amending or preseruing the bodies of men women and children c. Ioh. It seemeth to be a goodly science Hum. Herodotus sayeth they greatly erre that call it a Science for it is an excellent Art in doing of notable things And science is but to know thinges There is also in this excelleÌ„t art sundry sectes of phisicions some be called Emperici who suppose that only experience doeth suffise and so by vse and experience dooe take in hande to heale diseases not knowing the cause of the said disease or sickenes Philinus was one of that secte at the first beginning Then folowed Serapion and after that the Apolonis And then came Glaucius Menadotus Sextus c. Another kinde of phisicions be called Methodici which neither obserue tyme place age state nor condition think them things of smal profit but onely their respect is to their disease they loue not loÌ„g study in phisick are greatly deceyued because they would build without foundation and haue the fruits before they haue planted the trées These mens cures bee but by chaunce medly One Sirus began this which receyued certaine rules of Asclepiades The chiefe and best sect of Phisitions called Dogmatici These be the wise men which set not the cart before the horse nor the rootes of the trées vpward They doe prudently consider the chaunge of mans nature the dwelling place the alteration of the aire the time of the yeare the custome of people the maners of diseases the fashions of mens diet And this they will proue by true arguments and reasons and will bee verie carefull for their patientes· The disciples of those men be the best scholers therefore I counsell thee Iohn to loue wel Hippocrates the prince of Phisicions which began the best maner to giue rules to al the louers of phisicke Of this writeth Galen much lauding Hippocrates and his followers and in these daies Leonhardus Futchius Matheolus c. Ioh. Seeing thou hast spoken of sundrie partes of Phisitions I pray thee what partes be there of phisicke Hum. Truly there be fiue thinges to be noted in phisicke as fiue principall parts as Galen saith in lib. de Elementis The first is to consider the nature of mans bodie The second is to kéepe the bodie in health and to defend it from sickenes and infirmities The third is to know all the causes rules and seedes whereof the sicknes doth grow The .iiii is Crises or iudgemeÌ„t of the disease of thinges present past and to come The fifth is the best and most excelleÌ„t for it sheweth the maner of healing dieting fashion order and way to helpe the sicke bodie and preserue the same as long as man doth remaine in the state of life Ioh. Thou hast spoken of the partes of phisicke what is the forme maner or distribution thereof Hum. It is distributed in 3. formes one is natural another vnnatural the iii. against nature The first is by those things whereof the body is compact constituted or made as Galen saith in his .iii. booke of his Temperamentis Cap. 4. The second is called not natural as meates or things to preserue the bodie 〈◊〉 health they be not called vnnaturall because they be against the bodie but because the 〈◊〉 taking or glotonous vsing of theÌ„ may bring many thinges to the vtter destruction of the bodie The third bee things against nature which doth corrupt the bodie or poâ—â—on nature wherof Galen writeth Ioh. Now thou hast taught me short rules of the partes and formes phisicall I pray thee shewe me some pretie rules of the complections of men and that I may aptly knowe them with their properties elements temperaments and humours Hum. Upon my Lute some time to recreate my selfe I ioine with my simple harmonie many plaine verses Among all other one small song of the foure complections wilt thou heare it take that chaire and sit downe and I I will teach thee my song Ioh. I thanke thee Humfrey The bodies where heat and moysture dwel Be sanguine folkes as Galen tell With visage faire and cheekes rose ruddy The sleepes is much dreames be bluddy Pulse great and full with digestion fine Pleasantly concocting flesh and wine Excrements aboundant with anger short Laughing very much and finding sport Vrine grosse with colour red Pleasant folkes at boord and bed Where cold with moisture preuaileth much Flegmatike folks be alwaies such Fatnes softnes haire plaine and right Narrow veines and colour white Dull of wit no heart too bold Pulse very sloâ— disgestion cold Sleeping ouer much vrine grosse and pale Spittle white and thicke thus ends the tale Choler is hot and drie as fire Leannesse of lims and puffed with ire Costiue bellies with lite sleepe Dreames of fier or wounds deepe Sallowe coloured or tawâ—ie red Feeding on salt meats and crustes of bread Voice sharpe and quickenes of wit Vrine yellow and saltnes of spit Pulses swift and verie strong Cruell countenance not anger long Melancholy is cold and very drie As here in rime the signes will trie Haire plaine and verie thin A leane wretch with hardnes of skin Colour whitelie or like to lead Much watch and dreames of dread