow_v after_o green_a urine_n as_o it_o do_v if_o it_o follow_v after_o white_a urine_n so_o that_o the_o order_n ought_v also_o to_o be_v mark_v but_o now_o to_o return_v to_o the_o four_o first_o thing_n substance_n be_v call_v in_o urine_n substance_n substance_n the_o urine_n itself_o in_o respect_n of_o the_o thickness_n or_o thinness_n of_o it_o so_o that_o there_o be_v 3._o urine_n three_o sort_n of_o substance_n in_o urine_n sort_n of_o substance_n in_o urine_n thick_a thin_a and_o mean_v thin_a substance_n be_v call_v thin_a thin_a when_o you_o may_v perceive_v well_o the_o joint_n of_o your_o finger_n through_o the_o urine_n thick_a thick_a and_o contrariwise_o it_o be_v call_v thick_a when_o you_o can_v well_o see_v your_o finger_n through_o it_o and_o that_o be_v in_o the_o middle_n between_o extreme_a thick_a and_o extreme_a thin_a colour_n mean_a colour_n be_v call_v mean_v colour_n be_v divers_a but_o the_o principal_a be_v these_o six_o white_a pale_a flaxen_a yellow_a red_a and_o black_a and_o all_o the_o other_o colour_n be_v contain_v under_o these_o six_o snowy_a light_a white_a as_o chrystallse_o snowy_a as_o under_o white_a eat_v contain_v clear_a as_o crystal_n white_a as_o snow_n and_o pure_a as_o water_n which_o three_o be_v light_a white_n yellow_a watery_a dark_a white_a as_o milkwhite_a horny_a gray_a pale_a flaxen_a yellow_a then_o be_v there_o other_o three_o more_o dark_a as_o milk_v white_a clear_a like_o horn_n and_o grey_a after_o white_a follow_v pale_a colour_n and_o then_o flaxen_a after_o it_o follow_v pale_a and_o then_o yellow_a which_o may_v be_v call_v golden_a for_o it_o be_v the_o colour_n of_o pure_a gold_n green_n light_a saffron_n saffron_a colour_n claret_n red._n crimson_a purple_n blue_n green_n after_o it_o follow_v light_a saffron_n and_o then_o saffron_n than_o claret_n colour_n and_o then_o red_a after_o it_o crimson_a and_o then_o purple_a and_o then_o blue_a then_o be_v there_o green_a of_o divers_a kind_n as_o light_v green_a green_a as_o grass_n stark_o green_a and_o dark_a green_a there_o be_v also_o oil_n colour_n that_o be_v popinjay_n green_a of_o three_o sort_n as_o of_o green_a light_a oily_a oily_a oily_a stark_o oily_a and_o dark_a oily_a colour_n ash_n colour_n after_o these_o be_v there_o ash_n colour_n like_o unto_o lead_n and_o after_o it_o as_o last_v of_o all_o come_v black_a and_o these_o be_v the_o chief_a colour_n black_n black_n now_o as_o touch_v quantity_n it_o be_v also_o in_o three_o sort_n much_o little_a and_o mean_v much._n quantity_n much._n then_o it_o be_v call_v much_o quantity_n when_o it_o exceed_v the_o measure_n of_o a_o man_n drink_v and_o then_o be_v it_o call_v little_a little_a little_a when_o a_o man_n piss_v less_o than_o he_o drink_v and_o that_o be_v mean_a mean_n mean_n when_o a_o man_n pissing_a and_o his_o drink_n be_v of_o like_a quantity_n all_o this_o must_v be_v consider_v by_o due_a proportion_n the_o content_n be_v
matter_n do_v avoid_v and_o so_o the_o sickness_n to_o end_v and_o such_o urine_n do_v appear_v many_o time_n after_o purgation_n or_o other_o meat_n and_o drink_n which_o purge_v the_o spleen_n namely_o if_o a_o man_n do_v labour_n upon_o they_o that_o be_v before_o disease_v of_o the_o splcen_n howbeit_o sometime_o meat_n and_o drink_n of_o like_a colour_n cause_n black_a urine_n as_o galen_n witness_v namely_o after_o dark_a red_a wine_n and_o alicant_n but_o in_o moderate_a ague_n if_o such_o black_a urine_n do_v appear_v it_o be_v