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ID	Title	Author	Corrected Date of Publication (TCP Date of Publication)	STC	Words	Pages
A69834	Galen's art of physick ... translated into English, and largely commented on : together with convenient medicines for all particular distempers of the parts, a description of the complexions, their conditions, and what diet and exercise is fittest for them / by Nich. Culpeper, Gent. ...; Technē iatrikē. English	Galen.; Culpeper, Nicholas, 1616-1654.	1652 (1652)	Wing C7517; Wing G159; ESTC R22670	55,815	130

can and now and then between whiles learn to scratch his Head with a pair of wiser Nails Lastly Such as have any wit in their Heads may hereby come to all the judgment of Urine that I as yet know of or where it grows But after a long degression I return to my Author whom I left at Chap. 60. Signs of a dry Stomach THe Indications of the Stomach when it is dryer than Naturally it ought to be are If the par●● be very thirsty and is sufficed by a little Drink but burdened if he drink much he spits much and he delights in dry Meats Imagine meats roasted till they are burned burned crusts of Bread and the like Culpeper Things Medicinal for a dry Stomach are Syrup of Violets Violet Leaves and Strawberry Leaves Barberries Lettice Purslane Roses Apples Cherries Strawberries Water-Lillies Orrenges Lemmons Cucumers Prunes Tamarinds with many other things which you may find in my English Physitian Chap. 61. Of a moist Stomach IF the Stomach be moister than it ought to be the man is seldom a thirst yet will the Stomach endure much moisture and takes delight only in moist meats Culpeper Simples Medicinal are Galanga Cinnamon Pomegranate Pills Mastich Wormwood Mints Mother of time Sage Rosemary Flowers Cloves Nutmegs Annis seeds Cardamoms Pepper If the Stomach be too moist be sure that party hath little Appetite to his Victuals in such a case take Cinnamon Galanga Cloves Pomegranate Pills of each a like quantity beat them to Pouder and let the sick take half a dram every morning in any convenient Liquor Chap. 62. Signs of a hot Stomach IF the Stomach be hot it digests faster than the Appetite calls for food nay it usually makes a better shift with Meats hard of digestion than it doth with those that are easie because it is subject to corrupt meats lights of Digestion it rejoyceth in hot Meats and Drinks neither is it hurt by such as are cold if they be moderately taken Culpeper It is to be supposed that Galen speaks here of the Stomach Naturally hot not distempered by heat for then driness must of necessity be joyned with it and indeed the Stomach is the Cook-room of the Body and it cannot well have too great a fire in it unless you ●ire the House or the Chimney I mean cause an Inflamation in the Stomach or the Throat I shall only give this Caution Let such accustom their Bodies to meats hard of digestion as Beef Pork Cheese Herrings Salt-fish c. Chap. 63. Signs of a cold Stomach THe Stomach that is cold by Nature hath a very quick Appetite I suppose because that which causeth the Appetite comes from the Spleen but alas-a-day when it hath satisfied Appetite the digestive faculty is not at home or else 't is so feeble 't is not able to do it's Office and yet their misery is such they usually desire meats not easie to be digested and therefore they are alwaies troubled with sowr belchings they cannot endure cold things should outwardly be applied to their Stomachs neither indeed can such as have hot Stomachs endure hot things should be applied to that Region but those distempers which seize the Stomach by reason of some Disease differ from those that are Natural for the Stomach diseased desires its contrary inwardly viz. if it be hot it desires cold things but when the heat is Natural it desires its like Culpeper A Stomach naturally cold for I told you before that was Galens meaning and I assure you I translated him at first sight I say if the Stomach be naturally cold your best way is to warm it a little you may do it by taking a dram of London Treacle every morning or a little Mithridate or Diagalanga Aromaticum Cariophylatum c. or by eating a little green Ginger As for Simples you may take the Roots of Fennel Calamus Aromaticus Avens Galanga Ginger the Leaves of Wormwood Fennel Mints Sage mother of time Squinanth Cloves Nutmegs Cinnamon Annis Seeds Cardamoms Pepper c. the Leaves of Bawm and Carduus Chap. 64. Of ill Temperatures commixed in the Stomach IF you fear a Commixture of Distemperatures in