And stiffe in folish fantasie Disgestion slowe and long angrie Fearefull of minde with watrie spitle Seldome laughing and pulse little Vrine waterie and verie thin The colde earth to him is kin Ioh. This is a good song and I will learne it for though it seeme not verie pleasant yet I perceiue it is profitable Now thou hast spoken of the signes of the .4 complections I praie thee teach mee shortly howe to knowe the elements Hum. They be the foure beginners vnmingled and vntempered from whose mixtures euerie corporall thing hath his substance Ioh. What be the partes I pray thee tel me Hum. Foure the one is earth the heauiest matter and grossest which is colde drie and melancholy And the other is water which is lighter and more subtil then the earth and of nature is cold moist and fleugmeticke Then is ayre more purer and lighter then water and if it bée not altered with any other straunge cause it is hot and moist and sanguine Then fier is most light pure and cleare a clarifier and a clenser of al the other elementes when they are corrupted and is of his owne nature hote drie and cholericke And of these foure Elements both man beast fishes foule hearbe stone mettall haue their proper working not of one of the Elementes alone but of all some more and some lesse according to their natures Hippocrates saieth after the soule is gone from the bodie the body doeth returne to the first matter whereof it was made And to conclude all things that be made vpon earth shall returne vnto the earth againe in tyme. Ioh. What might not men beasts fish or foule hearbe or tree bee of one element aswell
strong trauel soone after meate which coruption of disgestion is the mother of all diseases and the beginner of all infirmities as Auicen reporteth And if you see this will not helpe to disgest your ingorged full stomake then prouoke your selfe to sleepe lying vppon your right side leauing toward your breast and belly laying your warme hand vpon your breast as Auerois saith the power of disgestion is made strong when a man sléepeth For naturall heat that is drawen inwardly with warmnes or heat hath power to digest But if sleepe ease you not prouoke vomit or fast it out and this is the counsell of many learned men For it is no meruaile although many meates corrupt one man which be of sundrie and diuers workinges in the stomake liuer and veine for the qualities doe hinder nature as much as the quantities And take heed these signes and euill tokens be not found in youth The paines of all your members with idlenes and wearines to go or moue your bodie Sodayne great blushing or rednesse in your face veines swelled and puffed vp red vryne and grosse skinne exteÌ„ded or stretched out with fulnes like a blowen bladder and ful pulses small desire to meat il rest griefe in sléepe séeming in sléep to beare some intollerable burden or dreaming to be spéechlesse these be the euill dangerous tokens of replection And of this I giue you warning for it hath slaine as manie by aboundance as hunger hath killed through scarcitie Ioh. I haue heard say that holsome aire is a great comfort to mans nature but corrupt ayre doth much harme I shall require you therefore to tell me of the good and the bad aire that I may learne to vse the good and refuse the bad Hum. Galen in lib. de Sectis saieth A wise phisicion ought to know the natures of men of waters of aire of regions and dwellings generally particularly to thy self being a naturall English man of birth and education this land is very temperat Howbeit our dwellinges in this land be variable as fennes marishes woods heithes valleis playnes and rockie places and neare the sea side But the said Galen geueth counsell in his regiment of health saying a good aire which is pure and holsome is that which is not troubled in standing water pooles Therefore marish grounds and places where hempe and flax is rotten dead carrions be cast or multitudes of people dwelling together or houses enuironed with standing waters whereinto iakes or sinks haue issues or wallowing of swine or carion vnburied or foule houses or such like places be dangerous corrupteth the bloud which is worse than infection of meate for the prince saith that al places of coÌ„cauets as sellers vaults holes of minerals where mettels be digged or houses or wals ioined togither where as the sun with reflexioÌ„ beateth in w c sodain heat whose absence bringeth cold this aire is distempered but pleasant clear aire swéete gardens goodly hilles in dayes temperat when one may sée far off These be good also there be certaine stars called infortunates in their exaltation whose influence bringeth corruption to creatures rot and pestileÌ„ce to man and beasts poisoning waters and killing of fish blasting of fruite in trées and corne in the fields infecting men with diuers diseases feuers palsies dropsies fransies falling sicknesses and leprosies Against the said influences al christian men must pray to God to be their defence for they be Gods instrumeÌ„ts