a_o token_n of_o death_n except_o it_o be_v on_o some_o critical_a day_n and_o likewise_o in_o sharp_a ague_n especial_o if_o the_o savour_n be_v strong_a and_o stink_a unless_o it_o come_v of_o some_o grief_n of_o the_o bladder_n urine_n quantity_n of_o urine_n let_v this_o suffice_v for_o this_o time_n as_o touch_v colour_n now_o for_o the_o quantity_n of_o urine_n as_o when_o it_o be_v mean_a it_o be_v a_o good_a token_n so_o when_o it_o be_v either_o 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so_o that_o if_o any_o impediment_n let_v natural_a siege_n then_o will_v the_o quantity_n of_o urine_n be_v the_o great_a but_o in_o this_o as_o the_o colour_n be_v mean_a so_o be_v the_o ground_n both_o great_a and_o grosser_n yet_o in_o healthful_a folk_n may_v the_o urine_n by_o another_o mean_n also_o be_v great_a than_o a_o mean_a and_o that_o may_v be_v by_o medicine_n which_o provoke_v urine_n but_o then_o be_v the_o colour_n more_o natural_a than_o the_o last_o that_o i_o speak_v of_o and_o the_o ground_n be_v thin_a of_o substance_n so_o that_o it_o be_v dark_a and_o scarce_o see_v and_o then_o be_v there_o a_o certain_a glister_n in_o the_o urine_n itself_o body_n little_a urine_n in_o a_o whole_a body_n now_o contrary_a way_n and_o of_o contrary_a cause_n come_v small_a quantity_n of_o urine_n for_o it_o come_v sometime_o of_o lack_n of_o drink_n or_o dry_a meat_n and_o then_o be_v the_o colour_n light_a saffron_n with_o a_o small_a ground_n but_o yet_o somewhat_o gross_a 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the_o end_n and_o that_o there_o go_v before_o it_o little_a urine_n thick_a and_o rud_z die_v then_o be_v that_o a_o good_a token_n 69._o 4._o aph._n 69._o as_o witness_v hypocnates_n for_o it_o betoken_v the_o ague_n to_o be_v at_o a_o end_n and_o this_o urine_n will_v be_v white_a and_o thin_a moderate_o and_o will_v have_v a_o mean_a ground_n body_n little_a uril_n in_o a_o sick_a body_n now_o little_a quantity_n of_o urine_n with_o a_o gross_a ground_n undue_o knit_v and_o unconcoct_v be_v a_o evil_a token_n for_o it_o betoken_v the_o weakness_n of_o the_o alterative_a power_n which_o be_v not_o able_a to_o extenuate_v concoct_v neither_o alter_v the_o matter_n and_o therefore_o do_v it_o with_o much_o difficulty_n pass_v forth_o in_o such_o grossness_n howbeit_o if_o there_o follow_v after_o it_o a_o more_o thin_a urine_n with_o the_o ground_n well_o and_o due_o knit_v and_o stable_n then_o be_v it_o without_o fear_n for_o this_o latter_a urine_n as_o you_o hear_v before_o be_v a_o token_n that_o the_o cause_n of_o the_o other_o be_v overcome_v and_o vanquish_v this_o little_a quantity_n of_o urine_n come_v sometime_o in_o vehement_a ague_n and_o then_o be_v the_o violent_a heat_n cause_n thereof_o sometime_o also_o it_o come_v of_o the_o stop_n of_o the_o water-pipe_n not_o only_o through_o clammy_a meat_n and_o drink_n but_o also_o of_o some_o disease_n or_o grief_n in_o they_o and_o this_o now_o shall_v suffice_v for_o a_o introduction_n as_o touch_v the_o substance_n colour_n and_o quantity_n of_o urine_n it_o follow_v next_o content_n content_n to_o speak_v of_o the_o content_n which_o so_o great_o help_v to_o the_o right_a judgement_n of_o urine_n that_o hypocrates_n in_o his_o second_o book_n of_o prognostication_n do_v by_o they_o only_o then_o and_o that_o by_o one_o of_o they_o i_o mean_v the_o ground_n pronounce_v the_o judgement_n of_o a_o perfect_a urine_n say_v that_o that_o be_v the_o best_a