your Stomach compare them with the Simple tempers and you may easily find out what they be neither would I have you mind the Stomach alone but also other parts of the Body for 't is not the Stomach alone which makes men thirsty but somtimes the Heart or Lungues which by drawing in air that is too hot and retaining it long cause heat in the Breast and such desire drink no less than such whose Stomach is too hot but you may distinguish it thus If the Breast be too hot the thirst is not ●laid by drinking and less quenched by drinking cold drink than by drinking hot also the Breathing in of cold air easeth such whose Breast is hot but doth no good at all to such whose Stomach is hot by these notes then you may distingnish them Chap. 65. Signs of cold Lungs THis is the greatest Indication of the coldness of the Lungs when you feel a manifest pain offence and coldnss at your Breast by drawing in cold air also a warm air is frindly to them and causeth them to cough up their Excrements with more ease Culpeper Things which heat the Lungs are Alicampane Liquoris Juyce of Liquoris Lohoch of Fox Lungs Bettony Hysop Bawm Scabious maiden Hair the Flowers and Conserves of these together with Compositions made of them also Juniper Berries sweet Almonds Hazel Nuts Figs Dates Raisons of the Sun Nettle Seeds c. Chap. 66. Signs of dry Lungs WHen the Lungs are dry they want Excrements to wit Flegm Spittle and as moisture of the Lungs causeth an obscure Voice so driness of the same causeth a cleer voice and when they strain to speak vehemently or acutely then Excrements come from the Nose or Mouth from which soever they come they come from the Lungs Culpeper If you find your Lungs be too dry you may moisten them with Medicines but be sure they be such Medicines as strengthen them also be not too busie fiddle-faddling with your own Bodies 't is an easier matter for you to make your selves sick than well yet I say if you manifestly find your Lungs too dry and find your selves withal prejudiced in health by it thus you may moisten them viz. by taking Lohoch Sa●um now and then with a Liquoris stick as also Syrup of Violets Poppies and Coltsfoot Simples Medicinal are the Seeds of white Poppies Jujubes Sebestens Strawberry Leaves Violet Leaves and Flowers c. Chap. 67. Of the Voyce YEt would I have you understand that greatness of the Voice comes not altogether from heat neither doth smalness of it in like manner from cold but greatness of the Voyce comes somtimes from the largeness of the Windpipe and smalness of Voice from its straitness therefore if you would judg by the voice you ought withal to regard the natural temper Chap. 68. Of a cleer and

which keeps his Court in the Spleen Thus you see how Elements Complexions and Humors are subservient the one to other even as the Spirit Soul and Body are if we may reason a minore ad ma●u● in the Microcosm 5. Me●b●●s or Limbs are Simple or Compound Principal or Subservient First Simple Members are 1. Bones 2. Cartilages 3. Ligaments 4. Veins 5. Arteries 6. Nerves 7. Tendons 8. Panides 9. Fat 10. Flesh 11. Skin Secondly Compound Members are 1. Head 2. Heart 3. Liver 4. Lungs 5. Legs 6. Arms 7. Hands Thirdly Principal Members are 1. Brain 2. Heart 3. Liver 4. Testicles Fourthly Members Subservient are 1. Nerves to carry the Animal Spirit 2. Arteries to carry the Vital Spirit 3. Veins to carry the Natural Spirit 4. Spermatick Vessels to carry the Procreative Spirit 6. Vertues are that whereby these act the Body and they are Vital Natural and Animal I forbear writing of them there being a Treatise of them Astrologo Physically handled by me already at the latter end of my Ephemeris for 1651. 7. Operations of these upon the Body of man are First The Animal Vertue causeth 1. Imagination Apprehension Fancy Opinion Consent c. in the two former Ventricles of the Brain 2. Judgment Esteem Reason Resolution Disposing Discerning in the middle Ventricle of the Brain 3. Calling to mind what is to come Remembrance of what is past in the hinder Ventricle of the Brain Secondly The Vital Vertue moveth 1. Joy Hope Mirth Singing by dilating the Heart 2. Sadness Sorrow Fear Sighing c. by compressing the Heart Thirdly The Natural Vertue 1. Altereth Food into Chyle Chyle into Blood and Humors Blood into Flesh 2. Joyneth formeth ingendreth encreaseth and nourisheth the Body of Man And now you see what Galen intends by a Healthful Body namely such a one where all these keep a good and orderly decorum CHAP. 5. Of a Body Vnhealtbful 1. A Body