to punish the earth Example we haue of mortall pestilence horrible feuers and sweating sicknes and of late a generall feuer that this land is often greatly plaged withall Then one must make a fire in euerie chimney within the house and burne swéete perfumes to purge this foule aire and now in conclusion to answere thy question for the health of dwelling Auicen saith to dwell vpon hils is cold And in vallies comprised with hilles is hote Upon a hill side against the north is cold and drie Towarde the west grose and moist verie subtill towardes the East And cleare and warme towards the South And Rasis saieth in his first booke Afforien A man dwelling néere the Sea side or great waters can not liue long nor cannot be without weaknes of members or blindnes but the best building of a house is vpon a drie ground and a hill towardes the west side and southwest dores and windowes open towards the east and north east hauing neere vnto the said house sweet springs of ruÌ„ning waters from stonie or chaulkie ground which is both pleasaunt and profitable to the house For Hippocrates saieth in his booke of Aire and Water the second chapter cities and townes which are placed toward the east be more sure then the townes builded towardes the north for temperat aire or winde and sicknesses be lesse And in the said book Auicen greatly commendeth pleasant riuers running towards the rising of the sunne the dwellers in such places sayeth he be fayre and well fauored smothe skinned cleare and sharpe voyces and thus to conclude with thée this shal suffise at this time what and where good and pleasant dwelling is Note also that thou must obserue aire in sicknes as thou must do meate in sicknes colde sicknesses warme aire drie sicknesses moist aire and so in the contraries to them that be sick and they that be hole aire of like qualitie is moist holsom they that haue long sicknesses chaunge of aire is a great helpe both in feuers dropsies falling sicknesses and rheumes Ioh. I haue found verie much disquietnes in my body when my sâ—ruants and labouring familie haue found case and yet wee are partakers of one aire Hum. The cause why thy labouring seruants in the fielde at plough pastures or woodde haue such good health is exercise labour and thy disquietnes commeth partly of idlenes and lack of trauell which moderatly vsed is a thing most soueraign to nature Ioh. I pray thee tel me some thing of exercise Hum. The well learned man Fulgentius saith that exercise is a file and chaufer of the heate naturall which chaseth away sléepe and consumeth superfluous strength Of the naturall vertues redeeming of time enemie vnto Idlenes due vnto yong men ioy of old men and to say the truth he which doth abstein from exercise shall lack the ioyes of health and quietnesse both of body and minde And Galen saieth in his regiment of health if wee will keepe perfite health wee must begin at labour and moderate trauell and then to our meate and drinke and so foorth to sléepe and this is the cause why hawkers shooters hunters and plowmen gardeners c. haue so good disgestion and strength of bodie Who be stronger armed men than Smithes because of the exercise of their armes stronger bodied than carpenters which lift great blockes and masons which doe beare great stones not onely in their youth but such men will take maruellous trauels in age which
Dioscorides saieth that if this hearbe with swynes greace be stamped together laied vpon an olde rotten sore being hot it hath vertue to heale it the seed of this hearbe drunke with wine is good against the beeing of Serpentes stopping of the liuer and bloudy flix Ioh. Some say that the hearbe dragon is of great vertue Hum. The iuice of it saith Dioscorides dropped into the eie doth clense it and giueth much might vnto the eies of them which haue darke sightes the water of this hearbe hath vertue against the pestilence If it be drunke blood warm with Uenice triacle the sauor of this hearbe is hurtfull to a woman newly conceyued with child Plinie saith that who so beareth this hearbe vpon them no venemous serpent will doe them harme This hearbe is hot and drie Ioh. There is a very sweete flower called a Violet is it so profitable as it is pleasant Hum. Simeon Sethi reporteth that it doth helpe against hote inflamations of the guts head and stomacke if the cause be of burning choler Either the water sirop or conserue of the said Uiolets either eaten or drunke in the time of any hot passion But vndoubttedly it offendeth the heart because of the coldnesse the sauour of the flowers be pleasant the oile that is made of this hearbe hath vertue to bring quiet sléepes to them which haue grieuous hot paine in the head Ioh. What is the vertu of the pleasant white lillie Hum. Dioscorides saith that the oyle of Lillies doeth mollifie the Synewes and the mouth of the matrixe the iuice of Lillies Uineger and Honie sodden in a brasen vessell doeth make an oyntment to heale both new and olde wounds If the roote bée rosted and