urine_n sediment_n sediment_n which_o have_v his_o sediment_n or_o ground_n white_z due_o knit_v and_o stable_n and_o that_o continual_o all_o the_o time_n of_o the_o sickness_n now_o see_v this_o great_a clerk_n and_o father_n of_o physic_n do_v thus_o esteem_v the_o ground_n it_o shall_v not_o seem_v unmeet_a that_o i_o orderly_o do_v write_v brief_o of_o those_o principal_a thing_n that_o be_v to_o be_v consider_v as_o touch_v the_o content_n and_o first_o of_o all_o of_o the_o ground_n which_o have_v alteration_n as_o you_o have_v hear_v both_o in_o substance_n colour_n and_o quantity_n but_o now_o as_o touch_v the_o substance_n then_o be_v it_o only_o mean_a when_o the_o three_o concoction_n in_o the_o vein_n be_v perfect_a for_o the_o ground_n be_v the_o excrement_n as_o you_o may_v say_v of_o that_o three_o concoction_n and_o be_v like_a in_o form_n to_o matter_n save_v that_o it_o be_v more_o due_o knit_v together_o then_o be_v matter_n and_o do_v not_o smell_v so_o evil_a as_o it_o or_o else_o you_o may_v liken_v it_o to_o thin_a fleam_n ground_n gross_v ground_n this_o ground_n be_v then_o gross_a when_o the_o vein_n be_v replenish_v with_o raw_a humour_n howbeit_o this_o grosseness_n or_o thickness_n be_v not_o always_o a_o evil_a token_n for_o sometime_o it_o be_v a_o sign_n that_o nature_n have_v prevail_v against_o the_o crude_a humour_n which_o cause_v disease_n and_o do_v expel_v such_o superfluous_a excrement_n and_o that_o shall_v you_o discern_v by_o the_o goodness_n of_o the_o colour_n and_o also_o if_o it_o come_v in_o the_o decline_a of_o the_o sickness_n for_o if_o it_o come_v at_o the_o beginning_n either_o in_o the_o increase_n of_o the_o sickness_n then_o be_v they_o to_o be_v suspect_v as_o evil_a especial_o if_o they_o bring_v with_o they_o evil_a colour_n ground_n
smell_n of_o turpentine_n be_v wash_v away_o with_o water_n as_o also_o when_o the_o cyancan_n and_o armenian_a stone_n be_v wash_v oil_n and_o fat_a that_o the_o vicious_a malignant_a quality_n and_o foul_a smell_n may_v be_v take_v away_o lie_v be_v a_o watery_a or_o spiritous_a humour_n sift_v through_o ash_n therefore_o it_o be_v to_o be_v value_v as_o well_o from_o the_o nature_n of_o the_o ash_n as_o the_o moisture_n pour_v out_o on_o it_o for_o from_o the_o ash_n it_o have_v his_o strength_n of_o dry_v cleanse_a and_o cut_v by_o his_o sharpness_n which_o the_o actual_a and_o potential_a hear_v of_o the_o liquor_n pour_v forth_o increase_v and_o by_o consequent_a it_o have_v no_o strength_n of_o soften_a or_o conglutinate_v together_o if_o the_o moisture_n pour_v on_o be_v potential_o hot_a or_o cold_a of_o the_o same_o nature_n will_v the_o lie_v be_v also_o but_o see_v the_o ash_n do_v retain_v nothing_o of_o the_o virtue_n of_o the_o medicine_n neither_o from_o the_o lie_n 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plant_n resist_v poison_n be_v put_v in_o place_n of_o strata_fw-la in_o the_o strain_n through_o but_o by_o accident_n while_o it_o resist_v putrefaction_n and_o tough_a clammy_a poison_n by_o dry_v and_o cut_v by_o urine_n and_o sweating_n it_o carry_v along_o with_o it_o the_o poison_n nature_n together_o thrust_v forth_o the_o poison_n by_o which_o advice_n many_o drink_n their_o own_o urine_n in_o time_n when_o the_o air_n be_v infect_v that_o mixture_n also_o be_v like_a to_o infusion_n when_o the_o oil_n and_o watery_a humour_n be_v mix_v with_o the_o earthy_a matter_n for_o when_o the_o oily_a humour_n repell_v from_o it_o