is simply unhealthful which is born mutilated by Nature as wanting some Members or some Operations or sences that is not perfect in respect of those Seven Natural things before mentioned as that cannot See Hear or Smel or is a Fool c. 2. According to time a Body is unhealthful that is at present sick in Body or distemper'd in mind or his Body broken or bruised in any part of it whether internal or external that hath an accidental distemper in any of the seven Natural things This is so cleer it needs no Comment CHAP. 6. Of a Body Neutral THis as we told you before carries a threefold signification 1. As things partake of either extremety swerving from the Rules of Healthfulness 2. As they partake of both of them together equally 3. As somtimes the one exceeds somtimes the other in resp●ect of time 1. Taken in the first Sence it is an exquisite medium between healthful and unhealthful Bodies And that First Naturally or Simply as many people are born of unhealthful or sickly Constitutions so that the Nativity as a cause produceth such an effect in every age Secondly According to time when the Body is neither perfectly in Health nor yet sick such a one as the proverb saith Is neither sick enough to lie in Bed nor well enough to follow his Imployment 2. Taken in the Second Sence A Neutral Body is such a Body as partakes of diverse contrary qualities either in one part of the Body or in diverse when there is an opposition between them and this concerns either the Formation of the Body or the Endowments of the mind or temperature of the parts when one contrary appears healthful the other unhealthful and this also 1. As it appears generally in al the ages of the Life 2. As it appears but particularly at some certain times 3. Taken in the third Sence it is when the ages of a mans Life Differ in respect of Health and Sickness as a man may be healthful in his Childhood and unhealthful in his youth and the contrary viz. sickly in his infancy and healthful in Youth c. Culpepers Comment The First of these needs no explanation the other two are somthing Obscure as in the second Galen saith a man may partake of contrary qualities in the formation of the Body Viz. A man may have a H●ad too big and feet as much too little a man may have a Nose exceeding the common bigness and Eyes as much less than the common proportion and the like 2. In the Endowments of mind as thus A man may have a very good Apprehension yet a bad Memory a man may have very good Judgment in ordering a Battel and yet be a Coward 3. In the temperature of the parts the Liver may be ●oo hot and yet the Brain too cold you may understand the rest by these examples which are sufficient to explain Galens meaning To the third When the Ages of a mans Life differ in respect of health and sickness saith Galen which is no more than thus to give you one example A Childs Body or any part thereof may be too hot by reason of sucking a Chollerick Woman in youth either the whol Body or the same part of it may be too cold imagine the Liver Brain or the like it may be too hot in Manhood too cold in Age or the contrary to these Thus much for Bodies we come now to unfold the Signs CHAP. 7. Of SIGNS OF these some indicate present health others proclaim health to come a third sort put us in mind of health past In the same manner likewise some unhealthful Signs shew present Sickness others give fair warning that sickness is coming other indications call to our remembrance the sickness past Imagine the like by Neutrals some shew a present Neutral condition foreshew it coming call it to mind being past and shew a disposition as well healthful as sickly The use of the First and Second of these is admirable the last is not so absolutely useful And thus have we shewed you what Signs are we come to treat of them particularly CHAP. 8. Signs of a very good Constitution OF these some are deduced from the Reason or Essential Cause thereof or from necessary consequen which follow such operations and cases of which the first are called Essential the othe● Accidental Such as are Essentially of good Constitution are such in whose Bodies heat coldness driness and moisture are equally tempered the Instruments of the Bodie are composed in every part of due bigness number place and Formation Culpeper I shall here for the benefit of yong Students intermix my Comment with the Text Whereas Galen saith a good Constitution consists of heat cold driness and moisture equally tempered you must not imagine they are so all over the Body but according to place for the Heart is and should be hotter than the Brain c. but each part exceeds not its due proportion in these the Brain is not hotter colder drier nor moister than it should be judg so by the Heart

