Selected quad for the lemma: cause_n

Word A	Word B	Word C	Word D	Occurrence	Frequency Band	MI	MI Band	Prominent
cause_n	air_n	cold_a	heat_n	1,490	5	8.2077	4	false

Text snippets containing the quad

ID	Title	Author	Corrected Date of Publication (TCP Date of Publication)	STC	Words	Pages
A60473	Horological disquisitions concerning the nature of time, and the reasons why all days, from noon to noon, are not alike twenty four hours long in which appears the impossibility of a clock's being always kept exactly true to the sun : with tables of equation, and newer and better rules ... how thereby precisely to adjust royal pendulums ... : with a table of pendulums, shewing the beats that any length makes in an hour ... / by John Smith ... ; to which is added The best rules for the ordering and use both of the quick-silver and spirit weather-glasses, and Mr. S. Watson's rules for adjusting a clock by the fixed stars.	Smith, John, fl. 1673-1680.	1694 (1694)	Wing S4106; ESTC R17047	36,804	110

Air be no ways altered this is observed by Dr. Beale Phyl. Trans numb 9. p. 157. That a Baroscope ascended higher in the cold Mornings and Evenings than at Mid-day which doubtless proceeded from the aforesaid Cause for if you leave for tryal-sake a little Bubble of Air in the Head of the Glass when you set it up you will find the same Defect as Dr. Beale has observ'd Wherefore 't is necessary if you are doubtful of the like to Rectifie your Weather-Glass when it has been set up about a Twelve Month which is done by taking of the Tube down and repurging of it of Air as you were taught in first setting of it up but that you may not be put to more trouble than needs you ought to be first certain that your Weather-Glass does want Rectifying which you may know thus Let the Tube as it stands in the Cestern be stoop'd down so low till the Mercury rise quite up to the Head and if you perceive a Bubble of Wind at the top above the Quicksilver that is the certain sign of its wanting to be new Rectified clap then your Finger under the open end in the Cestern and take it out and purge out the Air as before was directed at its first setting up Of the Uses of the Baroscope or Quick-silver Weather-Glass AND here it may not be amiss in the first place to shew you my Opinion concerning the Reasons of that different weight of Air which is now generally believ'd and that with good Reason too to be the cause of the Quicksilvers rising against fair and falling against foul Weather Now the Reasons or Causes of this I take to be principally two the one is the Dilating and Contracting of the Air and the other is the Airs being empty of light Vapours and sometimes filled with them That the Air is capable of Contraction and Expansion is plainly apparent by its dilating with Heat and contracting by Cold in the Bolt-head of a Thermoscope or Water Weather-Glass Now if the Air be Contracted into a less room by what cause it will the Adjacent Air flows in to make good the Level of the Atmosphere and so by the Addition of more Air the Cylender which bouys up the Mercury in the Weather-Glass becomes heavier and by consequence makes the Quicksilver rise and though in Summer-time it may be thought that the Heat we feel should rather Expand than Contract yet in this we may be deceived for though the Air be Hot just at the Earth by the Sun's Reflection yet the upper Regions are still as Cold as ever witness the Snow which continues all the Year round on the Tops of some very high Mountains and so the Air may very well be accidentally contracted in the hottest time of Summer as well as in the coldest Winter and be one occasion of the Airs being then as heavy in dry Weather as in the fairest time of Winter And as the Air is made heavier by Contraction so 't is made lighter by Expansion for when its Body is rarified from what Cause soever the Swelling thereof causes the highest part to flow off or as I may say run down on those Parts of the Atmosphere that are below it by which means the Cylender or Pillar of it that presses on any Place becomes lighter and so the Mercury in the Baroscope is suffered to sink down or descend And that the Airs being sometimes full of watry Vapours and sometimes empty is another and the chief Reason too of the Quicksilvers rising and falling is manifest from this Principle in Philosophy That what-ever Rises up and Swims in any Medium must Bulk for Bulk be lighter than the Medium by which it is sustained Hence it follows that all kinds of watry Vapours must be lighter than the Air else they could never rise up therein nor be suspended there till by another Principle in Nature they are made to descend in Rain or Snow Now if Water thus Rarified be specifically lighter than Air then 't is plain that when the Air is filled therewith it must become less weighty than it was before As a Glass filled with half Water and half rectified Spirit of Wine a much lighter substance shall not weigh so much as when fill'd with all Water so the Air is always lightest in wet Weather because the Spaces above us are then full of Vapours much lighter than the Air is and by consequence the Body of Air and watry Particles mixt together must weigh less than if the whole were only an unmixt and pure Air. On the contrary when the Air is dry and free from being thus fill'd with watry Vapours it must then be most heavy at such times Indeed we may perceive many large white and curled Clouds sailing aloft over us but these are only a Collection of some few Vapours in the very upper Region of the Air the Spaces below being in the mean time very little or not at all filled therewith whereas in very wet Weather when the Glass is low and the Air very light we see not only the upper Region full of compacted Vapours but find also the whole Atmosphere even down to the Surface of the Earth filled therewith as is manifest by the Sweating of Stones and other tokens of the Airs extream Humidity and by consequence the fuller of light matter the Spaces above us are the less will the Weight be that presses downward and for that Reason the Glass in the wettest Weather always sinks lowest This being premised I come to the more particular Uses of the Glass and first you may perceive by what has been said That the Glass gives a very good account of the Temper of the Air as to its Moisture or Driness the Moisture thereof or its Fulness of watry Vapours being always proportionable to the lowness of the Quicksilver and every Degree of Sinking is an argument of the Airs being filled more and more with Moisture and the lower its Station the more full of Moisture the Air still is and you shall always observe That the lower the Quicksilver descends the more listless and out of order Men's Bodies are because the Air is then full of that which is disagreeable to the Nature of Man who was not made to live in a Watry Element and therefore the more Watry the Medium is in which he lives the more is his Nature disturbed at it On the contrary The higher the Quicksilver is the drier still is the Air and by consequence Men's Bodies are then found to be more Brisk and Lively because the Medium in which they live and move is free from what their Nature abhors so that by the Weather-Glass may be known in great part whether the Disorder and Melancholy or the Periodical Pains and Aches to which we are sometimes unavoidably subject is really occasioned by a new bodily Distemper or not for this happening when the Quicksilver is low may be judg'd to be occasioned rather by the Air and by