the_o water_n contrary_o the_o watery_a may_v be_v easy_o dry_v up_o with_o the_o earthy_a so_o that_o thence_o it_o may_v easy_o admit_v the_o oil_n it_o accord_v rather_o that_o the_o earthy_a matter_n be_v mingle_v before_o with_o the_o watery_a moist_a then_o with_o the_o oylic_a so_o in_o the_o threefold_a medicine_n lythargie_n or_o white-lead_a be_v first_o mingle_v with_o vinegar_n and_o after_o with_o oil_n 5._o decoction_n the_o humour_n be_v either_o digest_v by_o the_o fire_n alone_o or_o with_o the_o humour_n and_o earthy_a matter_n until_o that_o either_o for_o the_o most_o part_n the_o watery_a part_n exhale_v away_o as_o it_o be_v in_o boil_a of_o salt_n water_n 1._o of_o a_o nitrous_a humour_n of_o juice_n express_v etc._n etc._n that_o no_o occasion_n of_o putrefaction_n on_o may_v be_v give_v 2._o the_o vicious_a or_o evil_a quality_n exhale_v away_o 3._o hard_a thing_n may_v be_v soften_v 4._o the_o medicinable_a quality_n of_o the_o thing_n infuse_v may_v be_v communicate_v to_o the_o humour_n 5._o and_o that_o the_o moist_a pant_n may_v be_v exact_o mix_v and_o unite_v with_o the_o earthy_a and_o these_o also_o be_v two_o end_n of_o insolation_n when_o we_o expose_v into_o the_o sun_n oil_n spirit_n or_o vinegar_n with_o thing_n infuse_v for_o this_o also_o be_v a_o certain_a decoction_n or_o digestion_n that_o the_o earthy_a matter_n may_v be_v gather_v together_o and_o settle_v so_o that_o afterward_o it_o may_v be_v separate_v that_o humour_n be_v either_o a_o oily_a or_o a_o watery_a juice_n draw_v forth_o water_n wine_n beer_n sweet_a wine_n honeyed_a wine_n and_o vinegar_n foolish_o call_v by_o some_o a_o menstruum_fw-la since_o no_o physical_a infusion_n or_o decoction_n require_v the_o space_n of_o a_o month_n but_o may_v at_o the_o utmost_a be_v finish_v in_o three_o day_n space_n 1._o decoction_n be_v make_v in_o a_o vessel_n shut_v or_o close_v when_o we_o fear_v the_o loss_n or_o fly_v away_o of_o the_o subtle_a and_o thin_a vapour_n 2._o or_o in_o a_o open_a vessel_n when_o we_o will_v exhale_v offensive_a quality_n there_o be_v need_n of_o be_v careful_a about_o it_o and_o look_v often_o to_o the_o matter_n that_o it_o may_v not_o be_v burn_v and_o of_o double_a clarify_n it_o either_o in_o the_o bath_n to_o keep_v in_o the_o faculty_n of_o the_o thing_n infuse_v and_o to_o prevent_v empyreuma_n 1._o by_o reason_n of_o the_o delay_n hard_a thing_n require_v a_o long_a time_n which_o for_o this_o cause_n ought_v first_o to_o be_v put_v in_o and_o require_v more_o moistness_n in_o which_o their_o great_a abundance_n of_o moisture_n be_v to_o be_v resolve_v for_o avoid_v putrefaction_n 2._o less_o hard_o require_v a_o l_a time_n when_o there_o be_v not_o such_o great_a abundance_n of_o water_n to_o be_v resolve_v so_o we_o boil_v leaf_n to_o the_o consumption_n only_o of_o the_o four_o part_n of_o the_o water_n 3._o flower_n and_o spice_n require_v a_o short_a time_n to_o the_o boil_a of_o which_o two_o or_o there_o walme_n will_v suffice_v sometime_o the_o decoction_n be_v reiterated_a or_o the_o infusion_n by_o a_o strain_n or_o expression_n renew_v that_o the_o thick_a part_n be_v separate_v those_o which_o be_v thin_a may_v in_o the_o other_o decoction_n be_v mote_n exact_o unite_v together_o there_o be_v also_o a_o certain_a natural_a coction_n as_o 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weight_n with_o sugar_n or_o boil_a with_o a_o half_a part_n of_o sugar_n sugar_n and_o hony_n be_v add_v for_o