Men must use 1. Such meats as are hot moist and easie to digest 2. Such drinks as make the Humors thin and purge the blood by Urine My third Principle consists in Excrements of the Body These consist in Fulness and Emptiness which I shall devide and speak of both apart and therefore 1. Of Fulness in which consider 1. Its Substance 2. Its Kinds 3. Its Differences 4. Its Place 5. Its Cause 6. Its Signs 7. Its Cure 8. Its Accidents First Fulness in Substance is 1. Of Nourishment either profitable or unprofitable 2. Of Spirits either gross or thick or subtil and thin 3. Of Humors either good or bad 4. Of Excrements which are diverse Secondly The kinds of Fulness are either in Quantity or Quality 1. In Quantity in respect of Nourishment or Humors In respect of Humors 1 When all the Humors abound which the Greeks call Plethora the Latins Plenitudo and we properly may call Fulness and this happens either in the Veins or Arteries 2 When only one Humor abounds Puta Choller Flegm Melancholly 2. In respect of Quality when the Humors are hotter colder thicker thinner salter sowrer c. than is fit and this is called Carochymial Thirdly Its Differences are 1. Universal possessing the whol Body 2. Particular possessing only some part thereof Fourthly The place is different according to the matter offending be it Nourishment Spirits Humors or Excrements Fifthly The Cause is either General or Particular 1. General is 1 Meats corrupted in digestion for want of heat when the Stomach is not hot enough to digest the meat 2. Humors being either Plenitude or Cacochymia which what they are you had before 2. The Particular Cause is either of Spirits or Excrements Sixthly The Signs are different answering to the diversity of the Causes Seventhly Cure must be 1. According to the matter offending and place offended 2. The Evacuation of Plenitude is by Bleeding of Cacochymia by Purging Eighthly The Accidents are diverse according to the cause offending and place offended Having now spoken of Fulness what remains but that in sober sadness we speak a word or two of Emptiness in which consider 1. Its Definition 2. Its Kinds 3. Its Differences 4. Its Causes 5. Its Signs 6. Its Cure First The Definition of Emptiness consists 1. In want of Nourishment Spirit or Radical moisture 2. In the deminishing of these either in the General or Particular Secondly Its Kinds are 1. General when the whol Body grows thin weak slender or empty 2. Particular when any part of the Body was served the same Sawce Thirdly Its Differences are 1. Universal in the whol Body 2. Particularly in some part Fourthly Its Causes are 1. By Art as Purging Bleeding Sweating c. 2. By Accident as 1. By Obstruction of the Passages either of Vital heat or the Nutritive Faculty or avoiding of Excrements 2. By a Flux which either washeth away the Natural substance or hinders either Nourishment or Spirits from a particular place in the Body Fifthly The Signs of this is an Atrophia which is nothing else but a wasting or consuming of the whol Body or some particular part Sixthly The Cure is done 1. By removing the Cause 2. By restoring the lost substance My Fourth Principle consists in sleeping and watching which because they are inconsistent together we will treat of them apart in some particulars yet because Nature hath joyned them together so will I do also in others In sleep consider 1. What it is 2. Its Cause 3. Its Time 4. Its Quantity First Sleep is Rest and Quietness of the Body of the Mind and of the Spirits Secondly The Cause of sleep is 1. A sweet Vapor sent unto the Brain 2. The coldness of the Brain turns those Vapos into Humor● 1. Stopping the Conduits of the Nerves thereby prohibiting motion 2. Stopping the Sensoria or waies of the Sences thereby prohibiting understanding 3. Prohibiting the Spirits and thereby withstanding instigation to action Thirdly As for the time of sleeping the day-time is disliked and the night accounted only fitting Fourthly The Quantity of sleep is six seven or eight Hours according to the Complexion of the party of which you have plentiful information before The Difference of sleeping and watching are only Moderate and Immoderate I shall joyn them together in the first and see if I have writ enough to separate them in the second Both sleeping and