consequence will go off naturally of it self when the Quicksilver rises a too moist Air has stranger Effects on Men's Bodies than is generally taken notice of by them that understand not the Reason from whence it proceeds In the next place observe That as the Baroscope Predicts only fair and foul Weather so that you may be the better directed which of these to expect you must still note the rising and falling of the Mercury for its rising in any part of the Glass betokens a tendency to fair as its falling down foreshews an inclination to Rain and Wet As for the Words engraven on the upper part of the Register Plats they are then only to be noted when the Mercury removes from Changeable upwards and those on the lower part are to be noted only when the Quicksilver falls from Changeable downward In other Cases the Words are of no Use for if it is Rising in any part foreshews a Tendency to be Fair and its Falling in any part a Tendency to foul Weather then it follows that if it fall from settled Fair to Fair it may yet Rain a little though the Quicksilver still stands as high as Fair the like may be said if it rise from the Word much Rain to Rain for though its Rising betoken a Tendency to Fair yet since 't is still so low as the Word Rain there may be yet be some Wet Weather though not so much as there was before the Quick-silver began to rise But if the Mercury mount upwards from Changeable then will the Weather for the most part be such as the Words in the upper part of the Register Plates Import and if from Changeable it falls down the Weather likewise will be much the same as the Words found in that Part do express but in the Mercuries rising up to Changeable when 't is below it or falling when 't is above it the Words as I said before signifie nothing If the Mercury rises very high the Weather will continue Fair so long as it stands at that pitch and you will not find the Weather change much till the Mercury falls down a good Space lower So likewise when 't is fallen down very low you must expect Wet Weather during all the time of its so continuing in both these Particulars you will be certain provided the Wind and the Moon Concur For both the Wind and the Changes of the Moon are to be well observed in order to make the truer Prediction And first for the Wind this is found to be of very great Moment for if the Glass fall and the Wind sit in those Quarters from whence much Rain is observed usually to come as with us about London are the South and Southwest then 't is not to be doubted but Wet will follow On the contrary if the Glass rise when the Wind blows from a dry Quarter of the Heavens as with us are the North and East then 't is a hundred to one but the Weather will be Fair but if the Glass rises and the Wind be South the Case is doubtful So also if it falls and the Wind be North for then it often happens that the Weather does not prove always such as the Rising and Falling of the Glass Predicts As to the Moon 't is well observed That the Weather is generally inclinable to Moisture about three Days before and three Days after both the New and Full Moon if therefore the Glass Falls the Wind be South and the Moon near the New or Full the certainty of Rain is still much the greater If the Mercury be high in the Summer-time when the Weather is hot and does of a suddain fall down a pretty considerable Distance then certainly expect great and sudden Storms of Rain and Thunder to follow soon after VVhen the Glass is Risen very high in Winter and the Wind sits then North and East it certainly presages Frost to ensue and the same will continue as long as the Mercury stands thus High but when you see it begin to sink somewhat considerably then be assured a Thaw will quickly follow If in a Frost the Air becomes Overcast and the Quicksilver Rises of a suddain yet higher when it had stood high for a time before then look for Snow for the Cold above which is the Cause of Snow causes also the Air to become more heavy by Condensatition If the Glass Rise and Fall but a little or it be unsettled in its Motion it then argues an unconstant Season and the Weather will not then long continue in one state the like happens when it is about the Word Changeable or Uncertain for then no true Guess can be made what the VVeather will be The Mercury is always observed to be lowest in extream high and strong Winds that happen when the Air is full of Moisture but the Glass does no way predict Winds before-hand for the extreme lowness of the Quick-silver happens only at the very Time the Wind Blows and as soon as the Wind Ceases the Mercury is then found to rise apace but such a Rise that immediately follows Storms are no signs of fair Weather except it rises much higher than it was at the Time of the Wind 's beginning to blow Note That when Wet is predicted by the Glass or by any other Sign or Token it generally begins to rain either when the Moon is due South or else when the Sun comes to be upon the same Quarter from whence the Wind blows and if it rains not at the Time of the Moon 's Southing or Northing nor when the Sun and the Wind comes together then 't will hardly rain till the same Times do again return which is a good Note in time of Harvest and very seldom fails though it sometimes may Note also that most great Changes of the Weather happen with us either at the New full Moon and if the Weather change not then 't will hold on as it is till the next New or Full Moon comes Frost generally breaks at the Changes when it does break and 't is commonly at the Change or Full that Rain comes after a dry Season has long continued An Addition of some Natural Predictions of Fair and Foul Weather And first of Fair Weather THe much hooping of Owls after Sun-set in the Summer-time and in the Night also foreshews a fair Day to follow Swarms of little Gnats and Flies sporting themselves together in the Evening is a certain token that the Day following will be fair If the Sun set red in the Evening and the Place be free from Clouds and the next Morning rises clear and bright these are good tokens that the Day will be fair The Soaring of Kites aloft in the Air is a Sign of dry and hot Weather When the Bat Mice are seen to fly to and fro in the Evening it shews that the next will be a fair Day If in the Morning Mists descend from the Hills and settle in the Vallies 't is a Sign that the