stamped with roses it maketh a healing plaister agaynst burning of fire the same roote rosted hath vertue to breake a pestilent sore applyed hote vnto the sore place and is drie in the first degrée The Oyle of water Lillies bee moyst sufferent agaynst all hote diseases to annoint the ardent places and doth reconcile quiet sleepe if the forehead be anointed therwith Ioh. In the time of the pestilence my wife maketh me a medicin of an hearb called Centauri doth she well or not Hum. Plini saieth that the sirop of this hearbe drunke with a little vineger and salt doeth cleanse the bodie the leaues and flowers be of great vertue to be sodden and drunke against al raw humors of grosse fleugme watry or windy it doth clense â—ruent or bloody matter within the bodies of men or women The powder of this hearbe is good in pessaries for women causing the dead childe to depart from the mother and is wholsome against the pestilence in the time of winter and is hote and drie Ioh. Wee beautifie and make pleasant our windowes with Rosemarie vsing it for small other purposes Hum. Rosemarie is an hearbe of great vertue hote and drie sodden in Wine and drunken before meate it doeth heale the kings euill or paines in the throate as Dioscorides and Galen sayth the sauour of it doth comfort the braine and heart the flowers of Rosemarie is an excellent cordiall called Anthos Ioh. Is Puliol royal an hearb of any value or a weed of contemption Hum. It is an hearbe of much vertue and profite hote and drie in the thirde degrée Dioscorides saith if this hearbe be sodden with honie Aloes and drunke it will cleanse the liuer and purge the bloud most chiefly it helpeth the lungs Simeon Sethi saith if women drinke it with white wine it will prouoke and cleanse the termes menstrual and is a very wholesome pot hearbe Ioh. What saist thou vnto mustard Hum. Plinius doth greatly laud it saying that there is nothing that doth pearse more swiftlier into the braine than it doth Honie vineger and mustard tempered together is an excellent Gargarisma to purge the heade téeth and throate Mustarde is good against all the diseases of the stomacke or lunges winde fleugme or rawnes of the guts and conduceth meate into the bodie prouoketh vrine helpeth the palsie wasteth the quartane dryeth vp moist rheumes applied plaister wise vnto the head Honie and Mustard helpeth the cough and is good for them that haue the falling sickenesse notwithstanding the common vse of Mustard is an enemie to the eye Many more vertues haue I read of Mustard but the occasion of time hath vnhappily preuented not onely my large discription in this but also in many other simples which hereafter I intend largely to write vpoÌ„ it if it please God to permit me Ioh. They say that Buglos is verie wholesome Hum. It is an hearbe most temperate betwéene hote and colde of an excellent vertue a comforter of the heart a purger of melancholy a quieter of the frenzie a purger of the vrine holsome to be drunk in wine but most effectual in sirup Dioscorides and Galen doth greatly commend this hearb and that doth dayly experience well proue Iohn What is thy minde of sweete Basill Hum. This hearbe is warme in the second degree hauing the vertue of moystnesse and if it be sodden in wine with Spicknard and drunke it is good agaynst dropsies windes fleugme coldnesse of the heart hardnesse of the stomacke the sauour of Basill doeth comfort the braine and heart the vse of this hearbe in meates doeth decay the sight Ioh. The plaine people of the countrey will say that those flowers which bee pleasant in smelling bee oftentimes vnwholsom in working the rose is pleasant in sense what is it in vertue Hum. It hath an odour most pleasant and hath vertue to coole and bind The water is good to make Manus Christi and many other goodly cordials Roses and vineger applied vnto the forehead doe bring sléepe conserue of Roses haue vertue to quench burning choler and to stay the rage of a hote feuer Oyle of Roses Uineger and the white of an egge beaten together doth not onely quench sacra ignis but also bring a madde man into quietnesse if his foreheade bee well annoynted therewith after the recept of Pilles of Chochi in the time of the Pestilence there is nothing more comfortable than the sauour of roses Ioh. What saiest thou of Sauerie Hum. It is hote and drie in the third degrée if the gréene hearbe bee sodden in water or white wine and drunke these be his vertues to make the liuer sort to cleanse dropsies colde coughes cleanseth womens diseases and separateth the dead child from the mother as Dioscorides Galen saith Also Germander is not much vnlike the vertue of this hearbe Ioh. But for troubling of you I would be glad to know your minde of Time and of a few other hearbes Hum. It is vehement of heat with drinesse in the third degrée Dioscorides saith if it be drunk with vineger and salt it purgeth fleugme sodden with hony or meide it hath vertue to cleanse the lunges breast matrix reynes and bladder and killeth