watching moderately used for if you use the one immoderately you must needs do both so 1. Comforts Nature much 2. Refresheth the Memory 3. Cheers the Spirits 4. Quickens the Sences 5. Revives the Animal Vertue 6. Strengthens the Body 7. Helps Digestion 8. Expels Excrements The Vices of them both are far different and although I can close with those that have written Ethicks in this That all Vertues are a Medium between two Vices yet in other of their Tenets I cannot because some of them lead men to Atheism The Immoderate use then of sleeping and watching I shall speak of apart Immoderate watching 1. Makes giddy Brains 2. Fills the Body full of Rhewm 3. Dries the Brain 4. Breeds Aposthumes 5. Troubles the Spirits 6. Causeth Crudities 7. Makes Fools Immoderate sleep 1. Dulls the Sences 2. Causeth superfluous Excrements 3. Makes dull wits especially in old folks and Children 4. Retains the Excrements 5. Overmoistens the Brain 6. Fills the Brain full of Crudities I am now come to my Fifth part which consists in Exercise and Rest and this I shall wholly take apart In Exercise consider 1. What it is 2. Its Difference 3. Its Effects First Exercise is either Of the Body as cleaving of Logs c. Or of the Mind as Study c. Or of both as the Art of Defence c. Secondly The Differences of Exercise are 1. Moderate which is neither too much nor too little 2. Immoderate which is either Vehement or Excessive Thirdly The Effects of Exercise I shall take apart and I do not know but I may lawfully do so seeing neither God nor Nature have joyned them together Moderate Exercise 1. Stirs up Natural Heat 2. Equally distributes the Spirits 3. Opens the Pores 4. Wasts the Excrements of the third digestion 5. Strengthens the Body Sences and Spirits 6. Comforts all the Members 7. Profits Nature much Immoderate Exercise 1. Hurts the Body and all the Parts of it 2. Wasts dries consumes and wearies the Body and Spirits 3. Overthrows Natures Actions Thus having done with Exercise 't is best to write a word of Idleness or Rest. Rest is either Moderate or Immoderate Moderate Rest 1. Comforteth and refresheth Nature 2. Maintains Health in a good Decorum 3. Recruits a tyred Brain 4. Strengthens the Body in General the Sences and Members in Particular Excess in Rest or extream Idleness which you please 1. Dulls the Mind the Sences and Principal Instruments of the Body 2. It causeth Crudities evil Humors evil Excrements cold Sicknesses infinite Infirmities 3. Hastens old Age 4. Causeth Deformity

to take it often And he which we told you of that had an Obstruction in his Liver by reason of the narrowness of the Vessels and extenuating diet was found out for his Remedy Chap. 88. Of Solution of Continuity IT remains now that we speak a word or two of that kind of Disease which is incident both to Similar and Instrumental parts viz. Solution of Continuity or Unity which you please which although it happen many times to men in perfect health yet because it causeth passion it may be numbred amongst Diseases for if a sensible hurt of Operation make not a difference between health and sickness I know not what doth Yet amongst these also is some difference for some of these give Healthful Signs some Unhealthful and some Neutral as for the Cure that must be according to the Nature of the Part hurt and the Essence of the Disease hurting Culpeper Me thinks Galen is very misty and hard to be understood in this I shall give you his meaning as well as I can and rest confident if I do vary from the meaning of Galen as it may be I may not yet I will not vary at all from the truth Then consider 1. Solution of Unity is made by Wounds or Ulcers 2. A Wound is a Solution of Unity new bloody and without putrefaction and it is either 1. Simple without accidents 2. Compound with accidents as loss of substance Bruise Swelling Inflamation Pain Convulsion c. 3. Difference according to place or part of the Body 't is in whether Principal or not Principal Spermatical or not Spermatical 4. Difference in respect of end as great little hard or easie to cure dangerous mortal 3. An Ulcer is a Solution of unity with matter differing in substance from the flesh about it 1. Its kinds are either plain hollow fistulous sanious virulent cancrous corrosive putrefactive 2. Its accidents are pain swelling Inflamation hardness callus evil flesh hard lips distemper Worms Bones corrupted If any will contend that Fractures and Dislocations are Solutions of Unity they may I shall pass them here they being not things for