cleanse_v taste_n or_o lust_a sake_n for_o by_o their_o clamminess_n as_o by_o a_o coagulation_n it_o conserve_v the_o part_n unite_v in_o preparation_n of_o simple_a syrup_n for_o continuance_n as_o for_o example_n sake_n of_o flower_n of_o violet_n or_o rose_n it_o be_v best_o to_o have_v the_o juice_n of_o violet_n press_v out_o to_o be_v infuse_v raw_a in_o sugar_n clarify_v warm_a not_o boil_v lest_o it_o exhale_v away_o some_o of_o the_o smell_n and_o to_o set_v it_o into_o the_o sun_n to_o resolve_v away_o the_o superfluous_a watery_a moistness_n and_o if_o insolation_n suffice_v not_o by_o incline_v the_o vessel_n to_o separate_v that_o which_o be_v watery_a and_o then_o be_v boil_a again_o to_o pour_v it_o on_o for_o so_o the_o smell_v and_o strength_n of_o the_o medicine_n will_v be_v preserve_v and_o keep_v more_o powerful_o concern_v which_o our_o reformer_n quercetan_n have_v nothing_o he_o can_v more_o boast_v of_o but_o see_v in_o rose_n there_o be_v a_o aicry_n spirituous_a and_o oily_a matter_n which_o either_o do_v not_o enter_v the_o juice_n or_o be_v more_o draw_v out_o by_o a_o fervent_a decoction_n it_o be_v best_o that_o rose_n be_v first_o infuse_v in_o a_o boil_a or_o fervent_a decoction_n and_o some_o hour_n after_o press_v forth_o and_o to_o this_o juice_n other_o rose_n be_v put_v and_o be_v about_o nine_o time_n iterate_v by_o infusion_n in_o balneo_fw-la to_o prevent_v empyreuma_n and_o evaporation_n than_o that_o juice_n at_o length_n press_v or_o strain_v out_o shall_v be_v boil_a with_o about_o a_o three_o part_n of_o sugar_n to_o a_o fit_a consistence_n in_o balneo_fw-la mariae_fw-la for_o since_o the_o purgative_a
according_a to_o the_o end_n which_o they_o be_v to_o be_v use_v for_o which_o be_v either_o to_o repel_v draw_v mitigate_v pain_n strengthen_v soften_v discuss_v dry_v up_o digest_v crudity_n open_a purge_v conglutinate_v and_o harden_v a_o scar_n distillation_n be_v make_v when_o the_o actual_a or_o potential_a humour_n be_v resolve_v by_o heat_n into_o vapour_n and_o separate_v from_o his_o earthy_a dregs_o which_o present_o by_o the_o compass_v cold_a grow_v together_o drop_n or_o distil_v into_o a_o simple_a water_n spirit_n or_o a_o spiritous_a water_n or_o oil_n 1._o distillation_n otherwise_o be_v make_v in_o ballneo_fw-la to_o prevent_v a_o collection_n of_o corrupt_a matter_n in_o the_o whole_a bulk_n empyreurna_fw-la empyreurna_fw-la and_o adustion_n only_o upward_a because_o the_o watery_a vapour_n especial_o be_v lift_v up_o 2._o or_o without_o balnenum_fw-la which_o we_o may_v call_v a_o dry_a distillation_n for_o by_o this_o the_o water_n and_o oil_n descend_v downward_o or_o the_o vapour_n be_v lift_v upward_o which_o be_v watery_a spiritous_a oily_a for_o while_o in_o the_o thing_n distil_v the_o water_n and_o spirit_n be_v both_o together_o than_o they_o both_o ascend_v together_o by_o reason_n of_o their_o thinness_n and_o therefore_o the_o distillation_n be_v to_o be_v reiterated_a that_o afterward_o the_o spirit_n by_o their_o thinness_n may_v go_v before_o the_o watery_a vapour_n for_o the_o water_n spirit_n and_o oil_n be_v all_o together_o thus_o the_o watery_a and_o spiritous_a vapour_n be_v lift_v up_o together_o and_o they_o by_o reason_n of_o their_o natural_a affinity_n carry_v the_o oily_a with_o they_o by_o reason_n whereof_o the_o oil_n be_v separate_v the_o distillation_n be_v to_o be_v reiterated_a for_o sever_a the_o spirit_n but_o if_o with_o the_o earthy_a matter_n the_o