mightie men It maketh men like to monsters with countinaunces like vnto burning coales It dishonoureth noble men and beggereth poore men and generally killeth as many as be slaine in cruell battelles the more it is to be lamented Ioh. What is beere or ale Hum. Ale doth engendre grosse humors in the body but if it be made of good barly mualt and of wholsone water and verie well sodden and stand fiue or sixe daies vntill it be cleare It is verie wholesome especially for hot cholericke folkes hauing hote burning feuers But if Ale bee very sweete and not well sodden in the brewing it bringeth inflammation of winde and choller into the belly If it be very sower it fretteth and nippeth the guts and is euill for the eies To them that be verie flegmaticke ale is verie grosse but to temperat bodies it encreaseth bloud It is partely laxatiue and prouoketh vrine Cleane brewed beere if it be not very strong brewed with good hops clenseth the body from corruption and is very wholsome for the liuer it is an vsuall or common drinke in most places of England which indeede is hurt and made worse with many rotten hops or hoppes dried like dust which commeth from beyond the sea But although there commeth manie good hoppes from thence yet it is knowen that the goodly stilles and fruitfull grounds of England do bring forth to mans vse as good hops as groweth in any place of this world as by proofe I know in many places of the countrey of Suffolke Whereas they brewe their beere with the hoppes that groweth vpon their owne grounds And thus to conclude of ale and beere they haue no such vertue nor goodnes as wyne hath and the sur fetes which be taken of them through drunkennes be worse then the surfetes taken of wyne Knowe this that to drinke ale or beere of an empty stomacke moderatly hurteth not but dooeth good But if one be fasting hungry or empty and drinke much wine it will hurt the sinewes and bringeth crampe sharpe agues and palsies as Auicen Auerois and Rasis saie Ioh. What is bread Hum. The best Bread is made of cleane sweete wheate which groweth in claie ground and maketh but little branne when it is ground light leauened meanely salted and the bread to be baked in an ouen not extremely hot for burning of the bread nor les then meane hâ—t for causing the bread to be heauie and rawe the lighter the bread is and the more full of holes it is the wholsomer as Auerrois and Rasis saieth And also bread must neither be eaten new baked nor verie stale or old for the one causeth drinesse thirst and smoking into the head troubling the braines and eies through the heate thereof The other drieth the body and bringeth melancholy humours hurting memory The best bread is that which is of a day olde and the loues or manchets may neither be great nor little but meane for the fier in small loues drieth vp the moistnes or vertue of the bread and in great loues it leaueth rawnesse and grosnesse Reade Galen in the properties of bread Sodden bread which be called simnels or cracknelles bee verie vnwholsome and hurteth many one Rie bread is windy and hurtfull to manie therefore it shoulde be well salted and baked with Annis seedes and commonly crustes of bread be verie drie and burneth they doe engender melancholy humours Therefore in great mens houses the bread is chipped and largelye pared and ordynarily is made in brewesse and sosse for dogges which will helpe to feede a great number of poore people but that many be more affectionate to dogges then men Barly bread doth clense coole and make the body leane Ioh. What is rise Hum. There be many opinions in the vertue thereof but I shall stay my selfe with the iudgement of Auicen Rise saith he is hot and drie and hath vertue to stop the belly it doth nourish much if it bee sodden with milke but it ought to be steeped in water a whole night before if blanched Almondes be stamped and with Rosewater streined into them and sodden with cowes milke it is verie nutrimentall Ioh. What be almondes Hum. The bitter Almondes be hotter then the sweete Almondes Drie Almondes be hurtfull the milke of moist Almonds wherein burning steele is quenched stoppeth the flix To eate almondes before meate preserueth against drunkenes Walnuts be wholsome when they be new to bee eaten after fish for they hinder engendring of fleugme Simeon Sethi saith they are hote in the first and drie in the second degree not wholsome before meate Plinie speaking of Metridatis the great king that Pompius found of his owne hand writing that two nuttes and two figges and twenty rewe leaues stamped together with a little salt and eaten fasting doth defend a man both from poison and pestilence that daie Filberdes and hazle nuttes be hard of disgestion ill before meate hurtfull to the head and lunges if they be rosted and eaten with a little pepper they will helpe the running and distillation of rumes Chesnuttes if they bee rosted and eaten with a little hony fasting they helpe the cough if they be eaten raw although they greatly nourrish