every Child in Physick to meddle withal this is a Horn book to Physick and you shall seldom find Latin or Greek written in such a Book Chap. 89. Of the Common Intention of Cure THe Art of Curing hath one common Intention which is taking away that which is contrary to the Cure and all such Causes as bring Health do no more Also the disposition of every part to be cured is to be considered hot distempers are to be cuted by cold causes cold by hot causes for if whatsoever be immoderate thwart Nature and whatsoever is moderate help Nature then of necessity whatsoever is immoderate one way must be brought to Mediocrity by its contrary immoderate and this may be done two waies either according to power or according to imagination according to power when a thing is really so according to imagination when we conceit a thing to be so as it is not Of these things we have spoken in our Vertues of Simple Medicines As for the Cure of such Diseases as are already inherent to the Body we must regard the cause of the Disease put case for example a Feaver ariseth of putrified Humors The Indication of Cure is Evac●●●ion and Alteration Alteration is cooling the heat of the Humor by cool Medicines this taketh away the Effects but the Cause is taken away by Evacuation as Bleeding Sweating or Clysters or drawing the Humor to another place as by Blisters or the like In this you must regard the matter offending both in respect of Quantity and Quality and the manner of use of your Medicines this we have largely shewed in our Therapeuticks only this let us stick to in all Cures to take away the matter which causeth the Disease by the Roots If the Disease be Compound use a Composition of Simples fitting for it if the Disease be great let the Medicine be the stronger in all let the Medicine be proper for the Disease for example If the Disease exceed Nature in ten parts of heat and seven parts of driness let the Medicine be ten parts colder and seven parts moister Also the part of the Body is to be considered that so the coldness of the Medicine may make the afflicted part no colder than it ought to be if the Disease lie in a remote part of the Body the Medicine ought so to be formed that it lose not its Vertue before it come to that part let it then have not so much heat only as the Disease requires but somwhat more even so much as is necessary to penetrate to the afflicted part Also the matter or substance of the offending Humor must be heeded for if it be thick it cannot penetrate to the extream parts of the Body and in such cases you must use Medicines that are of a cutting quality Culpeper It seems Galen here minded only an Antipathetical Cure in which his Rules are good there is another way of Cure which we call Sympathetical which is done by strengthning Nature in General and the part of the Body afflicted in particular of this and the reasons for it every one that is fit to give Physick may see in my English Physitian Chap. 90. The Cure of Solution of continuity in a Fleshy Part. SOlution of Unity is cured again by Unity and this in Instrumental parts is impossible Culpeper I think my Author means 't is impossible tó set a mans Arm on again when 't is cut off if he do I am cleerly of his Opinion but when a man hath cut his Finger there is a Solution of Unity in an Instrumental part and yet that is easily cured Galen The Cure of Solution of Unity in Similary parts is not alwaies possible but in fleshy parts it is unless the loss of substance be so great that the sides of the Wound cannot be joyned together without marring the form of the Body Our present task then is 1. To joyn the parts of the Body together which are separated by the Wound or Ulcer 2. To keep them together being so joyned 3. To clense the Ulcer of what hinders the Cure 4. To preserve the part sound being cured The First and Second are performed by convenient binding and stitching together To the Third we must have a care 1 That neither dust filth nor hairs fall into it 2 That no Corruption breed in it that may hinder the Cure 3 If there be much defluxion of Humors to it either purge them out or draw them back to another place To the Fourth Strengthen the part when you have cured it with convenient drying Medicines Thus much of Solution of continuity in a fleshy part Culpeper Galen hath done very well in this I shall only ad an Exhortation to Artists which if they observe they may do well I desire them 1 To work safely without hurt 2 Spèedily without detracting time 3 Do as they would be