oil_n only_o be_v join_v by_o a_o dry_a distillation_n it_o ought_v to_o be_v increase_v with_o a_o great_a heat_n that_o it_o may_v be_v separate_v from_o the_o earthy_a matter_n which_o it_o hardly_o forsake_v either_o by_o descend_v or_o small_o ascend_v to_o which_o purpose_n peculiar_a organ_n or_o instrument_n be_v require_v the_o spirit_n by_o reason_n of_o their_o lightness_n will_v by_o no_o mean_n descend_v in_o balneo_fw-la either_o not_o at_o all_o or_o very_o spare_o they_o be_v lift_v up_o because_o if_o the_o fire_n work_v not_o on_o they_o which_o the_o water_n of_o the_o balneum_fw-la hinder_v they_o can_v be_v separate_v from_o the_o water_n the_o spirit_n by_o reason_n of_o their_o thinness_n and_o potential_a heat_n that_o they_o may_v the_o soon_o increase_v and_o grow_v together_o require_v refrigeratory_n fill_v with_o cold_a water_n which_o be_v either_o fasten_v to_o the_o top_n of_o the_o elembick_a or_o a_o right_n or_o wind_a crooked_a pipe_n be_v fasten_v with_o the_o beak_n of_o it_o therefore_o call_v serpens_fw-la because_o thereby_o the_o spirit_n stay_v the_o long_o in_o the_o cockle_n do_v the_o more_o put_v off_o their_o collection_n of_o corrupt_a matter_n pass_v through_o the_o cold_a water_n of_o a_o large_a vessel_n in_o distillation_n which_o be_v make_v downward_o either_o a_o paper_n be_v put_v upon_o the_o juycie_a plant_n have_v a_o linen_n cloth_n spread_v over_o the_o platter_n or_o dish_n with_o good_a store_n of_o sand_n to_o which_o hot_a coal_n be_v put_v for_o assoon_o as_o the_o heat_n have_v draw_v forth_o the_o vapour_n when_o they_o be_v restrain_v from_o be_v lift_v up_o be_v grow_v together_o they_o fall_v down_o into_o the_o platter_n set_v under_o in_o drop_n or_o else_o in_o rosinie_a wood_n be_v include_v in_o a_o potter_n vessel_n coal_n be_v place_v about_o they_o which_o draw_v forth_o by_o their_o powerful_a heat_n that_o which_o be_v fatty_a from_o whence_o the_o oil_n flow_v by_o a_o cover_n with_o hole_n without_o the_o earthy_a matter_n into_o a_o vessel_n set_v under_o set_v close_o to_o the_o earth_n for_o refrigeration_n sake_n or_o amber_n melt_v after_o this_o manner_n in_o such_o a_o vessel_n but_o that_o the_o thin_a part_n or_o the_o earthy_a matter_n may_v not_o pass_v through_o the_o hole_n we_o use_v dry_a sand_n or_o powder_n or_o flint_n or_o tile_n or_o ash_n of_o bone_n burn_v and_o to_o wash_v away_o the_o stench_n and_o blackness_n a_o vessel_n below_o be_v fill_v up_o to_o the_o half_a with_o water_n into_o which_o the_o fall_a drop_n slide_v or_o fall_v into_o another_o vessel_n set_v under_o of_o purpose_n in_o distillation_n which_o be_v speedy_o make_v upward_o the_o spirit_n be_v separate_v from_o the_o water_n by_o a_o instrument_n of_o a_o large_a neck_n which_o they_o call_v phyola_n a_o plain_a pot_n with_o a_o wide_a mouth_n while_o as_o i_o say_v the_o former_a be_v list_v up_o assoon_o therefore_o as_o the_o watery_a vapour_n succeed_v the_o receive_a vessel_n be_v to_o be_v change_v the_o other_o shut_v up_o the_o watery_a vapour_n with_o a_o sponge_n or_o parchment_n paper_n set_v upon_o the_o cucurbite_n in_o this_o kind_n of_o distillation_n sharp_a tart_a vapour_n have_v this_o peculiar_a that_o after_o for_o example_n sake_n the_o watery_a vapour_n arise_v out_o of_o vinegar_n salt_n vitriol_n alum_n saltpetre_n be_v lift_v up_o they_o be_v separate_v first_o without_o acrimonie_n therefore_o we_o suffer_v the_o say_v vapour_n of_o vitriol_n to_o