the brdy yet they be hurtfull for the splene and fill the belly full of winde Nutmegges be very good for colde persons comforteth the sight and memory as Auicen saieth but without doubt Nutmegges doe combust or burne sanguine men and drie vp their bloud and thus much haue I spoken shortly of the vertue of nuttes Ioh. What be cloues galangell and Pepper Hum. They be hote and drie and as Rasis saieth doe comfort colde stomackes and make sweete breath and is good in the meates of them that haue ill disgestion Blacke pepper is hoter then long pepper and doth mightily warme the bodie the grosser it is eaten with fish or frute the better it prouoketh vrine it is hot and drie in the fourth degree therefore they doe erre that saie pepper is hot in the mouth and colde in the stomacke Although pepper be good to them that vse it well yet vnto artificiall women that haue more beastlines then beuty and cannot be content with their natural complexions but would faine be fayre they eate pepper dried corne and drinke vineger with such like bagage to drie vp their bloud and this is the verie cause that a great number though not all fall into weakenes greene sickenesse slinking breathes and oftentimes sodaine death Iohn What is sweete Callamus odoratus Hum. An excellent sweete roote and profitable for men if the poticaries keepe it not vntill it bee rotten it is hote and drie in the beginning to the mides of the second degree it hath power to clense to dry to waste al winds within the body without hurt Galen doth greatly commend the sauour of it They that drinke of this roote sodden in wine shall haue remedie of the white morphew and recouer
hearbe is hote and dry and prouoketh vrine clenseth the matrix stoppeth the bloud in a wound If it be put in a pigge it dryeth the humours that would engender fleugme it is good against the paulsie oftentimes eaten or sodden in wine it will helpe and clense itch scabs and filth from the pudent and secret members Aetius doeth greatly commend this hearbe and the excellent regiment of Salern where it saith Cur moritur homo cui saluia crescit in horto enquiring why men doe die that haue Sage growing in gardens But truely neither Phisicke hearbe nor cunning can make man immortall but assuredly Sage is holsome for old folkes to be put into their meates for it clenseth fleugme from the sinews which fleugme will relax the sinewes The wine of sage drunke vpon an emptie stomake is holesome for fleugmaticke persons or them which haue the falling sicknes or dropsie Ioh. What is Polopodie that groweth vpon the Oke tree Hum. If this hearbe bee sodden with Beetes and Mallowes in the broth of a henne and drunke it will loose the belly and clense fleugme the roote of this hearbe beeing drie and beaten into fine powder and drawen into the nostrilles helpeth a disease called Polipus Ioh. I haue hearde talke of Hoorehound I would faine heare of his working Hum. It is a hearbe hote and drie if it be sodden with faire water suger or hony and streine it this drinke doeth clense the stomake from stinking fleugme it is an excellent hearbe for women to clense their moneth tearmes the water of this is good to helpe them which haue a moist rewme falling from the head vpon the lunges beeing often drunke but it is hurtefull to the bladder and reines the sirope thereof doeth clense the kings euil and also put into the eares doeth greatly comforte the hearing if the eares be troubled and stamped with hony and applied into the eies it clenseth the sight Ioh. What is Verben Hum. It is called the holy hearbe it dryeth and bindeth if it bee sodden with vineger it helpeth a disease called saint Anthonies fier oftentimes waâ—hing the pained place the leaues of Uerben and Roses and fresh swines grease stamped togither will seace paine and griefe in euery wounde and will keepe woundes from corruption it is good for people that haue the tertian or quartaine Agues and thus saith Dioscorides moreouer he saith the weight of a dram of this hearb with three halpenies weight of Olibbulom and put in nine ounces of olde wine tempered togither and drunke fortie daies of this quantity fasting it wil helpe a disease called the kings euill or paine in the throate Ioh. What is Rew or hearbe Grace Hum. I tell thee this hearbe is verie hote and bitter and doth burne because of his hotenes in the third degree if a littie of this Rew be stamped and sodden with wine and drunke it is an excellent medicine against poyson and pestilence with Roses and vineger and Rew stamped togither and put in forred cloth or biggen applied vnto the temples of the head or forehead doe cease grieuous paines itn the head And in like maner it healedh the bitings of serpentes or dogs stamped with vineger many nice people cannot abide it crying fie it stinkes The seede of this hearbe beaten in powder and put in fresh clarified butter and pitch melted togither is good for them to drinke that are brused Ioh. What is burnet Hum. It is of the nuture of fiue finger