exhale_v before_o distillation_n in_o a_o open_a vessel_n and_o that_o which_o be_v leave_v of_o the_o watery_a humour_n the_o strong_a heat_n do_v by_o boil_v more_o exact_o mingle_v with_o the_o subtle_a earthy_a part_n till_o at_o the_o length_n it_o separate_v and_o drive_v forth_o that_o violent_o from_o the_o thick_a matter_n that_o be_v call_v water_n of_o salt_n etc._n etc._n unskilful_o oil_n see_v it_o have_v nothing_o common_a with_o oil_n beside_o the_o thick_a consistence_n apparent_a but_o spirit_n though_o improper_o since_o every_o spirit_n be_v inflammable_a and_o potential_o or_o virtual_o hot_a by_o itself_o it_o may_v be_v call_v for_o his_o potential_a heat_n but_o accidental_a for_o this_o from_o fire_n which_o have_v insinuate_v it_o lelse_a and_o sharpness_n partly_o from_o fire_n from_o the_o say_a mixture_n in_o which_o it_o differ_v from_o the_o nature_n of_o water_n and_o agree_v with_o the_o spirit_n if_o therefore_o those_o spirit_n separate_v again_o be_v pour_v upon_o the_o earthy_a matter_n forthwith_o the_o vapour_n go_v forth_o much_o sharp_a and_o hot_a and_o by_o reason_n of_o their_o airy_a and_o fiery_a nature_n suffer_v themselves_o to_o be_v shut_v up_o very_o heavy_o by_o which_o cause_n the_o recipient_a vessel_n ought_v to_o be_v very_o ample_a and_o large_a lest_o it_o break_v before_o the_o concretion_n be_v make_v of_o the_o vapour_n to_o distillation_n which_o be_v make_v upward_o a_o little_a wine_n or_o water_n be_v sprinkle_v on_o the_o fresh_a plant_n which_o be_v not_o juycie_a enough_o that_o you_o may_v draw_v away_o the_o water_n from_o the_o dry_a if_o you_o desire_v only_a water_n something_o spirituous_a they_o be_v pour_v into_o water_n wine_n be_v water_n if_o it_o be_v spirituous_a itself_o and_o they_o be_v leave_v in_o balneo_fw-la for_o 24._o hour_n that_o the_o virtue_n may_v be_v the_o more_o communicate_v and_o impart_v to_o the_o humour_n but_o if_o you_o will_v add_v fresh_a flower_n gather_v at_o divers_a time_n the_o infusion_n be_v to_o be_v make_v in_o the_o spirit_n of_o wine_n in_o a_o cold_a place_n least_o by_o place_v they_o may_v be_v corrupt_v for_o example_n cinnamon_n water_n this_o be_v break_v small_a be_v hang_v in_o a_o piece_n in_o a_o blind_a limbech_n fill_v with_o water_n so_o as_o the_o water_n may_v not_o touch_v the_o bag_n then_o let_v the_o water_n boil_v till_o all_o the_o part_n of_o the_o cinnamon_n be_v moist_a and_o warm_a fit_o then_o take_v out_o the_o cinnamon_n and_o beat_v it_o into_o paste_n and_o then_o again_o let_v it_o be_v infuse_v and_o distil_v in_o the_o former_a water_n if_o thou_o desire_v spirit_n and_o oil_n out_o of_o plant_n you_o ought_v to_o boil_v the_o matter_n before_o always_o either_o in_o his_o proper_a humour_n or_o moistness_n so_o red_a rose_n exquisite_o bruise_v and_o stop_v up_o in_o a_o glassy_a vessel_n and_o place_v in_o a_o cellar_n till_o the_o potential_a heat_n actuate_v and_o the_o moisture_n boil_v up_o compel_v by_o the_o antiperistasmi_n or_o repulsion_n on_o every_o part_n of_o the_o cold_a cherry_n with_o their_o kernel_n for_o the_o spirit_n lie_v enclose_v in_o they_o be_v place_v in_o a_o warm_a place_n the_o lees_n of_o wine_n or_o oil_n be_v pour_v upon_o they_o that_o their_o heat_n lie_v hide_v may_v stir_v up_o the_o spirit_n till_o it_o boil_v up_o or_o with_o water_n pour_v on_o and_o the_o say_a lees_n as_o be_v do_v before_o the_o distillation_n of_o the_o spirit_n and_o the_o oil_n juniper_n