drie and binding and not moist as many saith stampe it and put it to the eies doeth take away the dropping and pricking and doth heale woundes and is good to drinke for the tercian Ague Ioh. What is Dandilion Hum. It is trmperate colde and drie with Roses and vineger tempered togither it helpeth the head in hote diseases The sowthistle called Soncus hath the same vertue and so hath Suckery if they be sodden they lose the belly and quencheth heat which burneth in the stomake and defendeth the heade from hote smoking vapours and purgeth yellow choller and rebateth venerous aâ—d fleshly heat and is good to be sodden and drunke in hoate burning Agues though this hearbe be commonly knowen and counted of many as a vile weede yet it is reported of Dioscorides to be an excellent hearbe Ioh. What is Spynnage Hum. An hearbe much vsed in meate colde and moist in the first degree it mollifieth and maketh softe the belly it is good for them that be hote and drie and ill for fleugmatike men Ioh. What is Cucumbers Hum. They be truely in the seconde degree very moist and colde The seedes be good to be giuen in hote sickenesses the powder of the said seedes drunke in cleane wine is good against diuers passions of the heart this fruit wil cause one to make water well the roote dried in powder therof drunken in water and hony prouoketh vomite if they be moderately eaten they bring good blood tempered with hony and annointe the eies that helpeth a disease called Epinictidas which troubleth men with strange sightes in the nightes the best of this fruit is which beareth the best seedes the sauour of that is not holsome mellons citrons pompons and this kinde of pepons or great apples be much vsed in England and are more common than profitable because they vse to eate them raw English men being borne in a temperate region inclining to colde may not without hurt eate rawe herbs rootes and frutes plentifull as many men which be borne far in the South partes of the world which bee most hote of stomacke therefore let them eate these fruites boiled or baked with hony and pepper and fennell seedes or such like there be an other hote kind of bitter cucumers which do purge Ioh. What is garlike Hum. Garlike is very hote and drie in the fourth degree it troubleth the stomacke it is hurtfull to the eies and head it encreaseth drienesse but it will prouoke vrine and is good to be laied vppon the biting of a snake or adder it is good for the emeroids applied to the sore place being first stamped if it be sodden the stinke is taken from it but the vertue remaineth to be eaten against the coughes and paines in the lungs it cutteth and consumeth corrupt fleugme and bringeth sleepe It is not good for hote men nor women with childe or nurces giuing milke to children but Galen calleth it the common peoples treacle if sanguine men do eate much of it it will make them to haue red faces but it is a speciall remedy against poison Ioh. What is onions Hum. They doe make thin the blood and bring sleepe they be not good for chollericke men the long onion is more vehementer than the round and the red more than the white the drie more than the greene and the rawe more vehementer than the sodden or preserued in salt although they doe cause steepe very painefull and
troublous hoate in the third degree and warme in the stomacke clenseth the stomacke and bringeth good colour vnto the face and helpeth the greene sickenesse prouoketh vrine openeth the emeroides If they bee sodden in vineger and laide warme to them peele off the rinde and cutte it at both the endes and cast it into a faire warme water and let it lie an houre or two and then slice it this taketh away the vehement sharpenesse of of it Rew Salt Hony and one onion stamped together is a goodly plaister to lay vppon the biting of a dogge leekes doe purge the blood in March and paine the head and be not greatly praised for their ill iuyce A doge saieth Dioscorides the head being annoynted with the iuyce thereof keepeth haire from falling there is much varietie of this onion amongest writers saieth Plinie but this shall suffise Iohn What is Lettice Humfrey It doth mightily encrease milke in womens breasts and therefore is called Lettice as Martiall saieth first shall be giuen to the vertue and power to encrease milke in the breastes euery houre Lettice is a hearb colde and moist and is comfortable for a hote stomacke bringeth sleepe mollifieth the belly the drier it be eaten the better it is I meane if it be not much washed in water adding thereunto some cleane Salleâ— Oyle Sugar and Uineger it abateth carnall lust and much vse of it dulleth the sight the seede of it is very precious There is an hearbe called Rocked gentle which partely smelleth like a Foxe the which is very hote an encreaser of seede which hearb must alwayes be eaten with Lettis The roote thereof sodden in water will drawe broken bones and will helpe the cough in yoong children Iohn What be mintes Humfrey Mintes be of two kindes garden and wilde mintes they be hote vnto the third and doe drie in the second degree Garden mint is best the poulder of this with the iuice of Pomegranates stoppeth vomites helpeth sighing cleanseth hote choller Three branches of this sodden with wine doeth helpe repletion drunke fasting This iuice tempered with good triacle and eaten of children in mornings will kill wormes and stamped with salt applie it to the biting of a dogge and it will heale it It is wholesome sodden with windy meates and sodden in posset ale with fennell it helpeth the collicke it encreaseth vitall seede It is not best for chollericke complexions but good for fleugmatike and indifferent for melancholy and it will stoppe blood stamped and applied to the place The iuyce of mintes is best to mingle in medicine against poison the poulder of Mintes is good in pottage to helpe disgestion and to make sweete breath Iohn What is fennell Humfrey It hath power to warme in the third degree and drie and maketh sweete the breath the seede eaten oftentimes vpon an empty stomacke doeth helpe the eie sight the rootes cleane washed be very wholesome in pottage and are good in tisants the greene or redde tufts growing vpon the stalkes sodden in wine pottage or ale helpeth the bladder the reines and breaketh the stone encreaseth milke in womens breastes and seede of generation It is good for to vse Endiue or such like with it because it is very hote and good in Barbars baâ—hs washing water and with balme sauerie It is good to wash ones feete to bedward the sirrope is very wholsome it helpeth a fleugmatike stomacke Iohn What is Hisope Hum. An hearb commonly knowen growing in gardens and hote in the third degree it hath vertues to make humors thinne and warme sodden with figges rew and hony in cleane water and drunk it greatly helpeth the sickenesse in the lungs olde cough and rotten humours dropping vpon the lungs sodden with erius and graines of paradise called the Cardamon it mightily purgeth and bringeth good colour Figges salt Nitrum and Isope stamped together and applied to the splene helpeth it much and taketh away the water that runnes between the skinne and the flesh sodden with Oximel it cleanseth fleugme Iohn What is Sention Hum. It is of a mixt temperament it cooleth and partly clenseth if it be chopped and sodden in water and drinke it with your pottage it will heale the griefe of the stomacke and purge it from hote choller his downe with saffron and colde water stamped and put in the eies it will dry the running droppes and stamped plaister wise it helpeth many greeuous woundes Ioh. What is Pursleine Hum. Colde in the third and moist in the second if it be stamped with steeped barly it maketh a goodly plaister to coole the head eies and liuer in agues burning heate To eate of it stoppeth flixes and quencheth burning choller and extinguish venerous lust and greatly helpeth the reines and bladder and will kill round wormes in the belly and comfort the matrixe against much fleugme And the iuice is good to drinke in hote feuers it may be preserued with salt and then it is very good with rosted meates Plinie saieth it is supposed to make the sight blunt and weake further hee saieth that in Spaine a great noble man whome hee did knowe did hang this pursleine roote in a threede commonly about his necke which was much troubled of a long sicknesse and was healed Ioh. What is mugwort Hum. Mugwoort and fetherfoy and tansey be very hote and drie in the second degree Muggewoorte Spurge and the oyle of Almondes tempered plaisier-wise and applied colde vnto the sicke pained stomacke will bring health It is good in baths saieth Galen it is wholsome for women it cleanseth and warmeth and comforteth and breaketh the stone Plinie saieth It is good against serpents and wholesome for trauailing men if they carry it it comforteth them from wormes Tansey doeth mightily cast woormes from children drunke with wine A colde plaister stamped and laied vppon the belly of a woman whose childe is dead within her it will separate the dead childe from the liuing mother causing her to neese with betony leaues Iohn There is an hearbe commonly vsed to the great reliefe of very many called Cabbage is it so good as it is reported of Humfrey Cabage is of two properties of binding the belly and making laxatiue the iuyce of cabages lightly boiled in fresh beefe broth is laxatiue but the substance of this hearb is hard of disgestion but if it be twise sodden the broth of it will also binde the belly if it be tempered with allum This herb hath vertue to cleanse a new red leprosie laid on the sore place in the maner of a plaister But to conclude of this hearbe the broth of it hath vertue to preserue from drunkenes as Aristotle Rasis and Auicen do report eaten before drinking time Ioh. What is Philopendula Hum. It is an hearbe hot and drie if it be sodden in white wine drunk It drieth vp windy places in the guttes and clenseth the raines in the backe and bladder Ioh. What is Agremonie Hum.